REPORT ON CREEP STRENGTH OF "17-22-A"V STEEL AT 10000 AND 11000F By R. Jackowski J. W. Freeman PR OJECT 842 e,,mic PROJECT 842 September 10, 1954 REPORT 206 THE TIMKEN ROLLER BEARING COMPANY STEEL AND TUBE DIVISION CANTON, OHIO

CREEP STRENGTH OF "17-22-A"V STEEL AT 1000~ AND 1100~F Creep tests were carried out on specimens from a commercial heat of "17-22-A"'V steel at 1000~ and 1100'F as a continuation of a program for the development of a low alloy steel for use in forged discs of the type used as rotors in the gas turbines in the jet aircraft industry. All previous investigations concerned with the development of "17-22-A"V steel had been confined to rupture tests. The establishment of creep characteristics was carried out to obtain information concerning the load carrying ability of the alloy for limited deformations and for extrapolation for long time applications. The material used for the investigation was bar stock taken from a commercial arc furnace heat. All samples were normalized at 18000F and tempered at 1200~F, the treatment which appeared to give the best properties on the basis of rupture tests at the time the investigation was undertaken, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Appraisal of the data obtained from creep tests at 1000~ and 1100F may be summarized as follows: 1. The creep tests indicated that "17-22-A"V steel has approxi.mately the following creep strengths: Temp Stress for Creep Rate of (~F) 0. 1%lo1000 hours 0. Ol/01/O000 hours 1000 (34,000) 20,500 1100 13,000 5,300

2 2. The creep strength at 1100~F of "17-22-A"V steel is considerably higher than that obtained for either "17-22-A" or "17-22-A"S steels. The margin did not appear to be as large at 1000~F. 3. As near as could be determined, the strength of the "17-22-A"V test material was somewhat low in comparison to the strength when the material properly responds to heat treatment. 4. The "17-22-A"V material was quite stable at 1000lF, except for some loss in impact strength. Considerable tempering occurred at 1100~F during 2000 hours of creep testing. TEST MATERIALS Machined 0. 505-inch diameter tensile specimens were supplied from a heat of "17-22-A"V steel (Heat 11625) reported to have the following chemical composition: C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo V.26.62.016.014.68 1.34.34.51.77 The material for these test specimens were normalized from 1800~F in l-inch round bars 7 inches long and tempered for 6 hours at 1200~F to 331/341 Brinell. The tensile specimens were coded 11625-1812 by the Timken Roller Bearing Company. Comparative creep properties from previous reports are used in this report for "17-22-A" and "17-22-A"S steels. These steels differ from " 17-22-A"V steel in that they contain only 0. 25 percent vanadium and their carbon contents are a nominal 0. 30 and 0.45 percent, respectively.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The time-elongation curves for the creep tests at 10000 and 1100'F are presented in Figures 1 and 2. Creep rates which existed at selected time periods are presented in Table I. The stress and minimum creep rate values are plotted as usual logarithmic curves in Figure 3. The creep strengths derived from these curves are given in the following tabulation: Test Stress for Indicated Creep Rate Source Steel Temp B H N (psi) of ( __F) _ 0. 1%/1000 hrs 0,01 %/l00 hrs Data!7 -22 -A"V 1000 331/341 (34,000) 20,500:'17-22-A" 1000 285 -- 14,000 Rpt. 165 17-22-A' 1000 315 -- 17,500 Rpt. 99 "17-22-A"V 1100 331/341 13,000 5,300 "17-122-A" 1100 311/341 9,500 3,600 Rpt. 198 "17-22-Al"S 1100 311/331 7,200 2,.800 Rpt. 198 The tabulation also includes comparative values from previous investigations of "17-22-A" and "17-22-A'"S steels. The greater creep resistance of "17-22-A"V steel is evident from this comparison. The data from the stability tests on the specimens after creep testing are shown. in Table II. The tensile and hardness data clearly indicate that considerable tempering had occurred during testing, particularly at 1100F. It is also evident that exposure to stress at 1000~F considerably reduced impact strength, although there was little evidence of tempering at 1000 F. The microstructures before and after creep testing at both temperatures are shown in Plates 1 through 3. The material had a very fine grain size and apparently had originally been very fine grained bainite before tempering. The metallographic examination of the structure shows very little

4 difference between the original structure and the structure after creep testing, despite the fact that the mechanical tests indicated that a considerable amount of tempering had occurred at 1100~F. This agrees with previous experience that there appears to be very little visible change in structure within quite a range in hardness by tempering for the same normalizing condition. DISC USSION The creep tests indicated a substantial superiority for " 17-22-A."V over "17-22-AA" or "17-22-A"S type steels at 11000F. Past experience with the rupture properties of "17-22-A."V steel, however, have indicated that the strength may be sensitive to normalizing temperature. Specimens from the same heat and given the same treatment as those used for the creep tests were rupture tested for Report 204. The indicated stress of 38,000 psi for rupture in 100 hours at 1100~F was considerably lower than had been. obtained for "17-22-A."V steel from other heats or from the same heat with other heat treatments. The indications are, therefore, that the particular lot of specimens subjected to creep tests are not representative of "17-22-A"V steel with maximum strength. The assumption, therefore, is that a material which would have rupture strengths at 1100~F for 1000 hours in excess of 32,000 psi, as is considered typical of "17-22-A"V steel, would show considerably higher creep strengths than were obtained for the, specimens used in this inves tigation. The comparative data for " -A"V "17-22-A"S steels at 1000~F do not show as great a superiority for "17-22-A"V as at 1100~F. The reason for this is uncertain. It could be due to relative stability being a

5 smaller factor at 1000~F. Most probably, the major reason was the relatively low strength of the "17-22-A"V test material. The reported creep strengths at 1100~F seem reasonably consistend with the probable rupture strength of the test material. The 10, 000-hour rupture strength probably should not be less than 20, 000 psi and the 100,000hour estimated strength not less than 10, 000 psi. The observed creep strengths are consistent with such values, but probably less than the stronger test materials in rupture tests conducted for previous investigations would have given. Tests have not been run for similar comparisons at 1000~F. The instability of the alloy at 11000F, as was evidenced by softening and loss of room temperature tensile strength apparently was responsible for the rather sharp drop in creep strength between 10000 and 1100~F. The possibility of embrittlement during service at temperatures'below 11O00F, as indicated by the impact tests, should also receive due consideration for any such applications.

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