THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Civil Engineering Meteorological Laboratories Fifth Progress Report METEOROLOGICAL ANALYSIS E. Wendell Hewson Professor of Meteorology Gerald Co Gill Associate Professor of Meteorology Eugene W. Bierly Graduate Research Assistant Irwin Spickler Assistant in Research UMRI Project 2515 under contract with: POWER REACTOR DEVELOPMENT COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN administered by: THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANN ARBOR June 1960

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PREFACE This report presents the data collected at the Enrico Fermi site from 1 December 1958 to 30 November 1959. The data are tabulated in four append.ices to the report. Appendix A contains the wind data, Appendix B the temperature-lapse data, Appendix C the precipitation data, and. Appendix D continuous inversion data from 1 December 1956 to November 1957. The data within the first three appendices are grouped, according to the four seasons of the year with a one-year and. three-year summary at the end of each appendix. Appendix D is arranged according to seasons with a yearly summary at the end.. The fourth progress report compared. meteorological parameters between the first year, 1957, and. the data collected, during 1958. This fifth report compares the data collected during 1958 with those of 1959. Comparisons are also made with 1957 to obviate reference to Progress Report No. 4. We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mrs. Sally Pugsley, Miss Louise Straus, and Miss Ana Lucia Torres, who abstracted. the data from the chart rolls and. prepared. the tables, and to Mrs. Anne C Rivette, who typed the manuscript. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES xv ABSTRACT xix I. COMPARISON OF WIND DATA 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Wind Directions at the Enrico Fermi Plant Site 1 3. Wind Speed at the Enrico Fermi Plant Site 5 II. COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA7 1. Introduction7 2o Frequency of Inversions 7 35 The Diurnal Variation of Inversion 8 4, The Persistance of Inversions 8 5. The Association of Lapse Rates with Wind Speed 60 The Association of Lapse Rates with Wind Direction g III. COMPARISON OF PRECIPITATION DATA 11 1o Introduction 11 2o Seasonal Variations in the Frequency of Precipitation 11 3. The Association of Wind Speed and Wind Direction with Precipitation 12 IV. SUMMARY 13 APPENDIX A. WIND DATA A-1 APPENDIX B. TEMPERATURE- LAPSE- RATE DATA B- 1 APPENDIX C. PRECIPITATION DATA C- 1 APPENDIX D. CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS - 1957 D- 1 v

LIST OF TABLES Table Page I Limiting Values of Chi-Square. 3 I-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped. According to Wind Speeds: Winter, 1958-59-; Enrico Fermi Site. A- 2 II-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Winter, 1958-59; Toledo Express Airport. A-3 III-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Winter, 1958-59; Detroit City Airport. A-4 IV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Winter, 1958-59; Detroit City Airport. A-5 V-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Winter Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-6 VI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring, 1959; Enrico Fermi Site. A-8 VII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring, 1959; Toledo Express Airport. A- 9 III-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring, 1959; Detroit City Airport. A-10 IX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and. Unbiased: Spring, 1959; Detroit City Airport. A-11 X-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Spring Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport A- 12 vii

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Summer, 1959; Enrico Fermi Siteo A-14 XII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind. Speeds: Summer, 1959; Toledo Express AirportO A-15 XIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Summer, 1959; Detroit City Airport. A- 16 XIV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Summer, 1959; Detroit City Airport. A- 17 XV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind. Speed.s Summer Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-18 XVI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Fall, 1959; Enrico Fermi Site. A-20 XVII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speedso Fall, 1959; Toledo Express Airport. A- 21 XVIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind. Speeds: Fall, 1959; Detroit City Airport. A-22 XIX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and. Unbiased. Fall, 1959; Detroit City Airport. A-23 XX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds; Fall Seasons, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-24 XXI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: Annual, 1958-59; Enrico Fermi Site. A-26 viii

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XXII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind. Speeds: Annual, 1958-59; Toledo Express Airport. A-27 XXIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind. Speeds: Annual, 1958-59; Detroit City Airport. A-28 XXIV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and Unbiased: Annual, 1958-59; Detroit City Airport. A-29 XXV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 5-Year Summary, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-30 XXVI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59; Enrico Fermi Site. A-32 XXVII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59; Toledo Express Airport. A-33:XVIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Wind.s in Various Directions Grouped According to Wind Speeds: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59; Detroit City Airport. A-34 XXIX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions, Biased and. Unbiased: 5-Year Summary, 195659; Detroit City Airport. A-35 XXX-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds in Various Directions Grouped. According to Wind Speeds: 5-Year Summary, 1950-54; Toledo Municipal Airport. A-36 XXXI-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (W, WNW, NW, NNW, N, and NNE) A-38 XXXII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (ENE) A-39 ix

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XXXIII-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (E, ESE, SE, SSE, and S) A-40 XXXIV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (SSW) A-41 XXXV-A Percentage Frequency of Occurrence of Winds from 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (SW and WSW) A-42 I- B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico B-3 Fermi Site: Winter, 1958-59. II-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Winter, 1958-59. B-3 III-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site Winter, 1958-59. B- 4 IV-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Winter, 1958-59. B-5 V-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1958-59. B-6 VI-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1958-59. B-7 VII-B Wind. Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and. Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1958-59. B-8 VIII-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Sites Spring, 1959. B-10 IX-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Spring, 1959. B-ll X-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1959. B- 12 XI-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Spring, 1959, B-13 x

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XII-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind. Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1959. B-14 XIII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1959. B-15 XIV-B Wind Direction and. Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1959. B-16 XV-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1959. B-18 XVI-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Summer, 1959o B- 19 XVII-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1959. B-20 XVIII-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Summer, 1959 B- 21 XIX-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1959o B-22 XX-B The Association of Inversion Periods and. Wind. Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site Summer, 1959. B-23 XXI-B Wind. Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1959. B-24 XXII-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1959. B-26 XXIII-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Fall, 1959. B-27 XXIV-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1959o B-28 XXV-B Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Fall, 1959. B-29 xi

LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page XXVI-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind. Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1959. B-30 XXVII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1959. B-31 XXVIII-B Wind. Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1959. B-32 XXIX-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1958-59. B-34 XXX-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: Annual, 1958-59. B-35 XXXI-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1958-59. B-36 XXXII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1958-59. B-37 XXXIII-B Wind. Direction and. Mean Wind Speed. Associated with Inversions and. Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1958-59. B-38 XXXIV-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the Enrico Fermi Site: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59. B-40 XXXV-B Summary of Temperature-Lapse-Rate Data at the WJBK-TV Tower: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59. B-41 XXXVI-B The Association of Temperature Lapse Rates with Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59. B-42 XXXVII-B The Association of Inversion Periods and Wind Direction at the Enrico Fermi Site: 3-Year Summary, 195659. B-43 XXXVIII-B Wind Direction and Mean Wind Speed Associated with Inversions and Noninversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59. B-)44 xii

LIST OF TABLES (Continued.) Table Page XXXIX-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions by Seasons at the Enrico Fermi Site: 1 December 1958- 30 November 1959. B-46 XL-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions by Seasons at the WJBK-TV Tower: 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959. B-47 XLI-B. Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959. B-52 XLII-B Hourly Percentage Frequency of Inversion at the WJBK-TV Tower: 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959. B-53 I-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the,Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1958-59. C-2 II-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Winter, 1958-59. C-3 III-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind. at the Toled.o Municipal Airport: Winter Seasons, 1950-54. C-4 IV-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1959. C-6 V-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Spring, 1959. C-7 VI-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toldeo Municipal Airport: Spring Seasons, 1950-54. C-8 VII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1959. C-10 VIII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Summer, 1959. C-11 IX-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: Summer Seasons, 1950-54. C-12 X-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the En-. rico Fermi Site: Fall, 1959. C-14 xiii

LIST OF TABLES (Concluded) Table Page XI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Fall, 1959o C-15 XII-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport- Fall Seasons, 1950-54. C-16 XIII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1958-59. C-18 XIV-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: Annual, 1958-59. C-19 XV-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: 5-Year Summary, 1950-54. C-20 XVI-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Enrico Fermi Site: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59o C-22 XVII-C The Association of Precipitation with Winds at the Toledo Express Airport: 3-Year Summary, 1956-59. C-23 XVIII-C The Association of Precipitation with Wind at the Toledo Municipal Airport: 5-Year Sunmary, 1950-54. C-24 I-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Winter, 1956-57' D- II-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Winter, 1956-57o D-4 III-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Spring, 1957. D-5 IV-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Spring, 1957. D16 V-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Summer, 1957o D-7 VI-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Towero Summer, 1957. D-8 VII-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Fall, 1957. D-9 VIII-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Fall, 1957. D-10 IX-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the Enrico Fermi Site: Annual, 1957o D-11 X-D Frequency of Continuous Inversions at the WJBK-TV Tower: Annual, 1956-57. D- 12 xiv

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 A topographic map of Enrico Fermi site and Surroundings, 2 1-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 1958-1959. A-7 2-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1959o A-13 3-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1959o A-19 4-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site. Fall, 1959o A-25 5-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport,-Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Annual Summary, 1958-1959o A-31 6-A Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Three-Year Summary, 1956-1959. A-37 7-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean winter wind speed, 1958-1959o A-43 8-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean spring wind speed, 1959. A-44:xV

LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 9-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean summer wind speed, 1959. A-45 10-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean fall wind speed, 1959. A-46 11-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean annual wind speed, 1958-1959. A-47 12-A Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean three-year wind speed, 1956-1959. A-48 1-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at Enrico Fermi site: Winter 1958-1959. B-9 2-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site- Spring, 1959. B-17 3-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Summer, 1959. B-25 4-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Fall, 1959. B-33 5-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Annual Summary, 1958-1959. B-39 6-B Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions and corresponding wind speed B-45 in mph at the Enrico Fermi site: Three-Year Summary, 1956-1959. 7-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Winter, 1958-1959. B-48 xvi

LIST OF FIGURES (Concluded) Figure Page 8-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Spring, 1959. B-49 9-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Summer, 1959. B-50 10-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Fall, 1959 B-51 11-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV towers Annual Summary, 1958-19590 B-54 12-B Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Three-Year Summary, 1956-1959o B-55 1-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 195819590 C-5 2-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1959. C-9 3-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1959o C-13 4-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Fall, 1959. C-17 5-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Annual Summary, 1958-1959. C-21 6-C Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions and corresponding wind speed in mph with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport and the Enrico Fermi site, Three-Year Summary, 1956-1959 C-25 xvii

ABSTRACT The chi-square test was used. to compare the 1958 and. 1959 wind data. The wind. data for the two years were found. to be quite similar. The temperature-lapse-rate data were compared in the same manner, and the results indicate that there is no significant statistical difference between the lapse-rate data for the two years. The chi-square test comparing the precipitation data for the two years indicates that the data for the two years are quite similar. xix

I. COMPARISON OF WIND DATA 1. INTRODUCTION For early progress reports, few meteorological data were available from the Enrico Fermi plant site. For this reason the data from the Detroit City and Toledo Express Airports played an important role in the early progress reports. The wind speed and wind direction occurrences at the plant site were compared with those at the above-mentioned sites. Sufficient data for the plant site are now available to permit comparison -of wind observations at the Enrico Fermi site made in 1959 with those made in 1958. The wind. records from the plant site, Detroit City Airport, and. Toledo Express Airport are included in this report by seasons, 1959 annual, and a three-year summary from 1957 through 1959. These data appear as Appendix A of this report. Once again, the wind data from Toledo Municipal Airport for the five-year period 1950-1954 have been included for comparison. These data are presented in Tables I-A through XXXV-A and Figs. 1A through 6A, 2. WIND DIRECTIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI PLANT SITE To aid. the reader in understanding the significance of the wind. direction distribution at the plant site, a topographic map of the site and its surroundings has been included as Fig. 1o In this section of the report the distribution of wind-direction frequencies for 1958 will be compared with that of 1959, An excellent statistical tool in making such a comparison is the chi-square test, which will indicate whether there is any statistical difference between the 1958 and 1959 data. Chi-square can be calculated using the formula: k X2 = (Oi-ei) 2 ~X = L ei 9 i=l - where k = number of pairs of frequencies to be compared, oi and. ei denote the'i.,th pair of observed and expected frequencies, and Zi = Zei. The wind.ata for 1958 are used. as the theoretical frequencies, and the 1959 data as the observed frequencies. Table I shows the limiting values of chi-square, which are dependent on a parameter v, the number of degrees of freedom. This parameter is equal to the number of categories being compared minus the number of restrictions. The only restriction in the com1

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TABLE I LIMITING VALUES OF CHI SQUARE v 10% 5% 1% 0.1% 1 2,71 384 6o64 10o83 2 4o61 5o99 9f21 13582 3 6,25 7082 11.34 16.27 4 7~78 9049 13o28 18,46 5 9,24 1107 15.09 20,52 6 0o.64 12.59 16.81 22.46 7 12.02 14,07 18,48 24.32 8 13536 15.51 20.09 26.12 9 14.68 16.92 21.67 27.88 10 15o99 18.51 23.21 29.59 11 17.28 19.68 24,73 31.26 12 18.55 21.03 26.22 32.91 13 19o81 22.56 27069 34.53 14 21.06 23569 29 14 36,12 15 22.31 25,00 35058 35770 16 23.54 26 30 32,00 39 25 18 25.99 28087 34,81 42.31 20 28o41 31.41 37-57 45o32 23 32,01 35517 41 64 49,73 26 35556 38,88 45.67 54.05 30 4o026 43577 50.89 59o70 parisons being made in this report is that the total number of occurrences in the theoretical distribution must equal the total number of occurrences in the sample distribution, As an example i.n this report, once the total number of occurrences are given 1-6 categories are independent so the seventeenth category is therefore fixed. For this reason 16 degrees of freedom will be used in the chi-square testing of the 1958 and 1959 data. The hypothesis to be tested is that 1959 data come from a population represented by the 1958 data, This hypothesis assumes that the 1958 data are typical of the actual wind-distribution picture at the plant site, As long as the values of chi-square are smaller than the limiting values at the 1% level in Table I, the above hypothesis will be accepted., and we can say that the 1959 data are not significantly different from the 1958 datao The annual summaries were compared using the chi-square test, 3

The value of chi-square computed from the annual 1958 and 1959 data was 1695o For 16 degrees of freedom, this value is well below the l1o value. We can therefore say that the 1958 and 1959 data were drawn from the same population. It is interesting to note that the value of o1695 is below the limiting value for 99o9% probability levelo This result is quite similar to the one resulting from the comparison of 1957-1958 data in Progress Report No, 4. We can probably say that all three years were typical of the wind-direction frequencies at the plant site. However, there are certain seasonal variations which are to be expected due to the differences in weather regimes that predominate for a particular season and year. The wind directions at the plant site have been grouped according to the centers of population in the area and comparisons within these groupings follow: W, WW, W,9 NWN, and NNE (Combined).o-The frequency distribution of occurrence of winds within this combined category is listed in Table XXXI-A for the seasons of 1959, the 1959 annual, and the three-year summary for 1957-1959 period at the plant site, Detroit City Airport9 and Toledo Express Airport0 The five-year seasonal and annual summaries for 1950 through 1954 for the Toledo Municipal Airport have also been included for continuity with past reportso Once again chi-square tests were applied to the seasonal occurrences for 1959 and 1958 at the plant site to see if any seasonal differences are present in this particular combined wind direction categoryo The question to be answered is whether the 1959 data came from the same population as the 1958 data. Since only the four seasonal distributions were being compared, the computed values of chi-square with 3 degrees of freedom were usedo The value of chi-square calculated was 30437, which is below the lo level in Tarble 12 so that the question must be answered affirmativelyo The 1958 and 1959 data within this combined category are from the same population. ENE Monroe. -Table XXXII-A presents the seasonal distribution of ENE winds for 1959, These data were compared with the 1958 ENE data (Table XXXII-A in Progress Report 2515-4-P) in the same manner as was the previous wind category. The value of chi-square calculated was 3.315, which is below the 1o limito Therefore we can say that the 1958 data are quite similar to the 1959 data for this wind direction. E, ESE, SE, SEE, and S (Combined). —Table XXXIII-A contains the 1959 seasonal summaries for this combined wind category, These data were compared with the 1958 seasonal summaries for this wind category listed in Table XXXIIIA in Progress Report 2515-4-Po The chi-square value computed was 2.467. It can therefore be said that the 1958 and 1959 data for this wind direction category are in very close agreement. SSW - Detroit River Communi.ties. -Table XOXIV-A in this report and Table XXXIV-A in the last report were compared and the chi-square value found was 2~899. The SSW data for both 1958 and 1959 are therefore quite similaro 4

SW and WSW - Ontario Shores.-Table XXXV-A in the report and in the fourth progress report list the combined SW and WSW wind category for 1959 and 1958, respectively. The chi-square value, with three degrees of freedom, was 5.465 which although relatively high, is well below the 1% level. This relatively high value of chi-square was primarily due to the large difference in percent occurrence of SW and WSW winds during summer, 1958, and summer, 1959. These winds occurred 24.53% of the time in 1958 and 15.240 of the time in 1959. The 1958 summer season was typified by meridional flow, while the 1959 season was typified by zonal flow. It is to be noted that this relationship is quite similar to the one which existed when comparing the 1957 and 1958 combined wind data. The wind direction within this combined category for 1959 is quite similar to that of 1957 (see Table XLVII of Progress Report No. 3). The results of the comparisons outlined above exactly mirror those of the comparison of the 1957 and 1958 wind-direction data made in Progress Report No. 4. 5. WIND SPEED AT THE ENRICO FERMI PLANT SITE Figures 7-A through 12-A present a visual comparison of the mean wind speed for each direction at the plant site as a percentage of the overall mean wind speed for all directions at Toledo and Detroit combined. This section, however, deals with a comparison of mean speeds for each direction at the plant site for 1958 with that of 1959. The above-mentioned figures are included for continuity with previous reports. The directional mean speeds in Tables XXI-A for 1959 were compared with the same data for 1958 listed in Table XXI-A of Progress Report No. 4. The computed chi-square value, with 15 degrees of freedom, is 2.257 which is below the 1% level. The mean wind speed distribution for 1958 is in close agreement with that of 1959. There are seasonal variations but none is striking. The same results were reported in Progress Report No. 4 when the comparison of 1958 and 1957 wind data was made.

II COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE- LAPSE- RATE DATA 1, INTRODUCTION Temperature-lapse-rate measurements at the plant site are taken as the temperature difference between 25 and 100 fto The differences of temperature are considered in three categories: weak lapse, strong lapse, and inversions. The strong-lapse condition is defined as any temperature decrease with height greater than the dry adiabatic lapse rate and is associated with above-average condition of diffusion. The weak-lapse rate is defined as a decrease in temperature with height that is anywhere between zero and dry adiabatic, It is associated with average diffusion conditions. Inversion conditions are those where the temperature increases with height and are characterized by poor diffusion conditions. The temperature-lapse-rate data are tabulated in Appendix B. The percentage frequency of strong lapse, weak lapse, and inversion at the Enrico Fermi plant site are tabulated in Tables I-B, VIII-B, XV-B, XXII-B, XXIX-B^ and XXXIV-B. In past reports the lapse-rate data from the plant site were compared with the lapse-rate data taken at the WJBK-TV tower. Since the temperature differences are recorded up to 800 ft on the WJBK-TV tower, it was felt that these data should still be used for comparison. The lapse-rate data are recorded somewhat differently for the WJBK data from the data from the plant site. For this reason; only the percentage frequency of inversion occurrence between the 20- and 300-ft levels are recorded in Tables II-B, IX-B, XVI-B, XXIII-B, XXX-B, and XXXV-B. Since -the continuous inversion data for 1957 were inadvertently omitted from earlier progress reports, they are included as Appendix D of this report. 2. FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS The frequency of inversions for 1958 (Table XXXIII-B in Progress Report No. 4) was compared with the data for 1959 listed in Tables XXXIII-Bo Using the chi-square techniques with 16 degrees of freedom, a value of 1.114 was calculated. This value is well below the value at the 1% level in Table I. We must again conclude that the 1958 and 1959 data are drawn from the same population. Seasonal comparisons can be made using Tables VII-B, XIV-B, XXI-B, and XXVIII-Bo The seasonal variations of inversions were great due to the presence of different weather patterns. The visual representations of the abovementioned tabular data appear in Figso 1-B through 6-Bo 7

The frequency of occurrence of inversions was greater at the plant site than at the WJBK-TV tower for both 1958 and 1959 except for spring, 1958, and summer, 1959, when there was a greater frequency at the tower. This is to be expected because the plant site has both radiational inversions at night and lake-breeze inversions during the day, due to the proximity of Lake Erie. Only the evening radiational inversions are prevalent at the tower. Both sites are equally affected by the circulation-type inversions, (See Progress Report 2515-3-P for definitions of various inversions.) Theoretically, inversions should be at a maximum during the summer and at a minimum during the winters That is what was observed at the plant site, but at the tower the maximum occurrence was in summer and the minimum in the spring, at least during 1959. The 1958 data follow the theoretical distribution exactly at both the plant site and the WJBK-TV tower. 3. THE DIURNAL VARIATION OF INVERSION The hourly percent frequency of inversions at the plant site and at the tower are listed in Tables XXXIX-B through XLII-B. The visual representations of these tables are presented in FigSo 7-B through 12-B. By observing the figures, it can be seen that the 1959 data are similar to the 1958 data. The tower data illustrate the typical continental pattern of diurnal variation with a marked maximum at night and marked minimum during the day. The plant site has superimposed on this pattern a secondary maximum during the afternoon due to the lake-breeze inversions. Although the primary maximum at the plant site occurs at night, inversions occur frequently during the day. 4, THE PERSISTENCE OF INVERSIONS The frequency of continuous inversion at the tower and the plant site are listed in Tables III-B, IV-B, X-B, XI-B, XVII-B, XVIII-B, XXIV-B, and XXV-Bo Generally speaking, for both 1958 and 1959 the frequency of continuous inversions during five hours was greater at the WJBK-TV tower than at the plant siteo The plant site, however, has a greater frequency of continuous inversion during a 25-hour period. For the first time since December, 1956, there was continuous inversion over a 25-hour period at the WJBK-TV tower: this was an occurrence of 49 consecutive hours of inversion in the early winter of 1959, It was found that, over this period of time, a strong flow from Lake Erie was present with the probable formation of a long-period circulation-type inversion. The relatively warm air from over the lake was carried by the wind over the cold land surface, producing an inversion of measurable horizontal extentO 8

Since the nocturnal inversion predominates at the WJBK-TV towerinversions of 13 hours duration are quite common. At the plant site either lakebreeze inversions or nocturnal inversions may occur. The inversion patterns are therefore completely different at the two locations. 5. THE ASSOCIATION OF LAPSE RATE WITH WIND SPEED The lower-level wind speeds associated with inversions should, in general, be less than those associated with lapse conditions. The mean wind speeds during inversion and noninversion at the plant site are tabulated in Tables VII-B, XIV-B, XXI-B, XXVIII-B, XXXIII-B, and XXXVIII-B. The average wind generally is greater during noninversion than during inversion for both 1958 and 1959. However, there are seasons in both years winds from the SE, SSE, S, SSW, and SW have a higher average wind speed during inversion than during noninversion periods. A chi-square test was performed on the 1958 annual and 1959 annual mean wind speeds for inversion-period data (see Table XXX:III-B in this report and in Progress Report No. 3). With 15 degrees of freedom, a value of 6.831 for chi-square was computed. This indicates that the mean wind speeds during inversion periods were quite similar for 1958 and 1959. 6. THE ASSOCIATION OF LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION The frequency of lapse-rate categories with wind direction at the plant is presented in Tables V-B, XII-B, XIX-B, XXVI-B, XXXI-B, and XXXVI-B. The seasonal distribution of the lapse-rate-category occurrence with wind direction is similar for 1958 and 1959. As indicated previously, the chi-square test indicates that no significant statistical difference exists between the 1958 and 1959 lapse-rate data. All the generalizations made for 1958 and 1959 lapse-rate data hold true for the 1957 data. It can be said that all three years were typical of the long-term lapse-rate picture both at WJBK-TV tower and at the plant site. 9

IIIo COMPARISON OF PRECIPITATION DATA 1. INTRODUCTION Washout and rainout exert a cleansing action on the atmosphere, which can be either beneficial or otherwise, depending on whether the precipitation occurs over a populated or over an uninhabited area, The precipitation data are presented as Appendix Co In Progress Report No, 4, the analyses of precipitation during the various lapse-rate categories were included but these data yielded little or no useful information, For that reason these data will not be included in this reports 2. SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY OF PRECIPITATION Precipitation is found to be one of the most variable of meteorological elements. Precipitation occurrence often varies considerably from year to year. No substantial variation is seen when the 1958 precipitation data, tables I-C, VI-C, XI-C, XVI-C, and XXI-C in Progress Report Noo. 4 are compared with the 1959 precipitation data, presented in Tables I-C, IV-C, VII-C, X-C, and XIII-C. The seasonal distributions of precipitation for the two years are actually quite similar, For both years precipitation was at a maximum during the winter season. In 1958 the minimum occurrence of precipitation was during the spring, while in 1959 it was during the summer season. The summer of 1959 was an extremely dry season with precipitation only 5.6% of the time. The distribution of the occurrence of precipitation during the other seasons was quite similar during the two years of 1958 and. 1959, The 1957 seasonal distributions of precipitation were substantially different from those of 1958 and 1959o The maximum precipitation took place in spring and the minimum was during the summer. In general, 1957 was much drier than 1958 or 1959, The 1958 annual precipitation summary, Table XXI-C in Progress Report No, 4, and the 1959 annual precipitation, Table XIII-C, were compared using the chi-square test with 16 degrees of freedom. The value of chi-square calculated was 4.650 which is below the 1% level. We must again state that no significant difference exists between the two years of precipitation data, although there was a significant differnce between the data of 1957 and. 1958. ia

35. THE ASSOCIATION OF WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION WITH PRECIPITATION The influence of washout by precipitation is related to the wind velocity associated with the periods of precipitation. For this reason an analysis of the precipitation versus wind velocity associated with periods of precipitation has been included in this report as Tables I-C through XVIII-C for the plant site, Toledo Express Airport, and Toledo Municipal Airport for the fiveyear period 1950-1954. The visual representations of these data are presented as Fig. 1-C to 6-C, Precipitation, during both 1958 and 1959, was associated with aboveaverage wind speeds. The breakdown of prevalent wind directions with precipitation by seasons was the same for both years. During the winter, precipitation was most frequently associated with wind.s from the SW to WNW quadrant, which were characterized by pre- and post-cold frontal precipitation. The spring precipitation pattern indicated. the presence of both cold and warm frontal activity, with easterly and. westerly winds predominating during periods of precipitation. During both the summer and fall, precipitation associated with winds from the SW predominated. Such a precipitation pattern indicated that pre-cold frontal precipitation predominated during these seasons. The 1957 data are in close agreement with the general conclusions previously stated for 1958 and 1959. 12

IV. SUMMARY 1. Chi-square tests indicate no significant difference between the 1958 and 1959 wind direction and wind-speed data. 2. The 1958 inversion-frequency data are quite similar to the 1959 inversionfrequency data. 5. In both 1958 and 1959 inversions occurred more frequently at the plant site than at the WJBK-TV tower. 4. At the plant site, the maximum inversion frequency occurred during the summer and the minimum during the winter, but at the WJBK-TV tower, maximum occurrence was in summer and minimum in the spring. 5. The TV tower data illustrate a typical continental pattern of diurnal variation of inversions with a marked maximum at night and marked minimum during the day. The plant site has superimposed on this pattern a secondary maximum during the afternoon due to lake-breeze inversions. 6. Continuous inversions lasting 5 hours or more were more frequent at the WJBK-TV tower than at the plant site. However, shorter duration continuous inversions were more frequent at the plant site due to the presence of lake-breeze inversions. 7. The lower-level wind speeds associated with inversion periods were lighter than those associated with lapse conditions. 8. The 1958 and 1959 precipitation data were found to be from the same populations. 9. The distribution of meteorological parameters in 1958 were similar to those in 1959. 13

APPENDIX A WIND DATA

TABLE I-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Seed hoMen Spee mph Totald Wind. 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and. ~ of OverOver Over o all Mean N 0.2 2.9 1.3 4.2 4.4 94 10.9 88 NNE 0.4 1.7 0.9 0.0 2.6 3.0 66 10.6 86 NE 0.2 1.0 2.7 3.7 3.9 84 14.7 119 ENE 0.2 1.8 0.7 0.1 2.6 2.8 41 12.3 99 E 0.0 1.5 1.0 0.1 2.6 2.6 37 15.7 127 ESE 0.0 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.1 23 12.3 99 SE 0.2 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.5 31 10.5 85 SSE 0.2 2.1 0.7 2.8 3.0 65 10.2 82 S 3.9 0.9 4.8 4.8 103 9.9 80 SSW 0.2 5.6 3.8 9.4 9.6 208 12.0 97 SW 0.4 3.7 4.0 0.0 7.7 8.1 174 13.0 105 WSW 0.2 7.6 10.6 0.4 18.6 18.8 405 14.3 115 W 0.5 5.2 6.7 0.1 12.0 12.5 267 13.6 110 WNW 0.2 5.7 4.0 9.7 9.9 213 12.0 97 NW 0.6 4.9 3.2 8.1 8.7 185 11.4 92 NNW 0.7 4.5 1.4 5.9 6.6 142 9.7 78 Calm 0.4 0.4 8 0.0 0 Totals 4.6 53.5 42.9 0.7 97.1 101.7 2146 Average 12.4 100 A-2

TABLE II-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 72 ft) 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Speed, mph TotalMea Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and %.~ of OverOver Over No. mph o, Me N 0.3 2.5 1.4 3.9 4.2 93 11.0 95 NNE 0.1 1.6 0.5 2.1 2.2 47 10.0 86 NE 0.2 2.0 1.6 3.6 3.8 83 12.0 103 ENE 0.3 1.9 1.2 3.1 3.4 74 11.3 97 E 0.4 1.9 0.1 2.0 2.4 52 7.6 65 ESE 0.8 1.5 0.0 1.5 2.3 51 5.9 51 SE 0.8 2.5 0.1 2.6 3.4 74 6.8 59 SSE 0.4 4.4 0.6 5.0 5.4 115 8.6 74 S 0.6 5.2 1.4 6.6 7.2 157 9.5 82 SSW 0.5 5.8 3.3 0.0 9.1 9.6 209 11.3 97 SW 0.7 7.5 9.7 0.1 17.3 18.0 389 13.5 116 WSW 0.5 6.5 8.1 0.2 0.0 14.8 15.3 326 13.8 119 W 0.3 2.5 2.9 0.1 5.5 5.8 125 13.2 114 WNW 0.2 2.7 3.2 5.9 6.1 132 13.3 115 NW 0.5 2.3 2.3 4.6 5.1 11 10 12.0 NNW 0.5 2.2 1.9 4.1 4.6 99 11.6 100 Calm 1.1 1.1 4 0.0 0 Totals 8.2 53.0 38.3 0.4 0.0 91.7 99.9 2160 Average 11.6 100 A-5

TABLE III-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and | No. mh of OverOver Over O mph all Mean N 1.1 5.5 4.1 9.6 10.7 233 11.3 86 NNE 0.2 2.3 1.4 3.7 3.9 86 11.3 86 NE 0.0 1.9 0.8 2.7 2.7 60 11.0 83 ENE 0.0 1.6 0.5 2.1 2.1 45 10.2 77 E 0.5 1.7 0.3 2.0 2.5 54 8.0 61 ESE 0.2 1.2 0.2 1.4 1.6 36 8.7 66 SE 0.5 1.2 0.3 1.5 2.0 41 8.o 61 SSE 0.1 1.4 0.0 1.4 1.5 33 7.9 60 S 0.2 6.7 1.9 8.6 8.8 190 10.1 77 SSW 0.1 2.9 2.4.4 115 12.5 95 SW 0.2 4.6 6.4 0.1 11.1 11.3 245 13.9 120 WSW 0.0 2.4 6.1 0.1 8.6 8.6 188 15.7 119 W 0.3 2.9 9.0 0.4 0.1 12.4 12.7 274 16.2 123 WNW 0.1 2.3 6.7 0.1 9.1 9.2 199 15.7 119 NW 0.7 3.3 7.9 0.0 11.2 11.9 257 14.6 111 NNW O.1 1.8 2.6 4.4 4.5 99 13.8 105 Calm 0.2 0.2 5 0.0 0 Totals 4.5 43.7 50.6 0.7 0.1 95.1 99.6 2160 Average 13.2 100 A-4

TABLE IV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 Decmeber 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) ~Wind,~... Total Observations Biased Record I Unbiased Record Direction N. No.. No. N 233 10.7 174 8.1 NNE 86 3.9 114 5.3 NE 60 2.7 51 2.4 ENE 45 2.1 44 2.0 E 54 2.5 48 2.2 ESE 36 1.6 37 1.7 SE 41 2.0 32 1.5 SSE 33 1.5 45 2.1 S 190 8.8 134 6.2 SSW 115 5.4 179 8.3 SW 245 11.3 200 9.3 WSW 188 8.6 239 11.1 W 274 12.7 238 11.0 WNW 199 9.2 257 11.9 NW 257 11.9 203 9.4 NNW 99 4.5 160 7.4 Calm 5 0.2 5 0.2 Totals 2160 99.6 2160 100.1 A-5

TABLE V-A PELCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Winter Seasons) Speed, mph TotalMean Speed Mean Speed Wind 25 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and of OverOver Over No mph all Mean N 0.3 253 loO 5 4,5.6 395 10.1 78 NNE 0 o1 18 1.6 0,1 3o4 356 385 12 4 96 NE 0,2 ].9 1,8 0 1 3,8 4. 0 432 12.3 95 ENE 0,2 2,1 2.8 0,4 5~3 5,5 591 14.3 111 E 0.3 2.6 1.,4 4o, 4o3 467 10,1 78 ESE 0.2 2,0 Oo6 2.5 2,8 301 91o 71 SE 0.3 2.3 0.7 350 353 352 8,9 69 SSE 0.2 2,2 1.3 3o6 3o8 411 1 1 86 S 0.4 3.2 3.4 0.2 6,8 7o2 777 12,9 100 SSW Oo2 4.8 6.5 0,8 12,1 123, 1330 14,5 112 SW 0.3 5o7 7.1 1.0 13.8 14.l 1524 14 1 109 WSW 0,3 5.4 6.6.o0 12,9 1532 1429 14,0 109 W 0,3 3,6 2,9 0.2 6,8 7.2 774 12.1 94 T4NW Oo1 2.6 305 0.5 6.7 6,8 732 14 3 111 NW 0.2 2,1 2,7 0,2 5o0 5~3 570 15 105 NNW 01l 1Q2 2,2 0.1 2.6 2,7 295 12o5 97 Calm 0.5 ~_ 5 59 0.0 0 Totals 3.9 45.8 45,1 4o7 95,6 100,0 108241 Mean 12.9 100 A-6

N N NW T \ NE NW \t NE 15% Ek mph < L 15% E mph 5. ~ 1 W CVA 0.5 I V — QC 0.2 E~ —-f- I IF W E W E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81ft. Winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) 1950-1954 Winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) 1959 N N NW4 \NE NW <, NE /. \ 4~~/ Ye 15% a mph / X: / > 15% a mph w S TOLED S SE S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) 1959 Winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) 1959 Fig. 1-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 1958-1959. A-7

TABLE VI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and o N. h 0f OverOver Over No. mph all Mean N 0.1 2.6 0.4 3.0 3.1 69 8.9 67 NNE 0.1 2.9 2.2 0.2 5.3 5.4 120 12.9 97 NE 0.1 1.6 5.1 0.4 0.1 7.2 7.3 161 16.5 124 ENE 0.1 2.7 3.0 0.4 6.1 6.2 136 14.2 107 E 0.1 2.7 3.1 0.5 6.3 6.4 141 14.5 109 ESE 0.1 3.7 2.9 0.5 7.1 7.2 158 13.5 101 SE 0.3 3.3 1.3 0.1 4.7 5.0 110 10.5 79 SSE 0.2 3.6 1.9 5.5 5.7 125 11.3 85 S 3.2 1.3 0.1 4.6 4.6 101 11.4 86 SSW 0.1 3.7 4.4 0.1 8.2 8.3 181 13.6 102 SW 0.2 5.2 4.0 0.3 0.4 9.9 10.1 220 13.5 101 WSW 0.2 4.3 3.7 0.5 0.2 8.7 8.9 196 14.0 105 W 3.3 1.8 0.9 0.1 61 6.1 135 14.5 109 WNW 0.1 553 2.0 0.4 5.7 5.8 126 12.8 96 NW 0.1 2.2 2.4 0.1 4.7 4.8 105 13.6 102 NNW 0.1 2.5 1.8 0.2 4.5 4.6 102 12.7 95 Calm 0.1 0.1 2 0.0 0 Totals 2.0 50.8 41.3 4.7 0.8 97.6 99.6 2188 Average 13.3 100 A-8

TABLE VII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Speed mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. ~ of OverOver Over..all Mean N 0.5 2.5 0.6 3.1 3.6 78 8.9 90 NNE 0.6 2.8 1.0 0.0 3.8 4.4 100 9.7 98 NE 0.6 6.5 2.0 8.5 9.1 202 9.8 99 ENE 0.6 6.0 1.9 0.1 8.0 8.6 192 10.1 102 E 0.5 2.9 0.4 3.3 3.8 84 8.1 82 ESE 0.9 1.7 0.1 1.8 2.7 60 6.4 65 SE 0.9 2.3 0.2 2.5 3.4 75 7.0 71 SSE 0.6 3.4 0.8 4.2 4.8 106 9.0 91 S 1.0 5.2 1.4 0.0 6.6 7.6 169 9.1 92 SSW 1.3 6.3 2.9 0.2 0.1 9.5 10.8 239 10.6 107 SW 1.1 7.2 3.1 0.2 0.2 10.7 11.8 261 10.9 110 WSW 0.6 4.9 3.3 0.3 8.3 8.9 201 11.9 120 W 0.0 2.5 1.5 0.2 4.2 4.2 94 12.6 127 WNW 0.3 2.9 2.5 5.4 5.7 124 12.3 124 NW 0.4 2.4 1.1 3.5 3.9 86 10.4 105 NNW 0.5 2.7 0.7 3.4 3.9 86 8.9 90 Calm 2.3 2.3 51 0.0 0 Totals 12.7 62.2 23.5 1.0 0.3 86.8 99.5 2208 Average 9.9 100 A-9

TABLE VIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32- Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. h of OverOver Over mp all Mean N o.6 4.6 2.5 0.1 7.2 7.8 174 11.2 93 NNE 0.2 3.7 2.6 0.1 6.4 6.6 147 12.1 100 NE 0.7 4.1 1.7 5.8 6.5 142 10.0 83 ENE 4.1 1.5 5.6 5.6 123 10.8 89 E 0.7 4.3 1.1 5.4 6.1 133 9.2 76 ESE 0.4 4.1 1.4 5.5 5.9 129 10.0 83 SE 0.3 4.3 0.8 5.1 5.4 119 9.2 76 SSE 0.1 2.6 0.4 3.0 3.1 68 9.2 76 S 0.4 7.3 2.4 9.7 10.1 222 10.3 85 SSW 3.7 1.9 5.6 5.6 124 11.6 96 SW 0.0 3.4 4.7 0.6 0.1 8.8 8.8 196 15.3 126 WSW 2.3 2.9 0.3 0.1 5.6 5.6 122 14.9 123 W 0,0 2.7 2.5 0.7 0.1 6.0 6.0 135 15.0 24 WNW 0.0 1.6 3.3 0.2 0.1 5.2 5.2 117 16.0 132 NW 0.0 2.8 4.3 0.5 0.0 7.6 7.6 170 15.2 126 NNW 0.1 1.5 1.4 2.9 3.0 68 12.5 103 Calm 0.9 0.9 19 0.0 0 Totals 4.4 58,1 36.4 2.5 0.4 95.4 99.8 2208 Average 12.1 100 A-10

TABLE IX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Total Observations D -Windr L Biased Record. Unbiased Record Direction INo. g No. N 174 7.8 145 6.6 NNE 147 6.6 171 7.7 NE 142 6.5 136 6.2 ENE 123 5.6 125 5.7 E 133 6.1 131 5.9 ESE 129 5.9 134 6.1 SE 119 5.4 102 4.6 SSE 68 3.1 94 4.3 S 222 10.1 166 7.5 SSW 124 5.6 190 8.6 SW 196 8.8 164 7.4 WSW 122 5.6 141 6.4 W 135 6.0 118 5.3 WNW 117 5.2 142 6.4 NW 170 7.6 135 6.1 NNW 68 3.0 95 4.3 Calm 19 0.9 19 0.9 Totals 2208 99.8 2208 100.0 A-11

TABLE X-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Spring Seasons) Speed, mph Total M Wind 25 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and g N h % of OverOver Over No mph all Mean N 03. 2.9 1.0 3.9 4.2 468 9.1 72 NIE 0.1 1.9 1.2.1 3.2 3551 11.1 87 NE 0.2 350 2.7 5.8 6,0 667 11.8 93 ENE 0.2 4.1 6,5 0.7 11.2 11,4 1258 14.6 115 E 0o4 3.8 3.0 0.1 6.9 7.3 811 11.4 90 ESE 0,2 2.2 0.7 300 352 350 9.4 74 SE 0, 3 2 3 0,5 2.7 3.0 332 8.4 66 SSE 0,2 1.8 0,9 0.1 2.7 2.9 523 11.0 87 S 0.5 2.9 1.8 0.2 4 9 5. 582 11.7 92 SSW 0.2 5.1 3.5 0 4 7.0 7-2 796 13.7 108 SW 0o4 4-.8 4L4 0.7 9.8 10.2 1127 13.3 105 WSW 0.3 4.2 5.4 0.9 10o4 10o8 1189 14c3 113 W 0.2 3.6 3.7 0.4 7.7 8.0 881 13.4 106 WNW 03. 2.4 4.7 0.4 7.6 7.8 865 14.9 117 NW 0.1 2.2 351 0,3 5,6 5.8 636 14.0 110 NNW 0.2 1.7 0.8 0.1 2.6 2,8 507 106 83 Calm 0o9 9 9 97 0.0 0 Totals 5.9 46.9 4359 4 3 95 2 o000 10 ll0o4 Mean 12.7 100 A-12

N N NW NE NW~ ir NE ~//0^ - a \p 5 1 m 15% a mph / I mph I0 I0 W r'"1!" 1 0.9 — E W 0 — E W E W E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81ft. Spring (Mar., Apr., May.) 1950-1954 Spring (Mar., Apr., May.) 1959 N N NW NE NW NE 15/ \ mph 15%15~a mph I0 10 W 23E W a —- E sw E SW SE S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102ft. Spring (Mar.,Apr., May) 1959 Spring (Mar., Apr., May) 1959 Fig. 2-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1959 A-13

TABLE XI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Speed, mph TotalMean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. om OverOver Over N mph a Mea N 0.4 4.5 0.2 4.7 5.1 81 7.9 76 NNE 0.3 3.1 0.8 3.9 4.2 68 9.5 91 NE 0.2 2.5 2.1 4.6 4.8 78 12.3 118 ENE 0.1 2.5 1.9 0.1 4.5 4.6 74 12.9 124 E 0.1 2.2 1.2 3.4 3.5 56 11.4 110 ESE 2.3 1.8 4.1 4.1 66 12.6 121 SE 5.2 3.2 8.4 8.4 136 12.0 115 SSE 0.1 5.8 2.0 7.8 7.9 127 10.5 101 S 5.0 0.4 5.4 5.4 87 8.7 84 SSW 6.3 1.9 8.2 8.2 133 10.4 100 SW 0.1 6.4 2.4 8.8 8.9 144 10.8 104 WSW 0.1 5.0 1.2 6.2 6.3 101 9.8 94 W 0.1 5.3 0.4 5.7 5. 94 8.5 82 WNW 5.7 1.9 7.6 7.6 123 10.6 102 NW 6.6 1.1 7.7 7.7 125 9.5 91 NNW 0.4 5.2 1.7 6.9 7.3 119 10.1 97 Calm Totals 1.9 73.6 24.2 0.1 97.9 99.8 1612 Average 10.4 100 A-14

TABLE XII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 72 ft) 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Speed, mph TotalMean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and of OverOver Over mph all Mean N 1.1 3.9 0.7 4.6 5.7 128 8.1 114 NNE 0.7 3.7 0.3 4.0 4.7 102 7.7 108 NE 1.0 2.6 0.2 2.8 3.8 83 6.8 95 ENE 1.4 3.1 0.3 3.4 4.8 108 6.8 95 E 0.9 1.9 0.0 1.9 2.8 62 6.2 87 ESE 1.4 3.0 3.0 4.4 98 5.9 83 SE 1.8 1.9 0.0.9 9 3.7 84 5.0 78 SSE 1.6 2.7 0.1 2.8 4.4 96 5.8 82 S 1.2 5.2 0.1 5.3 6.5 145 7.0 99 SSW 1.4 6.9 0.4 7.3 8.7 191 7.4 104 SW 2.8 10.4 1.2 11.6 14.4 318 7.6 107 WSw 1.7 8.0 0.8 8.8 10.5 233 7.8 110 W 1.2 3.6 0.3 3.9 5.1 111 7.0 99 WNW 0.7 3.7 1.2 4.9 5.6 123 13.0 183 NW 0.8 4.2 0.5 4.7 5.5 123 8.1 114 NNW 0.9 3.4 0.8 4.2 5.1 112 8.5 120 Calm 4.1 4.1 91 0.0 0 Totals 24.7 68.2 6.9 75.1 99.8 2208 Average 7.1 100 A-15

TABLE XIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and % No. ~m of OverOver Over all Mean N 1.0 8.7 1.7 10.4 11.4 252 9.0 97 NNE 0.6 4.3 0.6 4.9 5.5 123 8.4 90 NE 0.9 3.1 0.4 3.5 4.4 98 7.6 82 ENE 0.1 3.2 0.3 3.5 3.6 79 8.6 92 E 0.6 3.4 0.1 3.5 4.1 92 7.4 80 ESE 0.0 2.2 0.1 2.3 2.3 52 8.3 89 SE 0.4 4.0 0.1 4.1 4.5 99 7.8 84 SSE 0.3 3.6 0.3 3.9 4.2 92 8.4 90 S 0.9 9.8 1.2 11.0 11.9 264 8.6 92 SSW 0.2 5.8 1.4 7.2 7.4 165 9.8 105 SW 0.5 6.8 3.2 10.0 10.5 232 10.9 117 WSW 0.1 3.4 1.3 4.7 4.8 106 10.7 115 W 0.3 4.3 0.9 5.2 5.5 121 9.3 100 WNW 0.0 4.3 1.6 5.9 5.9 131 10.8 116 NW 0.5 5.5 1.8 7.3 7.8 172 9.9 107 NNW 0.3 3.1 1.8 0.0 4.9 5.2 115 11.4 123 Calm 0.7 0.7 15 0.0 0 Totals 7.4 75.5 17.0 0.0 92.3 99.7 2208 Average 9.3 100 A-16

TABLE XIV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer)....Wind Total Observations Dirciond Biased Record. Unbiased Record Direction | No. No. N 252 11.4 205 9.3 NNE 123 5.5 157 7.1 NE 98 4.4 87 3.9 ENE 79 3.6 80 3.6 E 92 4.1 78 3.5 ESE 52 2.3 58 2.6 SE 99 4.5 76 3.4 SSE 92 4.2 123 5.6 S 264 11.9 210 9.5 SSW 165 7.4 249 11.3 SW 252 10.5 190 8.6 WSW 106 4.8 121 5.5 W 121 5.5 106 4.8 WNW 131 5.9 137 6.2 NW 172 7.8 148 6.7 NNW 115 5.2 168 7.6 Calm 15 0.7 15 0.7 Totals 2208 99.7 2208 99.9 A-17

TABLE XV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Summer Seasons) speed, mph _ TotalMean Speed Wind 25 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and of OverOver Over. No. mph all Mean N 0.7 5.3 o06 3.9 i 6 509 7.8 91 NNE 0.3 2.4 0.8 352 3.5 39 91 9 106 NE 0.6 3.7 1.3 5.0 5.6 619 9.1 106 ENE o06 4.9 2.2 7 1 7,7 849 9.9 115 E 0.7 4.1 o06 4i7 5.4 604 7.7 90 ESE 0,4 2.5 0.1 2.6 3.0 330 6.4 74 SE 0.7 3.3 0o1 3.4 4.1 456 6.0 70 SSE 0.6 2.9 0.3 3.2 3.8 416 6.7 78 S 0.7 5.2 0.7 5.9 6.6 727 7.6 88 SSW 0.7 6.6 2.4 0.1 9.1 9.8 1086 9 7 113 SW 1.1 9.0 3.1 0.1 12.2 1353 1463 9.1 106 WSW 0.7 5.5 2.6 0.1 8.2 8.9 973 9.7 113 W 0o8 4.1 1.4 5.5 6.3 705 8.8 102 WNW 0.5 358 2.1 5.9 6,4 721 10.5 122 NW 0.7 2.9 1. 3 4,2 4. 9 55 9 3 108 NW 0. 5 2.2 0.8 35.0 3.5 394 88 102 Calm. 2 3 2.3 252 0,0 0 Totals 12.6 66.4 20.4 0.5 87 1 99.7 11040 Mean 8.6 100 A-18

N N NW, NE NW I NE /n\ I // 815% mph / A L. 15%& mph W E W 07 E SW SE SW S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Summer (June, July, Aug.) 1950-1954 Summer (June, July,Aug.) 1959 N N NW 1 NE NW \ NE 15% & mph 15% a mph 10 W SE W E S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 tt. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Summer (June, July, Aug.)1959 Summer (June,July,Aug.) 1959 Fig. 3-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds Irom 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1959. A-19

TABLE XVI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Speed, mph |.Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Sed Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and of OverOver Over e aNo. mph all Mean N 0.9 4.6 4.6 5.5 108 6.9 61 NNE 0.3 3.3 0.4 3.7 4.0 78 8.5 75 NE 0.5 2.5 3.2 0.3 6.0 6.5 126 13.6 120 ENE 0.2 2.3 2.2 0.1 4.6 4.8 94 13.0 115 E 0.4 1.8 1.5 3.3 3.7 72 11.5 102 ESE 0.1 1.7 1.0 2.7 2.8 55 11.7 104 SE 0.1 2.1 2.1 4.2 4.3 84 13.2 117 SSE 0.1 2.0 1.2 3.2 3.3 65 11.5 102 S 0.2 3.1 1.5 4.6 4.8 94 11.1 98 SSW 0.4 6.0 4.5 0.1 10.6 11.0 216 12.3 109 SW 0.2 7.4 3.9 11.3 11.5 228 11.5 102 WSW 0.3 6.7 4.0 0.2 10.9 11.2 220 11.9 105 W 0.5 3.8 4.1 0.1 8.0 8.5 167 1.0 115 WNW 0.5 4.9 1.6 0.3 6.8 7.3 141 20.6 94 NW 0.5 4.6 1.6 6.2 6.7 132 10.1 89 NNW 0.6 3.8 0.6 4.4 5.0 97 8.5 75 Calm Totals 5.8 60.6 33.4 1.1 95.1 100.9 1977 Average 11. 100 A-20

TABLE XVII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 72 ft) 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Speed mph TotalMen Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. m of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.7 5.2 0.1 5.5 4.0 88 7.1 82 NNE 0.7 3.8 0.2 4.0 4.7 103 7.5 86 NE 1.0 5.3 0.4 5.7 6.7 145 7.6 87 ENE o.8 2.8 0.8 3.6 4.4 98 8.7 100 E 0.5 2.0 0.1 2.1 2.6 58 7.0 80 ESE 0.7 1.9 1.9 2.6 57 6.3 72 SE 0.9 1.8 0.1 1.9 2.8 63 6.4 74 SSE 1.0 3.4 0.3 3.7 4.7 103 7.3 84 s 1.1 6.6 0.8 7.4 8.5 188 8.1 93 SSW 0.8 6.9 1.7 8.6 9.4 205 9.4 108 SW 2.0 7.7 2.2 9.9 11.9 259 8.9 102 WSW 1.0 7.2 4.7 11.9 12.9 282 11.4 131 W 0.6 3.5 2.2 5.7 6.3 138 11.1 128 WNW 0.3 3.5 1.8 0.1 5.4 5.7 125 11.2 128 NW 0.7 3.0 0.7 3.7 4.4 98 8.7 100 NNW 0.5 2.7 1.0 3.7 4.2 93 9.7 111 Calm 3.7 3.7 81 0.0 0 Totals 17.0 65.3 17.1 0.1 82.5 99.5 2184 Average 8.7 100 A-21

TABLE XVIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall). Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and | 9 N~ of OverOver Over all Mean N 1.3 8.1 2.0 10.1 11.4 248 9.1 85 NNE 0.6 3.9 1.1 5.0 5.6 124 9.4 88 NE 0.7 2.6 0.5 3.1 3.8 82 8.1 76 ENE 0.2 2.8 0.4 3.2 3.4 74 8.8 82 E 0.7 3.0 0.1 3.1 3.8 84 7.0 65 ESE 0.2 1.8 0.3 2.1 2.3 50 8.7 81 SE 0.2 3.5 0.2 3.7 3.9 86 8.1 76 SSE 5.1 0.2 3.3 3.3 72 8.6 80 S 0.2 8.2 2.0 10.2 10.4 227 9.9 93 SSW 0.1 5.6 3.0 8.6 8.7 191 11.5 107 SW 0.2 4.6 4.0 8.6 8.8 193 12.7 119 WSW 0.0 3.0 2.9 5.9 5.9 130 13.0 121 W 0.4 4.3 3.9 0.2 8.4 8.8 190 12.8 120 WNW 0.1 3.7 3.8 0.2 7.7 7.8 171 13.5 126 NW 0.6 3.9 2.7 0.1 6.7 7.3 159 11.6 108 NNW 0.1 2.2 1.9 4.1 4.2 90 12.6 118 Calm o.6 0.6 13 0.0 0 Totals 6.2 64.3 29.0 0.5 93.8 100.0 2184 Average 10.7 100 A-22

TABLE XIX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Wind l Total Observations D cn Biased Record f Unbiased Record DirectionNo. No. N 248 11.4 198 9.1 NNE 124 5.6 161 7.4 NE 82 3.8 75 3.4 ENE 74 3.4 72 3.3 E 84 3.8 74 3.4 ESE 50 2.3 56 2.6 SE 86 3.9 68 3.0 SSE 72 3.3 91 4.2 S 227 10.4 191 8.7 SSW 191 8.7 242 11.1 SW 193 8.8 173 7.9 WSW 130 5.9 145 6.6 W 190 8.8 173 7.9 WNW 171 7.8 188 8.6 NW 159 7.3 136 6.2 NNW 90 4.2 130 6.0 Calm 13 o.6 13 0.6 Totals 2184 100.0 2184 100.0 A-23

TABLE XX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Fall Seasons) "S eed, mph Total....... P..... Mean Speed Wind 25 Total Observationsan ed Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and of OverOver Over NO mph all Mean N 0o6 300 0.9 3.9 4o5 493 8.7 85 NNE 0.2 17 lo.3 30 3o2 347 11 3 110 NE 0,4 2o4 1.5 3 9 4 3 478 10o4 100 ENE 0o4 2.1 1.2 3 3 37 403 10o0 97 E 0,6 2.6 0.5 3.1 307 405 7.5 73 ESE 0.2 1.6 0.1 1.7 1.9 221 7.1 69 SE 0.6 2.5 0 1 2-6 3 3 355 6 3 61 SSE 0.5 2,5 0.5 0ol 3.1 356 395 8.6 84 S 0.7 5.8 2,0 0.1 7 9 8.6 940 9.8 95 SSW 0.6 7o9 5o4 0 2 13 5 4l1 1556 11,4 111 SW 0.9 9o4 5.2 0.6 15.2 16o1 1745 11.3 110 WSW 0.8 505 307 0.3 9o5 10 3 1122 11.2 109 W 0.5 3.6 1.6 0.1 5.3 5.8 630 10.0 97 WNW 0.3 352 2.8 Ool 6.1 6.4 703 12.1 118 NrW o06 2,3 2.6 o.1 500 55 606 12o1 118 NNW 0.2 1.7 1.3 350 532 362 11.2 109 Calm 1.5 __ 1.5 159 00 0 Totals 9,6 57.8 30.7 1.6 90.1ol 99o7 10920 Mean 10,53 100 A-24

N N NW<\ \ NE NW; NE ~/ a/ v | /X 15% a mph / lL 15% a mph W.5 E W0.6 E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Fall (Sept., Oct., Nov.) 1950-1954 Fall (Sept., Oct., Nov.) 1959 N N NW NE NW \ NE / /^ \_ t_/L 15' a mph / Ax \,[t / / 15% a mph W 3.7 E wM<< A E Sw _W SWrE S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Fall (Sept., Oct., Nov.) 1959 Fall (Sept, Oct., Nov.) 1959 Fig. 4-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi site, Fall, 1959. A-25

TABLE XXI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and of OverOver Over all Mean N 0.4 3.6 0.5 4.1 4.5 352 8.6 72 NNE 0.3 2.7 1.1 0.1 3.9 4.2 332 10.7 89 NE 0.3 1.9 3.4 0.2 0.0 5.5 5.8 449 14.6 122 ENE 0.2 2.1 2.0 0.2 4.3 4.5 345 13.3 111 E 0.2 1.8 1.7 0.2 3.7 3.9 306 13.4 112 ESE 0.1 2.1 1.5 0.1 3.7 3.8 302 12.9 107 SE 0.2 2.7 1.7 0.0 4.4 4.6 361 11.7 97 SSE 0.2 3.2 1.4 4.6 4.8 382 10.9 91 S 0.0 5.7 1.0 0.0 4.7 4.7 385 10.3 86 SSW 0.2 5.5 5.8 0.0 9.1 9.5 758 12.2 102 SW 0.2 5.6 3.7 0.1 0.1 9.5 9.7 766 12.3 102 WSW 0.2 5.9 5.1 0.3 0.1 11.4 11.6 922 13.1 109 W 0.3 4.4 3.4 0.3 0.0 8.1 8.4 663 12.9 107 WNW 0.2 4.8 2.4 0.2 7.4 7.6 603 11.6 97 NW 0.3 4.4 2.2 0.0 6.6 6.9 547 11.1 92 NNW 0.4 3.9 1.4 0.1 5.4 5.8 460 10.2 85 Calm 0.1 0.1 10 0.0 0 Totals 3.8 58.1 36.3 1.8 0.2 96.4 100.2 7923 Average 12.0 100 A-26

TABLE XXII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 72 ft) 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and of OverOver Over * No. mph all Mean N 0.7 3.0 0.7 3.7 4.4 387 8.7 94 NNE 0.5 3.0 0.5 0.0 3.5 4.0 352 8.5 91 NE 0.7 4.1 1.0 5.1 5.8 513 9.1 98 ENE 0.8 3.5 1.1 0.0 4.6 5.4 372 9.2 99 E o.6 2.2 0.2 2.4 3.0 256 7.3 78 ESE 1.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 3.0 266 6.1 66 SE 1.1 2.1 0.1 2.2 3.3 296 6.3 68 SSE 0.9 3.4 0.4 3.8 4.7 420 7.8 84 S 1.0 5.6 0.9 0.0 6.5 7.5 659 8.5 91 SSW 1.0 6.5 2.1 0.1 8.7 9.7 844 9.8 105 SW 1.7 8.2 4.0 0.1 0.0 12.3 14.0 1227 10.4 112 WSW 1.0 6.6 4.2 0.1 0.0 10.9 11.9 1042 11.4 123 W 0.5 3.0 1.7 0.1 0.0 4.8 5.3 468 11.0 118 WNW 0.4 3.2 2.2 0.0 5.4 5.8 504 11.6 125 NW 0.6 3.0 1.2 4.2 4.8 417 9.7 104 NNW 0.6 2.7 1.1 3.8 4.4 390 9.7 104 Calm 2.8 2.8 247 0.0 0 Totals 15.9 62.1 21.4 0.4 0.0 83.9 98.9 8760 Average 9.3 100

TABLE XXIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Speed mph TotalMea Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and of Overover Over No. mph al Mean N 1.0 6.7 2.6 0.0 9.5 10.3 907 10.0 88 NNE 0.4 5.6 1.4 0.0 5.0 5.4 480 10.3 91 NE 0.6 2.9 0.8 3.7 4.3 382 9.2 81 ENE 0.1 2.9 0.7 3.6 5.7 321 9.7 86 E o.6 5.1 0.4 3.5 4.1 363 8.1 72 ESE 0.2 2.4 0.5 2.9 5.1 267 9.3 82 SE 0.3 3.2 0.4 3.6 5.9 345 8.4 74 SSE 0.1 2.7 0.2 2.9 3.0 265 8.6 76 S 0.4 8.0 1.9 9.9 10.3 903 9.7 86 SSW 0.1 4.5 2.2 6.7 6.8 595 11.3 100 SW 0.2 4.9 4.6 0.2 0.0 9.7 9.9 866 13.1 116 WSW 0.0 2.8 3.3 0.1 0.0 6.2 6.2 546 13.9 125 W 0.2 3.5 4.0 0.3 0.1 7.9 8.1 720 14.0 124 WNW 0.1 3.0 3.8 0.1 0.0 6.9 7.0 618 14.1 125 NW 0.5 3.9 4.2 0.1 0.0 8.2 8.7 758 13.1 116 NNW 0.2 2.2 1.9 0.0 4.1 4.3 372 12.6 112 Calm o..6.6 52 0.0 0 Totals 5.6 60.3 32.9 o.8 0.1 94.1 99.7 8760 Average 11.3 100 A-28

TALBE XXIV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Total Observations Dirtion Biased Record Unbiased Record Dire ct ion No. % No. o N 907 10.5 723 8.2 NNE 480 5.4 612 7.0 NE 582 4.5 545 5.9 ENE 321 3.7 317 3.6 E 363 4.1 329 3.8 ESE 267 5.1 286 5.5 SE 345 3.9 274 3.1 SSE 265 5.0 552 4.0 S 903 10.3 697 8.0 SSW 595 6.8 862 9.8 SW 866 9.9 730 8.3 WSW 546 6.2 647 7.4 W 720 8.1 655 7.2 WNW 618 7.0 726 8.3 NW 758 8.7 623 7.1 NNW 572 4.3 550 6.3 Calm 52 0.6 52 0.6 Totals 8760 99.7 8760 99.9 A-29

TABLE XXV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (5-Year Summary) Speed mph Total Mean Speed Wind 25 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and. of OverOver Over No. mph all Mean N 0.5 2.9 0.9 3.8 4.3 1865 8.8 79 NNE 0.2 2.0 1.2 3.2 3.4 1474 10.9 98 NE 0o.4 2.8 1.8 4.6 5.0 2196 10.8 97 ENE 0.3 3.3 3.2 0.2 6.7 7.0 3101 12.6 113 E 0.5 3.3 1.4 4.7 5.2 2287 9.5 86 ESE 0.3 2.1 0.4 2.5 2.8 1202 8.1 73 SE 0.5 2.6 0.3 2.9 3.4 1495 7.3 66 SSE 0.3 2.4 0.7 0.1 3.2 3.5 1545 9.2 83 S 0.5 4.2 2.0 0.1 6.3 6.8 3026 10.4 94 SSW 0.4 5.6 4.5 0.4 10.5 10.9 4768 12.3 111 SW 0.7 7.2 4.9 0.5 12.6 13.3 5859 11.9 107 WSW 0.5 5.1 4.6 0.5 10.2 10.7 4713 12.5 113 W 0.5 3.7 2.4 0.2 6.3 6.8 2990 11.3 102 WNW 0.3 3.0 3.3 0.2 6.5 6.8 3021 13.1 118 NW 0.4 2.4 2.4 0.1 4.9 5.3 2357 12.3 111 NNW 0.3 1.7 1.1 2.8 3.1 1358 10.6 95 Calm 1.3 1.3 567 0.0 0 Totals 7.9 54.3 35.1 2.3 91.7 99.6 43824 Mean 11.1 100 A-30

N N NW\ NE NW NE V/ ^< V' 15 % a mph / / \15 % & mph 10. /10 5 W 1 E W 0.6 E SW SIN E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Five Year Summary 1950-1954 Annual Summary 1959 N N NW NE NW NE? 2> _lIr^.' 15% & mph 15% mph 10 /,._ 5 SW E W SE S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Annual Summary 1959 Annual Summary 1959 Fig. 5-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi Site, Annual Summary, 1958-1959. A-31

TABLE XXVI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Enrico Fermi Site (Aerovane at height of 102 ft) 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Speed mph TotalMean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and No. mh f OerOver Over N. all e N 0.2 2.9 0.8 0.1 3.8 4.0 1015 10.1 81 NNE 0.2 2.4 1.4 0.1 3.9 4.1 1023 12.6 102 NE 0.2 1.6 3.6 0.2 0.0 5.4 5.6 1423 15.3 123 ENE 0.2 2.0 2.7 0.2 0.0 4.9 5.1 1271 14.2 115 E 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.2 0.1 4.1 4.3 1077 14.3 115 ESE 0.1 2.4 1.7 0.1 0.0 4.2 4.3 1070 12.4 100 SE 0.1 2.4 1.5 0.1 4.0 4.1 1033 12.0 97 SSE 0.1 3.3 1.3 0.0 4.6 4.7 1204 10.8 87 S 0.1 3.6 1.3 0.0 4.9 5.0 1264 10.7 86 SSW 0.2 4.6 3.2 0.1 0.0 7.9 8.1 2043 12.3 99 SW 0.2 4.8 4.5 0.1 0.0 9.4 9.6 2429 13.0 105 WSW 0.2 5.6 5.1 0.4 0.1 11.2 11.4 2851 13.4 108 W 0.2 4.7 3.5 0.2 0.0 8.4 8.6 2175 12.7 102 WNW 0.2 4.5 3.2 0.1 0.0 7.8 8.0 2013 12.3 99 NW 0.2 3.9 2.5 0.1 6.5 6.7 1690 11.9 96 NNW 0.2 3.9 1.6 0.1 5.6 5.8 1471 10.9 88 Calm 0.3 0.5 83 0.0 0 Totals 3.1 54.5 39.8 2.1 0.2 96.6 99.7 25155 Average 12.4 100 A-32

TABLE XXVII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Express Airport (Wind instruments at height of 72 ft) 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Speed, mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and. No. ofm OverOver Over a. l MeN.n N 0.5 4.1 1.1 0.0 5.2 5.7 1498 9.6 91 NNE 0.4 3.1 0.8 0.0 3.9 4.3 1149 9.5 90 NE 0.5 3.8 1.1 4.9 5.4 1400 9.5 90 ENE 0.5 3.2 1.6 0.0 4.8 5.3 1395 10.6 101 E 0.4 3.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.8 1267 10.5 100 ESE 0.5 2.5 0.3 2.8 3.3 874 8.0 76 SE 0.6 2.2 0.2 2.4 3.0 792 7.4 70 SSE 0.5 2.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.0 1048 8.9 85 S 0.5 4.8 1.4 0.0 6.2 6.7 1756 9.6 91 SSW 0.5 4.5 2.3 0.1 0.0 6.9 7.4 1935 11.0 105 SW 0.7 6.1 5.0 0.1 0.0 11.2 11.9 3130 12.3 117 WSW 0.5 6.5 5.2 0.2 0.0 11.9 12.4 3275 12.7 121 W 0.3 4.3 2.4 0.1 0.0 6.8 7.1 1875 11.6 110 WNW 0.3 4.0 2.2 0.0 6.2 6.5 1691 11.4 109 NW 0.4 4.0 1.4 0.0 5.4 5.8 1522 10.0 95 NNW 0.4 3.3 1.2 4.5 4.9 1277 10.0 95 Calm 1.5 1.5 396 0.0 0 Totals 9.0 62.4 28.1 0.5 0.0 91.0 100.0 26280 Average 10.5 100 A-335

TABLE XXVIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Detroit City Airport (Wind instruments at height of 81 ft) 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Speed mph Total Mean Speed Wind 32 Total Observations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 25-31 and 4 and. of OverOver Over | No. mph all Mean N 1.0 6.5 2.9 0.0 0.0 9.4 10.4 2744 10.3 88 NNE 0.4 3.4 1.2 0.0 4.6 5.0 1312 10.2 87 NE 0.6 2.9 1.1 4.0 4.6 1209 9.8 84 ENE 0.2 2.7 1.0 3.7 3.9 1001 10.4 89 E 0.7 3.7 0.9 0.0 4.6 5.3 1391 8.9 76 ESE 0.2 2.2 0.5 2.7 2.9 761 9.3 79 SE 0.4 3.3 0.5 3.8 4.2 1111 8.7 74 SSE 0.1 2.4 0.4 0.0 2.8 2.9 776 9.2 79 S 0.4 7.0 1.9 0.0 8.9 9.3 2442 9.9 85 SSW 0.1 3.1 2.2 0.0 5.3 5.4 1414 12.3 105 SW 0.2 4.2 5.3 0.2 0.0 9.7 9.9 2624 14.1 121 WSW 0.1 2.4 3.2 0.1 0.0 5.7 5.8 1526 14.2 121 W 0.4 4.1 4.3 0.3 0.1 8.8 9.2 2398 13.6 116 WNW 0.1 2.5 4.2 0.3 0.0 7.0 7.1 1887 15.0 128 NW 0.4 3.7 4.2 0.2 0.0 8.1 8.5 2244 13.3 114 NNW 0.2 2.0 2.3 0.0 4.3 4.5 1195 13.2 113 Calm 0.9 0.9 245 0.0 0 Totals 6.4 56.1 36.1 1.1 0.1 95.4 99.8 26280 Average 11.7 100 A-34

TABLE XXIX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, BIASED AND UNBIASED Detroit City Airport 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Wind _ Total Observations.Wind. Biased Record Unbiased Record Direction | No. No. No..... No.' N 2744 10.4 2156 8.2 NNE 1312 5.0 1716 6.5 NE 1209 4.6 1038 3.9 ENE 1001 3.9 1116 4.2 E 1391 5.3 1175.4.5 ESE 761 2.9 926 3.5 SE 1111 4.2 846 3.2 SSE 776 2.9 1074 4.1 S 2442 9.3 1829 7.0 SSW 1414 5.4 2178 8.5 SW 2624 9.9 2077 7.9 WSW 1526 5.8 1997 7.6 W 2398 9.2 2051 7.8 WNW 1887 7.1 2263 8.6 NW 2244 8.5 1848 7.0 NNW 1195 4.5 1745 6.6 Calm 245 0.9 245 0.9 Totals 26280 99.8 26280 99.8 A-35

TABLE4 XXX-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS GROUPED ACCORDING TO WIND SPEEDS Toledo Municipal Airport (Wind instruments at height of 47 ft) 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (5-Year Summary) Speed mph Totaln Mean Speed Wind 25 Total Obse'rvations Direction 0-3 4-12 13-24 and 4 and N mph of OverOver Over No. mph all Mean N 0.5 2.9 0.9 3.8 4.3 1865 8.8 79 NNE 0.2 2.0 1.2 3.2 3.4 1474 10.9 98 NE 0.4 2.8 1.8 4.6 5.0 2196 10.8 97 ENE 0.3 3.3 3.2 0.2 6.7 7.0 3101 12.6 113 E 0.5 3.3 1.4 4.7 5.2 2287 9.5 86 ESE 0.3 2.1 0.4 2.5 2.8 1202 8.1 73 SE 0.5 2.6 0.3 2.9 3.4 1495 7.3 66 SSE 0.3 2.4 0.7 0.1 3.2 3.5 1545 9.2 83 S 0.5 4.2 2.0 0.1 6.3 6.8 3026 10.4 94 SSW 0.4 5.6 4.5 0.4 10.5 10.9 4768 12.3 111 SW 0.7 7.2 4.9 0.5 12.6 13.3 5859 11.9 107 WSW 0.5 5.1 4.6 0.5 10.2 10.7 4713 12.5 113 W 0.5 3.7 2.4 0.2 6.3 6.8 2990 11.3 102 WNW 0.3 3.0 3.3 0.2 6.5 6.8 3021 13.1 118 NW 0.4 2.4 2.4 0.1 4.9 5.3 2357 12.3 111 NNW 0.3 1.7 1.1 2.8 3.1 1358 10.6 95 Calm 1.3 1.3 567 0.0 Totals 7.9 54.3 35.1 2.3 91.7 99.6 43824 Mean 11.1 100 A-36

N N NW <W NE NW NE 15% 8i mph 1 % Ea mph W 1.3 E W SE S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DETROIT CITY AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO DETROIT, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 47 ft. Wind Instrument at Height of 81 ft. Five year Summary 1950-1954 Three year Summary 1956-1959 N N NW - NEE WW NE 15% a mph / X,/ 15% a mph,. I Vt1 l0 V0 5 I W- E W E S S TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE TOLEDO, OHIO LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Wind Instrument at Height of 72 ft. Aerovane at Height of 102 ft. Three year Summary 1956-1959 Three year Summary 1956-1959 Fig. 6-A. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954; Detroit City Airport, Toledo Express Airport, and Enrico Fermi Site, Three-Year Summary, 19561959. A-37

TABLE XXXI-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1958 - 30 NOVEMBER 1959 (W, WNW, NW, NNW, N, and NNE) Enrico Toledo Detroit City Toledo Municipal Fermi Expre s s Airport Airport Site Airport (approximation) (5-year average) Winter 45.1 29.0 53.1 29.2 Spring 29.8 25.7 36.4 31.8 Summer 37.6 31.7 41.7 29.2 Fall 37.0 29.3 45.2 28.6 Annual 37.4 28.7 44.1 29.7 3-Year Summary 37.2 34.3 44.7 A-38

TABLE XXXII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1958 - 30 NOVEMBER 1959 (ENE) Enrico Toledo Detroit City Toledo Municipal Fermi Expre s s Airport Airport Site Airport (approximation) (5-year average) Winter 2.8 3.4 2.0 5.3 Spring 6.2 8.6 5.7 11.4 Summer 4.6 4.8 3.6 7.1 Fall 4.8 4.4 3.3 3.7 Annual 4.5 5.4 3.6 7.0 3-Year Summary 5.1 5.3 4.2 A-39

TABLE XXXIII-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1958 - 30 NOVEMBER 1959 (E, ESE, SE, SSE, and S) Enrico Toledo Detroit City Toledo Municipal Fermi Expre s s Airport Airport Site Airport (approximation) (5-year average) Winter 13.0 20.7 13.7 21.4 Spring 28 9 22.3 28.4 21.7 Summer 29.3 21.8 24.6 22.9 Fall 18.9 21.2 21.9 21.1 Annual 21.8 21.5 22.2 21.7 3-Year Summary 22.4 21.8 22.3 A-40

TABLE XXXIV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1958 - 30 NOVEMBER 1959 (SSW) Enrico Toledo Detroit City Toledo Municipal Fermi Expre s s Airport Airport Site Airport (approximation) (5-year average) Winter 9.6 9.6 8.3 12.1 Spring 8.3 10.8 8.6 7.2 Summer 8.2 8.7 11.3 9.1 Fall 11.0 9.4 11.1 14.1 Annual 9.3 9.7 9.8 10.9 3-Year Summary 8.1 7.4 8.3 A-41

TABLE XXXV-A PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINDS FROM 1 DECEMBER 1958 - 30 NOVEMBER 1959 (SW and WSW) Enrico Toledo Detroit City Toledo Municipal Fermi Express Airport Airport Site Airport (approximation) (5-year average) Winter 26.9 33.3 20.4 26.7 Spring 19.0 20.7 13.8 21.0 Summer 15.2 24.9 14.1 20.4 Fall 22.7 24.8 14.5 26.4 Annual 21.3 25.9 15.7 24.0 3-Year Summary 21.0 24.3 15.5 A-42

_^140._WATER TRAJECTORY AT __ MONROE 130 Lil z 120 o wJ \ I \ __I / a- 110 I w 100 -7z 9 z w 80 70 DETROIT TOLEDO 60 1 — --- --- - --- --- -- -- --- --- --- --- --- MONROE N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Fig. 7-A. Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean winter wind speed, 1958-1959.

_WATER TRAJECTORY AT MONROE 130 - 120 z - Q I w100 z 70 6C --- MONROE 0., DETROIT TOLEDO X0_)(_ MONROE N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Fig. 8-A. Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean spring wind speed, 1959.

0 WATER TRAJECTORY AT 140 MONROE 130 j Z 120 a. I10 0 / / / I / \ \ w 100 Z 90 z 80 70 DETROIT TOLEDO 60 -- — ) —-- MONROE N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Fig. 9-A. Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean summer wind speed, 1959.

WATER TRAJECTORY AT MONROE 130 - 120 W a. 110 w I \ \ \ Z \ 90 z w I00 / i I I I I I I I I I I\ DETROIT TOLEDO 60) ~._ — MONROE N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Fig. 10-A. Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean fall wind speed, 1959.

_ ^140 ~_WATER TRAJECTORY AT __ MONROE 130 - 120 z n I1 w CO z go z 80 X 70 DETROIT TOLEDO 60 — ) -- MONROE N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Fig. 11-Ao Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean annual wind speed, 1958-1959.

_14 0 WATER TRAJECTORY AT MONROE 130 __ -120 LI a 0 I 1 Figo 12-A- Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo mean two-year I speed, 1956-1959 Ld O- 100 a. | — E 8\ DETROIT TOLEDO g6~~~~~~~~~0_~- -X- - MONROE N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Figo 12-A. Mean wind speed at the Enrico Fermi site and Detroit-Toledo combined, for 16 directions, expressed as a percentage of the overall mean two-year wind speed, 1956-1959.

APPENDIX B TEMPERATURE- LAPSE- RATE DATA

TABLE I-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958- 28 February 1959 (Winter) Total hours 2160 Number missing hours 61 Number hourly observations 2099 Percent missing data 2.8 Percent inversions 30.4 Percent strong lapse 26.8 Percent weak lapse 42.8 100.0% TABLE II-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Total hours 2160 Number missing hours 8 Number hourly observations 2152 Percent missing data 0.4% Numbers hours inversion 551 Percent inversions 25.6X B-3

TABLE III-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24.25 and Over Hr Mean Wind Mean Wind H Mean Wind Hr Speed, mph Speed, mph Speed, mph 6 12 14 10 39 8 8 11 14 8 42 7 9 9 14 12 40 11 6 10 15 12 7 20 14 12 7 4 14 11 8 11 13 10 8 5 18 8 9 12 16 16 9 11 14 14 6 12 13 10 8 11 7 3 12 8 9 13 11 7 6 15 11 9 9 11 8 14 12 8 8 10 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 36 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 462 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 12..8 B -4

TABLE IV-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 10 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 11 14 49 6 13 12 15 8 16 12 15 7 20 12 17 6 17 6 14 7 13 9 13 6 8 6 6 8 10 12 8 6 8 7 7 8 7 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 37 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 419 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.3 B~5

TABLE V-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Hourl Ls R s Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly Lapse Rates Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations S W I S W I S W I N 59 23 13 95 10.5 2.6 2.0 2.9 1.1 0.6 NNE 31 19 17 67 5.5 2.1 2.7 1.5 0.9 0.8 NE 50 16 13 79 8.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 0.8 0.6 ENE 16 20 6 42 2.9 2.2 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.3 E 19 8 6 33 3.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 ESE 8 8 5 21 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 SE 2 11 18 31 0.4 1.2 2.8 0.1 0.5 0.9 SSE 7 26 28 61 1.2 2.9 4.4 0.3 1.2 1.3 S 9 48 41 98 1.6 5.4 6.5 0.4 2.3 2.0 SSW 12 95 97 204 2.1 10.7 15.5 0.6 4.6 4.7 SW 13 79 73 165 2.3 8.9 11.5 0.6 3.8 3.5 WSW 78 218 100 396 13.9 24.5 15.7.7 10.5 4.8 W 69 122 71 262 12.3 13.7 11.2 3.3 5.9 3.4 WNW 61 72 70 203 10.9 8.1 11.0 2.9 3.5 3.4 NW 59 73 50 182 10.5 8.2 7.9 2.8 3.5 2.4 NNW 67 48 23 138 12.0 5.4 3.6 3.2 2.3 1.1 Calm 4 4 8 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 Totals 560 890 635 2085 99.8 99.9 99.8 26.7 42. 9 30.5 Code: S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-6

TABLE VI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Daytime Nighttime Wind Mean Mean Occurrences, % MeanOccurrences, Direction No. Wind No. Occurrenc, Wind Total Overall SpeedTotal Overall Speed N 6 2.4 1.9 7.7 7 1.8 1.1 6.9 NNE 6 2.4 0.9 4.0 11 2.8 1.7 6.7 NE 6 2.4 0.9 13.7 7 1.8 1.1 14.4 ENE 1 0.4 0.2 3.0 5 1.3 o.8 4.2 E 2 0.8 0.3 3.5 4 1.0 0.6 4.3 ESE 2 0.8 0.3 4.5 3 0.8 0.5 4.3 SE 6 2.4 0.9 9.8 12 3.1 1.9 10.3 SSE 15 6.1 2.4 9.3 13 3.3 2.0 9.3 S 15 6.1 2.4 10.2 26 6.7 4.1 9.3 SSW 40 16.3 6.3 11.9 57 14.6 9.0 12.1 SW 55 14.2 5.5 11.4 38 9.8 6.0 10.7 WSW 42 17.1 6.6 11.3 58 14.9 9.1 10.6 W 22 8.9 3.5 10.1 49 12.6 7.7 8.4 WNW 23 9.3 3.6 12.0 47 12.1 7.4 10.2 NW 17 6.9 2.7 12.6 33 8.5 5.2 8.2 NNW 7 2.8 1.1 7.6 16 4.1 2.5 6.9 Calm 1 0.4 0.2 0.0 3 0.8 0.5 0.0 Totals 246 99.7 38.7 389 100.0 61.2 Average 10.7 9.6 B-7

TABLE VII-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Wind Invers ion Noninversion Wind | Occurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction |mph | mph N 0.6 7.2 4.0 10.0 NNE 0.8 5.8 2.4 12.5 NE 0.6 14.0 2.2 14.2 ENE 0.3 4.0 1.7 12.7 E 0.3 4.0 1.3 17.2 ESE 0.2 4.4 0.8 12.5 SE 0.9 10.1 0.6 10.8 SSE 1.3 9.3 1.6 10.7 S 2.0 9.7 2.7 10.8 SSW 4.6 12.0 5.1 12.2 SW 3.5 11.1 4.4 14.0 WSW 4.8 10.9 14.2 14.9 W 3.4 8.9 9.2 8.6 WNW 3.4 10.8 6.4 12.7 NW 2.4 9.7 6.3 11.9 NNW 1.1 7.0 5.5 10.2 Calm 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 Totals 30.4 68.6 Average 10.0 12.2 B-8

NONINVERSION INVERSION N N NW / NE NW/, E'/ i% a- -15% a mph 5% 8 mph o i -ss 0 2 E W -tE 0.2 E sw /^- ~^ SE sw SE S S Fig 1-B. Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at the Enrico Fermi site: Winter, 1958-1959.

TABLE VIII-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 1060 Number hourly observations 1148 Percent missing data 48.0 Percent inversions 35.3 Percent strong lapse 32.7 Percent weak lapse 32.1 100.1% B-10

TABLE IX-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE -LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 678 Number hourly observations 1530 Percent missing data 30. 7o Numbers hours inversion 236 Percent inversions 15.4* B-ll

TABLE X-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24. 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind H Mean Wind Mean Wind Speed., mph Hr Mean Wind Speed. mph. Speed, mph Spe, edy mph 6 17.2 17 6.8 27 13.3 6 3.3 17 12.0 10 9.3 14 14.9 6 6.7 17 11.9 10 4.8 18 14.9 12 7.5 21 11.3 7 14.7 6 24.5 6 11.5 6 5.0 9 10.3 12 7.8 12 7.5 6 12.2 7 10.9 9 9.6 6 11.8 6 10.0 10 7.7 7 8.0 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration 27 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 290 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 10.7 B-12

TALBE XI-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 11 15 6 9 12 12 12 7 12 10 12 9 11 9 8 11 7 8 9 7 7 6 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 22 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 208 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 9.5 B-13

TABLE XII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Hourly Lapse Rates Wind Hourly aps Compass Observations Within Total Direction TSI otals.Categories Observations S W I S W I S W I N 25 9 9 41 6.2 2.5 2.3 2.0 0.8 0.8 NNE 37 11 8 56 10.1 3.0 2.0 3.3 1.0 0.7 NE 80 8 10 98 21.7 2.2 2.5 7.1 0.7 0.9 ENE 70 4 1 75 19.0 1.1 0.3 6.2 0.4 0.1 E 37 10 13 60 10.1 2.7 3.3 3.3 0.9 1.1 ESE 19 43 16 78 5.2 11.7 4.0 1.7 3.8 1.4 SE 7 30 11 48 2.0 8.6 2.8 0.6 2.6 1.0 SSE 11 23 42 76 3.0 6.3 10.5 1.0 2.0 3.7 s 3 13 43 59 0.8 3.5 10.8 0.3 1.1 3.8 SSW 7 38 51 96 2.0 10.4 12.8 0.6 3.4 4.5 SW 4 50 72 126 1.1 13.6 18.0 0.4 4.4 6.3 WSW 8 52 52 112 2.2 14.2 13.0 0.7 4.6 4.6 W 8 19 32 59 2.2 5.2 8.0 0.7 1.7 2.8 WNW 13 15 23 51 3.5 4.1 5.8 1.1 1.3 2.0 NW 25 18 7 50 6.8 4.9 1.8 2.2 1.6 0.6 NNW 16 24 7 47 4.3 6.5 1.8 1.4 2.1 0.6 Calm 2 2 0.5 0.2 Totals 368 367 399 1134 100.2 100.5 100.2 32.6 32.4 35.1 Code: S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-14

TABLE XIII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Daytime Nighttime Wind Ocrrences, Occurrences, % Mean Occurrences, Me Direction No. Wind No. Wind. Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 3 1.7 0.8 4.3 6 2.7 1.5 6.3 NNE 1 0.6 0.2 4.0 7 3.1 1.7 9.1 NE 3 1.7 0.8 11.3 7 3.1 1.7 4.3 ENE 1 0.6 0.2 7.0 E 5 2.9 1.3 11.8 8 3.6 2.0 9.0 ESE 11 6.3 2.8 11.8 5 2.2 1.3 12.4 SE 8 4.6 2.0 13.6 3 1.3 0.8 4.7 SSE 37 21.3 9.3 12.4 5 2.2 1.3 6.4 S 22 12.6 5.5 10.9 21 9.3 5.3 11.5 SSW 24 13.8 6.0 13.4 27 12.0 6.8 11.5 SW 26 14.9 6.5 14.0 46 20.4 11.5 9.6 WSW 11 6.3 2.8 11.6 41 18.2 10.3 9.1 W 11 6.3 2.8 12.3 21 9.3 5.3 8.4 WNW 7 4.0 1.7 9.3 16 7.1 4.0 9.0 NW 3 1.7 0.8 15.0 4 1.8 1.0 8.3 NNW 1 0.7 0.2 5.0 6 2.7 1.5 7.0 Calm 2 0.9 0.5 0.0 Totals 174 99.9 43.7 225 99.9 56. 5 Average 12.2 9.2 B-15

TABLE XIV-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Win. Inversion Noninversion Wind | Occurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction mph a mph % mph % mph N 0.8 5.7 2.8 7.9 NNE 0.7 8.5 4.2 11.1 NE 0.9 6.4 7.8 16.8 ENE 0.1 7.0 6.5 14.9 E 1.1 10.1 4.0 15.7 ESE 1.4 12.0 5.5 11.6 SE 1.0 11.2 3.3 9.6 SSE 3.7 11.6 3.0 10.4 s 3.8 11.2 1.4 9.3 SSW 4.5 12.3 4.0 12.2 SW 6.3 11.2 4.8 13.5 WSW 4.6 9.7 5.3 13.6 W 2.8 9.7 2.4 14.0 WNW 2.0 9.1 2.5 10.8 NW 0.6 11.1 3.8 10.7 NNW 0.6 6.7 3.5 8.8 Calm 0.2 0.0 Totals 35.1 64.8 Average 10.5 12.6 B-16

NONINVERSION INVERSION N N NW NE NW E 15% E mph / x, \ / ^ 15%amph 10 \/ /11 W ----— e^ 0.2 "i —--— E W 0 —---- cd 0.2 P —-— * —E sw S ~ SE SW ~ ~ S S Fig. 2-B. Percengage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at the Enrico Fermi site: Spring, 1959.

TABLE XV-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 423 Number hourly observations 1785 Percent missing data 19.2 Percent inversions 37.8 Percent strong lapse 29.6 Percent weak lapse 32.7 100.1% B-18

TABLE XVI-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Total hours 2208 Number missing hours 52 Number hourly observations 2156 Percent missing data 2.4% Numbers hours inversion 645 Percent inversions 29.9% B-19

TABLE XVII-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind Hr Mean Wind Hr Mean Wind Speed, mph Speed., mph Speed, mph 7 9.1 20 9.2 56 9.2 7 4.6 21 9.0 10 10.6 14 12.4 9 4.8 14 8.9 8 6.5 15 9.8 7 9.9 15 8.6 8 9.9 15 msg 11 6.2 15 8.4 11 9.2 14 8.8 8 7.8 10 8.4 7 10.6 12 15.1 10 12.6 6 6.1 6 11.0 11 7.7 9 10.9 12 msg 7 8.0 7 10.4 7 1.7 7 9.1 6 7.1 12 8.4 12 9.9 9 10.7 12 13.1 6 8.0 10 10.1 6 5.3 12 8.1 9 6.0 8 6.4 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 44 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 496 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.5 B-20

TABLE XVIII-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 7 10 15 6 12 17 11 7 21 12 8 14 7 11 17 9 11 17 10 12 15 12 11 13 10 9 13 9 12 16 12 10 13 10 12 9 8 12 10 9 12 7 7 11 10 12 12 7 11 11 11 11 11 11 9 7 11 11 11 7 7 11 10 11 6 11 10 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration 67 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration 735 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.0 B-21

TABLE XIX-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind, Hourly Lapse Rates Wind. Hourly apse Rates Compass Observations Within Total S W I Direction rI Totals. Categories Observations SLW I S W I S W I N 54 28 19 81 7.3 5.2 3.1 2.1 1.7 1.2 NNE 22 28 15 65 4.7 5.2 2.5 1.4 1.7 0.9 NE 44 18 16 78 9.4 3.3 2.6 2.7 1.1 1.0 ENE 56 17 2 75 12.0 3.1 0.3 3.5 1.1 0.1 E 34 17 4 55 7.3 3.1 0.7 2.1 1.1 0.2 ESE 30 24 16 70 6.4 4.5 2.6 1.9 1.5 1.0 SE 44 47 45 136 9.4 8.7 7.4 2.7 2.9 2.8 SSE 18 45 60 123 3.8 8.4 9.9 1.1 2.8 3.7 S 12 18 56 86 2.6 3.3 9.2 0.7 1.1 3.5 SSW 18 49 64 131 3.8 9.1 10.6 1.1 3.0 4.0 SW 6 65 75 146 1.3 12.1 12.3 0.4 4.0 4.7 WSW 12 54 39 105 2.6 10.0 6.4 0.7 3.3 2.4 W 9 26 58 93 1.9 4.8 9.6 0.6 1.6 3.6 WNW 33 38 50 121 7.1 7.1 8.3 2.0 2.4 3.1 NW 42 33 52 127 9.0 6.1 8.6 2.6 2.0 3.2 NNW 54 31 35 120 11.5 5.8 5.8 3.3 1.9 2.2 Calm Totals 468 538 606 1612 100.1 99.8 99.9 28.9 5-3.2 37.6 Code: S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-22

TABLE XX-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Darytime Nighttime Wind Mean W Wind N Occurrences, Mea Occurrences,, Mean Direction No. Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 8 2.8 1.3 6.4 11 3.5 1.8 5.6 NNE 4 1.4 0.7 5.3 11 3.5 1.8 9.0 NE 5 1.7 0.8 9.0 11 3.5 1.8 8.2 ENE 2 0.6 0.3 2.5 E 4 1.4 0.7 8.5 ESE 15 5.2 2.5 10.4 1 0.3 0.2 7.0 SE 43 14.8 7.1 10.5 2 o.6 0.3 8.5 SSE 55 19.0 9.1 10.5 5 1.6 0.8 9.2 S 27 9.3 4.5 8.5 29 9.2 4.8 8.5 SSW 26 9.0 4.3 9.3 38 12.0 6.3 9.7 SW 29 10.0 4.8 11.4 46 14.6 7.6 8.7 WSW 15 5.2 2.5 9.1 24 7.6 4.0 8.5 W 23 7.9 3.8 8.5 35 11.1 5.8 8.4 WNW 18 6.2 3.0 10.0 32 10.1 5.3 10.3 NW 12 4.1 2.0 10.4 40 12.7 6.6 9.8 NNW 6 2.1 1.0 6.3 29 9.2 4.8 7.9 Calm Totals 290 100.1 48.1 316 100.1 52.2 Average 9.7 8.9 B-23

TABLE XXI-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) ~ _Wind _ Inversion Noninversion Direction Occurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, _Directionmph mph N 1.2 5.9 3.8 7.2 NNE 0.9 d.0 3.1 9.4 NE 1.0 8.4 3.8 13.5 ENE 0.1 12.5 4.5 13.4 E 0.2 8.5 3.2 12.1 ESE 1.0 10.2 3.3 11.2 SE 2.8 10.7 5.6 12.4 SSE 3.7 10.4 3.9 11.2 S 3.5 8.5 1.9 10.0 SSW 4.0 9.5 4.2 10.7 SW 4.7 9.7 4.4 11.0 wsw 2.4 8. 4.1 10.5 w 3.6 8.5 2.2 9.5 WNW 3.1 10.2 4.4 10.6 NW 3.2 9.9 4.7 10.0 NNW 2.2 7.6 5.3 10.6 Calm Totals 37.6 62.4 Average 9.3 11.0 B-24

NONINVERSION INVERSION N N NWAN E NW NE 15% mph J 15 % a mph W _ E W E 5W ~ i~- 1 ~ ESW SE S.S Fig. 3-B. Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at the Enrico Fermi site: Summer, 1959.

TABLE XXII-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Total hours 2184 Number missing hours 691 Number hourly observations 1493 Percent missing data 31.6 Percent inversions 30.2 Percent strong lapse 43.2 Percent weak lapse 26.5 99.9% B-26

TABLE XXIII-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Total hours 2184 Number missing hours 422 Number hourly observations 1762 Percent missing data 19.53 Numbers hours inversion 383 Percent inversions 21.7% B-27

TABLE XXIV-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over H^r Mean Wind. Mean Wind Mean Wind H1~ Speed, mpH r Hr Speed, mph Speed, mph Speed, mph 10 msg 16 msg 26 13.2 12 7.2 16 10.8 47 10.4 9 11.1 18 7.0 8 msg 22 7.6 8 3.4 13 6.6 8 6.9 13 msg 6 16.2 13 11.7 6 3.0 15 9.5 10 4.5 17 12.3 11 4.7 14 4.4 6 10.0 14 22.4 9 9.1 16 9.4 8 5.5 17 15.1 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 28 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 588 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 15.9 B-28

TABLE XXV-B FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 8 14 7 14 12 13 11 14 12 13 11 15 7 12 12 9 7 8 10 9 6 8 10 8 7 12 11 7 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 28 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 287 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 10.3 B-29

TABLE XXVI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly aps Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations Dieo S W I |Ttal |S W I S W I N 35 11 32 78 6.2 3.0 7.9 2.6 0.8 2.4 NNE 23 14 21 58 4.0 3.8 5.2 1.7 1.0 1.6 NE 74 11 24 109 13.0 5.0 5.9 5.5 0.8 1.8 ENE 60 10 14 84 10.6 2.8 3.5 4.5 0.7 1.0 E 28 15 11 54 4.9 4.1 2.7 2.1 1.1 0.8 ESE 13 13 7 33 2.3 3.6 1.7 1.0 1.0 0.5 SE 11 18 15 44 1.9 4.9 3.7 0.8 1.3 1.1 SSE 1 11 15 27 0.2 3.0 3.7 0.1 0.8 1.1 S 3 17 34 54 0.5 4.7 8.4 0.2 1.3 2.5 SSW 26 30 58 114 4.6 8.3 14.4 1.9 2.2 4.3 SW 18 58 69 145 3.2 16.0 17.1 1.3 4.3 5.2 WSW 56 47 46 149 9.9 13.0 11.4 4.2 3.5 3.4 W 57 44 12 113 10.0 12.2 3.0 4.3 3.3 0.9 WNW 56 27 10 93 9.9 7.5 2.5 4.2 2.0 0.7 NW 67 26 16 109 11.8 7.2 4.0 5.0 1.9 1.2 NNW 40 10 20 70 7.0 2.8 5.0 3.0 0.7 1.5 Calm Totals 568 362 404 1334 100.0 99.9 100.1 42.4 26.7 30.0 Code: S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-30

TABLE XXVII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Daytime Nighttime Wind n. Occurrences, Mean Occurrences, % Mean Direct ion No. Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 3 2.2 0.7 5.7 29 10.8 7.2 7.1 NNE 3 2.2 0.7 5.7 18 6.7 4.5 6.7 NE 5 3.7 1.2 8.8 19 7.1 4.7 5.9 ENE 5 3.7 1.2 4.0 9 3.3 2.2 6.2 E 6 4.4 1.5 4.5 5 1.9 1.2 9.2 ESE 3 2.2 0.7 11.0 4 1.5 1.0 9.5 SE 8 5.9 2.0 9.5 7 2.6 1.7 14.3 SSE 7 5.2 1.7 9.0 8 3.0 2.0 9.0 S 12 8.8 3.0 10.3 22 8.2 5.4 12.4 SSW 22 16.3 5.4 11.2 36 13.4 8.9 12.4 SW 33 24.4 8.2 13.0 36 13.4 8.9 10.2 WSW 21 15.6 5.2 13.3 25 9.3 6.2 7.4 w 12 4.5 3.0 9.3 WNW 4 3.0 1.0 7.0 6 2.2 1.5 7.2 NW 3 2.2 0.7 12.0 13 4.8 3.2 6.0 NNW 20 7.4 5.0 7.7 Calm Totals 135 99.8 33.2 269 100.1 66;6 Average 10.7 8.9 B-31

TABLE XXVIII-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Wn Inversion Noninversion D cWind IOccurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction mph | mph %______ mph %mph N 2.4 6.9 3.4 5.9 NNE 1.6 6.5 2.8 9.4 NE 1.8 6.5 6.4 15.7 ENE 1.0 5.4 5.2 14.6 E 0.8 6.6 3.2 11.5 ESE 0.5 10.1 1.9 10.1 SE 1.1 11.7 2.2 10.6 SSE 1.1 9.0 1.0 8.8 S 2.5 11.6 1.5 10.0 SSW 4.3 11.9 4.2 11.0 SW 5.2 11.5 5.7 11.4 WSW 3.4 10.1 7.7 12.6 W 0.9 9.3 7.6 14.0 WNW 0.7 7.1 6.2 11.0 NW 1.2 7.1 7.0 9.6 NNW 1.5 7.7 3.7 8.5 Calm Totals 30.0 69.7 Average 9.5 11.6 B-32

NONINVERSION INVERSION N N NWX W WNE NWW -E ~/ 15% a mph / 1 o/ 81 rnph I0 W - -- E W SW s sw SE S S Fig. 4-B. ~ercentage rrequency o' inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at the Enrico Fermi site: Fall, 1959.

TABLE XXIX-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Total hours 8760 Number missing hours 2255 Number hourly observations 6525 Percent missing data 25.5 Percent inversions 33.2 Percent strong lapse 32.4 Percent weak lapse 34.4 100.0% B-34

TABLE XXX-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Total hours 8760 Number missing hours 1160 Number hourly observations 7600 Percent missing data 13.2* Numbers hours inversion 1815 Percent inversions 23.9% B-35

TABLE XXXI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly Lapse Rates Compass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations S W I S W I S W I N 151 71 75 295 7.7 3.5 5.6 2.4 1.2 1.2 NNE 115 72 61 246 5.6 5.3 5.0 1.8 1.2 1.0 NE 248 53 63 364 12.6 2.5 3.1 4.0 0.9 1.0 ENE 202 51 23 276 10.3 2.4 1.1 3.3 0.8 0.4 E 118 50 34 202 6.0 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.8 0.6 ESE 70 88 44 202 3.6 4.1 2.2 1.1 1.4 0.7 SE 64 106 89 259 3.3 4.9 4.4 1.0 1.7 1.4 SSE 37 105 145 287 1.9 4.9 7.1 0.6 1.7 2.4 S 27 96 174 297 1.4 4.5 8.5 0.4 1.6 2.8 SSW 63 212 270 545 3.2 9.8 13.2 1.0 3.4 4.4 SW 41 252 289 582 2.1 11.7 14.1 0.7 4.1 4.7 WSW 154 371 237 762 7.8 17.2 11.6 2.5 6.0 3.8 W 143 211 173 527 7.3 9.8 8.5 2.3 3.4 2.8 WNW 163 152 153 468 8.4 7.0 7.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 NW 193 150 125 468 9.8 7.0 6.1.1 2.4 2.0 NNW 177 113 85 375 9.0 5.2 4.2 2.9 1.8 1.4 Calm 4 6 10 0. 0.0.3 0.1 0.1 Totals 1964 2157 2044 6165 100.0 100.1 100.2 31.6 35.0 33.2 Code: S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-36

TABLE XXXII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Daytime Nighttime Wind Occurrences, o Mean Occurrences, o Mean Direction No. Wind No. Wind Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 20 2.3 1.0 6.4 53 4.4 2.6 6.7 NNE 14 1.7 0.7 4.7 47 3.9 2.3 7.6 NE 19 2.2 0.9 10.8 44 3.7 2.2 7.6 ENE 7 0.8 0.3 4.3 16 1.3 0.8 6.4 E 17 2.0 0.8 7.5 17 1.4 0.8 7.9 ESE 31 3.7 1.5 10.6 13 1.1 o.6 9.2 SE 65 7.7 3.2 10.9 24 2.0 1.2 10.6 SSE 114 13.5 5.6 10.8 31 2.6 1.3 8.7 S 76 9.0 3.7 9.8 98 8.2 4.8 10.2 SSW 112 13.3 6.0 11.5 158 13.2 7.7 11.5 SW 123 14.6 6.0 12.4 166 13.8 8.1 9.7 WSW 89 10.5 4.4 11.4 148 12.3 7.2 9.3 W 56 6.6 2.7 9.9 117 9.8 5.7 8.5 WNW 52 6.2 2.5 10.6 101 8.4 4.9 9.7 NW 35 4.1 1.7 12.0 90 7.5 4.4 8.6 NNW 14 1.7 0.7 6.7 71 6.0 3.5 7.5 Calm 1 0.1 0.0 0 5 0.4 0.2 0 Totals 845 100.0 41.7 1199 100.5 58.5 Average 10.7 9.2 B-37

TABLE XXXIII-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) WindInversion Noninversion Occurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction mph ph N 1.2 6.6 3.6 8.2 NNE 1.0 6.9 3.0 10.7 NE 1.0 8.5 4.9 15.2 ENE 0.4 5.7 4.1 14.1 E 0.6 7.7 2.7 13.6 ESE 0.7 10.2 2.6 11.3 SE 1.4 10.8 2.8 11.3 SSE 2.4 10.4 2.3 10.7 S 2.8 10.0 2.0 10.3 SSW 4.4 11.5 4.5 11.6 SW 4.7 10.9 4.8 12.5 WSW 3.8 10.1 8.5 13.8 W 2.8 8.9 5.7 10.7 WNW 2.5 10.1 5.1 11.6 NW 2.0 9.5 5.6 10.9 NNW 1.4 7.4 4.7 9.8 Calm 0.1 Totals 33.2 66.9 Average 9.8 11.9 B-38

NONINVERSION INVERSION N N -- W —-, 0.0 1 — w1 —-.I ----- SW SE SW S S Fig. 5-B. Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at the Enrico Fermi site: Annual Summary, 1958-1959.

TABLE XXXIV-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Total hours 26280 Number missing hours 5850 Number hourly observations 20530 Percent missing data 22.2 Percent inversions 28.0 Percent strong lapse 45.3 Percent weak lapse 26.7 100.0% B-40

TABLE XXXV-B SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE-RATE DATA AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Total hours 26280 Number missing hours 3518 Number hourly observations 22762 Percent missing data 13.4% Numbers hours inversion 6383 Percent inversions 28.o06 B-41

TABLE XXXVI-B THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE-LAPSE RATES WITH WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITF 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Iu Lap R ates~ Percent Frequency of Lapse Rate Wind Hourly apse ates ompass Observations Within Total Direction Totals Categories Observations Dei |S W I |oS W I S W I N 462 167 201 830 5.1 3.1 3.6 2.3 0.8 1.0 NNE 444 134 206 784 4.9 2.5 3.7 2.2 0.7 1.0 NE 885 135 162 1182 9.7 2.5 2.9 4.4 0.7 0.8 ENE 754 120 115 989 8.2 2.2 2.0 3.7 0.6 0.6 E 529 148 128 805 5.8 2.7 2.3 2.6 0.7 0.6 ESE 418 233 192 843 4.6 4.3 3.4 2.1 1.2 1.0 SE 302 209 300 811 3.3 3.9 5.3 1.5 1.0 1.5 SSE 280 213 433 926 3.1 4.0 7.7 1.4 1.1 2.1 S 259 289 471 1019 2.8 5.4 8.4 1.3 1.4 2.3 SSW 494 519 664 1677 5.4 9.6 11.8 2.5 2.6 3.3 SW 487 685 761 1933 5.3 12.7 13.5 2.4 3.4 3.8 WSW 893 881 557 2331 9.8 16.4 9.9 4.4 3.4 2.8 W 703 575 465 1743 7.7 10.7 8.3 3.5 2.9 2.3 WNW 791 408 403 1602 8.6 7.6 7.2 3.9 2.0 2.0 NW 730 367 317 1414 8.0 6.8 5.6 3.6 1.8 1.6 NNW 700 282 222 1204 7.7 5.2 3.9 3.5 1.4 1.1 Calm 16 20 32 68 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 Totals 9147 5385 5629 20161 100.2 100.0 100.1 45.4 25.8 28.0 Code: S = A lapse rate in excess of the dry adiabatic lapse rate. W = A positive lapse rate that is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. I = A temperature increase with height. B-42

TABLE XXXVII-B THE ASSOCIATION OF INVERSION PERIODS AND WIND DIRECTION AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Daytime Nighttime Wind Mean.Mean WDind No Occurrences, % Mean Occurrences, Mean Direction No. Wind No. Wind....Total Overall Speed Total Overall Speed N 58 2.3 1.0 7.2 143 4.6 2.5 7.1 NNE 63 2.5 1.1 8.1 143 4.6 2.5 8.2 NE 68 2.7 1.2 11.9 94 3.0 1.7 8.3 ErE 55 2.2 1.0 10.2 59 1.9 1.0 9.3 E 66 2.6 1.2 9.7 63 2.0 1.1 10.6 ESE 128 5.0 2.3 11.3 64 2.1 1.1 12.9 SE 228 9.0 4.1 11.3 77 2.5 1.4 12.2 SSE 324 12.8 5.6 10.6 104 3.4 1.8 10.9 S 232 9.1 4.1 10.0 239 7.7 4.2 10.0 SSW 290 11.4 5.2 11.5 374 12.1 6.6 11.6 SW 347 13.7 6.2 13.1 414 13.4 7.4 11.0 WSW 214 8.4 3.8 11.8 342 11.1 6.1 9.8 W 168 6.6 3.0 11.8 297 9.6 5.3 9.2 WNW 138 5.4 2.5 12.0 265 8.6 4.7 9.4 NW 93 3.7 1.7 12.2 224 7.3 4.0 8.9 NNW 54 2.1 1.0 9.1 168 5.4 3.0 7.9 Calm 14 0.6 0.2 0 18 0.6 0.3 0 Totals 2540 100.1 45.2 3088 99.9 54.7 Average 11.2 9.8 B.-43

TABLE XXXVIII-B WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN WIND SPEED ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSIONS AND NONINVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) _Wind. lInversion Noninversion DirectioOccurrence, Mean Speed, Occurrence, Mean Speed, Direction mph % mph N 1.0 7.1 3.1 10.1 NNE 1.0 8.1 2.9 12.4 NE 0.8 9.8 5.1 15.9 ENE 0.6 9.6 4.3 14.8 E 0.6 10.2 3.4 15.3 ESE 1.0 11.8 3.2 11.8 SE 1.5 11.8 2.5 11.7 SSE 2.1 10.6 2.4 10.6 s 2.3 10.0 2.7 10.7 SSW 5.3 11.5 5.0 12.4 SW 3.8 12.0 5.8 15.2 WSW 2.8 10.6 8.8 14.o W 2.3 10.1 6.3 12.6 WNW 2.0 10.3 5 9 13.0 NW 1.6 10.0 5.4 12.1 NNW 1.1 8.2 4.9 11.4 Calm 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 Totals 28.0 71.9 Average 10.4 12.8 B-44

NONINVERSION INVERSION N N NW NE NW NE / \ I / 15% 8i mph W W- __ — 0.2 j i E W0 — 0.2 ) E Irw S T 1 W S S Fig. 6-B. Percentage frequency of inversions and noninversions associated with winds for i6 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) at the Enrico Fermi site: Three-Year Summary, 1956-1959.

TABLE XXXIX-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS BY SEASONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 Hour Ending Winter Spring Summer Fall Ending 0100 28.9 42.0 52.0 33.3 0200 28.9 50.0 53.3 39.3 0500 28.7 42.0 57.3 44.2 0400 31. 43.8 54.1 44.2 0500 25.8 41.7 54.1 40.3 0600 24.9 43.8 54.7 41.0 0700 26.9 44.4 49.3 35.5 0800 27.4 29.8 21.3 32.8 0900 24.6 19.0 6.8 17.7 1000 20.9 14.0 13.5 14.5 1100 22.6 16.7 16.2 18.8 1200 19.9 16.3 11.0 18.8 1300 27.1 21.3 13.5 20.0 1400 34.5 26.1 24.7 13.8 1500 36.0 25.0 28.8 18.5 1600 32.5 44.9 41.0 21.5 1700 31.9 42.6 45.3 24.2 1800 32.2 43.8 50.7 26.6 1900 38.3 34.o 38.7 34.3 2000 36.2 30.6 37.3 36.6 2100 4o.o 39.2 46.7 38.1 2200 44.1 42.0 45.3 38.8 2300 38.4 42.0 41.3 37.1 2400 35.3 38.8 46.7 33.9 Average 30.4 31.2 37.8 30.0 B-46

TABLE XL-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS BY SEASONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 Hour oEndin Winter Spring Summer Fall Ending 0100 35.6 35.9 61.1 37.3 0200 37.8 34.4 66.7 42.5 0300 37.8 35.9 66.7 43.8 0400 34.4 34.4 71.1 43.8 0500 34.4 34.4 70.7 39.2 0600 34.8 35.9 69.6 38.4 0700 52.6 30.2 62.9 39.7 0800 34.8 22.2 35.2 41.7 0900 33.7 9.5 10.2 18.1 1000 23.6 3.2 4.6 1100 14.6 1.6 3.4 1200 11.2 1.6 1.1 1300 11.1 1.6 2.2 1400 15.7 2.2 1.4 1500 14.4 2.2 1600 12.2 1.4 1700 7.8 1.1 1.3 1800 8.9 2.2 2.6 1900 15.6 1.1 6.7 2000 26.7 3.1 5.5 23.0 2100 31.1 15.6 26.4 31.5 2200 35.6 21.9 42.9 32.9 2300 34.4 23.4 50.5 38.7 2400 35.6 28.1 58.9 38.4 Average 25.6 15.6 29.9 21.7 B-47

50 Enrico Fermi Power Plant o 40-:: -.Mean Ii r — z g30 C-) 20 20 z Cn n, z 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS 50 WJBK-TV Tower ~ 40 w r0 Z z > 30 z LL. Z 20mm -. I Mean Cu') w10 z 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS Fig. 7-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Winter, 1958-1959. B-48

50 Enrico Fermi Power Plant C.) I40- _- z 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS WJBK-TV Tower o 1I-~~~-1 LwO C.) > 30.Mean LL 0 10 C 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS WJBK-TV Tower B 409 c 20ba 0) -0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS at W JBK-TV tower; Spring, 1959

60 Enrico Fermi Power Plant z 50 - Q. cr 0_. /Mean z 40 C-) W 30o Z20 LIm 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS WJBK-TV Tower 0 z 50- - 0 LU. 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS Fig. 9-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV towerS Summer, 1959. B-50

50 Enrico Fermi Power Plant z - - Me -- o 40 z Mean >- 30 U Sf 20 C) a: W 10 z > i 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS 50 WJBK-TV Tower z W 40a - 0. >-300 z WD ~- Mean rc 20 z (0 a: w 10 z 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS Fig. Q10-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Fall, 1959. B-51

TABLE XLI-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 Hour Annual 3-Year Ending 1957 1958 1959 Summary 0100 22.4 36.8 39.1 32.8 0200 23.4 37.1 42.9 34.5 0300 22.4 36.5 43.0 34.0 0400 22.4 35.0 43.4 33.6 0500 22.9 35.1 40.5 32.8 0600 23.5 35.3 41.1 33.3 0700 21.7 33.9 39.0 31.5 0800 17.2 29.9 27.8 25.0 0900 17.6 25.5 17.0 19.4 1000 12.2 22.1 15.7 16.7 1100 12.6 21.1 18.6 17.4 1200 17.1 18.5 16.5 17.4 1300 16.8 19.0 20.5 36.1 1400 20.2 23.9 24.8 23.0 1500 22.0 31.3 27.1 26.8 1600 22.7 33.2 35.0 30.3 1700 19.0 36. 36.0 50.5 1800 17.2 34.4 38.3 30.0 1900 15.5 37.3 36.5 29.7 2000 18.0 36.7 35.2 30.0 2100 18.8 35.7 41.0 31.8 2200 19.4 35.9 42.6 32.6 2300 20.4 33.4 39.7 31.2 2400 19.0 34.0 38.7 30.6 Average 19.4 31.5 33.3 28.1 B-52

50 Enrico Fermi Power Plant z 0z Mean z L IJ m z 0 (a: W 10 z o -4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS 50 WJBK-TV Tower z w 40 U z >-30 0 z 0 12 14 16 18 20 22 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS at WJBK-TV tower: Fall, 1959. B-31

TABLE XLI-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 Hour Annual 3-Year Ending 1957 1958 1959 Summary 0100 22.4 36.8 39.1 32.8 0200 23.4 37.1 42.9 34.5 0300 22.4 36.5 43.0 34.0 0400 22.4 35.0 43.4 33.6 0500 22.9 35.1 40.5 32.8 0600 23.5 35.3 41.1 33.3 0700 21.7 33.9 39.0 31.5 0800 17.2 29.9 27.8 25.0 0900 17.6 23.5 17.0 19.4 1000 12.2 22.1 15.7 16.7 1100 12.6 21.1 18.6 17.4 1200 17.1 18.5 16.5 17.4 1300 16.8 19.0 20.5 36.1 1400 20.2 23.9 24.8 23.0 1500 22.0 31.3 27.1 26.8 1600 22.7 33.2 35.0 30.3 1700 19.0 36.5 36.0 30.5 1800 17.2 34.4 38.3 30.0 1900 15.5 37.3 36.3 29.7 2000 18.0 36.7 35.2 30.0 2100 18.8 35.7 41.0 31.8 2200 19.4 35.9 42.6 32.6 2300 20.4 33.4 39.7 31.2 2400 19.0 34.0 38.7 30.6 Average 19.4 31.5 33.3 28.1 B-52

TABLE XLII-B HOURLY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 Hour Annual 3-Year Ending 1957 1958 1959 Summary 0100 58.0 55.5 45.2 52.2 0200 54.1 54.4 46.4 51.6 0300 55.2 53.8 47.0 52.0 0400 55.7 53.3 47.0 52.0 0500 55.7 53.4 45.7 51.6 0600 55.5 53.8 45.7 51.7 0700 51.1 49.6 42.4 47.7 0800 41.1 40.7 34.0 38.6 0900 30.0 29.6 18.6 26.1 1000 15.4 16.5 8.7 13.5 1100 11.3 8.5 5.4 8.4 1200 7.7 7.7 3.8 6.4 1300 8.4 7.8 4.1 6.8 1400 7.3 8.0 5.3 6.9 1500 6.3 5.1 4.7 5.4 1600 5.3 3.7 3.8 4.3 1700 3.5 2.8 2.8 3.0 1800 4.9 6.0 3.7 4.9 1900 17.8 11.4 6.3 11.8 2000 33.2 27.0 15.0 25.1 2100 45.3 41.8 26.7 37.9 2200 45.3 41.8 34.3 44.1 2300 49.1 50.0 37.8 45.6 2400 54.8 53.7 41.3 49.9 Average 32.4 30.9 23.9 29.1 B-53

Enrico Fermi Power Plant e0 u C —M — -M-ea z a20- o._ nLL. Z 0 10 cc W Oz 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS WJBK-TV Tower 50- w 0240 z Mean w 30 Or 10 20 t. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME.IN HOURS Fig. 11-Bo Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at WJBK-TV tower: Annual Summary, 1958-1959. B-54

50 Enrico Fermi Power Plant z w 40 5 /Mean z 0 z -r 20 Liz 0 wl0 z 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS 50 WJBK-TV Tower z w 40 (C) az z Mean s:20 z 0 C,) O 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME IN HOURS Fig. 12-B. Diurnal variation of inversions at the Enrico Fermi site and at.WJBK-TV tower: Three-Year Summary, 1956-1959. B-55

APPENDIX C PRECIPITATION DATA

TABLE I-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 10.9 10.5 27 5.2 1.3 NNE 10.6 11.9 19 3.6 0.9 NE 14.7 17.3 16 3.1 0.7 ENE 12.3 13.1 7 1.3 0.3 E 15.7 15.5 10 1.9 0.5 ESE 12.3 12.9 10 1.9 0.5 SE 10.5 12.5 12 2.3 0.6 SSE 10.2 10.7 14 2.7 0.7 S 9.9 11.1 30 5.7 1.4 SSW 12.0 12.8 33 6.3 1.5 SW 13.0 13.2 29 5.5 1.4 WSW 14.3 15.8 111 21.2 5.2 W 13.6 14.1 78 14.9 3.6 WNW 12.0 13.6 47 9.0 2.2 NW 11.4 12.1 45 8.6 2.1 NNW 9.7 12.0 33 6.3 1.5 Calm 0.0 0.0 1 0.2 0.0 Totals 522 99.7 24.4 Average 12.4 13.3 C-2

TABLE II-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 December 1958 - 28 February 1959 (Winter) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 11.0 12.4 34 5.8 1.6 NNE 10.0 10.5 20 3.4 0.9 NE 12.0 12.6 32 5.4 1.5 ENE 11.3 11.3 24 4.1 1.1 E 7.6 9.0 18 3.1 0.8 ESE 5.9 7.0 20 3.4 0.9 SE 6.8 7.3 12 2.0 0.6 SSE 8.6 9.3 26 4.4 1.2 S 9.5 9.3 35 5.9 1.6 SSW 11.3 10.8 50 8.5 2.3 SW 1355 13.2 88 14.9 4.1 WSW 13.8 13.7 84 14.3 3.9 W 13.2 17.2 36 6.1 1.7 WNW 13.3 13.0 34 5.8 1.6 NW 12.0 11.0 27 4.6 1.2 NNW 11.6 12.2 49 8.3 2.3 Calm Totals 589 100.0 27.3 Average 11.6 12.0 C-3

TABLE III-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Winter Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 12.1 78 7.1 0.7 NNE 15.9 81 7.4 0.7 NE 13.6 75 6.8 0.7 ENE 16 7 136 12.4 1.3 E 12.0 73 6.7 0.7 ESE 11.9 46 4.2 0.4 SE 11.1 57 5.2 0.5 *SSE 13.9 60 5.5 o.6 S 14 6 116 10o6 1.1 SSW 15.2 114 10.4 1.1 SW 16.9 77 7.0 0.7 WSW 15.7 47 4.3 0.4 w 12.4 26 2.4 0.2 WNW 14,5 32 2.9 0.3 NW 14.3 47 4.3 0.4 NNW 1355 29 2.6 0..3 Calm 0.0 2 0 2 0.0 Totals 1096 1000 10.1 Average 14 3 C-4

N N NW /\NE NW \7 NE / <^ \^ / JIL/ ~ 15% a mph /' 15\amph W 0.2 E W E SW ^ ys E SW ^ SE S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Winter (I Dec.- 28 Feb.) 1950-54 Winter (IDec.- 28 Feb.) 1959 N NNW NE /?~ V^-,iY / ^ ~ 15 % a mph SW\, /^ — SE S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Winter (I Dec.- 28 Feb.) 1959 c-5 Fig. 1-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Winter Seasons, 1950-1954,- and at Toledo Express Airport, and the Enrico Fermi site, Winter, 1958-1959. C-5

TABLE IV-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During. Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 8.9 8.3 7 1.8 0.3 NNE 12.9 12.9 31 8.1 1.4 NE 16.5 20.3 35 9.1 1.6 ENE 14.2 20.9 25 6.5 1.1 E 14.5 21.3 26 6.8 1.2 ESE 13.5 19.7 23 6.0 1.1 SE 10.5 15.6 9 2.3 0.4 SSE 11.3 14.4 17 4.4 0.8 S 11.4 12.0 22 5.7 1.0 SSW 13.6 12.8 25 6.5 1.1 SW 13.5 19.4 36 9.4 1.6 WSW 14.0 18.2 50 13.0 2.3 W 14.5 21.4 25 6.5 1.1 WNW 12.8 19.7 19 4.9 0.9 NW 13.6 15.4 24 6.2 1.1 NNW 12.7 15.5 10 2.6 0.5 Calm Totals 384 99.8 17.5 Average 13.3 17.5 C-6

TABLE V-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 March 1959 - 31 May 1959 (Spring) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 8.9 9.9 16 3.7 0.7 NNE 9.7 11.5 43 10.0 1.9 NE 9.8 10.0 57 13.2 2.6 ENE 10.1 11.7 46 10.7 2.1 E 8.1 9.3 14 3.2 0.6 ESE 6.4 8.2 9 2.1 0.4 SE 7.0 10.0 15 3.5 0.7 SSE 9.0 9.3 27 6.3 1.2 S 9.1 9.5 33 7.7 1.5 SSW 10.6 14.7 46 10.7 2.1 SW 10.9 14.6 39 9.0 1.8 WSW 11.9 17.0 38 8.8 1.7 W 12.6 16.7 13 3.0 0.6 WNW 12.3 13.0 18 4.2 o.8 NW 10.4 8.6 13 3.0 0.6 NNW 8.9 8.4 3 0.7 0.1 Calm 0.0 0.0 1 0.2 0.0 Totals 431 100.0 19.4 Average 9.9 11.4 C-7

TABLE VI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Spring Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During -Total Hours of' Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 13.3 26 2.7 0.2 NNE 14.0 34 3.5 0.3 NE 13.9 69 7.1 0.6 ENE 16.3 193 19.8 1.7 E 13.4 98 10.1 0.9 ESE 14.5 44 4.5 0.4 SE 11.6 40 4.1 0.4 SSE 14.0 49 5.0 0.4 s 14.6 49 5.0 0.4 SSW 15.4 73 7.5 0.7 sw 14.8 84 8.6 0.8 WSW 16.4 46 4.7 0,4 w 14.3 45 4.6 0.4 WNW 15.5 57 5~9 0.5 NW 16.6 40 4.1 0.4 NNW 11.5 2 24 0.2 Calm 0.0 4 0,4 0.0 Totals 974 100.0 8.8 Average 14.7 C-8

N N NW NE NWX E 15E/ k. v+-/.ph'.15 %&rmph W 0 —— = o;4 ^ E W - - 0.2 E — -- E; 5 W EE W E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Spring (I Mr.-31 May) 1950-54 Spring (I Mar-31 May) 1959 N NW E -w^'^ I \ I i C5 W E S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Spring (I Mar.-31 May) 1959 c-9 Fig. 2-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines)with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Spring Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport, and the Enrico Fermi site, Spring, 1959. C-9

TABLE VII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 7.9 8.0 1 1.1 0.1 NNE 9.5 8.3 4 4.4 0.2 NE 12.3 10.8 4 4.4 0.2 ENE 12.9 20.6 5 5.5 0.3 E 11.4 13.3 4 4.4 0.2 ESE 12.6 16.5 4 4.4 0.2 SE 12.0 17.3 3 3.5 0.2 SSE 10.5 18.0 1 1.1 0.1 S 8.7 8.0 1 1.1 0.1 SSW 10.4 12.7 21 23.1 1.3 SW 10.8 12.4 16 17.6 1.0 WSW 9.8 12.7 9 9.9 0.6 W 8.5 7.8 5 5.5 0.3 WNW 10.6 11.3 4 4.4 0.2 NW 9.5 13.3 3 3.3 0.2 NNW 10.1 6.3 6 6.6 0.4 Calm Totals 91 100.1 5.6 Average 10.4 12.4 C-10

TABLE VIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 June 1959 - 31 August 1959 (Summer) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 8.1 9.9 5 3.2 0.2 NNE 7.7 7.4 8 5.1 0.4 NE 6.8 8.1 2 1.3 0.1 ENE 6.8 10.1 5 3.2 0.2 E 6.2 6.6 3 1.9 0.1 ESE 5.9 4.9 4 2.6 0.2 SE 5.0 5.8 4 2.6 0.2 SSE 5.8 4.9 15 9.6 0.7 S 7.0 6.6 15 9.6 0.7 SSW 7.4 6.9 23 14.7 1.0 SW 7.6 7.9 24 15.4 1.1 WSW 7.8 8.3 26 16.7 1.2 W 7.0 8.7 5 3.2 0.2 WNW 13.0 12.6 3 1.9 0.1 NW 8.1 9.1 8 5.1 0.4 NNW 8.5 9.4 5 3.2 0.2 Calm 0.0 0.0 1 0.6 0.0 Totals 156 99.9 7.0 Average 7.1 8.0 C-11

TABLE IX-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Summer Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 11.2 18 3.8 0,2 NNE 11.5 24 5-0 002 NE 110 42 8o8 0.4 ENE 10.2 25 5.2 0.2 E 11.3 28 5.9 0.3 ESE 7.6 8 1.7 0.1 SE 7.3 18 308 0.2 SSE 8.2 17 3.6 0.2 S 8.2 27 5.7 0.2 SSW 12.4 62 13.0 0.6 SW 10o8 82 17.2 0.7 WSW 11.4 38 8.0 0 3 W 9.8 21 4.4 0.2 WNW 12.0 24 5.0 0.2 NW 10,9 13 2.7 0.1 NNW 13.0 21 4,4 0.2 Calm 0.0 9 1.9 0,1 Totals 477 1000o 4.3 Average 10,6 C-12

N N NW, ONE NWX ~ S NE, W V 715%8i mph 15%% mph W -- — ^- 1.9 c —-c**^-9E W 0.6 E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Summer (I June-31Aug.) 1950-54 Summer (I June-31Aug.) 1959 N NW NE W / ~I/ ",,^ I15%a mph SW ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Summer (I June-31 Aug.) 1959 C-13 Fig. 3-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Summer Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport, and the Enrico Fermi site, Summer, 1959. C-15

TABLE X-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Aotal Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 6.9 6.8 16 4.3 0.8 NNE 8.5 8.7 7 1.9 0.4 NE 13.6 13.7 30 8.1 1.5 ENE 13.0 11.2 13 3.5 0.7 E 11.5 10.5 13 3.5 0.7 ESE 11.7 14.4 10 2.7 0.5 SE 13.2 15.1 9 2.4 0.5 SSE 11.5 12. 13 3.5 0.7 S 11.1 12.8 23 6.2 1.2 SSW 12.3 10.9 26 7.0 1.3 SW 11.5 10.9 51 13.8 2.6 WSW 11.9 11.9 37 10.0 1.9 W 13.0 15.3 37 10.0 1.9 WNW 10.6 11.3 41 11.1 2.1 NW 10.1 9.2 33 8.9 1.7 NNW 8.5 8.6 11 3.0 0.6 Calm Totals 370 99.9 19.1 Average 11.3 11.6 C-14

TABLE XI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 September 1959 - 30 November 1959 (Fall) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 7.1 6.3 14 3.8 0.6 NNE 7.5 6.8 17 4.6 0.8 NE 7.6 7.4 20 5.4 0.9 ENE 8.7 7.1 13 3.5 0.6 E 7.0 5.5 6 1.6 0.3 ESE 6.3 5.8 10 2.7 0.5 SE 6.4 6.0 17 4.6 0.8 SSE 7.3 7.5 17 4.6 0.8 s 8.1 9.0 29 7.9 1.3 SSW 9.4 9.0 37 10.1 1.7 SW 8.9 7.9 39 10.6 1.8 wsw 11.4 11.0 41 11.1 1.9 W 11.1 10.0 27 7.3 1.2 WNW 11.2 12.3 43 11.7 2.0 NW 8.7 7.5 20 5.4 0.9 NNW 9.7 10.0 10 2.7 0.5 Calm 0.0 0.0 8 2.2 0.4 Totals 368 99.8 17.0 Average 8.7 8.1 C-15

TABLE XII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION J4ITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (Fall Seasons) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Preciptation Precipitation PrecipitaHours N 14.6 36 5.7 0.3 NNE 15.2 40 6.3 0.4 NE 11.5 27 4.3 0.2 ENE 14.3 35 5.5 0.3 E 10.8 53 8.4 0.5 ESE 10,0 15 2.4 0.1 SE 9.4 14 2.2 0.1 SSE 13.6 35 5.5 0.3 S 14.3 69 10.9 0.6 SSW 13.6 77 12.1 0.7 SW 12.4 79 12.5 0.7 WSW 12.2 48 7.6 0.4 W 9.7 23 3.6 0.2 WNW 12.9 27 4.3 0.2 NW 17.1 33 5.2 0.3 NNW 19.2 18 2.8 0.2 Calm 0.0 5 0.8 0.0 Totals 634 100.0 5.8 Average 13.2 C-16

N N NW E WE NW NE 15% E mph / 15% amph w - -r^ 0.8 i- E w 2.2 E-I —-I E SW SE S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Fall (I Sep.-30 Nov.) 1950-54 Fall ( I Sep.-30 Nov.) 1959 N NW NE 15aEk mph E S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Fall (I Sep.- 30 Nov.) 1959 c-17 Fig. 4-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Fall Seasons, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport, and the Enrico Fermi site, Fall, 1959. C-17

TABLE XIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 8.6 9.0 51 3.7 0.6 NNE 10.7 11.8 61 4.5 0.8 NE 14.6 16.9 85 6.2 1.1 ENE 13.3 17.3 50 3.7 0.6 E 13.4 17.0 53 3.9 0.7 ESE 12.9 16.9 47 3.4 0.6 SE 11.7 14.5 33 2.4 0.4 SSE 10.9 12.8 45 3.3 0.6 S 10.3 11.8 76 5.6 1.0 SSW 12.2 12.3 105 7.7 1.3 SW 12.3 13.9 132 9.7 1.7 WSW 13.1 15.5 207 15.1 2.6 W 12.9 14.8 145 10.6 1.8 WNW 11.6 13.7 111 8.1 1.4 NW 11.1 11.9 105 7.7 1.3 NNW 10.2 11.4 60 4.4 0.8 Calm 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 0.0 Totals 1367 100.1 17.7 Average 12.0 14.0 C-18

TABLE XIV-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 December 1958 - 30 November 1959 (Annual) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 8.7 10.4 69 4.5 0.8 NNE 8.5 9.9 88 5.7 1.0 NE 9.1 10.2 111 7.2 1.3 ENE 9.2 10.8 88 5.7 1.0 E 7.3 8.4 41 2.7 0.5 ESE 6.1 6.8 43 2.8 0.5 SE 6.3 7.5 48 3.1 0.5 SSE 7.8 8.8 85 5.5 1.0 S 8.5 9.0 112 7.3 1.3 SSW 9.8 10.9 157 10.2 1.8 SW 10.4 11.7 190 12.3 2.2 WSW 11.4 13.0 189 12.2 2.2 W 11.0 14.0 81 5.2 0.9 WNW 11.6 12.7 98 6.3 1.1 NW 9.7 9.3 68 4.4 0.8 NNW 9.7 11.5 67 4.3 0.8 Calm 0.0 0.0 10 o.6 0.1 Totals 1544 100.0 17.8 Average 9.3 10.8 C-19

TABLE XV-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (5-Year Summary) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of'Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 12.7 158 5.0 0.4 NNE 14.8 179 5.6 0.4 NE 13.0 213 6.7 0.5 ENE 15.9 389 12.2 0.9 E 12.2 252 7.9 0o6 ESE 12.3 113 3.6 0.3 SE 10.6 129 4.1 0.3 SSE 13.2 161 5.1 0.4 S 13.8 261 8.2 0.6 SSW 14.3 326 10.2 0.7 SW 13.7 322 10.1 0.7 WSW 14.0 179 5.6 0.4 W 12.1 115 3.6 0.3 WNW 14.1 140 4.4 0.3 NW 15.4 133 4.2 0.3 NNW 14.0 91 2.9 0.2 Calm 0.0 20 0.6 0.0 Total 5181 100.0 7.3 Average 13.7 C-20

N N NW E NW NE ~/ ^< \.L_ ^ 15% a mph / \ 15% a mph 5 5 W 0.6 - E W 0.6 E S S TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT TOLEDO, OHIO TOLEDO, OHIO Annual ( I Dec.- 30 Nov.) 1950-54 Annual (I Dec.- 30 Nov.) 1958-59 N NW NE 5%a mph W E S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN Annual (I Dec.-30 Nov.) 1958-59 C-21 Fig. 5-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport, and the Enrico Fermi site, Annual Summary, 1958-1959. C-21

TABLE XVI-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 Decmeber 1959 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 10.1 11.2 105 5.5 0.4 NNE 12.6 12.5 128 4.0 0.5 NE 15.3 16.0 191 6.0 0.8 ENE 14.2 16.8 167 5.2 0.7 E 14.3 7.9 165 5.2 0.7 ESE 12.4 15.3 108 3.4 0.4 SE 12.0 14.4 101 3.2 0.4 SSE 10.8 3.3 123 3.8 0.5 S 10.7 12.5 166 5.2 0.7 SSW 12.3 12.6 229 7.2 0.9 SW 13.0 14.1 302 9.5 1.2 WSW 13.4 14.7 432 13.5 1.7 W 12.7 16.6 349 10.9 1.4 WNW 12.3 14.o 260 8.1 1.0 NW 11.9 12.5 200 6.3 0.8 NNW 10.9 12.9 161 5.0 0.6 Calm 0.0 0.0 7 0.2 0.0 Totals 3194 100.0 12.7 Average 12.4 14.4 C-22

TABLE XVII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WINDS AT THE TOLEDO EXPRESS AIRPORT 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1959 (3-Year Summary) Average Average Wind No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Speed During Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, Precipitation, During Total Hours of Total mph pmph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 9.6 11.5 190 5.0 0.7 NNE 9.5 10.8 184 4.9 0.7 NE 9.5 10.9 23.11 0.9 ENE 10.6 12.2 223 5.9 0.8 E 10.5 12.2 197 5.2 0.7 ESE 8.0 7.7 98 2.6 0.4 SE 7.4 8.6 121 3.2 0.5 SSE 8.9 10.7 189 5.0 0.7 s 9.6 10.9 283 7.5 1.1 SSW 11.0 12.2 300 8.0 1.1 SW 12.3 13.0 397 10.5 1.5 WSW 12.7 13.2 467 12.4 1.8 W 11.6 13.1 269 7.1 1.0 WNW 11.4 12.2 242 6.4 0.9 NW 10.0 12.7 194 5.1 0.7 NNW 10.0 12.0 170 4.5 0.6 Calm 0.0 0.0 15 0.4 0.1 Totals 3770 99.8 14.2 Average 10.5 11.7 C-23

TABLE XVIII-C THE ASSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATION WITH WIND AT THE TOLEDO MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 1 January 1950 - 31 December 1954 (5-Year Summary) Average No. of Hours of Precipitation Wind Wind Observations as Percentage of Direction Speed, During Total Hours of Total mph Precipitation Precipitation Hours N 12.7 158 5.0 0.4 NNE 14.8 179 5.6 0.4 NE 13.0 213 6.7 0.5 ENE 15.9 389 12.2 0.9 E 12.2 252 7.9 o.6 ESE 12.3 113 3.6 0.3 SE 10.6 129 4.1 0.3 SSE 13.2 161 5.1 0.4 S 13.8 261 8.2 o.6 SSW 14.3 326 10.2 0.7 SW 13.7 322 10.1 0.7 WSW 14.0 179 5.6 0.4 W 12.1 115 3.6 0.3 WNW 14.1 140 4.4 0.3 NW 15.4 133 4.2 0.3 NNW 14.0 91 2.9 0.2 Calm 0.0 20 o.6 0.0 Total 3181 100.0 7.5 Average 13.7 C-24

N N W- E W Annual (I Dec.-30 Nov.) 1950-54 yr. sum. (I Dec.-30 Nov.) 1956-59 N W.2 E ----— E S ENRICO FERMI POWER PLANT SITE LAGOONA BEACH, MICHIGAN 3yr. sum. (I Dec.-30 Nov.) 1956-59 C-25 Fig. 6-C. Percentage frequency of occurrence of winds from 16 directions (rectangles) and corresponding wind speed in mph (heavy lines) with precipitation at Toledo Municipal Airport, Five-Year Summary, 1950-1954, and at Toledo Express Airport, and the Enrico Fermi site, Three-Year Summary, 1956-1959. C-25

APPENDIX D CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS - 1957

TABLE I-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 Decmeber 1956 - 28 February 1957 (Winter) Durat ion, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind. H Mean Wind. Hr Mean Wind Speed, mph Speed mph Speed mph 8 13 18 9 58 17 6 6 14 9 43 14 12 3 16 12 10 12 16 18 6 7 18 9 10 7 20 6 8 13 17 5 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 16 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 280 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 17.5 D-5

TABLE II-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1956 - 28 February 1957 (Winter) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 7 16 8 15 6 17 11 14 7 13 7 15 7 20 7 19 10 19 7 16 9 15 11 10 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 24 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 286 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.9 D-4

TABLE III-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 March 1957 - 31 May 1957 (Spring) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind Hr Mean Wind Hr Mean Wind Speed, mph __. Speed., mph Speed, mph 10 9 19 11 34 17 7 8 13 20 26 9 12 14 18 12 8 16 19 16 6 13 17 8 6 14 15 7 6 8 14 11 6 10 6 12 6 13 6 10 6 6 9 7 9 10 7 17 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 24 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 285 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.9 D-5

TABLE IV-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 March 1957 - 31 May 1957 (Spring) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 9 14 7 13 6 14 12 14 7 15 11 11 7 11 9 9 11 11 11 10 11 12 6 9 8 12 9 7 9 9 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 30 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 304 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 10.1 D-6

TABLE V-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 June 1957 - 31 August 1957 (Summer) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over HrMean Wind Mean Wind Mean Wind Hr Speed, mph H Speed, mph Hr Speed, mph 7 1 18 12 50 14 12 9 23 8 8 9 9 5 8 7 7 2 7 7 6 14 8 4 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 12 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 163 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 15.6 D-7

TABLE VI-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 June 1957 - 31 August 1957 (Summer) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 6 13 7 17 9 13 11 13 12 13 9 13 9 15 7 13 12 13 9 15 12 13 9 15 8 13 10 10 11 12 12 11 11 12 8 12 11 12 12 9 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 40 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 450 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.53 D-8

TABLE VII-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 September 1957 - 30 November 1957 (Fall) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind Hr Mean Wind Mean Wnd Speed mphSpeed, mph, m Speed, mph 9 8 19 13 6 9 19 10 6 9 9 10 14 8 9 8 6 10 16 13 6 8 20 11 8 27 11 13 12 msg 12 4 7 7 12 5 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 18 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 201 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.2 D-9

TABLE VIII-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 September 1957 - 30 November 1957 (Fall) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 6 16 7 14 9 14 8 13 6 14 6 21 11 21 12 21 9 12 11 15 6 14 6 21 12 14 11 14 6 16 13 16 14 14 15 18 14 16 13 15 14 15 13 13 13 15 15 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 47 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 612 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 13.0 D-10

TABLE IX-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE ENRICO FERMI SITE 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1957 (Annual Summary) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over Hr Mean Wind r Mean Wind r Mean Wind Speed, mph _ Speed, mph Speed, mph 8 15 18 9 58 17 6 6 14 9 14 12 3 16 12 17 10 12 16 18 26 6 7 18 9 50 1 10 7 20 20 8 13 17 5 10 9 19 11 7 8 13 20 12 14 18 12 8 16 19 16 6 13 17 8 6 14 15 7 6 8 14 11 6 10 18 12 6 12 23 8 6 13 19 13 6 10 19 10 6 6 14 8 7 10 16 13 9 10 20 12 9 7 7 1 12 9 8 9 5 8 7 7 2 7 7 6 14 8 4 9 8 6 9 6 9 9 10 9 8 6 10 6 8 8 27 11 13 12 msg 12 4 7 7 12 5 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration - 70 Total hours of continuous inversion over 5 hr in duration = 929 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 15.5 D-11

TABLE X-D FREQUENCY OF CONTINUOUS INVERSIONS AT THE WJBK-TV TOWER 1 December 1956 - 30 November 1957 (Annual Summary) Duration, hr 6-12 13-24 25 and Over 7 6 10 16 14 15 8 7 10 15 16 13 6 9 11 17 13 13 11 8 12 14 16 13 7 6 12 13 14 7 6 11 15 14 7 11 11 20 15 7 12 12 19 18 10 9 8 19 14 7 11 12 16 16 9 6 11 15 13 11 6 12 13 15 10 12 12 14 14 9 11 9 14 15 7 6 10 15 13 6 6 11 16 13 12 7 12 14 13 7 9 6 14 15 11 11 9 13 15 11 12 8 14 13 7 9 12 21 17 11 9 9 21 13 9 7 7 21 15 9 12 9 14 13 11 9 9 15 13 11 12 14 15 12 9 21 13 11 8 14 13 Total number of inversions over 5 hr in duration = 141 Total hours of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 1652 Average length of continuous inversions over 5 hr in duration = 11.7 D- 12