ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR. MICH. SIXTH PROGRESS REPORT TO MATERIALS LABORATOR Y WRIGHT AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER ON AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICR OSTR UCTURE AND CREEP-R UPTURE PROPER TIES OF HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS by A. P. Coldren JO W. freeman.P...,...26'::-. Task No. 73512 September" t 5,;'195,';7

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INTRODUCTION This report, the sixth quarterly progress report issued to the Materials Laboratory, Wright Air Development Center, under Air Force Contract No. AF 33(616)-3239, covers the period June 15, 1957 to September 15, 1957. The general objective of this investigation is to determine what basic relationships exist between microstructure and creep-rupture properties of heat-resistant alloys, The current effort is to establish the principles necessary to utilize hot working as a means of producing structures which give maximum and predictable properties for service at elevated temperatures. The method being used is to vary the microstructure by controlled hot rolling and to determine which combination yields the best properties. Studies will then be made to establish the basic metallurgical principles involved. The alloys under -study include three ferritic materials (SAE 4340, "17-22-A"S, and "17-22-A"V), a precipitation ~- strengthened, austenitic alloy (A286), and a commercially pure metal ("A" Nickel). TEST MATERIALS The alloys were supplied gratis by the following organizations: SAE 4340 from the Universal-Cyclops Steel Corporation, "17-22-A"'S and "17-22-A"V from the Timken Roller Bearing Company, A-286 from the Allegheny-Ludlum Steel Corporation, and "A" Nickel from the International Nickel Company, The chemical analyses supplied by the producers were as follows:

2. Alloy C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Fe Other: —.... _ _,........ SAE 4340 0.40 0. 80 0. 27 0. 82 1, 67 0.32. — Base (Ht D,14064) "I1722-A"'S 0,29 0. 61 0. 67 1. 30 0. 18 0.,47 0.26 Base (Ht 10420) "a1722A"V 0.29 0. 70 0. 71 1.43 0. 31 0. 51 0. 81 Base (Ht 11833) A-286 0,06 1,35 0.47 14.58 25.3 1.38 0.21 Base 2.00 Ti (gHt 21030) 0. 17 Al'%A" Nickel 0.06 0.27 0.,06 ---- 99.46(Ni+Co) ---- 0.09 0.03 Cu {Ht N9500A) 0. 008 S PR OCEDURE The general procedure adopted for this investigation consists of the following sequence of operations: (1) hot working each material isothermally and nonisothermally over a systematic range of temperatures and reductions; (2) heat treating the heat-treatable alloys with standard treatments; (3) evaluating the creep and rupture properties of each alloy at appropriate temperatures, and (4) correlating the properties with the structures as observed with electron and ordinary-light microscopy and x-ray studies. Hot rolling was chosen as the mode of hot working to employ because it is a common commercial process and it offers good laboratory control of the temperature and amount of reduction, The temperatures for rolling A-286 alloy and "A" Nickel were selected at and below the minimum temperature for partial simultaneous rec rystallizationo It is in this temperature range that working is thought most likely to affect properties since variable amounts of strain hardening and substructures can be introduced into the material,

3. Rolling under isothermal conditions at elevated temperatures was approximated by using a maximum of two quick passes for each reduction. The maximum reduction for A'286 and "A" Nickel in two passes at 1700- and 1400~F, respectively, was about 37 percent because of the limited power of the mill. To study the influence of rolling on a falling-temperature cycle, several reductions in the range of 12 to 60 percent were made using 3, 4, 5 or 6 passes depending on the reduction. No reheats were used for either the isothermal or the non-isothermal rolling. The specific rolling conditions used for A-286 alloy and "A" Nickel are presented in Table I and Table II, r espectivelyo The creep-rupture properties are being evaluated primarily by comparisons of rupture times or minimum creep rates under identical test conditions. For measuring the creep resistance of "A" Nickel at 800~F, however, the stress to produce a given creep rate is being established because a single-stress type survey cannot cover the very wide range in properties produced by rolling. The creep and rupture properties for A-286 alloy and "A" Nickel are being evaluated as follows: Alloy Test Temperature (*F) Test Stress (psi) Index of Strength A -286 1200 65,000 Time to Rupture 1200 35, 000 Minimum Creep Rate 1350 40, 000 Time to Rupture "A" Nickel 800 Variable Stress to Produce Minimum Creep Rate of 1% per 10, 000 hours 1100 20,000 Time to Rupture 1100 11,000 Minimum Creep Rate A-286 alloy was solution treated and aged after rolling; the "A" Nickel was tested in the as -rolled condition,

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The correlation of microstructures with properties is of major importance in this investigation. Since this aspect of the work has only recently been started (Figures 1 and 2), this report will consist primarily of the presentation of the creep and rupture data obtained to date. A 286 Alloy The originally planned rupture tests at 1200'F and 65, 000 psi and at 1350'F and 40 000 psi are complete. The data are presented in Table I and Figures 3 through 6. It is apparent from these data that both temperature of heating and amount of reduction had significant effects on rupture strength. This is highly significant in view of the fact that all bars were given the same heat treatment after rolling, The effect of thermal history was also observed in the ductility at fracture. Values of percent elongation for zero reduction by rolling ranged from 13. 6 to 2. 7 for tests at 1200'F and from 49. 1 to 2. 7 for tests at 1350'Fo Property differences between material rolled isothermally and non-isothermally were rather small.'"A" Nickel Rupture data at 1100'F and 20, 000 psi are complete for "A" Nickel rolled isothermally and non-isothermally (Table II and Figures 7 and 8). Creep data at 1100'F and 11 000 psi are nearly complete (Figures 9 and 10). For each rolling temperature the rupture strength rose sharply with the amount of reduction until recrystallization occurred either during rolling or during testing, The creep data showed the same general behavior, except that the peaks in strength tended to occur at low er r educations,

5. In general, ductility at rupture decreased with increasing rupture time. Some differences between the effects of isothermal and falling-temperature rolling are evident in Figures 7 through 10, but they cannot be properly evaluated until the structural studies are complete. FUTURE WORK Work planned for the immediate future includes: Io Analysis of the microstructures of A-286 alloy and "A" Nickel before and after testing and correlation of the structures with the properties. 20 Continuation of creep testing of A-286 alloy and "A" Nickel specimens already machined, 3, Hot rolling and testing of ferritic materials,. 4. Measurement of bar temperatures at critical points in the rolling cycles. CONSTANT STRAIN RATE MACHINE The proposed design of a constantstrainrate, high-temperature tension testing machine will be submitted early in October, 1957 for study by the Materials Laboratory, WADCo

TABLE I ROLLING CONDITIONS AND RUPTURE, CREEP, AND TOTAL DEFORMATION DATA FOR A-Z86 ALLOY ROLLED ISOTHERMALLY AND NON-ISOTHERMALLY WITH NO REHEATS Rolling Conditions Rupture, Creep, and Total Deformation Data Temperature Reduction of Number of Temperature Stress Time to Elongation Reduction of Deformation on Minimum Creep Time to Reach Indicated Total Deformation (hrs) ( F)a Area (%) Passes (-F) (psi) Rupture (hrs) (% in 4D) Area (%) Loading (%) Rate (% per hr) 0. 21 0.5% 0 5.0 5 80 0.0 0 1200 65,000 19, 1 13.6 17.6 0.421 0.860 b 0.8 6.0g -- 1200 45, 000 399.9 11.18 11.0 0.229 0. 00348 b 80.0 145.0 204.0 310.0 1200 35,000 c 1350 40,000 14. 1 49.1 48.4 0.285 0.680 b 0.3 1.0 2.1 5,0 9-4 3 1200 65,000 27. 1 10.9 15.2 0.346 0.055 b 2.9 8.5 13g -- 1200 45,000 463.8 10.9 11.0 0.272 0.00164 b 96.0 196.0 263.0 374.0 1200 35,000 1350 40, 000 17.2 41.8 52.0 0. 268 d b d d d d 19.7 5 1200 65,000 29.9 9. 1 13, 8 0, 348 0.0264 b 4.0 9.5 15,0 25,0 1200 45, 000 413.2 10.0 11.0 0.232 0. 0022 b 95.0 171.0 236.0 339.0 1200 35,000 1 350 40, 000 16. 3+3. 0 52.7 49.1 0.328 0.875 b 0.3 0.8 2.0 4.7 28.8 7 1200 65, 000 31.0 13. 6 16.0 0. 352 0. 0455 b 3.0 9.0 14.0 23,0 1200 45, 000 397.6 13.6 15.2 0.215 0. 00296 b 80.0 142.0 204.0 305,0 g 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 19.9 49.1 52.5 0.278 d b d d d d 39.5 9 1200 65,000 20.7 io10 13.8 0. 318 d b d d d d 1200 45,000 420.7 11.0 11.4 0. 256 0.00280 b 71.0 145.0 216.0 334.0 1200 35,000 1350 40, 000 15.2 47.3 46.0 0.259 0.736 b 0.5 1.1 2.5 5.5 1700 0.0 0 1200 65,000 30.5 10.0 9.8 0.295 0. 720 b 3,0 9.0 14,0 24,0 1200 45,000 462.9 11. 2 1 1. 9 0,. 247 0. 00420 b 48.0 142.0 220.0 340.0 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 18.9 39. 1 47.5 0.236 0.356 b 0.4 2.0 4.5 8.5 3.9 1 1200 65,000 38.5 16.3 13.3 0,.371 0. 0356 b 3.0 13,5 22,. 31,. 1200 35,000 > 886.2 -- -- 0.221 0.000866 b 275.0 570.0,'930.0 g 1350 40, 000 21.0 37.2 43.9 0.262 0. 228 b 1.0 2,7 4,8 9,6 8.4 2 1200 65,000 43.9 6.4 6.4 0.316 0. 186 b 6.5 14.0 23.0 - 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 32.4 34.5 34.0 0.293 0.130 b 1.5 4.2 7.2 14.4 21.5 2 1200 65, 000 22.6 7.4 9. 1 0. 584 d b b d d d 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 16.6 42.6 49.7 0.266 d b d d d d 31.7 2 1200 65,000 22.2 10.9 9.4 0.362 d b d d d d 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 14.2 32.7 52.3 0.331 d b d d d d 11.5 3 1200 65,000 31.1 7.3 9.4 0.400 d b d d d d 1200 35,000 1350 40, 000 24.5 34. 6 43.4 0. 228 2.65 b 1.0 2.6 4.9 10. 1 17.7 3 1200 65,000 30. 1 7.3 9.8 0.463 0. 0472 b 0.4 9.0 14.5 26 3 1200 35,000 > 887.2 -- -- 0.110 0.000543 205.0 535.0 780.0 10000 g -- 1350 40, 000 23. 1 30.0 25.7 0.266 d b d d d d 37.6 5 1200 65,000 29.2 8. 2 8.6 0. 337 d b d d d d 1200 35,000 1 350 40, 000 20.3 46. 3 44.5 0. 285 d b d d d d

TABLE I (coocluded) ROLLING CONDITIONS AND RUPTURE, CREEP, AND TOTAL DEFORMATION DATA FOR A-286 ALLOY ROLLED ISOTHERMALLY AND NON-ISOTHERMALLY WITH NO REHET Ro!!izg Conditions Rupture, Croep, aod Total Deformoation Data Ten peoataoe Reduction of NuWNbee of7 Temnperature Stress Timeo to Elongation Reductionofa Deform-ation on Minimuma Creep Timeo to ReacrS Indicated Total D-eotototon(bo (.F)a Area () Passes ('F) (psi) Roupture (hrs) (%/ in 40) Aroa () Loading (0.) Rate (le pero ho) 0. 70 0.5% 1. 0%,% h7 1950 0.0 0 1200 65, 000 127,2 6. 4 4. 8 0. 323 0. 00440 b 34.0 77. 0 103.01200 45, 000 > 1200. 5 - -- 0, 257 0,000068oe b 1130, 0 - - 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 102.2 11.2 22,6 0. 233 0,00570 b 28.0 55.0 71, 87. 3.9 1 1200 65,000 143.2 4,5 5.6 0.303 0.00250 b 47,0 96.0 110, - 1200 45,000 >1203.2 - -- 0. 2 12 0. 000098 b 840.0 - -- 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 66.3 23.6 24,9 0.238 0.0154 b 3.5 26. 0 3 6.0 - 9.7 2 1200 65,000 127.4 6.2 0.3 0.360 0, 0046 b 30.0 69.0 93,0 150 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 40.9 20. 0 26,2 0,223 0.0242 b 7.0 14.0 23,0 - 17.9 0 1200 65,000 159.0 5, 5 7,9 0,330 0,00170 b 60. 0 73. 0 117,0 16. 1200 35.000 1350 40,000 53.7 19. 4 27,0 0,227 0.0508 b 5.0 14,0 23,0 4. 23.5 2 1200 65,000 53.9 7,3 14, 9 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 42,1 32,7 37,2 34,2 2 1200 65,000 78, 52..0 9. 1 12,0 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 42,2 30,9 45,6 12,2 3 1200 65,000 100,2 7,3 7.9 0.350 0.00360 b 26,0 49.0 66,0 93O 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 48.9 20,0 25,7 0.181 0.04208 5. 0 7,5 13. 5 20,0 - 18.8 3 1200 65,000 112,3 11. 8 9. 9 0, 388 0,0041 b 21,0 53.0 73,0 - 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 49,3 24,6 33,4 0,240 0,0708 b 2, 5 9.5 18.0 1, 38.7 5 1200 65,000 62,1 10, 0 8,6 0,390 0,0116 b 6.0o 19. 0 3 1,01200 35,000 1350 40,000 32.1 39,1 47.3 0. 179 d < 1,0 d d d 2200 0,0 0 1200 65,000 41,2 2,7 5,6 0. 431 0,0246 b 0.4 14,4 --- 1200 35,000 >1310,3 - -- 0,416 b 1350 40, 000 120. 1 2.7 2, 0 0,284 0,00266 b 70,0 107.0 -- 5,4 1 1200 65,000 80,7 2,7 4.8 0. 39 8 0.00568 b 11, 0 53, 0 78,0 - 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 72,4 8,0 10. 3 0, 170 0. 0lO0o 6,5 2 1,0 31, 0 44,0 6, 10,4 2 1200 65,000 91,5 2,7 4,0 0,350 0,00383 b 31, 0 61, 0 --- 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 50,8 8.2Z 8. 7 0. 303 0,0244 b 7,5 17.0 26,5 3. 26,2 2 1200 65,000 97.0 3.6 7. 1 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 78,4 10, 9 14, 4 Z6, 1 2 1200 65,000 130.4 3.6 6. 8 1200 35,008 1350 40,000 78.4 11,.8 15,4 35,1 2 1200 65,000 121.9 o, 5 8,6 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 66,1 13. 6 16, 7 14.5 3 1200 65,000 125,8 4,5 4,8 0, 429 0.00207 b 29,0 84,0 113,0 - 1200 35,000 1350 40,000 62,2 7,3 9,8 0, 217 0,0180 b 11, 0 20,0 31,0 4, 20,8 3 1200 65,000 132,2 4,5 6.0 d 0,00210 b d d 4d1200 35,000 1350 40,000 66,6 9, 1 12, 7 0, 283 0.0130 6'13, 0 25.0 36,0 6, 39.8 5 1200 65,000. 186,2 4,5 5.2 0, 3 78 0, 00 1780 e 5 67, 0 108,0 148.0 - 1200 35,000 1350 10,000 94,4 f I11,I 0. 240 b 23, 0 38.0 59.0 5. > "Groater than,' (Indicates i0 thr "Time. to Ropture" columno the 1ti0e at which the teat'was disonotinued. >> "Much greaterthaon. < "Lessathan." "Approxoimately. a Initial teanperature; no rohoato.ere used. S Indicated defornmation excooded upon application of load, o Stank spaces in table indicate data aro noat yet arailable, d Valae unknowon or oarcertain bocaoso of eithor insufficient or faulty data, o This raterofcrroepwaaopreceded byao initial, brief period ofoeitherzero orongatite'reerp. f Calcalation imnpossible because a piece of the gage section wat loot, O Value obtained by exotrapolation or interpolation.

TABLE D ROLLING CONDITIONS AND RUPTURE, CREEP, AND TOTAL DEFORMATION DATA FOR "A"- NICKEL ROLLED ISOTHERMALLY AND NON-ISOTHERMALLY WITH NOREAT Rolling Conditions Rupture, Creep, and Total Deformation Data Temperature Reduction o 1 Number of Temperature Stress Time to Elongation Reduction of Deformation on Minimum Creep Time to Reach Indicated Total Deformation (hrs) (*F)a Area (%) Passes (*F) (psi) Rupture (hrs) (% in 4D) Area (%) Loading (%) Rate (% per hr) 0.2% 0.5% 1. 0. 5 5 80 0.0 0 800 35,000 > 525.6 -- >5.00 0.00120 b b b 800 32,000 > 525.4 -- >5.00 0.00106 b b b 800.20,000 > 982.0 -- 1.70 0.000420 b b b 15.0 >1000.0 800 14,000 c 1100 20,000 25.1 61.6 74.8 3.46 2.34 b b b 1100 17,000 102.1 51.8 52.8 1.92 d b b b 1100 14,000 359.0 29.1 30.7 0.908 0.0587 b b < 1.0,s'2.0 1100 11,000 2309.7 e 28.8 0.240 0.00827 b < 1.0 12.0 1100 8,000 >1079.6 -- 0.110 0.00225 7.0 60.0 190.0 1200 15,000 10. 2 81.5 67.3 11.3 4 800 1100 20,000 187.9 23.6 31.0 0.117 0.00700' 2.0 32,0 71.0 1100 11,000 >1348.7.... 0.055 0,000118 140. 0 >1000.0 --.... 16.5 6 800 1100 20,000 269.9 27.8 31.5 0.112 0.00735 -" 2.0 33.0 85.0 1100 11,000 >1153.0.. 0.054 0.000117 215.0 >1000.0...... 20.5 6 800 1100 20,000 470.5 20.9 29.8 0.141 0. 00512 10.0 62.0 136.0 250.0 1100 11,000 >1296.0.. 0.035 0.000063 650.0 >>1000.0.... -- 35.5 8 800 1100 20,000 442.1 30.0 42.1 0.100 0.00624 9.0 50.0 130.0 1100 11,000 > 863.0.... 0.057 0.000960 60.0 330.0 550.0 61.2 12 800 1100 20,000 56.3 53.7 86. 5 0. 109 0. 0628 d - 1.0 6.0 12,0 1100 11,000 > 428.8 -. 0.049 0. 0297 12.0 27,0 50.0 1400 4.7 2 800 1100 20,000 43.9 40.0 58.1 0.171 0.40d < 1.0 < 1.0 2.0 1100 11,000 >861.1 -.0. O 081 0. 000680 55.0 300.0 880.0g.... 9.7 2 800 20,000 > 934.5 0,105 0,0000225 >1000.0. 1100 20,000 110.9 41.8 54.5 0.172 0.0710 < 1.0 4.0 0 1100 11,000 > 838.3.. 0.059 0. 000315 120,0 780.0 >1000.0.... 14.7 2 800 1100 20,000 240.0 30.0 40.8 0.104 0.0119''1.0 25,0 54.0 1100 11,000 > 742.0.... 0.081 0.000277 90.0 1000.0g...... 26.1 2 800 1100 20,000 335.4 20.0 33.0 0.144 0.0114 -'1.0 14.0 60.0 1100 11,000 >1108.8.... 0.077 0. 00022 20.0 750.0 >1000.0.... 36.1 2 800 1100 20,000 627.2 30.9 56.1 1100 11,000 > 886.8.... 0.047 0.000448 105.0 710.0 -'2000.0g -... 19.5 3 800 1100 20,000 265.0 30.0 40.8 0.142 0.0127 2.0 24.0 56.0 1100 11,000 >1227.9.... 0.091 0.000056 170.0 >1000.0...... 33.8 4 800 1100 20,000 647.8 22.7 41.7 0.114 0.0093 < 1.0 17.0 60.0 143.0 1100 11,000 >1136.9.. 0.072 0.000148 70.0 1000.0 >>1000.0.... 58.7 6 800 1100 20,000 379.8 36.4 76.4 0.129 0.00352 -3.0 68.0 1520.0 1100 11,000 > 676.2.. 0.089 0.000726 45.0 380.0 600.0. -.. 1600 0.0 0 800 16,000 > 721.4 -. 0.708 0.000294 b b 600.0 >1000,0 -- 1100 20,000 30.,50.5 46.4 53.0 3.47 0.480 b b b b < 1.0 1100 11,000 > 982.0. -.. 0.436 0.00845 b < 1,0 8.0 5.3 2 800 20,000 > 937.3 -... 174 0.000178 10,0 e1300.Og 1100 20,000 71.3 40.7 49.5 3.90 0.218 b b b 1100 11,000 > 863.5 -. 0.089 0.000990 65.0 335.0 830.0 9.9 2 800 24,000 > 725.1 -.. 0.396 0.000195 b 410.0 >1000.0. -.. 1100 20,000 125.2 38.2 51.0 0.108 0.0735 < 1.0'-5,0 11,0.0 1100 11,000 >1084.1.... 0.061 0.000250 220.0 1100.0g...... 15.2 2 800 1100 20,000 142.3 38.2 52.0 0.148 0.0487 < 1,0 3.30 10..0 6 1100 11,000 >1368.7.... 0.061 0.000273 160.0 740.0 -2000.Og -...

TABLE II (concluded) ROLLING CONDITIONS AND RUPTURE, CREEP, AND TOTAL DEFORMATION DATA FOR "A" NICKEL ROLLED ISOTHERMALLY AND NON-ISOTHERMALLY WITH NO REHEATS Rolling Conditions Rupture, Creep, and Total Deformation Temperature Reduction of Number of Temperature Stress Time to Elongation Reduction of Deformation on Minimum Creep Time to Reach Indicated Total Deformation (hrs) (.F)a Area (%) Passes ('F) (psi) Rupture (hrs) (% in 4D) Area (%) Loading (%) Rate (% per hr) 0. Z% 0.5% 1.0% Z. 0% 5. 0% 1600 26.7 2 800 1100 20,000 521.8 29. 1 35.2 0. 096 0.00862 6.0 40.0 95.0 188.0 360.0 1100 11,000 >1320.0 - 0. 052 0. 000227 105.0 1030.0 >2000.0 0. 36.8 2 800 1100 20, 000 463.7 28.2 39.6 0.076 0.0088 4.0 30.0 85.0 175.0 329.0 1100 11,000 20.3 3 800 28,000 >1036. 1 --- 0.205 0,.000182 b'1200.0 g. — -- -- 1100 20,000 180.9 28.2 56.7 0. 117 0.0248 " 1.0 13.0 33.0 63.0 118,0 1100 11,000 >1083.7 -- -- 0 095 0. 000231 30.0 740.0 >1000.0 -- -- 34.4 4 800 40,900 >1052. 5 -- -- 0.698 0. 000415 b b 205.0 >1000.0 -- 1 100 20, 000 663.6 27.3 42.0 0. 106 0.00476 - 3.0 50.0 130.0 255.0 480.0 1100 11,000 >1203. 6 -- -- 0,048 0.000091 330,0 >1000.0 -- -- -- 59. 1 6 800 61,900 0.4 36.5 72.9 1.58 d b b b < 0.1 -- 800 1100 20,000 1030.4 16.4 53.6 0.088 0.00179 15.0 145.0 420.0 720.0 960.0 1100 11,000 >1057. 8. — -- 0,060 0. 000107 145. 0 >1000.0 -- -- -- 1800 0.0 0 800 15,000 > 886.0 --- 0.832 0.00079 b b 570.0 >> 1000.0 -- 1100 20,000 19.5 50.9 62.9 4.50 1. 30 b b b b 0. 03 1100 11,000 >1173.5 -- -- 0. 109 0.0087 "1.0 10.0 25.0 70.0 280,0 5.8 2 800 1100 20,000 72.8 43.4 49. 1 1.06 0. 190 b b b < 1.0 4.0 1100 11,000 > 702.0 -- -- 0.082 0.00129 55.0 230.0 610.0'1500.0 g -- 10. 8 2 800 i 100 20,000 69.9 47.3 64.3 0.988 0. 282 b b < 1.0,1.0 7.0 1100 11,000 > 702.0 -- -- 0.078 0.00121 55.0 240.0 650.0 "1600.0 g -- 15. 7 2 800 1100 20,000 93.3 48. 2 63,7 0.786 0. 180 b b < 1.0 - 1.0 8.0 1100 1 1,000 > 843.0 -- -- 0.073 0. 00092 65. 0 295.0 785.0 -- -- 27.3 2 800 1100 20,000 58. 7 43.6 59.7 1.04 0. 254 b b b 1.0 7.0 1100 11,000 > 988.2 -- -- 0,084 0.000355 60.0 620.0 "2000.0 g -- -- 37.5 2 800 1100 20,000 109.0+0.9 41.8 62.7 0.771 0. 160 b b 4 1.0 4.0 19.0 1100 11,000 > 886.9. — -- 0. 190 0.00306 "'1.0 40.0 180.0 525.0'1500.0 g 20.7 3 800 1100 20,000 75. 2+1. 5 53.6 63.9 0.438 0.0222 b < 0.4 0.4 1.5 13.0 1100 11,000 >1010.6 -- -- 0.092 0. 00049 35. 0 460.0 l1500.0 g -. -- 35.2 4 800 1100 20,000 214.3 27.3 48.6 0. 145 0. 0174 "'2.0 15.0 38.0 73.0 1320 1100 11,000 > 701.4 -- -- 0. 087 0.000298 135. 0 1050.0 g -- -- -- 59.3 6 800 1100 20,000 1028, 3 e 33.4 0. 137 0. 00208 -" 5. 0 115.0 350.0 660.0 935,0 1100 1 1,000 > 917.8 -- -- 0.078 0. 000099 525. 0 >1000.0 -- -. -- > "Greater than." (Indicates in the "Time to Rupture" column the time at which the test was discontinued. ) >> "Much greater than." < "Less than." "Approximately." a Initial temperature; no reheats were used. b Indicated deformation exceeded upon application of load, c Blank spaces in table indicate data are not yet available. d Value unknown or uncertain because of insufficient time-elongation data. e Calculation impossible because a piece of the gage section was lost. g Value obtained by extrapolation or interpolation.

L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - (a) Solution Treated and Aged. (b) 45 Minutes at 1700 Air Cooled + Solution Treated and Aged I' X

x100 x I 000 VN r Ot~~~~~~~~~~~~\ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J /~~~~ (a) Heated 45 Minutes at 2200F, Hot Rolled 5.4 Percent in I Pass, Air Cooled + Solution Treated 1 Hour at 1650'F and Aged 16 Hours at 13250F (b) Heated 45 ~ Mntes at 2200f -:' Hot Rolled 145 Percent'''' 3 Passes.. Air Cooled + Solution ~T reated 1LHour at'16501F and Aged 16 Hours at 1325'F. ~~~~~Figure2'.''A-286A foy HotRoed:'.'f' —-.; 0-and Subsequently Solution TreatedandAged. The hot rolling was (a) 5.4,'"'=_" tr.~:.,:._::.:::....::..:, <:..._.-:-:,-:,:.''' ".. percent in4pse, and (. Percent in 5 p with nion Trehats d IHu.ti60Fad g;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:fJ1-ii —!:.:!. =:-:F- j-:!i-.-~O;Si-,b

X100 X1000 -, X; m01:2'; (c) Heated 45 Minutes at 2Z00~F, Hot Rolled 26 8 Percent in 4 Passes, Air Cooled + Solution Treated 1 Hour at 1650 F and Aged 16 Hours at (.d) Heated 45 Minutes'at 2200~F, H-ot Rolled. 39.8 Percent in 5 Passes, ~ M'Ar Cooled. +.:.Solution Treated I Hour at 1650'IF and Aged 16 Hours at 132 5 *F.: Figar-e Z. - concluded~

i.:5- — i-:N 4 AL~-~-, 4~ ~~~~~'~- 4 4.t.. 14 4-~~~~~~~~.....,__-..?- -— ~~-r-...'''........:.......-i........~...;~~~~ ~~~~~ -~9...!..r —+~........- _....'.....I...., ~,,,,,i~A~ j~'WT~~O ~~ZS i!i!!:;: "'4.:4-:'-i.:.-!'~~~~~~~~~~~OI' o.~.i:i~::... o IR OLL.-~~O ISOTER MALLY JN,01~~t',',:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~16 Hr s, 134 *~F ~Air C 0el.'; I 4 - ---, —;-~~-".+-4~:...~.~~~= —~ — =~:. —,.~- -— ~ -- -~~ —-.:, —~.= —i~-;,, =' i-. —'~-i?;i-~ ~i..'~.:.'~ 4 —!: —~ i'-i::'':i; i;.:::-I':::I -:' ~:~'4:' ~ "-'r —-f -'._.-T':=..-:.i.... A":..."....::::,.' -.::..:~ — -..-~-...' —.... — -.~:~-~.-.:_=~-~ —-~._-.,- -!:::.:~-:?.~:,,:;.~f?:,~-.',~:~...,I.-i.~.~ ~.,.,!.~::-~,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4~::'':... t~~~~~~~'...'............~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~ ~::- i-~~~~~~ ~~~~ - -_+[W: — _=.. ~_~- -~- —: -.. —..-....~ —~ — ~- Lt-' "'-~': ~:~;i'.l]':;;:::'. Ii:-~:~~ i~;,'.-- -=- =; -~-t —~-~...~-4 — -+-......_:t_ _ _''__._...._._ 4-4~-~-;-:~"~:: —~-:-:~:4-=~-4-:-~-;: -~. —: —:: —_~-4_:~_,-~[c=_oTsm~oi ~.....: —::;. _.; t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~44-y~ol'I 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' I.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~-:=-~-.+~-:-?~ - - = —' ~ —. —-_'.=-~-~........:-;-!.: —-:':~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I 7 —~;' ~ -:-.-: —=.. ~ -:!-i.::~ —h~'0i0;!.... _ ~.~,. 7-

;:~~~~~~~~~~~.~ -.~ j +-.. ~ CEWI;O RHA$..... t t`~~~~1 -44' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' ~~~trae after:: roll in Hr. 65'F Ol,Quenc + ~' S-"t —~-o... i35o i........: tt r''':'D A LI I''A'i i ~I;-..'- - ~ 3 -f'!i:_; i.:~. i''i~~~~ ~~:/!'::;':: _r. t: i:!-#t t t~~~~~~IHr 60 il ue 6-Hrs 1325Fo A x' c I j id-~~~~~~~~~~~~~ s -+ —1~~~~) —'- i- _-;- i t t- - t 7 ~ ~ ~ -- - i 4~~~~~~~~~~~~-' t —- i? t ~ ~ l~fo r 1 I t,. I~~~~::,_~:,.:.....- -; -tI:::-:::'1 ~r3 i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ I 1 J i i i i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1, 4 4 I 4' 1 4 x 41 W[Tf ~QR;EA$'.Mr8. it2,AT0..': f: t I-i i r~~~~. o f a sleE —,p:~~~~~~~~ ~' J'-;~!20 F'..... — " —~44-r-... —- ~ —.....'......:' -— ti-i-+ —- 4 —..L- J~i~ ~ --........ -4 -:... —t-+ -4.......-+r I~~~~~~ 1.;.... _~...!::,, —-,-,H- i1 n L-~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~:-;^f-: f...:' —:-'r' —::-'-::-:-':-:''- -;-:'.ri..i..:'~-~T - ~~~~~..':- - t: i.' i-':. i-iri-t j i i-; -i t-s-:;;..t t -..: i - 4;..-. - | -- i~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t~ — r f -,'- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ —r~~- *-..'1~~.....:................t............ fl-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t f: ~ -'L- ~i v::i: i... -0~~~~~~~~~~4-I-t ~ -:.., - 0 ~ L i,f, ~, ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..:'~ edctonofAra y oling(e ret), Fig Lr~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ 4i f:-: Vria~ of RpurLif ith iaigTeeat eRoln Condiion L~:L_: fJ"-8 lo'etda! Z0, andi65,.000 psi. i -,-:'......... ~.~_:...t.......;............ -..............i...............

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 02827 4184