April 1994 SIR-C/X-SAR Mission: Ancillary Data Report Raco, Michigan Site Kathleen M. Bergen M. Craig Dobson Leland E. Pierce John R. Kendra Josef Kellndorfer Paul Siqueira 26511-5-T = RL-2410 December 5, 1994 Report 026511-5-T

Abstract This report documents the ancillary measurements taken during the period April 3 - 20 at the Raco supersite in conjunction with the April 1994 SIRC/X-SAR mission. For this mission, data collection concentrated on timesensitive measurements in the following categories: 1. Surface properties: a. snow depth, wetness, and density b. soil status (frozen/unfrozen), moisture, bulk density, and temperature 2. Canopy properties: vegetation moisture/dielectric properties 3. Meteorological conditions: temperature and precipitation In addition, an array of calibration targets planned specifically for the SIR-C/XSAR mission was deployed and monitored. This report provides an introduction to the site, followed by measurement methodologies for each of the ground measurement efforts, summary data tables, and more detailed data in the form of appendices. Electronic versions of the summary data tables and appendices are available on request. Requests may be sent to: dobson@engin.umich.edu i

Acknowledgments The following people served on the SIR-C/X-SAR April experiment field team. We would like to thank each of them and acknowledge their hard work and dedication to this project: Project Management: M. Craig Dobson, Fawwaz T. Ulaby Calibration: Sergio Chacon, Roger DeRoo, Ron Hartikka, Leland Pierce, Kamal Sarabandi, Jim Stiles, Andrew Zambetti Vegetation Moisture and Precipitation: Kathleen Bergen, Josef Kellndorfer, Eric Li, Paul Siqueira Snow and Soil: Tsen-Chieh Chiu, John Kendra, Jui-Ching Cheng, Yi Cheng Lin, Adib Nashashibi In addition, we would like to thank Aziza Ulaby for her help in preparing dielectric data for this report. iii

Table of Contents 1 Introduction Page 1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES 1 1.2 THE SITE 2 1.2.1 Physiography 2 1.2.2 Climate 2 1.2.3 Forest Composition 5 1.3 THE SIR-C/X-SAR OVERFLIGHT 6 2 Ground Measurement Methodologies and Data Summaries 2.1 CALIBRATION 12 2.2 SNOW AND SOIL 17 2.2.1 Snow Pack Wetness and Density: Shaded 17 vs. Unshaded Snow Pit Measurements 2.2.2 Snow and Soil Properties in Clearings and Forest Stands 20 2.2.2.1 Phase 1: April 3-7 23 2.2.2.2 Phase 2: April 16-18 23 2.3 VEGETATION DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES 28 2.3.1 Dielectric Depth Profiles 29 2.3.2 Temporal Variance in Dielectric 31 2.3.3 Dielectric Properties by Species Size/Age Class 35 2.4 WEATHER DATA 35 3 References 43 4 Appendices Appendix A: Snow Wetness and Density at Cryderman Field Snow Pits Al -5 Appendix B: Snow Pit Wetness and Density Plots B1 -5 Appendix C: Snow and Soil Results in Clearings and C1-13 Forest Stands - Phase 1 Appendix D: Snow and Soil Results in Clearings and D1-15 Forest Stands - Phase 2 Appendix E: Vegetation Dielectric Plots: e' vs. Depth E1-E7 Appendix F: Vegetation Dielectric Plots: e' vs. Time Fl -F1 0 Appendix G: Hourly Weather Data: Raco Airfield, 3/25/94 - 4/19/94 G1 -G20 Appendix H: Michigan Daily Precipitation Maps H1-20 iv

List of Tables Table Table Table Table Table 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: Table 6: Table 7: Table 8: Table 9: Table 10: Table 11: April 1994 SIR-C/X-SAR Project Objectives: Raco Supersite Forest Communities and Dominant Species Studied During the SIR-C/X-SAR Project Calibration: Objectives and Methods Calibration Targets Snow Wetness and Density: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Summary of Snow Pit Measurements at Cryderman Field Snow and Soil Properties: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Snow/Soil Transects Locations and Vegetation Types Summary of Transects Snow and Soil Properties Vegetation Dielectric Properties: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Dielectric Measurements Completed During the April SIR-C/X-SAR Project Summary of Dielectric Properties by Species Size/Age Class Weather Data: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Intercepted Precipitation Precipitation (cm of water) during the April SIR-C/X-SAR Experiment Table Table Table Table 12: 13: 14: 15: 1 6 12 13 17 19 20 22 24 29 30 34 36 39 40 21 32 33 41 3 7 9 37 List of Figures Figure 1: Snow Density: Shaded vs. Unshaded 4/14/94 Snow Mv: Shaded vs. Unshaded 4/14/94 Figure 2: Dielectric Depth Profiles: Sugar Maple & White Pine at L-band Figure 3: Temporal Variance in Dielectric: Sugar Maple and Red Pine at C-band Figure4: Temperature and Cumulative Precipitation, April 1-April 20 List of Maps 1. SIR-C/X-SAR Supersite: Raco, Michigan 2. Land Cover -- SIR-C/X-SAR Supersite: Raco, Michigan 3. SIR-C/X-SAR Test Stands and Calibration Sites, Raco Michigan Supersite 4. SIR-C/X-SAR Precipitation Gauge Network, Raco, Michigan, April 1994 v

I

1. Introduction 1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES On April 9, 1994, the SIR-C/X-SAR instruments were launched on an 11 -day mission on the NASA space shuttle Endeavor. Several supersites received frequent overflights, the Raco supersite in the upper peninsula of Michigan being among them. This site was imaged twelve times between April 9 and April 19. The purpose of the mission was to acquire SAR image data for the investigation and analysis of previously defined ecological and environmental questions particularly those related to global climate change. Specifically, six research objectives were linked to the Raco site: Table 1. April 1994 SIR-C/X-SAR Project Objectives: Raco Supersite Objectives 1. Estimation of above ground living vegetation biomass 2. Estimation of vegetation canopy moisture content 3. Estimation of snow depth and wetness 4. Estimation of soil condition and moisture content 5. Image classification 6. Image calibration A team of 17 scientists from the University of Michigan Radiation Laboratory made a number of ancillary measurements during this period in order to meet these objectives. Data collection concentrated on time-sensitive measurements including snowpack conditions, vegetation and soil moisture, and weather data. In addition, an array of calibration targets planned specifically for the SIR-C/X-SAR mission was deployed and monitored. This report presents a summary of the ground data taken during the period April 3 - 20 in conjunction with the space shuttle overflights. It contains a brief introduction to the site, followed by measurement methodologies for each of the

ground measurement tasks, summary data tables, and more detailed data in the form of appendices. Other less time sensitive measurements such as forest composition and biomass were made during the summers 1992-94 and are not included here. Electronic versions of the summary data tables and appendices are available on request. Requests may be sent to: dobson@engin.umich.edu 1.2 THE SITE The Raco supersite, centered on 46.392~ N. Latitude and 84.885~ W. Longitude, is located in Chippewa County in the eastern part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The area under study and imaged in the SIR-C/X-SAR crossover region is approximately 20 km E-W and 20 km N-S. Much of the study site, and all of the forest test stands used for ground truth data, are within the boundaries of the Eastern Division of the Hiawatha National Forest. The map SIR-C/X-SAR Supersite: Raco, Michigan shows the location of the SIRC/X-SAR test site in Michigan. 1.2.1 Physiography The site contains several distinct physiographic regions. A large area of excessively drained glacial outwash sands (the Raco Plains) dominates the northeast quadrant. The southeast quadrant contains an extensive poorly drained wetland area. Moderately well drained morainal features interspersed with low-lying somewhat poorly drained areas comprise the western half. The northern edge of the site borders Lake Superior. Agricultural areas on lake plain border the northeast, and the Delirium Wilderness wetlands border the south and southeast. Forested areas on morainal till continue to the west. 1.2.2 Climate Regional climate is characterized by a mean annual temperature of 50C, July average temperature of 24.5~C, January average temperature of -14~C, growing season of approximately 130 days, and mean annual precipitation of 79 cm. The SIR-C/X-SAR overflight occurred at a time of great seasonal change, the spring thaw. This results in a breakup of the ice pack on the great lakes and rapid reductions in the thickness of the terrestrial snow pack. 2

04 06 )noon E. 54-.54 0 CD N LO) CD 0:0 46 LTH Zn 16T Clar'.c 1866 M,AD 2 ' 46 040000Dm E. 080000Dm E. Kilometers 100 Miles 100 SIR-C Supersite: Raco, Michigan 0 100 200 300 400 500 0. - ~q1- 100 200 0 100 200 P ---f W-4;=R i — i I

On the day of the launch, the extensive ice cover on nearby Whitefish Bay in Lake Superior and the terrestrial snow cover in the area ranged from about 20 cm in forest clearings to over 50 cm in heavily forested areas. In the forested areas, the smallest amount of snow cover was found in deciduous forests (aspen and northern hardwoods), and the greatest amounts in conifer forest (pines and lowland conifers). Variable temperature and wind conditions throughout the mission lead to the breakup and movement of the ice pack from Whitefish Bay and had reduced the snow pack to 0 cm in clearings and less than 30 cm in forested areas. At the same time, the near-surface layer of the soil in forest clearings, generally frozen to at least 5 cm at launch, had thawed and drained (in sandy soils) by the end of the mission on April 19. Within the forest, all woody vegetation maintained above freezing temperatures throughout the mission. 1.2.3 Forest Composition The Raco site's situation on the ecotone between the north-temperate and boreal forest biomes, its diversity of forest communities of varying ages and densities, and its forest stands of large geographical extent made it an ideal NASA supersite. Present on the drier outwash are upland conifer communities; on the low sites lowland conifer or forested wetlands communities; on the richer sites either late successional northern hardwoods or early successional aspen communities. The map Land Cover —SIR-C/X-SAR Supersite: Raco Michigan depicts the generalized land cover distribution for the test region. Table 2 lists the forest communities and dominant species which have been studied throughout the duration of the SIR-C/X-SAR project. Over the past four years, sixty-six forest test stands representing the distribution of forest communities, ages, and densities found at the Raco site have been sampled. These have been described statistically and compiled into an extensive ground-truth database providing estimates of species composition, height, density, diameter, crown depth, LAI, and biomass [1,2,3]. While these data are documented in separate reports, the test stand locations are depicted on the map SIR-C/X-SAR Test Stands and Calibration Sites. 5

Table 2: Forest Communities and Dominant Species Studied During the SIRC/X-SAR Project Upland Conifer Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) White Pine (Pinus strobus) Lowland Conifer Black Spruce (Picea mariana) White Spruce (Picea glauca) Northern White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis) Balsam Fir (Abies balsemea) Larch (Laix larcina) Northern Hardwoods - late successional species Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Aspen - early successional species Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Bigtooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata) Pin Cherry (Prunus Pensylvanica) 1.3 THE SIR-C/X-SAR OVERFLIGHT The SIR-C/X-SAR flight path including overlap region is also depicted on the map SIR-C/X-SAR Test Stands and Calibration Sites. The ascending path had a track angle of 52~ - 530, and the descending path a track angle of 1270 - 133~. Except for the precipitation gauge network, almost all ground-truth data represented in this report were collected within the approximately 20 km x 20 km path overlap region. The time of the overflights ranged form 5:25 a.m. to 2:55 p.m. local time (EDT). Information pertaining to specific overflights, such as date and time, data take number, ascending/descending, look angle, and local incidence angle, can be found in Section 2.1, Table 4: Calibration Targets. 6

15 o &n o 0 0 0 0 1-*A O o o Z ca f 21 12.. - 85~10'W 00 UT- Zone 16T Clarke 1866 (NAD 27) Land Cover SIR-C Supersite: Raco, Michigan Kilometers 10 0 10 20 Miles 10 0 10 i [ I - I I I ] * Northern hardwood H Agriculture U Conifer F Rangeland * Wetland D Urban * Water U Airport

65 660000m E. 67 - 680000n E. sc,-;5, 69:15 5~l0'W 00' 6600oom E. 67 45' 680000m E. 84~35'r^ 69 - Zone 16T Clarke 1866 (NAD 27) SIR-C Test Stands and Calibration Sites Raco, Michigan Supersite Kilometers 10 0 10 20 Miles 10 0 10!. I- I I I - I, I * Forest test stands D Calibration sites [D SIR-C imaged swath

2 Ancillary Measurement Methodologies and Data Summaries With the exception of calibration, discussed in section 2.1. ancillary data collection concentrated on measuring physical scene properties known or expected to be time varying the during the April time frame. These fell into three general categories: 1. Surface properties: a. snow depth, wetness, and density b. soil status (frozen/unfrozen), moisture, bulk density, and temperature 2. Canopy properties: vegetation moisture/dielectric properties 3. Meteorological conditions: temperature and precipitation A snow pit procedure was used to capture snowpack wetness and density at varying times of the diurnal cycle, under both shaded and unshaded conditions. Two pits, one shaded and one unshaded, were dug and measurements made at specific intervals along the vertical face of the snowpack. This procedure, with results, are summarized in section 2.2.1, and detailed in Appendices A and B. To assess mean snow depth, wetness, and density, plus soil moisture, bulk density, and temperature in representative forest test stands and clearings, a series of transects were run in the chosen areas and measurements made at determined horizontal intervals. This procedure and its results are presented in section 2.2.2 and detailed in Appendices C and D. Forest canopy moisture status was estimated by measuring tree dielectric properties in three ways. These were 1) to assess the general moisture status for all species of interest for the April time frame, 2) to determine temporal variance in moisture, and 3) to assess moisture differences between species size/age classes. The sampling frames, measurement procedures, and summary results are presented in section 2.3 and Appendices E and F. Meteorological data were collected by several means. Weather stations in the area provided data, and precipitation measurements were obtained from a network of 21 precipitation gauges deployed specifically for the SIR-C/X-SAR mission project. These data are discussed and reported in section 2.4 plus Appendices G and H. 11

For each of these measurement procedures, the following sections provide 1) a table outlining the hypotheses, objectives, and methods, 2) an explanation of the methodology, and 3) results in the form of summary tables. 2.1 CALIBRATION Development of image calibration algorithms has been a goal throughout the duration of the SIR-C/X-SAR project. The objectives and methods used for assuring accurate calibration for the April mission imagery were as follows. Table 3: Calibration: Objectives and Methods Objective Method 1. Absolute calibration of SIR-C/X-SAR la. Deploy and monitor appropriate point imagery acquired at L,C, and X bands targets lb. Measure backscatter for area extended _targets with a calibrated scatterometer system. 2. Accurate calibration over the geographical 2. Place 16 targets in several locations extent of the imaged scenes Appropriate calibration targets needed to be distributed in open areas within the area imaged by the sensors. Both passive and active targets were deployed. Six 1.07 m trihedrals and one C-band parc were located at the Rifle Range near the Raco Airfield. Two 2.4 m trihedrals were located at the Raco Airfield. Four 2.4 m trihedrals, one L-band single antenna polarimetric active radar calibrator (saparc), one C-band saparc, and one C-band parc were located at Cryderman Field. Details regarding target positioning, including gps derived coordinates, target type, and measured elevation angles and azimuths, can be found in Table 4: Calibration Targets. The three target locations are depicted on the map SIR-C/X-SAR Test Stands and Calibration Sites. Targets were repositioned and/or monitored for accurate positioning before each overflight using electronic levels and Brunton compasses. Scatterometer measurements were made at L, C, and X-bands in conjunction with each SIR-C/X-SAR overpass. These measurements were made at Cryderman field. These measurements are not described herein. 12

Table 4: Calibration Targets Calibration Target Plan at Raco Supersite MET (dd/hh:mm:ss) 00/07:50:29 01/07:32 17 April 1994 Mission Orbit No. 6 22 Data-Take No. 6.1 22.2 Local magnetic declination Is 6.1380 W Ascending/Descending D D North/South Looking (from Shuttle) S S All PARCs 1 1.0000 Look Angle (relative to SIR-C) 30.14 19.33 -1 -1.0000 Local Incidence Angle 31.387 20.132 SIR-C Azimuth Heading (True North) 127.461 128.428 Target Azimuth (True North) 127.86 127.86 Target Looking (N/S) N N ___ __Location Target Azimuth (Mag. North)_ 134 134 _ / Elevation Azimuth Elevation Azimuth Target Descendin Target Size Max. RCS Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Site Name Ig Latitude Longitude Tye (cm) (dBm^2) horizontal) north) (degrees) horizontal) north) (degrees) RIFLE RANG T2-1 A/D 46.3337 -84.8593 Trihedral 107 30.5 128.9 1.7 30.7 127.9 08 T2-2 A/D 46.3360 -84.8575 Trihedral 107 29.2 128.9 1.1 15.6 155.9 18.6 T2-3 A/D 46.3453 -84.8497 Trihedral 107 29.6 127.9 5.8 7.5 152.9 15 7 T2-4 A/D 46.3452 -84.8512 Trihedral 107 27.2 124.9 1.4 296 129.9 04 T2-5 A/D 46.3481 -84.8487 Trihedral 107 30.0 128.9 1.3 30.5 128.9 1 0 T2-6 A/D 46.3506 -84.8500 Trihedral 107 31.2 127.9 -0.5 28 7 129.9 0.1 P4 A/D 46.3362 -84.8592 C-PARC 2 42.4 31.4 2.4 0.1 30.1 128.9 08 RACO T1-5 A/D 46.3468 -84.8058 Trihedral 240 30.3 128.9 0.6 29.8 128.9 0.2 AIRFIELD T1-6 A/D _ __ Trihedral 240 CRYDERMAN T1-1 A/D 46.4591 -84.9070 Trihedral 240 31.0 126.9 0.0 30.4 127.9 0.0 FIELD T1-2 A/D 46.4562 -84.9093 Trihedral 240 31.5 128.9 1.1 30.2 1279 1.4 T1-3 A/D 46.4561 -84.9130 Trihedral 240 31.3 125.9 0.5 31 6 1279 03 T1-4 A/D 46.4571 -84.9152 Trihedral 240 31.0 126.9 0.8 31.4 126.9 0.7 P1 A/D 46.4578 -84.9104 L-SAPARC 32.1 125.9 1.0 199 1279 04 P2 A/D 46.4597 -84.9102 C-SAPARC??? 20.2 1289 yes P3 A/D 46.4583 -84.9126 C-PARC #1 44.5 7?7 194 128.9 0.3..........l ll ll L) Date Day Time Saturday 9-Apr 14:55:29 Sunday 10-Apr 14:32:17

04/00:25:22 05/00:05:44 05/06:15:43 05/23 45 41 66 82 86 98 66.2 82.2 86.4 98 12 A A D A S S N S 21.65 29.53 23.77 35 512 22.65 30.849 24.531 36 801 51.853 52.341 131.101 52.911 232.86 232.86 311.86 232 86 N N S N ____ 239 239 318 239_ Elevation Azimuth Elevation Azimuth Elevation Azimuth Elevation A zmuth Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Site Target Name horizontal) north) (degrees) horizontal) north) (degrees) horizontal) north) (degrees) horizonlal) north) (degrees) RIFLE RANGE T2-1 30.6 53.9 0.1 30.2 236.9 0.1 30.9 310.9 0.2 9 9 232.4 0 4 T2-2 31.6 53.9 0.9 30.6 233.9 0.1 30.0 313.9 0.3 9 9 233 4 0 4 T2-3 29.6 54.9 0.5 28.5 234.9 0.2 29.9 315.9 0.4 9 9 232 4 0 1 T2-4 29.6 52.9 0.7 29.2 237.9 -0.3 30.5 311.9 0.2 9 3 233 9 00 T2-5 30.9 53.9 0.5 30.4 235.9 0.8 30.2 309.9 -0.2 10 1 233 9 0 1 T2-6 30.5 53.9 0.9 30.7 233.9 1.2 30.5 311.9 1.0 10.2 232 9 0 0 P4 20.7 52.9 0.1 30.8 232.9 0.1 24.5 311.9 0.0 368 232 9 00 RACO T1-5 30.5 231.9 0.4 30.1 311.9 0.1 9.8 232 8 0 2 AIRFIELD T1-6 ___ 30.0 233.9 0.7 30.3 312.9 0.1 11 0 233 1 0 2 CRYDERMAN T1-1 30.4 53.9 0.5 30.0 233.9 0.5 30.0 312.9 0.0 FIELD T1-2 30.6 53.9 0.3 30.2 232.9 0.0 29.6 311.9 0.6 T1-3 30.9 51.9 1.0 31.0 233.9 0.1 29.6 311.9 0.2 10 3 236 9 00 T1-4 31.1 52.9 -0.6 31.1 232.9 0.7 30.0 311.9 0.4 11 1 232 9 0 8 P1 21.6 51.9 0.5 30.9 232.9 0.8 24.9 312.9 0. 1 35 1 239 9 2 0 P2 23.4 52.9 ok 30.7 235.9 ok 24.8 310.9 ok 36.5 236 9 ok P3 22.8 52.9 0.5 29.2 235.9 1.1 24.5 311.9 0.4 372 241 9 0 3 Wednesday 13-Apr 7:30:22 Thursday 14.Apr 7:10:44 Thursday 14.Apr 13:20:43 Friday 15-Apr 6:50:41.In

__ I 06/05:55:33 102 102.41 D N 30.701 31.747 131.674 311.86 S 318 I 06/23:25:12 114 114.1 A S 40.09 41.799 53.567 232.86 N 239 I X -- 07/05:34:57 118 118.6 D N 35.903 37.268 131.959 311.86 S 318 08/05 13 5 7 134 134 3 D N 39 787 41 306 132 328 311 86 S 31.f,. Elevation Azimuth Elevation Azimuth Elevation Azimuth Elevation Azimuth Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Site Target Name horizontal) north) (degrees) horizontal) north) (degrees) horlzontal) north) (degrees) horizontal) north) (degrees) RIFLE RANGE T2-1 29.6 312.9 0.5 11.0 232.9 0.0 * - T2-2 29.9 313.4 0.5 10.6 231.9 0.0 - - T2-3 29.8 311.4 0.4 10.8 232.9 0.2 -. T2-4 - - - 10.9 233.9 0.2 9.7 311.9 0.4 10 4 3099 0 3 T2-5 30.0 311.9 0.3 10.3 232.9 0.2 9.9 311.9 0.1 9.7 3129 00 T2-6 - - 10.6 231.9 0.4 9.7 310.9 0.4 96 3109 1 0 5 P4 31.7 311.9 0.0 41.8 232.9 0.0 37.3 311.9 0.0 41.0 313 9 00 RACO T1-5 29.3 313.4 0.4 9.3 234.7 0.3 - - AIRFIELD T1-6 30.4 311.9 0.1 10.6 232.7 0.3 10.7 313.9 1.0 18.7 31 79 1 2 CRYDERMAN T1-1 - - 12.2 223.9 2.9 11.0 311.9 0.4 105 311 9 04 FIELD T1-2 -. - - 9.4 314.9 2.3 10.8 318 9 1 3 T1-3 29.5 312.9 0.0 15.1 230.9 1.6 T1-4 30.0 313.9 0.4 9.9 232.9 1.0.. P1 31.0 310.9 <2.0 41.7 232.9 2.0 7 7 7 420 3129 1 4 P2 31.4 310.9 ok 40.9 227.9 ok 37.0 312.9 ok 42 1 312 9 Ok P3 32.4 313.9 0.4 41.2 232.9 0.3 37.6 311.9 0.5 41 4 313 9 0 Friday 15-Apr 13:00:33 Saturday 16 Apr 6:30:12 Saturday 16-Apr 12:39:57 Sunday 17-Apr 12:18 57

09/04:52:22 09/22:20:59 150 162 150.2 162.3 D A N S 42.55 47.325 44.308 49.67 132.785 54.17 311.86 232.86 S N 318 239 Elevation Azimuth Elevation Azimuth Angles (From (from True Level Angles (From (from True Level Site Target Name horizontal) norlh) (degrees) horizontal) north) (degrees) RIFLE RANGE T2-1 10.6 52.9 0.1 T2-2 10.4 52.9 0.0 T2-3 10.6 52.9 0.1 T2-4 10.1 311.9.0.3 T2-5 9.6 312.4 -0.1 T2-6 9.6 311.9 -0.6 P4 43.8 311.9 0.5 RACO T1-5 10.0 59-6.14 0.0 10.0 52.9 0.0 AIRFIELD T1-6 10.0 311.9 0.0 CRYDEFA T1-1 10.4 310.9 0.4 FIELD T1-2 10.4 318.9 1.5 T1-3 11.4 51.9 0.4 T1-4 10.8 51.9 1.2 P1 44.9 312.9 0.3 P2 44.2 313.9? P3 43.8 312.9 0.6 Monday 18-Apr 11:57:22 Tuesoay O-Apr 5:25:59

2.2 SNOW AND SOIL 2.2.1 Snow Pack Wetness and Density: Shaded vs. Unshaded Snow Pit Measurements This procedure was undertaken in order to provide the ancillary data necessary for determining the effect of snow wetness and density on SIR-C/XSAR image backscatter as outlined below: Table 5: Snow Wetness and Density: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Hypothesis Objective method 1. Snow wetness and 1. Measure snowpack 1. Take measurements intwo density varies with wetness and density snow pits - one completely degree of shading by a under differing degrees unshaded and one vegetation canopy. of shading found in the completely shaded. test site. 2. Snow wetness and 2. Account for snowpack 2. Take measurements density varies with the wetness and density as a concurrently with shuttle diurnal oscillation of air function of time. overflights ranging from 7:10 temperature. a.m.-2:55 p.m. EDT. Due to the nature of the data collection technique, the equipment used, and especially the strong time-dependence of the quantities being measured, it was not possible to measure these quantities in all ideally desired conditions/locations to meet objective one. A compromise plan tracked the snow behavior in each of two scenarios, totally exposed to the sun, and totally shaded from the sun. These approximated the conditions found in clearings vs. under coniferous forest canopies during the month of April. The following describes the methods used in characterizing snowpack wetness and density. A bare area between the road and the fence at Cryderman field was chosen as a test site. In this location there existed a fairly large (9 m X 12 m), unperturbed expanse of snow approximately 45 cm deep. A canopy was erected which provided continuous shade over a patch of snow approximately 1.5 m X by 5 m. Another patch of snow of equivalent dimensions parallel to and approximately 3 m away from the shaded patch was designated as the sun-exposed patch. Snow pits were dug down to the ground at the beginnings of each of these two areas. The snow pits could accommodate a person to sit on a stool in order to make dielectric measurements using a snow probe on the facing snow 17

wall. A tether (microwave cables) connected the snow probe to equipment located in the back of a station wagon approximately twenty feet away. A gasoline-powered generator supplied electricity to the test equipment. In addition to the person in the snow pit, another person sat in the vehicle operating a computer. The two parties communicated via radio headsets. The snow probe gives estimates of the dielectric constant of snow, e's and e s; and these are then used to determine the density Ps and liquid water content mv of the snow [4]. Tests using the snow probe showed that the natural variance for snow wetness and density, even within essentially the same region of the snowpack, was such that a single measurement contained a prohibitively high level of uncertainty. For this reason, five independent measurements were made for each horizontal layer in a depth profile[4]. Each measurement took approximately one-half minute. To facilitate measurement of a depth profile (of both snow wetness and density) in the shortest amount of time, a compromise was necessary with respect to the level of spatial detail obtained. The following describes the strategy applied. After clearing a fresh snow interface, sets of five measurements were made in each of several designated depth "blocks". For example, "block 1" always sampled the top 2.5 centimeters. The next 5 cm region became "block 2". After this, each succeeding 10 cm region was designated as a block. In this fashion, fairly high spatial detail was obtained near the top of the snowpack while allowing the completion of the entire profile in a reasonable amount of time. Using the scheme above, the entire profile for a 46 cm deep snowpack could be collected in 15-20 minutes. Although it would have been ideal to obtain simultaneous measurements in both the shaded and the unshaded pits, in practice this was not possible. By moving back and forth between the two pits a very close approximation was achieved. Two blocks in one pit would be measured, then the operator would move over to the other and measure the first four blocks, then move back to the first, etc. This made the total measurement time for complete profiles on each of the two pits about one hour. To address the question of time variation on snow wetness and density, one depth profile was carried out as coincident as possible with the shuttle overflights (which for this procedure ranged from 7:10 a.m. to 2:55 p.m. local time). Partial or full depth profiles were completed during a time frame before the shuttle overflights. 18

Table 6: Summary of Snow Pit Measurements at Cryderman Field OBSERVATIONS Total Snowpack Top 2.5 cm of Snowpack Date Shaded or Time of Taken Pre- Time of SIR-C / Depth Avg. Density Avg. Avg. Density Avg Unshaded Observation Flight or Overflight X-SAR (cm) (g/cm3) Moisture (g/cm3) Moisture (start/stop) During Flight Datatake ( % vol. ) (% vol. ) 4/9/94 S 14:00/14:40 P 14:55 6.1 41.9 0.48 3.8 0.52 5.1 U 14:00/14:40 P 47.0 0.43 5.0 0.39 5.0 S 14:42/15:43 D 41.9 0.42 4.3 040 5.1 U 14:42/15:43 D 47.0 0.43 4.4 0.39 6.2 4/10/94 S 12:40/13:33 P 14:32 22.2 40.7 0.37 5.0 0.35 5 2 U 12:40/13:33 P 45.7 0.42 6.1 0 40 6 7 S 13:37/14:37 D 40.7 0.41 4.7 041 5.1 U 13:37/14:37 D 45.7 0.42 5.4 0.40 6 9 4/11/94 S 10:46/11:58 none 38.1 0.39 2.3 0.45 2.6 U 10:46/11:58 45.8 0.42 2.0 046 3.5 4/13/94 S 6:17/7:09 P 7:30 66.2 33.0 0.38 3.4 0 48 34 U 6:17/7:09 P 33.0 0.40 4.5 0 43 4 5 S 7:11/8:01 D 33.0 0.42 2.5 0 45 2.7 U 7:11/8:01 D 33.0 0.45 4.1 0.44 3.7 4/14/94 S 6:30/7:24 D 7:10 82.2 30.5 0.38 2.3 0.43 2 9 U 6:30/7:24 D 30.5 0.39 3.9 041 2.6

A summary of the snow wetness and density results appears as Table 6: Summary of Snow Pit Measurements at Cryderman Field. Information is organized by day and differentiates the shaded or unshaded condition, and whether the measurements were taken pre-overflight or during the overflight. Total snowpack depth is given, and averages are presented for ps, and mv for both the entire pack and for the top 2.5 cm. As an example, the plots in Figure 1 present the April 14 ps and mv results. Basic hydrologic theory suggests that increasing snowpack wetness and density should vary directly with rising temperature and inversely with degree of shading (0-100% cover). These plots illustrate the expected increase in wetness and density in the unshaded condition vs. shaded condition. The remaining plots are provided in Appendix B. The data in Appendix A provide the mean density and moisture plus the uncertainty in the estimate of the means for each of the discrete depth blocks. 2.2.2 Snow and Soil Properties in Clearings and Forest Stands Snow and soil properties identified for study during the April SIR-C/XSAR project and expected to have implications for image backscatter analysis were measured based on the following: Table 7: Snow and Soil Properties: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Hypothesis Objective Method 1. Snow depth, moisture, and 1. Measure snow depth, 1. Sample snow properties at set density vary as a function of moisture, and density in forest intervals along two 100 m crown density which is controlled stands and clearings selected to transects in each of 13 forest by species composition and age provide a cross-section of the stands and clearings repreclass. forest communities and ages sentative of the test site. 2. Snow depth, moisture, and 2. Quantify the effect of distance 2. Sample snow properties at set density varies with distance from from Lake Superior on snow intervals along two 100 m Lake Superior. depth, moisture, and density. transects in a set of clearings located at increasing distances from Lake Superior. 3. April soil moisture and bulk 3. Measure soil moisture and 3. Sample soil properties at set density varies with soil type. Soil bulk density in forest stands and intervals along two 100 m type and species composition clearings selected to provide a transects in each of 13 forest are closely related. cross-section of the forest stands and clearings reprecommunities and ages at the site sentative of the test site. 4. April soil moisture varies with 4. Quantify the status of the 4. Completed in Method one the status of the snow pack. snow pack as per objective 1. above. 5. April soil moisture varies with 5. Measure the temperature of 5. Record the air temperature for temperature. the air and soil at each site. each site and the soil temperature for each sample ____point along two 100 m transects. 20

Figure 1: Snow Density: Shaded vs. Unshaded and Snow M,: Shaded vs. Unshaded 4/14/1994 1-0 0.75 - c) E 0 - 0. C: 0.5-...... ~ 0.25 - ti n'I 0 10 20 30 Snow Height Above Ground (cm) IL_ (a E:3 C* 0 4-. E 0 10 20 30 Snow Height Above Ground (cm) 21

Since there is a very close association between soil type and forest community type, soil properties could be subsampled by measurement of the forest stands and clearings used by the snow transects. The locations, vegetation cover types, and age classes examined during two measurement phases (one immediately before the launch and one at the end of the mission), are listed in Table 8: Snow/Soil Transects Locations and Vegetation Types. Thirteen locations were examined during the phase 1 effort and 14 during phase 2. The notation e.g. T2-T3, refers to trihedral locations at Cryderman field and the Rifle Range. Table 8: Snow/Soil Transects Locations and Vegetation Types Location Vegetation Type Date of Observation I- I _______________________________ Phase 1 Phase 2 Cryderman field Short grass - (Hayfield) 4/3/94 Cryderman (T2-T3) Short grass - (Hayfield), __,__,_4/17/94 Cryderman (T2-T3) Short grass - (Hayfield),, ____ 4/18/94 Clearing 3 Short grass - (Wheat field) 4/6/9 _ Clearing 4 Short shrub/qrass < 1 m (Clearcut) 4/5/94 ___ Clearing by Stands 33 & 34 Short shrubs/grass < 2m 4/3/94 ___ Rifle Range (T2-1) Short grass 4/18/94 Rifle Range (T2-2) Short grass _____4/18/94 Rifle Range (T2-4) Short grass ___4/18/94 Rifle Range (T2-5),,Short grass 4/18/94 Rifle Range (T2-6) Short grass _ 4/18/94 Rifle Range (P-4 parc) Short grass 4/18/94 Stand 22 Red Pine plantation - pole 4/6/94 4/16/94 Stand 23 Red and White Pine - mature 4/5/94 4/16/94 Stand 24 Jack Pine - mature 4/5/94 4/17/94 Stand 31 Northern Hardwoods - pole/mature 4/4/94 4/17/94 Stand 32 Northern White-cedar - mature 4/4/94 4/16/9 Stand 33 Aspen - sapling 4/4/94 Stand 34 Aspen - overmature 4/3/94 __ Stand 43 Red Pine - mature 4/5/94 4/17/94 Stand 90 Black Spruce - mature 4/7/94 The snow and soil properties data were collected in two phases, the first between April 3-7, just prior to the beginning of the SIR-C/X-SAR overflights, and the second between April 16-18, shortly before the final overflight on April 19. This two-phase operation captured the change in snow and soil conditions of the spring thaw that occurred throughout the overflight period. A complete set 22

of snow and soil measurements was undertaken for the first phase and a somewhat abbreviated form of the procedure with less emphasis on snow and more on soil properties was performed during the second phase. 2.2.2.1 Phase 1: April 3-7 For each forest stand or clearing examined, two 100 m transects were undertaken. A transect typically began at least 15 m in from the baseline (generally along a road) of the stand or clearing to avoid edge effects. The second 100 meter transect ran parallel to the first but offset from it by approximately 50 meters. The snow depth was measured and recorded at a 10 meter interval. At every 50 meters on a transect, starting with zero meters, more detailed information was collected. At these locations, a snow tube was used to collect a bulk volumetric sample of the total snowpack. In addition, a pit was dug down to the ground, to collect a volumetric sample of the soil. Temperature measurements were made of the soil. All of the soil samples collected were weighed immediately after collection. Next, the samples were baked in an oven at 110~ C to remove the moisture, then re-weighed. In this way water mass fraction and, for the volumetric samples of the first measurement phase, volumetric water content were computed for the soil samples. Snow water equivalent was also calculated based on the field quantities measured. In most cases, some physical description of the ground layer was recorded. These descriptions contained such information as the presence of an ice layer, and if so its thickness; the presence, character, depth, etc. of a ground litter layer; and whether these elements (ice and/or litter) were collected as part of the volumetric soil sample. This information has importance to determining the dielectric constant of the ground using the value for volumetric moisture obtained by baking the sample. There may be a large water fraction, but if it existed as ice, the dielectric constant would not be large. 2.2.2.2 Phase 2: April 16-18 Towards the end of the mission, an abbreviated form of the above procedure was performed. In this case, no volumetric samples of either snow or soil were collected. Two transects were run as before with snow depth measurements made at 10 m intervals. Snow pits were dug at 50 m intervals 23

Table 9: Summary of Transects Snow and Soil Properties Along Transects At Sample Locations Stand or Location Date Phase Transect Avg. Snov Avg. Snow Avg. Soil Bull Avg. Soil Is Ice Linear Snow Depth (cm Density Density Gravimetric Present Ir Fraction (g/cm3) (g/cm3) Moisture (dri Soil? ________wt. (Q/Q) Cryderman field Cryderman field, T2-3 Cryderman field, T2-3 Clearing 3 Clearing 4 Clearing by stands 33&34 Rifle Range, T2-T6 Rifle Range, T2-T5 Rifle Range, T2-T3 Rifle Range, T2-T4 Rifle Range, T2-T2 Rifle Range, T2-T1 Rifle Range, P-4 (parc) Stand 22 Stand 23 4/3/94 4/17/94 4/18/94 4/6/94 4/5/94 4/3/94 4/18/94 4/18/94 4/18/94 4/18/94 4/18/94 4/18/94 4/18/94 4/6/94 4/16/94 4/5/94 4/16/94 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.91 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 10.5 0.0 0.0 18.4 30.7 37.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.5 25.5 35.0 6.9 NA NA NA 0.30 0.32 0.41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.34 NA 0.30 NA 0.32 NA NA 0.69 0.56 0.65 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.40 NA 0.29 NA 2.39 0.47 NA 0.47 1.33 0.83 0.23 0.27 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.17 2.33 1.08 0.59 2.37 NA Y N N y Y Y N N N N N N N Y N N N I I __ I -f

Table 9: Summary of Transects Snow and Soil Properties Along Transects At Sample Locations Stand or Location Date Phase Transect Avg. Snow Avg. Snow Avg. Soil Bull Avg. Soil Is Ic Linear Sno% Depth (cm Density Density Gravimetric Present i Fraction (g/cm3) (g/cm3) Moisture (dri Soil wt. q/q) Stand 24 4/5/94 1 1.00 45.6 0.29 0.14 6.02 Y 4/17/94 2 0.90 22.9 NA NA 4.72 N Stand 31 4/4/94 1 1.00 48.3 0.37 0.53 0.82 Y 4/17/94 2 1.00 25.4 NA NA 3.51 N Stand 32 4/4/94 1 1.00 36.5 0.34 0.03 14.89 Y 4/16/94 2 1.00 32.0 NA NA 32.76 N Stand 33 4/4/94 1 1.00 56.3 0.35 0.72 0.34 Y Stand 34 4/3/94 1 1.00 48.2 0.38 0.55 0.70 N Stand 43 4/5/94 1 1.00 39.2 0.30 0.39 3.71 Y 4/17/94 2 1.00 16.5 NA NA 1.04 N Stand 90 4/7/94 1 1.00 37.3 0.30 0.06 7.08 Y

and a non-volumetric sample of the soil collected. In these cases, the quality of the ground was described either as "wet" or "saturated" (the result of a general thaw). Several general trends had been expected for the two phases and the measurement results confirmed these. Because the buds had not yet broken on deciduous species in April, coniferous canopies afforded a higher degree of shading. Snow depth was therefore expected to be greatest underneath coniferous forests, intermediate under deciduous forests, and least in clearings. Typically, the insulating properties of the snow cover prevent forest soil from being completely frozen in April. Soil moisture conditions were expected to be partially frozen or unfrozen. Moisture conditions were expected to be at or near field capacity for unfrozen soil, with soil type and bulk density the controlling factors for field capacity. There was expected to be a substantial decrease in the snow pack over the mission, and indeed the snow pack reduction in the clearings reached 100% by the end of the mission. The snow pack reduction over all forest communities sampled averaged 46.3%. Table 9: Summary of Transects Snow and Soil Properties provides a summary of the results for each stand or clearing for both measurement phases. Transect snow linear fraction and average snow depth of the 10 m interval locations, plus average snow density, average soil bulk density, and average soil gravimetric moisture (dry wt.) of the 50 m interval sample locations are given for phase 1. The data collected during phase 2 (also summarized in Table 9) include transect snow linear fraction, average snow depth of the 10 m interval locations, and average soil gravimetric moisture (dry wt.) of the 50 m interval location. Results were calculated according to the following: Transect snow linear fraction lengths along two 100m transects which were snow covered (1) 200m Average snow depth of the 10 m interval locations (cm) 1 n (2) d= — di n i=1 26

where nf = the number of sample points, and dl = sample point snow depth (cm) Average snow density (g/cm3) 1 n Mi (3) ps= -X --— 2 where n= the number of sample points, Mi = weight of snow sample (g), /=length of snow sample (cm), r'= radius of snow tube (cm) Average soil bulk density (g/cm3) (4) Db* = M i* i= /*7r*r2*ci where n = the number of sample points, Mi = soil sample dry wt. (g), 1 = length of soil core (cm), r = radius of soil core (cm), and Ci = n of cores in sample Average soil gravimetric moisture (dry wt. g/g) (5) [ M win =1 MDi the number ofil sample poinwet wt. (g), sDi = soil sample dry wt. (ts), and n the number of sample points Appendix C: Snow and Soil Results for Transects in Clearings and Forest Stands - Phase 1, lists individual measurements for each 50 m sample location, provides several additional measures including snow water equivalent, soil temperature, soil wet and dry sample weights, soil gravimetric moisture (wet wt.), and soil volume fraction. It also includes the written physical descriptions of the soil layer when available. Appendix D: Snow and Soil Results for Transects in Clearings and Forest Stands - Phase 2, presents 27

additional data including individual measurements for each 50 m sample location. Other measures include soil condition (wet/saturated), wet and dry soil sample weights, soil water weight, and soil gravimetric moisture. Calculations were as follows: The product of (2) and (3) result in snow water equivalent (Weq) (6) Weq = ds * pws where ds = snow depth (cm), and pws = density of wet snow (g/cm3) Soil gravimetric moisture (wet wt. g/g) Mwi - M MDi (7) Mg Mwi MD CY Mwi where MWi = soil sample wet wt. (g), MDi = soil sample dry wt. (g) Soil water volume fraction (cm3/cm3) (8) 0 - Mwi-MDi /) [ * r2 * ncj where MWi = soil sample wet wt. (g), MDi = soil sample dry wt. (g), 1 = length of soil core (cm), r = radius of soil core (cm), and ncle = number of cores in sample 2.3 VEGETATION DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES Ancillary data for two sets of canopy properties were required for the SIR-C/X-SAR experiment: 1) those related to the quantity of biomass, and 2) those related to moisture status and temperature. The biomass quantities were considered static within the April SIR-C/X-SAR mission and biomass data had been collected during summers 1992-94. Those properties related to moisture (dielectric properties) and temperature are unique to any mission period and may vary over the period. Therefore, in order to describe the moisture status of 28

the vegetation canopy, dielectric measurements were taken during the April SIR-C/X-SAR mission as set forth in the following table. Table 10: Vegetation Dielectric Properties: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Hypothesis Objective Method 1. Canopy moisture con- 1. Determine the dielec- 1. Complete detailed ditions will be unique to tric properties for all tree dielectric profiles using the mission period and species of interest at the dielectric probes. Do this will vary by species and time of the mission. for at least one tree each temperature. of the nine tree species of interest. Record air and tree temperature. 2. Dielectric properties 2. Track e' over at least 2. Attach dielectric may vary on a diurnal the time range of the probes to trees and basis. overflights and over a 24- program them to take hour period if possible. continuous measurements over part or all of the diurnal cycle. 3. Dielectric properties 3. Evaluate the within 3. Measure e' at three will vary by species species variance in e' depths (bark, cambium, size/age class. related to tree size and xylem) for 10 trees each age. of 13 species size/age classes. Dielectric measurements of trees had been made at the Raco site during early April in 1990 and 1992, and these provided the basis for the assumptions in the above hypotheses. Findings indicated that in April trunks and main stems were generally thawed, and warm daytime temperatures encouraged the upward movement of sap in some species (particularly the sugar maples). 2.3.1 Dielectric Depth Profiles Two meet objective one, dielectric measurements were made as a function of depth into tree trunks. These detailed profiles were carried out for one individual each of the nine tree species of interest (in nine different test stands). The species, stands, sampling dates, and probe used are listed in Table 11: Dielectric Measurements Completed During the April SIR-C/X-SAR Mission in the column "e' vs. Depth." Measurements were made approximately at 1-2 mm intervals until several mm past the cambium, then every 5 mm, and increasing to every 10 mm for large individuals. For this and the other two sampling procedures, data were collected using portable dielectric probes (P, L, and C-bands) coupled with 29

Table 11: Dielectric Measurements Completed during the April SIR-C Project Speces Size e'vs Depth e' vs Time e' pe Stane Class _ Date Stand Probe Filename Date Stand Probe Filename Date Stand Probe Filename Beech mature NA NA 4/17/94 86 P148 redga C127 rcdga Beech pole 4/3/94 31 L102 rad3ae 4/3/94 31 C103 rbd3ae 4/9/94 31 P148 red9a 4/11/94 31 C127C rcdaa C127 rcd9a P148X redaa Bigtooth Aspen mature 4/5/94 34 L102 radSae 4/5/94 34 C103 rbd5ae 4/10/94 34 P148 redba. (Azimuthal C127 rcdba sampling) Bigtooth Aspen sapling NA NA 4/12/94 34 P148 redba C127 rcdba Black Spruce pole 4/5/94 32 L102 rad5ae 4/5/94 32 C127 rcd5ae 4/15/94 32 P148 redeb 4/15/94 C127 rcdebe C127 rcdeb Jack Pine mature 4/4/94 23 L102 rad4ae 4/4/94 23 P148 red4ae 4/16/94 24 P148 redfb C127 rcdfb Jack Pine sapling NA NA 4/14/94 36 P148 reddb C127 rcdda N. White-Cedar mature 4/5/94 32 L102 rad5ae 4/5/94 32 P148 red5a 4/15/94 32 P148 redea 4/15/94 C127 rcdebe C127 rcdea Red Maple mature 4/394 31 L102 rad3ae NA 4/9/94 31 P148 red9a C127 rcd9a Red Pine mature 4/4/94 23 L102 rad4ae 4/4/94 23 C103 rbd4ae 4/14/94 43 P148 redda C127 rcdda Red Pine sapling NA NA 4/14/94 22 P148 redda C127 rcdda Sugar Maple mature 4/3/94 31 L102 rad3ae NA NA Sugar Maple pole NA 4/3/94 31 C120 rdd3ae 4/12/94 31 P148 redba C127 rcdba White Pine mature 414/94 23 L102 rad4ae 4/4/94 23 C127 rod4a 4/16/94 23, P148 redfa C127 rcdfa 30

programmable HP calculators [5]. Each probe measurement results in an estimate of e' and e" the real and imaginary parts respectively of the complex dielectric constant. In this case data were taken in the field as reflection coefficients and later converted to e. Because the L-band probe failed on April 6, only the detailed depth profiles completed between April 3-5 used the L-band probe. Unusually low values in the profiles for black spruce and northern whitecedar on April 5 are attributed to equipment failure (see Appendix E). The temperature of the air and interior bole was taken for each tree measured. Figure 2 gives the dielectric depth profile of sugar maple and white pine taken April 3 and 4 at L-band. Appendix E provides a complete set of the plots. While making dielectric depth measurements, two additional methodology issues arose. Because it was possible that bole freeze/thaw status could vary by the trunk azimuth (e.g., south facing vs. north facing) an effort to be consistent in the side of the tree measured was adopted. In general most trees were measured on the south side. Maple trees had flowing sap and this posed some logistical problems. An attempt was made to swab the sap out of the drilled holes, but this practice did not seem to make a difference and so it was later abandoned. 2.3.2 Temporal Variance in Dielectric To meet objective two it was necessary to determine if the dielectric changed as a function of time at least through the time range of the overflights and, if possible, throughout a 24 hr. cycle. It was expected that while in a latewinter state where there was not an extreme diurnal change in air and soil temperature and humidity, there might be a diurnal trend in bole moisture status in some species. If there was a significant change, most likely during the day as trees warmed, other tree dielectric measurements would require adjustment with respect to time of day to reflect the moisture status at the time a particular overflight. To test this, dielectric probes were attached to trees and programmed to take measurements every 15 minutes from early morning through late afternoon (the range of overflight times). One tree, a large polesize beech was monitored over a 24-hour cycle. The species, size classes, and probes used on the trees monitored for diurnal trends are listed in the third column (e' vs. Time) of Table 1 1. Figure 3 shows e' as a function of time (1 1 a.m. - 5 p.m. EDT) for two species, sugar maple and red pine. The actively 31

Figure 2: Dielectric Depth Profiles: Sugar Maple and White Pine at L-band C I I ONr Ik A l-% l I -. * - 35 - 3uycr ivicJpit-iaiuure dbh= 27 cm 30 April 3, 1994 25 20 C 15 5 IA -%A A 0 0 3A ---- -- - - 0 25 50 75 100 Depth (mm) 25 White Pine-mature dbh= 35 cm April 4, 1994 20 15 10 -, --— A, — L 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Depth (mm) 32

Figure 3: Temporal Variance in Dielectric: Sugar Maple and Red Pine at C-band Sugar Maple Stand #31 April 3,1994 12.5 -10 - I) 7.5 -5 -2.5 1 * S,Po -...... f, %,. %. -... %:...... % % -.. 1% - I - T I I 1 12 13 I 1 14 15 I I 18 16 17 18 Time (hour EDT) Red Pine Stand # 23 April 4,1994 40 -30 -20 -10 - nII. v I I I 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 14 15 16 17 Time (hour EDT) 33

Table 12: Summary of Dielectric Properties by Species Size/Age Class DATE STAND SPECIES SIZECLASS DEPTH P-BAND C-ANDO ' Avg. depth Avg. dbh Avg depth Avg dSbh (ram}. (_e.e ', Stddev ' ' Stddlev otress ) a(cm Stddbev ' a' Stddev I of trees (mm) cm) 4.17.1994 8 6 Beech mature Bark 4.2 2.7 0.4 0.4 7 0 35.0 5.1 2.2 0.5 0 5 9 0 38 Camblum 27.8 3.6 5.5 0.7 7 5 37.1 6.5 2.1 30 13 9 5 39 3 Xylem 15.2 1.3 2.1 0.3 9 28 39.8 9.2 1.7 3.5 04 o 28a 39 2 4.09.1994 31 Beech pole Bark 3.9 1.0 0.9 1.2 5 0 14.1 4.7 1.0 05 02 6 0 13 Cambium 2.6 0.6 1.1 1.9 4 3 13.0 2.7 0.6 0.2 02 6 2 13 f Xylem 6.3 1.2 0.6 0.6 4 16 12.1 6.0 2.2 1.8 09 5 11 1 3 4.12.1994 34 Blgtooth Aspen sapllng Bark 7.5 2.0 0.8 0.3 5 0 7.0 86.3 3.2 1.7 1 1 6 o0 9 Xylem 11.0 5.3 1.4 0.9 6 17 6.9 8.8 1.8 30 1.1 6 17 A 9 1.01.1900 34 Bg19tooth Aspen mature Bark 1.9 0.3 0.1 0.4 12 0 30.7 2.9 0.0 0 0 0 0 12 0 30 Cambium 8.9 1.2 0.7 0.7 12 6 6.4 7.2 0.7 1.2 06 12 6 307 Xylem 14.1 0.4 1.2 0.4 12 22 6.4 10.7 0.4 33 04 2 22 130 4.15.1994 32 Black Spruce pole Bark 10.7 2.4 10 0 3.4 1.3 1.0 0 2 1o0 0 773 Cambium 10.7 1.6 10 7 7.5 1.4 34 02 1 0 3 1 7 Xylem 11.0 1.5 10 24 5.1 1.5 1.9 05 Io 22 7 71 4.16.1994 24 Jadk Pine mature Bark 4.4 0.8 0.2 0.2 10 0 23.6 3.0 1.0 08 a 0 4 9 0 2' 3 Cambium 40.8 7.3 6.2 1.4 9 6 23.5 Xylem 17.0 2.5 1.9 0.5 9 32 23.5 6.3 1.0 3.5 02 10 12 236 4.14.1994 36 Jack Pine sapling Bark 2.4 1.4 0.2 0.2 10 0 8.2 3.4 1.4 0.4 1 4 9 0 82 Cambium 33.1 3.6 8.5 1.5 9 2 8.2 8.8 1.4 3.0 03 6 2 86 Xylem 9.3 3.5 1.4 0.5 10 31 8.2 0.2 0.2 0 1 0 1 10 31 A 4.15.1994 32 NWhle Cedar mature Bark 13.4 7.6 1.7 0.9 10 0 26.6 7.5 2.2 2.3 0 9 10 0 -2R Cambium 31.8 4.4 6.1 2.5 10 6 27.3 6.0 1.1 33 0 7 10 6 27 3 Xylem 4.9 1.9 0.8 0.4 9 43 28.8 5.5 2.4 1.4 08 9 43 28 1 4.09.1994 31 Red Maple mature Bark 1.8 0.4 0.6 0.9 9 0 26.6 2.3 1.0 0.3 0o2 7 -0 4 Cambium 30.1 10.8 2.6 1.5 7 7 27.1 6.7 2.2 22 1 1 7 6 270 Xylem 30.3 5.8 2.9 1.2 8 38 27.5 6.1 1.9 2.7 06 9 31A 28 4.14.1994 43 Red Pine mature Bark 7.1 3.4 0.8 0.3 6 0 34.3 5.7 1.4 1 0.4 1 0 34 1 Cambium 13.4 4.3 1.7 0.5 9 22 33.9 8.7 1.3 3.2 06 10 Xylem 16.6 6.0 1.7 0.8 4 23 32.6 6.1 2.2 3,4 09 10 82 34 4.14.1994 22 Red Pine apling Bark 4.2 1.3 0.8 0.3 8 0 11.4 3.5 1~3 07 04 10 0 1t Cambilum 39.8 3.6 7.4 2.0 8 3 10.7 5.9 2.3 32 0 4 0 I 1 I Xylem 14.6 4.2 2.0 0.8 8 24 12.0 10.8 20 39 09 10 2 I 'I 4.12.1994 31 Sugar Maple pole Bark 2.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 8 0 18.0 2.6 10 0 3 0 2 1 O i Cambium 40.3 6.8 4.6 0.5 7 5 18.1 3.6 1 8 26 04 10 Xylem 39.6 3.6 4.1 0.8 9 21 17.6 4.6 1.3 2 6 03 9 22 '2 7 4.16.1994 23 White Pine mature Bark 3.7 1.1 0. 0.3 9 0 34.7 3.2 14 7 0 4 9 0 1 Cambium 37.7 5.6 7.0 1.0 61 11 35.1 4.0 2 8 34 0 3 2 ', f ' Xylem 18.6 3.5 2.9 0.6 10 42 35.1 6.2 1.4 34 0 7 10 42 1 I

photosynthesizing red pine shows a rise in e' throughout the course of the afternoon. Plots for all trees measured can be found in Appendix F. 2.3.3 Dielectric Properties by Species Size/Age Class To meet the third objective, dielectric measurements were taken during the mission to determine how e' varied by species and size/age class. Measurements were taken at each of two (P, C) wavelengths at three different depths (outer bark, cambium, and xylem). This was done for up to 10 trees of each size/age class selected (sapling 2.5 - 12.4 cm, pole 12.5 - 24 cm, and mature > 25 cm), for each of the nine tree species of interest. The 13 species size/age classes, and the nine test stands sampled are given in Table 11, in the column "e' per Stand." The expectation was that the dielectric constant would be highest for the cambium layer even during the early April time period. In general, this was confirmed as detailed in Table 12: Summary of Dielectric Properties by Species Size/Age Class. Table 12 provides the following measurements for each species size/age class at three depths (bark, cambium, and xylem) for both P and C-bands: average e' (dielectric constant, real part), average e" (dielectric constant, imaginary part), the standard deviations for both e' and e", the number of trees sampled, average depth to bark, cambium, and xylem, and average diameter of the trees sampled. Note that while each tree was measured at the three depths, occasional probe measurements were not good, thus the number of trees sampled and average diameter may be different at each depth for a species size/age class. 2.4 WEATHER DATA The SIR-C/X-SAR mission occurred during a time of rapidly changing weather conditions. To analyze a specific image or detect change over the mission time frame in several images, weather data, especially precipitation, would be needed as outlined in the following table. 35

Table 13: Weather Data: Hypotheses, Objectives, and Methods Hypothesis | Objective Method 1. Precipitation will vary 1. Acquire precipitation 1. Deploy a network of 21 over the 20 km x 20 km data at a level of detail precipitation gauges and primary target area during sufficient for contouring take measurements after any given precipitation incident total precipitation each precipitation event. event. over the 20 km x 20 km primary target area. 2. Forest canopies 2. Determine precipitation 2. Locate five rain intercept a percentage of interception for each of gauges under each forest total precipitation with five forest communities community and locate an interception percent de- present in the test site. additional five of the 21 pendent upon species gauges in adjacent open composition. areas. 3. Other weather 3. Collect data on wind 3. Acquire daily weather parameters will also vary speed, air pressure, maps from NOAA and over the mission duration humidity, and precipitation. hourly weather reports and will be useful in image (wind, pressure, humidity, and ground data analysis. and precipitation) from the Smithers station at t_____he Raco Airfield. The array of 21 gauges was designed with 16 deployed in a 4 x 4 array in forest clearings. The remaining 5 were placed such that one was within each type of forest community (red pine, jack pine, lowland conifer, northern hardwoods, and aspen) and paired with gauges in nearby or adjacent clearings. All gauge locations were chosen for ease of access by all weather roads and trails. Monitoring of the precipitation gauges extended over the period April 3 to 16. The gauge locations are shown on the map SIR-C/X-SAR Precipitation Gauge Network. The equal likelihood of experiencing rain or snow, necessitated a rain gauge design that could accommodate both types of precipitation at a minimal cost. The solution was a collection of 42 large, 6" diameter empty coffee cans, complete with lids. To prevent evaporation, each can was prepared by pouring in a thin layer of vegetable oil on the bottom. Cans were then weighed and mounted on top of 6' lengths of re-bar driven into the ground at 21 locations. Each can had taped to it a 5-6" piece of 3/4" PVC plumbing pipe with the top end plugged up with foam and a piece of duct tape. With this setup, it was possible to mount the cans on top of each re-bar by placing the attached PVC pipe over the tip of the bar. Thus, after a precipitation event, cans could be quickly covered and brought back to home for weighing, and new cans brought 36

1 0n O O z -M - l ii - - l- i - -1 EU, 85W 66 4568ooo0000m E. 30 70 s4'20'w Zone 16T Clarke 1866 (NAD 27) SIR-C Precipitation Gauge Network Raco, Michigan, April, 1994 Kilometers 10 0 10 20 30 Miles 10 0 10 20 Gauges in open U Gauges under forest canopy m m

to the field as replacements. The time required to pick up all 21 cans was a minimum of 4 hours.. Summary data for the precipitation gauges is presented in Table 15: Precipitation (cm of water) during the SIR-C/X-SAR Experiment, and includes gps derived rain gauge coordinates, precipitation amounts for each precipitation event, and total precipitation for the period April 3 - 16. Table 14: Table 14: Intercepted Precipitation Gauge Community Type Stand # Gauge In Net Difference Under Associated in Total Precipitation Canopy Clearing (4/3 4/10 in cm 17 Aspen Sapling 33 6 +0.396 18 Northern Hardwoods 31 6 -0.520' ('4/14-4/16) 19 Lowland Conifer 32 4 -2.339 20 Jack Pine 24 13 -0.521 21 Red Pine 43 8 -1.213 Intercepted Precipitation provides the paired rain gauge locations and net difference in precipitation. Appendix G gives hourly data for wind, temperature, humidity, and precipitation as reported from the Smithers station at the Raco Airfield. Figure 4: Temperature and Monthly Precipitation, April 1 - April 20 is a plot of the temperature and cumulative monthly precipitation data in Appendix G. Appendix H consists of Michigan daily precipitation maps showing the geographical extent of any precipitation events during the mission period. 39

Table 15: Precipitation (cm of water) during the SIR-C Experiment CO Gauges in Total Precipitation Clearings UTMCoordinates 4/3 - 4/7 4/7 - 4/13 4/13 - 4/14 4/14-4/16 (4/3 to 4/16) RG01 653398.85 5124818.76 0.801 ***. **. 1.345 RG02 652479.55 5134204.71 0.954 0.712 1.495 1.023 4.184 RG03 647640.57 5149001.97 1.013 0.388 1.546 0.852 3.798 RG04 656312.88 5148039.79 1.248 0.382 1.520 0.912 4.062 RG05 660790.98 5146916.28 1.200 0.357 1.554 0.920 4.031 RG06 660899.85 5143693.21 0.909 0.452 1.507 1.074 3.941 RG07 658631.58 5140861.27 1.084 0.543 1.604 1.112 4.344 RG08 660763.18 5134753.08 0.790 0.662 ** 2.553 4.005 RG09 661386.03 5116773.78 0.621 1.168 1.396 1.586 4.771 RG10 670155.78 5146167.49 0.962 0.616 1.431 0.854 3.863 RG11 668914.72 5135953.98 0.581 0.616 1.456 1.104 3.757 RG12 668993.52 5131243.72 0.752 0.659 1.448 1.326 4.185 RG13 673771.39 5141224.64 0.651 0.543 1.561 1.373 4.128 RG14 675229.71 5118710.74 0.868 0.885 1.573 1.500 4.827 RG15 686746.80 5138424.14 0.731 0.476 1.609 RG16 683283.12 5122152.11 0.864 0.777 1.579 1.436 4.656 Average: 0.877 0.616 1.520 1.265 4.182 Std. Dev: 0.195 0.215 0.067 0.431 0.348 Gauges under Net Precipitation Canopy UTM Coordinates 4/3 - 4/7 4/7 - 4/13 4/13 - 4/14 4/14-4/16 (4/3 to 4/16) RG17 660858.628 5143738.68 1.031 0.431 1.957 0.918 4.337 RG18 660872.907 5143976.052 0.988 0.091 0.554 RG19 656312.071 5147989.564 0.258 0.086 1.086 0.292 1.723 RG20 673850.986 5138062.151 0.599 0.461 1.563 0.984 3.607 RG21 658456.838 5134201.062 0.421 0.404 1.372 0.595 2.792 Average: 0.659 0.295 1.495 0.669 3.115 Std. Dev: 0.342 0.189 0.365 0.284 1.122 Net Precipitation All Gauges UTM Coordinates 4/3 - 4/7 4/7 - 4/13 4/13 - 4/14 4/14-4/16 (4/3 to 4/16) Average: 0.825 0.536 1.514 1.116 3.945 Std. Dev: 0.247 0.249 0.165 0.473 0.723 **** = data not available for this period ** = data recorded 4/16 represents precipitation acumulation from 4/13/ - 4/16

Figure 4: Temperature and Monthly Rain April 1 - April 20 -, E 0.t5 - c CL 0 2 2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 - - 20 -10 - Ca) 0 L., E 0) HL - -10 --- II 1 I1-p - -- - - -.... -20 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 2 I I I I I I I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920 Day of Month * -- Monthly Precipitation (cm) Temperature (~C) (* Note: data missing for 4/11 - 4/13) 41

3 References 1Structure, Composition and above-ground biomass of SIR-C/ERS-1 sample stands at Pellston and Raco, Michigan, USA, 1990-91. 2Structure, Composition and above-ground biomass of SIR-C/ERS-1 sample stands at Raco, Michigan, USA, 1992. 3Structure, Composition and above-ground biomass of SIR-C/ERS-1 sample stands at Raco, Michigan, USA, 1993. 4 Kendra, J. R., F.T. Ulaby, and K. Sarabandi, Snow Probe for In Situ Determination of Wetness and Density, IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing, 1994, In Press. 5 Brunfeldt, D.R. Manual for Portable Dielectric Probe, Applied Microwave Corp: Lawrence, KS, January 1989. 43

I

APPENDIX A: SNOW WETNESS AND DENSITY AT CRYDERMAN FIELD SNOW PITS

I

Snow Wetness and Density April 9, 1994 4/9194 Unshaded —Pre-Overfliaht 4/9/94 Shaded-Pre-Overfliaht.... - --... T......; -:-, --- — - Average ht. above Moisture Density ground(cm) (%vol.) (g/cm3) 47.0 5.00 0.39 43.2 5.30 0.46 36.8 4.80 0.45 29.2 4.90 0.42 Averages: 5.00 0.43 4/9/94 Unshaded —During Overflight Average ht. above Moisture Density ground(cm) (%vol.) (g/cm3) 47.0 6.20 0.39 43.2 4.10 0.48 36.9 4.20 0.49 29.2 4.80 0.49 21.6 4.00 0.39 11.4 2.80 0.32 Averages: 4.35 0.43 Average ht. above Moisture Density ground(cm) (%vol.) (g/cm3) 41.9 5.10 0.52 38.1 3.50 0.48 31.8 3.80 0.59 24.1 2.70 0.33 Averages: 3.78 0.48 4/9/94 Shaded —During Overflight Average ht. above Moisture Density ground(cm) (%vol.) (g/cm3) 41.9 5.10 0.40 38.1 4.40 0.53 31.8 5.80 0.61 24.1 1.70 0.33 16.5 4.90 0.32 6.4 4.10 0.31 Averages: 4.33 0.42

Snow Wetness and Density April 10, 1994 N 4/10/94 Unshaded - Pr-Overflight Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density qround(cm) qround(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d.* 43.2 45.7 6.72 1.48 0.40 0.07 38.1 43.2 6.84 1.33 0.42 0.06 30.5 38.1 6.07 1.99 0.41 0.03 22.9 30.5 4.86 1.30 0.43 0.03 15.2 22.9 0.0 15.2___ Averages: 6.12 1.53 0.42 0.05 4/10/94 Unshaded -- During Ov Overflight Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (q/cm3) s.d.* 43.2 45.7 6.86 1.59 0.40 0.06 38.1 43.2 6.62 0.67 0.51 0.09 30.5 38.1 5.55 0.82 0.43 0.11 22.9 30.5 6.04 1.74 0.47 0.03 15.2 22.9 3.86 1.26 0.38 0.06 0.0 15.2 3.64 1.25 0.36 0.06 Averages: 5.43 1.22 0.42 0.07 4/10/94 Shaded -- Pre-Overflight Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (q/cm3) s.d. 38.1 40.7 5.18 1.10 0.35 0.08 33.0 38.1 4.68 0.51 0.48 0.04 25.4 33.0 3.45 1.44 0.39 0.09 17.8 25.4 4.50 1.87 0.34 0.06 10.2 17.8 7.20 2.17 0.32 0.04 0.0 10.2 5.12 2.17 0.32 0.13 Averages: 5.02 1.54 0.37 0.07 4/10/94 Shaded - During Overflight Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) qround(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d.' 38.1 40.7 5.14 1.43 0.41 0.13 33.0 38.1 4.40 1.20 0.55 0.06 25.4 33.0 4.90 2.60 0.47 0.10 17.8 25.4 3.34 1.26 0.39 0.04 10.2 17.8 4.80 1.11 0.33 0.05 0.0 10.2 5.60 1.00 0.33 0.13 Averages: 4.70 1.43 0.41 0.08 * here s.d. represents the "uncertainty in the estimate of the mean" and is computed as: s.d. =-Fn

Snow Wetness and Density April 11, 1994 4/11/94 Unshaded Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d.* 43.2 45.8 3.5 1.2 0.46 0.04 38.1 43.2 1.2 1.4 0.42 0.05 30.5 38.1 1.0 0.4 0.45 0.05 22.9 30.5 0.7 0.2 0.42 0.07 15.2 22.9 3.1 1.5 0.38 0.05 0.0 15.2 2.5 1.2 0.36 0.03 Averages: 2.0 1.0 0.42 0.05 4/11/94 Shaded Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d.* 35.5 38.1 2.6 0.8 0.45 0.04 30.5 35.7 0.9 0.4 0.58 0.07 2.9 30.5 0.8 0.2 0.38 0.05 15.2 22.9 0.9 0.3 0.30 0.02 7.6 15.2 5.5 1.0 0.35 0.02 0.0 7.6 3.3 1.5 0.26 0.06 Averages: 2.3 0.7 0.39 0.04 * here s.d. represents the "uncertainty In the estimate of the mean" and is computed as: s.d.= -

Snow Wetness and Density April 13, 1994 4/13/94 Unshaded -- Pre-Overfli ht Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d.* 30.5 33.0 4.5 1.1 0.43 0.04 25.4 30.5 3.9 1.0 0.38 0.11 17.8 25.4 5.1 0.5 0.38 0.03 10.2 17.8 4.8 1.2 0.41 0.03 0.0 10.2 4.3 0.7 0.42 0.07 Averages: 4.5 0.9 0.40 0.06 4/13/94 Unshaded - During Overflight Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. (g/cm3) s.d.* 30.5 33.0 3.7 0.6 0.44 0.05 25.4 30.5 4.4 0.7 0.45 0.03 17.8 25.4 10.2 17.8 __ 0.0 10.2 __ Averages: 4.1 0.7 0.45 0.04 4/13/94 Shaded -- Pre-Overflight Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d.' 30.5 33.0 3.4 0.4 0.48 0.09 25.4 30.5 2.8 0.9 0.40 0.18 17.8 25.4 2.4 0.5 0.35 0.07 10.2 17.8 4.6 1.2 0.34 0.08 0.0 10.2 4.1 0.9 0.35 0.05 Averages: 3.4 0.8 0.38 0.09 4/13/94 Shaded -- During Overflight Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d. 30.5 33.0 2.7 0.4 0.45 0.07 25.4 30.5 2.2 0.7 0.41 0.08 17.8 25.4 2.6 0.3 0.40 0.06 10.2 17.8_______ 0.0 10.2_ Averages: 2.5 0.5 0.42 0.07 iiiiii * here s.d. represents the "uncertainty In the estimate of the mean" and is computed as: s.d.= -=

Snow Wetness and Density April 14, 1994 4/14/94 Unshaded Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d. 28.0 30.5 2.6 0.5 0.41 0.02 22.9 28.0 4.5 0.7 0.40 0.04 15.2 22.9 4.5 1.3 0.35 0.04 7.6 15.2 4.8 2.4 0.45 0.10 0.0 _ 7.6 3.2 0.9 0.36 0.03 Averages: 3.9 1.1 0.39 0.05 4/14/94 Shaded Bottom ht. Top ht. above above Moisture Moisture Density Density ground(cm) ground(cm) (% vol.) s.d. * (g/cm3) s.d. 28.0 30.5 2.9 0.6 0.43 0.06 22.9 28.0 1.7 0.2 0.42 0.02 15.2 22.9 1.8 0.2 0.37 0.02 7.6 15.2 2.7 0.9 0.34 0.05 0.0 7.6 2.3 0.5 0.36 0.03 Averages: 2.3 0.5 0.38 0.04 C, * here s.d. represents the "uncertainty in the estimate of the mean' and is computed as: s.d.= a Vn

APPENDIX B: SNOW PIT WETNESS AND DENSITY PLOTS

E u, -4 0 Snow Density. Shaded vs. Unshaded. Datatake I (4/9/94) I 00 090... Shadc 0.80 *0.. Unsi ', 0 70 0.60 0 50.. ~ * 0.40 a 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 co Q 4) c v E:3 6 r_ v t! 41 100 M1. Shaded vs. Unshaded. Datatake I j ' It 12 0 I — r- -. I - - I r. - ` I 0.0 L. 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 Snow height above ground (inches) 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 Snow height above ground (inches) Snow Density, Unshaded, Datatake 1 (4/9/94) E ii C 4) 0 Snow Density, Shaded, Datatake 1 (4/9/94) 1.00 0.90 - Pwt-Ovuflnght 0.90 0.80 ~ I o ---~ overfghi 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30.-. --- —-...... --- —. 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 o) s 4) t Lu - 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0. I n e1 a... Ofcrlimhi.0 I I I0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 Snow height above ground (inches) 24.0 Snow height above ground (inches) 12.(1 Mv. Unshaded, Datatake 1 (4/9/94) - - - - I.. — l ---- I I I IT - Puovrflgght Ovaf igflhl 4) co 'C 4) 0 E 4) C) 4) E E 10.0 8.0 F 12.0 I —, 10.0 4) 6.0 co rr 4.0 4) '. E 2.0 M., Shaded, Datatake 1 (4/9/94) I- - I. I ' I 1 I I I I --- Ptovcrflsght L —. --- 4 vemgligh I 6.0 ~ a 6.0...... 1 - 4.0 I 0j. 2.0 1 1 - Ii. I U I 240 16 0 %I, 4 0.0 II, - I -- I -I _ I 0.0 40.0 120 160 20.0 24.0 0.0 L 0.( I - - - -. I - 3 4.0 80 120 Snow height above ground (inches) Snow height above ground t inclihcs BI

Snow Densirtv Shaded vs Unshaded. Datatake 2 (4/10/94) I100 080 o L sNruldCA! I 0 870 Unshhs& - 0 70 M. Shaded vs Unshaded. Datrauake 2 k Jh' 120r1 - I I. - I C. v C) 0 60 -0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.0 c u.c 0= a. E 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 - Shadae - a - - Unshaded C..,a 9. — -I. 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 0.0 L. 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 2 Snow height above ground (inches) Snow height above ground (inches) Snow Density, Shaded, Datatake 2 (4/10/94) 00 C..4) E 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00.-9 PrM-overflight *.a. --- Ovrflight.00 01 z 10.0 4) co U 8.0 6.0 0 c 1) 4.0 E 2.0 I F 12.0 Mv, Shaded, Datatake 2 (4/10/94) I II - I.. — Pm-overflight a.. *0craih I. 1F F ).0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 0.0II - I..I 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24 Snow height above ground (inches) Snow height above ground (inches) Snow Density, Unshaded, Datatake 2 (4/10/94) Mv, Unshaded, Datatake 2 (4/10/94) - - Ir -. I i E C 4) I") 1.0 0.8 0.. QYCvf floghI 0.8 ~- -— o --- Overflight 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 4 I - - - - - - - - hi Io 0..-O — PItCoVCd~lmgha * —0-. Ovcrflight L. 4L) U C1 u.a 4.) U a 4) a.. E 10.0 F 8.0 F 12.0 6.0 F 0I 4.0 F a ---- 2.0 k - - - I -- - L - - - 12.0 160 20.0 2BC 0.0 I. I. I 120I 0.0 40( g0 12.0 Silo.. h',Olt abhove ground (inches) Snow height above grotii,': B2

Snow Denisily, Shaded vs. Unshaded, No Datatake (4/11/94) 0).90 -0 ---- Shaded I ] 0.80..,... Unshaded i 0.70 - Mv, Shaded vs. Unshaded, No Datatake (4/11/94) i 2.O r I, I - I.. -. I I - - - I E 0 L/) wV 0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 -0.0.10..40...0. 0.............a I. -.. — I.. - I... I.. -. ---I.. —.- - S... 4.) CIO 41) 0 4.) 4) E 8.0 F 1 0.0 F -0 --- Shaded * ----Unshaded 6.0 4.0 F 0 0*"**" 2.0 F * d. I -.. I... I... I --- 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 Snow hreight above ground (inches) L.0 0.0 I -........ I.. .. ... - - 24.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 Snow height above ground (inches) 24.0

Srv, 1)'rsI',. Sti;dc,.:, s Unshadd. [)Datarakc 3 (4/13/94) ) 80F o LUnshaJ c 0 70 - 00 - 050 - 0 40- - 0 30 - 0 20 - 010 - 0.00 -. 00 4.0 8 0 12.0 160 20.0 24.0 M. Shaded vs. Unshaded. Dalatake.4'1 '. i2U I.) 0 E 100 80 6.0 -0a- -- Unshaded 0- eh 0 4.0 - \.. I, z.U 0.0 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20 0 24 Snow height above ground (inches) Snow height above ground (inches) MV, Shaded, Datatake 3 (4/13/94) E C 0 ~. n S 1.00 - 0.90 - 0.80 0.70 - 0.60 - 0.50 - 040 - 0.30 - 0.20 0.10 0.00 - 0.0 - - I.. I I I... - --- Overflight - o --- Posi-overflighi I -. - -T ---- - - I now Density, Shaded, Datatake 3 (4/13/94) - -_ 12.0 - 10.0 o 8.0 I -C 6.0 v 4.0 E 2. -G- Overflight *-e-.- Po-overflighi --. \It -I -,. I * *, I - -. I I --- I.. - I - - - II I I I I I _ I.. I I I... I I.....- —. - ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ I..... {... 4.0 8.0 12.0 160 20.0 Snow height above ground (inches) - - - 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 24.0 Snow height above ground (inches) E 00 co U(A Snow Density, Unshaded, Datatake 3 (4/13/94) 1.0. - - - - - 0.9 - -o- Overfi ght 0.8 - o- Posi-ovcrflight 0.7 - 0.6 - 0.5 - 0.4 0.3 - 0.2 - 0.1 -.. --- —------. J ---- - - i -.t... -_-._.._-. 00 00 4. 0 I -) 2 () 16 24 12.0 - 10.0 3 o 8.0 5 4.0.0 0 E 2.0 F Mv, Unshaded, Datatake 3 (4/13/94) - I.. I. I I..- - - Overflight -— 0 --- Pos.-ovrflight - El I I I 0.0 0. 1.. i 0 4 0 8s.0 I 0 - - ) __12.0 16 () J) ( 2,1 0 Sn(%v hel=t bv b2I~l nwhnh b~- rui sllo"%- height above ground Onch,,:'O B4

Snow Density, Shaded vs. Unshaded, Datatake 4 (4/14/94) M 12.0 r V), Shaded vs. Unshaded, 1)atatake it1(4/14/94) -1 ~ 9 i ' 1- T- - - C',. C) 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10o 0. 00 OA A t 4.) 0 8.0 6.0 0 4.0 E 2.0 t ---— o- ShadcAd I — 0-a.. UnshadcdJ.,... q 1-F 1-F. 1 -...t. I -. II. - I 3 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20 0 240( 04( 0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 Snow height above ground (inches)Snwhihabvgrud(ces Snow height above ground (inches)

APPENDIX C: SNOW AND SOIL RESULTS FOR CLEARINGS AND FOREST STANDS: PHASE 1

I I1 Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil Soil wet Soil dry Soil water Soil Sol water Soil bulk So- ' number depth wt. (g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) w t. (g) (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. gig) Location: Date: Time: Air temperature (~C): Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear frarftinn' Cryderman Field 4/3/94 11:05 AM 1.6 1 NA NA 2 NA NA 3 NA NA 4 NA NA 5 NA NA 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.nn 95.78 12.56 19.47 36.60 56.45 n 90.65 29.51 66.27 1.81 10.75 10.38 9.09 8.99 27.61 25.71 30.74 45.25 4540n 0.69 0.86 0.47 0.75 0.54 n.n 0.44 0.11 0.35 0.69 0.20 0.02 0.40 0.22 2.25 5.94 088 3.07 10.5 +/- 4.1 0.1 0.51 0.43 1.20 N0.66 A i nn Sample (column) averajes: 0.0 0.64 0.46 0.32 2.39 NOTES: CRYDERMAN FIELD: Flattened down hayfield; material is 5 - 15 cm thick, ground seems to be frozen, very shallow layer of snow and ice Sample #2: sample Is almost exclusively Ice. Sample # 3: have about 7.5 cm of pure ice on top of ground (collected?) Sample #4: 7 cm of vegetation plus wet Ice; below this much water Sample #5: 4 cm of Ice, freeze layer at least 15 cm here C1

I I Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil Soil wet Soi dry Soil water Soil Soilwater oi u number depth wt. (g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt g'g) Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Clearing #3 (at Raco airfield) 4/6/94 10.07AM -0.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 8.00 124.00 1.53 21.00 422.60 5.21 16.50 399.50 4.93 34.00 1058.00 13.05 52.00 1374.00 16.95 41.00 1118.30 13.79 0.19 0.25 0.30 0.38 0.33 0.34 2.4 NA NA NA 2.0 NA 128.72 87.34 41.38 0.32 103.11 69.10 34.01 0.33 125.87 81.72 44.15 0.35 96.23 69.61 26.62 0.28 128.91 95.33 33.58 0.26 105.24 66.65 38.59 0.37 0.33 0.27 0.35 0.26 0.69 0.55 0.65 0.69 0.47 0.49 0 54 0 38 18.4+/-14.0 0.95 0.30 0.84 035 NA NA 058 Sample (column) averages: 28.75 9.24 0.30 12.2 0.32 0.30 0.69 0.47 - NOTES: CLEARING #3: Crushed down wheat. Snow mixed up with the wheat/grass Sample # 1: -9 cm of snow on top of 18 cm of solid ice Sample #2: More snow (-20 cm), less ice, (-13cm) Sample #3: Very well defined ice layer beneath snow; 4 cm snow, then 13 cm very coarse icy snow, then 9 cm ice Sample #4: Ice layer only 2.4 cm thick here Sample #5: Wetness between snow and ice (1 cm) layers. Soil seems to be frozen Sample #6: Very similar to sample 5, ice - 2 cm C2

I I Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil Soil wet Soil dry Soil water Soil Soil water Soil bulk Soi number depth wt. (g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt g/g) Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fr~rtinn Clearing by stands 33 & 34 4/3/94 5.06pm 6.2 1 2 3 4 46.00 36.00 40.00 36.00 1375.40 1201.40 1383.70 1229.20 16.96 14.82 17.07 15.16 0.37 0.41 0.43 0.42 0.5 NA NA NA 108.15 94.01 32.72 28.69 90.64 31.38 19.07 20.25 17.51 62.63 13.65 8.44 0.16 0.67 0.42 0.29 0.14 0.45 0.56 0.37 0.72 0.23 0.78 0.88 0.19 2.00 0.72 0.42 37.2+/-6.7 I Sample (column) averages: 39.50 16.00 0.41 [0.5 0.38 0.38 0.65 0.83 - NOTES: CLEARING BY STANDS 33 & 34 Sample #3: 3 cm of ice on top, didn't collect; Below frozen solid but also lots of water on top Sample #4: 1 cm ice on top not collected; Ground totally frozen, little or no wetness observed C3

I II - Snow Soil. Sample Snow snow Snow water Snow number depth wt. (g) equivalent density (cm) (cm) (g/cm3). CO -.-I r _ - - -- V son oii wet soil ory oll water Soil Soil water Soil bulk SoTi temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. g/g) I1 Location Clearing 4 (near fish hatchery) 4/5/94 2:45pm 1 40.00 1125.10 13.88 0.35 1.9 62.08 15.55 46.53 0.75 5.8 123.04 102.11 20.93 0.17 Date Time 2 0.53 0.18 2.99 0.17 0.81 0.20 0.50 0.27 1.85 Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviaton Transect snow linear fraction 4.1 3 26.00 676.00 8.34 4 31.50 936.30 11.55 5 21.00 447.50 5.52 0.32 0.37 0.26 NA 67.43 23.63 43.80 2.1 157.64 125.44 32.20 0.65 30.7+/-12.5 0.91 6 0.20 0.26 1.00 026 Sample (column) 1 _ averages: 29.63 9.82 0.32 13.3 0.44 0.36 0.56 1.33 - NOTES: CLEARING #4 (near fish hatchery) Sample #2: Occurs in an island' of very torn-up irregular terrain; appears like the result of heavy machinery; variable litter, not collected; ground is pure sand, very moist Sample #3: Adjacent to an area like #2, except have snow cover here; cannot find ground as its covered with a tangle of tree trunks Sample #4: Frozen soil, difficult to reach due to a massive amount of trees/twigs Sample #5: Over some trunks, so no sample collected Sample #6: Same as sample #5 C4

I I i Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil Soil wet Soil dry Soil water Soil Soil water Soil bulk Soil ' number depth wt.(g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. g/g) Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 22 4/6/94 12:47PM 2.5 36.5+/-13.6 1 1 35.00 1123.00 13.85 2 50.00 1367.60 16.87 3 32.00 873.40 10.77 4 40.00 1048.90 12.94 5 37.00 904.20 11.15 6 11.00 0.40 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.30 1.8 NA NA 1.5 NA NA 105.52 93.72 76.73 70.58 44.35 122.83 82.80 22.72 57.23 36.49 33.86 42.87 31.68 38.90 0.22 0.39 0.56 0.55 0.61 0.60 0.20 0.32 0.38 0.39 0.73 0.51 0.30 0.31 0.27 0.64 1.27 1.23 17.21 49.71 27.14 73.12 0.36 0.23 1.58 0.45 0.30 1 47 Sample (column) averages: 34.17 13.12 0.34 1.7 0.49 0.35 0.40 1.08 NOTES: STAND 22: Pole size red pine plantation at Raco Airfield Sample #1: < 0.5 cm litter Sample #2: 1.5 cm ice under snow; litter not included in sample Sample #3: < 2 cm ice over 50%/ of patch; soil surface seems quite frozen Sample #4: -1 cm of ice/letter; not included in sample Sample #6: Under a tree; snow not collected; thicker ice layer here (-12cm) and soil visibly wet below ice C5

U I - Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil oil wet Soil dry Soil water Sol Soi water Soil bulk S-oi number depth wt. (g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt g/g) Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear.r f-.- t..^n Stand 23 4/5/94 1:05PM 0.8 1 29.00 787.40 9.71 2 36.00 846.00 10.44 3 37.00 704.30 8.69 4 31.00 735.60 9.07 5 42.00 1038.80 12.81 a 34.0 Q78.5 12.07 0.33 0.29 0.23 0.29 0.31 0.35 1.9 NA NA NA 2.0 NA 48.31 17.94 30.37 0.63 72.16 50.73 21.43 0.30 56.61 7.11 49.50 0.87 82.79 35.66 47.13 0.57 65.88 50.82 15.06 0.23 47.65 10.56 37.09 0.78 0.34 0.17 0.39 0.47 0.20 0.40 0.06 0.35 1.69 0.42 6.96 1.32 35.0+/-6.8 I 0.17 0.58 0.30 0.42 0.12 3.51 11!I3.I d3UU.w.3 2%.v v.,- -.~....... -..329-3 Sample (column) 34.83 10.47 0.30 120 0.56 0.33 0.29 2.37 averages: - 1. I NOTES: STAND 23: Mature red and white pine Sample #1: Soil unfrozen Sample #2: Spongy litter layer, removed -5cm of obvious litter, then collected Sample #3: Lots of soft green pine sprigs under snow; didn't separate litter for sample Sample #5: -4cm of litter, easy to remove, didn't collect Sample #6: Difficult to remove litter from soil; included litter in sample C6

a mY Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil Soil wet Soil dry Soil water Soi Soil water Soil bulk Soil number depth wt. (g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. g/g) II Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 24 4/5/94 4:40PM -0.4 1 38.00 848.40 10.46 2 53.00 1214.40 14.98 3 46.00 1063.80 13.12 4 37.00 885.10 10.92 5 48.00 1179.00 14.54 6 37.00 945.90 11.67 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 2.0 NA NA NA 1.1 NA 56.60 9.20 47.40 0.84 108.20 62.52 45.68 0.42 54.54 4.97 49.57 0.91 66.65 15.43 51.22 0.77 49.94 9.97 39.97 0.80 50.50 3.63 46.87 0.93 0.42 0.33 0.39 0.45 0.08 0.45 0.04 0.14 5.15 0.73 9.97 3.32 45.6+/-5.9 1 0.30 0.32 040 0.10 401 0.41 0.03 12.91 Sample (column) averages: 43.17 12.62 0.29 11.6 0.78 0.40 0.14 602 NOTES: STAND 24: Mature jack pine Sample #1: Ground seems very frozen at least until 5 cm depth Sample #2: No obvious loose litter Sample #5: Lots of grass and pine sprigs; ground not as forzen here C7

II II I Snow Soil m El - - -a- I-S - - - L — ---- - -- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - sampie Snow snow Snow water snow number depth wt.(g) equivalent density (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) IK Soil Soil wet Soil dry Soil water Sol Soil water Soil bulk Soi V temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt g/g) I Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 31 4/4/94 1 00pm 2 1 46.00 1442.10 17.79 2 54.00 1556.20 19.19 3 51.00 1466.60 18.09 4 49.00 1419.50 17.51 5 41.00 1403.90 17.32 6 56.00 1448.50 17.87 0.39 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.42 0.32 NA 1.6 NA NA 1.1 NA 72.23 19.80 52.43 0.73 105.26 92.07 13.19 0.13 137.02 119.33 17.69 0.13 77.16 54.12 23.04 0.30 96.29 48.76 47.53 0.49 108.19 67.29 40.90 0.38 0.42 0.10 0.14 0.17 0.38 0.33 0.16 0.73 0.95 0.39 265 0 14 0 15 0.43 48.3+/-2.7 1 039 097 0.53 061 Sample (column) averages: 49.50 17.96 0.37 11.4 0.36 0.26 0.53 0.82 averages - NOTES: STAND 31: Pole size northern hardwoods Sample #2: 1.5 cm litter, soil unfrozen Sample #3: 4-5 cm litter, not collected; ground below unfrozen Sample #4: 4-5 cm litter, unfrozen soil Sample #5: Hard; took top 5 cm including litter Sample #6: Frozen; took top 5 cm including itter C8

I I Snow Soil a Sample snow snow snow water Snow number depth wt. (g) equivalent density (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) -in Soil Soil wet Soil dry Soil water Sol So t er Sor Soil bulk Soi temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetic (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. g/g) 0 Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 32 4/4/94 3:30pm 2.2 36.5+/-5.9 1 1 28.00 950.60 11.73 2 43.00 952.80 11.75 3 60.00 1339.80 16.53 4 36.00 1091.90 13.47 5 36.00 1027.20 12.67 6 35.00 927.80 11.44 0.42 0.27 0.28 0.37 0.35 0.33 frozen 41.85 2.35 frozen 62.15 4.59 NA 80.86 6.51 NA 55.28 3.78 39.50 0.94 57.56 0.93 74.35 0.92 51.50 0.93 41.07 0.91 41.97 0.96 0.39 0.46 0.49 0.34 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 16.81 12.54 11.42 13.62 NA NA 45.32 4.25 43.63 1.66 0.41 0.04 9.66 0.42 0.02 25.28 Sample (column) averages: 39.67 12.93 0.34 1 0.93 0.42 0.03 14.89 - NOTES: STAND 32: Mature northern white-cedar Sample #1: Dense forest; mostly n. white-cedar with some black spruce C9

I I - Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil Soi wet Soi dry Sool Sowater Soilbuk So number depth wt. (g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. gig) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. g/g) Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 33 4/4/94 9:30 AM 1.6 56.3+/-3.4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 56.00 57.00 54.00 50.00 43.00 52.00 1564.10 1533.20 1465.80 1340.10 1375.90 1514.60 19.29 18.91 18.08 16.53 16.97 18.68 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.39 0.36 0.6 NA NA NA 1.0? 101.44 96.23 56.84 26.40 132.95 117.73 81.44 85.11 41.46 13.59 111.28 99.79 20.00 11.12 15.38 12.81 21.67 17.94 0.20 0.12 0.27 0.49 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.09 0.36 0.50 0.14 0 14 0.65 0.68 0.96 0.53 0.25 0.13 037 0.94 0.74 0.19 0 7Q i.1 Sample (column) averages: 52.00 18.08 0.35 0.8 0.23 0.23 0.72 0.34 - NOTES: STAND 33: Aspen sapling, densly stocked Sample #1: 3-4 cm organic matter, unfrozen; soft soil Sample #2: -2 cm organic matter, unfrozen, on top of unfrozen soil Sample #3: 1.5 cm litter and ice, ground harder, more forzen; collected top 5 cm below litter layer Sample #4: Ice layer 1-1.5 cm deep; soft soil below Sample #4: 5 cm litter, not collected Sample #6: -3 cm litter, not collected C10

I I Snow Soil b sample unow inow snow water Snow number depth wt.(g) equivalent density (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) UI Soil Soil wet Soi dry Soil water Soi Soilwater So bulk Sol temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (~C) wt. (g) wt (g) moisture traction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. gig) i - Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 34 4/3/94 1:20pm 5.3 48.2+/-4.2 1 1 47.00 1466.20 18.08 2 54.00 1817.80 22.42 3 44.00 1330.30 16.41 4 44.00 1336.20 16.48 5 52.00 1456.50 17.97 6 4g.00 1483.20 18.29 0.38 0.42 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.38 3.7 NA NA NA 53.92 43.83 54.12 49.63 66.96 52.06 32.40 21.52 26.85 16.98 32.58 21.54 22.11 27.52 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.55 0.27 0.38 0.38 0.44 0.31 0.48 0.57 0.69 0.47 0.39 0.66 0.63 0.66 1.24 0.4 0.5 49.09 32.45 17.87 19.61 0.26 0.71 0.36 0.29 047 0.fi Sample (column) averages: 48.17 18.28 0.38 0.5 0.40 0.36 0.55 0.70 - NOTES: STAND 34: Overmature aspen / norther hardwoods Sample #1: 10 cm wet/unfrozen, below which much drier in appearance; top part loose, organic Sample #2: Layer system present: dark layer (wet/organic), light layer (dry, sandy); sample is dark layer only C11

T I Snow Soil Sample Snow Snow Snow water Snow Soil Soil wet Soilry S wal water Soil number depth wt. (g) equivalent density temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. g/g) Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 43 4/5/94 9:42AM -4.1 39.2+/-4.3 1 1 41.00 1013.00 12.49 2 40.00 877.00 10.82 3 36.00 938.50 11.58 4 50.00 1097.60 13.54 5 49.00 1151.00 14.20 6 39.00 1006.10 12.41 0.30 0.27 0.32 0.27 0.29 0.32 1.1 NA 1.6 NA NA NA 55.10 6.26 48.84 0.89 75.01 36.97 38.04 0.51 93.89 63.97 29.92 0.32 62.21 4.73 57.48 0.92 97.33 74.79 22.54 0.23 68.99 46.08 2291 0.33 0.39 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.05 0.29 0.64 0.03 7.80 1 03 0.47 12.15 0.22 0.74 0.30 n0n.30 O n Sn. -.-.. -. — -...... -v v,I. v.,Jr Sample (column) averages: I 42.50 12.51 0.30 1.4 0.53 0.32 0.39 3 71 - NOTES: STAND 43: Mature red pine Sample #1: Ground very frozen; top 5 cm primarily litter Sample #2: Fresh pine green material below the snow; ground below is not frozen solid Sample #3: Not much green stuff here; 2-3 cm litter, not included in sample Sample #4: 1-2 cm litter, not collected Sample #5: 5 cm frozen litter is included in sample; soil almost frozen beneath Sample #6: Frozen ground, sample Includes litter C12

1 I Snow Soil Mr 4 -- - - - - - - - - sample snow snow Snow water snow number depth wt. (g) equivalent density (cm) (cm) (g/cm3) 14 sooll sol wet Soil dry Soil water Soil Soil water Soil bulk Soil temp. sample sample wt. (g) gravimetric volume density gravimetric (~C) wt. (g) wt. (g) moisture fraction (g/cm3) moisture (wet wt. g/g) (cm3/cm3) (dry wt. g/g) t Location Date Time Air temperature (~C) Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation Transect snow linear fraction Stand 9C 4/7/94 9:54 AM -3.4 37.3+/-12.1 1 1 50.00 1253.40 15.46 2 43.50 1107.70 13.66 3 34.50 939.20 11.58 4 52.00 1435.80 17.71 5 38.00 488.90 6.03 6 41.00 1152.10 14.21 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.16 0.35 1.6 52.64 13.96 38.68 0.73 NA 49.67 9.08 40.59 0.82 NA 55.75 3.56 52.19 0.94 0.22 0.36 0.44 0.08 2.77 0.08 4.47 0.03 14.66 NA NA 2.7 40.46 4.10 49.52 8.80 36.36 0.90 40.72 0.82 0.44 005 8r87 0.27 0.06 4.63 Sample (column) averages: 1 43.17 1062.85 13.11 0.30 2.2 0.84 0.35 0.06 7.08 - NOTES: STAND 90: Mature black spruce Sample #1: Moist, black, spongy soil Sample #2: Very icy snow, difficult to shovel, really have to break it up; surface topology of stand is very irregular Sample #5: Soil seems frozen here Sample #6: Soil soft, unfrozen, moist, like samples 1 & 2 C13

APPENDIX D: SNOW AND SOIL RESULTS FOR CLEARINGS AND FOREST STANDS: PHASE 2

I Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Cryderman Field @ T2-T3 Location: Date: Time: 4/17/94 3:30pm 1 Sat'd 2 Sat'd 3 Sat'd 157.51 104.70 52.81 151.57 102.04 49.53 201.95 141.73 60.22 0.34 0.33 0.30 0.50 0.49 0.42 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 0 0 Sample (column) averages: 170.34 116.16 54.19 0.32 0.47 CRYDERMAN FIELD: hayfield D1

. Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Cryderman field T2 -T3 Location: Date: 4/18/94 1:10 AM Time: Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 1 sat'd 2 sat'd 3 sat'd 4 sat'd 5 sat'd 6 sat'd 7 sat'd 0 0 8 9 10 sat'd sat'd sat'd CRYDERMAN FIELD: Hayfield D2

I Soil Sample Soil number condition Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture (9) (9) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Rifle Range, T2-6 1 wet Date: Time: 4/18/941 2 wet 179.32 156.65 22.67 156.94 134.94 22.00 189.67 159.73 29.94 9:55aml 3 wet 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.30 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.43 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 0 0 4 wet 139.01 96.88 42.13 Sample (column) averages: 166.24 137.05 29.19 0.18 0.23 RIFLE RANGE, T2-6: Rifle range near Raco Airport; samples taken between trihedrals 2 and 6 D3

I Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Rifle Range, T2-5 1 wet I Date: Time: 4/18/94 2 wet 158.29 123.74 34.55 157.73 136.68 21.05 204.37 170.95 33.42 10:25aml 3 wet 0.22 0.13 0.16 0.31 0.28 0.15 0.20 0.44 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 0 0 4 wet 135.74 93.98 41.76 Sample (column) averages: 164.03 131.34 32.70 0.21 0.27 RIFLE RANGE, T2-5: Rifle range near Raco airport; samples taken between trihedrals 2 and 5 D4

I m Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/) (dry wt. gg) Location: Rifle Range, T2-3 1 wet 148.80 125.98 22.82 Date: Time: 4/18/94 10:35am 2 wet 191.61 176.05 15.56 3 wet 198.11 176.93 21.18 0.15 0.08 0.11 0.21 0.18 0.09 0.12 0.27 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 0 0 4 wet 175.01 138.22 36.79 Sample (column) r averages: j 178.38 154.30 24.09 0.14 0.16 RIFLE RANGE, T2-3: Rifle range near Raco airport; samples taken between trihedrals 2 and 3 D5

II Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Rifle Range, T2-4 1 wet Date: Time: 4/18/94 2 wet 10:45aml 3 wet 143.03 120.79 22.24 160.40 135.33 25.07 177.20 161.54 15.66 148.96 123.72 25.24 0.16 0.16 0.09 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.10 0.20 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 0 0 4 wet Sample (column) averages: 157.40 135.35 22.05 0.14 0.17 RIFLE RANGE, T2-4: Rifle range near Raco airport; samples taken between trihedrals 2 and 4 D6

I Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Rifle Range, T2-21 1 wet Date: Time: 4/18/941 2 wet 11:00amI 3 wet 184.40 155.84 28.56 118.25 100.73 17.52 184.15 156.77 27.38 165.54 157.76 7.78 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.05 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: o0 4 wet 0 Sample (column) averages: 163.09 142.78 20.31 0.12 0.15 RIFLE RANGE, T2-2: Rifle range near Raco airport; samples taken between trihedrals 2 and? D7

a Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. 9/9) (dry wt. 9/g) Location: Date: Time: Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: Sample (column) averages: Rifle Range, T2-1 4/18/94 11:10am 0 0 1 2 3 wet wet wet 147.80 193.98 155.65 124.38 173.12 130.54 23.42 20.86 25.11 0.16 0.11 0.16 0.19 0.12 0.19 4 wet 156.80 131.75 25.05 0.16 0.19 Sample (column) averages: 163.56 139.95 23.61 0.15 0.17 RIFLE RANGE, T2-1: Rifle range near Raco Airport; samples taken between trihedrals 2 and 1 D8

m Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Rifle Range, P-4 (parc) 4/18/94 11:25am Date: Time: 1 wet 2 wet 3 wet 4 wet 153.37 124.09 29.28 125.26 97.46 88.66 9.58 27.80 79.08 46.15 0.19 0.22 0.89 0.35 0.24 0.29 8.25 0.54 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: Sample (column) avAranaQs 0 0 131.57 85.42 Sample (column) averages: 124.72 79.14 45.58 0.41 2.33 04 2-3 RIFLE RANGE, P-4 (parc): Rifle range near Raco Airport; samples taken at parc-4 D9

I V Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Date: Stand 22 4/16/94 12:10 PM Time: 1 wet 2 sat'd 3 sat'd 4 wet 5 wet 6 wet 183.76 154.50 191.86 178.20 186.75 169.05 131.84 98.76 134.13 113.77 149.06 72.58 51.92 55.74 57.73 64.43 37.69 96.47 0.28 0.36 0.30 0.36 0.20 0.57 0.39 0.56 0.43 0.57 0.25 1.33 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 25.5+/-15.0 1 Sample (column) averages: 177.35 116.69 60.66 0.35 0.59 STAND 22: Sapling/pole size red pine plantation D10

a Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Stand 23 1 wet Date: 4/16/94 2 wet Time: 10:00am 3 wet Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: 6.9+/-5.4 4 wet Transect snow linear fraction: 0.9 5 satd Sample (column) averages: 6 wet - - - -.7 - U. 0 STAND 23: Mature red and white pine D11

I Soil Sample Soil number condition Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture () (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. gig) (dry wt. g/g) I I Location: Date: Stand 24 4/17/94 2:15pm Time: 1 wet 2 wet 3 wet 4 wet 5 wet 6 wet 66.99 7.88 139.40 74.48 88.99 27.25 59.11 64.92 61.74 64.41 62.98 74.04 0.88 0.47 0.69 0.93 0.52 0.80 7.50 0.87 2.27 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 22.9+/-5.2 0.9 69.51 5.10 122.15 59.17 92.53 18.49 12.63 1.06 4.00 Sample (column) averages: 96.60 32.06 64.53 0.71 4.72 STAND 24: Mature jack pine D12

I Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. /g) (dry wt. a/g) Sample Soil number condition *I I* - I v. - -. Location: Date: Time: Stand 31 4/17/94 11:15am 1 wet 2 wet 3 wet 4 wet 5 wet 6 wet 117.76 84.97 59.15 68.27 45.43 4.64 64.52 42.63 13.26 49.49 39.54 54.51 42.86 50.58 77.40 0.42 0.47 0.92 0.72 0.87 11.75 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 25.4+/-3.2 1 107.38 93.21 90.66 0.40 0.54 0.85 0.66 1.19 5.84 Sample (column) averages: 92.19 39.79 52.40 0.60 3.51 STAND 31: Pole size northern hardwoods D13

~I Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (g) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. g/g) Location: Date: Stand 32 4/16/94 2:30pm Time: 1 Sat'd 2 Sat'd 3 Sat'd 4 Sat'd 5 Sat'd 6 Sat'd 174.61 93.19 90.90 4.54 1.89 2.39 4.49 3.10 170.07 91.30 88.51 99.87 80.41 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 37.46 48.31 37.03 22.24 25.94 25.58 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 32.0+/-12.6 1 104.36 83.51 74.95 2.82 72.13 Sample (column) averages: 103.59 3.21 100.38 0.97 32.76 STAND 32: Mature northern white-cedar D14

I Soil Soil Soil Soil wet Soil dry gravimetric gravimetric Sample Soil sample wt. sample wt. Soil water moisture moisture number condition (g) (9) wt. (g) (wet wt. g/g) (dry wt. 9/9) Location: Date: Stand 43 4/17/94 9:10am Time: 1 wet 2 wet 3 wet 4 wet 5 wet 6 wet 145.70 146.00 144.03 88.10 78.92 128.86 104.20 105.88 105.38 20.17 31.45 104.38 41.50 40.12 38.65 67.93 47.47 24.48 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.77 0.60 0.19 0.40 0.38 0.37 3.37 1.51 0.23 Transect avg. snow depth (cm), +/- one standard deviation: Transect snow linear fraction: 16.5+/-6.8 1 Sample (column) averages:, 121.94 78.58 43.36 0.40 1.04 STAND 43: Mature red pine plantation D15

APPENDIX E: VEGETATION DIELECTRIC PLOTS: e' vs. Depth

Dielectric Depth Profile April 3, 1994 L-Band Beech-pole dbh= 17.2 cm 1 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 0 25 50 75 100 Depth (mm) E1

Dielectric Depth Profiles April 3, 1994 L-Band 35 30 25 20 a) 15 10 5 0 Sugar Maple-mature dbh= 27 cm A I I I 0 25 50 75 100 Depth (mm) Red Maple-mature dbh= 29 cm 30, 25 20 ~ 15 10 5 0 '^,A., - -A 0 25 50 75 100 Depth (mm) E2

Dielectric Depth Profile April 4, 1994 L-Band Jack Pine-Mature dbh=29 cm 20 15 10 5 0 Depth (mm) E3

Dielectric Depth Profiles April 4, 1994 L-Band Red Pine-mature dbh= 41 cm 15 10, a) C) cL 04 Depth (mm) 25 20 15 White Pine-mature dbh= 35 cm 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C- c CY) t CD Depth (mm) E4

Dielectric Depth Profiles April 5,1994 L-Band N White Cedar-mature dbh=40 cm 2 1.5 --<D 1 0.5' 0. 4 3 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Dep cth (mm) Depth (mm) Black Spruce-pole dbh= 16 cm 0 0 0 0 CM t (co 0 Co Depth (mm) E5

Dielectric Depth Profile April 5, 1994 L-Band Bigtooth Aspen-mature dbh=29.3 cm 15 10 5 0 0 25 50 75 100 Depth (mm) E6

10 -8 - Dielectric Depth Profiles April 15, 1994 C-Band Black Spruce-pole dbh=20 6* I A. S/\ * 6 -4 -2 -0 - 1 & I. I I I 0 25 5I 50 75 100 100 Depth (mm) N W Cedar-mature dbh=25 12.5 10, 7.5 5 2.5 0 25 50 75 100 Depth (mm) E7

APPENDIX F: VEGETATION DIELECTRIC PLOTS: e' vs. Time

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric Sugar Maple Stand #31 April 3,1994 C-Band 12.5 -10 -0 7.5 -5 -9,; U... "I \1. -... *- * —# - -.*.., I I 4 X —. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Time (hour EDT) F1

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric April 3, 1994 Beech Stand #31 C-Band 7 - 6 - 5 - a) 4 - 3 -2 - 1* e% 0.** a D 0 d* * 'I I -I I I I 10 12 14 16 18 Time (hour EDT) F2

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric Jack Pine Stand # 23 April 4, 1994 P-Band 20 - -W 15 - 10 -5 -0 I 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 Time (hour EDT) F3

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectnc Red Pine Stand # 23 April 4,1994 C-Band 40 -30 -20 -10 -0 -1.. 0.................,l. l. e l e l '"m ell llee' l ~ " lIl elI "1 "" " ~ 1 II" "" " 111oI 0 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time (hour EDT) F4

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric White Pine Stand #23 April 4,1994 C-Band 12.5 -10 -0 7.5 -5 -2.5 -1.*.-.. — *, - 9 I A 1 I I I1 12 1 13 14 1.4 15 15 I 1 16 17 Time (hour EDT) F5

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric Black Spruce Stand #32 April 5, 1994 C-Band 12.5 - r-x"-. 10 -7.5 -5 -2.5 -0 - t1~ -r, t- @,- e - e — Z I* # - * 0 @ 9* @ II I 11 12 13 14 14 15 I 16 Time (hour EDT) F6

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric Bigtooth Aspen Stand #34 April 5, 1994 C-Band 20 -15 -CD 10 -5-............. I...- Oa...... 11. I v 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 Time (hour EDT) F7

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric N White Cedar Stand #32 April 5,1994 P-Band 25 -20 -15 - 10 -5-... I *S- **% — S -. eeeeslslll 4p..... lk - 0 I -1.__, aIII 11 12 1 13 14 15 16 16 Time (hour EDT) F8

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectric Beech Stand #31 April 11,1994 P-Band 15 10 5 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (hour EDT) E9

Temporal Variance in Tree Dielectnc Beech Stand #31 April 11, 1994 C-Band 15 -12.5 -10 -7.5 5 2.5 -.000 ^ —*....-........ — ~...0 eeq,~~~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ee ~e~'l~~re~mer e~e I 1 N 1 1 1I I I I I I 1I 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Time (hourEDT) F10

APPENDIX G: HOURLY WEATHER DATA: RACO AIRFIELD, 3/25/94 - 4/19/94

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) (:C) temp (:C) temp (-C) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 0:30 3125/94 NW 4.8 -8.89 8.89 -8.89 0% 75.39 0.00 0.71 0.00 1:00 3/25/94i NNWi 8 -8.89 8.89 -8.89. 0% 75.34 0.00 0.71 0.00 1:30 3/25/94' NW 6.4 -9.44 9.44 -8.89' 0% 75.34 0.00 0.71 0.00 2:00i 3/25/94: NNW 4.8 -9.44 8.89 -8.89 0% 75.39 0.00 0.71 0.00 2:30; 3/25/94, NNW ' 8' -9.44 10.00 -9.441 0% 75.39 0.00 0.71 0.00 3:00 3/25/94: NNW; 9.6 -9.44 10.56 -8.89: 0% 75.44 0.00 0.71 0.00 3:301 3/25/941 NNW -9.6 9.44 11.11 -9.44 0% 75.44 0.001 0.71 0.00 4:001 3/25/94 NNWI 14.41 -9.44! 11.671 -9.44 1 0% 75.49 0.00 0.71 0.00 4:30 3/25/94 NNW 12.8 -9.441 11.111 -9.441 0%: 75.54; 0.00 0.71 0.00 5:00 3/25/94 NNW 12.8 -9.44 11.11: -9.441 0%' 75.54 0.00 0.71 0.00 5:30 3/25/94 NNW 14.4 -9.44! 11.11| -9.44 0%' 75.591 0.001 0.71 0.00 6:00 3/25/94 NNW 11.2 -9.441 11.11 -9.44 0%1 75.591 0.00! 0.71 0.00 6:30 3/25/94 NNW 11.2 -10.00 11.671 -9.44 0%1 75.64! 0.001 0.71, 0.00 7:00 3/25/94 NNW 12.8 -9.44 11.671 -9.44 0%1 75.641 0.00 1 0.71 0.00 7:30 3/25/94 NNW 9.6 -7.22 11.671 -8.89 0%I 75.69 0.00 0 71 0.00 8:00 3/25/94 N 11.2 -8.33 10.56 -8.33 0%1 75.74 0.00 0.71 0.00 8:30 3/25/94 N 14.4 -5.00 12.22 -7.22 0% 75.74 0.00 0.71 0.00 9:00 3/25/94 NNW 12.8 -3.33 13.89 -5.56 0% 75.741 0.001 0.71 0.00 9:30 3125/94 NNW 11.2 -2.22 16.67. -5.56 0% 75.791 0.00 0.71 1 0.00 10:00 3/25/94 N 17.6 -1.67 22.781 -4.44 0%i 75.841 0.00 0.71 0.00 10:30 3/25/94 NNW 9.6 -0.56 22.221 -3.89 0%1 75.901 0.00i 0.71 0.00 11:00 3/25/94 NNW 11.2 0.00 18.891 -3.33 0%0 75.95! 0.00 0.71 0.00 11:30 3/25/94 NNW 11.2 0.00j 19.44' -2.78 0%j 76.001 0.00 0.71 0.00 12:00 3/25/94 NNW 11.2 0.00 19.441 -1.671 0%i 76.001 0.00 0.711 0.00 12:30 3/25/94 NNE 12.8 0.00 19.44i -1.67 0%i 76.05' 0.00 0.71 0.00 13:00 3/25/94 ____ N 11.2 0.00 20.00 -1.11 9% 76.05 0.00 0.71 0.00 13:30 3/25/94 NNW 9.6 -3.33 20.00 0.00 13% 76.05 0.00 0.71 0.00 14:00 3/25/94 NNW 8 -2.78 20.56 1.11 12% 76.05 0.00 0.71 0.00 14:30 3/25/94 NNW 9.6 -3.33 21.11 1.67 12% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 15:00 3/25/94 NNW 6.4 -2.78 22.22 2.22 12% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 15:30 3/25/94 NNW 6.4 -3.33 20.56 2.22 10% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 16:00 3/25/94 N 9.6 -3.89 21.11 1.67 10% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 16:30 3/25/94 NE 8 -3.89 20.00 1.67 10% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 17:00 3/25/94 NNW 11.2 -4.44 21.67 1.11 10% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 17:30 3/25/94 N 11.2 -4.44 21.67 0.56 11% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 18:00 3/25/94 N 8 -5.00 21.11 0.00 11% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 18:30 3/25/94 NNE 6.4 -5.56 20.00 -1.67 11% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 19:00 3/25/94 ENE 4.8 -6.67 18.89 -4.44 0% 76.10 0.00 0.71 0.00 19:30 3/25/94 NE 3.2 -7.78 17.78 -6.11 13% 76.05 0.00 0.71 0.00 20:00 3/25/94 ENE 0 -9.44 17.22 -7.78 0% 76.05 0.00 0.71 0.00 20:30 3/25/94 WNW 0 -11.67 16.11 -9.44 17% 76.00 0.00 0.71 0.00 21:00 3/25/94 W 0 -11.67 15.56 -10.56 13% 76.00 0.00 0.71 0.00 21:30 3/25/94 NW 0 -12.78 14.44 -11.67 17% 75.95 0.00 0.71 0.00 22:00 3/25/94 NW 0 -13.89 13.89 -12.78 12% 75.95 0.00 0.71 0.00 22:30 3/25/94 NNW 0 -14.44 12.78 -13.33 13% 75.90 0.00 0.71 0.00 23:00 3/25/94 NW 0 -15.00 12.22 -14.44 14%; 75.84 0.00 0.71 0.00 23:30 3/25/94 NNE 0 -15.561 11.67 -15.00 13% 75.79 0.00 0.71 0.00 Min 3/26/94 ENE 0 -16.67 5.00 -15.56 0% 75.34 0.00 0.71 0.00 Max 3/26/94 N 25.6 0.56 26.11 2.78 19% 76.15 0.00 0.71 0.00 0:30 3/26/94 NW! 0 -16.67 10.56 -16.11 7% 75.74 0.00 0.71 0.00 1:00 3/26/94 NW 0 -16.67 10.00 -16.11 11% 75.691 0.00 0.71 0.00 1:30 3/26/94 NNW 0 -16.67 8.89 -16.67 10% 75.69 0.00 0.71 0.00 2:00 3/26/94 NW 0 -16.11 9.44 -16.67 10% 75.641 0.00 0.71 0.00 2:30 3/26/94 SW, 0 -16.67 8.33 -16.67 12% 75.641 0.00o 0.71 0.00 G1

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Raintall Time Date direction (kph) (=C) temp (=C) temp (C)() (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 3:00 3/26/94 W 0 -15.56 7.78 -16.11 12% 75.59 0.00 0.71 0.00 3:30t 3/26/94 ENE 0' -15.56 7.22 -15.56 11% 75.54 0.00 0.71 0.00 4:00 3/26/94: NNW' 0 -15.00 6.67 -15.56 11% 75.54 0.00 0.71 0.00 4:30 3/26/94' S 0 -15.56 6.11 -15.56 11% 75.54 0.00 0.71 0.00 5:00i 3/26/94 SE 0 -15.56 5.56 -15.56: 10% 75.54 0.00 0.71 0.00 5:30i 3/26/94 ENE 0 -15.56 5.00 -15.561 10%; 75.49 0.00 0.71 0.00 6:001 3/26/94 W SSW o0 -15.56 5.00' -15.56 9% 75.49 0.00 0.71 0.00 6:30) 3/26/94 WNW i 0 -16.1 1 4.44 -15.56 11% 75.49. 0.00. 0.71 0.00 7:001 3/26/941 ENE! 0i -14.441 4.44 -15.001 11% 75.44 0.00 0.71 0.00 7:30 3/26/94 Ei 0 -11.11i 8.33 -12.221 11%' 75.491 0.00 0.71 0.00 8:00 3/26/94 j SE 1.6 -7.22 9.44 -8.89 14%l 75.54 0.00' 0.71 0.00 8:30 3/26/94 SE 8 -6.11 7.781 -5.56 0% 75.54 0.001 0.71 0.00 9:00 3/26/94 SE 8 -3.89 8.89 -3.33 0% 75.54 0.00 0.71 0.00 9:30 3/26/94 SSE 11.2 0.56 11.67 0.56 0%1 75.49 0.00i 0.71 0.00 10:00 3/26/94 SE 12.8 0.56 12.78 2.22 0%, 75.49 0.00! 0.71 0.00 10:30 3/26/94 SSE 11.2 1.11 ' 13.891 2.78i 0%; 75.491 0.001 0.71 0.00 11:00 3/26/94 SSE 14.4 2.78 13.331 3.89 0%; 75.541 0.00 0.711 0.00 11:30 3/26/94 SSE 11.21 6.67; 15.00, 4.44 0% 75.54 0.001 0.71 0.00 12:00 3/26/94 SSE 14.4 5.56 15.561 6.67 12% 75.49 0.00| 0.711 0.00 12:30 3/26/94 SSE 9.6 6.67 16.67 6.11 12% 75.49 0.03i 0.74 0.05 13:00 3/26/94 SSE 9.6 6.111 16.67 6.67 12%~ 75.49 0.10 0.811 0.15 13:30 3/26/94 SSE 19.2 6.11 17.78 7.78 0% 75.49 0.18 0.89 0.15 14:00 3126/94 __ SE 16 4.44 18.33 8.33 11% 75.49 0.28 0.99 0.20 14:30 3/26/94 SE 16 4.44 17.78 6.67 11% 75.49 0.30 1.02 0.05 15:00 3/26/94 ESE 12.8 4.44 18.33 6.11 8% 75.49 0.30 1.02 0.00 15:30 3/26/94 SE 16 4.44 21.11 6.11 10% 75.49 0.30 1.02 0.00 16:00 3/26/94 SE 12.8 3.33 20.00 5.56 9% 75.54 0.30 1.02 0.00 16:30 3/26/94 SE 17.6 2.78 19.44 4.44 13% 75.54 0.30 1.02 0.00 17:00 3/26/94 SE 16 1.67 18.89 3.89 13% 75.49 0.30 1.02 0.00 17:30 3/26/94 SSE 22.4 1.11 20.00 3.33 13% 75.49 0.30 1.02 0.00 18:00 3/26/94 SE 12.8 0.56 18.89 2.22 12% 75.49 0.30 1.02 0.00 18:30 3/26/94 SSE 14.4 0.00 17.78 1.11 13% 75.49 0.30 1.02 0.00 19:00 3/26/94 SE 17.6 -1.11 17.22 0.00 13% 75.44 0.30 1.02 0.00 19:30 3/26/94 E 6.4 -1.67 18.33 -1.11 14% 75.39 0.30 1.02 0.00 20:00 3/26/94 ESE 9.6 -2.22 17.22 -1.67 0% 75.39 0.30 1.02 0.00 20:30 3/26/94 SE 11.2 -2.78 16.11 -2.22 15% 75.34 0.30 1.02 0.00 21:00 3/26/94 SE 8 -2.78 16.11 -2.78 16% 75.34 0.30 1.02 0.00 21:30 3/26/94 SE 12.8 -2.78 15.00 -2.22 16% 75.34 0.30 1.02 0.00 22:00 3/26/94 SE 11.2 -2.22 15.00 -2.22 15% 75.29 0.30 1.02 0.00 22:30 3/26/94 SE 11.2 -2.22 16.11 -1.67 12% 75.23 0.30 1.02 0.00 23:00 3/26/94 SE 16 -2.22 14.44 -1.67 17% 75.18 0.30 1.021 0.00 23:30 3/26/94 SE 11.2 -1.67 15.56 -1.67 14% 75.18 0.30 1.02 0.00 Min 3/27/94 NNW 0 -12.78 4.44 -16.67 0% 75.13 0.00 1.021 0.00 Max 3/27/94 SE 30.4 8.89 21.67 8.33 21% 75.74 0.00 1.021 0.20 0:30 3/28/94 NNW 1.6 -2.22 9.44 -1.67 0% 74.78 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:00 3/28/94 ENE 3.2 -2.22 9.44 -1.67 13% 74.78 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:30 3/28/94 NNW 3.2 -2.22 8.89 -1.67 16% 74.78 0.00 1.12! 0.00 2:00 3/28/94 NE 3.2 -2.22 8.89 -1.67 12% 74.78 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:30 3/28/94 N 3.2 -2.22 8.89 -1.67 13% 74.73 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:00 3/28/94 NNW 3.2 -2.22 8.89 -2.22 0% 74.73 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:30 3/28/94 NNW 1.6 -2.22 8.33 -2.22 0% 74.73 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:00 3/28/94 NNE 3.2 -2.78 8.33 -2.22 17% 74.73 0.00 1.12! 0.00 4:30 3/28/94 W 3.2 -2.78 9.44 -2.22 0% 74.73 0.00 1.12 0 00 5:00 3/28/94 WSW 0 -2.78 10.00 -2.22 0%1 74.78 0.00 1.12 0 C0 G2

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) (CC) temp (C) temp (cC) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 5:30 3/28/94, NW 1.6 -2.78 9.44 -2.22 15% 74.78 0.00 1 12 0.00 6:00 3/28/94 N 3.2 -2.78 10.00 -2.78 14% 74.83 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:00 3/28/94 NNE 6.4 -2.78 9.44 -2.78 0% 74.83 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:30' 3/28/94 NNE 4.8 -2.22 10.00 -2.22 0% 74.88 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:00 3/28/94 N 4.8 -1.11 13.33 -1.11 0% 74.88 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:30 3/28/94 N 4.8 -0.56 13.33 0.00' 14% 74.98 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:001 3/28/94 ENE 4.8 -0.56 17.22 0.56 9% 74.98 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:301 3/28/94i ENEi 4.8; -0.56 14.44 0.56. 8% 75.03 0.00 1.12 0.00 10:00 3/28/94 SE 6.41 1.67 15.00 2.221 9% 75.08; 0.00 1.12 0.00 10:30 3/28/94 E 81 0.56 15.00 1.671 12%, 75.08 0.00' 1.1 2 0.00 11:00 3/28/94 ESE 9.6 1.11 15.56[ 2.22i 14%; 75.08; 0.00 1.12: 0.00 11:30 3/28/94 ENE 9.6 2.22 15.00 3.33 0%| 75.08 0.00 1.12, 0.00 12:00 3/28/94 ENE 6.4 2.221 20.001 3.89 0%t 75.131 0.001 1.12 0.00 12:30 3/28/94 ENE 9.6 1.11! 17.22$ 2.22 0% 75.18 0.00 1.12' 0.00 13:00 3/28/94 ESE 6.4 3.331 23.89 3.89 0%, 75.23 0.00 1.12i 0.00 13:34 3/28/94 ENE 8 2.221 27.22 3.33 0%1 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 14:00 3/28/94 ESE 6.4 2.781 21.67 3.33 0%1 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 14:30 3/28/94 ENE 4.8 2.78 21.67 3.331 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 15:00 3/28/94 ENE 4.8 1.67 20.001 2.78 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 15:30 3/28/94 ENE 3.2 1.11 20.001 1.67 0%1 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 16:00 3/28/94 NNW 3.2 0.56 18.891 1.67 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 16:30 3/28/94 N 8 -1.11 17.78 0.56 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 17:00 3/28/94 NNE 9.6 -1.11 17.22 -0.56 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 17:30 3/28/94 NNE 6.4 -1.11 16.67 -0.56 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 18:00 3/28/94 NNE 9.6 -1.11 16.11 -1.11 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 18:30 3/28/94 NNE 9.6 -1.67 15.56 -1.11 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 19:00 3/28/94 _ N 8 -2.22 15.00 -1.67 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12! 0.00 19:30 3/28/94 N 9.6 -2.22 15.00 -1.67 0% 75.391 0.00 1.12 0.00 20:00 3/28/94 NNE 4.8 -2.22 15.56 -1.67 0% 75.391 000 1.12 0.00 20:30 3/28/94 NNW 3.2 -2.22 15.561 -1.67 0% 75.44 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:00 3/28/94. N 4.8 -2.22 17.22 -1.67 11% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:30 3/28/94 N 4.8 -2.22 16.11 -1.67 0% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:00 3/28/94 N 3.2 -2.22 15.56 -1.67 0% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:30 3/28/94 ENE 11.2 -2.22 15.00 -1.67 16% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:00 3/28/94 _ E 9.6 -2.22 15.00 -1.67 0% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:30 3/28/94 ENE 4.8 -2.22 13.89 -1.67 12% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 Min 3/29/94 NNW 0 -2.78 8.33 -4.44 0% 74.37 0.00 1.12 0.00 Max 3/29/94 E 19.2 3.89 27.78 4.44 18% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 0:30 3/29/94 ENE 8 -2.78 13.89 -2.22 14% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:00 3/29/94 ENE 8 -2.78 13.33 -2.78 13% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:30 3/29/94 ENE 8 -3.33 13.89 -2.78 17% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:00 3/29/94 ENE 8 -3.33 12.78 -2.78 15% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:30 3/29/94 ENE 8 -3.33 12.22 -2.78 11% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:00 3/29/94 NE 4.8 -3.33 12.22 -3.33 17% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:30 3/29/94 NE 6.4 -3.89 11.67 -3.33 0% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 4:00 3/29/94 NE 4.8 -3.89 11.67 -3.33 16% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:30 3/29/94 NE 6.4 -4.44 11.11 -3.89 17% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:00 3/29/94 NE 4.8 -5.00 11.11 -4.44 0% 75.54 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:30 3/29/94 ENE 8 -5.00 10.56 -4.44 0% 75.54 0.00 1.12 0.00 6:00 3/29/94 ENE 4.8 -5.56 10.56 -5.00 0% 75.59 0.00 1.12 0.00 6:30 3/29/94 ENE 6.4 -5.56 10.56 -5.00 0% 75.59 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:00 3/29/94 NE 6.4 -5.56 13.33 -5.00 0% 75.64 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:30 3/29/94 NE 8 -5.00! 11.11 i -4.44 0% 75.69 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:00 3/29/94 NNE 9.61 -5.001 13.89; -4.44 0%i 75.691 0.001 1.12 o 0.00 G3

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction, (kph) (=C) temp (=C) temp (=C) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cml 8:30 3/29/94 ENE' 4.8 -2.22 20.00 -3.33 0% 75.74 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:00 3/29/94' ENEI 9.6 -1.67 23.89 -2.78 00% 75.84 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:301 3/29/94i ENE; 6.4; -0.56 19.44 -1.67 0% 75.95 0.00 1.12 0.00 10:00 3/29/94. NNE 6.41 1.67 20.00 0.00 00% 75.95 0.00 1.12 0.00 10:30 3/29/94; NNE 4.81 3.33 21.67 0.56 0% 75.95 0.00 1.12 0.00 11:001 3/29/94 NNW' 8 0.56 18.89' 0.561 0% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 11:30 3/29/94i NNWi 9.6 -0.561 18.33' 0.561 0% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 12:001 3/29/94 N 9.6j 2.78' 19.44i 1.67i 0% 75.95 0.00 1.12 0.00 12:301 3/29/94! NNWI 81 1.11l 18.891 1.671 0% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 13:00 3/29/94 NNE 81 0.56! 21.111 1.671 0%; 76.00; 0.00 1.12 0.00 13:301 3/29/94 NNW 11.2 0.56 21.111 1.67i 0%! 76.05i 0.001 1.12' 0.00 14:00 3/29/94 N 11.2 -0.56 21.111 2.22 0%i 76.05i 0.00i 1.12. 0.00 14:30 3/29/94 -NW 8 0.00 21.67 2.78 0%1 76.101 0.001 1.12: 0.00 15:00 3/29/94 NNW 11.2 0.56 22.22 2.78. 0%1 76.10; 0.00! 1.121 0.00 15:30 3/29/94 NNE 12.8 -0.56 22.22 2.22 0% 76.151 0.001 1.121 0.00 16:00 3/29/94 NNW 12.8 -0.561 22.221 1.11 0% 76.15; 0.00 1.12! 0.00 16:30 3/29/94 N 12.8- -0.56 22.22 1.67 0%! 76.201 0.00 1.12, 0.00 17:00 3/29/94 NNE 9.61 -1.671 22.22: 1.11i 0%i 76.20i 0.001 1.121 0.00 17:30 3/29/94 _ N 11.2 -2.22 21.11 0.00 0% 76.25! 0.00 1.121 0.00 18:00 3/29/94 NNW 11.2 -2.78 20.56! 0.00 0%i 76.251 0.001 1.12 0.00 18:30 3/29/94 NW 9.6 -3.33 19.44 -1.67 0%! 76.251 0.00 1.12 0.00 19:00 3/29/94 NNW 12.8 -4.44 18.33 -3.33 0%! 76.25 0.001 1.12 0.00 19:30 3/29/94 NNW 9.6 -5.00 17.22 -4.44 0% 76.25 0.00 1.12 0.00 20:00 3/29/94 NNW 8 -6.11 16.67 -5.00 0% 76.25 0.00 1.12 0.00 20:30 3/29/94 NNW 12.9 -6.11 15.56 -6.11 0% 76.20 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:00 3/29/94 NNW 9.6 -6.67 15.00 -6.11 o0% 76.20 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:30 3/29/94 NNW 9.6 -7.22 14.44 -6.67 0% 76.15 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:00 3/29/94 NNW 6.4 -7.22 13.89 -6.67 0% 76.15 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:30 3/29/94 NW 9.6 -7.22 13.89 -6.67 0% 76.15 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:00 3/29/94 NW 6.4 -7.22 13.33 -7.22 0% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:30 3/29/94 NNW 4.8 -6.67 12.78 -6.67 0% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 Min 3/30/94 W 1.6 -7.22 10.56 -10.56 0% 75.44 0.00 1.12 0.00 Max 3/30/94 NNW 22.4 3.89 25.00 3.33 52% 76.25 0.00 1.12 0.00 0:30 3/30/94 NNW 6.4 -7.22 12.22 -7.22 0% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:00 3/30/94 NNW 6.4 -7.78 11.67 -7.22 0% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:30 3/30/94 NNW 4.8 -8.33 11.67 -7.78 0% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:00 3/30/94 W 1.6 -8.89 11.11 -8.33 0% 76.05 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:30 3/30/94 WSW 1.6 -10.56 10.56 -9.44 0% 76.05 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:00 3/30/94 WSW 1.6 -11.67 10.00 -11.11 16% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:30 3/30/94 WSW 1.6 -12.22 10.00 -11.67 17% 76.05 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:00 3/30/94 WSW 3.2 -12.22 9.44 -12.22 13% 76.05 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:30 3/30/94 WSW _ 0 -13.89 8.89 -12.78 13% 76.05 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:00 3/30/94 W 3.2 -11.67 8.33 -12.22 18% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:30 3/30/94 WSW 3.2 -12.22 7.78 -12.22 0% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 6:00 3/30/94 WSW 3.2 -12.22 7.78 -12.22 19% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 6:30 3/30/94 W 3.2 -11.67 7.22 -11.67 16% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:00 3/30/94 WSW 1.6 -8.89 10.00 -11.11 15% 76.00 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:30 3/30/94 SW 3.2 1.11 10.56 -8.33 13% 76.05 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:00 3/30/94 WSW 3.2 5.56 11.67 -6.11 14% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:30 3/30/94 WSW 3.2 6.67 18.33 -2.78 13% 76.15 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:00 3/30/94 W 9.6 7.78 22.22 -1.11 13% 76.25 0.00 1.12 0.00 11:36 3/30/94 WSW 17.6 7.22 19.44 1.11 0% 76.30 0.00 1.12 0.00 12:00 3/30/94 W 9.6 7.78 20.00 2.22 0% 76.30 0.00 1.12 0.00 12:30 3/30/94 WSW 11.2 5.00 20.00 1.67 0% 76.25 0.00 1.121 0.00 G4

Wind, Wind speed IAux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction, (kph)i (~C) temp (cC),temp (~C)i(%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 13:00 3/30/94! WSWi 11.2; 5.00. 19.44 2.22' 0% 76.20 0.00, 1.12 0.00 13:30 3/30/94 WSWj 20.8i 1.11 19.44 0.56 00%. 76.20 0.00 1.12 0.00 14:00' 3/30/94j WSW' 22.4i 1.11 19.44. 0.56' 0% 76.15 0.00 1.12 0.00 14:30; 3/30/941 SWI 20.81 0.56 20.00. 0.56. 0% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 15:001 3/30/941 SWi 25.61 0.56; 20.56' 0.56; 0% 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 15:30; 3/30/94, SW1 24! 0.00' 21.11: 0.56 0%. 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 16:00i 3/30/94| SW! 22.41 -0.56, 21.111 0.00;, 0%, 76.10 0.00 1.12 0.00 16:30i 3/30/94 SW! 17.6 -0.560 19.44. 0.00 0% 76.10 0.00 1.1 0.00 17:001 3/30/94 WSWI 22.4! -1.111 18.331 0.001 0%; 76.05 0.00. 1.12 0.00 17:301 3/30/94 SW 27.21 -1.1 1 i 17.781 -0.561 0% 76.00, 0.00 1.12, 0.00 18:001 3/30/94 WSW 17.61 -1.67i 17.781 -0.561 14%~ 76.00! 0.00' 1.12; 0.00 18:301 3/30/94 WSW 12.8 -2.22 16.671 -1.671 12%t 75.95 0.00, 1.12: 0.00 19:00 3/30/94 WSW 14.4~ -2.781 15.561 -2.22 12%! 75.951 0.00i 1.12, 0.00 19:30 3/30/94 SW 16 -3.33 15.00 -2.78 12/0 75.90! 0.001 1.12 0.00 20:00 3/30/94 WSW 12.8 -3.33 13.89 -2.78 11% 75.84 0.00 1.12 0.00 20:30 3/30/94 WSW 11.2 -3.89 13.33 -3.33 10% 75.84 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:00 3/30/94 WSW 9.6 -3.89 12.22 -3.33 9% 75.79 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:30 3/30/94 SW 11.2 -3.89 11.67 -3.33 10% 75.74 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:00 3/30/94 WSW 12.8 -3.89 11.11 -3.33 9% 75.69 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:30 3/30/94 WSW 9.6 -3.89 10.56 -3.33 9% 75.69 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:00 3/30/94 WSW 12.8 -3.33 15.56 -2.78 7% 75.64 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:30 3/30/94 WSW 9.6 -3.89 11.67 -3.33 7% 75.64 0.00 1.12 0.00 Min 3/31/94 WNW 0 -13.89 6.67 -12.78 0% 75.59 0.00 1.12 0.00 Max 3/31/94 SW 40 10.56 28.89 2.22 68% 76.40 0.00 1.12 0.00 0:30 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 -2.78 10.00 -2.78 7% 75.59 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:00 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 -3.33 9.44 -2.78 0% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:30 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 -3.33 8.89 -2.78 0% 75.49 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:00 3/31/94 WSW 8 -3.89 8.33 -3.33 0% 75.44 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:30 3/31/94 WSW 8 -3.33 8.33 -2.78 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:00 3/31/94 WSW 8 -3.33 8.33 -2.78 0% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:30 3/31/94 SW 9.6 -3.33 8.33 -3.33 0% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:00 3/31/94 SW 11.2 -3.33 8.33 -3.33 0% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:30 3/31/94 WSW 12.8 -3.89 8.33 -3.33 0% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:00 3/31/94 WSW 8 -3.89 10.00 -3.33 0% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:30 3/31/94 WSW 6.4 -4.44 8.89 -3.89 0% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 6:00 3/31/94 WSW 8 -4.44 10.00 -4.44 0% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 6:30 3/31/94 WSW 8 -5.00 13.33 -4.44 59% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:00 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 -3.89 10.56 -3.89 66% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:30 3/31/94 WSW 9.6 2.78 16.67 -2.78 66% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:00 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 4.44 18.89 -1.67 58% 75.44 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:30 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 5.00 15.56 -0.56 55% 75.44 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:00 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 7.78 13.89 1.11 59% 75.44 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:30 3/31/94 SW 16 10.56 16.11 2.22 56% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 10:00 3/31/94 SW 12.8 11.11 17.78 2.78 50% 75.39 0.00 1.121 0.00 10:30 3/31/94 SW 16 11.67 17.78 3.89 54% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 11:00 3/31/94 SW 11.2 10.00 15.56 5.00 49% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 11:30 3/31/94 WSW 12.8 11.11 15.56 5.56 47% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 12:00 3/31/94 WSW 9.6 12.22 16.67 6.67 44% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 12:30 3/31/94 WSW 11.2 10.56 17.22 5.56 40% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 13:00 3/31/94 SSW 20.8 8.89 17.22 5.56 49% 75.29 0.00 1.12 0.00 13:30 3/31/94 SSW 19.2 6.67 17.78 5.56 45% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 14:00 3/31/94 WSW 14.4 6.67 18.89 6.11 51% 75.34 0.00 1.12! 0.00 14:30 3/31/94 SW 20.8 6.11 18.89 6.11 50% 75.34 0.00 1.12 000 15:00 3/31/94 SW 16 6.11 18.33 5.56 51% 75.34! 0.00 1.12 00 G5

Wind Wind speed Aux temp inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Raintaii Time Date direction (kph) (:C) tem (C (:C)p ( C) (~o) (cm) tcm) rain (cml rate (cm) 15:30 3/31/94 NNW 6.4 6.11 18.33 6.67 46% 75.34 0.00 1 12 0.00.-.- - -. 16:00 3/31/94 WSW 12.8 6.67 18.33 6.11 47% 75.34 0.00 1.12 0.00 16:30 3/31/94 NNW 8 5.00 17.78 6.11 46% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 17:00, 3/31/94 NNW: 6.4 3.89 17.22 5.00 46% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 17:30' 3/31/94 NE! 6.4 2.78 18.89 3.89 50% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 18:00 3/31/94 NNW 4.8! 2.22 17.22: 2.78' 57% 75.44 0.00 1.12 0.00 18:301 3/31/94; N i 1.61 1.11 16.67! 2.22! 60% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 19:001 3/31/941 NNWI 3.21 0.56! 16.11' 1.67. 63% 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 19:301 3/31/941 NNWI 3.2 0.001 16.111 1.111 62%' 75.39 0.00 1.12 0.00 20:001 3/31/941 NNW 0 16.111 0.561 0.56 64%' 75.39' 0.00 1.12 0.00 20:30 3/31/94i W 0 -0.56i 15.56 0.00 65% 75.39: 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:00 3/31/94 WNW 0 -0.56! 15.00 0.001 64% 75.39; 0.00' 1.12 0.00 21:30 3/31/941 NNW 1.6 -0.561 15.001 -0.561 71% 75.39 0.00 i 1.12: 0.00 22:00 3/31/941 WNW 0 -1.11 17.78! -0.561 72%, 75.39 0.00' 1.12! 0.00 22:30 3/31/94! W 0 -3.33 16.671 -1.67! 75%1 75.39' 0.00; 1.121 0.00 23:00 3/31/94 NW 1.6 -3.891 17.22! -2.78 68%: 75.44' 0.00! 1.12! 0.00 23:30 3/31/94 NW_ 0 -4.44 16.11! -3.33 77%; 75.39 0.00' 1.12! 0.00 Min 4/1/94 NW 0 -5.00 8.33 -7.22 0%' 75.29' 0.00' 0.001 0.00 Max 4/1/94 SSW 33.6 13.89 19.44i 7.781 84% 75.64 0.00i 0.001 0.00 0:30 4/1/94 W 0 -5.00! 15.00! -4.44 76%1 75.39 0.001 0.001 0.00 1:00 4/1/94 NW 0 -5.56 13.89 -5.00 74% 75.34! 0.001 0.00l 0.00 1:30 4/1/94 SW 0 -6.67 13.331 -5.56 78%! 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 2:00 4/1/94 SSE 0 -5.56 13.33 -5.56 80%0 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 2:30 4/1/94 NNW 1.6 -6.11 12.78 -5.56 81%l 75.29 0.00, 0.00 0.00 3:00 4/1/94 NW 0 -7.221 12.22 -6.11 92%! 75.231 0.00 0.00 0.00 3:30 4/1/94 W 0 -7.22 12.22 -6.11 94%/ 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 4:00 4/1/94 WSW 0 -7.22 12.22 -6.67 92% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 4:30 4/1/94 SSW 0 -6.67 12.22 -6.11 96% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 5:00 4/1/94 NW 0 -5.56 11.67 -6.11 96% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 5:30 4/1/94 WSW 1.6 -5.00 11.11 -5.56 93% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 6:00 4/1/94 WNW 0 -5.56 11.11 -5.00 93% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 6:30 4/1/94 WSW 0 -6.11 10.56 -5.56 92% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:00 4/1/94 WSW 0 -3.33 10.56 -5.00 89% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:30 4/1/94 SW 0 -2.22 11.11 -2.78 83% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:00 4/1/94 N 1.6 -0.56 11.67 -1.67 72% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:30 4/1/94 N 3.2 6.11 11.67 0.00 60% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:00 4/1/94 ENE 8 6.11 12.22 2.22 43% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:30 4/1/94 NNE 4.8 8.89 13.89 5.00 28% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00 4/1/94 NNW 6.4 5.00 12.22 4.44 30% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30 4/1/94 NE 9.6 3.89 12.78 3.89 29% 75.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:00 4/1/94 N 8 3.89 12.78 3.89 27% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:30 4/1/94 NNE 8 3.33 13.33 4.44 29% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:00 4/1/94 NNE 4.8 4.44 13.89 5.00 27% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:30 4/1/94 NNE 6.4 5.56 13.89 6.11 30% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:00 4/1/94 NNE 3.2 5.00 13.89 5.56 34% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:30 4/1/94 N 11.2 3.33 13.89 3.89 39% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:00 4/1/94 N 12.8 2.22 14.44 3.33 40% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:30 4/1/94 NE 12.8 1.67 13.89 2.78 44% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:00 4/1/94 NNE 12.8 1.67 13.89 2.78 46% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:30 4/1/94 NNE 4.8 2.22 13.89 2.78 48% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:00 4/1/94 ENE 9.6 2.22 13.89 3.33 47% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:30 4/1/94 NNE 4.8 2.22 13.33 2.78 48% 75.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:00 4/1/94 ENE 8 1.67 12.78 2.22 48% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:30 4/1/94 ENE 6.4 1.11 12.78 1.67 51% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 G6

Wind Wind' speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Damiy rain Monthly Rainfall Time, Date direction (kph). (cC) temp (^C) temp (:C) (%) ( cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 18:00 4/1/94 ENE 4.8. 1.11 12.22 1.67 50% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:30' 4/1/94 E' 3.21 1.11 11.67 1.67 52% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:001 4/1/94' SSEi 01 0.56 11.67 1.11; 56% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:30! 4/1/94! ESE' 1.61 0.00 11.11 0.56 60% 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:00i 4/1/941 ENEi 3.2' 0.001 11.11' 0.56; 61%, 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:30! 4/1/94; ESEi 4.8 0.001 10.561 0.00' 63%~ 75.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 4/1/941 SE 6.4 0.00 10.00! 0.00 68%i 75.49' 0.00' 0.00 0.00 21:30 4/1/94 SE 9.6 -0.56 10.00] 0.00 78%; 75.49i 0.00 0.00; 0.00 22:00 4/1/94 ENE 8 -1.11 9.44 -0.56 84%i 75.44 0.00! 0.00~ 0.00 22:30 4/1/94 ESE 4.8 -1.11 9.44 -1.11 86%/ 75.44: 0.00 0.00; 0.00 23:00 4/1/94 SSE 6.4 -1.11 9.44 -1.11 88%! 75.391 0.00 1 0.00 0.00 23:30 4/1/94 ESE 3.2 -1.11 8.89 -1.11 87% 75.39 i 0.001 0.001 0.00 Min 4/2/94 W 0 -8.33 8.891.6.67 24% 75.18 0.00 0.00 i 0.00 Max 4/2/94 SSE 19.2 12.22 15.56 6.11 100%1 75.541 0.001 0.001 0.00 0:30 4/2/94 ESE 3.2 -1.67 8.33 -1.11 89%1 75.34! 0.00 0.00 0.00 1:00 4/2/94 ESE 6.4 -1.67 8.33 -1.11 90% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 1:30 4/2/94 SE 4.8 -1.67 8.331 -1.67 90%/ 75.291 0.00 0.00 0.00 2:00 4/2/94 SE 4.8 -2.22 7.78 -1.67 90%/ 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 2:30 4/2/94 ENE 6.4 -2.22 7.78 -1.67 92%1 75.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 3:00 4/2/94 ENE 4.8 -2.22 7.78 -1.67 93% 75.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 3:30 4/2/94 ESE 6.4 -2.22 7.78 -1.67 92% 75.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 4:00 4/2/94 ESE 11.2 -1.67 7.22 -1.67 93% 75.08' 0.00 0.00 0.00 4:30 4/2/94 ___SE 11.2 -1.67 7.22 -1.67 91% 75.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 5:00 4/2/94 SE 12.8 -1.67 6.67 -1.11 90% 74.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 5:30 4/2/94 SE 11.2 -1.11 6.67 -1.11 88% 74.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 6:00 4/2/94 SE 16 -1.11 6.67 -1.11 87% 74.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 6:30 4/2/94 SE 16 -1.11 6.67 -0.56 88% 74.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:00 4/2/94 SE 16 -1.11 6.11 -0.56 88% 74.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:30 4/2/94 SE 16 -0.56 6.11 -0.56 83% 74.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:00 4/2/94 SE 12.8 0.00 6.11 0.00 82%0/ 74.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:30 4/2/94 SE 14.4 0.00 6.11 0.56 78% 74.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:00 4/2/94 SE 17.6 -0.56 6.11 0.00 75% 74.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:30 4/2/94 SE 16 -1.11 6.11 0.00 81% 74.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00 4/2/94 ESE 12.8 -1.11 6.11 -0.56 90% 74.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30 4/2/94 SE 20.8 -1.67 6.11 0.00 82% 74.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:00 4/2/94 SE 12.8 -0.56 6.67 1.11 77% 74.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:30 4/2/94 SSE 22.4 2.22 7.22 2.22 73% 74.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:00 4/2/94 SE 14.4 5.56 8.89 3.33 71% 74.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:30 4/2/94 SE 12.8 5.00 9.44 5.00 67% 74.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:00 4/2/94 SE 17.6 5.56 10.00 6.11 64% 74.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:30 4/2/94 S 11.2 6.11 10.00 6.67 62% 74.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:00 4/2/94 S 8 7.22 11.11 6.11 66% 74.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:30 4/2/94 SW 16 6.67 10.56 5.56 69% 74.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:00 4/2/94 WNW 12.8 6.67 10.56 5.56 64% 74.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:30 4/2/94 WNW 11.2 3.89 10.56 5.00 64% 74.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:00 4/2/94 WSW 8 3.33 10.00 3.89 67% 74.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:30 4/2/94 WNW 12.8 1.67 10.00 2.78 73% 74.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:00 4/2/94 W 12.8 0.56 10.00 1.67 80% 74.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:30 4/2/94 WNW 12.8 0.00 10.56 0.56 81% 74.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:00 4/2/94 W 12.8 -0.56 10.00 0.00 80% 74.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:30 4/2/94 WNW 17.6 -2.22 9.44 -1.11 82% 74.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:00 4/2/94 NW 14.4 -3.89 8.89 -2.78 83% 74.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:30 4/2/94 NW 8 -4.44 8.33 -3.89 87% 74.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:00 4/2/94, NW 12.8 -5.00 8.331 -4.441 86% 74.831 0.00 0.00 0.00 G7

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) (=C) temp (:C) temp (=C) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 20:30 4/2/94 NW 16 -5.56 7.78 -5.00 86% 74.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 4/2/94 NNW 20.8 -5.56 7.78 -5.56 90% 74.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:30 4/2/94 NNW 16 -6.11 7.78 -5.56 93% 74.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 4/2/94' NNW 16, -6.11 7.78 -6.11 94% 74.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:30; 4/2/94 NNW 12.8, -6.11 7.78 -6.11 93% 74.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:00 4/2/94 NNW, 20.8i -6.67 7.22 -6.11 91% 74.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 23:30! 4/2/941 NNWi 14.4) -7.22. 7.22 -6.67 91%/ 74.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mini 4/3/941 SE 1.6; -7.78i 6.11 -7.22 57%; 74.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 Max 4/3/941 SSEi 41.6: 8.891 11.67i 7.22[ 95%1 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0:30 4/3/94 NNWi 12.8 -7.78i 7.22 -.22 90%i 74.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 1:00 4/3/94 NNW 12.81 -7.781 7.22 -7.78j 89%, 74.98 0.001 0.00: 0.00 1:30 4/3/94 NNWI 9.6 -7.781 7.221 -7.78 92% 75.03; 0.00 0.001 0.00 2:00 4/3/94 NNW 9.6 -8.33 7.22 -7.78 94% 1 75.08 0.008 0.00 0.00 2:30 4/3/94 NNW 9.6 -8.33 6.67 -7.78 93% 75.081 0.00i 0.001 0.00 3:00 4/3/94 NNW 9.6 -8.33 6.67 -8.33 94% 75.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 3:30 4/3/94 NNW 9.6 -8.33 6.11 -8.33 93% 75.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 4:00 4/3/94 N 9.6 -8.89 6.11 -8.33 93% 75.08 0.001 0.00 0.00 4:30 4/3/94 NNW 3.2 -9.44 6.11 -8.89 92% 75.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 5:00 4/3/94 WNW 1.6 -10.00 5.56. -9.44 97% 75.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 5:30 4/3/94 WSW 0 -11.11 5.00 -10.00 100% 75.18 0.00 0.00 000 6:00 4/3/94 WSW 1.6 -11.67 5.00 -11.11 100% 75.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 6:30 4/3/94 WSW 0 -11.11 4.44 -11.11 100% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:00 4/3/94 WSW 1.6 -6.67 4.44 -10.56 100% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:30 4/3/94 WSW 4.8 1.67 4.44 -8.33 93% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:00 4/3/94 WSW 4.8 4.44 4.44 -5.56 81% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:30 4/3/94 WNW 4.8 7.22 5.00 -3.33 69% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:00 4/3/94 NW 8 4.44 6.11! -1.67 52% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:30 4/3/94 WNW 4.8 7.78 7.781 0.00 47% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00 4/3/94 NNE__ 8 6.67 16.11 1.11 43% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30 4/3/94 NE 6.4 5.00 16.67 1.67 39%i 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:00 4/3/94 NE 6.4 6.67 15.00 2.78 35% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:30 4/3/94 SW 3.2 9.44 15.56 3.89 35% 75.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:00 4/3/94 NNE 9.6 5.00 16.67 3.89 36% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:30 4/3/94 WSW 11.2 7.22 16.11 3.33 38% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:00 4/3/94 WSW 6.4 6.11 16.67 3.33 40% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 13:30 4/3/94 WSW 9.6 4.44 17.22 3.89 34% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:00 4/3/94 WNW 8 5.00 17.22 5.56 33% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 14:30 4/3/94 SW 28.8 2.78 17.78 3.33 49% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:00 4/3/94 SW 19.2 2.22 17.78 2.78 48% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 15:30 4/3/94 SW 20.8 1.11 18.33 2.22 52% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:00 4/3/94 WSW 16 5.00 17.78 1.67 52% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 16:30 4/3/94 SW 17.6 4.44 17.78 1.11 56% 75.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:00 4/3/94 SW 19.2 3.89 17.22 1.11 54% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 17:30 4/3/94 SW 20.8 1.11 16.67 0.00 55% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:00 4/3/94 SW 17.6 -1.67 16.11 -0.56 60% 75.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 18:30 4/3/94 SW 19.2 -2.22 15.00 -1.11 63% 75.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:00 4/3/94 SW 12.8 -3.33 13.89 -2.22 69% 75.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 19:30 4/3/94 SSW 9.6 -3.89 13.33 -2.22 75% 75.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:00 4/3/94 S 9.6 -3.33 12.78 -2.78 79% 75.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 20:30 4/3/94 SSW 6.4 -3.33 12.22 -2.78 79% 75.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:00 4/3/94 SSW 9.6 -2.78 11.67 -2.22 99% 75.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:30 4/3/94 SSW 12.8 -2.22 11.11 -1.67 99% 75.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:00 4/3/94 SW 14.4 -2.221 10.56 -1.67, 99%j 75.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 22:30 4/3/94 WSWI 9.6 -2.78 1 0.001 -1.671 100%i 75.03 i 0.001 0.00 0.00 G8

Wind Wind speed'Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time. Date, direction (kph) (cC) temp (=C) temp (~C) /(%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 23:00 4/3/94! WSW! 1.6. -4.44 10.001 -2.22 100% 75.03 0 00 0.00 0.00 23:30 4/3/94i WSWi 4.8 -2.78 9.44 -1.67 100% 75.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 Min 4/4/94 N, 0 -13.33 2.78 -11.11 31% 74.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 Max 4/4/94 SWI 35.2 11.67 18.33 6.11 100% 75.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0:30 4/4/94; SWIo! -7.22' 9.44 -3.33 100% 74.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 1:00 4/4/941 WSWl 3.2! -6.11 8.891 -3.89 100% 74.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 1:30j 4/4/94 SSW 1.6 -8.891 8.891 -4.441 100% 74.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 2:00 4/4/94 SW 3.2 -5.00 8.33 -4.44 100%, 74.931 0.00 0.00: 0.00 2:30 4/4/94 WSW 3.2 -3.89 8.33 -3.89 100%i 74.93i 0.001 0.00' 0.00 3:00 4/4/94 WSW 1.6 -3.89 8.33 -3.33 100%j 74.931 0.00, 0.00: 0.00 3:30 4/4/94 SW 3.2 -3.33 7.78 -3.33 100%i 74.93 0.00 0.00i 0.00 4:00 4/4/94 WSW 0 -4.44 7.78 -2.78 100%I 74.93 0.00, 0.00: 0.00 4:30 4/4/94 WSW 3.2 -5.56 7.78 -3.89 100% 74.931 0.001 0.00 0.00 5:00 4/4/94 WSW 1.6 -5.00 7.78 -3.89 100% 74.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 5:30 4/4/94 WSW 4.8 -4.44 7.78 -3.89 100% 74.931 0.00 0.00 0.00 6:00 4/4/94 WSW 3.2 -3.89 7.221 -3.33 100%) 74.93; 0.00 0.00 0.00 6:30 4/4/94 W_ 30 -3.331 7.221 -3.33 100% 74.931 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:00 4/4/94 WSW 3.2 -2.221 7.781 -2.22 100% 74.93 i 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:30 4/4/94 WSW 3.2 -1.11l 8.89 -1.67 90%1 74.93J 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:00 4/4/94 WSW 3.2 1.11 10.00 -0.56 85%) 74.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 8:30 4/4/94 WSW 4.8 2.78 12.78 0.56 82% 74.981 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:00 4/4/94 WSW 4.8 2.22 11.11 1.11 88% 75.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 9:30 4/4/94 SSW 6.4 1.11 12.78 0.56 94% 75.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00 4/4/94 SSW 3.2 1.11 12.22 1.11 95% 75.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30 4/4/94 SW 1.6 1.67 13.89 1.11 94% 75.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:00 4/4/94 SW 3.2 0.56 14.44 1.67 93% 75.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 11:30 4/4/94 SSE 4.8 1.67 14.44 2.78 89% 75.08 0.05 0.05 0.10 12:00 4/4/94 S 3.2 1.11 13.89 2.22 91% 75.03 0.10 0.10 0.10 12:30 4/4/94 S 1.6 1.11 15.00 2.78 89% 75.03 0.10 0.10 0.00 13:00 4/4/94 SE 6.4 1.11 13.89 2.78 90% 75.03 0.15 0.15 0.10 13:30 4/4/94 S 3.2 0.56 13.33 2.22 93% 75.03 0.15 0.15 0.00 14:00 4/4/94 S 4.8 0.56 13.89 1.11 99% 74.98 0.18 0.18 0.05 14:30 4/4/94 S 4.8 0.56 13.33 1.11 97% 74.93 0.18 0.18 0.00 15:00 4/4/94 S 6.4 0.00 13.33 0.56 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.05 15:30 4/4/94 SW 8 0.00 12.78 0.56 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 16:00 4/4/94 SW 3.2 0.00 12.78 0.56 99% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 16:30 4/4/94 WSW 3.2 0.00 13.33 1.11 96% 74.93 0.20 0.20 0.00 17:00 4/4/94 NNW 4.8 -0.56 12.78 1.11 99% 74.93 0.20 0.20 0.00 17:30 4/4/94 NNE 4.8 -0.56 12.78 0.00 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 18:00 4/4/94 N 6.4 -1.11 12.78 -0.56 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 18:30 4/4/94 NNW 4.8 -1.11 12.22 -1.11 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 19:00 4/4/94 NNW 9.6 -1.67 12.22 -1.67 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 19:30 4/4/94 N 8 -2.78 12.22 -2.22 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 20:00 4/4/94 NNW 9.6 -3.33 12.22 -2.22 100% 74.98 0.20 0.20 0.00 20:30 4/4/94 NNW 9.6 -3.33 12.22 -2.78 100% 75.03 0.20 0.20 0.00 21:00 4/4/94 NNW 4.8 -4.44 12.22 -3.89 100% 75.03 0.20 0.20 0.00 21:30 4/4/94 NNW 8 -5.00 12.22 -4.44 100% 75.08 0.20 0.20 0.00 22:00 4/4/94 NNW 6.4 -5.56 11.67 -4.44 100% 75.08 0.20 0.20 0.00 22:30 4/4/94 NNW 6.4 -5.56 11.67 -5.00 100% 75.08 0.20 0.20 0.00 23:00 4/4/94 NNW 4.8 -5.56 11.67 -5.56 100% 75.08 0.20 0.20 0.00 23:30 4/4/94 NW 6.4 -6.11 11.11 -5.56 100% 75.03 0.20 0.20 0.00 Min 4/5/94 WSW 0 -8.89 7.22 -5.56 81% 74.63 0.00 0.20 0.00 Max 4/5/94 NW 20.8 3.89 17.78 2.78 100% 75.13 0.00 0.20 0.10 0:30 4/5/94 NNW 8 -6.67 11.11 -6.11 100% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 G9

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfaii Time Date direction (kph) ('C) temp (:C) temp (C) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 1:00 4/5/94 NNW 6.4 -6.67 11.11 -6.11 100% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:30 4/5/94 NNW 4.8 -6.11 10.56 -6.11 100% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:00' 4/5/94 NNW 4.8 -6.67 10.56 -6.11 100% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:30 4/5/94 NNW 1.6 -7.22 10.56 -6.67 100% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:00 4/5/94 NNW 4.8 -7.22 10.00 -6.67 100% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:30 4/5/94 NNW 6.4 -7.22 10.56 -6.67 100% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:00 4/5/94 N 6.4 -8.89 10.56 -7.78 100% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:301 4/5/94 N' 8 -10.00 10.56 -8.33; 100% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:00; 4/5/94 i NNWi 4.8 i -10.00 10.56 -8.891 100% 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:30 4/5/941 NNWI 4.81 -10.56' 10.00 -9.441 100% 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:00 4/5/941 Nj 4.8$ -11.11 10.00 -10.00' 100% 75.08 0.00' 0.20' 0.00 6:30 4/5/941 NNWI 3.21 -11.11 14.441 -10.001 100%' 75.13 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:00 4/5/941 N 4.8 -10.00; 15.561 -8.89 100% i 75.231 0.00 0.20' 0.00 7:30 4/5/941 NNWI 8 -3.89 16.67 -6.67 93%' 75.34 0.00; 0.20 0.00 8:00 4/5/941 NNEi 9.6, -1.671 13.891 -5.56 86%' 75.34i 0.001 0.20i 0.00 8:30 4/5/94 NNW 9.61 0.56 14.441 -3.89 81% 75.34 0.o00 0.201 o.oo 9:00 4/5/94 NNW 9.61 1.671 16.67 1 -2.781 75% 75.39' 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:30 4/5/94 NNE 8 3.33 17.221 -2.78 72% 75.441 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:00 4/5/94 N 9.6 4.44 17.22 -1.11 65% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:30 4/5/94 NNW 4.8 5.56 17.22 0.56 61% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 11:00 4/5/94 NNW 9.6 5.56 17.22 0.56 63% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 11:30 4/5/94 NNW 12.8 5.00 17.78 0.56 62% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:00 4/5/94 NNW 11.2 5.56 18.33 1.11 60% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:30 4/5/94 N 14.4 5.56 18.33 0.00 59% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:00 4/5/94 N 12.8 5.56 18.33) 0.00 62% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:30 4/5/94 NNE 11.2 6.11 18.89 -0.56 60% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:00 4/5/94 NW 12.8 6.11 18.89 0.00 56% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:30 4/5/94 N 11.2 7.22 19.441 0.00 59% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:00 4/5/94 NNW 12.8 5.56 19.441 -1.11 64%1 75.69 0.00 '0.20 0.00 15:30 4/5/94 NNW 11.2 4.44 20.00 -0.56 61% 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:00 4/5/94 NNW 8 5.00 20.00 -0.56 58% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:30 4/5/94 - N 14.4 2.78 19.44 -1.67 59% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:00 4/5/94 NNW 16 1.11 19.44 -2.22 55% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:30 4/5/94 N 14.4 -1.11 18.33 -2.78 57% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:00 4/5/94 NNW 11.2 -5.00 18.33 -2.78 59% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:30 4/5/94 NNW 14.4 -6.67 17.78 -3.89 64% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:00 4/5/94 NNW 12.8 -7.78 16.11 -6.11 72% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:30 4/5/94 NNW 12.8 -8.89 15.56 -7.22 79% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:00 4/5/94 NNW 9.6 -9.44 14.44 -8.33 80% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:30 4/5/94 NNW 11.2 -9.44 13.89 -8.89 80% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:00 4/5/94 NNW 11.2 -10.00 12.78 -8.89 82% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:30 4/5/94 NNW 11.2 -10.00 12.22 -9.44 95%/ 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:00 4/5/94 NNW 8 -10.00 11.67 -9.44 95% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:30 4/5/94 NNW 9.6 -10.56 11.11 -10.00 100% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:00 4/5/94 NNW_ 8 -10.56 10.56 -10.00 100% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:30 4/5/94 NNW_ 8 -10.56 10.00 -10.00 100% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 Min 4/6/94 NW 1.6 -11.67 9.44 -10.00 52% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 Max 4/6/94 N 30.4 8.33 20.00 2.22 100% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 0:30 4/6/94 NNW 8 -10.56 9.44 -10.00 100% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:00 4/6/94 NNW_ 8 -10.56 8.89 -10.00 98% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:30 4/6/94 NNW 9.6 -10.56 8.89 -10.00 100% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:00 4/6/94 NNW 8 -10.56 8.33 -10.00 100% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:30 4/6/94 N 9.6 -11.11 7.78 -10.56 100%1 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:00 4/6/94] NNW 6.4 -11.1 1 7.78 -11.11 1 00%; 75.54 0.00! 0.201 0.00 G10

Wind Wind speed'Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) (0C) temp (:C) temp (~C) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 3:30 4/6/94, NNW 4.8! -12.22 7.22 -11.67 100% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:00 4/6/94' NNW 3.2; -12.78 6.67 -12.22 100% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:30 4/6/941 NNE; 1.6 -13.33 6.67 -12.78, 100% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:00, 4/6/941 Ni 4.81 -13.33 6.11 -13.33 100% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:30' 4/6/94! NNE' 3.2 -13.33; 5.56' -13.33i 100% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:001 46/941 N 3.2 -13.33! 5.56[ -13.89i 100% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:30! 4/6/941 NE 1.6 -15.001 7.221 -14.441 100%; 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:00 4/6/94 N 3.2 -11.671 7.78 -13.33 99%i 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:30 4/6/94 NE 4.8 -1.11 7.78 -9.441 88%/ 75.64 0.00o 0.20: 0.00 8:00 4/6/94 ENE 8 2.22 8.331 -6.67 62%, 75.64 0.00 0.20! 0.00 8:301 4/6/94 ENE 8 4.441 11.671 4.44 51%; 75.69' 0.001 0.201 0.00 9:00 4/6/94 ESE 6.4 7.78 13.33 -2.22 47%! 75.74i 0.001 0.20! 0.00 9:30 4/6/94 SE 6.4 8.89 16.67 -0.56 56%1 75.84; 0.00, 0.201 0.00 10:00 4/6/94 SE 1.6 10.56 17.22 0.56 56%i 75.901 0.007 0.201 0.00 10:30 4/6/94 ENE 3.2 10.561 17.781 1.11 50%~ 75.901 0.001 0.201 0.00 11:00 4/6/94 ESE 6.4 11.11 18.33, 1.11 46%i 75.95; 0.00 11:30 4/6/94 NE 11.2 8.891 19.441 0.56j 52%j 76.00 0.001 0.20 0.00 12:00 4/6/94 NNW 11.2 7.78 21.11 1.11 46%: 76.001 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:30 4/6/94 NNW 11.2 6.11 22.22. 1.11 36%i 76.001 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:00 4/6/94 NNW 12.8 7.22 23.33 1.11 37% 76.00i 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:30 4/6/94 NE 12.8 8.89 22.781 0.56 39% 76.051 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:00 4/6/94 NNW 16 8.89 22.78 0.56 37%1 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:30 4/6/94 NNE 12.8 8.33 22.78 0.00 43% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:00 4/6/94 N 12.8 8.89 23.33 0.56 42% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:30 4/6/94 N 9.6 8.89 22.78 0.00 45% 75.95 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:00 4/6/94 NNE 9.6 7.22 22.78 -0.56 47% 75.95 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:30 4/6/94 NNE 9.6 5.56 22.78 -1.11 46% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:00 4/6/94 NNW 17.6 2.22 22.22 -0.56 42% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:30 4/6/94 N 12.8 -3.33 21.11 -0.56 41% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:00 4/6/94 NNW 11.2 -3.89 21.11 -0.56 38% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:30 4/6/94 N 11.2 -4.44 20.00 -1.67 44% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:00 4/6/94 NNW 8 -5.56 18.89 -3.89 52% 75.95 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:30 4/6/94 NNW _ 8 -6.11 17.78 -5.56 61% 75.90 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:00 4/6/94 NNW 9.6 -6.67 16.67 -6.11 84% 75.90 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:30 4/6/94 NNW 9.6 -7.22 15.56 -6.11 92%~/ 75.90 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:00 4/6/94 NNW 9.6 -7.22 15.00 -6.67 90% 75.84 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:30 4/6/94 NNW 8 -7.22 14.44 -7.22 98% 75.84 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:00 4/6/94 NNW 9.6 -7.78 13.33 -7.22 89% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:30 4/6/94 NNW 9.6 -7.78 12.78 -7.22 95% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:00 4/6/94 NNW 8 -7.78 12.22 -7.78 100% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:30 4/6/94 NNW 9.6 -8.33 11.67, -7.78 89% 75.74, 0.00 0.20 0.00 Min 4/7/94 SSW 0 -17.22 -0.56 -16.11 35%/ 75.13 0.00 0.20 0.00 Max 4/7/94 NNE 27.2 12.78 24.44 2.22 100% 76.05 0.00 0.20 0.00 0:30 4/7/94 N 6.4 -8.33 10.56 -7.78 85% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:00 4/7/94 NNW 6.4 -8.33 10.00 -8.33 100% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:30 4/7/94 NNW 8 -8.89 10.00 -8.33 100% 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:00 4/7/94 NNW 6.4 -8.89 9.44 -8.33 100% 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:30 4/7/94 NNW 8 -8.89 8.89 -8.33 100% 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:00 4/7/94 NNW 4.8 -9.44 8.33 -8.89 100% 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:30 4/7/94 NNW 4.8 -10.56 7.78 -9.44 100% 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:00 4/7/94 NNW 4.8 -10.56 7.78 -10.00 100% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:30 4/7/94 NNW 3.2 -11.11 7.22 -10.56 100% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:00 4/7/94 W 0 -12.78 6.67 -11.11 100% 75.74 0.00 0.20, 0.00 5:30 4/7/94 NNW 3.2 -11.67 6.111 -11.67 100%! 75.74 0.001 0.20 00 G1ll

Wind Wind; speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph)' (C) temp (=C) temp (~C)(%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 6:00 4/7/94 NNW 3.2 -11.11. 6.11 -11.11 100% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:30; 4/7/94 WSWI 0 -11.67 12.78 -11.11 97% 75.84 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:00. 4/7/94 SW! 0 -3.33 15.00 -10.00 91% 75.95 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:301 4/7/94 NNW 4.8; 2.78 12.78' -6.67 84% 76.05 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:001 4/7/94' NNW. 6.4 5.56 13.33 -3.33' 75% 76.05 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:30i 4/7/94 NNW 4.8 9.44 14.44 -0.56 66% 76.10 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:00i 4/7/94 NNWi 4.8 8.33 15.00' 1.11 54% 76.15 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:30 4/7/941 NNWI 4.81 12.78: 17.22; 3.33' 48%i 76.05 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:00 4/7/941 WSW 4.8 15.001 18.89J 4.441 44%; 76.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:30 4/7/94 SWI 6.4 16.67T 20.00 3.89 43% 76.25 0.00 0.20; 0.00 11:00 4/7/94 NNW 6.4 15.561 21.11 4.44 41~% 76.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 11:30 4/7/94 SW 9.6 16.111 22.22 5.00 42%i 76.35 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:05 4/7/94 W 9.6 14.44 22.78 5.56 40% 76.40 0.001 0.20! 0.00 12:30 4/7/94 NNW 6.4 14.44 24.44 6.11 47% 76.401 0.001 0.201 0.00 13:00 4/7/94 NNW 11.2 12.78 25.00 7.78 34% 76.40 0.00l 0.201 0.00 13:30 4/7/94 SW 8 12.22 24.44 8.33 36% 76.45 0.00 0.201 0.00 14:00 4/7/94 NW 3.2 6.11 23.89 8.33 39% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:30 4/7/94 NNW 14.4 5.56 24.441 7.78 37% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:00 4/7/94 NNW 12.8 5.56 25.00 7.78 35% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:30 4/7/94 N 9.6 5.00 24.44 7.22 38% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:00 4/7/94 NW 6.4 5.00 24.44 7.78 36% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:30 4/7/94 WSW 12.8 3.33 23.89 6.11 49% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:00 4/7/94 SW 11.2 3.33 24.44 5.00 51% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:30 4/7/94 SW 12.8 2.78 22.22 5.00 52%~ 76.56 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:00 4/7/94 SW 14.4 1.67 23.33 4.44 56% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:30 4/7/94 SW 12.8 1.11 22.22 3.33 69% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:00 4/7/94 SW 12.8 0.00 21.11 1.11 76% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:30 4/7/94 SW 9.6 -1.67 20.00 0.00 73% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:00 4/7/94 SW 11.2 -2.22 18.89 -1.11 90% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:30 4/7/94 WSW 4.8 -3.33 18.33 -2.22 94% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:00 4/7/94 SW 4.8 -3.89 17.22 -2.78 93% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:30 4/7/94 WSW 1.6 -5.00 16.67 -3.89 100% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:00 4/7/94 SW 1.6 -6.111 16.11 -5.00 100% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:30 4/7/94 SSW 0 -6.67 15.00 -5.56 100% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:00 4/7/94 SW 0 -7.22 14.44 -6.11 100% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:30 4/7/94 W 0 -7.22 13.89 -6.67 100% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 Min 4/8/94 NNW 0 -13.33 6.11 -11.67 34% 75.69 0.00 0.20 0.00 Max 4/8/94 WSW 32 18.33 26.11 8.89 100% 76.56 0.00 0.20 0.00 0:30 4/8/94 SW 0 -7.22 12.78 -6.67 100% 76.35 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:00 4/8/94 E 0 -7.22 11.67 -7.22 100% 76.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:30 4/8/94 ESE 0 -7.78 11.11 -7.78 100% 76.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:00 4/8/94 S 0 -8.33 10.56 -7.78 100% 76.25 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:30 4/8/94 S 0_ -7.78 10.00 -7.78 100% 76.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:00 4/8/94 S 3.2 -6.67 9.44 -7.22 100% 76.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:30 4/8/94 S 3.2 -5.56 8.89 -6.11 100% 76.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:00 4/8/94 NW 0 -7.22 8.33 -6.67 100% 76.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:30 4/8/94 S 0 -7.22 7.78 -7.22 100% 76.15 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:00 4/8/94 S 3.2 -7.22 7.22 -7.22 100% 76.15 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:30 4/8/94 SSE 4.8 -6.67 6.67 -6.67 100%- 76.15 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:00 4/8/94 SSW 0 -8.33 6.11 -7.22 100% 76.15 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:30 4/8/94 SSE 1.6 -7.22 7.22 -7.22 100% 76.15 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:00 4/8/94 SSE 4.8 -1.11 10.56 -5.56 100% 76.15 0.00 0.201 0.00 7:30 4/8/94 SSE 6.4 2.22 13.33 -3.33 87% 76.20 0.00 0.20i 0 00 8:00 4/8/94 SSE 6.4 5.56 15.00 -1.111 77% 76.25 0.00 0.20 0 00 G12

Windd Wind' speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Raintall Time. Date; direction! (kph). (IC) temp (~C)'temp (~C) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 8:48, 4/8/94 SSEs 9.6 10.56 18.33 2.22 63% 76.35 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:00' 4/8/94' Si 6.4! 11.11 17.78 2.78 63% 76.35 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:30i 4/8/94. S 4.81 11.11 17.22 3.89 57% 76.35 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:00i 4/8/94 SI 9.6; 7.78 21.67 5.00 48% 76.35 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:30 4/8/941 SSW 16i 12.22 20.56 5.00 48% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 1 1:00 4/8/94 SSW 19.2 10.56 19.44 5.56 48% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 11:301 4/8/94 SSW, 6.4, 17.22 20.00 6.67: 44% 76.35 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:00; 4/8/94 SSW' 12.8 12.78 19.44 6.11 47% 76.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:301 4/8/94 I Si 11.21 12.22, 20.561 7.78; 42% 76.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:00 4/8/94 SSEI 28.81 12.22! 20.561 8.331 41%: 76.25 0.00: 0.20 0.00 13:30 4/8/94 SSEi 25.61 12.78 21.1 1 7.781 43% 76.20, 0.00: 0.20 0.00 14:00 4/8/94 S 12.8 10.00 21.1 1 7.781 42%; 76.201 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:30 4/8/94 SSE 27.2 7.78 20.561 7.22 43%i 76.151 0.001 0.201 0.00 15:00 4/8/94 55E 16 10.56i 21.11j 8.33 43% 76.10i 0.00 0.20, 0.00 15:30 4/8/94 SSE 17.6 8.33 21.11 7.78 41% 76.101 0.00 0.201 0.00 16:00 4/8/94 SE 19.2 6.11 20.561 6.67 47% 76.05 0.00 0.201 0.00 16:30 4/8/94 ESE 11.2 5.00 19.44 6.11 50% 75.95 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:00 4/8/94 SE 14.4 5.00 18.89 5.56 55% 75.95 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:30 4/8/94 SE 16 3.33 17.78 4.44 58% 75.90 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:00 4/8/94 SE 17.6 2.78 17.22 3.89 62% 75.90 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:30 4/8/94 SE 12.8 2.22 16.11 2.78 66% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:00 4/8/94 SE 14.4 1.67 15.56 2.22 70% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:30 4/8/94 SE 17.6 1.67 15.00 2.22 86% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:00 4/8/94 SE 8 1.11 14.44 1.67 94% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:30 4/8/94 SE 11.2 1.11 13.89 1.67 94% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:00 4/8/94 SE 11.2 1.11 13.33 1.67 88% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:30 4/8/94 SSE 17.6 1.11 12.78 1.67 86% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:00 4/8/94 SSE 14.4.1.11 12.22 1.11 86% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:30 4/8/94 SSE 12.8 1.11 11.67 1.11 87% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:00 4/8/94 SE 14.4 1.11 11.67 1.67 85% 75.39 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:30 4/8/94 SE 12.8 1.11 11.11 1.67 84% 75.34 0.00 0.20 0.00 Min 4/9/94 SSW 0 -11.11 5.56 -7.78 40% 75.23 0.00 0.20 0.00 Max 4/9/94 SSE 40 17.22! 21.671 8.33 100% 76.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 0:30 4/9/94 SE 14.4 1.11 10.00 1.67 81% 75.18 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:00 4/9/94 SE 11.2 1.11 10.00 1.67 80% 75.13 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:30 4/9/94 SE 12.8 0.56 9.44 1.11 79% 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:00 4/9/94 SE 11.2 1.11 9.44 1.11 81% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:30 4/9/94 SE 14.4 0.56 8.89 0.56 84% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:00 4/9/94 SE 19.2 0.00 8.33 0.56 86% 74.88 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:30 4/9/94 SSE 12.8 0.00 8.33 0.56 89% 74.83 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:00 4/9/94 SSE 17.6 0.00 7.78 0.56 90% 74.78 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:30 4/9/94 SSE 9.6 -0.56 7.78 0.00 93% 74.78 0.00.0.20 0.00 5:00 4/9/94 SSE 8 -1.11 7.22 0.00 99% 74.68 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:30 4/9/94 SE 6.4 -1.67 7.22 -0.56 100% 74.68 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:00 4/9/94 SE _ 8 1.11 7.22 -0.56 100% 74.63 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:30 4/9/94 SE 6.4 -0.56 6.67 0.00 100% 74.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 7:00 4/9/94 SE 9.6 1.67 6.67 1.11 100% 74.52 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:30 4/9/94 SE 9.6 2.22 7.78 1.67 99% 74.52 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:00 4/9/94 SSE 19.2 3.33 8.33 2.78 100% 74.47 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:30 4/9/94 SSE 12.8 7.22 8.33 3.33 91% 74.42 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:00 4/9/94 S 9.6 14.44 9.44 6.67 84% 74.42 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:30 4/9/94 SW 35.2 12.22 10.00 7.22 76% 74.37 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:00 4/9/94 SW 36.8 13.33 11.11 7.22 73% 74.42 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:30 4/9/94 SW 22.4 15.561 11.671 7.22 72%! 74.42 0.00 0.20! 0.00 G13

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) (CC) te temp (C)).e m C (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 11:00 4/9/94: SW 27.2! 16.67 12.78 7.78 68% 74.47 0.00 0.20 0.00 11:30 4/9/941 SW! 20.8i 16.11 13.33: 8.33 65% 74.52 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:00o 4/9/94 WSW! 14.41 8.89 12.78 7.78 68% 74.57 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:30, 4/9/94, SWi 161 8.33; 12.78 7.78i 66% 74.63' 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:00i 4/9/94' SWi 241 5.00 12.22' 6.111 73% 74.68 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:301 4/9/94 SWi 14.41 7.22: 12.78 6.111 71% 74.68' 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:001 4/9/94' SWi 25.61 7.221 12.78! 6.11 70% 74.73 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:30 4/9/94 WSW 17.6 5.56 12.221 5.56i 76% / 74.73, 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:00 4/9/94 WSW 17.6 7.221 12.22' 6.111 73%; 74.73 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:30 4/9/94 WSW 20.8 6.111 12.22 6.111 75% 74.73 1 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:00 4/9/94 SW 17.6 6.67i 12.78 6.11 75% I 74.73; 0.00 i 0.201 0.00 16:30 4/9/94 WSW 14.4 5.56 12.22 5.56 77% 74.73 i 0.00 0.201 0.00 17:00 4/9/94 WSW 12.8 5.00 11.67 5.00 79% 74.781 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:30 4/9/94 WSW 11.2 5.00 11.67 5.56 78%1 74.83 0.001 0.20, 0.00 18:00 4/9/94 WSW 4.8 4.44 11.67 5.56 78% 74.83' 0.001 0.201 0.00 18:30 4/9/94 WSW 1.6 3.891 11.111 5.00 79%i 74.88 0.001 0.201 0.00 19:00 4/9/94 WSW 8 3.89 1 1.111i 5.00 79%! 74.881 0.00 0.20 0.00 19:30 4/9/94 WNW 6.4 3.331 11.11 5.00! 81% 74.93 0.001 0.20 0.00 20:00 4/9/94 WSW 6.4 3.331 11.11 4.44 82%' 74.93 0.00 0.20 0.00 20:30 4/9/94 W 8 2.78 11.11 3.89 82% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:00 4/9/94 WSW 4.8 2.78 10.56 3.89 83% 74.98 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:30 4/9/94 W 6.4 2.22 10.56 3.89 85% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:00 4/9/94 WNW 3.2 2.22 10.56 3.33 85% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:30 4/9/94 WSW 3.2 2.22 10.56 3.33 86% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:00 4/9/94 WNW 4.8 1.67 10.56 3.33 86% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:30 4/9/94 W 6.4 1.67 10.56 2.78 88% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 Min 4/10/94 SW 0 -2.22 5.00 -1.11 57% 74.37 0.00 0.20 0.00 Max 4/10/94 SW 59.2 18.33 13.89 8.89 100% 75.29 0.00 0.20 0.00 0:30 4/10/94 WNW 4.8 1.67 10.00 2.78 89% 75.03 0.00 D.20 0.00 1:00 4/10/94 WNW 6.4 1.67 10.00 2.78 90% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:30 4/10/94 WNW 8 1.67 10.00 2.78 92% 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:00 4/10/94 WNW 9.6 1.67 9.44 2.78 92% 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:30 4/10/94 WNW 6.4 1.67 9.44 2.22 92%/ 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:00 4/10/94 WSW 6.4 1.67 9.44 2.22 92%/ 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:30 4/10/94 WNW 8 1.11 9.44 2.22 91% 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:00 4/10/94 NW 8 0.00 9.44 1.67 95% 75.08 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:30 4/10/94 WNW 6.4 0.56 9.44 1.67 95% 75.13 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:00 4/10/94 WNW 8 0.56 9.44 1.67 93% 75.18 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:30 4/10/94 WNW 8 0.56 9.44 1.67 95% 75.18 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:00 4/10/94 NNW 6.4 0.56 9.44 1.67 94% 75.18 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:30 4/10/94 NW 6.4 0.56 9.44 1.67 93% 75.23 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:00 4/10/94 NW 8 3.33 10.00 2.22 88% 75.34 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:30 4/10/94 NW 11.2 3.89 10.00 2.78 86% 75.34 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:00 4/10/94 NNW 9.6 7.22 10.56 3.89 82% 75.39 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:30 4/10/94 NW 11.2 10.00 11.67 4.44 78% 75.44 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:00 4/10/94 NW 16 15.56 13.33 5.00 74% 75.49 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:00 4/10/94 NNW 20.8 16.11 12.78 5.56 72% 75.54 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:00 4/10/94 NNW 14.4 17.22 13.89 6.67 69% 75.59 0.00 0.20 0.00 10:30 4/10/94 NW 12.8 12.22 13.33 6.11 71% 75.64 0.00 0.20 0.00 11:00 4/10/94 NNW 20.8 22.22 14.44 6.67 66% 75.74 0.00 0.20 0.00 11:30 4/10/94 NNW 22.4 14.44 14.44 6.11 66% 76.05 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:00 4/10/94 NNW 17.6 15.56 15.00 6.11 62% 75.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 12:30 4/10/94 NNW 19.2 18.89 15.00 6.67 61% 75.84 0.00 0.20 0.00 13:00 4/10/94 NNW 14.4 15.00 15.56 6.11 64% 75.90 0.00 0.20 0.00 G14

: Windi Wind! speedlAux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time I Date drecion (kph) C) temp *(C) temp (~C} (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 13:30 4/10/94 NNW 20.81 15.56 15.56 6.11 63% 75.95 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:00 4/10/941 NNW 16 21.11! 16.11 6.11 63% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 14:30 4/10/941 NNW 24 18.89 17.22, 5.56 63% 76.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:00 4/10/941 NNW 14.4 19.44' 17.78' 6.11 60% 76.05 0.00 0.20 0.00 15:30 4/10/94 NNW 12.8 17.78 18.331 5.56 64% 76.10 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:00 4/10/94 NNW 14.4 17.22! 19.44' 5.56: 62% 76.15 0.00 0.20 0.00 16:30 4/10/941 NNW 11.2 15.001 18.891 5.561 62% 76.20. 0.00 0.20 0.00 17:00 4/10/94 NNW 12.8 12.78! 18.891 5.561 60% 76.25 0.00' 0.20' 0.00 17:30 4/10/94, NNW 8 11.111 18.891 6.11 57% 76.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 18:00 4/10/94 NNW 11.21 3.891 18.891 6.11! 57% 76.35 0.00! 0.20 0.00 18:30 4/10/94 NNW 8 1.11: 18.33j 6.111 58% 76.35 0.001 0.20' 0.00 19:00 4/10/94 NNW 9.6 0.001 17.781 2.781 72% 76.40 0.000 0.20' 0.00 19:30 4/10/94 WNW 3.2 -1.11' 17.22 1 15.11 79%, 76.40; 0.001 0.20; 0.00 20:00 4/10/94 WNW 1.6 -2.78! 16.676.5' 0.00 0.201 0.00 20:30 4/10/94 WSW 0 -3.89 15.56 -1.11 90%! 76.451 0.001 0.20 0.00 21:00 4/10/94 WSW 1.6 -4.44 15.56 -2.78 94%I 76.451 0.00 0.20 0.00 21:30 4/10/94 WNW 1.6 -4.44 14.44 -2.78 95% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:00 4/10/94 WNW 0 -4.44 14.44 -3.33 98% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 22:30 4/10/94 WSW 0 -5.56 13.89 -4.44 100% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:00 4/10/94 ESE 1.6.5.56 13.33 -5.00 100% 76.45 0.00 0.20 0.00 23:30 4/10/94 WSW 0 -6.11 12.78 -5.56 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 Mmin 4/11/94 SW 0 -6.11 9.44 -5.56 55%1 75.03 0.00 0.20 0.00 Max 4/11/94 NNW 41.6 25.56 20.00 7.22 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 0:30 4/11/94 WNW 0 -6.11 11.67 -6.11 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:00 4/11/94 NE 1.6 -6.67 11.11 -6.67 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:30 4/11/94 NNW ___ 0 -6.67 11.11 -6.67 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:00 4/11/94 NW ____ 0 -6.67 10.56 -7.22 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 2:30 4/11/94 NNW ___ 0 -7.22 10.00 -7.78 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:00 4/11/94 WNW ___ 0 -7.22 9.44 -7.78 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 3:30 4/11/94 WSW 0 -7.22 9.44 -7.78 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:00 4/11/94 NNW ____ 0 -7.22 8.89 -8.33 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 4:30 4/11/94 ENE 1.6 -7.22 8.89 -8.33 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:00 4/11/94 NNE 0 -7.22 8.33 -8.33 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 5:30 4/11/94 N 0 -7.78 8.33 -8.33 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:00 4/11/94 NNW 0 -7.22 7.78 -8.33 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 6:30 4/11/94 NNW 0 -6.11 7.78 -7.78 100% 76.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:00 4/11/94 SW 0 -1.11 9.44 -5.56 98% 76.56 0.00 0.20 0.00 7:30 4/11/94 WSW 0 8.89 10.00 -2.78 92% 76.61 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:00 4/11/94 SW 3.2 15.00 13.33 0.56 85% 76.71 0.00 0.20 0.00 8:30 4/11/94 SW! 3.2 16.67 12.78 3.33 69% 76.76 0.00 0.20 0.00 9:00 4/11/94 SW 3.2 12.78 14.44 5.56 61% 76.76 0.00 0.20 0.00 Min 4/14/94 SE 0 -17.22 7.22 -8.89 33% 74.02 0.00 1.12 0.00 Max 4/14/94 SE 36.8 27.22 22.78 13.89 100% 76.96 0.00 1.12 0.41 6:30 4/14/94 SW 11.2 1.67 11.11 1.67 100% 74.27 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:00 4/14/94 SW 11.2 1.67 11.11 2.22 100% 74.27 0.00 1.12 0.00 7:30 4/14/94 SW 19.2 2.78 11.11 2.22 100% 74.27 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:00 4/14/94 SW 19.2 2.78 11.11 2.78 100% 74.27 0.00 1.12 0.00 8:30 4/14/94 SW 16 3.89 11.11 3.33 100% 74.27 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:00 4/14/94 SW 19.2 4.44 11.11 3.89 100% 74.32 0.00 1.12 0.00 9:30 4/14/94 SW 14.4 6.11 11.67 4.44 100% 74.32 0.00 1.12 0.00 10:00 4/14/94 SW 22.4 9.44 12.22 5.56 99% 74.37 0.00 1.12 0.00 10:30 4/14/94 SW 19.2 15.00 13.33 6.67 95% 74.37 0.00 1.12 0.00 11:00 4/14/94 SSW 20.8 17.22 13.89 8.33 92% 74.42 0.00 1.12 0 00 11:30 4/14/94 SW 19.2 17.22 16.11 9.44 84% 74.47 0.00 1.12 0 00 G15

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) ('C) temp (CC) temp ('C) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 12:00 4/14/94 SSW 22.4. 15.56 16.11 11.11 75% 74.47 0.00 1.12 0.00 12:30 4/14/94 WSW 17.6 18.33 16.11 11.67 71% 74.52 0.00 1.12 0.00 13:00; 4/14/94 SSW; 25.6, 19.44 17.22 12.22 68% 74.57 0.00 1.12 0.00 13:30 4/14/94 SW 16 22.78 17.78 13.33 67% 74.57 0.00 1.12 0.00 14:001 4/14/94; WSWi 25.61 20.00 18.33; 13.89 61% 74.63 0.00 1.12 0.00 14:30i 4/14/941 WSW. 17.61 21.67 18.891 14.44j 59% 74.68 0.00 1.12 0.00 15:00; 4/14/94i SWI 22.4 19.44; 19.44; 14.44i 59%' 74.73 0.00 1.12 0.00 15:30 4/14/941 WSW 19.2 18.89i 20.001 14.44 58% 74.73 0.00' 1.12 0.00 16:00 4/14/94 ' WSW! 19.2' 18.33: 20.561 13.89 60% 74.83 0.00 1.12 0.00 16:30 4/14/94 SW 22.4 16.67 20.56 13.89 62%i 74.83 0.00 1.12 0.00 17:00 4/14/94 SW 19.2 15.00i 20.56 13.891 64% 74.88; 0.00 1.12 0.00 17:30 4/14/94 WSW 9.6 15.56 21.1 1 14.44 62% 74.88 0.00 1.12 0.00 18:00 4/14/94 SW 12.8 11.67 21.11 13.89 65%i 74.93i 0.00i 1.12j 0.00 18:30 4/14/94 WSW 11.2 10.00 20.56 12.22 71% 74.981 0.00, 1.12! 0.00 19:00 4/14/94 WSW 9.6 8.33 20.00 10.00 100%1 75.03 0.00 1.12 0.00 19:30 4/14/94 WSW 11.2 6.67 19.441 8.89 100% 75.08 0.001 1.12 0.00 20:00 4/14/94 WSW 4.8 6.111 18.891 7.78 100%1 75.081 0.00 1.12 0.00 20:30 4/14/94 WSW 1.6 3.33 18.33 7.22 100% 75.08 0.00 i 1.12 0.00 21:00 4/14/94 NW 1.6 2.78 18.33 6.11 96%1 75.08 0.00 1.12 0.00 21:30 4/14/94 NW 1.6 1.11i 17.781 4.44 98% 75.08 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:00 4/14/94 S 0 0.00 17.22 2.78 99%1 75.08 0.00 1.12 0.00 22:30 4/14/94 _ W O0 0.00 17.22 1.67 1 00%i 75.08 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:00 4/14/94 SSW 0 -1.11 16.67 1.11 100% 75.081 0.00 1.12 0.00 23:30 4/14/94 SE 1.6 -0.56 16.67 1.11 100% 75.08 0.00 1.12 0.00 Min 4/15/94 WSW 0 -1.11 8.33 -2.22 57% 74.22 0.00 1.12 0.00 Max 4/15/94 SW 41.6 22.78 21.11 15.00 100% 75.13 0.00 1.12 0.00 0:30 4/15/94 SSE 4.8 1.67 15.56 1.67 100% 75.03 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:00 4/15/94 SE 1.6 0.56 15.56 1.67 100% 74.93 0.00 1.12 0.00 1:30 4/15/94 ESE 6.4 1.67 15.00 2.22 100% 74.88 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:00 4/15/94 SE 6.4 3.33 15.00 3.33 100% 74.88 0.00 1.12 0.00 2:30 4/15/94 ESE 6.4 2.22 15.00 3.89 100% 74.83 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:00 4/15/94 SE 3.2 2.22 14.44 3.89 100% 74.78 0.00 1.12 0.00 3:30 4/15/94 ESE 6.4 2.78 14.44 3.89 100% 74.78 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:00 4/15/94 ENE 9.6 2.78 14.44 3.33 100% 74.68 0.00 1.12 0.00 4:30 4/15/94 E 8 2.22 13.89 3.33 100% 74.63 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:00 4/15/94 ESE 6.4 2.78 13.89 3.33 100% 74.63 0.00 1.12 0.00 5:30 4/15/94 SE 8 2.78 13.33 3.33 100% 74.63 0.00 1.12 0.00 6:00 4/15/94 SE 12.8 2.22 13.33 3.33 100% 74.68 0.05 1.17 0.10 6:30 4/15/94 SE 11.2 2.78 13.33 3.33 100% 74.63 0.46 1.57 0.81 7:00 4/15/94 ESE 9.6 3.89 13.33 3.89 100% 74.42 0.61 1.73 0.30 7:30 4/15/94 ENE 11.2 5.00 15.56 4.44 100% 74.32 0.61 1.73 0.00 8:00 4/15/94 ESE 12.8 5.00 15.00 5.56 100% 74.27 0.76 1.88 0.30 8:30 4/15/94 ESE 12.8 5.56 13.89 6.11 100% 74.27 0.81 1.93 0.10 9:00 4/15/94 SE 16 5.56 13.89 6.67 100% 74.27 0.81 1.93 0.00 9:30 4/15/94 SE 22.4 6.11 13.89 6.67 100% 74.22 0.86 1.98 0.10 10:00 4/15/94 ESE 12.8 7.22 13.89 7.22 100% 74.12 0.86 1.98 0.00 10:30 4/15/94 SE 16 5.56 13.89 6.67 100%~ 74.07 0.86 1.98 0.00 11:00 4/15/94 _ SE 16 7.22 13.89 7.22 100% 73.96 0.86 1.98 0.00 11:30 4/15/94 SSE 17.6 9.44 14.44 9.44 100% 73.96 0.86 1.98 0.00 12:00 4/15/94 SE 17.6 7.22 13.89 8.89 100% 73.96 0.86 1.98 0.00 12:30 4/15/94 SE 9.6 8.33 13.89 8.33 100% 73.91 0.86 1.98 0.00 13:00 4/15/94 SE 11.2 9.44 14.44 10.00 94% 73.86 0.86 1.98 0.00 13:30 4/15/94 E 12.8 8.33 14.44 8.89 97%/ 73.86 0.86 1.98 0.00 14:00 4/15/94 SE 12.8 11.67 15.00 10.56 93% 73.81 0.86 1.98 0.00 G16

;, Wird, Wind sped Aux temp; Inside Outside! Humidity Pressure:Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date drction (kph)f (~C) temp (~C) temp (~C)!(%) (cm) (cm); rain (cm) rate (cm) 14:30i 4/15/94 SE 9.61 8.33 14.44| 9.441 99%: 73.86 0.86 1.98 0.00 15:00i 4/15/94 SE 11.21 7.22! 14.44i 8.331 100% 73.76 0.86 1.98 0.00 15:30 4/15/94 SE 16 7.22; 13.89; 8.331 100% 73.76 0.86 1.98 0.00 16:00' 4/15/94 SSE 9.6 7.22 13.89 8.33 i 100% 73.76 0.86 1.98 0.00 16:301 4/15/94; SSE 16 8.89 14.44i 9.441 100% 73.71 0.86 1.98 0.00 17:001 4/15/94; SSE! 11.2i 11.1 1 15.001 10.56 99%/ 73.71 0.86 1.98 0.00 17:30 4/1594 i SSW! 19.21 11.67, 15.001 11.67 86%! 73.66 0.86 i 1.98 0.00 18:00 4/15/94 SW| 32! 12.22 15.56 12.22 75%i 73.66 0.86 1.98 0.00 18:30 4/15/94 SW 30.41 10.001 15.56 11.67 75% 73.61 0.861 1.981 0.00 19:00 4/15/94 SW 30.4 8.33 15.00 10.00 84% 73.611 0.86 1.981 0.00 19:30 4/15/94 SW 41.6 7.221 14.44 8.33 88% 73.661 0.86 1.98 0.00 20:00 4/15/94 SW 36.8 6.67 14.44 7.78 87% 73.661 0.86 1.98 0.00 20:30 4/15/94 SW 28.8 5.56 13.89 6.67 86% 73.66 0.86 1.98 0.00 21:00 4/15/94 SW 41.6 5.00 13.33 6.11 90% 73.66 0.86 1.98 0.00 21:30 4/15/94 SW 28.8 4.44 13.33 5.00 92% 73.61 0.86 1.98 0.00 22:00 4/15/94 SSW 30.4 4.44 13.33 5.00 91% 73.51 0.86 1.98 0.00 22:30 4/15/94 SW 43.2 2.22 12.78 3.33 100% 73.51 0.91 2.03 0.10 23:00 4/15/94 S 16 2.22 12.78 2.78 100% 73.41 0.94 2.06 0.05 23:30 4/15/94 SSW 27.2 1.67 12.78 2.78 100% 73.36 0.94 2.06 0.00 Min 4/15/94 S 0 0.56 12.78 1.11 73% 72.90 0.00 2.06 0.00 Max 4/15/94 SSW 64 12.78 17.22 12.78 100% 75.03 0.00 2.06 0.81 0:30 4/16/94 SSW 27.2 0.56 12.22 1.11 100% 73.30 0.00 2.06 0.00 1:00 4/16/94 SSW 20.8 0.56 12.78 1.11 100% 73.30 0.03 2.08 0.05 1:30 4/16/94 SW 30.4 0.00 11.67 0.56 100% 73.30 0.05 2.11 0.05 2:00 4/16/94 SW 27.2 0.00 11.11 0.56 100% 73.25 0.08 2.13 0.05 2:30 4/16/94 SW 36.8 0.00 11.11 0.00 100% 73.25 0.08 2.13 0.00 3:00 4/16/94 SW 24 -0.56 10.56 0.00 100%Y 73.25 0.08 2.13 0.00 3:30 4/16/94 WSW 17.6 -1.11 10.56 0.00 100% 73.36 0.10 2.16 0.05 4:00 4/16/94 W 17.6 -1.67 10.56 -1.11 100% 73.41 0.10 2.16 0.00 4:30 4/16/94 WSW 20.8 -2.78 10.00 -2.22 100% 73.46 0.10 2.16 0.00 5:00 4/16/94 WSW 19.2 -2.78 10.00 -2.78 100%o 73.46 0.10 2.16 0.00 5:30 4/16/94 WSW 11.2 -3.33 9.44 -2.78 100% 73.51 0.10 2.16 0.00 6:00 4/16/94 WSW 14.4 -3.89 9.44 -3.33 96% 73.51 0.10 2.16 0.00 6:30 4/16/94 WNW 11.2 -3.33 9.44 -3.33 96% 73.56 0.10 2.16 0.00 7:00 4/16/94 WNW 12.8 -3.33 9.44 -3.33 94% 73.56 0.10 2.16 0.00 7:30 4/16/94 WSW 9.6 -3.33 15.56 -3.33 97% 73.66 0.10 2.16 0.00 8:00 4/16/94 WNW 11.2 -2.78 11.67 -3.89 97%/ 73.76 0.10 2.16 0.00 8:30 4/16/94 WSW 12.8 -3.33 11.11 -3.89 97% 73.76 0.10 2.16 0.00 8:00 4/16/94 WNW 9.6 -2.78 10.56 -3.89 98% 73.76 0.10 2.16 0.00 9:30 4/16/94 WNW 8 -2.22 10.56 -3.89 98% 73.81 0.10 2.16 0.00 10:00 4/16/94 NW 9.6 -2.22 10.00 -3.33 89% 73.86 0.10 2.16 0.00 10:30 4/16/94 WNW 11.2 -1.11 10.56 -2.22 84% 73.86 0.10 2.16 0.00 11:00 4/16/94 WNW 8 -1.67 10.00 -2.78 86% 73.91 0.10 2.16 0.00 11:30 4/16/94 NW 8 -1.67 10.00 -2.22 80% 73.96 0.10 2.16 0.00 12:00 4/16/94 WNW 14.4 -1.67 10.00 -2.22 78% 73.96 0.10 2.16 0.00 12:30 4/16/94 NW 11.2 0.00 15.00 0.00 74% 74.02 0.10 2.16 0.00 13:00 4/16/94 WSW 14.4 0.00 12.22 0.56 78% 74.12 0.10 2.16 0.00 13:30 4/16/94 NW 14.4 0.56 12.22 1.11 78% 74.12 0.10 2.16 0.00 14:00 4/16/94 WNW 12.8 -0.56 12.22 0.00 79% 74.17 0.10 2.16 0.00 14:30 4/16/94 NW 11.2 -0.56 12.22 0.00 90% 74.22 0.10 2.16 0.00 15:00 4/16/94 NW 6.4 -1.11 12.22 0.56 93% 74.22 0.10 2.16 0.00 15:30 4/16/94 NW 11.2 -1.11 12.22 0.00 100% 74.27 0.10 - 2.16 0.00 16:00 4/16/94 WNW 14.4 -1.11 12.78 -0.56 100% 74.32 0.10 2.16 0.00 16:30 4/16/94 WNW 17.6 -1.11 12.22 0.00 99% 74.37 0.13 2.18 0.05 G17

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) (:C) temp (:C) temp (CC) (%) (cm) (cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 17:00 4/16/94 NW 17.6 -1.11 12.78 0.00 98%/ 74.42 0.13 2.18 0.00 17:30 4/16/94 NW 20.8 -1.11 12.22 0.00 97% 74.47 0.13 2.18 0.00 18:00 4/16/94 WNW 11.2 -1.11 12.22 0.56 99% 74.52 0.13 2.18 0.00 18:30 4/16/94 WNW 16' -1.11 12.22 0.00 100% 74.52 0.13 2.18 0.00 19:00 4/16/94 WNW' 16' -1.11 12.22 0.00' 99% 74.57 0.13 2.18 0.00 19:30i 4/16/94 WSW 11.2 -1.11 12.22 0.00 99% 74.63 0.13 2.18 0.00 20:00' 4/16/94' NW 19.2 -1.11 12.22 0.00 96% 74.63 0.13 2.18 0.00 20:301 4/16/94 NW 11.2! -1.11 12.22 0.00; 91% 74.68 0.13 2.18 0.00 21:001 4/16/94 NW' 11.2 -1.11 12.22 0.56 86%0 74.63 0.13 2.18 0.00 21:301 4/16/941 NW 14.4' -1.11 12.22: 1.11 81%' 74.63 0.13 2.18 0.00 22:00 4/16/941 NW 16 -1.1 1 12.22 1.1 1 73%/ 74.68 0.13 2.18 0.00 22:30 4/16/941 WNW 20.8i -1.11 12.22! 1.11 72% 74.63 0.13 2.18' 0.00 23:00) 4/16/94 NW 22.4 -1.11 12.22 1.11! 69% 74.63' 0.13 2.18' 0.00 23:30 4/16/941 NW! 12.8 -1.1 1 12.22! 1.111 69%i 74.63i 0.13, 2.181 0.00 Min 4/17/94 WNWI 1.6 -3.891 8.891 -4.44 68%1 73.251 0.00 i 2.18! 0.00 Max 4/17/94 SSW 52.8 1.67. 17.221 1. 100% 74.6 2.18 0.00 0:30 4/17/94 NW 9.6 -1.111 12.221 0.561 71% 74.63 0.00 2.18 0.00 1:00 4/17/94 NW 17.6 -1.67 12.22' 0.00 70% 74.63 0.00 2.18 0.00 1:30 4/17/94 NW 12.8 -1.67 12.78. 0.00 69%i 74.63 0.00 2.18 0.00 2:00 4/17/94 NW 12.8 -1.67 12.22 0.00 69% 74.63 0.00 2.18 0.00 2:30 4/17/94 NW 16 -1.67 12.78 0.00 68% 74.63 0.00 2.18 0.00 3:00 4/17/94 WNW 11.2 -1.67 12.78 -0.56 71% 74.68 0.00 2.18 0.00 3:30 4/17/94 NW 14.4 -1.67 12.78 -0.56 70% 74.68 0.00 2.18 0.00 4:00 4/17/94 NW 14.4 -1.67 12.78 -0.56 71% 74.68 0.00 2.18 0.00 4:30 4/17/94 WNW 11.2 -1.67 12.78 -0.56 70% 74.68 0.00 2.18 0.00 5:00 4/17/94 NW 14.4 -1.67 12.78 -1.11 72% 74.73 0.00 2.18 0.00 5:30 4/17/94 NW 11.2 -2.22 12.22 -1.11 72% 74.73 0.00 2.18 0.00 6:00 4/17/94 NW 11.2 -1.67 12.22 -1.11 71% 74.73 0.00 2.18 0.00 6:30 4/17/94 NW 11.2 -1.67 12.22 -0.56 67% 74.78 0.00 2.18 0.00 7:00 4/17/94 NW 14.4 -1.11 12.22 0.56 60% 74.78 0.00 2.18 0.00 7:30 4/17/94 WNW 16 -1.11 12.781 1.67 58% 74.83 0.00 2.18 0.00 8:00 4/17/94 NW 16 -0.56 13.33 2.78 54%1 74.83 0.00 2.18 0.00 8:30 4/17/94 NNW 22.4 -0.56 13.89 3.33 51% 74.88 0.00 2.18 0.10 9:00 4/17/94 NW 14.4 1.11 13.89 3.89 49% 74.88 0.05 2.18 0.00 9:30 4/17/94 WNW 14.4 5.00 15.00 4.44 49% 74.93 0.20 2.24 0.30 10:00 4/17/94 NW 16 13.89 15.56 5.00 50% 74.98 0.36 2.39 0.00 10:30 4/17/94 WNW 20.8 15.00 16.11 4.44 51% 75.03 0.36 2.54 0.00 11:30 4/17/94 WNW 11.2 15.56 16.11 4.44 51% 75.08 0.36 2.54 0.00 11:30 4/17/94 NW 16 17.22 16.11 4.44 52% 75.13 0.36 2.54 0.00 12:00 4/17/94 WNW 17.6 17.22 16.11 5.00 52% 75.13 0.36 2.54 0.00 12:30 4/17/94 WNW 20.8 17.78 16.11 5.00 49% 75.18 0.36 2.54 0.00 13:00 4/17/94 NW 16 16.67 16.67 5.56 45% 75.23 0.36 2.54 0.00 13:30 4/17/94 WNW 17.6 16.11 16.67 5.56 42% 75.29 0.36 2.54 0.00 14:00 4/17/94 NNW 19.2 16.67 16.67 5.56 38% 75.29 0.36 2.54 0.00 14:30 4/17/94 NNW 22.4 15.00 17.22 6.11 37% 75.29 0.36 2.54 0.00 15:00 4/17/94 NNW 22.4 15.00 17.22 6.67 35% 75.34 0.36 2.54 0.00 15:30 4/17/94 WNW 12.8 15.00 17.78 6.11 36% 75.34 0.36 2.54 0.00 16:00 4/17/94 NW 6.4 15.56 17.78 7.22 39% 75.34 0.36 2.54 0.00 16:30 4/17/94 WNW 19.2 12.22 17.78 7.22 36% 75.39 0.36 2.54 0.00 17:00 4/17/94 NW 11.2 12.22 17.78 7.78 35% 75.39 0.36 2.54 0.00 17:30 4/17/94 NW 17.6 9.44 18.33 8.89 35% 75.44 0.36 2.54 0.00 18:00 4/17/94 NW 14.4 6.11 18.33 8.89 34% 75.44 0.36 2.54 0.00 18:30 4/17/94 WNW 11.2 3.891 18.33 8.33 36% 75.44 0.36 2.54 0.00 19:00 4/17/94 WNW 9.6 2.781 17.22 5.56 ' 42%1 75.441 0.36 2.54! 0.00 G18

Wind Wind sped Aux tempi Inside Outside I Humidity Pressure Daily raini Monthly Rainfall Time Date on (kph) (~C)ltemp (~C)temp (~C)1(%) m ( cm) (cm rain (cm) rate (cm) 19:30 4/17/94 NW 12.8 2.221 16.67i 4.441 45%1 75.44 0.361 2.54' 0.00 20:00 4/17/94 NW 14.4 1.671 16.11; 4.441 45%/ 75.44i 0.36i 2.54, 0.00 20:30 4/17/94 WNW 11.2 1.11 15.561 3.891 48%, 75.44: 0.36; 2.54i 0.00 21:00 4/17/94 WNW 4.8 1.111 15.001 3.331 49%~/ 75.44 0.36' 2.541 0.00 21:30 4/17/94 W 4.8 -0.56 14.441 2.781 51%i 75.44; 0.36, 2.54i 0.00 22:00 4/17/94 WSW 4.8 -0.56 13.89i 2.78 54% 75.391 0.36 2.54 0.00 22:30 4/17/94 WNW 6.4 -0.56 13.33: 2.22 56% 75.39i 0.361 2.54 0.00 23:00 4/17/94 WNW 4.8 -0.56 12.78 2.22 56% 75.341 0.36 2.541 0.00 23:30 4/17/94 W 6.4 -0.56 12.78 1.67 57% 75.341 0.36 2.54 0.00 Min 4/18/94 SSE 0 -2.22 10.56 -1.67 33% 74.571 0.00 2.54 0.00 Max 4/18/94 NW 48 20.56 18.89 9.44 72% 75.44 0.00 2.54 0.30 0:30 4/18/94 WSW 3.2 -1.67 1.67 0.56 62% 75.34 0.00 2.54 0.00 1:00 4/18/94 WSW 3.2 -3.33 11.11 -0.56 68% 75.34 0.00 2.54 0.00 1:30 4/18/94 WSW 1.6 -3.89 11.11 -1.67 73% 75.29 0.00 2.54 0.00 2:00 4/18/94 WSW 1.6 -3.89 10.56 -2.22 75% 75.29 0.00 2.54 0.00 2:30 4/18/94 WSW 0 -4.44 10.00 -2.78 81% 75.29 0.00 2.54 0.00 3:00 4/18/94 WSW 1.6 -4.44 10.00 -3.33 84% 75.29 0.00 2.54 0.00 3:30 4/18/94 SW O -4.44 9.44 -3.89 86% 75.29 0.00 2.54 0.00 4:00 4/18/94 SW 1.6 -5.00 8.89 -4.44 89% 75.29 0.00 2.54 0.00 4:30 4/18/94 SW 0 -5.56 8.89 -5.00 96% 75.23 0.00 2.54 0.00 5:00 4/18/94 SW 0 -5.56 8.33 -5.00 95% 75.23 0.00 2.54 0.00 530 4/18/94 WSW 0 -5.56 8.33 -5.00 99% 75.18 0.00 2.54 0.00 6.00 4/18/94 WSW 3.2 -5.00 7.78 -5.00 95% 75.18 0.00 2.54 0.00 6:30 4/18/94 WSW 4.8 -2.78 7.78 -3.33 83% 75.18 0.00 2.54 0.00 7:00 4/18/94 SW 9.6 3.33 7.78 0.56 65% 75.18 0.00 2.54 0.00 7:30 4/18/94 SSW 11.2 7.78 8.89 3.33 62% 75.13 0.00 2.54 0.00 8:00 4/18/94 S 6.4 7.22 12.22 5.00 58% 75.13 0.00 2.54 0.00 8:30 4/18/94 S 9.6 10.00 10.56 6.67 63% 75.18 0.00 2.54 0.00 9:00 4/18/94 S 8 13.89 12.22 8.33 60% 75.13 0.00 2.54 0.00 9:30 4/18/94 SSW 11.2 14.44 14.44 10.56 55% 75.13 0.00 2.54 0.00 10:00 4/18/94 SSW 17.6 16.67 14.44 11.67 52% 75.13 0.00 2.54 0.00 10:30 4/18/94 S 19.2 14.44 14.44 12.78 46% 75.08 0.00 2.54 0.00 11:00 4/18/94 SSW 16 15.56 14.44 13.33 48% 75.03 0.00 2.54 0.00 11:30 4/18/94 S 14.4 20.00 15.56 15.56 42% 74.98 0.00 2.54 0.00 12:00 4/18/94 SSW 35.2 17.78 16.11 15.00 41% 74.93 0.00 2.54 0.00 12:30 4/18/94 SSW 30.4 20.56 16.67 16.11 37% 74.88 0.00 2.54 0.00 13:00 4/18/94 SSW 28.8 17.78 16.67 16.11 32% 74.88 0.00 2.54 0.00 13:30 4/18/94 SSW 25.6 17.22 17.22 16.67 31% 74.83 0.00 2.54 0.00 14:00 4/18/94 S 14.4 14.44 16.67 15.56 33% 74.78 0.00 2.54 0.00 14:30 4/18/94 S 11.2 15.56 16.67 15.56 34% 74.68 0.00 2.54 0.00 15:00 4/18/94 SSW 17.6 16.67 16.67 16.11 34% 74.68 0.00 2.54 0.00 15:30 4/18/94 S 19.2 19.44 17.22 17.22 33% 74.57 0.00 2.54 0.00 16:00 4/18/94 SW 20.8 15.00 16.67 16.11 35% 74.57 0.00 2.54 0.00 16:30 4/18/94 S 11.2 15.00 16.67 16.11 36% 74.47 0.00 2.54 0.00 17:00 4/18/94 S 14.4 15.56 17.22 16.67 37% 74.47 0.00 2.54 0.00 17:30 4/18/94 SW 27.2 15.56 17.22 16.67 39% 74.42 0.00 2.54 0.00 18:00 4/18/94 WSW 14.4 12.22 17.22 14.44 47% 74.47 0.00 2.54 0.00 1830 4/18/94 SW 20.8 11.11 16.67 12.78 62% 74.42 0.00 2.54 0.00 19:00 4/18/94 SW 16 10.56 16.67 11.67 68% 74.37 0.00 2.54 0.00 19:30 4/18/94 WSW 8 9.44 16.11 11.67 71% 74.37 0.00 2.54 0.00 20:00 4/18/94 WSW 12.8 10.00 16.11 11.11 73% 74.32 0.00 2.54 0.00 20:30 4/18/94 WSW 12.8 9.44 16.11 11.11 76% 74.32 0.00 2.54 0.00 21:00 4/18/94 WSW 9.6 7.22 15.56 9.44 81% 74.37 0.00 2.54 0.00 21:30 4/18/94 NNW 17.6 6.67 15.56 9.44 69% 74.47 0.00 2.54 0.00 G19

Wind Wind speed Aux temp Inside Outside Humidity Pressure Daily rain Monthly Rainfall Time Date direction (kph) (~C) temp (0C) temp (C) (%) (cm) cm) rain (cm) rate (cm) 22:00 4/18/94 NNW 12.8 5.56 15.00 7.78 81% 74.47 0.00 2.54 0.00 22:30 4118/94 NW, 16 4.44 14.44 6.11 96% 74.57 0.00 2.54 0.00 23:00 4/18/94 NNW' 22.4' 2.78 14.44 4.44 94% 74.63 0.00 2.54 0.00 23:30' 4/18/94 NNW 17.6 2.22 13.89 3.89 93% 74.68 0.00 2.54 0.00 Mini 4/19/94' WSW' 0 -5.56 5.56 -7.22' 25% 74.27 0.00 2.54 0.00 Max: 4/19/94 SSW' 54.4' 22.22 17.22 17.78; 99% 75.34 0.00 2.54 0.00 0:30 4/19/94! NNW! 11.21 1.67 13.33 3.33! 90%: 74.68 0.00 2.54 0.00 1:001 4/19/941 NW 12.8! 1.11 12.78 3.331 89%' 74.73 0.00 2.54 0.00 1:30 4/19/94 NW 9.6 0.56 12.781 2.781 91%M 74.78; 0.00 2.54 0.00 2:00 4/19/94 NW 12.8 0.561 12.221 2.781 97%! 74.78 0.00! 2.54 0.00 2:30 4/19/94 NW 9.6 0.56 12.22! 2.22 92%! 74.83! 0.001 2.54 0.00 3:00 4/19/94 NW 6.4 0.00 11.67' 2.22 94%1 74.83 i 0.00 2.54' 0.00 3:30 4/19/94 NNW 16 0.00 11.67 2.22 100%! 74.88 0.001 2.54! 0.00 4:00 4/19/94 NNW 16 0.00 11.11 1.67 100% 74.881 0.001 2.541 0.00 4:30 4/19/94 NNW 9.6 -1.11 11.11 1.11 100% 74.931 0.001 2.541 0.00 5:00 4119/94 NW 3.2 -1.671 11.111 0.56j 100%~ 74.93 0.001 2.541 0.00 5:30 4/19/94 WNW 4.8 -2.22! 10.56! 0.00 100%1 74.981 0.00 2.541 0.00 6:00 4/19/94 WNW 3.21 -2.221 10.561 -0.56 97%1 74.98 0.00 2.541 0.00 6:30 4/19/94 WI 4.81 -1.11 10.00 0.00.1 90%i 75.031 0.00 2.541 0.00 7:00 4/19/94 WSWI 3.2 4.441 10.001 2.221 77%1 75.031 0.00 2.54 0.00 7:30 4/19/94 WSWI 3.21 11.67! 10.00i 3.891 74%! 75.031 0.001 2.54 0.00 8:00 4/19/94 WSWJ 8 13.891 10.001 5.00 69%L 75.03 0.00 2.54 0.00 8:30 4/19/94 WSW 11.2 16.11 10.561 6.11 67% 75.03 0.00 2.54 0.00 9:00 4/19/94 WSW 14.4 15.00 10.561 7.78 64% 74.98 0.00 2.54 0.00 9:30 4/19/94 WSW 12.8 20.001 11.111 8.891 52%| 74.98 0.00 2.54 0.00 G20

APPENDIX H: MICHIGAN DAILY PRECIPITATION MAPS

f.. 1, i t, vl Av%\A

r a -- * ---* -- 1.' ii —* 'C' 4

H3

H4

H5

.1.1.1 * C > — - 'S. H6

H7

H8

ii'

S b f-.-:: /- ~- ~~~-~~.~ —, 1 ~ 1 ~ —r~ r -.e 1 H10

X

iii

H13

H14

H15

I I 0)

H17

H18

H19

O~Hr i~!!~T ~q.,.... i,,.: ~._.