THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Civil Engineering Fourth Progress Report METEOROLOGICAL ANALYSIS E. Wendell Hewson Professor of Meteorology Gerald C. Gill Associate Professor of Meteorology Eugene W. Bierly Gr.aduate Research. Assistant Irwin Spickler Assistant in Research UMRI Project 2515 under contract with: POWER REACTOR DEVELOPMENT COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN administered by: THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANN ARBOR January 1960

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PREFACE This report presents the data collected at the Enrico Fermi site from 1 December 1957 to 30 November 1958. The data are tabulated in three appendices to the report. Appendix A contains the wind data, Appendix B the temperature-lapserate data, and Appendix C the precipitation data. The data within each appendix are grouped according to the four seasons of the year with a one-year and a twoyear summary at the end of each appendix. The past three reports have emphasized the special meteorological conditions caused by the nearness of the site to Lake Erie. This fourth report presents no new ideas relative to the lake effect, but instead compares meteorological parameters between the first year, 1957, and the data collected during 1958. We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Gale Biggs, who prepared some of the tables; Mrs. Katalin Racz and Mrs. Delores Wells, who abstracted the data from the chart rolls; and Mrs. Racz and Mr. Robert Sawicki, who drafted the figures. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES xvii ABSTRACT xxi I. COMPARISON OF WIND DATA 1 1. Introduction 2. Wind Directions at the Enrico Fermi Site1 3. Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site II. COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA 7 1. Introduction 7 2. Frequency of Inversions 7 3. The Diurnal Variation of Inversion 8. The Persistance of Inversions8 5. The Association of Lapse Rates with Wind Speed 9 6. The Association of Lapse Rates with Wind Direction 9 III. COMPARISON OF PRECIPITATION DATA i1 1. Introduction 11 2. Seasonal Variations in the Frequency of Precipitation 11 5. The Association of Wind Speed and Wind Direction with Precipitation 12 4. The Association of Precipitation with Lapse Rate 12 5. The Frequency of Continuous Precipitation 12 IV. SUMMARY 15 APPENDIX A. WIND DATA A-1 APPENDIX B. TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA B-i APPENDIX C. PRECIPITATION DATA C-l v

LIST OF TABLES Table Page I Limiting Values of CHI SQUARE 4 I-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Winter, 1957-58; Enrico Fermi Site. A-2 II-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Winter, 1957-58; Toledo Express Airport. A-3 III-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Winter, 1957-58; Detroit City Airport. A-4 IV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Winter, 1957-58; Detroit City Airport. A-5 V-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Winter Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-6 VI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring, 1958; Enrico Fermi Site. A-8 VII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring, 1958; Toledo Express Airport. A-9 VIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring, 1958; Detroit City Airport. A-10 IX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Spring, 1958; Detroit City Airport. A-ll X-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-12 vii

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Summer, 1958; Enrico Fermi Site. A-14 XII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Summer, 1958; Toledo Express Airport. A-15 XIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Summer, 1958; Detroit City Airport. A-16 XIV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Summer, 1958; Detroit City Airport. A-17 XV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Summer Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-18 XVI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Fall, 1958; Enrico Fermi Site. A-20 XVII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Fall, 1958; Toledo Express Airport. A-21 XVIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Fall, 1958; Detroit City Airport. A-22 XIX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Fall, 1958; Detroit City Airport. A-23 XX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Fall Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-24 XXI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Annual, 1957-58; Enrico Fermi Site. A-26 viii

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XXII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Annual, 1957-58; Toledo Express Airport. A-27 XXIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Annual, 1957-58; Detroit City Airport. A-28 XXIV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Annual, 1957-58; Detroit City Airport. A-29 XXV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 5-Year Summary, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airporto A-30 XXVI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58; Enrico Fermi Site. A-32 X(XVII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58; Toledo Express Airport. A-33 XXVIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58; Detroit City Airport. A-34 XXIX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58; Detroit City Airport~ A-35 XXX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 5-Year Summary, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-36 XXXI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (W, WNW, NW, NNW, N, and NNEV) A-38 XXXII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (EFNE) A-38 ix

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XXXIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (E, ESE, SE, SSE, and S) A-38 XXXIV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (SSW) A-39 XXXV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (SW and WSW) A-39 I-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1957-58. B-3 II-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Winter,_ 1957-58. B-3 III-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1957-58. B-4 IV-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Winter, 1957-58. B-5 V-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1957-58. B-6 VI-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1957-58. B-7 VII-B Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1957-58. B-8 VIII-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1958. B-10 IX-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Spring, 1958. B-11 X-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1958. B-12 XI-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Spring, 1958. B-13 x

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XII-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1958. B-14 XIII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1958. B-15 XIV-B Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and. Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1958. B-16 XV-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1958. B-18 XVI-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Summer, 1958. B-19 XVII-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1958. B-20 XVIII-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Summer, 1958. B-21 XIX-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1958. B-22 XX-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1958. B-23 XXI-B Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1958. B-24 XXII-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1958. B-26 XXIII-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Fall, 1958. B-27 XXIV-B Frequency of Continuous.Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1958. B-28 XXV-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Fall, 1958. B-29 xi

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XXVI-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1958. B-30 XXVII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1958. B-31 XXVIII-B Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1958. B-32 XXIX-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. B-34 XXX-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Annual, 1957-58. B-35 XXXI-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. B-36 XXXII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. B-37 XXXIII-B Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. B-58 XXXIV-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. B-40 XXXV-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. B-41 XXXVI-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. B-42 XXXVII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. B-43 XXXVIII-B Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. B-44 xii

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XXXIX-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions by Seasons at the Enrico Fermi Site: 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1957. B-46 XL-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions by Seasons at the WJBK-TV Tower: 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1957. B-47 XLI-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions by Seasons at the Enrico Fermi Site: 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958. B-48 XLII-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions by Seasons at the WJBK-TV Tower: 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958. B-49 XLIII-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958. B-55 XLIV-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversion at the WJBK-TV Tower: 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958. B-56 I-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1957-58. C-3 II-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Winter, 1957-58. c-4 III-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: Winter Seasons, 1950-54. C-5 IV-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1956-57- C-7 V-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1957-58. C-8 VI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1958. C-9 VII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Spring, 1958. C-10 xiii

LIST OF TABLES (.Continued) Table Page VIII-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: Spring Seasons, 1950-54. C-ll IX-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1957. C-13 X-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1958. C-14 XI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1958. C-15 XCI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Summer, 1958. C-16 XIII-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: Summer Seasons, 1950-54. C-17 XIV-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1957. C-19 XV-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1958. C-20 XVI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1958. C-21 XVII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Fall, 1958. C-22 XVIII-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: Fall Seasons, 1950-54. C-23 XIX-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1957. C-25 XX-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1958. C-26 xiv

LIST OF TABLES (Continued.) Table Page XXI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. C-27 XXII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport:- Annual, 1957-58. C-28 XXIII-C The Association of Precipitation with -Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: Annual Summary, 1950-54. C-29 XXIV-C A Comparison of Relative Frequency of Measurable Precipitation. C-31 XXV-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1956-57. C-32 XXVI-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. C-33 XXVII-C Association of Hours of Continuous Precipitation with Lapse Rate and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1956-57. C-34 XXVIII-C Association of Hours of Continuous Precipitation with Lapse Rate and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. C-35 XXIX-C Percentage Occurrence of Continuous Hours of Precipitation Within Lapse-Rate Categories at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1956-57. C-36 XXX-C Percentage Occurrence of Continuous Hours of Precipitation Within Lapse-Rate Categories at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957-58. C-37 XXXI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds' at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. c-38 xv

LIST OF TABLES (Concluded) Table Page XXXII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. C-39 XXXIII-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: Annual Summary, 1950-54 C-40 XXXIV-C Lapse Rate During Precipitation Periods Associated with Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. C-42 XXXV-C Association of Hours of Continuous Precipitation with Lapse Rate and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. C-43 XXXVI-C Percentage Occurrence of Continuous Hours of Precipitation Within Lapse-Rate Categories at the Enrico Fermi Site: 2-Year Summary, 1956-58. C-44 xvi

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 A topographic map of Enrico Fermi site and surroundings. 2 1-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 1957-1958. A-7 2-A Percentage frequency of.occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1958. A-15 3-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1958. A-19 4-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Fall, 1958. A-25 5-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Annual Summary, 1957-1958. A-31 6-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Two-Year Summary, 1956-1958. A-57 7-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean winter wind speed, 1957-1958. A-40 8-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean spring wind speed, 1958o A-41 xvii

LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 9-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean summer wind speed, 1958. A-42 10-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean fall wind speed, 1958. A-43 11-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean annual wind speed, 1957-1958. A-44 12-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean two-year wind speed, 1956-1958. A-45 1-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Enrico Fermi site: Winter, 1957-1958. B-9 2-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Spring, 1958. B-17 3-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Summer, 1958. B-25 4-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Fall, 1958. B-33 5-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Annual Summary, 1957-1958. B-39 6-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Two-Year Summary, 1956-1958. B-45 7-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Winter, 1957-1958. B-50 xviii

LIST OF FIGURES (Concluded) Figure Page 8-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Spring, 1958. B-51 9-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Summer, 19580 B-52 10-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Fall, 1958. B-53 11-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Annual Summary, 1957-1958. B-54 12-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Two-Year Summary, 1956-1958. B-57 1-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 19571958. C-6 2-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1958. C-12 3-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1958. C-18 4-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Fall, 1958. C-24 5-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Annual Summary, 1957-1958. C-30 6-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Two-Year Summary, 1957-1958, C-41 xix

ABSTRACT The wind data from 1958 are compared with those from 1957 using a Chi-square test as a measure of difference. The wind distributions are found to be quite similar, both by direction and by wind speed. Temperature-lapse-rate data are compared in the same manner, and although the difference was larger than with the wind distributions, the data from 1957 and 1958 could be considered as coming from the same population. Due to the natural variability found in the precipitation data, the computed value of Chi-square for the precipitation distributions was found to be significant. xx i

I. COMPARISON OF WIND DATA 1. INTRODUCTION This section contains a discussion of the wind-velocity distributions from 1958 compared with those of 1957. The past several progress reports have emphasized the nearness of the plant site to Lake Erie as the reason for the difference between observations of the wind-velocity distribution at the site and those obtained for the same period of time at Toledo Express Airport or Detroit City Airport, or even the distribution recorded in the five-year combined data from Toledo Municipal Airport. The aim of this discussion is not to emphasize the lake effect, but instead to compare the data of the two years so that differences, if any, and their quality, may be ascertained. As more data become available from the plant site, Toledo Express and Detroit City Airport data will be needed less and less because correlations between Detroit City Airport and Toledo Express Airport on the one hand and the site on the other will not be required. Since the contracting agency expects to retain the meteorological equipment at the plant site for some years to come, a sufficient climatological record will be built up from on-site data to satisfy any need that might arise. The wind records from the Enrico Fermi site, Toledo Express Airport, and Detroit City Airport for the winter, spring, summer, and fall seasons of 1958, together with a one-year summary for 1958 and a two-year summary for the combined years of 1957 and 1958, appear as Appendix A of this report. The five-year record 1950-1954 for Toledo Municipal Airport is also included for comparison and contiiuity. These data are Tables I-A through XXX-A and Figs. 1-A through 6-A. As has been pointed out in the second progress report, the Detroit City record appears to have an 8-point-compass observational bias. In the above mentioned tables, the bias has been removed as described in the last progress report (see Appendix A of UMRI Report 2515-3-P). 2. WIND DIRECTIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE Because any discussion of wind-direction statistics will be relative to the population centers, a topographic map of the site and its surroundings is presented as Fig. 1. A loose copy of the same topographic map is included for use with the tables and figures of the Appendices. In an effort to make a gross comparison of the 1958 wind directions with those of 1957, it was decided to use a Chi-square test to see how well the two 1

DETROIT f XRES / CITY'MNP LAKE AIRPORT nAin 2 II^ f^ sIL I CR WILLOW ~ C; RUN N / IRPORT NE ipVD~ceeA\ / / XE E R \^S^ /X~~~~~~~~v "a t 5' f TOLEDO EXPRESS;~~' SW, MUNIC IPAL AIRPORT ", AIRPORT *5 Fig. 1. A topographic map of Enrico Fermi site and surroundings.

years compared with each other. A Chi-square test is a statistical test used to measure the compatibility of observed and theoretical frequencies. In this report the theoretical frequencies will be represented by the 1957 data while the observed will be the frequencies from 1958. Chi square may be calculated as follows for discrete variables: k (oi-ei)2 X2 = Z -_ i=l ei where k = number of pairs of frequencies to be compared, oi and ei denote the "i"th pair of observed and expected frequencies, and Zoi =-Zei. Table I presents limiting values of Chi square in abridged form. The limiting values of Chi square depend upon a parameter v, which is the number of degrees of freedom, equal to the number of categories being compared minus the number of restrictions. The only restriction in the comparisons of this report is that the total number of individuals, in the hypothetical distribution has to be the same as in the sample distribution. This means that all categories can be filled except the last one and that number is fixed because of the given total. Therefore, in all cases computed in this report, v is the number of categories minus one. In several cases there is so little calm wind that this category is combined with the one before it. The hypothesis to be tested was that the 1958 data come from the population represented by the 1957 data. This assumes that the 1957 data as measured at the Enrico Fermi site are a good representation of the entire weather pictureo The 1958 data are viewed in light of this hypothesis. As long as the computed value of Chi square is smaller than the limiting values at the 1% level in Table I, the hypothesis will be accepted and one can say that the 1958 data are compatible with the data from 1957. In the computation of Chi square, only the yearly summaries were compared since it could be seen from the wind roses that the two years did look quite similar. The value of Chi square computed from the frequencies of occurrence of the 16 wind directions plus the calm condition was 2,68~ This low value of Chi square for 16 degrees of freedom definitely confirms the observation that the wind-direction frequencies from 1957 and 1958 are from the same population. It is of interest to note that the Chi square value for 16 degrees of freedom at the 990 probability level is 5.812. It is true that there are certain seasonal variations, especially in the summer, but the general shapes of the wind roses are quite similar (see Figs. 13-17 in Progress Report No. 3 for comparison purposes). A breakdown of the various wind directions relative to population centers now follows: W, WNW, NW, NNWS N, and NNE combined. The percentage frequency of winds from these several directions combined are tabulated in Table XXXI-A for the Enrico Fermi site, Toledo Express Airport, and Detroit City Airport for the 1958 seasons and for 5 years of the same seasons from 1950-1954 at Toledo Munici5

TABLE I LIMITING VALUES OF CHI SQUARE v 10% 5% 1% o0.1 1 2.71 3.84 6.64 10.83 2 4.61 5.99 9.21 13.82 3 6.25 7.82 11.34 16.27 4 7.78 9.49 13.28 18.46 5 9.24 11.07 15.09 20.52 6 10.64 12.59 16.81 22.46 7 12.02 14.07 18.48 24,32 8 13.36 15.51 20.09 26.12 9 14.68 16.92 21.67 27.88 10 15.99 18.31 23.21 29.59 11 17.28 19.68 24.73 31.26 12 18.55 21.03 26.22 32.91 13 19.81 22.36 27.69 34.53 14 21.06 23.69 29.14 36.12 15 22.31 25.00 30.58 37.70 16 23.54 26.30 32.00 39.25 18 25.99 28.87 34.81 42.31 20 28.41 31.41 37.57 45.32 23 32.01 35.17 41.64 49.73 26 35.56 38.88 45.67 54.05 30 40.26 43.77 50o89 59.70 pal Airport. It has already been shown that the wind-direction distributions from 1957 and 1958 are very similar. By applying a Chi-square test to the Enrico Fermi data of Table XXXI-A and to the same data from 1957 (Table XLIII of Progress Report No. 3), one can tell if there are seasonal differences in this particular wind-direction grouping. The same hypothesis is tested as before, that is, that the 1958 data came from the same population as the 1957 data. The computed value of Chi square was 3.65 with 3 degrees of freedom. Three degrees of freedom have to be used because there are only four seasonal categories. The value is less than the value at the 1% level in Table I, so the hypothesis is accepted. We conclude that, at least for these several wind directions, the seasonal distributions from 1957 and 1958- are samples from the same parent population. ENE Monroe.-Table XXXII-A summarizes the data for the 1958 seasons in the same manner as Table XXXI-A. Table XLV of Progress Report No. 3 shows the 1957 data. Again a Chi-square test was applied, using 3 degrees of freedom. The value computed was 3.87. We again accept the hypothesis that the 1957 and 1958 winds by seasons from the ENE are quite similar. 4

E, ESE, SE, SSE, and S Combined. -Table XXXIII-A lists the percentage frequency of the occurrence of these wind directions at the plant site. Toledo Express Airport, and.Detroit City Airport for the 1958 seasons as well as the same seasons during 1950-1954 from Toledo Municipal Airport. The 1957 data used in the comparison may be found in Table XLIV of Progress Report No. 3. The calculated value of Chi square, using 3 degrees of freedom, was 3.34. Again, the hypothesis is accepted. SSW - Detroit River Communities.-The value of Chi square, using 3 degrees of freedom, computed from Table XXXIV-A of this report and Table XLVI of Progress Report No. 3 was 1.63. This low value of Chi square indicates that the 1958 seasonal data of SSW winds are in closer agreement with the 1957 data than any of the previous wind-direction groupings. Thus any remarks made about the effect of SSW winds in earlier reports may also be applied to the 1958 data. SW and WSW - Ontario Shores. —Table XXXV-A presents the 1958 data which were compared with the data from Table XLVII of Progress Report No. 3. The computed value of Chi square, using 3 degrees of freedom, was 6.95, which is relatively quite high. It means that the probability that the 1958 data are from the same population as the 1957 data is about 8%. Thus we accept the hypothesis. The reason for such a high value is that the summer seasons of 1957 and 1958 were quite different relative to SW and WSW winds. In 1958 there were winds from those directions 24.35 of the time while in 1957 they occurred only 14.9% of the time. This may be attributed to the fact that the general circulation patterns for 1957 and 1958 during the summer season were quite different. The summer of 1957 could be said to have zonal flow while 1958 had meridional flow. Thus all the wind.) directions indicating north to south or south to north movements of the air were of higher frequency in 1958 than in 1957. 3. WIND SPEED AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE Direct comparisons of the wind speeds from the plant site and the airports at Detroit and Toledo are meaningless due to the differences in the heights of the wind instruments, general exposure of the instruments to all wind directions, etc. However, if the mean wind speed for each direction is expressed as a percentage of the overall mean wind speed for all directions, then some comparison may be made. Figures 7-A through 12-A present such a comparison. The wind directions that have an over-water trajectory at the plant are delineated on each figure. The figures show that the winds with an over-water trajectory at Monroe have speeds greater than similar wind directions at Toledo and Detroit. This is as expected and the cause has been explained in the previous reports. The wind-speed distribution at the plant site from 1958 was compared with that. of 1957 on a directional basis using the annual summaries (see Table XXXVIII of Progress Report No. 5 and Table XXI-A of this report). The computed 5

value of Chi square using 15 degrees of freedom was 1.53. Such a value signifies that these two years are very similar relative to wind speed as observed on an annual basis. Here again there are seasonal differences but none that is striking. 6

IIO COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA lo INTRODUCTION The temperature-lapse-rate measurements taken at the plant site are the temperature differences between 100 ft and 25 ft. These differences are categorized as strong lapse rates, those which exceed the dry adiabatic lapse rate; weak lapse rates, those which are intermediate between dry adiabatic and isothermal; and inversions, those where the temperature increases with height. Generally, strong lapse rates are associated with above average diffusion conditions, weak lapse rates with average diffusion conditions, and inversions with poor diffusion conditions. All the tabulated data relative to lapse-rate statistics appear as Appendix B in this report. The temperature-lapse-rate data collected from the plant site have always been compared to the lapse-rate data from the WJBK-TV tower mainly because the WJBK-TV tower reaches to over 800 ft. Thus the comparisons with the WJBK-TV tower's data are important in developing a low-level climatology of the region in and around the plant site. The percentage frequencies of strong lapse> weak lapse, and inversions at the plant site are listed in Tables I-B, VIII-B, XV-Bj XXII-B, XXIX-B, and XXXIV-B. The temperature-lapse-rate data from the WJBK-TV tower are abstracted and summarized in a somewhat different manner from those at the plant site. Because of this, only the relative frequencies of inversions in the layer from 20-300 ft at the WJIBK-TV tower are presented in Tables II-B. IX-B, XVI-B, XXIII-B, XXX-B, and XXXV-B. 2. FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS As mentioned earlier in this report, the general circulation patterns were different in 1957 and in 1958. When discussing the general circulation, one cannot characterize the patterns year by year. It is true that 1957 had a great deal of N-S flow or a low zonal ind.ex throughout most of the year as compared to the normal, but there were periods of relatively high westerlies. It is also true that the early months of 1958 had a high index or a great number of westerly winds, but we cannot say that 1957 was a year of low index and 1958 was a year of high index. If this had been true, then the wind distributions would have been vastly different. To test the frequency of inversions at the plant site from 1958 with the inversions from 1957, a Chi-square test was performed using the data from Table XXXIII-B and the data from Table XII of Progress Report No. 35 The value of Chi square computed was 22.40 for the occurrence of inversions using 16 degrees of 7

freedom. We must again accept the hypothesis that the year 1958 is a part of the same population as 1957. See Table Io Seasonal comparisons could be made from Tables VII-B, XIV-B, XXI-B, and XXVIII-B, but any differences noted would only be a result of the particular synoptic patterns predominating during the seasons under consideration. In lapse-rate data, quite a bit of variability is to be expected from year to year and this is exactly what has been observed. The lapse-rate summaries for 1957 indicated that there was a greater frequency of inversions at the WJBK-TV tower than at the plant site for every season of the year. The 1958 data do not bear out this observation; in fact, the opposite was observed in 1958 except in the spring season when there were more inversions at WJBK-TV tower than at the plant site. The 1958 data seem quite plausible and in fact more realistic than the 1957 data when one considers that the plant site has afternoon inversions caused by the lake-breeze effect in addition to the nocturnal and circulation inversions that would influence the WJBKTV tower and the plant site. The inversion frequency for the WJBK-TV tower and the plant site seem to be in phase by seasons for 1958 with a minimum occurring in the winter and a maximum in the summer. The inversion frequencies for 1957 are somewhat out of phase, with the minimum occurring at the plant site in the fall and the minimum at WJBK-TV tower occurring in the spring. The maximum occurs at both stations in the summer as expected. Thus the 1958 seasonal distribution seems to be closer to what would be expected in the area than the 1957 distribution. 3. THE DIURNAL VARIATION OF INVERSION The hourly frequency of inversions for 1958 at the plant site and WJBK-TV tower is listed in Tables XXXIX-B to XLIV-B and demonstrated visually in Figs. 7-B to 12-B. The 1958 data show a distribution similar to that for 1957. WJBKTV tower has a diurnal distribution of inversions typical of a land station. There is a single maximum in the evening caused by nocturnal cooling of the earth's surface and the single minimum during the day. The plant site has an entirely different distribution because of the closeness to Lake Erie. It has superimposed upon the normal distribution a second maximum in the afternoon caused by the sea-breeze inversion. Thus where WJBK-TV tower has a minimum during the day, the plant site has a great many inversions. 4. THE PERSISTANCE OF INVERSIONS The duration of inversion periods is an important factor when considering the diffusion of an effluent. The long-term inversion is probably more important to the operation of the Enrico Fermi plant rather than short-period inversions because it is under the long-term inversion conditions when long travel distance 8

may occur and hence large areas are influenced. For this reason, a study of continuous inversion frequencies for a period of six hours or longer has been made at the WJBK-TV tower and the plant site; results are given in Tables III-B, X-B, XVII-B, and XXIV-B for the plant site and Tables IV-B, XI-B, XVIII-B, and XXV-B for WJBK-TV tower. The number of occurrences of inversions six hours in duration or longer is greater at WJBK-TV tower than at the plant site for both 1957 and 1958. However, the plant site has many shorter period inversions than at the WJBK-TV tower due to the sea-breeze inversions. Thus the plant site is influenced by the normal nocturnal and circulation inversions plus the sea-breeze inversions. The net result is that the inversions climatology at the plant site is quite different from that at the WJBK-TV tower. 5. THE ASSOCIATION OF LAPSE RATES WITH WIND SPEED Theoretically speaking, wind speeds during inversion periods should be less than wind speeds during lapse conditions. This is caused by the fact that the stability of the atmosphere during inversion periods inhibits most vertical motion, and hence any lateral motion near the surface which must necessarily accompany such vertical motions is also inhibited. To study such behavior at the plant site, Tables VII-B, XIV-B, XXI-B, XXVIII-B, XXXIII-B, and XXXVIII-B were prepared. These tables list the frequency of inversion and noninversion conditions together with the average wind speeds for these conditions according to the various wind directions. Generally speaking, the average wind speed is greater during periods of noninversions than the wind speed during inversions for every season of 1957 and 1958. However, there are some seasons when winds from the SSE, S, SSW, and SW actually have higher speeds during inversions than during noninversions. A possible explanation for this may be that inversions under these conditions occur with an influx of warm air when the pressure gradient is stronger than it norftally would be when the winds are from those directions during periods of noninversions. A Chi-square test using 15 degrees of freedom was run on the mean wind speeds accompanying the inversion conditions using the data in Table XXXIII-B and Table XII of Progress Report No. 3. As expected, the value of Chi square was low, 5.65, indicating again that we must accept the hypothesis stated before. 6. THE ASSOCIATION OF LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION To determine the distribution of lapse-rate categories with wind direction, Tables V-B, XII-B, XIX-B, XXVI-B, XXXI-B, and XXXVI-B have been included. Columns 5, 6, and 7 of these tables list the percentage frequency of any wind direction within each lapse-rate category. For example, during the winter season 9

of 1958 (Table V-B), there were 25 occurrences of a N wind and a strong lapse rate. There were 895 occurrences of strong lapse rate during the season. Thus the percentage frequency of N wind within the strong-lapse-rate category is 25/895 or 2.8%. The last three columns present the percentage frequency of lapse rates for each wind direction as a percentage of the total lapse rate observations. Again using Table V-B, there were 25 occurrences of a N wind and a strong lapse rate. A total of 1872 observations were made during that period so the percentage frequency of N winds and strong lapse rates expressed as a percentage of the total observations is 25/1872 = 1.3%. The winter and spring seasons of 1958 look quite similar to the 1957 seasons of winter and spring. The summer and fall seasons of 1958 are different from the same seasons of 1957. As mentioned in part 2 of this section of the report, the Chi-square test comparing 1958 with 1957 led us to accept the hypothesis that these are two samples from the same population. 10

III. COMPARISON OF PRECIPITATION DATA 1o INTRODUCTION Precipitation is one of the most important weather phenomena when considering any air-pollution problems. The scavenging action of precipitation on any gaseous or particulate matter may be either helpful or harmful to the surrounding inversions, depending upon one's position relative to the precipitation. Should precipitation take place upwind from a given position, the scavenging action is helpful. Should the precipitation take place over a given area, the washout effects could become a problem. The data relative to precipitation at the Enrico Fermi site are presented in Appendix C of this report. 2. SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY OF PRECIPITATION Precipitation is one weather element that is quite variable. In fact, Landsberg and Jacobsl claim that 30 years of data are necessary to establish a stable precipitation distribution. Therefore it is expected that there will be large departures from year to year, especially since the general circulation patterns were different in 1957 and 1958. Table XXIV-C shows the comparison at the plant site and Toledo Express Airport for 1957 and 1958 as well as the Toledo Municipal Airport average for the five-year period 1951-1954. Every season in 1958 had a greater frequency of precipitation than the corresponding season in 1957, both at the plant site and at Toledo Express Airport. During 1957 at the plant site, the maximum frequency was during the spring while the minimum was in the summer season. The maximum frequency of precipitation at the plant during 1958 was in the winter and the minimum was in the spring. An interesting note to show variability at the plant is that the wettest season of 1957 was the driest season of 1958. A Chi-square test was used again to test the hypothesis that the 1958 distribution was from the same population as the 1957 one. The data used were from Table XXI-C and from Table LX of Progress Report No. 3. The computed value of Chi square was 58.87 with 15 degrees of freedom. This value is definitely significant, and as a result we must reject the hypothesis for the first time. Of course, when dealing with precipitation statistics, this result may be expected. 1o Landsberg, Ho, and Jacobs, W. C., Compendium of Meteorology (1951), p. 979. 11

3, THE ASSOCIATION OF WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION WITH PRECTPITATION Because the effect of scavenging is dependent on the area over which such action might occur, the distribution of precipitatJon with wind velocity is of great importance. Tables I-C to III-C, VI-C to VIII-C, XI-C to XITI-C, XVI-C to XVIII-C, XXI-C to XXIII-C, and XXXI-C to XXXIII-C list the distribution of precipitation with wind direction at the plant site and Toledo Express Airport for the several seasons 1958, annual 1958, and a two-year summary. These tables also include the 5 years of data from Toledo Municipal Airport for the same seasons of the year. Figures 1-C to 6-C present the data visually. In general, the precipitation of 1957 and 1958 is associated with above average wind speeds. Precipitation during the winter is most frequently associated with SW to WNW winds. These winds may be characterized as associated with pre-cold and post-cold frontal activity. In the spring, the precipitation distribution indicates the presence of both warm and cold frontal activity since easterly and westerly winds predominate in the distribution. The summer and fall seasons show a predominance of SW winds, indicating that precold-frontal precipitation is prevelant. 4. THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH LAPSE RATE The association of precipitation with the three different lapse-rate categories by wind direction is presented in Tables IV-C, V-C, IX-C, X-C, XIV-C, XV-C, XIX-C, XX-C, XXV-C, XXVI-C, and XXXIV-C. These tables were prepared in a similar manner to Tables VI-C, XII-C, XIX-C, XXXI-C, and XXXVI-C except that there is a mean wind speed associated with each wind-direction lapse-rate category in the first set of tables. In general, both sets of tables indicate that precipitation during strong lapse conditions predominates for all seasons of 1957 and 1958o This is as would be normally expected. Fortunately, the occurrence of precipitation under inversion conditions is fairly infrequent T In 1957 the combination of precipitation and inversion occurred only 1.2% of the time, while in 1958 they occurred 3.5% of the time. 5o THE FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION Tables XXIX-C, XXX-C,and XXXVI-C list the percentage frequencies of individual hours of continuous precipitation from 1 hour to greater than 15 hours within the three lapse-rate categories. In 1957, almost 60% of the time, the duration of precipitation was 2 hours or less. During 1958 the duration of precipitation lasted for 5 hours or less for about 60o of the time when precipitation occurred. The association of hours of continuous precipitation with lapse-rate categories and wind directions is contained in Tables XXVII-C, XXVIII-C, and XXXV-Co 12

The average lengths of continuous precipitation were higher in 1958 than in 1957, indicating that precipitation of a short, showery type predominated in 1957, while the steady, warm frontal type predominated in 1958. 13

IV. SUMMARY 1. The wind-direction and wind-speed distributions for 1957 and 1958 may be considered quite similar. 2. The frequency of inversions at the plant site from 1957 and 1958 indicate that both samples are from the same population. 35. The 1958 inversion data show that there was a higher frequency of inversions at the site than at the WJBK-TV tower, which is opposite of what the observations showed in 1957. The 1958 data agree more with what would be expected. 4. The plant site diurnal inversion pattern has a minimum in the late morning, a secondary maximum in the afternoon, and a primary maximum in the late evening or early morning. 5. The sea-breeze effect causes a great many short-period inversions at the plant site. 6. Wind speeds during inversion periods are higher than would normally be expected at a land station. 7. The precipitation data from 1958 showed a greater frequency than for 1957, so the computed value of Chi square was significant. 8. Precipitation at the plant site is associated with above average wind speeds and strong-lapse-rate conditions. 9. In general, the two years of 1957 and 1958 are quite similar in the distributions of the meteorological parameters. 15

APPENDIX A WIND DATA

TABLE I-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Speed mph TotalM Wind 32 Total Observations ean Speed Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and of OverOver Over No mph all Mean N 1.0 1.4 2.4 2.4 48 14.1 93 NNE 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.9 37 13.7 90 NE 0.8 1.8 0.1 2.7 2.7 51 15.6 103 ENE 0.1 0.7 2.0 0.6 3.3 3.4 64 17.6 116 E 0.1 1.0 2.5 0.5 4.0 4.1 79 16.5 108 ESE 0.1 1.6 1.1 2.7 2.8 54 12.2 80 SE 0.6 1.4 0.2 2.2 2.2 43 16.2 107 SSE 0.7 1.3 0.1 2.1 2.1 40 15.6 103 S 0.1 2.2 1.7 0.4 4.3 4.4 84 13.6 89 SSW 0.1 3.1 3.6 0.4 7.1 7.2 136 14.3 94 SW 0.1 2.4 5.6 0.2 8.2 8.3 160 15.6 103 WSW 5.9 9.5 0.5 15.9 15.9 307 14.8 97 W 0.1 4.6 7.4 0.4 0.1 12.5 12.6 242 14.9 98 WNW 0.1 2.2 7.6 0.6 10.4 10.5 202 16.7 110 NW 0.1 2.6 7.9 0.5 11.0 11.1 215 16.4 1o8 NNW 0.1 2.4 4.8 0.5 7.7 7.8 151 15.6 103 Calm 1.0 1.0 20 0.0 Totals 2.0 32.7 60.6 5.0 0.1 98.4 100.4 1933 Mean 15.2 100 A-2

TABLE II-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instrument at height of 72 ft) 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No mph o f OverOver Over all Mean N 0.3 4.2 1.7 5.9 6.2 134 10.6 94 NNE 0.1 1.2 0.5 1.7 1.8 40 10.4 92 NE 0.3 2.4 0.3 2.7 3.0 65 8.5 75 ENE 0.1 1.7 1.1 2.8 2.9 62 11.8 104 E 0.1 3.5 1.3 4.8 4.9 105 10.8 96 ESE 0.1 1.3 0.2 1.5 1.6 36 8.6 76 SE 0.4 2.4 0.3 2.7 3.1 67 8.1 72 SSE 0.1 2.4 0.5 2.9 3.0 64 9.6 85 S 0.4 3.6 1.8 o.1 5.5 5.9 126 11.0 97 SSW 0.1 2.4 2.0 4.4 4.5 96 12.6 112 SW 0.1 5.4 5.6 0.1 0.1 11.2 11.3 243 13.4 119 WSW 0.1 7.1 6.6 0.1 13.8 13.9 298 13.1 116 W 0.3 8.8 4.3 13.1 13.4 289 11.2 99 WNW 0.2 5.7 1.7 7.4 7.6 164 10.1 89 NW 0.4 6.4 3.1 9.5 9.9 214 11.0 97 NNW 0.1 5.0 2.1 7.1 7.2 157 11.0 97 Calm Totals 35.2 635 3355.1 0. 0.1 97.0 100.2 2160 Mean 11.3 100 A-3

TABLE III-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Speed, mph Totalan Speed Wind l5pe, h 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. mph of Over-...... Ov er, 0 No..n.h. Over Over /0 all Mean N o.6 4.5 4.5 9.0 9.6 207 12.5 90 NIME 0.3 1.7 o.6 2.3 2.6 55 9.8 71 NE 0.1 2.0 0.4 2.4 2.5 54 9.2 66 ENE 0.1 1.2 1.0 2.2 2.3 48 12.5 90 E 0.5 2.8 1.2 4.0 4.5 96 10.1 73 ESE 0.1 1.8 0.9 2.7 2.8 62 11.1 80 SE 0.3 1.9 0.6 2.5 2.8 62 9.6 69 SSE 0.3 1.4 o.8 2.2 2.5 55 10.7 77 S 0.5 4.2 2.6 6.8 7.3 156 11.4 82 SSW 0.1 1.0 3.1 4.1 4.2 91 15.7 113 sw 3.4 6.9 0.1 10.4 10.4 224 15.2 109 WSW 0.1 2.9 4.4 0.1 7.4 7.5 159 14.3 103 W 0.1 3.8 4.7 0.4 8.9 9.0 192 14.4 104 WNW 0.1 2.7 6.7 0.4 0.1 9.9 10.0 215 15.9 114 NW 0.2 3.9 9.1 0.9 0.1 14.0 14.2 309 16.0 115 NNW 0.l 1.2 6.3 0.2 7.7 7.8 167 17.1 123 Calm 0.4 0.4 8 0.0 Totals 3.9 40.4 53.8 2.1 0.2 96.5 100.4 2160 Mean 13.9 100 A-4

TABLE IV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Wind._ Total Observations Wind Biased Record Unbiased Record Direction | No, | No. N 207 9.6 159 7.4 NNE 55 2.6 61 2.8 NE 54 2.5 41 1.9 ENE 48 2.5 57 2.6 E 96 4.5 83 3.8 ESE 62 2.8 71 5.5 SE 62 2.8 51 2.4 SSE 55 2.5 68 3. S 156 7.3 116 5.4 SSW 91 4.2 138 6.4 SW 224 10.4 182 8.4 WSW 159 7.5 190 8.8 W 192 9.0 174 8.1 WNW 215 10.0 252 11.7 NW 509 14.2 271 12.5 NNW 167 7.8 258 11.0 Calm 8 0.4 8 0.4 Totals 2160 100.4 2160 100.0 A-5

TABLE V-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Winter Seasons) Speed, mph TotalMean Speed Mean Speed Wind 25 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and No mph of OverOver Over No. mph all Mean N 0.3 23 1.0 35.4 5, 6 395 10.1 78 NNE 0.1 1.8 1.6 0.1 354 35-6 385 12 4 96 NE 0.2 3.9 1.8 0.1 3.8 4.0 432 12.3 95 ENE 0.2 2.1 2.8 0.4 5.53 55 591 143. 111 E 0.3 2.6 1.4 4LO( 4.3 467 10.1 78 ESE 0.2 2.0 0.6 2.5 2.8 301 9.1 71 SE 0.3 2.3 0.7 3.0 3.3 352 8.9 69 SSE 0,2 2.2 1.3 3 6 3.8 411 11 1 86 S 0.4 3.2 3.4 0.2 6.8 7.2 777 12.9 100 SSW 0.2 4.8 6.5 0o8 12.1 12.3 1330 14.5 112 SW 0.3 5.7 7.1 1.0 13.8 14.1 1524 14.1 109 WSW 0,3 5.4 6.6 o10 12.9 1352 1429 l4. 109 W 0.3 3.6 2.9 0.2 6.8 7.2 774 12.1 94 WNW 0.1 2.6 3.5 0.5 6.7 6.8 732 143. 111 NW 0.2 2.1 2.7 0.2 5.0 553 570 1305 105 NNW 0.1 1.2 2.2 0.1 2.6 2o7 295 12.5 97 Calm 0.5 o_ 5 59 0. Totals 359 45.8 45.1 4.7 95.6 100.0 10824Mean 12. 9 100 A-6

N N NW/ \ NE NW NE- hi 1 / iy 15%a mpmh S^^ L/J 15% amph W -- -t 0.5 Ej —E W 0C = o4 |lE —-E S W SE SW E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81ft. Winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) 1950-1954 Winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) 1958 N N NW/ X NE N W NE^- ^ < 15/ % _ mf 15 %amph 8 mph W E W SW E\ S S SE S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72ft. Aerovane at Height of 102ft. Winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) 1958 Winter (Dec.,Jon., Feb.) 1958 Fig. 1-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 1957-1958. A-7

TABLE VI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Speed, mph Total Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No mp of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.1 2.8 1.1 0.1 4.0 4.1 89 12.1 88.3 NNE 0.1 3.1 3.0 0.1 6.2 6.3 138 13.2 96.4 NE 0.1 1.5 9.0 1.1 11.6 11.7 258 17.9 130.7 ENE 0.1 2.5 5.2 0.5 8.2 8.3 180 15.7 114.6 E 0.1 1.8 3.2 1.1 0.3 6.4 6.5 143 17.7 129.2 ESE 0.1 2.1 2.2 0.2 0.1 4.6 4.7 102 14.4 105.1 SE 3.1 1.2 4.3 4.3 95 10.9 79.6 SSE 0.1 2.5 0.9 3.4 3.5 77 10.4 75.9 s 2.8 o.6 3.4 3.4 75 10.0 73.0 SSW 0.1 3.8 1.6 5.4 5.5 122 11.0 80.3 SW 0.1 3.5 2.8 0.1 6.4 6.5 141 12.7 92.7 WSW 4.6 3.2 0.1 7.9 7.9 174 12.7 92.7 W 0.1 4.7 3.2 0.1 8.0 8.1 180 12.5 91.2 WNW 0.1 3.4 4.0 0.1 0.1 7.6 7.7 169 13.8 100.7 NW 0.1 2.8 3.8 0.1 6.7 6.8 147 14.1 102.9 NNW 5.0 2.1 0.1 5.2 5.2 114 12.5 91.2 Calm 0.2 0.2 4 0.0 0.0 Totals 1.4 48.0 47.1 35.5 0.7 99.3 10c.7 2208 Mean 135.7 100 A-8

TABLE VII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instrument at height of 72 ft) 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Speed, mph TotalMean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and N mph o of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.3 3.8 1.5 5.3 5.6 125 10.5 88.2 GNE 0.3 3.0 1.4 4.4 4.7 103 10.6 89.1 NE 0.3 6.3 3.1 9.4 9.7 215 11.1 93.3 ENE 0.1 4.5 5.3 9.8 9.9 217 13.6 114.3 E 0.1 3.8 4.7 0.1 8.6 8.7 192 13.9 116.8 ESE 0.1 3.2 1.0 4.2 4.3 97 10.3 86.6 SE 0.1 1.4 0.4 1.8 1.9 42 9.5 79.8 SSE 0.1 1.4 0.5 1.9 2.0 46 10.1 84.9 S 0.1 2.4 0.3 2.7 2.8 63 8.8 73.9 SSW 0.1 2.3 1.4 3.7 3.8 85 11.8 99.2 SW 0.1 3.8 3.1 0.1 7.0 7.1 156 12.8 107.6 WSW 0.1 6.3 5.1 0.1 11.5 11.6 256 12.8 107.6 W 0.1 5.3 2.6 0.1 0.1 8.1 8.2 178 11.7 98.3 WNW 0.1 3.6 3.0 0.1 6.7 6.8 148 12.8 107.6 NW 0.4 5.2 2.5 7.7 8.1 177 11.0 92.4 NNW 0.1 3.0 1.7 4.7 4.8 106 11.6 97.5 Calm 0.1 0.1 2 0.0 0.0 Totals 2.6 59.3 37.6 0.4 0.2 97.5 100.1 2208 Mean 11.9 100 A-9

TABLE VIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Speed. mph TotalMen Wind. lS d 5mh 32 Total Observations p Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No m of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.8 7.6 3.7 11.3 12.1 266 10.8 90.0 NNE 0.3 5.0 2.3 0.1 7.4 7.7 168 11.0 91.7 NE 0.5 5.7 5.2 10.9 11.4 249 12.5 104.2 ENE 0.3 3.0 2.2 5.2 5.5 121 11.8 98.3 E 0.4 3.5 2.9 6.4 6.8 150 12.0 100.0 ESE 0.1 2.0 0.6 2.6 2.7 61 9.9 82.5 SE 0.1 3.4 1.0 4.4 4.5 98 10.1 84.2 SSE 0.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 27 8.1 67.5 S 0.2 4.7 0.4 5.1 5.3 117 8.4 70.0 SSW 0.1 2.4 1.1 3.5 3.6 80 11.2 93.3 SW 0.2 3.4 2.6 0.1 6.1 6.3 138 12.3 102.5 WSW 1.7 1.6 3.3 35. 73 13.0 108.3 W 1.0 5.0 4.2 0.3 0.1 9.6 10.6 236 12.4 103.3 WNW 0.1 1.9 4.5 0.4 0.1 6.9 7.0 154 15.8 131.7 NW 0.2 2.6 5.1 0.1 7.8 8.0 175 14.6 121.7 NNW 0.1 1.0 2.3 3.3 3.4 75 14.8 123.3 Calm 0.9 _0.9 20 0. 0.0 Totals 5.4 54.0 39.7 1.0 0.2 94.9 100.3 2208 Mean 12.0 100 A-10

TABLE IX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Wind __ Total Observations Wiretnd Biased Record IUnbiased Record Direction No e No N 266 12.1 199 9.0 NNE 168 7.7 254 11.5 NE 249 11.4 203 9.2 ENE 121 5.5 162 7.3 E 150 6.8 117 5.3 ESE 61 2.7 85 3.8 SE 98 4.5 67 3.0 SSE 27 1.2 42 1.9 S 117 5.3 85 3.8 SSW 80 3.6 117 5.5 SW 138 6.3 104 4.7 WSW 73 3.3 109 4.9 W 236 10.6 185 8.4 WNW 154 7.0 216 9.8 NW 175 8.o 136 6.2 NNW 75 3.4 107 4.8 Calm 20 0.9 20 0.9 Totals 2208 100.3 2208 99.8 A-11

TABLE X-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Spring Seasons) S eed, mph Total......... Sn e' e'd', mph, Mean Speed Wind 25 Total Observationsn Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and.... % of OverOver Over p NO mph all Mean N 003 2,9 1.0 359 4.2 468 9.1 72 NNE 0 1 9 l2 35 32 1 11o. 87 NE o02 3.0 2,7 5.8 6,0 667 11.8 93 ENE 0.2 4.1 6.5 0.7 11.2 114o 1258 14'6 115 E 004 3.8 3.0 0.1 6.9 7.3 811 11.4 90 ESE 0.2 2.2 0.7 30 3.2 3550 9.4 74 SE 0.3 23 0.5 2.7 3.0 332 8,,4 66 SSE 0.2 1.8 0.9 0.1 2.7 2,9 323 11.0 87 S 0.3 2.9 1.8 0.2!- 9 5.3 582 11.7 92 SSW 0.2 3.1 3.5 0,4 7.0 7o2 796 13.7 108 SW 0.4 4.8 4.4 0.7 9.8 10.2 1127 13.3 105 WSW 0.3 4.2 5.4 0,9 10.4 10,8 1189 14.3 113 W 0.2 356 357 0.4 7.7 8.0 881 13.4 106 WNW 0.3 2.4 4.7 0.4 7 7.8 865 14,9 117 NW 0.1 2.2 3.1 0.3 5.6,58 636 14,0 110 NNW 0.2 1.7 o.8 0.1 2.6 2.8 307 10.6 83 Calm 0.9 _ 0.9 97 0.0 Totals 359 46.9 4359 45,3 95.2 100.0 11040 Mean 12.7 100 A-12

N N NW NE NW \ NE 15%aNmph 15% a mph W E WW SE S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Spring (Mar., Apr., May.) 1950-1954 Spring (Mar., Apr., May,) 1958 N N NW/^ ^ ^\ NE NW /^ /\N E N >^ / ~15% a mph /(% IS mph W 0. E W E0.2 SW /'\ E W SE S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Spring (Mar., Apr., May.) 1958 Spring (Mar., Apr., May.) 1958 Fig. 2-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1958. A-15

TABLE XI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) Speed, mph TotalM Wind 32 Total Observations p Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No h a of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.3 2.3 0.6 2.9 3.2 71 9.4 87.0 NNE 0. 3.1 0.9 4.0 4.1 90 10.0 92.6 NE 0.2 1.4 1.6 3.0 3.2 71 12.8 118.5 ENE 0.3 1.4 1.9 3.3 3.6 79 13.0 120.4 E 2.3 1.9 4.2 4.2 92 12.8 118.5 ESE 0.2 2.3 1.9 4.2 4.4 98 12.3 113.9 SE 0.1 3.7 1.9 5.6 5.7 128 11.4 105.6 SSE 0.1 5.3 1.4 6.7 6.8 152 10.0 92.6 S 0.1 5.4 0.7 6.1 6.2 138 9.0 83. SSW 0.2 6.9 2.4 9.3 9.5 210 10.5 97.2 SW 0.2 8.0 4.8 12.8 13.0 287 11.8 109.3 WSW 0.2 8.0 3.1 11.1 11.3 249 10.7 99.1 W 0.3 5.2 2.3 0.1 7.6 7.9 174 11.1 102.8 WNW 0.4 3.8 2.0 5.8 6.2 136 11.1 102.8 NW 0.1 3.4 0.6 4.0 4.1 92 9.3 86.1 NNW 0.2 4.6 0.7 5.3 5.5 123 9.1 84.3 Calm o.8 0.0 0.8 18 0.0 0.0 Totals 3.8 67.1 28.7 0.1 95.9 99.7 2208 Mean 10.8 100 A-14

TABLE XII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 72 ft) 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) Speed, mph.Total Sp Wind 32 Total Observations Mean Sp Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. m of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.4 3.9 0.9 4.8 5.2 115 9.3 86.9 NNE 0.4 4.3 0.9 5.2 5.6 123 9.3 86.9 NE 0.2 3.5 o.6 4.1 4.3 95 9.1 85.0 ENE 0.4 2.3 0.4 2.7 3.1 68 8.5 79.4 E 0.5 2.6 1.5 4.1 4.6 102 10.8 100.9 ESE 0.4 3.9 0.9 4.8 5.2 115 9.2 86.0 SE 0.5 3.2 0.2 3.4 3.9 86 7.6 71.0 SSE 0.3 3.2 0.1 3.3 3.6 80 7.8 72.9 S 0.3 4.4 0.9 5.3 5.6 123 9.4 87.8 SSW 0.4 5.1 2.7 7.8 8.2 180 11.2 104.7 SW 0.4 5.9 6.6 0.1 12.6 13.0 287 13.2 123.4 WSW 0.3 7.6 7.4 0.2 15.2 15.5 341 13.1 122.4 W 0.1 4.2 2.1 6.3 6.4 142 11.3 105.6 WNW 0.2 4.1 2.4 6.5 6.7 149 11.7 109.3 NW 0.1 2.9 0.8 0.1 3.8 3.9 85 9.9 92.5 NNW 0.4 3.2 o.6 3.8 4.2 93 9.0 84.1 Calm 1.1 1.1 24 0.0 0.0 Totals 6.4 64.3 29.0 0.4 93.7 100.1 2208 Mean 10.7 100 A-15

TABLE XIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) Speed. mph TotalMean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. mph % of Over-._,.._ _Over Over all Mean N 1.5 6.0 1.3 7.3 8.8 195 8.4 77.1 NNE 0.4 3.8 1.1 4.9 5.3 116 9.8 89.9 NE 0.1 2.1 0.4 2.5 2.6 58 9.1 83.5 ENE 0.4 2.0 0.5 2.5 2.9 64 9.0 82.6 E 0.9 5.1 0.7 5.8 6.7 149 8.3 76.1 ESE 0.3 2.7 0.4 3.1 3.4 74 8.6 78.9 SE 0.7 4.7 0.5 5.2 5.9 131 8.2 75.2SSE 0.1 2.7 0.5 3.2 3.3 75 9.4 84.4 S 0.7 8.8 2.1 10.9 11.6 256 9.5 87.2 SSW 0.1 3.4 1.8 5.2 5.3 117 11.5 105.5 SW 0.1 4.6 7.4 12.0 12.1 268 14.4 132.1 WSW 0.1 2.6 3.0 5.6 5.7 126 13.4 122.9 W 0.4 4.5 4.2 0.4 9.1 9.5 210 13.1 120.2 WNW 0.1 1.8 2.5 0.2 0.1 4.6 4.7 101 14.9 136.7 NW 0.3 3.6 3.2 0.1 6.9 7.2 158 12.7 116.5 NNW 0.2 1.9 1.2 3.1 3.3 74 11.4 104.6 Calm 1.6 1.6 36 0.0 0.0 Totals 8.o 60.3 30.8 0.7 0.1 91.9 99.9 2208 Mean 10.9 100 A-16

TABLE XIV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) Win Total Observations WDindectio Biased Record Unbiased Record NDirection o. %No. N 195 8.8 163 7.4 NNE 116 5.3 133 6.0 NE 58 2.6 52 2.4 ENE 64 2.9 72 35. E 149 6.7 117 5.3 ESE 74 3.4 110 5.0 SE 131 5.9 96 4.3 SSE 75 3.3 119 5.4 S 256 11.6 182 8.2 SSW 117 5.3 206 9.3 SW 268 12.1 200 9.1 WSW 126 5.7 192 8.7 W 210 9.5 162 7.5 WNW 101 4.7 140 6.3 NW 158 7.2 117 5.3 NNW 74.33 111 5.0 Calm 36 1.6 36 1.6 Totals 2208 99.9 2208 99.9 A-17

TABLE XV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Summer Seasons) Speed, mph TotalMean Speed Wind 25 Total Observations M. Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and N of OverOver Over 1 NO, mph all Mean N 0.7 3.3 o06 3.9,io6 i09 7.8 91 NNE 3 2.4 o08 532 355 391 9o1 106 NE O0.6 3o7 1o 3 5 0 5o6 619 9o1 106 ENE Oo6 4,9 2,2 7o1 7o7 849 99 115 E 0.7 4,1 oo6 4o7 5o4 604 7o7 90 ESE 0o4 2.5 0ol 2.6 300 330 6.4 74 SE 0.7 303 o.1 3.4 4oi 456 6,0 70 SSE 0o6 2.9 0,3 352 3o8 416 6o7 78 S 0o7 5o2 0o7 5,9 6.6 727 7o6 88 SSW 0.7 606 2o4 o 1 9o1 9o8 1086 9,7 113 SW 1.1 9o0 3.1 0ol 12o2 13.3 1463 9.1 106 WSW 0o7 5o5 2.6 0.1 8o2 8.9 973 9,7 113 W 0o8 4.1 1.4 5o5 6o3 705 8,8 102 WN\W o,5 3.8 2o1 5.9 6,4 721 10.5 122 NW o07 2.9 1o3 4,2 o 9 545 9o3 108 rNW o 5 2o2 0.8 3o0 3 5 394 8.8 102 Calm 2 ____ 2,3 252 0 0 Totals 12o6 66o4 20o4 0o3 87o1 99o7 110140 Me an 8,6 100 A-18

N N NW/ ^ NE N W 15% a mph / v/ 15% E mph W 2 3 SE W IE 9W.. _~~SE SW' E'_~~ S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Summer (June, July, Aug.) 1950-1954 Summer (June, July, Aug.) 1958 N N NW/\ NE NW/ \ /N NE /15% \a mph / / 15 % a mph 10 W ~ X @ H E W 0 8 E SW / SE SW \ SE S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Summer (June, July, Aug.) 1958 Summer (June, July, Aug.) 1958 Fig. 3-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1958. A-19

TABLE XVI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Speed, mph Total Men Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No mph % of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.3 3.8 0.7 4.5 4.8 106 9.2 74.8 NNE 0.2 1.4 0.4 1.8 2.0 43 9.2 74.8 NE 0.2 1.5 2.3 3.8 4.0 87 13.7 111.4 ENE 0.1 1.0 1.3 2.3 2.4 52 13.3 108.1 E 0.1 1.2 0.9 2.1 2.2 48 11.8 95.9 ESE 0.1 2.7. 0.0.6 7 81 10.5 85.4 SE 0.0 1.4 1.3 0.3 3.0 3.0 64 14.1 114.6 SSE 0.1 2.7 1.2 3.9 4.0 88 11.1 90.2 S 0.1 3.8 1.9 0.0 5.7 5.8 127 11.5 93.5 SSW 0.3 4.9 3.7 0.0 8.6 8.9 192 12.3 100.0 SW 0.1 5.1 9.0 0.3 14.4 14.5 316 14.8 120.3 WSW 0.2 4.5 6.1 0 1 10.7 10.9 240 14.0 113.8 W 0.0 6.2 4.9 0.5 11.6 16 125 13.2 107.3 WNW 0.1 6.5 2.5 0.0 9.0 9.1 198 10.9 88.6 NW 0.3 4.7 2.0 0.1 6.8 7.1 154 11.1 90.2 NNW 0.0 4.6 1.3 5.9 5.9 130 10.3 83.7 Calm 0.5 ___ _ 5 0. 0.0 Totals 2.5 56.0 40.4 1.3 97.7 100.2 2184 Mean 12.3 100 A-20

TABLE XVII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 72 ft) 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Speed mph Total _Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No mph % of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.3 4.5 1.4 5.9 6.2 135 10.0 85.5 NNE 0.4 3.2 0.4 3.6 4.0 88 8.4 71.8 NE 0.4 2.0 0.4 2.4 2.8 59 8.5 72.6 ENE 0.5 2.0 0.4 2.4 2.9 63 8.5 72.6 E 0.2 1.7 0.5 2.2 2.4 54 9.7 82.9 ESE 0.2 2.3 0.5 2.8 3.0 65 9.3 79.5 SE 0.5 2.5 0.7 3.2 3.7 79 9.2 78.6 SSE 0.6 3.5 1.5 5.0 5.6 123 10.0 85.5 S 0.4 5.6 2.7 0.0 8.3 8.7 191 11.1 94.9 SSW 0.3 4.7 4.3 0.0 9.0 9.3 204 12.7 108.5 SW 0.3 5.2 9.2 14.4 14.7 320 14.5 123.9 WSW 0.2 5.0 7.3 0.2 12.5 12.7 278 14.3 122.2 W 0.1 2.6 3.1 0.2 5.9 6.0 131 14.0 119.7 WNW 0.2 3.3 2.7 0.1 6.1 6.3 139 12.6 107.7 NW 0.1 4.6 0.8 0.0 5.4 5.5 121 9.5 81.2 NNW 0.2 3.6 1.6 5.2 5.4 119 11.0 94.0 Calm 0.7 0.7 15 0.0 Totals 5.6 56.3 37.5 0.5 94.3 99.9 2184 Mean 11.7 100.0 A-21

TABLE XVIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Speed mph TotalMean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and y No. mph % of OverOOver Over all Mean N 0.9 6.0 3.1 0.0 9.1 10.0 218 10.8 83.7 NNE 0.2 2.0 0.7 2.7 2.9 65 10.1 78.5 NE 0.3 2.4 0.6 3.0 3.3 72 9.3 72.1 ENE 0.1 1.5 0.7 2.2 2.3 50 10.9 84.5 E 0.3 1.6 0.4 2.0 2.3 50 8.8 68.2 ESE 1.3 0.4 1.7 1.7 37 10.3 79.8 SE 0.2 3.7 1.1 4.8 5.0 107 10.0 77.5 SSE 0.2 2.1 0.4 2.5 2.7 57 9.0 69.8 S 0.4 6.6 2.1 8.7 9.1 197 10.1 78.3 SSW 3.4 4.1 0.1 7.6 7.6 168 14.0 108.5 SW 0.5 3.9 8.7 0.5 13.1 13.6 298 15.3 118.6 WSW 0.1 1.2 4.3 0.3 5.8 5.9 130 16.4 127.1 W 0.5 4.0 5.4 0.6 0.4 10.4 10.9 240 15.1 117.1 WNW 0.2 2.4 6.1 0.6 0.0 9.1 9.3 204 16.1 124.8 NW 0.5 2.5 3.1 0.4 0.1 6.1 6.6 144 13.8 107.0 NNW 0.3 2.3 2.9 5.2 5.5 120 13.2 102.3 Calm 1.2 1.2 27 0.0 Totals 5.9 46.9 44.1 2.5 0.5 94.0 99.9 2184 Mean 12.9 100.0 A-22

TABLE XIX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Total Observations Wind. Biased Record I Unbiased Record Direction N N N o. No. N 218 10.0 170 7.8 NNE 65 2.9 92 4.2 NE 72 3.3 59 2.7 ENE 50 2.3 50 2.3 E 50 2.3 41 1.9 ESE 37 1.7 47 2.2 SE 107 5.0 76 3.5 SSE 57 2.7 84 3.8 s 197 9.1 151 6.9 SSW 168 7.6 244 11.2 SW 298 13.6 236 10.8 WSW 130 5.9 186 8.5 w 240 10.9 213 9.8 WNW 204 9.3 214 9.8 NW 144 6.6 134 6.1 NNW 120 5.5 160 7.3 Calm 27 1.2 27 1.2 Totals 2184 99.9 2184 100.0 A-23

TABLE XX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Fall Seasons) Speed, mph Total M Spe Wind 25 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and % f OverOver Over ~ No mph all Mean N o06 350 0.9 309 4,5 493 8.7 85 NNE 0,2 1,7 1.3 350 3,2 347 11.3 110 NE 0.4 2,4 1.5 3.9 4,3 478 10.4 100 ENE 0.4 2.1 1.2 353 3.7 403 10o0 97 E 0.6 2.6 0.5 3.1 357 405 7.5 73 ESE 0.2 1.6 0.1 1.7 1.9 221 7.1 69 SE 0.6 2.5 0.1 2.6 3.3 355 6 3 61 SSE 0.5 2.5 0.5 01 3.1 3.6 395 8.6 84 S 0.7 5.8 2,0 0.1 7 9 8,6 940 9.8 95 SSW 0.6 7.9 5.4 0.2 13.5 14.1 1556 11.4 111 SW 0,9 9.4 5,2 o.6 15.2 16.1 1745 11.3 110 WSW 0.8 5.5 3.7 0.3 9 5 10.3 1122 11.2 109 W 0.5 3.6 1.6 0.1 5.3 5.8 630 10.0 97 WNW 0,3 3.2 2.8 0.1 6.1 6.4 703 12.1 118 NW o6 2 26 0,1 5.0 5.5 6o6 12.1 118 NNW 0,2 1.7 1,3 3.0 352 362 11,2 109 Calm 1.5 __ __1.5 159 0.0 Totals 9,6 57.8 30,7 1.6 90.1 99.7 10920 Mean 10,3 100 A-24

N N NW N — E NW NE / 15 /% EN mph15 % a mph 00 10 W 0 E W E SW \S E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Fall (Sept., Oct., Nov.) 195-1954 Fal (Sept.,Oct.,Nov.) 1958 N N NW/"'~ NE NW /NNE (/ rect15Yg a mph 15 %0 s mph sw i a \ S E SW 9 O 9 S E S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Fall (Sept., Oct., Nov.) 1958 Fall (Sept., Oct., Nov.) 1958 Fig. 4-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Fall, 1958. A-25

TABLE XXI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 December 1957 - 50 November 1958 (Annual) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No mh % of OverOr O ver Over all Mean N 0.2 2.5 1.0 0.0 3.5 3.7 314 10.6 82.2 NNE 0.1 2.2 1.3 0.0 3.5 3.6 308 11.8 91.5 NE 0.1 1.3 3.7 0.3 5.3 5.4 467 16.1 124.8 ENE 0.1 1.4 2.6 0.2 4.2 4.3 375 15.1 117.0 E 0.1 1.6 2.1 0.4 0.1 4.2 4.3 362 15.4 119.4 ESE 0.1 2.2 1.5 0.1 0.0 3.8 3.9 335 12.5 96.9 SE 0.0 2.3 1.5 0.1 3.9 3.9 330 12.4 96.1 SSE 0.1 2.9 1.2 0.0 4.1 4.2 357 11.0 85.3 S 0.1 3.6 1.2 0.1 4.9 5.0 424 10.8 83.7 SSW 0.1 4.7 2.8 0.1 7.6 7.7 660 11.9 92.2 SW 0.1 4.8 5.6 0.1 10.5 10.6 904 13,7 106.2 WSW 0.1 5.8 5.3 0.1 0.0 1 1.2 11.3 970 13.2 102.3 W 0.1 5.2 4.3 0.2 0.0 9.7 9.8 849 13.1 101.5 WNW 0.2 4.0 3.9 0.2 0.0 8.1 8.3 705 13.3 103.1 NW 0.1 3.4 3.4 0.2 7.0 7.1 608 13.4 103.9 NNW 0.1 3.7 2.2 0.1 6.0 6.1 518 12.1 93.8 Calm o.6.6 47 0.0 Totals 2.3 51.6 43.6 2.2 0.1 97.5 99.8 8533 Mean 12.9 100.0 A-26

TABLE XXII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 71 ft) 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Speed mh Total Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. mh of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.3 4.1 1.4 5.5 5.8 509 10.1 88.6 NNE 0.3 2.9 0.8 3.7 4.0 354 9.6 84.2 NE 0.3 3.6 1.1 4.7 5.0 434 9.9 86.8 ENE 0.3 2.6 1.8 4.4 4.7 410 11.7 102.6 E 0.2 2.9 2.0 0.0 4.9 5.1 453 12.0 105.3 ESE 0.2 2.7 0.6 3.3 3.5 313 9.5 83.3 SE 0.4 2.4 0.4 2.8 3.2 274 8.5 74.6 SSE 0.3 2.6 0.7 3.3 3.6 313 9.4 82.5 S 0.3 4.0 1.4 0.0 5.4 5.7 503 10.4 91.2 SSW 0.2 3.6 2.6 0.0 6.2 6.4 565 12.1 106.1 SW 0.2 5.1 6.1 0.1 0.0 11.3 11.5 1006 13.6 119.3 WSW 0.1 6.5 6.6 0.1 0.0 13.2 13.3 1173 13.3 116.7 W 0.2 5.2 3.0 0.1 0.0 8.3 8.5 740 11.8 103.5 WNW 0.2 4.2 2.4 0.1 6.7 6.9 600 11.7 102.6 NW 0.3 4.8 1.8 0.0 6.6 6.9 597 10.5 92.1 NNW 0.2 3.7 1.5 5.2 5.4 475 10.7 93.9 Calm 0.5 0.5 41 0.0 Totals 4.5 60.9 34.2 0.4 0.0 95.5 100.0 8760 Mean 11.4 100.0 A-27

TABLE XXIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 82 ft) 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Speed, mph TotalMean Speed — Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and | No. mph of OverOver Over mOver all Mean N 0.9 6.0 3.1 0.0 9.1 10.0 886 10.7 86.3 NNE 0.3 3.1 1.2 0.0 4.3 4.6 404 10.4 83.9 NE 0.3 3.0 1.6 4.6 4.9 433 11.1 89.5 ENE 0.2 2.0 1.1 3.1 5.5 283 11.1 89.5 E 0.5 3.3 1.3 4.6 5.1 445 10.0 80.6 ESE 0.1 2.0 0.6 2.6 2.7 234 9.9 79.8 SE 0.3 3.4 0.8 4.2 4.5 398 9.4 75.8 SSE 0.2 1.8 0.4 2.2 2.4 214 9.4 75.8 S 0.4 6.1 1.8 7.9 8.3 726 9.9 79.8 SSW 0.0 2.6 2.5 0.0 5.1 5.1 456 13.2 106.4 SW 0.2 3.8 6.4 0.2 10.4 10.6 928 14.6 117.7 WSW 0.1 2.1 3.3 0.1 5.5 5.6 488 14.4 116.1 W 0.5 4.3 4.6 0.4 0.1 9.4 9.9 878 13.7 110.5 WNW 0.1 2.2 4.9 0.4 0.1 7.6 7.7 674 15.8 127.4 NW 0.3 3.2 5.1 0.4 0.0 8.7 9.0 786 14.7 118.5 NNW 0.2 1.6 3.2 0.0 4.8 5.0 436 14.6 117.7 Calm 1.0 1.0 91 0.0 Totals 5.6 50.5 41.9 1.5 0.2 94.1 99.7 8760 Mean 12.4 100.0 A-28

TABLE XXIV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Total Observations Wind Biased Record Unbiased Record Direction N I No. N 886 10.0 694 7.9 NNE 404 4.6 542 6.2 NE 433 4.9 353 4.0 ENE 283 3.3 34o0.9 E 445 5.1 356 4.1 ESE 234 2.7 314 3.6 SE 398 4.5 292 3.3 SSE 214 2.4 309 3.5 S 726 8.3 532 6.1 SSW )'56 5.1 708 8.1 SW 928 10.6 718 8.2 WSW 488 5.6 68o 7.8 W 878 9.9 736 8.4 WNW 674 7.7 823 9.4 NW 786 9.0 655 7.5 NNW 436 5.0 617 7.0 Calm 91 1.0 91 1.0 Totals 8760 99.7 8760 100.0 A-29

TABLE XXV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (5-Year Summary) Speed, mph Total Wind -_25 Total Observations Mean Speed Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and% of OverOver Over % No. mph all Mean N 0.5 2.9 0.9 3.8 4.3 1865 8.8 79 NNE 0.2 2.0 1.2 3.2 3.4 1474 10.9 98 NE 0.4 2.8 1.8 4.6 5.0 2196 10.8 97 ENE 0.3 3.3 3.2 0.2 6.7 7.0 3101 12.6 113 E 0.5 3.3 1.4 4.7 5.2 2287 9.5 86 ESE 0.3 2.1 0.4 2.5 2.8 1202 8.1 73 SE 0.5 2.6 0.3 2.9 3.4 1495 7.3 66 SSE 0.3 2.4 0.7 0.1 3.2 3.5 1545 9.2 83 S 0.5 4.2 2.0 0.1 6.3 6.8 3026 10.4 94 SSW 0.4 5.6 4.5 0.4 10.5 10.9 4768 12.3 111 SW 0.7 7.2 4.9 0.5 12.6 13.3 5859 11.9 107 WSW 0.5 5.1 4.6 0.5 10.2 10.7 4713 12.5 113 W 0.5 3.7 2.4 0.2 6.3 6.8 2990 11.3 102 WNW 0.3 3.0 3.3 0.2 6.5 6.8 3021 13.1 118 NW 0.4 2.4 2.4 0.1 4.9 5.3 2357 12.3 111 NNW 0.3 1.7 11o 2.8 3.1 1558 10.6 95 Calm 1.5_ 1.3 567 0.0 Totals 7.9 54.3 35.1 2.3 91.7 99.6 43824 Mean 11.1 100 A-30

N N NW ~ \ ~ NE NW /\ / NE N1/ 8 \_ f'15% & mph / 15% a mph W` S~E W E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Annual Summary 1950- 1954 Annual Summary 1958 N N NW/. - ^/ \N E NW //"yNE w 15 a mph / a ~ ~ [ 15 % a mph I0,SW, SE SW \ E S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Annual Summary 1958 Annual Summary 1958 Fig. 5-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi Site, Annual Summary, 1957-1958. A-31

TABLE XXVI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Speed, mph Total Wind 32 Total Observations p Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No mph % of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.2 2.6 1.0 0.1 3.7 3.9 663 10.8 85.0 NNE 0.2 2.2 1.5 0.1 3.8 4.0 691 13.6 107.1 NE 0.1 1.5 3.8 0.2 0.0 5.5 5.6 974 15.7 123.6 ENE 0.2 1.9 3.0 0.2 0.0 5.1 5.3 926 14.7 115.7 E 0.2 1.9 2.0 0.2 0.2 4.3 4.5 771 14.7 115.7 ESE 0.2 2.5 1.7 0.1 0.0 4.3 4.5 768 12.1 95.3 SE 0.1 2.3 1.4 0.1 3.8 3.9 672 12.1 95.3 SSE 0.1 3.4 1.2 0.1 4.7 4.8 822 10.8 85.0 S 0.1 3.5 1.4 0.1 5.0 5.1 879 10.9 85.8 SSW 0.2 4.3 3.0 0.1 0.0 7.4 7.6 1305 12.3 96.8 SW 0.2 4.4 4.9 0.1 0.0 9.4 9.6 1663 13.4 105.5 WSW 0.2 5.4 5.1 0.5 0.1 11.1 11.3 1929 13.6 107.1 W 0.2 4.8 3.5 0.2 0.0 8.5 8.7 1512 12.6 99.2 WNW 0.2 4.3 3.6 0.1 0.0 8.0 8.2 1410 12.7 100.0 NW 0.2 3.7 2.7 0.1 6.5 6.7 1143 12.3 96.8 NNW 0.1 4.0 1.7 0.1 5.8 5.9 1011 11.2 88.2 Calm 0.4. 4 73 0.0 Totals 3.1 52.7 41.5 2.4 0.3 96.9 100.0 17212 Me an 12.7 100.0 A-32

TABLE XXVII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 71 ft) 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Speed mph TotalMean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations M Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No mp of OverIOve Over Ovr all Mean N 0.4 4.6 1.3 0.0 5.9 6.3 1111 9.8 88.3 NIE 0.3 3.2 1.0 0.0 4.2 4.5 797 9.9 89.2 NE 0.3 3.7 1.1 4.8 5.1 889 9.7 88.3 ENE 0.3 3.1 1.8 0.0 4.9 5.2 923 11.3 101.8 E 0.3 3.5 1.9 0.1 0.0 5.5 5.8 1011 11.4 102.7 ESE 0.3 2.7 0.5 3.2 3.5 608 8.8 79.3 SE 0.4 2.3 0.3 2.6 3.0 496 8.1 72.9 SSE 0.3 2.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.3 3.6 628 9.6 86.5.3 0.3 4.3 1.6 o.o 5.9 6.2 1095 10.4 93.7 SSW 0.2 3.5 2.4 0.1 6.0 6.2 1091 12.0 108.1 SW 0.2 5.1 5.4 0.1 0.0 10.6 10.8 1903 13.5 121.6 WSW 0.2 6.4 5.8 0.3 0.1 12.6 12.8 2233 13.2 118.9 W 0.2 4.9 2.8 0.1 0.0 7.8 8.0 1407 11.8 106.3 WNW 0.2 4.3 2.2 0.0 6.5 6.7 1187 11.3 101.8 NW 0.4 4.4 1.5 0.0 5.9 6.3 1105 10.1 90.9 NNW 0.3 3.6 1.2 4.8 5.1 887 10.2 91.9 Calm 0.9 __.9 149 0.0 Totals 5.5 62.2 31.5 0.7 0.1 94.5 100.0 17520 Mean 11.1 100.0 A-33

TABLE XXVIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 82 ft) 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. mph % of OverJOver Over p all Mean N 1.1 6.4 3.0 0.0 9.4 10.5 1837 10.4 87.4 NOE 0.4 3.2 1.1 0.0 4.3 4.7 832 10.1 84.9 NE 0.5 2.9 1.3 4.2 4.7 827 10.1 84.9 ENE 0.2 2.6 1.1 3.7 3.9 680 10.7 90.0 E 0.7 4.1 1.1 0.0 5.2 5.9 1028 9.2 77.3 ESE 0.2 2.2 0.5 2.7 2.9 494 9.4 78.9 SE 0.4 3.4 o.6 4.0 4.4 766 8.8 73.9 SSE 0.2 2.2 0.5 0.0 2.7 2.9 511 9.5 79.8 S 0.4 6.4 1.9 0.0 8.3 8.7 1539 10.0 84.o SSW 0.1 2.3 2.3 0.0 4.6 4.7 819 15.1 110.1 SW 0.2 3.8 5.7 0.3 0.0 9.8 10.0 1758 14.5 121.8 WSW 0.1 2.2 3.2 0.1 5.5 5.6 980 14.4 121.0 W 0.4 4.4 4.5 0.3 0.1 9.5 9.7 1678 13.4 112.6 WNW 0.1 2.3 4.4 0.4 0.1 7.2 7.3 1269 15.5 130.5 NW 0.4 3.7 4.1 0.2 0.0 8.0 8.4 1486 13.4 112.6 NNW 0.2 1.9 2.6 0.0 4.5 4.7 823 13.5 113.4 Calm 1.1 1.1 193 o.0 Totals 6.7 54.0 37.9 1.3 0.2 93.4 100.1 17520 Mean 11.9 100.0 A-34

TABLE XXIX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Total Observations Wind Windcti. Biased Record Unbiased Record. Direction No No. N 1837 10.5 1433 8.2 NNE 832 4.7 1099 6.3 NE 827 4.7 694 4.0 ENE 680 3.9 804 4.6 E 1028 5.9 844 4.8 ESE 494 2.9 637 3.6 SE 766 4.4 574 3-3 SSE 511 2.9 723 4.1 S 1539 8.7 1126 6.4 SSW 819. 4.7 1309 7.5 SW 1758 10.0 1354 7.7 WSW 980 5.6 1354 7.7 W 1678 9.7 1415 8.1 WNW 1269 7.3 1541 8.8 NW 1486 8.4 1225 7.0 NNW 823 4.7 1195 6.8 Calm 193 1.1 193 1.1 Totals 17520 100.1 17520 100.0 A-55

TABLE XXX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Five-Year Summary).. Speed, mph' TotalMean Speed Wind 25 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and of OverOver Over N mph all Mean N 0o5 2,9 0.9 5.8 435 1865 8.8 79 NNE 0.2 2.0 1.2 53o2 3.0 1474 10.9 98 NE 0,4 2,8 1o8 4.6 5.0 2196 10o8 97 ENE 05 5 3o3 352 0.2 6.7 7.0 3101 12.6 113 F: 0.5 3.3 14 4o7 5.2 2287 9.5 86 ESE 0,3 2,1 0.4 2o5 2.8 1202 8.1 73 SE 0 5 2.6 0.3 2.9 354 1495 7o3 66 SSE 0.3 2.4 0.7 0.1 352 3.5 1545 9,2 83 s *.05 4.2 2o0 0ol 6.3 6.8 3026 10o4 94 SSW Oo4 5.6 4,5 Oo4 l0o5 10o9 4768 12o3 111 SW 0o7 7.2 4.9 0.5 12.6 13 3 5859 119 107 WSW 0.5 5 4.6 0o5 10.2 10.7 4713 12 5 115 W 0o5 357 2o4 o 02 63, 6.8 2990 11.3 102 WNW 0.3 3.0 3.3 0,2 6o5 6.8 3021 1351 118 NW Oo4 2.4 2o4 0o1 4o9 5.5 2557 12o5 111 NNW 0.3 lo7 1.1 2o8 3 1 1358 10o 6 95 Calm 1.3 _ _ 13 567 0.0 Totals 7,9 54 3 351 2.53 91 7 99 6 438214 Mean 111o 100 A-36

N N NW \ / NE NW ^ NE 15% a mph X/ 15 % a mph I0 0 W _ E W I/ E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47ft Wind Instrument at Height of 81ft. Five year Summary 1950-1954 Two year Summary 1956-1958 N N NW ^' NE NW f \ NE / > \ r15% a mph 1 15% a mph W 09 i E W E TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Two year Summary 1956-1958 Two year Summary 1956-1958 Fig. 6-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi Site, Two-Year Summary, 19561958. A-57

TABLE XXX I-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1957 - 30 NOVEMBER 1958 (W, WNW, NW, NNW, N, and NNE) Enrico Fermi Toledo Express Detroit CityToledo Municipal Airport Site Airport (approximation) Airport (5-yr Avg) Winter 46.3 46.1 5355 29.2 Spring 38.2 38.2 49.7 31.8 Summer 31.0 31.9 37-3 29.2 Fall 40.5 33.4 45.0 28.6 Annual 38.6 37.5 46.4 29.7 Summary 37.4 36.9 45.2 TABLE XXXII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1957 - 50 NOVEMBER 1958 (ENE) EnricToledo Express Detroit City Toledo Municipal Airport Site Airport (approximation) Airport (15-yr Avg) Winter 3.4 2.9 2.6 5-. Spring 8.3 9.9 7-3 11.4 Summer 3.6 351 353 7.1 Fall 2.4 2.9 2.3 3.7 Annual 4.3 4.7 359 7.0 Summary 5'3 5.2 4.6 TABLE XXXIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1957 - 30 NOVEMBER 1958 (E, ESE, SE, SSE, and S) Enrico Fermi Toledo Express troit ty Toledo Municipal Airport Site Airport (approximation) irport (5-yr Avg) Winter 15.6 18.5 18.0 21.4 Spring 22.4 19.7 17.8 21.7 Summer 273. 22.9 28.2 22.9 Fall 18.7 23.4 18.3 21.1 Annual 21.3 21.1 20.6 21.7 Summary 22.8 22.1 22.2 A-58

TABLE XXXIV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1957 - 30 NOVEMBER 1958 (SSW) Detroit City Enrico Fermi Toledo Express trot t Toledo Municipal Airport Site Airport (app tion) Airport (5-yr Avg) Winter 7.2 4.5 6.4 12.1 Spring 5.5 3.8 5.3 7.2 Summer 9.5 8.2 9-3 9.1 Fall 8.9 9-3 11.2 14.1 Annual 7.7 6.4 8.1 10.9 Summary 7.6 6.2 7*5 TABLE XXXV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1957 - 30 NOVEMBER 1958 (SW and WSW) Enrico Fermi Toledo Express Detroit City Toledo Municipal Airport Site Airport pp Airport (5-yr Avg) (approximation) Winter 24.2 25.2 17.2 26.7 Spring 14.4 18.7 9.6 21.0 Summer 24.3 28.5 17.8 20.4 Fall 25.4 27.4 19.3 26.4 Annual 21.9 24.8 16.0 24.0 Summary 20.9 23.6 15.4 A-39

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APPENDIX B TEMPERATURE -LAPSE-RATE DATA

TABLE I-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957-28 February 1958 (Winter) Total hours 2160 Number missing hours 94 Number hourly observations 2066 Percent missing data 4.5 Percent inversions 19.3 Percent strong lapse 49.9 Percent weak lapse 30.8 100.0% TABLE II-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1957-28 February 1958 (Winter) Total hours 2160 Number missing hours 2 Number hourly observations 2158 Percent missing data 0.1% Numbers hours inversion.91 Percent inversions 18.1% B-3

TABLE III-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957-28 February 1958 (Winter) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind H Mean Wind.. Mean Wind HSpeed, mph Speed, mph Speed, mph 9 msg. 21 16 28 msg. 9 msg. 18 9 35 18 8 msg. 14 9 6 msg. 16 14 7 17 17 22 9 7 23 16 6 5 6 15 12 9 7 15 7 15 9 12 6 23 8 13 10 19 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 25 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 291 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 10.0 B-4

TABLE IV-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 9 13 9 17 12 13 11 18 6 15 10 13 10 14 7 15 6 13 6 16 10 8 8 6 6 6 10 6 6 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 29 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 299 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 10.3 B-5

TABLE V-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly Lapse Rates Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations s W I 5_ S W I S W I N 25 21 2 48 2.8 3.4 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.1 NNE 19 11 7 37 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.4 NE 35 3 7 45 3.9 0.5 1.9 1.9 0.2 0.4 ENE 43 6 13 62 4.8 1.0 3.9 2.3 0.3 0.7 E 49 17 14 80 5.5 2.8 3.6 2.6 0.9 0.7 ESE 29 13 16 58 3.2 2.1 4.5 1.5 0.7 0.9 SE 31 5 8 44 3.5 0.8 2.2 1.7 0.3 0.4 SSE 21 5 14 40 2.3 0.8 3.9 1.1 0.3 0.7 S 19 23 31 73 2.1 3.7 8.6 1.0 1.2 1.7 SSW 42 36 52 130 4.7 5.8 14.5 2.2 1.9 2.8 SW 50 63 41 154 5.6 10.2 11.4 2.7 3.4 2.2 WSW 107 138 36 281 12.0 22.3 10.0 5.7 7.4 1.9 W 125 72 38 235 14.0 11.7 10.6 6.7 3.8 2.0 WNW 106 74 18 198 11.8 12.0 5.0 5.7 4.0 1.0 NW 106 67 43 216 11.8 10.8 12.0 5.7 3.6 2.3 NNW 82 55 14 151 9.2 8.9 5.9 4.4 2.9.0.7 Calm 6 9 5 20 0.7 1.5 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 Totals 895 618 359 1872 100.0 100.1 99.9 47.8 33.1 19.2 Code: S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-6

TABLE VI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Daytime Nighttime Wind n Mn Occurrences, M Occurrences, Mean Direction No... Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 2 1.0 0.6 9.5 NNE 3 1.9 0.8 10.3 4 2.0 1.1 9.5 NE 1 0.6 0.3 14.0 6 3.0 1.7 13.2 ENE 4 2.6 1.1 21.8 9 4.5 2.5 14.3 E 6 3.8 1.7 12.2 8 4.0 2.2 18.6 ESE 5 3.2 1.4 17.2 11 5.4 3.1 16.9 SE 5 3.2 1.4 13.2 3 1.5 0.8 16.3 SSE 7 4.5 2.0 15.4 7 3.5 2.0 15.0 s 18 11.5 5.0 13.7 13 6.4 3.6 10.0 SSW 29 18.6 8.1 15.2 23 11.4 6.4 14.8 SW 24 15.4 6.7 7.5 17 8.4 4.7 18.5 WSW 13 8.3 3.6 16.6 23 11.4 6.4 12.6 W 15 9.6 4.2 17.5 22 10.9 6.1 10.5 WNW 8 5.1 2.2 15.1 10 5.0 2.8 12.9 NW 14 9.0 3.9 19.4 29 14.4 8.1 12.9 NNW 2 1.3 o.6 23.5 12 5.9 3.4 9.3 Calm 2 1.3 0.6 0.0 3 1.5 0.8 0.0 Totals 156 99.9 43.6 202 100.2 56.3 Average 15.9 13.2 B -7

TABLE VII-B WIND DIRECTION AND NEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957-28 February 1958 (Winter) Inversion Noninversion Wind i r o jOccurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction mph j mph N 0.1 9.5 2.5 13.1 NNE 0.4 9.9 1.6 13.1 NE o.4 13.3 2.0 15.4 ENE 0.7 16.6 2.6 17.4 E 0.7 15.8 3.5 16.7 ESE 0.8 17.0 2.2 11.2 SE 0.4 14.4 2.0 16.3 SSE 0.7 15.2 1.4 15.0 S 1.7 12.2 2.2 10.8 SSW 2.8 15.0 4.2 14.o SW 2.2 17.9 6.0 15.1 WSW 2.0 13.9 13.1 14.6 W 2.0 13.3 10.5 14.1 WNW 1.0 13.9 9.6 16.4 NW 2.3 15.0 9.2 15.8 NNW 0.7 11.4 7.3 15.6 Calm 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 Totals 19.2 80.7 Average 14.4 14.8 B-8

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TABLE VIII-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1958-31 May 1958 (Spring) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 537 Number hourly observations 1671 Percent missing data 24.3 Percent inversions 20.6 Percent strong lapse 68.3 Percent weak lapse 11.0 99.9% B -10

TABLE IX-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 March 1958-31 May 1958 (Spring) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 264 Number hourly observations 1944 Percent missing data 12.0% Numbers hours inversion 583 Percent inversions 30.0% B-ll

TABLE X-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1958-31 May 1958 (Spring) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind H Mean Wind. Mean Wind HSpeed, mph Speed, mph Speed, mph 10 9 23 13 25 14 10 6 65 13 6 6 37 12 9 6 7 9 7 11 9 16 9 5 7 15 6 21 9 7 10 9 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 16 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 249 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 15.6 B-12

TABLE XI-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 11 14 7 13 10 16 10 14 9 14 6 15 12 13 12 17 6 13 6 15 12 15 12 18 7 14 6 12 10 8 12 11 10 11 12 12 12 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 37 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 427 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.5 B-13

TABLE XII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly Lapse Rates Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations I__ |S W I __otls S W I S W I N 39 4 24 67 3.4 2.2 7.0 2.3 0.2 1.4 NNE 55 11 23 89 4.8 6.0 6.7 3.3 0.7 1.4 NE 161 15 12 188 14.1 8.2 3.5 9.6 0.9 0.7 ENE 102 11 14 127 8.9 6.0 4.1 6.1 0.7 0.8 E 100 8 9 117 8.8 4.3 2.6 6.0 0.5 0.5 ESE 51 9 19 79 4.5 4.9 5.5 3.1 0.5 1.1 SE 34 14 28 76 3.0 7.6 8.1 2.0 0.8 1.7 SSE 37 10 18 65 3.2 5.4 5.2 2.2 0.6 1.1 S 36 7 15 58 3.2 3.8 4.3 2.2 0.4 0.9 SSW 46 7 27 80 4.0 3.8 7.8 2.8 0.4 1.6 SW 55 5 24 84 4.8 2.7 7.0 3.3 0.3 1.4 WSW 106 17 17 140 9.3 9.2 4.9 6.3 1.0 1.0 W 81 28 38 147 7.1 15.2 11.0 4.9 1.7 2.3 WNW 83 7 41 131 7.3 3.8 11.9 5.0 0.4 2.5 NW 72 20 19 111 6.3 10.9 5.5 4.3 1.2 1.1 NNW 83 11 15 109 7.3 6.0 4.3 5.0 0.7 0.9 Calm 2 2 0.6 0.1 Totals 1141 184 345 1670 100.0 100.0 100.0 68.4 11.0 20.5 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W =- A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B -14

TABLE XIII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Daytime Nightt ime Wind No Occurrences, % Mean Occurrences, Mean Direction No. Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 8 4.1 2.3 10.8 16 10.5 4.6 7.4 NNE 8 4.1 2.3 9.3 15 9.9 4.3 8.1 NE 6 3.1 1.7 13.5 6 3.9 1.7 8.5 ENE 8 4.1 2.3 15.4 6 3.9 1.7 15.0 E 7 3.6 2.0 11.4 2 1.3 0.6 14.0 ESE 15 7.8 4.3 10.5 4 2.6 1.2 15.5 SE 24 12.4 7.0 10.8 4 2.6 1.2 9.2 SSE 14 7.3 4.1 9.6 4 2.6 1.2 13.3 S 10 5.2 2.9 10.8 5 33. 1.4 9.6 SSW 18 9.3 5.2 12.3 9 5.9 2.6 11.0 SW 9 4.7 2.6 16.0 15 9.9 4.3 10.3 WSW 6 3.1 1.7 14.8 11 7.2 3.2 10.1 W 11 5.7 3.2 14.0 27 17.8 7.8 10.3 WNW 25 13.0 7.2 15.6 16 10.5 4.6 10.4 NW 16 8.3 4.6 13.4 3 2.0 0.9 6.3 NNW 7 3.6 2.0 11.6 8 5.3 2.3 9.8 Calm 1 0.5 0.3 0.0 1 0.7 0.3 0.0 Totals 193 99.9 55.7 152 99.9 43.9 Average 12.4 10.0 B-15

TABLE XIV-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Wind. Inversion Noninversion Occurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction m mph % mph mph N 1.4 8.8 2.6 11.7 NNE 1.4 8.5 4.0 14.1 NE 0.7 11.0 10.5 19.2 ENE 0.8 15.2 6.8 16.5 E 0.5 12.0 6.5 19.6 ESE 1.1 11.4 3.6 17.2 SE 1.7 10.6 2.9 10.7 SSE 1.1 10.4 2.8 10.0 s 0.9 10.4 2.6 9.7 SSW 1.6 11.9 3.2 11.1 SW 1.4 12.5 3.6 12.2 WSW 1.0 11.8 7.4 12.9 W 2.3 11.1 6.5 12.7 WNW 2.5 13.4 5.4 14.6 NW 1.1 12.2 5.5 14.o NNW 0.9 10.9 5.6 13.7 Calm 0.1 00.0 Totals 20.5 79.5 Average 11.3 14.6 B -16

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TABLE XV-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1958-31 August 1958 (Summer) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 580 Number hourly observations 1628 Percent missing data 26.2 Percent inversions 45.6 Percent strong lapse 18.9 Percent weak lapse 3555 100.0% B -18

TABLE XVI-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 June 1958-31 August 1958 (Summer) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 64 Number hourly observations 2144 Percent missing data 2.9% Numbers hours inversion 8o6 Percent inversions 37.6% B -19

TABLE XVII-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over MeHr ind Mean Wind Mean Wind _ Speed, mph Speed, mph Speed, mph 11 11.9 16 10.8 28 6.4 6 12.2 19 10.8 7 7.4 14 6.8 6 7.0 14 10.7 6 16.7 13 5.2 10 11.4 15 4.5 12 14.2 19 7.4 10 12.0 16 11.3 6 17.2 13 10.1 7 5.9 13 5.8 6 11.3 18 6.7 8 9.2 7 13.. 9 8 6.4 9 8.1 6 12.7 6 10.8 9 6.9 10 6.8 10 8.4 8 11.0 8 7.2 8 5.8 8 8.5 8 9.1 7 12.1 6 8.0 10 10.4 6 13.0 6 6.0 7 4.9 7 5.1 6 9.3 8 10.2 6 9.3 10 8.4 6 11.3 12 8.1 11 11.4 12 14.o Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 52 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 518 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 10.0 B-20

TABLE XVIII-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 10 12 13 9 11 13 6 10 14 8 6 14 8 11 16 10 9 16 10 11 15 10 10 13 6 12 13 11 10 13 11 11 18 11 14 9 13 1o 14 11 14 8 6 7 12 6 11 9 6 11 11 8 12 11 10 11 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration 57 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 615 Average length'of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 10.8 B-21

TABLE XIX-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) _ Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly Lapse Rates Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations _ S __W _I _ S W I S W I N 9 13 23 45 2.9 2.2 3.1 0.6 0.8 1.4 NNE 14 6 33 53 4.6 1.0 4.4 0.9 0.4 2.0 NE 33 9 12 54 10.7 1.6 1.6 2.0 0.6 0.7 ENE 31 8 11 50 10.1 1.4 1.5 1.9 0.5 0.7 E 32 18 8 58 10.4 3.1 1.1 2.0 1.1 0.5 ESE 23 20 16 59 7.5 3.5 2.2 1.4 1.2 1.0 SE 31 20 36 87 10.1 3.5 4.8 1.9 1.2 2.2 SSE 26 19 71 116 8.5 3.3 9.6 1.6 1.2 4.4 S 3 41 56 100 1.0 7.1 7.5 0.2 2.5 3.4 SSW 7 86 88 181 2.3 14.9 11.8 0.4 5.3 5.4 sw 6 98 125 229 2.0 17.0 16.8 0.4 6.0 7.7 WSW 17 93 86 196 5.5 16.1 11.6 1.0 5.7 5.3 w 16 63 6o 139 5.2 10.9 8.1 1.0 3.9 3.7 WNW 9 32 47 88 2.9 5.5 6.3 0.6 2.0 2.9 NW 15 21 30 66 4.9 3.6 4.0 0.9 1.3 1.8 NNW 35 31 30 96 11.4 5.4 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 Calm 0 0 11 11 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.7 Totals 307 578 743 1628 100.0 100.1 99.9 18.9 35.6 45.6 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-22

TABLE XX-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1958 - 31 August 1958 (Summer) Daytime l Nighttime Wind Occurrences, % Mean Occurrencesc Direction No. Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 7 1.6 0.9 6.o 16 5.1 2.2 6.9 NNE 9 2.1 1.2 7.7 24 7.6 3.2 7.4 NE 8 1.9 1.1 5.4 4 1.3 0.5 8.o ENE 8 1.9 1.1 5.3 5 1.0 0.4 3.3 E 7 1.6 0.9 7.9 1 0.3 0.1 4.0 ESE 12 2.8 1.6 6.3 4 1.3 0.5 10.3 SE 35 8.2 4.7 10.5 1 0.3 0.1 11.0 SSE 63 14.7 8.5 8.9 8 2.5 1.1 10.4 S 34 7.9 4.6 9.0 22 7.0 3.0 8.0 SSW 45 10.5 6.1 10.5 45 15.7 5.8 8.8 SW 76 17.7 10.2 11.0 49 15.6 6.6 9.9 WSW 47 11.0 6.3 10.0 59 12.4 5.2 8.8 W 29 6.8 3.9 11.7 31 9.9 4.2 9.6 WNW 18 4.2 2.4 11.7 29 9.2 3.9 8.4 NW 10 2.5 1.5 8.4 20 6.4 2.7 8.1 NNW 17 4.0 2.3 9.1 13 4.1 1.7 7.2 Calm 4 0.9 0.5 0.0 7 2.2 0.9 0.0 Totals 429 100.1 57.6 314 99.9 42.1 Average 9.6 8.4 B-25

TABLE XXI-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1958-31 August 1958 (Summer) Wind Inversion Noninversion Dirlecton Occurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction | gmph | ~mph % mph % mph N 1.4 6.7 1.4 7.5 NNE 2.0 7.5 1.2 8.8 NE 0.7 6.2 2.6 15.4 ENE 0.7 4.7 2.4 14.7 E 0.5. 7.4 3.1 11.5 ESE 1.0 7.3 2.6 12.5 SE 2.2 10.5 3.1 10.7 SSE 4.4 9.1 2.8 11.3 S 3.4 8.6 2.7 9.1 SSW 5.4 9.6 5.7 11.0 SW 7.7 10.6 6.4 11.9 WSW 5.3 9.5 6.8 10.4 W 3.7 10.6 4.8 12.7 WNW 2.9 9.7 2.5 11.8 NW 1.8 8.2 2.2 9.4 NNW 1.8 8.3 4.1 8.7 Calm 0.7 0.0 Totals 45.6 54.4 Average 9.1 11.1 B-24

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TABLE XXII-B SU4MMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1958-50 November 1958 (Fall) Total hours 2184 Number missing hours 258 Number hourly observations 1946 Percent missing data 10.9 Percent inversions 41.9 Percent strong lapse 17.0 Percent weak lapse 41.2 100.1% B-26

TABLE XXIII-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 September 1958-30 November 1958 (Fall) Total hours 2184 Number missing hours 2 Number hourly observations 2182 Percent missing data 0.1% Numbers hours inversion 821 Percent inversions 37.6% B-27

TABLE XXIV-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1958-30 November 1958 (Fall) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over H M Wind Hr M Mean Wind Mean Wind Speed, mph Speed, mph Speed, mph 8 14.4 14 7.2 25 7.2 8 17.3 17 6.9 29 13.9 11 9.6 18 9.1 29 15.4 7 4.4 18 9.8 33 14.8 9 6.3 14 12.9 6 9.5 13 4.9 8 13.3 13 10.3 7 7.1 16 4.9 7 9.3 13 11.5 9 7.1 23 10.1 9 18.7 18 10.2 9 11.0 14 5.4 8 15.0 14 11.3 10 15.1 19 11.4 12 3.3 17 12.1 10 11.7 14 10.5 12 9.9 14 8.1 12 11.3 15 10.3 8 13.0 15 12.1 12 13.6 7 9.3 7 8.6 8 6.6 7 16.4 10 11.5 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 48 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 636 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 13.3 B-28

TABLE XXV-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 10 13 9 15 6 15 6 14 12 15 7 14 7 13 12 13 12 14 6 14 11 14 9 14 9 14 11 13 9 15 11 15 8 14 8 14 14 6 14 6 13 11 15 10 14 8 8 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 46 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 517 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.2 B-29

TABLE XXVI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) W.nd. Hourly Ls Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind |Hourly Lapse Rates |Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations ___ _S W I I |S W I S W I N 29 57 59 105 8.8 4.6 4.8 1.5 1.9 2.0 NNE 15 15 9 59 4.5 1.9 1.1 0.8 o.8 0.5 NE 42 29 11 82 12.7 3.6 1.5 2.2 1.5 o.6 ENE 26 11 10 47 7.9 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.5 E 10 22 15 45 5.0 2.7 1.6 0.5 1.1 0.7 ESE 11 46 20 77 3.3 5.7 2.5 o.6 2.4 1.0 SE 18 30 14 62 5.5 3.7 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.7 SSE 14 24 38 76 4.2 3.0 4.7 0.7 1.2 2.0 S 3 38 72 115 0.9 4.7 8.8 0.2 2.0 5.7 SSW 10 74 91 175 3.0 9.2 11.2 0.5 3.8 4.7 SW 6 101 170 277 1.8 12.6 20.9 0.3 5.2 8.7 WSW 9 92 95 196 2.7 11.5 11.7 0.5 4.7 4.9 W 28 109 75 212 8.5 13.6 9.2 1.4 5.6 3.9 WNW 19 76 67 162 5.8 9.5 8.2 1.0 5.9 5.4 NW 33 58 54 145 10.0 7.2 6.6 1.7 5.0 2.8 NNW 57 59 54 150 17.5 4.9 4.2 2.9 2.0 1.7 Calm 3 5 0.4 0.2 Totals 330 801 815 1946 99.9 99.8 100.1 17.0 41.2 42.0 ode ~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-30

TABLE XXVI I-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Daytime Nighttime Wind Mean WDrind N. Occurrences, % Mean Occurrences, % Mean Direction No. -Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 8 2.9 1.0 6.8 31 5.8 3.8 7.8 NNE 9 1.7 1.1 8.4 NE 2 0.7 0.2 15.5 9 1.7 1.1 9.4 ENE 6 2.2 0.7 9.0 4 0.7 0.5 3.8 E 6 2.2 0.7 10.2 7 1.3 0.9 9.0 ESE 15 5.4 1.8 12.1 5 0.9 o.6 15.0 SE 5 1.8 o.6 10.2 9 1.7 1.1 12.6 SSE 24 8.6 2.9 11.0 14 2.6 1.7 7.7 S 24 8.6 2.9 9.9 48 9.0 5.9 10.0 SSW 21 7.5 2.6 8.9 70 13.1 8.6 11.5 SW 70 25.0 8.6 14.0 100 18.7 12.3 12.6 WSW 31 11.1 3.8 13.4 64 11.9 7.9 10.8 W 30 10.8 3.7 12.9 45 8.4 5.5 9.4 WNW 15 5.4 1.8 11.7 52 9.7 6.4 9.9 NW 10 3.6 1.2 10.3 44 8.2 5.4 9.4 NNW 9 3.2 1.1 7.8 25 4.7 3.1 8.9 Calm 3 1.1 0.4 0.0 Totals 279 100.1 34.0 536 100.1 65.9 Average 11.6 10.4 B-31

TABLE XXVIII-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Win Inversion Noninversion WDirection M SOccurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence Mean Speed Dire~tion ~ % mph mph N 2.0 7.6 3.4 9.5 NNE 0.5 8.4 1.5 9-9 NE 0.6 10.5 3.6 13.4 ENE 0.5 6.9 1.9 13.1 E 0.7 9-5 1.6 11.7 ESE 1.0 12.8 2.9 10.1 SE 0.7 11.7 2.5 14.3 SSE 2.0 9.8 2.0 12.7 S 3.7 9.9 2.1 13.1 SSW 4.7 10.9 4.3 13.1 SW 8.7 13.2 5-5 15.8 WSW 4.9 11.7 5.2 16.7 W 3.9 10.8 7.0 15.2 WNW 3.4 10.3 4.9 11.8 NW 2.8 9.6 4.7 11.5 NNW 1.7 8.6 4.9 10.6 Calm 0.2 0.0 Totals 42.0 58.0 Average 10.8 13.1 B-32

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TABLE XXIX-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957-30 November 1958 (Annual) Total hours 8760 Number missing hours 1449 Number hourly observations 7311 Percent missing data 16.5 Percent inversions 31.5 Percent strong lapse 38.4 Percent weak lapse 30.1 100.0% B-34

TABLE XXX-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK~TV TOWER 1 December 1957-30 November 1958 (Annual) Total hours 8760 Number missing hours 352 Number hourly observations 8428 Percent missing data 3.8% Numbers hours inversion 2601 Percent inversions 30.9% B-35

TABLE XXXI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Hourl LpPercent Frequenc of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly apse Rates Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations S W I S W I N 102 75 88 265 3.8 3.4 3.9 1.4 1.1 1.2 NNE 103 43 72 218 3.9 2.0 3.2 1.4 o.6 1.0 NE 271 56 42 369 10.1 2.6 1.9 3.8 o.8 O.6 ENE 202 36 48 286 7.6 1.7 2.1 2.8 0.5 0.7 E 191 65 44 300 7.1 3.0 1.9 2.7 0.9 O.6 ESE 114 88 71 273 4.3 4.0 3.1 1.6 1.2 1.0 SE 114 69 86 269 4.3 3.2 3.8 1.6 1.0 1.2 SSE 98 58 141 297 3.7 2.7 6.2 1.4 0.8 2.0 S 61 109 174 344 2.3 5.0 7.7 0.9 1.5 2.4 SSW 105 203 258 566 3.9 9.3 11.4 1.5 2.9 3.6 SW 117 267 360 744 4.4 12.2 15.9 1.6 3.8 5.1 WSW 239 340 235 814 8.9 15.6 10.4 3.4 4.8 3.3 W 250 272 210 732 9.4 12.5 9.3 3.5 3.8 3.0 WNW 217 189 173 579 8.1 8.7 7.6 3.0 2.7 2.4 NW 226 166 146 538 8.5 7.6 6.5 3.2 2.3 2.1 NNW 257 136 93 486 9.6 6.2 4.1 3.6 1.9 1.3 Calm 6 9 21 36 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 Totals 2673 2181 2262 7116 100.1 100.1 99.9 37.5 30.7 31.8 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-36

TABLE XXXII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Daytime Nighttime Wind Mean Wind rrences Occurrences, Occurrences, Mean Direction No.. Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 23 2.2 1.0 7.9 65 5.4 2.9 7.6 NNE 20 1.9 0.9 8.7 52 4.3 2.3 8.0 NE 17 1.6 0.8 9.9 25 2.1 1.1 9.1 ENE 26 2.5 1.1 11.8 22 1.8 1.0 11.1 E 26 2.5 1.1 10.5 18 1.5 o.8 15.6 ESE 47 4.4 2.1 10.6 24 2.0 1.1 15.2 SE 69 6.5 3.1 10.8 17 1.4 0.8 12.4 SSE 108 10.2 4.8 9.9 55 2.7 1.5 10.6 S 86 8.1 3.8 10.5 88 7.5 5.9 9.5 SSW 115 10.7 5.0 11.6 145 12.0 6.4 11.2 SW 179 16.9 7.9 15.5 181 15.0 8.0 12.2 WSW 97 9.2 4.3 12.5 157 11.4 6.1 10.5 w 85 8.o 3.8 15.4 125 10.4 5.5 9.9 WNW 66 6.2 2.9 13.6 107 8.9 4.7 9.8 NW 50 4.7 2.2 13.5 96 8.0 4.2 10.1 NNW 35 3.3 1.5 10.1 58 4.8 2.6 8.7 Calm 10 0.9 0.4 0.0 11 0.9 0.5 0.0 Totals 1057 99.8 46.7 1204 99.9 55.4 Average 11.6 10.5 B-37

TABLE XXXIII-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND-SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Inversion Noninversion Wind Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction mph mph N 1.2 7.7 2.5 10.7 NNE 1.0 8.2 2.1 12.3 NE 0.6 9.9 4.6 16.8 ENE 0.7 11.5 3.3 15.9 E 0.6 11.7 3.6 16.3 ESE 1.0 12.1 2.8 12.9 SE 1.2 11.1 2.6 12.7 SSE 2.0 10.0 2.2 11.8 S 2.4 10.0 2.4 10.6 SSW 3.6 11.4 4.3 12.4 SW 5.1 12.8 5.4 14.o WSW 3.3 11.2 8.1 13.8 W 3.0 11.3 7.3 13.9 WNW 2.4 11.2 5.7 14.5 NW 2.1 11.2 5.5 13.8 NNW 1.3 9.3 5.5 12.8 Calm 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 Totals 31.8 68.1 Average 10.9 13.7 B-58

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TABLE XXXIV-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956-30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Total hours 17520 Number missing hours 3251 Number hourly observations 14269 Percent missing data 18.6 Percent inversions 25.5 Percent strong lapse 51.7 Percent weak lapse 22.9 100.1% B-40

TABLE XXXV-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1956-30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Total hours 17520 Number missing hours 2358 Number hourly observations 15162 Percent missing data 15.5% Numbers hours inversion 4568 Percent inversions 30.1% B-41

TABLE XXXVI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary)..... LapseRatePercent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly Lapse Rates Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations S W I S W I S W I N 311 96 128 535 4.3 3.0 3.6 2.2 0.7 0.9 NNE 331 72 145 548 4.6 2,2 4.0 2.4 0.5 1.0 NE 637 82 99 818 8.9 2.5 2.8 4.5 o.6 0.7 ENE 552 69 92 713 7.7 2.1 2.6 3.9 0.5 0.7 E 411 98 94 603 5.7 3.0 2.6 2.9 0.7 0.7 ESE 348 145 148 641 4.8 4.5 4.1 2.5 1.0 1.1 SE 238 103 211 552 3.3 3.2 5.9 1.7 0.7 1.5 SSE 243 108 288 639 3.4 3.3 8.0 1.7 0.8 2.1 S 232 193 297 722 3.2 6.0 8.3 1.7 1.4 2.1 SSW 431 307 594 1152 6.0 9.5 11.0 3.1 2.2 2.8 SW 446 433 472 1351 6.2 13.4 13.2 3.2 3.1 3.4 WSW 739 510 320 1569 10.3 15.8 8.9 5.3 3.6 2.3 W 560 364 292 1216 7.8 11.2 8.1 4.0 2.6 2.1 WNW 628 256 250 1134 8.7 7.9 7.0 4.5 1.8 1.8 NW 537 217 192 946 7.5 6.7 5.4 3.8 1.5 1.4 NNW 523 169 137 829 7.3 5.2 3.8 3.7 1.2 1.0 Calm 16 16 26 58 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 Totals 7183 3238 3585 14006 99.9 100.0 100.0 51.2 23.0 25.8 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-42

TABLE XXXVII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Daytime Nightttime Wind.Ma v Mean D cWind N Occurrences, % Mean Occurrences, % Mean Direct ion No. 1... Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 38 2.2 1.1 7.6 90 4.8 2.5 7.3 NNE 49 2.9 1.4 9.1 96 5.1 2.7 8.4 NE 49 2.9 1.4 12.3 50 2.6 1.4 8.9 ENE 48 2.8 1.3 11.1 43 2.3 1.2 10.4 E 49 2.9 1.4 10.4 46 2.4 1.3 11.6 ESE 97 5.7 2.7 11.6 51 2.7 1.4 13.8 SE 163 9.6 4.5 11.5 53 2.8 1.5 13.0 SSE 210 12.4 5.9 10.5 73 3.9 2.0 11.8 S 156 9.2 4.4 10.1 141 7.5 3.9 9.9 SSW 178 10.5 5.0 11.6 216 11.4 6.0 11.6 SW 224 13.2 6.2 13.5 248 13.1 6.9 11.8 WSW 125 7.4 3.5 12.0 194 10.3 5.4 10.1 W 112 6.6 3.1 12.7 180 9.5 5.0 9.6 WNW 86 5.1 2.4 12.8 164 8.7 4.6 9.2 NW 58 3.4 1.6 12.5 134 7.1 3.7 9.2 NNW 40 2.4 1.1 10.0 97 5.1 2.7 8.2 Calm 13 0.8 0.4 0.0 13 0.7 0.4 0.0 Totals 1695 100.0 47.4 1889 100.0 52.6 Ave rage 11.5 10.2 B-43

TABLE XXXVIII-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) _Wind Inversion Noninve rsion Wined Occurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction mph mph N 0.9 7.4 2.9 11.2 NNE 1.0 8.7 2.9 12.9 NE 0.7 10.6 5.1 16.2 ENE 0.6 10.7 4.4 15.0 E 0.7 11.0 3.9 15.8 ESE 1.1 12.3 3.5 12.0 SE 1.5 11.9 2.4 11.8 SSE 2.0 10.9 2.5 10.6 S 2.1 10.0 5.0 10.9 SSW 2.8 11.6 5.3 12.7 SW 3.4 12.6 6.3 13.4 WSW 2.3 10.9 8.9 i4.o W 2.1 10.8 6.6 13.3 WNW 1.8 10.4 6.3 13.5 NW 1.4 10.2 5.4 12.7 NNW 1.0 8.8 4.9 12.0 Calm 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 Totals 25.6 74.5 Average 10.8 13.2 B-44

Q WS o v> ~ _[4*H C)" _ r Q rd 0 ed d I z 0 I00 o- c) CO Q >*H L ZPL~~~ " uj Vd aC\ o H rd 0: q 00 c)o C C H tL.H 0/ z 0n1 ZZ a l) 9 C/)~~~~~c3

TABLE XXXIX-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS BY SEASONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 50 November 1957 Endin Winter Spring Summer Fall Ending 0100 25.7 20.0 18.0 26.2 0200 24.3 20.0 19.7 51.5 0500 23.0 20.0 24.6 25.1 0400 23.5 25.8 21.7 17.2 0500 24.7 20.2 25.0 22.6 0600 25.0 20.5 28.9 21.0 0700 22.5 19.5 19.6 25.8 0800 21.4 17.2 9.1 19.4 0900 22.2 11.1 6.5 16.9 1000 11.1 13.5 13.4 o10.6 1100 11.1 14.6 14.9 9.1 1200 15.5 19.1 24.6 9.0 1500 19.4 20.5 15.4 10.6 1400 21.925.6 21.5 12.5 1500 22.5 21.53 24.6 19.7 1600oo 19.2 20.5 35.9 16.7 1700 14.9 15.7 34.4 15.2 1800 15.53 16.7 25.0 14.7 1900 17.5 15.614.1 14.7 2000 24.0 16.7 9.7 20.6 2100 52.0 16.7 11.5 1.4 2200 29.5 16.7 6.1 14.9 2500 25.5 20.0 16.1 19.7 2400 24.3 20.2 11.5 18.2 Average 21.4 18.6 19.2 17.5 B-46

TABLE XL-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS BY SEASONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1957 Hour iHour Winter Spring Summer Fall Ending 0100 39.7 49.3 79.7 64.0 0200 39.7 45.2 72.9 59.3 0300 41.3 43.8 78.0 59.3 0400 42.9 45.2 78.3 58.0 0500 43.5 46.6 76.3 58.0 0600 39.7 46.6 79.7 58.0 0700 38.1 39.7 70.7 57.0 0800 33.3 23.3 50.0 55.8 0900 28.6 15.1 32.0 41.9 1000 17.7 4.1 17.2 20.9 1100 8.2 4.1 16.4 16.3 1200 6.6 4.1 7.5 11.6 1500 8.2 2.7 11.1 11.8 1400 3.3 4.1 7.4 12.8 1500 5.1 4.2 5.6 9.3 1600 4.9 1.3 3.6 11.4 1700 0.0 2.6 6.8 5.1 1800 6.3 1.3 5.1 7.6 1900 25.8 6.5 1.7 37.9 2000 31.7 16.9 18.6 64.5 2100 38.1 28.6 44.8 72.1 2200 42.9 29.3 67.1 69.5 2300 42.9 28.4 62.7 68.3 2400 38.1 39.2 76.3 72.1 Average 26.0 22.2 40.4 41.8 B-47

TABLE XLI-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS BY SEASONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 Hour EHoudg Winter Spring Summer Fall Ending 0100 20.9 18.8 56.1 53.1 0200 19.8 23.5 56.7 50.6 0300 18.8 26.9 52.9 49.4 0400 20.0 25.8 55.9 40.7 0500 20.0 25.4 52.2 44.4 0600 16.7 25.0 53.7 46.9 0700 13.3 23.3 51.5 48.1 0800 16.9 18.6 38.2 44.4 0900 16.7 16.4 23.5 35.8 1000 18.4 14.5 30.3 25.9 1100 19.5 14.7 37.9 15.0 1200 19.5 14.3 26.1 15.0 1500 18.4 20.3 20.3 17.5 1400 21.6 25.7 30.0 21.3 1500 26.4 22.2 42.6 35.0 1600 23.0 16.7 54.9 40.0 1700 20.5 20.8 60.9 46.9 1800 19.3 22.4 51.4 47.0 1900 20.7 23.4 58.2 50.6 2000 20.7 21.6 48.5 57-1 2100 17.2 24.7 44.1 57.8 2200 18.4 18.1 53.7 56.3 2300 18.6 18.6 45.6 51.9 2400 17.6 17.4 50.8 51.9 Average 19.3 20.4 45.7 41.8 B-48

TABLE XLII-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS BY SEASONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 Ending Winter Spring Summer Fall Ending 0100 32.2 51.8 68.5 68,1 0200 28.9 56.8 68.5 63.7 0300 31.1 48.1 75.3 60.4 0400 33.3 48.1 71.9 59.3 0500 31.1 48.1 73.9 60.4 0600 31.1 53.1 75.3 56.0 0700 23.3 50.6 66.3 58.2 0800 22.2 48.1 38.2 54.9 0900 26.7 27.2 30.3 34.1 1000 15.6 21.0 16.9 13.2 1100 7.8 9.9 11.2 5.5 1200 4.5 11.1 13.5 2.2 1300 3.4 8.6 13.5 2.2 1400 3.3 11.1 14.6 3.3 1500 0.0 5.7 12.4 4.4 1600 1.1 2.5 7.8 5.5 1700 1.1 1.2 6.7 2.2 1800 4.4 4.9 4.4 9.9 1900 14.4 4.9 0.0 25.3 2000 17.8 21.0 14.4 53.8 2100 24.4 39.5 40.0 62.6 2200 22.2 44.4 55.6 67.o 2300 26.7 49.4 58.9 64.8 2400 27.8 54.3 65.6 67.0 Average 18.1 30.0 57.7 37.6 B-49

Enrico Fermi Power Plant 30 C - 20 Me 20 C 2 4 6 8!0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours WJBK-TV Tower i' 0 50 40 0' 03 U, 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours WBK-TV Tow er 50 2 40 4Q 0 30 e - 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours Fig. 7-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Winter, 1957-1958. B-50

X Enrico Fermi Power Plant 20 a. C Time In Hours 20- ~ 0 -- 0... 520 — LL c 0 C 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours WdJBK —TV Tower 450 -' c0Mean O 0 LL C 20. 0) U) C 2 4 6 8!0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours Fig. 8-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Spring, 1958. B-51

C 0 Enrico Fermi Power Plont 40 C 4 - 60 - --- - U. o i LL --- 3' 2 4 6 8 =O 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 70 a) W JBK — TV Tower SO0- -- 0-. 540 "- n:3 L. a/) 10_ 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Timf in Hours Fig. 9-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Summer, 1958. B-52

c Enrico Fermi Power Plant 60 60 C i Meon U. 0 -20 a. ) - 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours WJBK-TV Tower 70 0 50c40 -.50 - LL 30 20 c 10 - - 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours Fig. 10-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Fall, 1998. B-355

Enrico Fermi Power Plant eI ILTMeain o-u- - e 30 a. I20 - 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 C C 20 a. 0 C WJBK-TV Tower 50 40a.. wMean 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours Fig. 11-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Annual Summary, 1957-1958. B-54

TABLE XLIII-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 Hour Endg 1957 Annual 1958 Annual 2-Year Summary Ending 0100 22.4 36.8 29..6 0200 23.4 37.1 30.3 0300 22.4 36.5 29.5 0400 22.4 3550 28.7 0500 22.9 35-1 29.0 0600 23.5 3553 29.4 0700 21.7 3359 27.8 800o 17.2 29.9 23.6 0900 17.6 23.5 20.6 1000 12.2 22.1 17.2 1100 12.6 21.1 16.8 1200 17.1 18.5 17.8 1500 16.8 19.0 17.9 1400 20.2 23.9 22.0 1500 22.0 31.3 26.7 1600 22.7 33.2 27.9 1700 19.0 36.5 27.7 1800 17.2 34.4 25.8 1900 15.5 37.3 26.4 2000 18.0 36.7 27.4 2100 18.8 35.7 27.5 2200 19.4 35.9 27.6 2300 20.4 33.4 26.9 2400 19.0 34.o 26 5 Average 19.4 31.5 25.4 B-55

TABLE XLIY-B. HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSION AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 Hour Ending 1957 Annual 1958 Annual 2-Year Summary Ending 0100 58.o 55.3 56.7 0200 54.1 54.4 54.3 0300 55.2 5.8 54.5 0400 55.7 53.3 54.5 0500 55.7 53.4 54.6 o600 55.5 53.8 54.7 0700 51.1 49.6 50.4 o800 41.1 40.7 40.9 0900 30.0 29.6 29.8/ 1000 15.4 16.5 15.9 1100 11.3 8.5 9.9 1200 7.7 7.7 7.7 1300 8.4 7.8 8.1 1400 7.3 8.0 7.7 1500 6.3 5.1 5.7 1600 553 3.7 4.5 1700 355 2.8 3.2 18oo 4.9 6.o 5.5 1900 17.8 11.4 14.6 2000 33-2 27.0 30.1 2100 45.3 41.8 43.6 2200 50.7 47.4 49.1 2300 49.1 50.0 49.5 2400 54.8 53.7 54.3 Average 32.4 30.9 31.7 B-56

c Enrico Fermi Power Plant? 30 CL __ aMeon. —.. _- -~ " 1111 I L_ _L_ —-. _ C 020- I. ~ 10 0 C 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours WJBK-TV Tower 50 - c40 30 30.... o c 1 20 - Ct C 10-192 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time in Hours Fig. 12-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Two-Year Sumimary, 1956-1958. B-57

APPENDIX C PRECIPITATION DATA

TABLE I-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 14.1 13.6 11 2.3 0.6 NNE 15.7 12.4 9 1.9 0.5 NE 15.6 153. 21 4.3 1.1 ENE 17.6 18.8 19 3.9 1.0 E 16.5 21.4 24 5.0 1.2 ESE 12.2 12.6 21 4.3 1.1 SE 16.2 14.1 13 2.7 0.7 SSE 15.6 17.6 17 3.5 0.9 S 13.6 16.1 27 5.6 1.4 SSW 14.3 11.6 15 3.1 0.8 SW 15.6 14.7 40 8.3 2.1 WSW 14.8 14.9 81 16.8 4.2 W 14.9 14.3 64 13.2 3-3 WNW 16.7 17.0 52 10.8 2.7 NW 16.4 15.3 34 7.0 1.8 NNW 15.6 17.3 29 6.0 1.5 Calm 0.0 0.0 6 1.2 0.3 Totals 483 99.9 25.2 Average 15.2 17.4 C-3

TABLE II-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 December 1957 - 28 February 1958 (Winter) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N o1.6 14.0 25 4.2 1.2 NNE 10.4 13.7 17 2.9 0.8 NE 8.5 12.2 22 3.7 1.0 ENE 11.8 13.9 28 4.7 1.3 E 10.8 13.4 43 8.7 2.0 ESE 8.6 6.3 12 2.4 0.6 SE 8.1 9.2 28 4.7 1.3 SSE 9.6 14.7 20 3.4 0.9 S 11.0 15.0 24 4.0 1.1 SSW 12.6 12.4 19 5.2 0.9 SW 13.4 13.6 46 7.7 2.1 WSW 13.1 13.8 96 16.2 4.4 W 11.2 12.9 77 15.0 3.6 WNW 10.1 11.7 54 9.1 2.5 NW 11.0 13.6 45 7.6 2.1 NNW 11.0 15.0 38 6.4 1.8 Calm Totals 594 101.9 27.6 Average 11.3 13.0 C-4

TABLE III-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Winter Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total _mh Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 12.1 78 7.1 0,7 NNE 15o9 81 7.4 0o7 NE 136 75 6.8 0.7 ENE 16.7 136 12o4 o 3 E 12,0 73 6.7 0~7 ESE 11o9 46 4.2 0.4 SE 11.1 57 5.2 0.5 -SSE 13.9 60 5o5 Oo6 S 14.6 116 10o6 11o SSW 15,2 114 10o4 11l SW 169 77 7.0 0.7 WSW 15.7 47 4o3 o.4 W 12.4 26 2.4 0.2 WNW 14.5 32 2o9 0.3 NW 14o3 47 4.3 0~4 NNW 1355 29 2.6 0.3 Calm 0.0 2 0.2 0,0 Totals 1096 100,0 10o1 Average 14 3 C-5

N N NW~ NE N ""-JNE 15%aEmph 15% a mph w` 0.2 E w E —----- E SWW SE S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Winter (I Dec. —28 Feb.) 1950-54 Winter(I Dec.-28 Feb.) 1958 N SW NE ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Winter (I Dec-28 Feb.) 1958 Fig. 1-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from i6 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 1957-1958. C-6 (re~~~~~~~~Ctnlsancorsodnwidsedimp(haylnswihp p-6

H r-I C!- lt 1 K-i' r-l! - r-l r-'l \ C O Co n H n L cu HH I H> U)E-I0) CQCo C_ o5 0 -P r-A l\_ \ C\JH r- K Y-z K\ H r-H r- r | -A t ooo 00000 000000 O 0 o o0 E-I I, o otJ dH t 0C \ O JCl, 0 0 CH 0 0 0 n U XH) 4 H S H H O!OOO in.OOO n O CO o H H 0 HHHO- C- H - i O - 4H + c a - O H ~ ~cO O O OOL O c u OH! r, O n J 00 0 0 0 >j lT5 O O L 0 ct; JH HC H H H 0 h H HO ) Cl OH ~ O~ | O OO 0 t tzC 00 Lc\ O L| \ | w O OH, oQ. H- p 0crO - O O O O O\ *r P CX)J H HH n 1 H H ) J Hr 01 )i rd+ o H d H *H Q~I0 HH H H H m OH oo r3 r-?-iC l) 0 0)i -P-P o Ca) 0 )* oi CXH! C L-i P-l Q0 (Ll r nU^ U 1T -P)0 U CO P^ \,D -ri (D 3 pq r -I - qH' t - L fr' C -H H L C r-Cr | H rH C r COdQ m o do Q a) d 4-') Eo a) H2!>S O(\ -?I - CO L -:-\D n j j j _jaD c E-4 r- +3 CQ 00) cCiO03 0 ( *H, a) 3 <! F CO aP *111111 ~'~~~r4(Di~ Ha s codCl) co a) *i-l 0 Pq 0 C-7

!~1 r- K' _~ n H W~ 1 K C L I r r a) *H-4 C O Q E" ~ dddddddr c o r; dd oi8,B a) co CC o n o o a Kn L\ co 0.\, cC)D (12 P4 q z (12.1 z 1 1 1 w H + OOOOOOOOOOOOOA~AAA oC IH o 3 -0 AN4e 0 H |.~ ~ 00 N 00 N CO H 0w K \ K^ N 0 IM<0 | O\, _1.?clOCO 0'rcO c.O Lf~Ao: 0 P A A0-D I A rC l C \ r r t K \ A 0 \ d -P A A AA 0\ CC) L4' CU] l rf Ln I ~ _-_-, — Nl -- I CC ) r,\ — (cO, n 0\ O 1 Z 0) 0 43 o r oH oO w. O LF — b'-o 0 ~ O I' w- i CC Lt- h -> 0 -. V 3 H 0)00.. -8 CD 0 t- 0-Fl A ALK\- 0r r-A0AA t-l CC) A 0N o K\ ONr H Ix~ I',t~ ^ C OD"- C~' r —r 0-4- ['- K-C -0 OJ CO 0 M a - CU rl rl rl0 rl rA rC r,- rO rN rb co,oa) H" 1' — i t-O CC'O4 A Cd Fi.2 00@it~-00 7 —- AA~wo o 0 0~ PAH 0 co0 \ co no KoI ~ ^ p4, TJj _:ojI^-i^-io r-i Aro ad -Q ~~cd4 ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 l CC \, tD r -x o C\ t C' "x Co \ \o - co c *. OE- 0)Qr-rJr- - r r-Ir-A -i r- r44 4 1 r —4 1 0 0d m ~ Hg~ Co —--- Co ~Io 1 -P z Cd Iw C0

TABLE VI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 12.1 15.0 16 6.0 0.7 NNE 13.2 15.0 10 3.8 0.5 NE 17.9 12.4 24 9.0 1.1 ENE 15.7 18.1 28 10.5 1.3 E 17.7 9.7 6 2.3 0.3 ESE 14.4 22.8 8 3.0 0.4 SE 10.9 10.0 5 1.9 0.2 SSE 10.4 12.0 5 1.9 0.2 S 10.0 9.9 9 3.4 0.4 SSW 11.0 11.3 7 2.6 0.3 SW 12.7 14.1 12 4.5 0.5 WSW 12.7 13.1 17 6.4 o.8 W 12.5 12.1 43 16.2 1.9 WNW 13.8 13.6 25 9.4 1.1 NW 14.1 12.1 16 6.0 0.7 NNW 12.5 13.6 35 13.2 1.6 Calm 0.0 Totals 266 100.1 12.0 Average 135.7 13.7 C-9

TABLE VII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 March 1958 - 31 May 1958 (Spring) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Prec ipitation Hours N 10.5 11.7 32 8.4 1.4 NNE 10.6 12.4 17 4.5 0.8 NE 11.1 15.0 33 8.7 1.5 ENE 13.6 14.8 34 8.9 1.5 E 13.9 12.6 11 2.9 0.5 ESE 10.3 8.0 6 1.6 0.3 SE 9.5 7.2 8 2.1 0.4 i SSE 10.1 7.8 5 1.3 0.2 S 8.8 8.4 16 4.2 0.7 SSW 11.8 13.0 12 3.1 0.5 SW 12.8 13.9 23 6.0 1.0 WSW 12.8 13.2 60 15.7 2.7 W 11.7 12.1 42 11.0 1.9 WNW 12.8 12.4 24 6.3 1.1 NW 11.0 10.1 32 8.4 1.4 NNW 11.6 11.8 26 6.8 1.2 Calm 0.0 Totals 381 99.9 17.1 Average 11.9 12.2 C -10

TABLE VIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Spring Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 13.3 26 2.7 0.2 NNE 14o0 34 3.5 o.3 NE 13o9 69 7.1 0.6 ENE 16.3 193 19.8 1.7 E 13.4 98 10.1 0.9 ESE 14o5 44 4.5 o.4 SE 11.6 40 4.1 o04 SSE 14.0 49 5o0 0o4 s 14o6 49 5o0 Oo4 SSW 15.4 73 7.5 0.7 SW 14.8 84 8o6 o.8 WSW 16o4 46 4.7 0.4 W 14.3 45 4.6 0o4 WNW 15.5 57 5 o9 o05 NW 1606 4,1 04o NNW 11.5 23 2.4 0.2 Calm 0.0 o 0.4 0.0 Totals 974 100.0 8.8 Average 14 7 C -11

N N NW_<\^ YNE NW NE W-15-E famph 15% 8 mph W.4 E W E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Spring (I Mar.-31 May) 1950-54 Spring (I Mar.-31 May) 1958 N NW r-/ NE 1/, 15 % 8mph ENRICO FERMI POWER PLAT S LAGSOONA B H, GA ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH,MICHIGAN Spring (I Mar. -31 May) 1958 Fig. 2-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1958. C -12

I~1~ 1, o 0 o o -I o0 00 0 Cj 0j.. L CO D i'r -p rf -P rj 0 C0 Or 0| Cd CO Cd t3: o *| P ~ ^'P 00 0 000 |0 W (nU H S n I E-1 a) H P i 0 HOcO H aOCOOC 24. 0 0~~1 h 0 o H W^0 OOO OOOOOOO 0 o 4 CO, —I 4 d.-I <Jc J0o H -IU O C r q CO J H- O!-4 O LH- O II L0 ln-PU ) t0 n C n — O r C C H O U 0E - - I r CI 1Z 1 H Sw~U) CD o) 4 1. o o I 1,40.> Q CI Q 0-^OOKmr-l^ If - Ht I X r I I-I O O o-I- H C H O I- O!, C..r-c S H i. - I Hca d E 1Cf) 0LO 0O O* 0 c0 C rg\ d t- H OI i0:rt E- I C 6 L f o i 01 ~ ~, CQ1) H H 42 HOrl C \E n OO..- - -—!.H d d C H CO H FP4 P4 CO ru r4'r*~ r-I C) Pi rQ PL. 0 Xi o Ei,-4,.d.o 4dCm (D cH ra~- ( rq H OH H "! C X a rocM ^ ^^-P 0 WU )Cl ~~H uE~~~~ r) O l). H ^i Ho E P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ao o C-1H

H HrIHOJ 01J Cri -- OJ CH 0 j dddd dddd d I i0 0 0 0 0 0 00 to 0 a) rA4 (D c ai A H H H0 rI-I1 -P -P r — 0 r. r-.l r r r-l r-4 -J-4 | "I ~ i" ("^ ~ ~* *4 * * * C * * * M pq h L ~~~0000 0 00rd0 0C0 | 0 0q O i) El a) CO L('\ KOirM N -t-r-4 N N N K \ Ln\r-l rtCO_:- K-N H dr-Idr-r-ddddddSd o P -r. H 0 0000 0000 0 0 S~~ Hs E-l~ ~ ~ ~~~~- ^i.-i1 olr~ lijo i ojr- i ir- d 0 4Stor1 OJOJ KLr^o- r no r O0 o LC\O 0 0 H ^1rl -- * 0-j... 0 a irCojo\(j\Jr ojo CU L\C'CO L\ Lc\ 0 0r-lb H bz-.0 rH 0 P a)j cd -PH CPtll Cd1 C -J OO\0O N rC) 0)c to F-i u ~ C ~ C 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 EJ CO H HH^ H O\ sL H c H. F-I H H4 a, ed -P~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~H 0pC~ O6 c cOOO L C H u p po q o p 5 ^ l r-t 1^ rc0o 1r<-drl p l -I 0 co H HHH H H c 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Frd p 0 0 I.H O9CO 0C0 0 OWOG-O H te I O (a CO (i co Si 3 L\.- LCO\ 0 HC\j K\-.z1 I H S H ----- ---- H4 - H H I 4 Hp ~~~~~w cO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r rl C d I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- " ^l Cd I~ Hd U B'S 1"1 ^^1 r-l^-Olr-4^ ^ (DCQr tO riZ H 0 0E- u^ 00 G G G 0 K H - C O1 0) oH -il c Cd I; a) 0 0 Ci 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-P * H --— t ---- ~CH 3 *H r4H H CMC r r-l r-l N -l- D-t r-f -t |U I(D'Q ~to p- t o FIX ~~~~~~~d C'rl P c H qP t L^ j -l j) Ocd10 ^ | a)2'rl ^ a) ^ t-ll-to3 (ua 3 >s <D r~~~-4 -1 ^ z cii 10) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C a - C O PH oc iP ) co \ ON. a CQo _-co nO CO CY CO _:- — t.,I;t n.5 HCT; m I L6 Or d - Iti (D+ 5 a rl rI CU CU rl CU ~ rl rlo H l rl rI rA r-r rCQ CQ -P w to 0) ( I rH HP 0 dt o H GO CO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f'* r -i ii i C-14~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rI- 1 \ O ~~o HC'J HHH0 t-C nLC ~0\0O1~~ \ H~~~C to*~pi P-r m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~io ~d~ a,~~~~~~~~ t GO'H Hci a 01 X ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ Ed rdr aH - pr; o edC 14 0

TABLE XI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1958 - 51 August 1958 (Summer) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 9.4 8. 5 1.1 0.1 NNE 10.0 9.0 9 3.3 0.4 NE 12.8 15.0 10 5.7 0.5 ENE 15.0 13.2 6 2.2 0.5 E 12.8 12.5 19 7.0 0.9 ESE 12.5 11.4 5 1.8 0.2 SE 11.4 10.4 8 3.0 0.4 SSE 10.0 8.3 12 4.4 0.5 S 9.0 11.7 9 5.5 0.4 SSW 10.5 12.2 52 11.8 1.4 SW 11.8 12.5 6 15.5 1.6 WSW 10.7 10.9 54 19.9 2.4 w 11.1 10.0 35 12.2 1.5 WNW 11.1 9.7 18 6.6 0.8 NW 9.5 8.9 8 5.0 0.4 NNW 9.1 9.6 9 5.5 0.4 Calm 0.0 Totals 271 99.9 12.5 Average 10.8 11.1 C-15

TABLE XII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 June 1958 - 51 August 1958 (Summer) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitati pi tation itation Hours N 9.5 10.5 10 3.4 0.4 NNE 9.3 8.7 9 3.0 0.4 NE 9.1 6.8 9 3.0 0.4 ENE 8.5 11.0 14 4.7 o.6 E o10.8 12.0 14 4.7 o.6 ESE 9.2 10.8 12 4.0 0.5 SE 7.6 6.8 8 2.7 0.4 SSE 7.8 10.1 5 1.7 0.2 S; 9.4 10.6 19 6.4 0.9 SSW 11.2 12.5 31 10.4 1.4 SW 13.2 14.3 46 15.5 2.1 WSW 13.1 12.6 57 19.2 2.6 w 11.3 11.4 29 9.8 1.3 WNW 11.7 11.6 17 5.7 0.8 NW 9.9 10.9 11 3.7 0.5 NNW 9.0 7.8 6 2.0 0.3 Calm 0.0 Totals 297 99.9 13.4 Average 10.7 11.6 C-16

TABLE XIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Summer Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 11.2 18 3.8 0,2 NNE 11.5 24 5.0 002 NE 11.0 42 8o8 0.4 E'NE 102 25 5.2 0.2 E 11.3 28 5.9 0.3 FSE 7.6 8 1.7 0.1 SE 7.3 18 308 0.2 SSE 8.2 17 3.6 0.2 S 8.2 27 5.7 0,2 SSW 12.4 62 13.0 o.6 SW 10 8 82 17.2 0.7 WSW 11.4 38 8.0 0 3 W 9.8 21 4.4 0.2 WNW 12.0 24 5.0 0.2 NW 10o9 13 2.7 0.1 NNW 13.0 21 4.4 0.2 Calm 0.0 9 1.9 0,1 Totals 477 100o0 4.3 Average 10o 6 C-17

N N NW / \NE NW >NE 15% a mph 15% a mph I0 E0 \W s -- \ E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Summer ( I June-31 Aug.) 1950-54 Summer ( I June —31 Aug.) 1958 N NWINE 15% Ekmph E SW \ S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Summer (I June-31 Aug.) 1958 Fig. 3-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1958. C-18

,-i r- r-I I (J r-I r4 CJ 0 0 0 00 00 0 I 0Q 0 00 (U *-i a) P r-j L r| cio 0 E d ]HH H HHH H HI L ZH CQ CQ H 00 0 0 000 0 0I -H 0 D rl H. rK\ --- - H r- - 0C a) U t.i OO -O O OOO O O O H |- 0 ijt V |j kH H O- OO r0 Za) H l H l H 0 0 0 0 Ei 00 0 00 000 00 -0 ^(1 ~ rII 1HNOJ 0 H O 1 \ H 1 CQ 1H HI Fh U | | d H, *, m I a) H HH I f HO Ha) CO 00r._) k' 0 0 aoi i O | O rd O 1 E 3 i,i C., H 0 ~~H g'3 * * H ~ | 0 I 0 I, 0 \,0 | -'' EO M ~4 o o P -ru OH a ). ~1en~~~~~d rI |~ *ahrd CC Cra C0 ~ *rO *' h CI'| - H) E- u-C -P 9 PI 1^ ^i 0-i a) 0 0 n-p-'+ PH E- rdH 3 *r4a Fl^~~ m H H ~p-4 ~0 0 n, -r H-I E-i 4-^r) C)g i.-,,D,0)W~~~~~~~0 a)H~~ Ha co Pz1 ~ cii a)4 a) Qa 1C a) P crrj4 cp5 3

00000 000000000 O ddddd dddddddddH HH I 4-') rO -P OOO H Ol\ O-1 \ O OJ I 0P P S~~~ 3d d ddd ddddd IrC) 0 - Lr \ t- r- r-..J..CH OJ r ^ S l-i \0 \0 r- r-i N r —4t r-AI -!,C-O r- r-q r-I H- rO -.) H r z a) 0 ~ r-Q g H L 0 k > C | | | < | 0 o - r o 14 H C 0.. 0 0 _- 00H0 LCn O rI O 0i c o o'A N? \ r-I c o IQ CJ2 0 0 a) H Co 0 CNJ _:I- \0 \10 0 CM _:IJ - CM C\ - 0 C \O UA ) ^ I n H C'J rH. HE-, C M ty O H = 0000 0~ ~ ~ C OOLC\0 c\o o L\L.I r4 rd ND K~ 0~ U~ 14 r4 1o ) (1. ~ a co C),.,. - a1, —i 1) -H - I HH H r-I 4, a) CO P4 r4 0-i rH aH) D 0 r (D 0 *1: O C! U)0 C0C00 HC H0\i0 HN I, —, P q CO r- r rl rl r- l r-1. H! Cd Q X eg H: a E- N OC -a C) 4 X c ^H-Lv0 X n 0 0 0\ 04 C0 | M O0 r [4 ~1, n c _: O 00 CUJ K \.6 S (6 co 0. U)0, rrq JC 4r-qr q lO4r-^ C -tr rq (U^I 3 m 0 00 CO a) r-i a) 0 H 4- O n - r-I CQ hO OJ a) co \ c H La a)4 V I r H C -20 H U3iiaC a) > cii co H 1.2> a)4,A) a o a) 0 C4 a) 0 a) C~~~~~a -204-~

TABLE XVI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1958 - 50 November 1958 (Fall) Average Average Wind. No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 9.2 8.5 11 5.0 0.5 NNE 9.2 12.1 12 5.5 0.5 NE 13.7 14.o0 25 6.2 1.1 ENE 15.5 15.6 17 4.6 o.8 E 11.8 15.9 14 o.8 0.6 ESE 10.5 14.7 11 5.0 0.5 SE 14.1 12.7 10 2.7 0.5 SSE 11.1 12.5 12 5.5 0.5 S 11.5 11.5 15 4.1 0.7 SSW 12.5 12.7 28 7.6 1.5 SW 14.8 16.0 55 14.9 2.5 WSW 14.0 17.1 41 11.1 1.9 W 15.2 15.6 50 15.6 2.5 WNW 10.9 12.7 26 7.0 1.2 NW 11.1 12.8 28 7.6 1.5 NNW 10.5 9.1 16 4.5 0.7 Calm Totals 569 100.1 16.9 Average 12.5 14.0 C-21

TABLE XVII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 September 1958 - 30 November 1958 (Fall) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 10.0 9.1 19 5.8 0.9 NNE 8.4 7.7 12 3.6 0.5 NE 8.5 9.4 21 6.4 1.0 ENE 8.5 9.9 14 4.3 0.6 E 9.7 9.6 16 4.9 0.7 ESE 9.3 9.8 13 4.0 o.6 SE 9.2 11.9 12 3.6 0.5 SSE 10.0 8.3 24 7.3 1.1 S 11.1 12.4 28 8.5 1.3 SSW 12.7 12.6 27 8.2 1.2 SW 14.5 15.3 37 11.2 1.7 wsw 14.3 16.1 25 7.6 1.1 W 14.0 15.1 22 6.7 1.0 WNW 12.6 14.2 20 6.1 0.9 NW 9.5 10.8 19 5.8 0.9 NNW 11.0 12.6 17 5.2 0.8 Calm 0.0 0.0 3 0.9 0.1 Totals 329 100.1 14.9 Average 11.7 11.9 C -22

TABLE XVIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION JITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Fall Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Pritation Precipita tion Hours N 14.6 36 5.7 0.3 NNE 15.2 40 6.3 0.4 NE 11.5 27 4.3 0.2 ENE 14.5 35 5.5 0.3 E 10.8 53 8.4 0.5 ESE 10o0 15 2.4 0.1 SE 9.4 14 2.2 0,1 SSE 13.6 35 5.5 0.3 S 14.3 69 10.9 0.6 SSW 13.6 77 12.1 0.7 SW 12o4 79 12.5 0.7 WSW 12.2 48 7.6 0.4 W 9.7 23 3.6 0.2 WNW 12.9 27 4.3 0.2 NW 17.1 33 5.2 0.3 NNW 19.2 18 2.8 0.2 Calm 0.0 5 0.8 0.0 Totals 634 100.0 5.8 Average 13.2 C-23

N N < 15 % amph / r 15% amph W 8 E W 0.9 E sw ~ a ~ SE SWSE S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Fall (ISep.-30 Nov.) 1950-54 Fall (I Sep.-30 Nov.) 1958 N NW/ NE / ^ l. y 15% a mph / E SW-' $^~ E S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Fall (I Sep.-30 Nov.) 1958 Fig. 4-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Fall, 1958. C-24

M C dddddddddd \ C1 H O O O C\J O OC\ U - rO O C OOO - - 4- -i -r-I r C\J I r Cd e d dCdd Id O0 000 0 I < 0 ~ ~ o o 00 0 -K'\ o\ P I' H | ( dd ff \Z O 6 ac V- I< ~ l~ ~ 1 3 I * o* cu ON | Q co Io I 0 V IO O\ 0I H.rl| E-i CO OCO O | OU H A I 1 0 0H O MS~~~~~~~~~~(,- - OO\ 0 -- r z a.lo odrl c; L ^ n 1 d H ( O 5 cU u] 0 \ jD rr>... ~.* c 5 - H 0 12 — \O O 3 OU O ~.r uH H 0C C iH n Q iZ L~Ok. 00000 00 0 0 ) Or 4 U F I 00- ON\ - C+ L\ CU 0 33 ^ - c ('- C C U whOJO (D.. H3 -t HO ~-5 Hq 0C t., — Oc Ci H ON ( Ft-I^ P - — Po4 - HM c 0UJ0 _.tQ 4 0 ON OJLCNC\ JOJ~U'O0 H! O 0H F0j _ H C) d - ( -p -p OH 0 *4 -P -P 0) d) cs~ QC; 45 (H) rH?HH CO1c C > 0 t^A E ^ CD co 1r- (P 0d 0 a+) 00 4 Hd OH -P 4T *CO >C Cd3 *0 D HO HC) n 0 -IHHH C\ \1 C\ (0) C DX 0 0 a,~~~~~~~~~~ +') *III A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~i 0> 0) 6d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Z E-: rdU) ~H'H ~ ~ I- 0UC O'lF 0 da 3a a, ~~~-C-2

c\ o\C I j-.t- CO cO.\O L\0 O r- LU''C\ K\' COJ H 55d d lrl-O r; l c; r; 4trC 0 j ir- -\ 0 H I)i4 Co\cO ( n \C O N C co \ -1 KO WI\ K\D -Zj 01 C\ P ca dE-l ( ~3O ~ -- -- i LP\ Lr\, r\ O O OO: O'/OO O F~~~~~~~1~-! IiH c') -— I - ^'^ Ml H. M.. Lc r o. 0*o d d d H ^^ H CH (i~cO MY\CC)U-\n K HK\\ 0 -0I r-i ( UJ O O -P ^- cH Q ciC OO x'K00 P ^ g 0 0 t^j cCO w\ 0n 0C K\ K.,\ 00U0000 r-{ \ -. 00'0D OO O bD i | tD o oa ) H 0HbO H 0 0 o I -P ) cu 0H (D U 8- r,-! r —-! ~ Fi C H 0 a -P Ho c P, _ H 0H i-l CO-' H O E co P r-, 4 0) Hi pH 0&\ ci )n * P CH.r40 0 Ir v- r 4 0 co ( U O H (I) ( (D c H CO O K^\^) 0,,c\,, Ot- z0 0 000.- O ocO IO ac O —'1\1 i- -P N t~q rtHH HCJ H rH l H'I Hi *ca,i -i -O (D aH Ca o 2 -P 0 0 o m0 a)c HOH??H > Pi~ a)~~C -P 2 r —^ 4 C r-1P, ~r4 r-1 O < <a < CO;-, C C cooCO cO 0 02~~C-0

TABLE XXI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 1o.6 12.4 41 2.9 0.5 NNE 11.8 12.2 40 2.9 0.5 NE i6.1 14.0 78 5.6 0.9 ENE 15.1 16.8 70 5.0 0.8 E 15.4 15.9 63 4.5 0.7 ESE 12.5 14.8 45 3.2 0.5 SE 12.4 12.3 36 2.6 0.4 SSE 11.0 13.2 46 3.3 0.5 S lo.8 13.3 60 4.3 0.7 sSW 11.9 12.1 82 5.9 1.0 SW 13.7 14.6 143 10.3 1.7 WSW 13.2 14.1 193 13.9 2.3 W 13.1 18.7 190 13.7 2.2 WNW 13.3 14.3 121 8.7 1.4 NW 13.4 13.3 86 6.2 1.0 NNW 12.1 13.6 89 6.4 1.0 Calm 0.0 0.0 6 0.4 0.1 Totals 1389 100.0 16.2 Average 12.9 14.5 C-27

TABLE XXII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Average Average Wind No. of Hours ofPrecipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 10.1 11.7 86 5.4 1.0 NNE 9.6 11.2 55 3.4 0.6 NE 9.9 11.3 85 5-3 1.0 ENE 11.7 13.2 90 5.6 1.0 E 12.0 12.3 84 5.2 1.0 ESE 9.5 8.9 43 2.7 0.5 SE 8.5 9.2 56 3.5 0.6 SSE 9.4 10.8 54 3.4 0.6 S 10.4 12.0 87 5.4 1.0 SSW 12.1 12.6 89 5.6 1.0 SW 13.6 14.3 152 9.5 1.7 WSW 13.3 13.6 238 14.9 2.7 W 11.8 12.7 170 10.6 1.9 WNW 11.7 12.3 115 7.2 1.5 NW 10.5 11.9 107 6.7 1.2 NNW 10.7 15.2 87 5.4 1.0 Calm 0.0 0.0 3 0.2 0.0 Totals 1601 100.0 18.1 Average 11.4 12.5 C-28

TABLE XXIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Annual Summary) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 12.7 158 5.0 0.4 NNE 14.8 179 5.6 0.4 NE 13.0 213 6.7 0.5 ENE 15.9 389 12.2 0.9 E 12.2 252 7.9 o06 ESE 12.3 113 3.6 0.3 SE 10.6 129 4.1 0.3 SSE 13.2 161 5.1 0.4 S 13.8 261 8.2 0.6 SSW 14.3 326 10.2 0.7 SW 13.7 322 10.1 0.7 WSW 14.0 179 5.6 0.4 W 12.1 115 3.6 0o3 WNW 14.1 140 4.4 0.3 NW 15.4 133 4.2 0.3 NNW 14.0 91 2.9 0.2 Calm 0.0 20 0.6 0.0 Total 3181 1000o 7.3 Average 13.7 C-29

N N NW NE NW NE 15% & mph / 15% EN mph W0! W- 0.^ - 6 E- IE W'E E — 6_ E C Sw~ / —+-" \ ~ E sw\ / —1 S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO,OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Annual ( I Dec.-30 Nov.) 1950-54 Annual (I Dec.-30 Nov.) 1957-58 N NW NE W / ^vV-SE- ^ ~15% 8 mph w E S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Annual (I Dec.-30 Nov.)1957-58 Fig. 5-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Annual Summary, 1957-1958. c-3o

ep 4 - - H L[N rH OJ r-l O r O \ c o I 0 cO HS ~ *H [ —, o Ho 0 rd H_ ~ rH H <-: E- | I H-)) 00 O H O H - ON H —I 0> 0LQ 0 > O OH ~ j r-l \0 r- I- 0\ r \! Or - r- 0 a I ^d CU:r-i i L(V rl -O 0 r-q H C-J 0 N-N ON c0J C Q H a4 r[ 0 0 O a 0 F Ct 01 H rH H H M ED * H 00 0 <. r b I-I o O \_ 1 H 4> 0- O0 P9 ocy co ri &H S c ( C 0-P. 0 0 I A 06 CQ +3 A \10 O j r-1 (^ 1> i ~ H C-51 C-51 cu c; L

O O O r Cr-O J r- l O O O O 1 C ) *r-i P'H O H H O O H r-r- O 00 |IU)......... H 000000 0 O 000000 00 |0 0 P- P H ct C\ ow H q \t H KCU C\ co H H _0 zH ~ ~ r U * E-H * <D H H Q E-tl ar4 r. r-t H H 0Hq O -— _- ONN C L -.- _J:-O j 0\ 0 0 E........... Vo U-C lD cH rH\ C HH H -0 r- 0 WA ~d n m o V U E) r.D 0 0 ~ —1- c0 -'<O ^O. LrO -..K - i" LA Ur 0j, a\ 0j 0; o\ aD Qi p t r~- FH o so o a Co 11 P4 oO S.~ EH _ H H g O L\ O _: —- n -j In rn 0 t O O I H.IO LIH A 00 rO D Oo.c. c -O C C0 -4 O._ fi S WW'JHr-rHH-r r- HH H r- 4I Ux ix _ ) d C )> H\- co H O. 0= c/ 0~iir4 H Co o O 0 Eo,Q ~ \,D * ON CQ ON CQ -: CMl r ^ \-t. D C 00 I O) c rU HPIiC.E 0ON::1 H r-z I 0H -O.4 rdH Xi O H Ir A U 1n<@ ong~wZ Fo-i a) Ii H< 4- r -4 10 W J r H 4 r-I N N N Ni g H W I \ @ P-m () 04 3 edH VQ E tCo Q C, h7t)C U) C)) H ____ H O H 1 3 r4 CC) Lf\ \,D r-= CU C\1I C \L C) r- rC X X $ H~~~~~~~~~~~~UH P pq cd a) -P 0 b D rd'o cI>b 0- ^ P PO CQ ( X X X C3d *rl >; E i C) -5 2~ 0 o C: 0 L- r\c o\ 0 r- co t r r-d 00 — t n KN- O co I0 \D *rH4?; <3lO r} O -4r- r-4 " OJ O\ r J rH OJC r-I r-A Ct- (U P 4-) a) C-52 ~ ~ ~ ~ d <d~

O OH HtHlHH. L.N O O r-i O r-IO r-O O O O C OO O- OO O- 01- M O ~H dddddddddddddddd I K\ 0) r4.H C)'" 0" Cl.~' C4' tI'-P rL C'J C.. C o - — C' rC C Cd -d.d.......... 0) E-1 0) k ~CO & rc)cO ^ o3 0 0^ * * * * * * * * * * * * * a I: - HCH OOOOOOOOOOOOH O O I,> 0 ~ 0)^3 ~O-toj n r — L — L- - 0 C\jZ_:Unco nC\Zt r-A O\ S ~ ~ 5H H 0 4-?' HH ON z (I2 @ zH) H 0 OO -O -L0 -- Oa 0cO -lCJO D - o n N HrH IO 1,\ 0 n \10i 4 \4 CO \ 0 lf4\J 0 - H O E o-') X D-! O h-WCO00 0 D ~ t,r-t o oQ H * ~ 1 I I H * O N a Ek M H oU 0o E-I C J1; E@,Q U C0a) H H ON b H H 0 rOl Oc 1 H H OW F HH N O H |t ~, O ||, E-i co H o i 1S r r-r-r-H rl HHH H rH rH r r - rl H -' 0z Cdz 3 a P-r H HH H HH r-H < CO ESrl C-3 v H0 0). I C C! * C ~ -P P H co'p p H CO CO? L\ C-l H COCO6 rdr'JJ-rO r\C ( 4-) H r4 K n Kc c- tH- O N- OL- c\ Ln oNo Co Hm a H 4' t\-OOLC \O c CO In O N, s PCr;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~P- a)' c c 3 \S D O - r-l-K\OO CO r- rC ON O O O O O O i COl E1! riI — l r H r(l- j U1 i t>-\ r\ \ (M OJ t- *Hr4 Pi r^ a 3 (d 4-P 0 H-0 CO-O-J-\OCOtH — rV-\\OO -OLO O C O COCC \ON\ LCN *r 0K\ C\I n K K' K\ CJ r-r —4r -4Ir-I - NCOC) \,O (U n C )4-p) ( HJ (U r0l 4- CP ~r4.~o H2 W ~f ~ t0 03 < < H 4 -' p H t I c-55

TABLE XXVII-C ASSOCIATION OF HOURS OF CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION WITH LAPSE BATE AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 50 November 1957 (Annual) Average Duration in Hours of Continuous Precipitation Wind Lapse Rate Categories Respect to Direction Direction S W I Wind Direction N 8.0 5.0 5.5 NNE 5.5 5.0 4.6 NE 1.5 5.0 4.5 ENE 5.6 5.0 4.2 E 5.2 9.5 5.0 6.4 ESE 4.0 5.5 5.0 SE 4.0 6.3 5.5 SSE 4.3 1.0 2.7 2.9 S 5.0 2.0 2.5 SSW 1.5 1.6 5.5 2.0 SW 5.0 1.0 2.0 2.7 WSW 1.6 2.7 5.5 2.5 W 1.5 1.0 1.4 WNW 10.0 10.0 NW 1.5 2.0 1.6 NNW 4.0 5.0 4.5 Calm Average 5.5 5.2 3.6 5.5 Codes S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. C-54

TABLE XXVIII-C ASSOCIATION OF HOURS OF CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION WITH LAPSE RATE AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Wind. | Average Duration in Hours of Continuous Precipitation Direction L.apse Rate Categories Respect to S W I Wind Direction N 1.5 2.5 12.0 4.0 NNE 10.2 4.0 1.0 8.3 NE 8.6 1.0 7.8 ENE 2.0 18.0 10.0 E 10.7 5.0 10.1 ESE 5.5 14.0 4.0 7.7 SE 5.0 6.0 18.0 8.8 SSE 7.0 4.0 8.3 6.4 S 2.0 5.2 2.5 2.8 SSW 2.5 4.8 3.8 4.6 SW 6.5 7.2 4.1 5.9 WSW 3.5 5.2 6.8 5.5 W 5.7 4.5 10.0 5.6 WNW 6.7 2.8 6.3 5.4 NW 4.3 5.3 4.4 NNW 9.4 6.7 7.9 Calm Average 6.6 6.2 7.1 5.9 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature Increase with height. c-55

TABLE XXIX-C PERCENTAGE OCCURRENCE OF CONTINUOUS HOURS OF PRECIPITATION WITHIN LAPSE-RATE CATEGORIES AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1957 (Annual) Duration of Continuous Continuous S W I Total Precipitation (hr) 1 25.9 5.6 10.2 41.7 2 9.3 2.8 2.8 14.9 5 4.6 1.9 1.9 8.4 4 1.9 0.9 2.8 5.6 5 4.6 1.9 4.6 11.1 6 1.9 3.7 5.6 7 1.9 0.9 2.8 8 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.7 9 0.9 0.9 10 11 0.9 0.9 1.8 12 0.9 0.9 13 14 0.9 0.9 1.8 15 >15 1.9 1.9 Totals 56.5 14.9 28.7 100.1 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. C-36

TABLE XXX-C PERCENTAGE OCCURRENCE OF CONTINUOUS HOURS OF PRECIPITATION WITHIN LAPSE-RATE CATEGORIES AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1957 - 30 November 1958 (Annual) Duration of Continuous Continuous S W I Total Precipitation (hr) 1 5.3 7.8 2.4 15.5 2 9.7 5.8 2.4 17.9 3 3.9 3.9 3.4 11.2 4 4.4 5.4 2.4 10.2 5 4.4 4.4 1.5 10.3 6 1.9 1.9 1.0 4.8 7 1.5 2.4 1.5 5.4 8 1.5 1.5 1.0 4.0 9 1.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 10 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 11 2.4 1.5 0.5 4.4 12 1.5 0.5 1.5 3.5 13 0.5 0.5 14 1.0 0.5 1.5 15 0.5 1.0 1.5 >15 2.9 1.5 1.5 5.9 Totals 42.9 37.1 20.6 100.6 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. C-37

TABLE XXXI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 10.8 13.3 54 3.0 0.3 NNE 13.6 13.2 67 3.7 0.4 NE 15.7 15.2 106 5.8 o.6 ENE 14.7 16.6 117 6.4 0.7 E 14.7 18.4 112 6.1 0.7 ESE 12.1 14.1 61 3.3 0.4 SE 12.1 14.4 68 3.7 0.4 SSE 10.8 15.5 78 4.3 0.5 S 10.9 13.0 90 4.9 0.5 SSW 12.3 12.9 124 6.8 0.7 SW 13.4 14.2 170 93. 1.0 WSW 13.6 13.9 225 12.3 1.3 W 12.6 17.9 204 11.2 1.2 WNW 12.7 14.3 149 8.2 0.9 NW 12.3 13.1 95 5.2 0.6 NNW 11.2 13.9 101 5.5 0.6 Calm 0.0 0.0 6 0.3 0.0 Totals 1826 100.0 10.8 Average 12.7 14.7 C -38

TABLE XXXII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 9.8 12.2 121 5.4 0.7 NNE 9.9 11.5 96 4.5 0.5 NE 9.8 11.6 120 5.4 0.7 ENE 11.5 13.0 135 6.1 0.8 E 11.4 15.2 156 7.0 0.9 ESE 8.8 8.5 55 2.5 0.5 SE 8.1 9.4 73 3.3 0.4 SSE 9.6 12.2 104 4.7 0.6 s 10.4 12.3 171 7.7 1.0 SSW 12.0 15.5 144 6.5 0.8 SW 13.5 14.2 207 9.5 1.2 WSW 15.2 15.4 278 12.5 1.6 W 11.8 12.7 188 8.4 1.1 WNW 11.5 11.9 144 6.5 0.8 NW 10.1 11.5 126 5.7 0.7 NNW 10.2 12.3 105 4.6 o.6 Calm 0.0 0.0 5 0.2 0.0 Totals 2226 100.1 12.7 Average 11.1 12.4 C-59

TABLE XXXIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Annual Summary) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 12.7 158 5.0 0.4 NNE 14.8 179 5.6 0.4 NE 13.0 213 6.7 0.5 ENE 15.9 389 12.2 0.9 E: 12.2 252 7.9 o.6 ESE 12.3 113 3.6 0.3 SE 10.6 129 4.1 0.3 SSE 13.2 161 5.1 0.4 S 13.8 261 8.2 o.6 sSW 14.3 326 10.2 0.7 SW 13.7 322 10.1 0.7 WSW 14.0 179 5.6 0.4 W 12.1 115 3.6 0.3 WNW 14.1 140 4.4 0.3 NW 15.4 133 4.2 0.3 NNW 14.0 91 2.9 0.2 Calm 0.0 20 o.6 0.0 Total 3181 100.0 7.3 Average 13.7 C-40

N N N W NE NW -~ NE 15% a mph 15% amph W -6 — o.E W - 0.2 -E~-l —.E cSW / SE S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO,OHIO TOLEDO,OHIO Annual (I Dec.-30 Nov.) 1950-54 2 yr. sum (I Dec-30 Nov.) 1956-58 NW/ NE Ha/ ^< \^-^Y S 15%amph swS.SE S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH,MICHIGAN 2yr. sum (I Dec:-30 Nov.) 1956-58 Fig. 6-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Two-Year Summary, 19561958. c-41

O O - r-i r-H N NC C CN C J, —t1KN r-A r I r i\ -P~-~ r- - * - * * 0 0 Cd d 0000 0000 ddd i o aL E-1o r H ~ EI OO 2 P 13..i o. CQ Eq -91^ ~E 1< Hd ddd d dd dddd d d~ I ~~~~Ln 4 1K \ 1 - \ 1 1 co 0 m.r- H. o H Cu J Lr — o 0L c O O O co KOJ OK- OC,t*.1 *. **..-t r. * -1;0 40 0 C\CO. - 0N rC O -., r -i O O 0O, —I I H ~ E^ H O g^ r-I K^ Kt r^ Ho rI O O O K^ O -W t O 0 U) C0\OOOV Hi \\ I4co UC * * U > O H H 0 HH' I00 O r\ -..\ 0\ CQ-D o n U H U) uQ 6 6 C EH H I 0 CO COH 0- C- O O — t - r- O-O CO O0 H O U) I H H H HH H - C-t K\ r-4 tt\ rC K H HC\j 43 Ox4 rO O Q tAr \ C o o co 5 O 00 Cl)Q o t>- r it — O\. ON\10- _:t CM o\ 0 J o\o\ U- ) \ Cd -r3 4 r-1 r - 4 r- r -A r - rl r- r-r - rl r- rA l rA S?? OH r-I rd Er. -.Hr \O _Q b- r- ooC) ~ ~ ~ 4 H CO co PC|Er- I co Q. co E - n \iO P00 0 LC\o Qt\ 0-0- t r HEi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~H C03 * r4 C D n C O.o co C r-l CQ p 0 WO _ oO K Lo\D\>-Oco n n 0 \ojLn o\ L —_i- H *r. o0 CO C\c0 WI\rl\'OOO OJ K J co c \0 r-H (D -P ) < M I O~~~~~~~0co Q -P U * F4 30 0'H Hc 1" a -4a

TABLE XXXV-C ASSOCIATION OF HOURS OF CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION WITH LAPSE RATE AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) ~Wind. ~Average Duration in Hours of Continuous Precipitation Dirlecon Lapse Rate Categories Respect to S W I I Wind. Direction N 3.7 2.7 12.0 3.2 NNE 7.9 4.5 1.0 6.8 NE 7.2 5.0 3.0 6.4 ENE 5.1 11.5 6.4 E 11.1 6.8 3.0 8.1 ESE 5.2 14.0 5.0 6.9 SE 4.5 6.0 8.6 6.8 SSE 5.5 3.5 4.1 4.4 S 2,7 3.0 2.1 2.6 SSW 2.1 2.8 3.7 2.8 SW 3.8 6.7 3.9 5.1 WSW 2.5 4.8 6.3 4.6 W 4.8 4.2 10.0 5.0 WNW 7.1 2.8 6.3 5.7 NW 3.3 5.3 2.5 3.6 NNW 7.2 6.7 5.0 6.9 Calm Average 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.1 Code~ S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. C-45

TABLE XXXVI-C PERCENTAGE OCCURRENCE OF CONTINUOUS HOURS OF PRECIPITATION WITHIN LAPSE-RATE CATEGORIES AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1958 (2-Year Summary) Duration of Continuous Continuous S W I Total Precipitation (hr) 1 12.4 7.0 5.1 24.5 2 9.5 4.8 2.5 16.8 5 4.1 3.2 2.8 10.1 4 3.5 2.5 2.5 8.5 5 4.5 3.5 2.5 10.5 6 1.9 1.3 1.9 5.1 7 1. 1.6.6 1.3 4.5 8 1.3 1.3 1.0 3.6 9 1.0 0.3 0.3 1.6 10 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.2 11 1.9 1.3 0.3 3.5 12 1.3 0.3 1.0 2.6 13 0.3 0.3 14 1.0 0.6 1.6 15 0.3 0.6 0.9 >15 2.5 1.0 1.0 4.5 Totals 47.4 29.3 23.1 99.8 Code' S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. C-44

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 03025 3358