SECOND PROGRESS REPORT TO MATERIALS LA.BORATORY, AIR MATERIEL COMMAND DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ON FOUR LOW-ALLOY STEELS' FOR ROTOR DISKS OF GAS TURBINES IN JET ENGINES ByW A. Zonder D. N. Frey J. W. Freeman PROJECT NUMBER: M903 AIR FORCE CONTRACT NUMBER: AF33(038)>43h96 EXPENDITURE ORDER NUMBER: 605-227 SR-7 J-u-ne 30., 1951

SECOND PROGRESS REPORT ON FOUR LOW-ALLOY STEELS FOR ROTOR DISKS OF GAS TURBINES IN JET ENGINES SUMMARY This report is the Second Progress Report covering an investigation being carried out under Air Force Contract Number: AF33(038)-13h96 (Expenditure Order Number: 605-227 SR-7), for the time period from 1 April 1951 to 30 June 1951. This investigation is to study the high-temperature properties of four lowalloy steels in the form of J-33 jet-engine disks. A concurrent investigation of the high-temperature properties of the isothermal products of transformation of each steel is being carried out to correlate with results to be obtained for the disks. To date, none of the disks has arrived, but notice has been received that the disks have been forged and heat treated, and that they will be shipped to the University some time in July. Creep tests are now in progress on specimens (both normalized + tempered to 300 Brinell, and oil quenched + tempered to 300 Brinell) of steels 4340, 17-22A(S) and H-40o Bar stock of steels 4340, 17-22A(S), H-40 and C-422 has been supplied gratis for the work on isothermal transformation. Using these materials, the following results have been obtained from creep tests at 1100~ F on normalized structures tempered to 280-320 Brinell hardness: Steel Stress to Cause One Percent Total Deformation in 1000 Hours t 1100i' F(psi) 4340 4h,250 17-22A(S)* 20,000 (approximately) H-40* 30,000 (approximately) **Creep tests completed *Creep tests in progress

2 Because of the poor strength of 4340O at 1100~ F, it was decided to conduct limited testing at 1100~ F and to proceed with more extensive creep testing at 10000 F. Additional tempering data for h34O and 17-22A(S) have been obtained. The timetemperature-transformation curve for H-O40 has been partially outlined and partial tempering data for H-40 have been obtained. INTRODUCTION This report covers the progress made between 1 April 1951 and 30 June 1951 on an investigation of the high-temperature properties of four ferritic alloys in the form of rotor disks for gas turbines in jet engines. The investigation, as outlined in the first Progress Report dated 31 March 1951, may be divided in two phases, namely: A. Disk Investigation (1) Determination of the effect of heat treatment upon the hightemperature properties of four low-alloy steels in the form of J-33 jet engine diskso The four alloys to be tested are 4340, 17-22A(S), H-40 and Crucible 422. (2) Determination out to 1000 hours for each steel of design curves showing stress vso time for (1) rupture, (2) start of third-stage creep, and (3) total deformations of lo0, 0o5, 0.2, and 0.1ol percent. These design curves are to be established at 1100~ F and two other temperatures for the heat treatment which gives the best practical properties. B. Isothermal Transformation Investigation (1) Determination of the creep and rupture characteristics of the products of isothermal transformation of the four steels. This work is being done on bar stock to correlate with the results obtained from the work on the disks and to help explain

3 the properties of the disks after various heat treatments. PROCEDURE AND PROPOSED TESTING CONDITIONS The procedure and proposed testing conditions to be used in this investigation were outlined in detail on pages 3, and 6- 9 of the first Progress Report. TEST MATERIALS The Crucible Steel Company of America has supplied, without charge, hot-rolled bar stock of H-ho and C-422 to be used for the isothermal transformation studies. These steels are from the same heats as used for the disk billets. The Timken Roller Bearing Company has furnished, also without charge, hotrolled bar stock of 4340O and 17-22A(S) for use in isothermal-transformation studies of these steels. The actual chemical analyses of the disk-billet stock are not yet available, but the actual analyses of the bar stock supplied are as follows: Type Steel 434o 17-22A(S) H-40 C-422 C (%) 0.40 0.30 0.29 0.23 Mn (%) 0.70 0 ~63 0.81 Si (%) 0.30 o0.60 0.26 0.16 p (%) 0.02 0.016 0.012 0.011 S (%) 0 o018 0.018 0.022 Cr (%) 0.78 1. 25 3.05 13.19 Ni (%) 1.75 0.25 O.h9 0.649 0 ~65 Mo (%) 0.26 0.52 1.0349 1.03 Va (%) 0.25 0.285 o..25 W (%) o.55 o.84 Cu Heat (%) Number 0,12 19053 0.10 24797 0.15 K-2509 - W-3561 The specified heat treatments for the disks have (see Progress Report dated 31 March 1951)o been outlined previously, RESULTS The results obtained to date in the investigation of the creep-rupture properties of the products of isothermal transformation are presented separately for each steel.

4 4340 STEEL The hardness values obtained for various heat treatments are as follows: Treatment Brinell Hardness As normalized 1 hour at 1750~ F 390 As oil quenched from 1750~ F 585 Austenitize 1 hour at 1750~ F + 10 hours at 1240~ F (Upper Pearlite) 207 Austenitize 1 hour at 1750~ F + 111 hours at 1050~ F (Lower Pearlite) 281 Austenitize 1 hour at 1750~ F + 28 hours at 850~ F (Upper Bainite) 315 Austenitize 1 hour at 1750~ F + 1-1/2 hours at 650~ F (Lower Bainite) 431 The tempering behaviors of the normalized and of the oil-quenched structures have been reported previously. Figures 1-3 show the tempering behaviors of the lower-pearlite, upper-bainite and lower-bainite structures. The first criterion used in evaluating the high-temperature properties of different microstructures for each steel was the stress to cause one percent total deformation in 1000 hours at 1100~ F. The stress which caused one percent total deformation for the normalized structure, tempered to a hardness of 300 Brinell was used for initial testing of the other structures. For 4340 steel this stress was found to be 4,250 psio Table I shows the creep data obtained to date from creep tests run on various microstructures of 4340. In figures 4 and 5 are plotted stress vso time for specified total deformations, and stress vs. total deformation at specified times for the normalized structures of 4340 steel tempered to an approximate hardness of 300 Brinell. Figure 6 shows a plot of stress vs. creep rate obtained for this normalized and tempered structures Incomplete results from a creep test in progress on 4340 material which has

been oil quenched and tempered to a hardness of 300 Brinell shows this structure to be markedly inferior to the normalized and tempered structure at the same hardness level. Because of the low stress (4,250 psi) to cause one percent total deformation of the normalized and tempered structure at 1100~ F, it has been decided to conduct limited testing at 1100~ F and more extensive testing at 1000~ F. Photomicrographs of the normalized and tempered structure before and after creep testing at 1100~ F under a stress of 4000 psi are shown in figures 7 and 8. 17-22A(S) STEEL The hardness values obtained after normalizing and after oil quenching 17-22A(S) steel were as follows: Treatment Brinell Hardness Normalize one hour at 1750~ F 361 Oil quench from 1750~ F 524 The tempering behaviors of these structures are shown in figures 9 and 10. Results from creep tests on this steel show that the stress to cause one percent total deformation in 1000 hours at 1100~ F for the normalized structure, tempered to a hardness of about 300 Brinell, is approximately 20,000 psi. A creep test in progress on the oil quenched structure, tempered to a hardness of approximately 300 Brinell, shows that this material is markedly inferior to the normalized plus tempered structure. The creep data obtained to date from tests run pn various microstructures of 17-22A(S) are included in table I, Stress-time-total deformation curves arees 11 and 12, while figure 13 shows a plot of stress vs. creep rate for this steel in the normalized plus tempered condition. Photomicrographs of the normalized plus tempered structure before and after creep testing at 1100~ F under a stress of 17,000 psi are shown in figures 14 and 15.

6 H-40 STEEL The hardness values obtained after normalizing and after oil quenching H-40 steel were as follows: Treatment Brinell Hardness Normalize one hour at 1950~ F 435 Oil quench from 1950~ F 522 The tempering behaviors of these structures are shown in figures 16 and 17. Results from creep tests now in progress on H-40O steel indicate that the stress to cause one percent total deformation in 1000 hours at 1100~ F for the normalized structure, tempered to a Brinell hardness of 300 will be approximately 30,000 psi. Creep data obtained to date from tests on normalized plus tempered structures of H-40 are included in Table I. Stress-time-deformation curves, plotted from data obtained to date, are shown in figures 18 and 19. Work is now in progress on the determination of the time-temperature-transformation curve for H-40. C-422 STEEL To date, no work has been done with this steel. FUTURE WORK The program on the bar stock is to be continued to define the relationship between microstructure and creep-rupture properties. Concurrent testing is planned for all four disk materials as soon as they are received.*

TABLE I. CREEP D. TA Steel Heat Treatment 4340 N. 1750~F + 1 Hr at 1100~F n nt BHN 292 311 299 309 fzf%. Test Temp. Stress ( ~F) tress 1100 2,000 1100 4,000 1100 6,000 1100 4,500 It /EfAf 11 G- ^rl Time in Progress (Hrs) 1056* 1056* 1050* 450 -Oc;, Minimum Creep Rate 5'/1000 Hrs 0.22 0.52 2.4 Percent Total Deformaticn at Indicated Time Pericds 300 Hrs 500 Hrs 1000 Hrs Time in Hours for Specified Total Deformations 0.1 0o.2.% 0.5 1.0o 0.2 0.27 0.37 0.51 1.04 1.57 1.14 0.38 0.78 3.07 86 302 18 95 8 26 6 23 g g y; 484 101 103 1 OA^ 286 258 O.Q. + 10 Hr at 1100~F IT I '7Ao'W- I 'ff cr 4I A AOrW 41. 17wU- - JL t r at1.L.LUU " OUO LUUU UUU oU., - - -o 17-22A(S) N. 1750~F + 10 Hrs at 1200~F 302 1100 10,000 1056* 0.16 0.26 0.31 0.8 33 138 - " " " 291 1100 14,000 1150* 0.3 0.22 0.28 0.44 47 230 1220B n 17 1100 17,000 1036* 0.45 0.25 0.34 0.58 11 175 857 n n n 311 1100 20,000 100 - - - 1 45 - - O.Q. + 1 Hr at 1300~ F 306 1100 20,000 560 1.86 0.84 1.49 - A 46 140 364 H-40 N.1950~F + 18 Hrs at 1200~F 320 1100 27,500 536 - 0.42 0.55 - A 58 430 - n " " 316 1100 31,000 536 - 0.53 0.75 - A 7 274 n n " 312 1100 54,000 270** 1.48 - - - A 5 162 *Coimp)leted Creep Tests **Broke in Fillet at 270 Hours A - Reached 0.1% Deformation on Loading B - Extrapolated Value

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Figure lh. - 17-22A(S) Steel Norpialized 1 hour at 17500 F + 10 hours at 1200' F. (X500). 5-i- f5s Figure 1L. - 17-22A(S) Steel Normalized 1 hour at 1750' F + 10 hours at 1200* F; Creep Tested at 1100* F and 17,000 psi for 1036 hours.* (,%500).o

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