THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR,, MICHIGAN QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT NO. 15 FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH-POWER CRESTATRONS FOR THE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE This report covers the period January IL, 1964 to April 1., 1964 Ele-ctrori Phiysics-,~Labor~atozL~y Department: fL Electrical ERngtn~e-ering Byz G. T. Konrad A~proved b'y C. K. Rhee G.&. Konrad Project Engineer JE. Rowe,, Director Electron Physics Laboratory Project 05785 NAVY DEPARTMENT BUREA.U OF S'-)HIPS ELECTRONICS DIVISION CONTRACT NO. NObsr-81405-'

ABSTRACT A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P, = 20 gun. is shownn A reasonably well-behaved beam throughout the gun region is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one of the improved P = 4.46 guns is seen to yield only fair transmission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level oscillations appear to limit the transmission. The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatrans. has.re-sulted_-_in a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor modi — fications in the design have been found to be necessary for the final tubes. -iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS v LIST OF TABLES vi PERSONNEL vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. COMPUTER DESIGN OF HIGH-PERVEANCE HOLLOW-BEAM GUNS 1 3. EXPERIMENTS ON THE ELECTROSTATICALLY-FOCUSED HOLLOWBEAM TUBE 7 4. WORK CONDUCTED AT THE BENDIX RESEARCH LABORATORIES 7 4.1 Introduction 7 4.2 Test Results on Tubes TW-143-A-17 and 18 11 4.3 Test Results on Tubes TW-147-1, 2 and 3 11 5. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK 21 -iv

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 2.1 Trajectory Plot for Electrostatically-Focused P, = 20 Gun. (Jo = 6~705 x 103 Am/m2, P 17= 249) 3 2.2 Trajectory Plot for Electrostatically-Focused P = 20 Gun. (JO = 4o192 x 103 Amp/m2, P = 14.0) 4 2,3 Trajectory Plot for Electrostatically-Focused PpX = 20 Gun (JO = 4.656 x 103 Amp/m2, P1 = 1707) 5 2,4 Trajectory Plot for Electrostatically-Focused 20 Gun. (J = 7.203 x 103 Amp/m2, Pp = 19.573) 3.1 Beam Transmission vs Beam Voltage. 8 4,1 Power Output vs. Power Input for TW-143-A-18. 12 4.2 VSWR and Insertion Loss vs. Frequency for TW-147-1. 13 4.3 VSWR and Insertion Loss vso Frequency for TW-147-2. 14 4,4 Power Output vs. Power Input for TW-147-1. 15 4.5 Power Output vs. Power Input for TW-147-2. 16 4,6 Maximum Power Output and Saturated Gain vs. Frequency for TW-147-3. 18 4.7 Small Signal Synchronous Voltage at Low Beam Current for TW-147-3. 19 4.8 Power Output and Gain vs. Frequency at Medium Beam Current for TW-147-3. 20

LIST OF TABLES Table Page 4.1a Electrical and Physical Data of Tubes Constructed g 4.1b Electrical and Physical Data of Tubes Constructed (contd.) 10 -vi

PERSONNEL Time Worked in Scientific and Engineering Personnel Man Months* J. Rowe Professor of Electrical Engineering.15 J. Boers Associate Research Engineers.93 G. Konrad 1.02 W. Rensel Assistant Research-Engineer.46 R. Maire Research Assistants 1.05 C. Rhee 1.81 Service Personnel 7.64 * Time Worked is based on 172 hours per month. -vii

QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT NO. 15 FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH-POWER CRESTATRONS FOR THE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE 1. Introduction (G. T. Konrad) Contract NObsr-81403 comprises a research and development program on high-power 100-300 mc Crestatrons. The aim is to conrstruct compact 100-watt Crestatrons employing permanent magnet focusing. Initially the tubes will be tested in a solenoid until they meet electrical specifications, but ultimately the permanent magnet focused tubes employing a depressed potential collector will be ruggedized so as to meet environmental specifications. This work is being conducted by the Bendix Research Laboratories on-a subcontract from The University of Michigan. Theoretical as well as experimental studies on high-perveance hollow-beam electron guns, in addition to electrostatic focusing systems initiated some time ago on this program, are being continued by The University of Michigan. The ultimate goal of these studies is to demonstrate the feasibility of using electrostatically focused, high-power, hollow electron beams in microwave devices. In addition, it is intended to work out a design for an electron gun compatible with a high-power vhf Crestatron. 2. Computer Design of High-Perveance Hollow-Beam Guns (C. K. Rhee) A series of beam trajectories for the P = 20 gun with a smaller mean beam diameter than reported previously was obtained from the digital computer program during the past quarter. Again the strong

-2space-charge forces presented the main difficulty in obtaining a well focused beam, as may be expected from this type of high perveance gun. The trajectory plots of Fig. 2.1 through Fig. 2.4 show the various stages of modification in the gun geometry that were necessary in order to overcome the effects of the space-charge forces. In Fig. 2.1, for instance, the beam started to diverge even before it passed through the first anode, thus making the focusing action of the lens negligible. Figure 2.2 shows somewhat improved beam trajectories due to the placement of the focusing electrodes and the lens closer to the beam edge. However, these changes caused an appreciable drop in perveance and crossing of electron trajectories. In Fig. 2.3 the first anode was moved toward the beam edge and the lens was changed to a conical shape in an attempt to raise the perveance and to reduce the crossing of the beam trajectories. As may be seen, an improvement resulted. In order to decrease the divergence of the beam in the first anode region further, the cathode was curved, as shown in Fig. 2.4. Also, the lens was formed into a step-shape to reduce crossing of the beam trajectories. The plot in Fig. 2.4 shows satisfactory beam trajectories, although the beam diverges outside of the gun region. During the coming quarter an axial magnetic field will be applied in the gun region in-,addition to electrostatic focusing fields. Both P = 20 guns will be programmed for digital computer solution under these conditions. It is hoped that more simple electrode geometries can be realized when the electrostatic focusing fields are reduced ins the presence of magnetic focusing forces.

0.5 V0 I lvo / Qoo V 0.4 0.3 CATHODE 0.2,,_FOCUSING | FIRST | LLAST 0.1 I ELECTRODE ANODE ANODE LENS 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 FIG. 2.1 TRAJECTORY PLOT FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY-FOCUSED P = 20 GUN. (Jo = 6.705 x 103 AMP/m2, Pi = 17.249)

0.5 Vo /00 0.4 ~~~~~0.3~~ 0.2 FOCUSING | _FIRST LAST ELECTRODE A E ANODE LENS 0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 FIG. 2.2 TRAJECTORY PLOT FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY-FOCUSED Pi = 20 GUN. (Jo = 4.192 x 103 AMP/m2, Pa = 14.0)

0.5 V /100 ~l l IVo/IA0 0.4 0. 3 CATHODE 0.2 -FOCUSING'4 —FIRST "-" LAST ELECTRODE ANODE ANODE 0.1 LENS 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 FIG. 2.3 TRAJECTORY PLOT FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY-FOCUSED P~ = 20 GUN. (Jo = i!.656 x 103 AMP/m2, Pi ) = 17.7)

0.5 V0 /100 0.4m 00.3 ATH OD 0.2 FOCUSING I IF RST I DN I k LAST ELECTRODE ANODE I I I ANODE 0.1 0 0. 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 FIG. 2.4 TRAJECTORY PLOT FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY-FOCUSED P = 20 GUN. (Jo = 7.203 x 103 AMP/m2, P, = 19.573)

-73. Experiments on the Electrostatically-Focused Hollow-Beam Tube (C. K. Rhee) The experimental work on the vhf Crestatron was delayed considerably due to intermittent short circuits that occurred inside the tube. The beam focusing tests were repeated up to a voltage of 1100 volts. As the beam voltage was increased beyond 900 volts, low-level r-f oscillations were observed and the beam transmission began Otto _1: drop, as shown in Fig. 3.1. It may be seen from this figure that the beam transmission is somewhat improved as compared to the data obtained from the previous tube and reported in the last progress report. This is believed to be due to a more ideal geometry in the entrance to the focusing system. The data obtained on the present tube so far is only tentative. It is expected that the r-f oscillations can be eliminated and that improved transmission can be obtained from 900 volts up to the design voltage of 1500 volts. These tests will be conducted during the coming quarter. In addition the beam transmission will be studied under r-f drive. 4. Work Conducted at the Bendix Research Laboratories 4.1 Introduction. Previous reports have discussed the theoretical design, have dealt with various tests of component parts and have presented the results of r-f tests on 16 metal-ceramic tubes. Since the last progress report two more tubes were constructed and tested in this series. Table 4.1 lists the more important physical and electrical parameters of these tubes. In order to optimize the r-f performance it was necessary to revise the tube design. These considerations were presented in the This material was submitted by K. C. Earl of the Bendix Research Laboratories.

50 TRANSMISSION THROUGH ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING STRUCTURE z 40 w cn I 0n Z OVERALL TRANSMISSION 030 r 20 10 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 BEAM VOLTAGE, VOLTS FIG. 3.1 BEAM TRANSMISSION VS. BEAM VOLTAGE.

Table 4.la Electrical and Physical Data of Tubes Constructed TubN. De Helix Input Output Operating Nominal Fower Tube No. Date TPI Conn. Conn. Gun Conditions TW-143-A Completed Length TPi Cn. Cnditions Gain Output Notes Inches H V Obtained Obtained Length Length 0 0 Tapered Tapered Glass to kovar r-f feedthrus and 1 3-1-63 9.6 11.5 Shield Shield Triode 105 680 15 to 18 15 stem header. Filter not used so 4'r 4- low freqs. appear better than they should. Tapered Tapered 2 9.6 11.5 Shie-ld "'Shield Triode --- -— Tube not completed due to data on 4-1 4 No. 1 indicating change of plans. Tapered Tapered This tube developed an open inner 3 3-20-63 9.6 10 Shield Shield Triode 143 700 16 15 anode and arc breakdown. Filters 4" 4~l I I I I not used so low freqs. appear better than they should. Tapered Tapered 4 4-2-63 5.6 10 Shield Shield Triode 350 830 16 to 23 40 to 60 Ultimate failure due to leakage in 2"1 2" I gun. Tapered Tapered 5 5-8-63 5.6 10 Shield Shield Triode --- --- -- --- Heater failure before data c 2"' 2" be obtained. 10 Tapered Tapered 6 5-24-63 5.6 Tapered Shield Shield Triode --- --- - - --- Helix connection to r-f feedto 20 2 " 2' through failed during bake out. 10 Tapered Tapered 490 5-30-63 5.6 Tapered Shield Shield Triode 200 to 12 20 Helix tapered to much r-f to 20 2.8" 2.8"' 560 performance poor. 10 Tapered Tapered 8 6-20-63 5.6 Tapered Shield Shield Triode 280 770 15 30 to 40 Helix tapered too much. tol5 2" 2" Tapered Tapered 9 6-22 -63 5.6 11.5 Shield Shie Id Triode 400 1180 10 50 to 100 First tube to give 100 watts. 2"t 2" 11.5 Stretched Tapered Tapered 680 Obtained momentary 1k of 600 ma 10 6-26-63 5.6 Output Shield Shield Triode 250 to 10 30 to60 and Poof 1406atts but50ufto 130o Match 2" 2" 940 examination of P0 not made. osc. Matchpos po ssible. Tapered Tapered 11 6-28-b3 5.t 13 Shield Shield Triode --- --- --- R-F feedthrough failure durr~g 2" 2" bake Out.

Table 4.lb (Contd.) Helix Input Output Nominal Power Tube No. Date TPI Conn. Conn. Gun Operating Notes TW-143-A Completed Length Helix and and Type Conditions Inches Obtained Obtained Length Length I V | Tape red Tapered 580 Poor activation of cathode 150 ma 12 7-3-63 5.6 13 Shield Shield Triode 150 to 10 to 13 15 maximum cathode current. 2 ".,,. |,0,1,....d,700 Tapered Tapered 6Z580 13 8-8-63 5.6 13 Shield Shield Triode 200 to 10 IS to 20 200 ma maximum cathode current. 2" 2" 840 Tapered Coupled 930 14 9-19-63 5.6 11.5 Shield Helix Triode 400 to 5 to 10 20 to 30 High loss in output coupler degraded | Z" 2( l2 990 performance. Tapered Coupled 3 1140 Severe inverse overload and high 15 10-16-63 7.7 11.5 Shield Helix 600 to 10 to 12 40 to 85 loss in output coupler degraded Anode 2" |Z" node Z1240 performance. Coupled Coupled 820 High loss in both input and output 16 10-28-63 6.6 l1.5 Helix Helix 400 to 4 to 6 10 couplers degraded performance. 2" 2" Anode 910 Depressed potential collector. Tapered Coupled 460 Low temperature bake out 17 12-16-63 7.7 11.5 Shield Helix 75 to 12 10 limited cathode activation severely 12| 2"7 Anode 540 to 75 ma. low temperature due to -' t" I t" Z ~ Z | 540 leak. 0 Coupled Coupled Best operation of coupled helix 18 1-7-64 6.6 11.5 Helix Helix 400 850 14 40 to 50 tubes but excessive trouble with Anode 2" 2" Anode oscillations due to matches Tube No. TW-147 - 3Coupled Coupled 1000 R-F matches not very good oscil1-24-64 7 8 Helix Helix Anode 200 to 15 to 30 lations limited testing to excessively 1| 3 |S3" pokes high voltages. Depressed potential Coated collector. Coupled Coupled R-F matches changed during bake Anode Z 2-13-64 7 8 Helix Helix noe 250 1300 6 13 to 22 out same problem as with tube 1. 3" 3" Spoke Results to this time not conclusive. Coated R-F matches changed some during bake out. Tube much more stable 60 to 167 than-previous. Power outputs 99 to Z 99 to 149 149 over 100 to 300 mc at 1450 volts. 3 3-26-64 9 Shie Id Shield 500 to 15 3 3-6-64 9 ShId Shield node 00 to 15 1450 Optimum voltages caused oscillation volts due to high gain so gain must be reduced. Most successful tube to date.

-11last quarterly report. Experimental results on three tubes of the new design will be described below and are also summarized in Table 4.1. 4.2 Test Results on Tubes TW-143-A-17 and 18. Tube No. 17 contained a coupled-helix output matching section and a tapered input matching section. Only a low temperature bakeout was possible because of a leak occurring during bakeout and therefore the tube was tested at only 70 to 75 ma of beam current. Gains of 7 to 10 db were observed with maximum power outputs of 10 watts. Tube No. 18 contained coupled-helix couplers for both input and output matching sections. Beam currents of 340 ma were achieved. Power outputs of 40 to 50 watts were obtained in the 150 to 300 mc range but with inverse overload characteristics. Efficiencies were in the 15 to 19 percent range. Higher beam currents could not be maintained because of interception and beam breakup caused by the spokes in the three anode gun. Figure 4.1 is a plot of power output vs. power input for tube No. 18 operating at 800 volts and 400 ma. 4.3 Test Results on Tubes TW-147-1, 2 and 3. Three tubes of the new design have been built and tested, tubes 1 and 2 with coupled-helix couplers and tube 3 with tapered matching sections. The coupled-helix couplers exhibited insufficient performance giving marginal VSWR and excessive loss. In these tubes, the tendency to oscillate was strong and maximum beam currents achieved were 200 ma for tube 1 and 250 ma for tube 2. Figure 4.2 is a plot of the doubleended VSWR and. insertion loss of tube 1 and Fig. 4.3 gives this information on tube 2. Figures 4.4 and 4.5 show power output vs. power input for tubes 1 and 2, respectively.

-1223 db 20 db 16 db 13 db 10 db K00 I-X [H~ti!beam = 340 ~0 Mc vo =800 00 Mc ~~~~10. ~ ~ FIG. 4.1 POWER OUTPUT VS. POWER INPUT FOR TW-143-A-18.

0 u2 _ I-, 0.I ~~~~~~~~LOSS THROUGH TUBEE 4J 0 us 5.2 db 66 -14 db 8 80% 0 I-60% w W rr, rC Y I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3.0 140% REFLECTION AT IN PUT OF TUBE1.6' 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. > 20% ___. 0 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 frnc FIG. 4.2 VSWR AND INSERTION LOSS VS. FREQUENCY FOR TW-147-1.

I 0 O' -4 -6 -8 -13 db A 4 Iu I-b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 47% 40% u. 40 36% U.33+ -- - -- Lu 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 f MC FIG. 4.3 VSWR AND INSERTION LOSS VS. FREQUENCY FOR TW-147-2.

-15-r................. 6 db Vo = 1000-1070 6 IK = 200 ma 3 db IA2 = 0.3 ma I A3 -= 3.0 ma 0 db 1 D C 16 a g FIG. 4.4 POWER OUTPUT VS. POWER INPUT FOR TW-147 —/ I~ /// /FT~~ FTG. 4.4 POWE OLF2?T VS. POWE]R TNPUT2 FOR TW- 147- L.

-16100- _ _ _10 db Vo = 1300 V IK = 250 ma IA] = 1 ma 6 db IA2 = 1 ma IA3 = 30 ma _3 db I ol 6 AMPb 10 _ _ —_ _ _ _- _ _ _0 db I — 0i 1.00.10.01 0.1 1.0 10 P IN - WATTS FIG. 4.5 POWER OUTPUT VS. POWER INPUT FOR TW-147-2.

-17Tube TW-147-3 was constructed using tapered matching sections and was the first tube to utilize the new two anode spokeless electron gun. This tube was much more stable than the first two and the tube was operated at 500 ma of beam current at voltages above and below the optimum voltage. Gain was higher than expected on this 9-inch helix and the tube did oscillate at voltages between 1100 and 1400. Smallsignal gains of 20 to 24 db were recorded at full beam currents and 1100 volts. Figure 4.6 plots the maximum power output vs. frequency, with beam voltage as a parameter. Figure 4.6 also shows the saturated gain associated with the power output. Figure 4.7 is a plot of synchronous voltage vs. frequency obtained experimentally by adjusting the voltage for maximum small-signal gain with very low, (10 ma), of beam current. Figure 4.8 is a plot of power and gain at 250 ma of beam current, with the voltage adjusted for maximum smallsignal gain. It can be seen from the test data that a minimum of 99 watts of r-f power output was obtain.ed at —00, 150,9 200, 250. and 290 mec. R-f data was not taken at 300 mc because sufficient r-f drive power was not available. This power output was obtained at beam currents of 500 ma and a voltage of 1450 volts. This voltage was higher than optimum, in order to suppress oscillations and therefore the power output vs. power input had inverse saturation overload characteristics. At 1100 volts, which was below optimum voltage, almost 100 watts was obtained throughout the frequency range except at 100 mec. At this lower voltage the power output vs. power input curves exhibit the normal saturation overload characteristics. Adjustment of parameters to fully meet the requirements will be made and incorporated in future tubes. All of the measurements give the output power at

IK = 500 ma Vo = AS SHOWN 240... 24... ~~~~~~~240 l'~Al = 12.5 ma 24 IA2 = 0.H =0 lV = 1400 200 so 6 15= AMPS 20 / V0 = 1400 VOLTS Vo = 1050 / I IL 4t:160 f = 1450 VOLTS 16'~~~~~~~~~~~~v i a' ~~ — ~= 1450 /_V = 15-00 VOLTS z =~~i. ~ / I 10 aI.- on1 120 12 0 4 ui 0000 V 1050 VOLTS:/ 0 I' 2 Vc = 1100 VOLTS 80 8 40 4 0 0 100 150 200 250 300 100 150 200 250 300 FREQUENCY -mc FREQUENCY - mc FIG. 4.6 MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT AND SATURATED GAIN VS. FREQUENCY FOR TW-147-3.

700.... 600 500 - 4 00 300 1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 FR EQU ENCY - Mc FIG. 4.7 SMALL SIGNAL SYNCHRONOUS VOLTAGE AT LOW BEAM CURRENT FOR TW-147-3.

100 20 80 I I | l... | 10- 1 ~ SATURATED GAIN V. ADJUSTED FOR MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT - INVERSE, OVERLOAD GAIN vs f. Vo ADJUSTED FOR MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT - INVERSE OVERLOAD 600 6 VO ADJUSTED FOR MAXIMUM SMALL IK = 250 mc SIGNAL GAIN20 t - IA1 = 2 ma | O NORMAL OVERLOAD 10 1 S _ATURATED GAIN_'A2 =0.5 mO IH =0 I sol =4.05 AMP G AIN vs f. VO ADJUSTED FOR 100 150 200 250 300 100 150 200 250 300 FREQUENCY - Mc FIG. 4.8 POWER OUTPUT AND GAIN VS. FREQUENCY AT MEDIUM BEAM CURRENT FOR TW-147-3.

-21the r-f output terminal of the tube and filters are used in the r-f line to the output power meter so that all harmonics are attenuated and do not add to the indicated power output. 5. Summary and Future Work (G. T. Konrad) The P = 20 gun design with a reduced beam diameter has now been completed. This is the gun that may ultimately be useful in a 1-kw tube. During the coming quarter it is intended to study the focusing action of an axial magnetic field in the small as well as the larger diameter P = 20 guns by means of the digital computer. The latter gun is presently under construction and will be checked in the beam analyzer. The data obtained on the electrostatically focused tube to date is tentative. Some small-level oscillations disturbed the beam focusing efficiency. At voltages up to 800 volts higher beam transmission was observed than on any previous electrostatically focused tube on this program. This work will be continued during the coming quarter for higher voltages and under conditions of r-f drive. Very encouraging results were obtained from the most recent 100-watt Crestatron. Power levels and gain well within; the design requirements were observed. These results warrant the initiation of the next phase in the development of these tubes, namely environmental ruggedization and a change to permanent magnet focusing methods. T he initial work on this phase is already under way and will continue during the next quarter.

DISTRIBUTION LIST No. Copies Agency 1 Commanding Officer and Director, U. S. Navy Electronics Laboratory, San Diego 52, California 2 Commander, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, Attn: ASRN 1 Mr. J. Enright, ASRNET-1, Electronic Technology Laboratory, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 1 Commanding Officer, Harry Diamond Laboratories, Electron Tube Branch, Washington 25, D. C. 2 Commanding Officer, U. S. Army Electronics Research and Development Laboratory, Electron Devices Division, Fort Monmouth, New Jersey 1 Commander, New York Naval Shipyard, Material Laboratory, Code 924, Naval Base, Brooklyn 1, New York 2 Chief, Bureau of Naval Weapons, Department of the Navy, Washington 25, D. C., Attn: RAAV-4423 1 Chief, Bureau of Ships, Department of the Navy, Washington 25, D. C., Attn: Code 691A4 4 Chief, Bureau of Ships, Department of the Navy, Washington 25, D. C., Attn: Code 335 1 Director, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington 25, D. C., Attn: Code 5240, Dr. S. T. Smith 1 Director, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington 25, D. C., Attn: Mr. L. A. Cosby, Code 5437 2 Director, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington 25, D. C., Attn: Library 2 Advisory Group on Electron Tubes, 346 Broadway, 8th Floor, New York 13, New York 1 Commanding General, Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, Rome, New York, Attn: Documents Library RCOIL-2 1 Commander, Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, Rome, New York, Attn: Mr. H. Chiosa, RCLRR-3 10 Commander, Defense Documentation Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Virginia

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UNCLASSIFIED DDUNCLASSIF DD The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH 2. Computer Design of High- Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH 2. Computer Design of HighPOWER CRESTATRONS FOR THE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE, Perveance Hollow-Beam Guns POWER CRESTATRONS FOR TE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE, by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 1964, 21 pp. incl. illus. 3. Experiments on the Electro- by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 1964, 21 pp. incl. illus.3. Experiments on the Eectro-81403, ~~~~~~~~~~~~statically-Focused Hollow - (Contract o. NEsx840~PrjSeriaNoSF0001 (Contract No. Nbsr Project Serial No. SF0100 201) aTt No. NObsr-810403, Project Serial No. SF0100 201) statically-Focused HollowBeam Tube Beam Tube A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P = 20 4. Work Conducted at the Bendix A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P = 20 4. Work Conducted at the Bendix H ~~~~~~~Research Laboratories HResearch Laboratories guns is shown. A reasonably well-behaved beam throughout the gun a or guns is shown. A reasonably well-behaved Fubeam throughout the gu Resear a rork region is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one l K r an tre r sregion is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one 5 Summary an Fu ture Work regionis obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one I. Konrad, 0.T1. ofth imd I.KonradK0GTu g r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ftegimpove.6gns is IIsReentyilolyfitrs-Kra, C. K. of the improved P = 4.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- II. Rhee,.. of the improved P =.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- I Konr. misotot mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level I ta ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level oscillations appear to limit the transmission. oscill ations appear o limit the transmission. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oscillations appear to limit the transmission. The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor modifications in the design have been found to be necessary modifications in the design have been found to be necessary ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~modifications in the design have bees found to be necessaryUNLSIEDfrtefalubs for the final tubes. |UNCLASSIFIED for the final tubes. CIASSIIE ____DD _UNCLASSIFIED DDUNCASSIFIED The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH 2. Computer Design of High- Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH. Cputer Design of ighPOWER CRESTATRONS FOR THE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE, Perveance Hollow-Beam Guns POWER CRESTATRONS FOR THE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE,erveance Hollow-Beam G by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 1964, 21 pp. incl. illus. 53. Experiments on the Electro- by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 1964, 21 pp. incl. illus. 3. Experiments on the Electro(Contract No. NOsr-81405, Project Serial No. SFO100 201) statically-Focused Hollow- (Contract No. NObsr-81403, Project Serial No. SFOlO00 201) statically-Focused ollowBeam Tube Beam Tube 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Beam Tb A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P = 20 4. Work Conducted at the Bendix A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P = 20 4. Work Conducted at the Bendix H ~~~~~~~Research LaboratoriesH guns is shown. A reasonably well-behaved beam throughout the gun guns is shown. A re onably well-behved be toughout the gun Research Laboratories regons is showtain. r heasonab well-behtrostavedally beamsedtu ngu 5. Sgummary and Future Work gwn. A reasonably well-behaved beam throughout the gun Reseamry Lan rtori region is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one I. Konrad,.. region is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one 5. Summry and Future Work of the improved P = 4.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- II. Rhee, C. K. of the improved P = 4.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- I. Konrad, G. T. H H II. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Rhee, C. K. mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level oscillations appear to limit the transmission. oscillations appear to limit the transmission. The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor modifications in the design have been found to be necessary modifications in the design have been found to be necessary for the final tubes. UNCLASSIFIED for the final tubes. NCLSSII

DD |____ _ UNCLASSIFIED DD UNCASSIFIED The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH 2. Computer Design of High- Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH 2. Computer Design of ighPOWER CRESTATRONS FOR THE 100-500 MC FREQUENCY RANGE, Perveance Hollow-Beam Guns POWER CRESTATRONS FOR TEE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE, Perveace Hollow-Beam Guns by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 196,4 21 pp. inc. illus. 3. Experiments on the Electro- by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 1964, 21 pp. incl. illus. - statically-Focused Hollow- (Contract No. NObsr-81403, Project Serial No. SF0100 201) ststic ('Contract No. NObsr-81403, Project Serial No. SF0100 201) statpeical-oue olw Beam Tube Beam Tub A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter p = 20 4. Work Conducted at the Bendix A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P = 20 4. Work Conduted at the Bendix Research LaboratoriesRearhLbatis isshoywell-behaved beam throughout the gn Reanh Ftor ks guns is shown. A reasonably well-behaved beam throughout the y we'.ehS aryh saod uraetorkes guns is shown A reaso lcrslnabl 5l.y focused tbe using one | 5 Su y and ture Work| region is obtained. The electrostatically f oused t ube using onema I. Konrad, G. T. fcsdtb sn n region s obtaned. Th electostaticlly foused tue usin one I.Konrad 0. 1.of the improwed p = 4.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- I. Konrad, 0. 1. of the improved p = 4.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- II. Rhee, C. K.. ee. K mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level Im tR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level oscillations appear to limit the transmission. oscillations appear to limit the transmission. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oscillations appear to limit the transmission. The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor modifications in the design have been found to be necessary modifications in the design have been found to be necessary for the final tubes. lUNCLASSIFIED for the final tubes. UNCASSIFIED DD_____ _ UNCLASSIFIED DD UNCLASSFED The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction The University of Michigan, Electron Physics Laboratory, 1. Introduction Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH 2. Computer Design of High- Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HIGH 2. Computer Design of ighPOWER CRESTATRONS FOR THE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE, Perveance Hollow-Beam Guns POWER CRESTATRONS FO TEE 100-300 MC FREQUENCY RANGE, Perveance ollow-Beam Guns by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 1964, 21 pp. incl. illus. 3. Experiments on the Electro- by G. T. Konrad, C. K. Rhee. April, 1964, 21 pp. incl. illus.. Experiments on the Electro(Contract No. NObsr-81403, Project Serial No. SF0100 201) statically-Focused Hollow- (Contract No. NObsr-81403, Project Serial No. SFO100 201) statically-Focused ollowBeam Tube A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P =20 4. Work Conducted at the Bendix A series of traject y plots for reduced diameter P =20 u e A series of trajectory plots for a reduced diameter P = 20 4 oko Research LaboratoriesRearhLbatis guns is shown. A reasonably well-behaved beam throughout the gun ar a tr guns is shown. A reasonably well-behaved beam throughout the gn 5 Summa nd Fut Wok region is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one 5 umr n uueWr usi hw.Araoal elbhvdba hogottegnRsac region is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one I. Konrad, G. T. region is obtained. The electrostatically focused tube using one 5. Summary an ure r of the improved P = 4.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- II. of the improved P =.46 guns is seen to yield only fair trans- I. Konrad, G. T. mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level mission to the colle tor at reduced voltages. Some low-level. oscillations appear to limit the transmission. ~~~~~~mission to the collector at reduced voltages. Some low-level oscillations appear to limit the transmission.l| oscillations appear o limit the transmission. The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in The revised design of the 100-watt Crestatron has resulted in a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor a tube with sufficient gain and power output. Only very minor modifications in the design have been found to be necessary modifications in the esign have been found to be necessary for the final tubes. UNCLASSIFIED for the final tubes. D

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