COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR WELDING OF SPECIAL MATERIALS DATA - PROCEDURES by H. A. Ohlgren J. G. Lewis R. J. Hennig January, 1955

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A significant portion of the suggested specifications and procedures outlined in this manual are based upon research, development, and practices resulting from work supported by the United States Government. Much of this work was done under the sponsorship of the defense agencies and of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission because of the requirements of these bodies for equipment fabricated from special materials. Acknowledgement is made to the American Welding Society, American Society for Metals, Linde Air Products Company, and Revere Copper and Brass, Incorporated, for permission to reproduce and refer to certain tables and data appearing in the appendix. The advice and suggestions of W. C. Truckenmiller, Associate Professor of Production Engineering, and of L. E. Wagner, Assistant Professor of Production Engineering, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank R. J. Annesser for his help in editing, and to express their appreciation to M. J. Sinnott, Associate Professor of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering,. to E. H. Young, Assistant Professor of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, and to D). V. Ragone and to C. W. Phillips, Assistant Professors of Metallurgical Engineering, for help and suggestions. ii

INTRODUCTION The information contained in this compilation serves to describe various processes of welding as applied to nickel, copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steels, stainless-clad steels, and carbon steels. This work is intended to serve as a reference manual for those responsible for the control of welding, especially of materials other than carbon steels. This report is intended to be used in conjunction with existing welding codes and is intended to serve as an interim statement of information of limited scope until such time as this information may be superseded by the issuance of addenda to existing codes. Information has been presented in this manual in the form of suggested specifications. The attempt has been made to summarize the knowledge available to the authors in a form which will permit the ready reference to the conclusions which the authors have reached after reviewing the material consulted in compiling this work. It is believed that a condensed form of presentation, such as that employed, will best serve the needs of those who wish to review suggestions made in concise form for the welding of those special materials considered in this manual. It should be emphasized that the presentation of the information contained herein in the form of specifications is not intended to convey the impression that the authors have sufficient information or wisdom to draw up a comprehensive code suitable for all users. Rather, it should be noted that the use of the specification form has been adopted in order to provide a brief, unnambiguous statement of the authors' opinions. The procedures described refer to manual welding by the acetylene, arc, heliarc, or sigmna processes applied to materials which in their unwelded condition meet the requirements of the guided bend tests described in the text. Procedures for welding carbon steels, although widely practiced with iii

respect to acetylene and arc methods, are included since the practice of heliarc or sigma welding upon these materials does not appear to be widely established. Procedures for welding nickel, copper, aluminum, and titanium alloys are suggested, and it is throught that other materials may be welded by the g;eneral procedures described when these procedures are adapted to the particular materials in question. Qualification procedures, tests, and classifications for welders are suggested in detail. Quality controls, inspection requirements, and weld tests are described in appropriate sections. A suggested division of responsibilities and obligations between a fabricator of equipment and the owner of the equipment are outlined in such a manner as to serve as an aid in planning and implementing welding work to be done in the fabrication of equipment or structures. iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Cl.00 WELDING, GENERAL 1.01 SCOPE 1 1. 10 LIMI TATIONS 2 1.20 WELDER' S QUALIFICATIONS 2 1.30 WELDER'S CERTIFICATE 4 1.40 IDENTIFICATION OF WELDER'S WORK 5 1.50 RECORDS 6 1.60 HANDLING AND STORAGE OF WELDING ROD 6 1.70 DEFINITIONS 7 C2.00 WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS 2.01 GENERAL 8 2,20 GENERAL WELDERS 9 2.21 CLASS 3 9 2.22 CLASS 2 10 2.23 CLASS 1 11 2 30 SHEET METAL WELDERS 12 2.31 CLASS 2 12 2.32 CLASS 1 12 2.40 PIPE WELDERS 13 2.41 CLASS 3 13 2.42 CLASS 2 14 2.43 CLASS 1 15 2.50 HELIARC WELDERS 15 2.51 C-ASS 3 15 2.52 CLASS 2 16 2.53 CLASS 1 17 C3oo0-C4.00 WELDING PROCEDURES 3.01 GENERAL WELDING PROCEDURES 19 3.30 CARBON STEEL 22 3.40 STAINLESS STEEL 24 3.6o NICKEL ALLOYS 31 3.80 "DURIMET 20" 34 3.90 ILLIUM ALLOY 35 4.00 COPPER ALLOYS 36 4.10o ALUMINUM ALLOYS 38 4.20 CLAD STEELS 40 4.30 TITANIUM 44

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd.) PAGE C5~00 QUALITY CONTROL 5.01 SCOPE 46 5.10 RIGHTS RESERVED TO THE OWNER 46 5.20 RESPONSIBILITIES OF FABRICATOR 47 5.30 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 47 5 40 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS 48 5.50 TESTS 49 c6.oo SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 6.01 GENERAL 50 6.02 ARC WELDING 50 6.03 GAS WELDING 51 C7.00 MISCELLANEOUS 7.01 APPENDIX - TABLE OF CONTENTS 52 BIBLIOGRAPHY vi

WELDING, GENERAL Cl.00 Cl. 00 WELDING, GENERAL 1. 01 SCOPE 1.02 Unless otherwise specified by the OWNER, all welding for fabrication or alteration of vessels shall be done in accordance with this specification. The FABRICATOR shall be responsible for the quality of welding done by his organization and shall conduct such tests as herein required. 1.03 C1.00 of this specification covers the general requirements for qualification of welders and the FABRICATOR'S responsibility. 1.04 C2.00 of this specification covers the qualification tests of welders for the welding of carbon steel shapes, plate, sheets, or pipe by Acetylene or Arc process, and the welding of High Alloy steel shapes, plate, sheets, or pipe by the Arc, Heliarc, Sigma or Acetylene Processes. 1.05 C3.00-C4.00 of specification covers the welding procedures to be followed in the shop and in the field for the welding of shapes, plates, sheets, pipe and tube by the various processes designated as appropriate for carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel and nickel alloys, "Durimet 20", illium, copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, clad steels, and titanium and titanium alloys. Where the term "Stainless Steel" is used in this specification, plate and sheet shall conform to ASTM designation A-167 Grade 6, latest revision, and pipe shall conform to ASTM designation A-312 Type 347, latest revision unless otherwise specified. 1.06 C5.00 of this specification covers quality control on the welding of carbon steel shapes, plate, sheets and pipe by the Acetylene or Arc processes and on the High Alloy steel shapes, plate, sheets and pipe by the Arc, Heliarc, Sigma, or Acetylene processes.

WELDING, GENERAL C1.00 (Cont'd.) 1.07 C6.oo of this specification describes some safety precautions applicable to the work described. 1.08 C7.00 of this specification covers miscellaneous items pertaining to this specification, such as sample forms, sketches of welder's tests and tables of general welding procedure. 1.10 LIMITATIONS 1.11 The procedures, as defined and described herein, are intended to apply to the manual application of the Acetylene, Arc, Heliare, or Sigma processes of welding and to the materials permitted under this specification which, in their unwelded condition, meet the requirements of the guided bend test. 1.12 Materials which are not covered in this specification, or which, in their unwelded condition, do not meet the requirements of the guided band test, may be welded provided special welding processes and test requiremnents are set up and approved in writing by the OWNER. 1.20 WELDER' S QUALIFICATIONS 1.21 All welding shall be done by welders properly qualified on the basis of the tests called for on C2.00 of this specification and in accordance with the procedures described in C3.00 and c4.00 of this specification. (See C5.00 for OWNER'S responsibility). 1.22 GENERAL WELDERS on work heavier than B.W.G. Number 10, but not over 3/4", shall be divided into three classes as follows: CLASS 1 - Qualified for Arc welding of High Alloy steels and Arc welding of GENERAL WELDER, CLASS 2. CLASS 2 - Qualified for all Acetylene and/or Arc welding, other than High Alloy steels, where test requirements

WELDING, GENERAL C1 00 (Cont' d.) as defined in C5.00 of this specification call for radiographing or other tests, in addition to visual inspection. CLASS 3 - Qualified for all Acetylene and/or Arc Welding, other than High Alloy steels, where test requirements as defined in C5.00 of this specification call for visual inspection only. 1.23 SHEET METAL WELDERS on work not heavier than B.W.G. Number 10 shall be divided into two classes as follows: CLASS I - Qualified for all Arc welding of High Alloy steels and/or Arc welding of SHEET METAL WELDER, CLASS 2. CLASS 2 - Qualified for all Acetylene and/or Arc welding other than High Alloy steels. 1.24 PIPE WELDERS shall be divided into three classes as follows: CLASS 1 - Qualified for Arc welding of High Alloy Steel piping and for Arc welding of PIPE WELDER, CLASS 2. CLASS 2 - Qualified for all Acetylene and/or Arc welding of piping, other than High Alloy steels in the process category or where test requirements as defined in C5.00 of this specification call for radiographing or other tests in addition to visual inspection. CLASS 3 - Qualified for all Acetylene and/or Arc welding of piping, other than High Alloy steels in the process category or where test requirements as defined in C5.00 of this specification call for visual inspection only.

WELDING, GENERAL Cl.00 (Cont'd.) 1.25 HELIARC WELIERS shall be considered as a separate type requiring special qualifications in addition to qualifications in CLASS 2, GENERAL or CLASS 2, PIPE welding and shall be designated as follows: CLASS 1 - Qualified for all Heliarc welding of High Alloy steel pipes, flats and shapes with a wall thickness of 0.216" or less. CLASS 2 - Qualified for all Heliarc welding of High Alloy steel pipes, flats and shapes with a wall thickness of over 0.216". CLASS 3 - Qualified for Heliarc welding of High Alloy steel pipe, flats and shapes where the resulting joint will not be required to be fluid tight or will not be required to be tested by means other than visual. NOTE: At no time shall it be permissible to assign a welder to work for which he is not properly certified. It shall be permissible to assign a welder to work of a lower class than that for which he is properly certified. 1.30 WELDER'S CERTIFICATE 1.31 Upon completion of the tests prescribed herein, each welder shall be provided with a certificate by the FABRICATOR and signed by the FABRICATO.R, certifying to the type and class of welding for which he has qualified. (Suggested form for certificate is shown in Appendix-Plate 2.) This certificate must be carried on the welderts person at all times while on the job site and must be presented for examination when requested to do so by authorized personnel. Certificates shall remain in effect indefinitely unless: (a) The welder is engaged continuously in a lower class of

WELDING, GENERAL C1o00 (Cont'd.) welding for a period of three months. In this case the certificate shall be suspended and a new certificate for the class of work he is then doing shall be issued. (b) Three welds made by any particular welder do not meet the inspection and test requirements as defined in C5.00 of this specification. In this case, the certificate is automatically revoked and the welder disqualified from further welding covered by this specification for a period designated by the OWNER. However, this period shall not be less than thirty (30) days. In the interim, he may, at the discretion of the OWNER, be certified for the next lower class of work. (c) There is some specific reason to question the welder's ability. In this case, the certificate shall be suspended and the welder required to requalify for the class of work in which he is presently engaged. Failure to requalify shall revoke the certificate and disqualify the welder from further welding unless he passes the test for another classification. This second classification must be lower than the one for which he was disqualified. 1.40 IDENTIFICATION OF WELDER'S WORK Each welder shall be assigned by the FABRICATOR an identifying symbol, which shall be metal stamped adjacent to welds which he makes, except pipe buried underground or in concrete shall not be stamped. In the case of seam welds, the stamp shall be adjacent to the weld at intervals of not more than three feet, but not on the side of the material exposed to process liquids.

WELDING, GENERAL Cl.00 (Cont'd.) 6 1.50 RECORDS 1.51 The FABRICATOR shall maintain a record of the welders employed by him, showing the date and results of tests and the identification assigned to him. These records shall be certified by the FABRICATOR and accessible to authorized personnel. Copies of these records as required shall be provided to the OWNER for his job record. A suggested form is shown in the Appendix-Plate 1. 1.60 HANDLING AND STORAGE OF WELDING ROD 1.61 Satisfactory weld metal is achieved by adjusting not only the wire composition, but also the alloying elements through the electrode coating. These coatings serve a dual purpose. They stabilize the arc and improve the properties of the weld metal. Moisture content, minerals, ferro alloys and binder are factors of the arc characteristics of the rod. Some coverings pick up moisture readily. In order to insure uniform and satisfactory performance of the rod, care shall be taken to: (a) Store all rods in a dry heated building. (b) Stack the containers in a cabinet or rack in such a manner that the manufacturer's specifications are easily read. (c) Leave the shipping containers sealed until ready to use the rod. (d) Keep rod free of dirt, moisture, grease and oil. (e) Keep rod in a tray and off the floor while using.

WELDING, GENERAL C1.O0 (Cont'd.) 1.70 DEFINITIONS 1.71 OWNER - OWNER or his authorized representative. FABRICATOR - Manufacturer or contractor doing fabrication or construction work for the OWNER. Acetylene - Oxygen Acetylene (welder, welding). Arc - Metallic Arc (welder, welding). Heliarc - The inert-gas shielded arc-welding process using Helium or Argon and non-consuming tungsten electrode. Heliarc is the registered trademark of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation. Equivalent processes are permissible at discretion of the OWNER. Sigma - Inert-gas metal arc-welding process using small diameter continuously fed, bare, consumable electrode protected from exposure to atmosphere by either of the two monatomic gases. Argon and Helium, or a mixture of the two. S.S. - Abbreviation for Stainless Steel. M.S. - Abbreviation for mild steel (Carbon Steel). ACHF - Alternating current high frequency. DCSP - Direct current straight polarity. DCRP - Direct current reverse polarity.

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 8 C2.00 WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS 2.01 GENERAL The following applies to all qualification tests2.02 Although stricter conditions must be observed if specified, the OWNER may reject any test if the weld: (a) Is not reasonably uniform in appearance. (b) Shows undercutting of 1/32" or over. (c) Has gas or slag pockets in evidence; except that very small gas pockets and specks of oxide or slag, well dispersed, may be disregarded. (d) Shows insufficient penetration. 2.03 Unless otherwise called for, test specimens shall be 1-1/2" wide and shall be selected as designated in the tests. (See Appendix-Plate 3.) 2.04 Test specimens shall have all welds machined or ground flush with the base metal, unless otherwise called for. Grinding shall be perpendicular to the direction of the weld. 2.05 Where radiographic examination is required, it shall be part otf the qualification procedure and must be passed before the welder is cer';ified. 2.06 Radiographs shall be submitted to the inspector for acceptance or rejection by comparison with a standard set of radiographs. 2.07 Where requested by the OWNER, test specimens may be subjected to the fluorescent penetrant (Zyglo) method of examination. 2.08 All bend tests shall be guided bend tests to 1800. 2.09 Where the guided bend test is required, the test jig shall conform to AWS Specification B 3.0, latest edition. (See Appendix-Plate 14.)

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd.) 9 2.10 For purposes of explanation, it is presumed that an applicant will not take tests on both Acetylene and Arc welding at the same time. 2.11 Separate test records will be made for Acetylene and Arc welding tests, and for each different type and class of welding, except for Class 2 and 3 if the test is for General or Pipe welders. Applicants may qualify on Acetylene welding only in Class 2 or 3 in the following types: General, Sheet Metal, or Pipe. 2.12 Test welds on S.S. should be made using 347 SCb or 304 ELC (.030C max.). 2.13 Voltage and amperage for each application are given in tables in the Appendix. 2.14 Jigs or clamps will be used as required, if available. Otherwise, tack weld as necessary. 2.20 GENERAL WELDERS This classification will cover the welding of sheet, plate, and shapes heavier than B.W.G. Number 10 (0.134"), but not over 3/4-inch. 2.21 CLASS 3 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for all Arc or Acetylene welding other than High Alloy steels, where test requirements as defined in C5.00 of this specification call for visual inspection only. (a) Butt Weld Test (Appendix-Plate 4). Three pairs of plates 6" by 5" by 3/8" in size, shall be welded together along their 6" sides in a fixed position.

WELDER'S Q.UALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd.) 10 SAMPLE 1) Axis of weld horizontal with plates in a horizontal plane. SAMPLE 2) Axis of weld vertical with plates in a vertical plane. SAMPLE 3) Axis of weld horizontal with plates in a horizontal plane and welded from the bottom side. Test coupons shall be selected as follows: Cut a strip 1" wide off the welded plates and discard it. Cut a second strip 1 1/2" wide as one test coupon. Cut a third strip 1" wide and discard it. Cut a fourth strip 1 1/2" wide as the second coupon and discard the remaining 1" strip. Coupons shall be given the guided bend test. One coupon from each welding position shall be bent 1800 from the root and one bent 1800 from the face. After bending, should a crack or other defect be present in the weld metal, or between the weld metal and the parent metal, which exceeds 1/8" measured in any direction, the test should be considered a failure. Cracks occurring at the edge of the coupon, not exceeding 1/8", shall be acceptable. Five of the six coupons must be acceptable. If the sixth coupon develops a crack of more than 1/8" and less than 1/2", but in the opinion of the OWNER, the crack is not caused by a serious fault in the welding technique, the welder will be considered to have passed this test. 2.22 CLASS 2 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for all Arc or Acetylene welding other than High Alloy steels where test requirements, as defined in C5.00 of this specification, call for mechanical tests in addition to visual inspection.

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd.) 11 (a) Butt Weld Test (Appendix-Plate 4.) Same as Butt Weld Test for Class 3 Welder. (b) Fillet Weld Test (Appendix-Plate 5.) Fillet weld along the 12" dimension a bar 3/8" by 2" by 12" to a bar 1/2" by 4" by 12". Half of the weld shall be made in a vertical position, the other half in the overhead position. Two test coupons shall be cut from each position welded. One coupon from each welding position shall be nitric acid etched and examined for cracks, slag pockets, porosity and lack of penetration. The total length of all defects in the cross section of the weld shall not exceed 1/32 inch. One coupon from each welding position shall be broken through the throat of the weld and examined for lack of penetration, porosity, slag, gas pockets and cold laps. The total length of all defects in either fractured surface of the weld shall not exceed 3/16". 2.23 CLASS 1 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for all Arc welding of High Alloy steel plate and shapes. (a) Required to have qualified for GENERAL WELDER, ARC, CLASS 2. (b) Butt Weld Test Appendix-Plate 4. Same as Class 2 Welder except using S.S. In addition, one coupon from each weld sample should be sent to the OWNER for testing for corrosion resistance. (c) Fillet Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 5. Same as Class 2 Welder except using S.S. In addition, one coupon from each weld sample should be sent to the OWNER for testing for corrosion resistance.

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd. ) 12 2.30 SHEET METAL WELDERS This classification will cover the welding of materials of B.W.G. Number 10 (0.034") or lighter. 2.31 CLASS 2 - Appendix-Plate 6. The following test is intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for all welding, other than High Alloy steels. The welder shall fabricate from 10 B.W.G. sheet metal, a rectangular tank 5" long, 3" wide and 2 1/2" deep. One side of the tank will have been prepared in advance with a 1/4" hole. To this hole shall be welded a 1/4" by 2" pipe. For visual acceptance, the OWNER shall require the welder to secure the following results: (a) The base metal is in a fused state when the filler metal makes contact with it. (b) The weld metal has not fallen through. After visual acceptance by the OWNER, the tank shall be given a leak test. The tank shall be subjected to five ponds per square inch air pressure and then submerged in water. Liquid soap may; be used instead of water to detect leaks. Any leak shall be considered a failure of the test. 2.32 CLASS 1 - Appendix-Plate 6. The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for all arc welding of High Alloy steels. (a) Required to have qualified for SHEET METAL WELDER, ARC CLASS 2. (b) Fabricate from 20 gage S.S. sheet, a rectangular tank 5" long, 3" wide and 2 1/2" deep. One side of the tank will

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd.) 13 have been prepared in advance with a 1/4" hole. To this hole shall be welded a 1/4" x 2" pipe. For visual acceptance, the OWNER shall require the welder to secure the same results as for Class 2 and shall be given the same leak test. In addition, the box, after visual inspection and the leak test, shall be submitted to the OWNER for corrosion resistance test. 2.40 PIPE WELDERS 2.41 CLASS 3 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for all welding of piping other than High Alloy steels, in the non-process category, or where test requirements, as defined in C5.00 of this specification, call for visual inspection. (a) Butt Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 7. Two pairs of 6-inch lengths of Schedule 40 Carbon Steel pipe, 6 or 8 inches in diameter shall be welded together in a fixed position. One weld shall be made in each of the following positions: SAMPLE 1) Axis of the pipe in a horizontal position with the welding groove in a vertical plane. (The pipe shall not be rolled or turned during welding.) SAMPLE 2) Axis of pipe in a vertical position with the welding groove in a horizontal plane. Test specimens shall be selected as follows: (1) From Sample (1) one specimen shall be removed from the top, bottom and side quandrants, at approximately 900 to each other.

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd.) 14 Specimens shall be given the guided bend test. Specimens from the top and one side shall be bent 180o from the root, and specimens from the bottom and other side shall be bent 1800 from the face. After bending, should a crack or other defect be present in the weld metal, or between the weld metal and the parent metal, which exceeds 1/8" measured in any direction, the test shall be considered a failure. Cracks occurring at the edge of the specimen not exceeding 1/8", shall be acceptable. Three of the four specimens must be acceptable. (2) From Sample (2) - two test specimens shall be removed at approximately 900 from each other. Specimens shall be given the guided bend test. Specimen from the top shall be bent 1800 from the root and specimen from the side shall be bent 1800 from the face. One coupon must be acceptable. (3) If the test specimens are passed by the OWNER, then one additional specimen shall be cut from each welding position which shall then be examined by radiograph. 2.42 CLASS 2 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for all welding of piping, other than High Alloy steels, in the process category, or where test requirements as defined in C5.00 of this specification, call for radiographic examination or other tests in addition to visual inspection.

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'c. ) 15 (a) Butt Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 7. The Butt Weld tests will be the same as that for PIPE WIELDER, CLASS 3, except that all weld coupons must be acceptable. 2.43 CLASS 1 The following tests are intended to test a welder's -proficiency in qualifying for all Arc welding of High Alloy steel piping. (a) Required to have qualified for PIPE WELDER, ARC, CLASS 2. In addition, one specimen shall be submitted to the OVWnER for corrosion resistance test. (b) Butt Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 8 The Butt Weld test shall be the same as for Class 2, except that 3/4" and 2" Schedule 4C0 S3S. pipe shall be welded and test specimen shaill be 3/4" wide. In addition, two specimens shall be submitted to the OWNER for corrosion resistance test. 2.50 HELIARC WIELDERS l) Prepare a weld so that there is no clearance between lands to fill, or as nearly so as possible. 2) First pass use no filler. Use as many filler passes as necessa-y. Filler passes may not be necessary for some thin materials. 2.51 CLASS 3 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for the Heliarc process for welding High Alloy steel pipe, flats, and shapes with a wall thickness of between 0.134" and 1/2" where said welding WILL NOT to reured be pressure tight in the process category aned wl only be subject to visual inspection.

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd.) 16 (a) Required to have qualified for GENERAL WELDER, ARC, CLASS 2. (b) Butt Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 4. Same as for GENERAL WELDER, ARC, CLASS 3, except: (1) material will be Stainless Steel. (2) process will be Heliarc. (c) Fillet Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 9. Fillet weld a 5" square collar of B.W.G. Number 10 S.S. to center of a 6" length of 3" pipe, Schedule 40 S.S. on top side only. Inspect visually for reasonably smooth surface, undercutting and uniformity, top and bottom. 2.52 CLASS 2 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for the Heliarc process for welding High Alloy steel pipe, flats and shapes having a wall thickness over 0.216"; piping being part of process category and/or where test requirements, as defined in C5.00 of this specification, call for tests in addition to visual inspections. (a) Required to have qualified for PIPE WELDERS, ARC, CLASS 2. (b) Butt Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 7. Same as for PIPE WELDER, ARC, CLASS 2, except pipe will be S,S. of nominal diameter of 3" or more with a wall thickness to be about 0.375". (c) Saddle Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 10. Weld a 6" length of 3"t pipe, Schedule 40 S3S., to the center of a 12"'t length of 5" pipe, Schedule 40, S.S. Axis of 5" pipe will be vertical and the axis of the 3" pipe will be horizontal.

WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd,) 17 The pipe will be cut along the plane in which axis of both legs lie. Nitric-acid-etch one half and examine for cracks, slag pockets, porosity and lack of penetration. The maximum length of any defect in the cross section of the weld will be 1/32". 2.53 CLASS 1 The following tests are intended to test a welder's proficiency in qualifying for the Heliarc process for welding High Alloy steel pipe, flats and shapes. These requirements apply to piping having a wall thickness less than 0.216", or to piping being part of the process category, and/or where test requirements as defined in C5.00 of this specification call for tests in addition to visual inspection. (a) Required to have qualified for PIPE WELDER, ARC, CLASS 2. (b) Butt Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 11. One pair 1/2" Schedule 40 S.S. pipe and one pair of 2" Schedule 41 S.S. pipe, in 6" lengths, shall be butt welded together. Pipe will be held in a fixed position, axis of pipe horizontal, The 1/2" pipe will be cut lengthwise for two specimens.- Four specimens, 3/4" wide, will be cut from the 2" pipe at 90~ to each other. One specimen from each pipe will be nitric-acid-etched and examined for cracks, slag pockets, porosity and lack of penetration. The maximum length of any defect in the cross section of the weld will be 1/32", The second specimen from the 2" pipe shall be given the Root bend test. The maximum length of any crack or other defect in the weld or between the weld and base metal will be 1/8". If above tests are passed by the OWNER, then one specimen from each pipe shall be radiographed. A sufficient number of radiographs will be taken to examine the specimen completely.

WELDER'S-QUALIFICATION TESTS C2.00 (Cont'd,) 18 If the radiographic test is passed, then the last specimen from the 2" pipe will be submitted to the OWNER for the corrosion test. (c) Saddle Weld Test - Appendix-Plate 11. Saddle weld a 1/2" pipe, Schedule 40 S.S., to a 2" pipe, Schedule 40 S.S. Hold pipes in a fixed position, the 1/2" pipe vertical and the 2" pipe horizontal. Cut pipe along the plane in which the axis of both legs lie. Nitric-acid-etch one half and examine for cracks, slag pockets, porosity and lack of penetration. The maximum allowable length of any defect in the cross section of the weld shall be 1/32".

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-Cl. 00 19 C3oo00-C4oo0 WELDING PROCEDURES 3.01 GENERAL WELDING PROCEDURES 3.02 Position work for flat welding wherever possible. 3.03 The sequence of welding shall be adjusted to minimum distortion, and hot tearing. The OWNER may at any time prescribe the particular sequence. 3.04 A back step or wandering sequence shall be used when necessary, or when directed by the OWNER. 3.05 Welding shall not be done when surfaces to be welded are wet, or during periods of high winds, unless the work and the welder are properly protected. 3.06 The metal surfaces shall be cleaned of all scale, oxide, oil, grease, or other foreign materials to a distance not less than 1/2" from the weld edge. 3007 No bevel or groove is required for butt welds on material 3/32" thick or less, excepting material to be welded by the Heliarc process. 3.08 All parts to be welded shall be securely held in correct relative position by jigs, clamps, wedges or other suitable devices, or by tack welds. Such devices shall remain in place until the work has cooled to room temperature. Tack welds shall be sufficient in number to prevent distortion. (Ref. Plate 12). 3.09 The welding current shall conform to both voltage and amperage and polarity for DC, as recommended by the manufacturer of the electrode being used. 3.10 The maximum size of the electrode for the first pass for all joints shall be 1/8" diameter to insure full penetration. Subsequent passes shall be

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.oo00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 20 made with the largest diameter electrode possible, as limited by (1) good welding practice, (2) ability of welder, and (3) capacity of equipment. 3.11 Maximum size of fillet weld that may be made in one pass is 5/16". 3.12 On circumferential welds (pipes and vessels), the starting and completing tie of each pass will overlap and each tie will be staggered from the tie of the previous pass. 3.13 At no time shall the arc strike on the base metal, except for the first pass. After every interruption of the arc, except at the completion of a pass, the arc shall be restarted ahead of the previous deposit and then moved back to fill the crater. An alternate technique shall be used that will equally insure complete filling of the crater, complete fusion between the old and the new deposits and the base metal at the point of junction and complete resultant continuity of weld. 3.14 Before welding over previously deposited weld metal, all traces of slag shall be removed from the deposit, by chipping, if necessary and the deposit and adjoining base metal shall be wire-brushed until clean at all points. This requirement shall apply not only to successive beads, but to overlapping areas wherever a junction is made on restarting a bead. 3.15 When welding plates or shapes of unequal thickness, the arc shall be directed in such manner that both pieces being welded are heated equally. 3.16 Tack welds, if used, shall be of the same quality and made by the same procedure as the completed weld. They shall be made by the same class welder. 3017 Cracks or slag holes that appear on the surface of any bead shall be removed by chipping or grinding before depositing the next successive

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.oo00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 21 bead. Gas gouging shall not be used. Peening is also unacceptable. Holes or depressions in the last bead made by grinding, or chipping, will be filled to finish weld. 3.18 In multilayer welding, the several layers may be made successively, completing each layer before starting the next, or may be made by the "step" method. When the "step" method is employed, the length of each step need only be sufficient to provide a solid foundation of weld metal for the superimposed layer, except that if annealing of the underlying layers is desired, the length of each step shall be sufficient so that the starting end thereof will cool to at least a black heat before metal is deposited thereon. 3.19 All welded pipe joints shall have complete penetration to underside of weld with the absence of crevices. For this reason, a butt weld preparation is specified throughout, rather than socket preparation. Only in special cases, noted on drawings, are socket welds permitted. 3,20 Reinforcement of welds shall not be less than 1/32-inch or more than 1/16-inch. Reinforcement shall be free from depressions below the surface of the pipe. 3.21 Butt welds shall have finish bead width approximately 1/16 on each side of bevel. 3.22 All fillet welds will have 15% more design strength than smallest cross section of parent parts adjacent to joint. 3.23 In the case of piping, the welds shall be flush with inside of pipe. An even underhand thickness of 1/16-inch is allowed where grinding is not possible. 3.24 If doubts exist as to the nature of the joint or its preparation, the OWNER shall be consulted.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 22 3.25 Do not grind or sand a smooth, flat surface on a completed weld, unless called for on drawing or by the OWNER. 3.30 CARBON STEEL 3.31 Scope This specification is intended to define the general procedure to be followed for the manual and automatic welding of Carbon Steel shapes, sheets, plate or pipe, of all thicknesses, by the Arc, or Acetylene processes. 3-32 Filler Metal (a) Arc Welding All Arc welding electrodes shall conform to the requirements of the ASTM Serial Designation A233, latest revision Electrodes shall be of Classification Number 60, suitable for the positions of welding and other conditions of intended use. (b) Acetylene Welding All Acetylene welding rods shall conform to Classification GA-65 of ASTM 251 for iron and steel gas-welding rods. 3.33 Preparation of Base Metal The work to be welded shall be accurately cut to size and shape by machining or shearing, or by flame cutting. If flame cutting is used, the edges cut shall be uniform and be cleaned from all scale, oxidation and slag accumulations. Edges of material with a wall thickness greater than 3/32" prepared for butt welding shall be beveled at 37 1/20 v 2 1/20, leaving a 1/16-inch land at the bottom of the welding edge. Beveling of pipe shall preferably be done by machine.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.OO-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 23 A steel wire brush may be used for removing light rust and scale, but for heavy scale, slag, etc., a grinder, chisel, air hammer, or other suitable tool shall be used to obtain a bright, clean finish. 3.34 Fitting Up - Appendix-Platen 23 The edges of material at the joint shall be positioned as described below and in no case shall the edges be offset from each other at any point in excess of one quarter of the thickness of the thinnest section involved in the weld. Shapes and Plate (a) All parts to be joined by fillet welds shall be brought into as close a contact as practical. (b) The separation between facing surfaces of lap joints and butt joints, landing on a backing structure, should not exceed 1/16". (c) The space between edges in a butt joint should not exceed 3/32". Piping (a) All butt welds on pipe with wall thickness of.125, or lighter, shall be by Acetylene process. The space between edges in butt joints shall be 1/16" E 1/32"o (b) Saddle welds shall be fitted up the same as butt welds. (c) Welding neck flanges shall be fitted up the same as butt welds. (d) Slip-on flanges shall have space from face of flange to end of pipe for fillet bead equal to thickness of pipe wall.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 24 3.40 STAINLESS STEEL - ARC 3.41 Scope This specification is intended to define the general procedures to be followed for the manual and automatic welding of stainless steel shapes, sheets, or plates of all thicknesses, or pipe heavier than 2" Schedule 40 by the arc or smnia processes. On pipe lighter than 2" Schedule 40 weld the first pass by means of inert arc welding with gas backing, and the remainder of the weld may be finished with metallic arc. The inert-arc first-pass-technique may be used for all thicknesses of pipe. These methods may be used for other stainless steel welding if approved by the OWNER. 3.42 Base Metal Unless otherwise called for, the base metal shall conform to AS!4~ A-167, latest revision, for plate or sheet; to ASTM A-312, latest revision, for pipe, and to ASTM A-269, latest revision, for tube. 3.43 Filler Metal On welding 347 or 304 ELC (.030 C Max.) S.S. the balanced electrode shall be used. This has a balanced 2 to 1 ratio, i.e., 19% Cr. and 9 1/2% Ni. (when using 19% Cr. rod with 10% or higher Ni, cracking is likely to occur). The electric arc rod comes in two coatings which are lime or titanium oxide. On stainless steel, 347 SCb, titanium oxide-coated rod shall be used except for vertical down; lime-coated rod may be used in any position. When welding 321 S.S., use 347 rod. (The titanium in 321 rod will oxidize out and not cross from electrode into the weld. Titanium will cross from the electrode to the weld in the Heliarc and Sigma processes).

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.oo00 (Cont'd.) 25 Columbium stabilized 316 S.S. welding rod may be used for 304, 316, 317, and 321 stainless steels. Do not use 347 for 316 stainless steel. Do not use 308 for 316 stainless steel. 3,44 Fitting Up - Appendix-Plate 13 The edges of mnaterial at the joint shall be positioned as described below and, in no case shall the edges be offset from each other at any point in excess of one quarter of the thickness of the thinner material at the joint, for general welding, or one fifth of the thickness of the wall at the joint for piping. Shapes and Plate (a) All parts to be joined by fillet welds shall be brought into as close contact as practical. (b) The separation between facing surfaces of lap joints and butt joints, landing on a backing structure, shall not exceed 1/16". (c) For wall thickness up to 3/32", square the edge for a square butt weld. (d) For wall thickness over 3/32" and to 1/4", bevel edge 300 and leave a 1/16" to 3/32" land at the bottom. (e) For wall thickness over 1/4", use a "U"t groove with 1/16" to 3/32" land, 3/16" to 5/16" radius and 200 taper sides. Adjust land and radius to size electrode being used. NOTE: To prevent carbide precipitation during welding operation, a continuous water quench for heavy gage and air for light gage is advisable. When continuous quenching is not

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.0O-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 26 possible, a wet rag may be used. If a step sequence is used, leave enough heat in the metal to vaporize all the water in order to prevent the porosity which will otherwise form in the pocket where welding ceased. Chill bars may be used without quenching, if approved by the OWNER. 3.45 STAINLESS STEEL HELIARC 3.46 Scope This specification is intended to define the general procedure to be followed for the manual welding of S.S. plate, shapes and pipe by the Heliarc process. The process described herein is for Argon gas, but Helium may be used as a shielding gas. 3.47 Base Metal Unless otherwise shown on drawings, the base metal shall be ASTM A-167, latest revision, plate or sheet, ASTI A-269, TP-347, latest revision, tube and ASTN A-312, latest revision, pipe. 3.48 Equipment The equipment required for Heliarc welding includes the following: (a) An inert-gas shielded-arc welding electrode holder, which must have a water supply of 30 to 50 psi available for cooling. Approximately one pint of water per minute shall be used. High frequency superimposed current must be employed so that arc may be started without touching tungsten electrode to parent or weld metal. The arc shall be struck on a copper strip adjacent to weld.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 27 (b) A standard AC or DC welding machine is used, depending upon whether AC or DC current is required for the particular type of welding. In the case of a DC machine, a separate voltage control is necessary. The AC machine must be of sufficient capacity so that it can normally be run at only 70% rated capacity. (c) Argon tanks with suitable flow meters and pressure gages are needed. When the pressure on the tank is below 10 psig., it must be replaced. (d) A suitable supply of cooling water is needed. 3.49 Preparation of Base Metal - Appendix-Plate 13 The work to be welded shall be accurately cut to size or shape by machining or by powder or by air arc cutting methods approved by the OWNER. When powder or air arc cutting is used, stock-removal of 1/32" minimum by filing or grinding shall be required. Edges prepared for butt welding must be beveled at 22 1/20 angle, leaving a 1/16" (+ 1/64", - ot) land on the bottom of the welding edge. Beveling shall be done by machining, except in the case of thin sections, which may be beveled with a file or grinder. No bevel is required on 16 B.W.G. or lighter. Edges prepared for a saddle weld must be prepared to fit closely together and have slightly beveled edges forming a slight groove and land. Welding neck flanges shall be prepared the same as for butt welding of pipe. Preparation of Base Metal - Appendix-Plate 13 Only stainless steel wire brushes shall be used on stainless steel surfaces. Care must be exercised at all times when grinding not to raise the temperature above 850~ F. where

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 28 carbide precipitation takes place rapidly. Machine cutting is preferred, air arc second, powder cutting third. 3.50 Fitting Up - Appendix-Plate 13 (a) Butt Welds The welding edges shall be butted together so that the lands are touching and the beveled edges form a groove. No clearance between the lands is allowed. If the pieces cannot be held by alignment fixtures, tack welds may be made along the groove. (b) Fillet Welds The pieces to be welded shall be closely fitted together and held in position by jigs and clamps or by tack welding. (c) Saddle Welds The pieces to be welded shall be fitted up the same as for butt welds. (d) Welding Neck Flanges The pieces to be welded shall be fitted up the same as for butt welds. In fitting up, edges to be welded must be properly butted together so that there is no necessity for bridging any gaps with the weld. 3.51 Specific Welding Requirements NOTE: For any special requirements, consult the instruction manuals published by the manufacturers of the inert gas welding equipment.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd. ) 29 (a) Electrodes - Table 3 In order to produce a stable arc, the electrode should be out of the cup approximately 1/8" to 3/16". The distance from metal must be closely controlled by the operator to insure a steady stable arc. Care must be taken that the electrode does not touch the metal. If it does touch the metal, tungsten is usually included in the weld and must be ground ou-t. Also a ball of tungsten alloy will form on the end of the electrode. This must be broken off and the electrode resharpened. (b) Filler Rod - Tables 2 and 3 The filler rod shall be bare. The stainless steel filler metal shall conform to Classification E-347, AS'IM Designation 298, latest revision. Stainless steel filler rods shall have the ends marked yellow (primary) with a blue band or spot (secondary). Where base metals not specified above are to be welded, the OWNER shall specify the type of welding rod to be used. (c) Striking the Arc The arc shall be struck between the electrode and a piece of copper plate located adjacent to the weld. (d) Purging The inside of the pipe shall be purged with Argon gas. The rate of Argon flow shall be sufficient to create a shield of inert gas around the molten metal as the lands are fused together. Argon gas shall be introduced at the lowest point in the pipe since it is heavier than air and will force air out of the high points of the system. At the start of purging, higher rates of Argon flow may be used for a few minutes. (e) Welding The minimum number of passes in pipe welded in any position shall be one (1) pass for each 1/8" of wall thickness. The first pass shall be

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.oo (Cont' d.) 30 made with a slight weaving motion of the arc using no filler rod. The operator must control the speed of welding to secure complete penetration, and at the same time to insure that the underhang in the interior of pipe (that cannot be ground) does not exceed 1/16". The underhang shall be the absolute minimum obtainable with complete penetration. Purging shall be used during all passes. In additional passes, filler rod shall be used. The arc shall be moved diagonally back and forth across the groove. The filler rod shall be dipped in the previous puddle with an intermittent motion so that the molten metal will form puddles in the groove and overlap the base metal presenting a convex bead along the weld. In order that oxidation cannot occur on the filler rod, it must not be pulled out of the inert atmosphere during the operation. Th.e last pass will be made without filler rod, using a weaving motion, to finish weld to a relatively smooth surface. If chill bars are impractical because of the design, or water quench cannot be used, a wet rag may be used for cooling. After welding a few inches, the wet rag may be applied; sufficient heat should be left in the metal to vaporize all the water, otherwise porosity will form in the pocket where welding ceased. Preventing carbide precipitation which occurs between 8500 F. and 16000 F. is very important. Maximum allowable time at this range is one (1) minute for type 304 S.S. and seven (7) minutes for type 347 S.S. SCb. (f) Stopping the Arc To stop the arc, the rate of travel shall be increased along the unwelded portion of the groove and the electrode quickly broken away by pulling it from the work. Incorrect breaking of the arc will cause burning of the weld.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 32 (g) First Pass Welds All first pass welds shall be made without filler rod. 3.60 NICKEL ALLOYS 3.61 Scope This specification is intended to define the general procedures to be followed for the manual welding of Nickel Alloy plates, shapes, or pipe; by the Arc or Heliarc welding process. In general, the welding processes used for carbon steels are applicable, with slight modifications, to Monel, Inconel, and other related alloys. 3.62 Base Metal Specifications for Nickel Alloys are as given by International Nickel Company, Inc. 3.63 Equipment (a) Arc Welding Equipment for arc welding of Nickel Alloys is standard equipmnent, as used for carbon steels. (b) Heliarc Welding Equipment for the Heliarc welding of Nickel Alloys is identical to that used for welding S.S. as given in 3.48 of this section. (c) Acetylene Welding Equipment for Acetylene welding of Nickel Alloys is standard with special fluxes. 3.64 Surface Preparation All foreign material shall be removed for a minimum of 2" from the edge of the weld. The cleaned area shall extend beyond where the heat of

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-04.00 (Cont'd.) 32 the weld will penetrate. When repairing or adding to existing piping, it may be necessary to cut through the pipe to clean the inside. To insure satisfactory welding, it is necessary to remove the thin oxide film from the imnmediate vicinity of the area to be welded. This can be done by such mechanical methods as machining, grit blasting, grinding, rubbing by hand with emery cloth, or by chemical treatment. This need for oxide removal prior to welding is due primarily to the dissimilarity of melting points of the base metal and the oxide. Oil, grease, or shop dirt containing sulphur shall be removed by scrubbing with trichlorethylene or equivalent solvent. If lead or a sulphur is present in paint, it shall be removed with a paint solvent remover or by rubbing with abrasives. Polishing and/or grinding are often necessary'o remove imbedded material, such as causti-cs. 3.65 Joint Preparation - Appendix-Table 5 The work to be welded shall be accurately cut-to size and shape by machining or powder cutting methods approved by the OWNER. When powder cutting is used, a minimum of 1/32" shall be removed by filing or grinding. Care shall be exercised that all burned and heat affected material. is removed from the joint. Material up to 0.109" thick may be welded with a syqcare butt joint. For material up to 3/8" thick, the edge shall be beveled at 400, leaving a 1/16" land. For material up to 3/4", a 150 side angle with a 5/16" radius bottom and a 1/8" land shall be used. Deep penetration and the necessarily attendant high heat input should be avoided as much as possible.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 pont'd.) 33 3.66 Filler Rod - Appendix-Table 2 See Table 2 for proper rod for Arc or Heliarc welding. Only 1/8" diameter or larger, 132 Inconel rod, may be used with the AC Arc welding process. 3.67 Fitting Up - Appendix-Table 5 See Table 5 for space between lands for Arc welding. For Heliare welding, butt lands tight together. Use jigs and clamps if available, otherwise tack weld as necessary. 3.68 Preheating in general, preheating is neither required nor recommended but, if the air temperatux'e is at or below freezing, preheat to 700 F. 3r "6" on both sides of joint. 3.69 Arbc Welding Use DC with reversed polarity, except that when using 1/8" diameter or larger 132 Inconel rod, AC transformer equipment may be used. T.he weld metal does not; spread, as in welding steel, but muslt be placed wvl'e required, which makes it necessary to weave the electrode slightly. In other respects, Are welding of Nickel Alloy is essenr-tially t~-he same as for steel. 3.70 Heliarc Welding Helitm is preferred to Argon as it (1) produzces a, sozuder weld, and (2) permits higher welding speed. However, Argon is preferred for small parts and thin sections as it permits lower Arc voltage and, therefore, lower heat input.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 34 Direct current, straight polarity is recommended for manual welding. A high frequency current should be super-imposed on the regular DC current for starting purposes. Heliarc welding of Nickel Alloy is otherwise essentially the same as for stainless steel. For complete instructions, consult "Technical Bulletin T-2" published by the International Nickel Company, Inc. 3.71 Acetylene Welding In general, the Acetylene process will be found to be best suited to the welding of pipe or tubing less than 2" in diameter, regardless of wall thickness and for tubing with a wall thickness less than 1/8", regardless of diameter. For complete instructions, consult "Technical Bulletin T-2" published by the International Nickel Company, Inc. 3.80 "DURIMET 20" Available information on welding of "Durimet 20" is incomplete at this time, but a manufacturer of it has made the following recommendations: 3.81 Use a single "Vt" groove for 100% penetration where the other side of the joint is inaccessible for grinding. 3.82 Use the metallic Arc welding process. 3.83 Use a double "V" joint where both sides of the joint are accessible for welding and grinding. 3.84 Use a very sharp edge at the bottom of the groove. 3.85 S = 1/42" (space between abutting edges). See Plate 13. 3.86 Use a 1/16" diameter rod for all first passes. Never use larger than 1/8" diameter rod for succeeding passes. 3.87 Avoid puddling of weld.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 35 3.88 Heat treatment: heat to 20500 F. and quench with water. 3.90 ILLIUM ALLOY Insufficient information is available at present to permit specifying a procedure, but the manufacturer has made the following recommendations: 3.91 Use a double "V" groove with 1/16" maximum land. 3.92 Preheating is usually unnecessary where the pieces are rigidly clamped together. When this is not possible, heating to approximately 14000 F. (bright red heat) is recommended. Preheating in furnace permitting carburization is not recommended. 3.93 Build up total depth of weld in one pass where possible. When multiple passes are necessary, all slag must be chipped and brushed away and each succeeding layer must fuse deep enough into the preceding layer to float out all oxides and impurities. 3o94 When joining long sections, weld short sections at intervals. 3.95 When welding tubular sections, tack weld and progressively weld circumference. 3.96 Metallic Arc Welding Metallic arc welding is recommended for most general welding work. The following items should be noted: Use heavily coated electrode. Use reversed polarity direct current. Maintain shortest possible arc. Good results have been obtained with 45 to 50 volts, 80 to 90 amps. and a 1/8" electrode.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd. ) 36 3.97 Oxy-Acetylene Welding Gas welding may be used for welding illium if the following precautions are observed. Use a slightly reducing flame. Use cast iron type flux, low in boron. Use tip one size larger than for comparable welding of steel. Use illium "G" alloy filler rod. Point filler rod at completed weld at 450 angle. In completing weld, remove flame slowly to permit progressive solidification from bottom. 4.00 COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS 4.01 Scope This specification is intended to define the general procedures to be followed for the manual welding of Copper and Copper Alloy plates, shapes, or pipe; by the Arc or Acetylene welding process. 4.02 Base Metal Unless otherwise called for, the base metal shall conform to AS7A B-248, latest revision, plate or sheet, and AS1f4 B-251, latest revision, pipe or tube. Welding of oxygen-bearing copper is not recommended. 4.03 Filler Metal - Appendix-Table 10 Brass alloys should be welded with aluminum bronze filler rods when maximum properties are required and with phosphor bronze filler rods when lower strengths are acceptable. Copper-silicon alloys may be welded with either silicon bronze or phosphor bronze filler rods. Copper-tin

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 37 alloys may be welded with phos-bronze filler rods. Copper-aluminum alloys should be welded with aluminum bronze filler rods of equivalent composition. Copper-nickel alloys should be welded with cupro-nickel filler rods of like composition. Copper-beryllium alloys should be welded with coated beryllium copper filler rods containing 1.1% nickel and 2.5% beryllium. Filler rods shall conform to ASTI B-259, latest revision. Metal arc-welding electrodes shall conform to AS5T B-225, latest revision. 4.04 Joint Preparation - Appendix-Tables 6, 7, 8, 9 Copper alloys under 3/16" may be square butted, generally. For brass over 3/16", use 45~ single or double vee. For silicon bronze over 3/166", use 450 single or double vee for carbon arc and 600 single or double vee for metal arc. For aluminum bronze between 5/32" and 3/8", use 600 single vee; over 3/8"1, use 750 double vee. Generally, backing strips of the same composition as the base metal are used, although copper, carbon, or asbestos, are satisfactory with most alloys. 4105 Preheating - Appendix-Table 10 Preheating temperatures vary greatly, depending on alloy content. The following are intended only as general indicators: Deoxidized copper (lower temperatures with heavier section) 8000 - 1400~ F. Brass (higher temperatures with increasing zinc content) 400~ - 7000 F. Silicon bronze 1500 F. maximum Phosphor bronze 300~ - 400~ F. Aluminum bronze (higher temperatures with increasing aluminum content) 400~ - 8000~ F.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 38 Cupro-nickel 1500 F. maximum Beryllium copper 6000 - 700~ F. 4.o6 Post Heat-Treatment In general, only the highest strength copper alloys are heattreated. High alloy aluminum bronzes are annealed at 11500 F. and rapidly air-cooled. Beryllium copper is annealed at 14500 F., water-quenched, and drawn at 6000 F. 4.10 ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS 4.11 Scope This specification is intended to define the general procedures'to be followed for the manual welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy plates, shapes, or pipe by the gas or arc welding processes. 4.12 Base Metal Unless otherwise called for, the base metal shall conform to ASTM B-209, latest revision, plate or sheet; AS1hI B-241, latest revision, pipe; ASTM B-210, or ASTM B-235, latest revision, tube. 4.13 Filler Metal - Appendix-Tables 11, 12, 13, 14 The filler metal should usually be the same composition as the base metal. For applications where corrosion-resistance is important, a very careful selection of filler rod is essential to correct for alloy loss during welding. The magnitude of the loss is dependent on the process used, flux composition and speed of welding. In general, there will be small losses (5-10%) of copper and silicon and larger losses (15-30%) of magnesium and zinc.

WELDING PROCEDLTRES C3.00-C4.00 (cont'd.) 39 When corrosion and color matching is not a problem, a 5% silicon aluminum rod may be used. Metal arc-welding electrodes shall conform to ASTM B-184, latest revision. 4.14. Joint Preparation - Appendix-Table 11 All foreign substances must be removed from the welding area. For inert gas are-welding, the oxide film must be removed by abrasive cleaning or acid dip*. For other welding processes, the flux employed is sufficient for oxide removal. It is essential to design joints so that all flux and oxide may be remuoved (or permanently sealed for lap joints) after weldnig.g T. e.esence of flux near the weld will seriously impair the corrosion es.e of the weldment. Inert-gas are-welding is recommended for difficilt-toclean weldLments. Material under 0.081" should be welded only by the gas-weld-ing or inert-gas ar-lwel3ding process. Welding of sheets under 0.040" is not re.onfmended. Grooved backing strips are recommended for flat work. 4.15 Preheating Preheating is recommended for all weldments over 1/32" section. Preheat tenmperatures vary from 2500 F. for very light material to 6000 F. for heavy sections to be joined to smaller components. *Sulfuric acid following a caustic etch is preferred to nitric acid.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 40 4.16 Post-Welding Treatments All the high-strength aluminum alloys require heat-treating to recover maximum properties. A solution-anneal (8900 to 9700 F.) followed by water-or-air-quenching and sometimes by low-temperature aging (2000 to 2500 F.) restores good strength and corrosion-resistance. It is essential that all flux be removed after welding. Immersion in boiling water and scrubbing with a fiber brush is often satisfactory. When joints are inaccessible from both sides, one of the following acid dips may be employed: 10% sulfuric acid - room temperature - 30 minutes. 5% sulfuric acid - 1500 F. - 5 to 10 minutes. 10% nitric acid - room temperature - 10 to 20 minutes. The efficiency of the cleaning operation shall be checked by the following method: Apply distilled water to joint. Allow two minutes solution time. Collect one drop. Place in 10% silver nitrate solution. White precipitate indicates halide ion from flux. 4.20 CLAD STEELS 4.21 Scope This specification is intended to define the general procedures to be followed for the manual or automatic welding of Alloy Clad Steel plate, sheet, or strip, by the inert-gas arc-welding process.

WEI)DING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 fCont'do, 41 4.22 Base Metal Unless otherwise called for, the base metal shall conform to ASW A-263, latest revision, chromium steel clad: AS'4 A-264, latest revision, chromium-nickel steel clad: ASTM A-265, latest revision, nickel and nickelbase alloy clad. 4.23 Filler Metal - Appendix-Table 15 In cases where corrosion is severe, the filler metal for the clad side shall be of such composition as to duplicate the base metal after welding. Frequently, a filler rod of higher alloy content is necessary to correct for dilution by the backing steel. For making welds from the backing steel side only, it is necessary to use 25% Cr-20% Ni filler rod for all types stainless cladditng to mani. tain weld ductiliay. Metal arc-welding electrodes for welding of chromium and ch;roamium nickel cladding shall conform to ASW4 A-298, latest revision. Filleer rods for banking steel may be of any composition which will provide required mechanical characteristics. Usually,, a, fil.ler metal si-milar I., analysis to the badcking steel is used. Occasionally, espe. ca&Ly on light sections normally requiring only one pass, the complete weld may'be made with the alloy rod. 4.24 Joint Preparation - Appendix-Table 16 In the heavier plate, it is essential to maintain alignment to prevent excessive back-chipping and grinding and consequent over-constmpion of high alloy electrodes.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 42 When welding blind joints, use 45 - 60~ single vee groove, full thickness, and 1/16" root spacing. Use a grooved copper backing strip. Square butt joints are used for the lighter sheets to about 11 gage. From 11 gage to 3/16", bevel steel backing 450, allowing sufficient root stock to prevent penetration to cladding. For plate over 3/16", use 600 single vee groove, maintaining 1/16" root stock above cladding. For automatic welding from the backing steel side, a square butt joint with 1/32" root spacing is used for plate to 3/8". Edges may be prepared by the various machining or oxygen cutting techniques. Shearing and punching is done with the clad side up. Machining operations utilize lower speeds than for mild steel; a firm feed is essential to prevent surface work-hardening of the cladding material. 4.25 Preheating Preheating to 3000 to 4000 F. is used for the following: Heavy plates. High strength backing materials. Plates clad with any straight chromium steel except type 405. Preheating may be done locally at the weld zone. 4.26 Welding Procedures - Appendix-Tables 16, 17 (a) General When welding backing steel with mild steel electrodes, adequate care must be taken to prevent penetration to the cladding material. Electrodes of smaller diameter than for welding of steel are used to control penetration. When the backing side is welded first, the clad side is prepared by grinding or chipping to clean weld metal.

WELDING PROCEDRTES C3,00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 43 Never deposit mild steel on alloy welds or cladding; diffusion will take place and an extremely hard and brittle zone will result. (b) Manual Light sheets, to 16 gage, are welded in one pass from the clad side. Heavier stock is welded in one or more passes from each side. Material under 10 gage is welded with alloy rod exclusively. Stock over 10 gage may be welded with mild steel electrodes on the backing side. (c) Aircomatic Process Sheet and plate up to 3/8" thick are welded in a single pass, from the backing side with an alloy electrode. Heavier stock is welded in one or more passes from each side using either mild steel or alloy rod for the backing side, which is welded first; or in several passes from the clad side using alloy rod exclusively. Satisfactory results have been obtained by the single pass technique utilizing the following conditions: Current 500 amps. Voltage 30 volts Travel speed 14-18 inches/minute Gas Argon, with up to 40% He Gas flow 90 cubic feet/hour Wire diameter 5/64 inch Wire analysis 25 Cr - 20 Ni (19 Cr - 9 Ni)

WELDING PROCEDBURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont'd.) 44 For heavier plates using multiple passes, lighter currents and voltages are used for the clad side, steel side remaining the same as above. 4.27 Post-Weld Heat-Treatment To relieve the major portion of welding stresses and develop maximum properties, the following heat-treatments are used: Heat to prescribed temperature and hold for one hour per inch of thickness. Furnace cool. Straight-chromium stainless 11500 - 12000 Fe Chromium-nickel stainless 11000 - 11500 F. Nickel-base alloys 11500 - 1200o F. Stainless grades stabilized with columbi.um or tita.i:ium., or ontaining extra low carbon may be given a normal stress relief tresatment, 4,30 TITANI:M~ AND TITANIUM ALLOYS 4,31 Scope Thise specification is intended to define the genera.l prosedures to be used for the manual or automatic welding of Titanium and'Jtitanium Alloy plates, shapes or tube; by the inert-gas arc-welding process, 4.32 Base Metal Unless otherwise specified, the base metal shall conform to ASTM B-265 Grade 1, latest revision; with the exception of the metallic alloy content which shall conform to the manufacturer's specification.

WELDING PROCEDURES C3.00-C4.00 (Cont d.) 45 4.33 Filler Metal The filler metal shall be of similar analysis to the base metal. When welding rods are not available from the manufacturer, they may be cut from suitable sheet material. 4.34 Joint Preparation All foreign substances must be removed from the heated area. Grease removal with carbon tetrachloride or trichlorethylene, followed by light etching with 0.5% hydrofluoric acid is recommended. For stock up to 1/8" thick, use a sqaare joint with no gap. For material 3/16" thick and heavier, use a 45O bevel, 1/16" root face, and 1/32" to 1/16" root gap. For butt,oints on flat stock, a heavy s!otted copper backing bar is recommended. 4.35 Welding Procedure - AppendixJTable 18 In general, most of the techniques and precautions used i'i inertgas welding of stain.rless steel are applicable to welding of ti-tani3m and its alloys. I't is particularly essential that the heated metal be protected:fro the atmosphere at all times. High flow rates of high-prity shielding gas over front and back, and use of a ta.iling shield are mrandatooy for maintenance of weld ducdtiliity. 4.36 Heat-Treatment - Appendix-Table 19 The all-alpha alloys and alpha-bets alloys containing less;t.an 3% beta-stabillizing elements should show good physical properties in the as-welded condition. The higher-strength alloys may be heat-treat"ed to impr=rove the ductility.

QUALITY CONTROL C5.00 46 C5.00 QUALITY CONTROL 5.01 SCOPE The welding work to be performed under this specification is of extreme importance and must be of the highest quality. To this end, it shall be the responsibility of the OWNER, or his duly authorized representative, to establish a consistent welder qualification program, to supervise the welding tests and to insure compliance with all details of design, fabrication and tests specified by this specification, drawing, or other related documents, for all welding procedures and quality requirements. 5.10 RIGHTS RESERVED TO THE OWNER 5.11 Welder's Qualification Test The controls under this heading shall permit the OWNER to: (a) Stop the test weld if the applicable welding procedure stated in this specification is not followed, or if suitable results are not being obtained. (b) Grant, at his discretion, approval for a retest to be given a candidate who has failed in his qualification test. 5.12 Shop Weldirng The controls under this heading shall permit the OWNER to: (a) Consult the FABRICATOR to define and establish the work classifications, procedures and welding sequences. This is especially important on all welding of High Alloy steels.

QUALITY CONTROL C5.00 (Cont'd. ) 47 (b) Check the Welder's Qualification Certificates for compliance with the requirements of the work classification to be done as prescribed in C2.00 of this specification. (c) Establish a program of continuous visual inspection. (d) Establish a program of continuous spot testing or sampling, as required either by radiographing and/or by the fluorescent penetration method (Zyglo) and/or corrosion resistance. (e) Accept or reject all work performed under this specification. 5.20 RESPONSIBILITIES OF FABRICATOR The FABRICATOR shall afford the OWNER or his duly authorized representative: (a) All reasonable facilities for testing and inspection. (b) Free and unlimited access to all work being performed under this specification, including all tests of materials, etc. Nothing contained or implied in this specification shall be construed to relieve the FABRICATOR from his responsibility for workmanship and materials acceptable to the provisions of our final specification. 5.30 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS Welds having one or more of the following defects shall be rejected: (a) Undercutting adjacent to completed weld, or evidence of undercutting removed by grinding and/or other means. (b) Evidence of peening. (c) Weld is not reasonably uniform in appearance.

QUALITY CONTROL C5.00 (Cont'd.) 48 (d) Obvious gas pockets or slag inclusions are present. (e) Cold-lapping is evident. (f) Weld profiles are not within the accepted tolerance. (g) Less than 100% penetration for the entire length of the weld. (h) Underhand in excess of 1/16" on inside of pipe. (i) Craters resulting from improper breaking of the arc. (j) Cracks. (k) Welds do not meet the required tests. (1) Tack welds made by an unqualified welder. The approval of the OWNER shall be required before any defective welds are repaired. Welds which in the opinion of the OWNER cannot be successfully repaired, shall be cut out, prepared anew and rewelded. 5.40 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS All welding may be subject to inspection both during and after welding is completed. The inside welds of piping that are inaccessible for direct inspection shall, when so required by the OWNER, be examined by means of a "Boro-Scope", or equivalent. Defects so discovered shall be carefully noted as to exact location by quadrants and shall be corrected by chii.ppng, or grinding, and rewelded. The provisions under the heading of "QUALITY REQUIREMENTS" shall determine the acceptability of all welds inspected. It shall be the responsibility of the welding supervisor and the OWNER to see that each welder uses the correct type filler rod for the material being welded.

QUWALITY CONTROL C5.00 (C-ont'd.) 49 5.50 TESTS 551 Radiograph (a) Welds to be radiographed shall be as designated on the drawing, or by the OWNER. Wherever any doubt exists as to the quality of welding, the welds shall be subject to examination by radiographing, or by a fluorescent penetrant method, at the request of the OWNER. Trepanning shall not be done. However, a section of pipe containing a questionable weld may be removed for examination. In such a case, a new section of pipe shall be used as a replacement, Specimens representing a different-' welder's work for each test should be radiographed if possible. (b) A sufficient number of radiographs shall be taken so that the weld will be completely examined. (c) Unless the OWNER is an experienced radiograph technician, he shall submit the radiograph to a specialist for interpretation. (d) When radiographs are taken as designated in 5.51 above and defects are shown, at least two additional radiographs shall be made of the same welder's work to determine his qyalifications for the particular classification in question. 5.52 Fluorescent Penetrant (Zyglo) The OWNER may require "Zyglo" type inspection of any weld.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS C6.oo 50 C6.00 SAFETY PRECAbUIONS 6.01 GENERAL The high temperatures used in welding pose certain hazards not encountered in other fabrication and maintenance processes. The following precautions are common to the various welding procedures: Inflammable materials shall be removed sufficiently far from the welding area to preclude damage from sparks and metal spatters. The operator shall be fully protected from the heat and glare as well as from sparks and spatter; a full covering, including body clothing, gloves, hat, and goggles or face mask, are essential. Shields or screens shall be used as needed for protection of other workers. Adequate ventilation shall be provided to remove metallic vapors and flux fumes. Special precautions in the form of respirators or fa'ce masks shall be used wh.en welding materials containing toxi elemeent. s'~A:h as beryllium, lead or zinc, or with fluxes containing fluorides. In maintenance and repair work, and particularly when t.,atting or patching lines and containers, adequate care shall be taken to inTsire absence of explosive futmes and volatile liqu-ids. 6.02 ARC WELDING The chief sources of danger in ace welding processes are -ultraviolet radiation and electric shock.

SAFETY PRECA:TICONS 06.G (Cont'd.) 51 The highly penetrating radiation necessitates wearing of heavy clothing to prevent skin blistering. The eyes, being particularly vulnerable, shall be protected by special glass filters. To protect against electric shock, both the operator and the work area should be kept perfectly dry and the operator shall be insulated from the ground. The electrode holder shall be completely insulated; for high frequency alternating current, special holders are recommended. The welding machine shall be grounded to direct ground when possible; when connecting to metal structures, precautions are taken to insure ade uate current-carrying capacity and low electrical resistance. 6.03 GAS WELDING The main hazards in gas welding are the presence of t-Lbe O~ ygen and combustible gases used in the various processes. A complete ee safety rules covering the use, handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders has been co:miled by the Compressed Gas Ma;fsactuorersl Assofiation; adherence to this -ode is. recommended.

MISCELLANEOUS C7.00 52 C7 00 MISCE5LLANEOUS 7.01 APPENDIX Plate 1 - Record of Welder's Qualification'Pest (Form) Plate 2 - Welder's Certificate (Form) Plate 3 - Test Specimen - General Plate 4 - Welder's Test - General Welder - Class 1 and 3 - Heliarc Welder - Class 3 Plate 5 - Welder's Test - General Welder - Class 1 and 2 Plate 6 - Welder's Test - Sheet Metal Welder - Class 1 and 2 <FLate 7 - Welder s Test - Pipe Welder - Class 2 and 3 - Heliare Welder - tClass 2 ilate 8 - TWelders Test - Plpe Welder - Class 1 (Bu'tt Weld Test) Plate 9 - Welder's Test - Hellarc Welder - Cli ass 3 (Fille-t. Weld Test)' Plate 10 - Welder2s Test - PHeliarc Welder - Class 2 f(Saddle Weld Test) Plate 11 - Welder' s Test - Heliarc Welder - Class i'Butt Weld Test) Plate 12 - Pipe and Flange Clamps - Typical Plate 13 - Joint Details - Preparation and Fitting Up Plate 14-A - Test Jig Plate 14-B - Test Jig Details Plate 14-C - Test Jig Details

MISCELLANIEOUS C7.00 (Cont'd.) 53 7.01 APPENDIX (ContBd.) Table 1 - Amperage vs. Electrode Size Table 2 - Filler Rod Specs. Table 3 - Data - Heliarc Welding of Stainless Steel Table 4 - Data - Heliarc Welding of Stainless Steel Table 5 - Data - Arc-Welding of Monel, Nickel and Inconel Table 6 - Heliarc Welding of Deoxidized Copper Table 7 - Oxyacetylene Welding of Deoxidized Copper Table 8 - Heliarc Welding of Silicon Bronze Table 9 - Heliarc Welding of Copper Alloys Carbon Arc-Welding of Deoxidized Copper T.able 10 - Copper Alloy Filler Rod Selection and Preheat Temperatures Table 11 - Joint Preparation for Welding Aluminum Table 12 - Heliarc Welding of Aluminum Itfble 13 - Gas Welding of Aluminulr.alble 14 - Arc-Welding of Aluminum T'hble 15 - Electrode Selection for Arc-Welding Clad Steels Table 16 - Joint Preparation for Arc-Welding Clad Steels'Table 17 - Arc-Welding of Clad Steels Table 18 - Inert-Gas-Shielded Arc-Welding of Titanium Table 19 - Ductile Titanium Welds Table 20 - Standard Welding Symbols - American Welding Society

_R(COA'A2 Of.gW42D[X Q1/CAZCATW r[Jr( to ). TEST NO... (ADDRESS OF PLANT&HOME PLANT IF TEST la PERFORMED IN FIEL) _______ECOR OF WELDER' ALCATJ. _T.T.. As SPECIflIE BY IDAHO OP,ERATQON,OFF. CE,,U. iS. ATOIriC ENERGY COMMLSSGON, IDAH9,,FALL.SI IDAHO ~N BULLETIN 6F8, _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ MARK _ CLASS (1,2,3) MATERIAL SPECS. _ TYP (~GENERAL, SHU WMETAL, PIPE. HIGH ALLOY) ___ _ FILLER R SECS............ PROCESS (ARC, SIGMA, HELIARCO ACETYLENE)) P._.PIPE,t PLATE, OR SHAPE........... AXIS TYPE PASS _CI..............b~N... AxIs OF PIPE OR OF SEE F TEST kpQl, DIMENSIONS PLANE or PLATE WELD NOTE 2 TEST YES.NO REMARKS 1, PRiOR TO CUTTING SPECIMENS FROM SAMPLE. STAMP OR PAINT.NUMER ON FACE NEAR WELD. ALSO STAMP *LDERS' MARK ON FACE OF EACH SPECIMEN. IF NUMBER AND/OR MARK I1 REMOVED BY MACHINING OR GRINDIN,. REPLACE SAME UPON COMPLETION OF OPERATION. 2. IN THIS COLUMN NOTE: (A) "OVERHEAD" FOR OVERNEAB WELDS ON PLATES OR FORMS, AND (5)'"TOP", "BOTTOM. OR'SIDE" FOR SPECIMENS CUT FROM PiPE WELDED WITH AXIS HORIZONTAL. 3. ALL GUIDED BEND TESTS WILL BE NOTED AS TO TYPE, L.E.. "FACE". "ROOT'., OR "SIDE" 4. VISUAL TESTS WILL BE SINtED FOR IN IREMARKS" COLUMNI If CHECKED BY OTHER THAN SIGNER OF STATEMENT NO.. BELOW. STATEMENTS I CERTIFY THE SAMPLES WERE PREPARED AND WELDED ACCORDING TO INSTRUCTIONS SET DOWN BY THE CONTRACTING OFF"CEir) IN BULLETIN 6F8. I FURTHER CERTIFY THAT ALL SPECIMENS WERE PROPERLY PREPARED, PER ABOVE BULLETIN. AND NUMBEhED.~ AND THAT ALL ENTRIES IN ABOVE TABLE, COLUMNS I THRU 6. ARE ACCURATE. I ALSO CERTIFY THAT WELDS TESTED WERE MADE BY A'OVE NAMED WELDER. UNAIDED BY ANYONE, AND IN THE ACCEPTED MANUAL MANNER. SI61A URE AND TITLE ATE...........................EMPLOYE.................. 2. 1 TESTED THE ABOVE SPECIMENS AND CERTIFY THE RESULTS AS STATED, EXCEPT THE VISUAL TESTS WHICH HAVE S EEN SIGNED FO IIIg THE "R11EMARKS" COLUMN. I FURTHER CERTIFY TESTS WERE CONDUCTED AND EVALUATED ACCORD. 1MG TO SPECIFICATIONS SET DOWN BY:LHE C(ON'RAC~T.NG.OFF CER N BULLETIN 6F8. SIGNATURE AND TITLE..-.... -................. _.. _..DATE........ - -._-_EP __E......... EMPLYE BY........

PAAe 2 WELDER S CERTIFICATION (FORM) WELDER I S CERTIFICAT IS CERTIFIED AS QUALIFID FOR FOLLOWING TYPES AND CLASSES OF WELDING AS DEFINED BY IDAHO OPERATIONS OFFICE,9 A39 NC ENERGY C ESSION IN BULLETIN 6F8 TYPE AND PROCES CLASS 1. CLASS 2 (CASS 3 GEERAL WELDER - ARC GEN E RAL W ACEM1' Xx 1 SEET TAL WEALDER- ARC x xL x SEEDT E.TAL WELDER - AL -- X X X X x PIPE WELDER - ARC.... IPEARC WELDER -.( X O'ERTI-FIM B-fSf SIGNAMM. DAZE~~~9~e~E

PLATE 3 TEST SPECIMENS GENERAL MACHINE OR GRIND WELD FLUSH WITH BASE METAL, TOP 8 BOTTOM. REMOVE A MAX. OF j3 OF BASE METAL, TOP AND BOTTOM, EXCEPT / THAT NO BASE METAL MAY BE GRIND IN THIS REMOVED FROM SPECIMENS, DIRECTION. FOR MECHANICAL TESTS.,EST SPECIMEN NO. WELDER'S MARK SAW TO W/DTH; OR FLAME CUT THEN MACHINE TO WIDTH, REMOVING NOT LESS THAN'- FROM EACH EDGE. OF WEU PLANE OF PLAT;ES

PLATE 4 WELDER TEST GENERAL WELDER- CLASS / a 3 HEL/ARC WELDER-CLASS 3 SPECIMEN N? SAMPLE NO / 2 3 I- " --- |DC. DC. DC. <I =- 1, 2 3 --— 7 8 9 Ne~ ~-l- -— 4 5 6 | t- DC. DC: DC _- 5" A= DC. Discard /0" SA MPLE / MATER/AL PL A TES - VERTICAL GENERAL WELDER - CLASS / S.. WELD - HORIZON TA L GENERAL WELDER -CLASS 3 MS. HEL/ARC WELDER-CLASS3 S.S 6 - BAR "x 5" x6" SAMPLE 2 TESTS SPECIMEN NO 2 23 FACE BEND TEST PLATES-VERTICAL SPECIMEN NO.,56 ROT BEND TEST WELD - VERTICAL SPECIMEN NO 7,8,9 CORROSION TEST,. for GENERAL WELDER -CLASS / ONL Y SAMPLE 3 PLA TES - H/ORIZONTAL WELD-fHORIZONTAL a OVERHEAD

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PLATE /4-C TES7T JIG-GUILCED BEND TEST DETAILSa B. M. 4 2 Ha WES PARr~ 1 "-hfI r/ "A I I T. DR/L L PART ~ AR 30"f -_'' V- z PART BA)R I'I 4l jDR/LL DRILL I IC) II) II ~ C PART~ HARDEN,L I6DIA, SHCWLDERS__ _ — r,,1 - - — ]-,rPA RTVE MA TER/AL 7 I T PIPE 4S H4OX25 PA R T~f job 2 4AR XXa6". T 7 ~7BA5 i X IX5" 9T BAR /]/AX2 B xM 1_7 C r BAR- XX 4' 15 + O 51, —-w - L~l ag

774E5LE / A/P[t4A 6f V. LTL EcTAROOE S&/ZE THl,S TABLE IS TO BE USED AS'A GUIDE ONLY. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE THE SOUND' JUDGEMENT OF THE WELDER' ROD CARBON STAINLESS MONEL i NICKEL INCONEL INCONEL DIA STEEL STEEL 130 X 131 132 132 DC DC DC DC j DC DC AC ___________- - u;;LARC WELDING 1/16 _ 25-4 i 35-55 30-40 NR ____________ ________i,I. _. iJ__,,. _.3/32. 35.80 45.60 6585 35.0 NR 1/.6|0o 10100.95 95.120 W0s100 90*110 5/SI 80 150 80. 150 120' 160 110 130 130. 150 3/16 105-165 140-190 170.210 130*180 150*170 *1/16 0.1.-._._...... 3/32 120.150 _____ 1/8' I00 I 200. 275 I N /16 275-375 1 -I:1/4 350*475 NR * NOT RECAENDED

F/rL' / ROD JP~ECJ. BASE MATERIAL METALLIC ARC HELIARC SPEC. NO ELLCTRODE WIRE OR ROD AISI 302 1 304 WIRE SI 304 ELC* 7i7D471....AISI 304 E308_15 = 304 WIRE AISt 309 SCB 25.12 _cB OR 309 SCB 309 SCB WIRE AISI 347 E.347. 15 347 WIRE MONEL 130 OMONEL 60 MONEL 326 MONEL.130 MO'NEL 43 MONEL K MONEL 134 K MONEL 64 K MONEL NICKEL 131' NICKEL 61 NICKEL LOW CARBON NICKEL 131 NICKEL 61 NICKEL INCONEL 132 INCONEL 62 INCONEL 0 INCONEL X 1 39 INCONEL X 69 INCONEL X INCONEL W 139 INCONEL X 69 INCONEL X NIMONIC 75 142 80 NICKEL- 62 INCONEL CZ______ I_ _ CHROMIUM INCOLOY 132 INCONEL 62 INCONEL * 0.03% CARBON MAXIMUM * WELD METAL ANALYSIS AISI TYPE 309 MODIFIED AS FOLLOWS: 0.08% CARBON MAX. 10 x C% CB MINIMUM 1.0% CB MAXIMUM

TABLE 3 BELIARC WELDING 1. PRIFNCIPLE WELDABLE TYPES OF STAINLESS STEELS AUSTENITIC -r Ni) % Ni % Others Rod to Use Type 301 0.08-0.20 17.0 7.0 -- OXWELD No. 28 or 304*,ype: 302 0o.08-0.20 1.8.0 8. -- OXWED No. 28 or 304* Type 304 0o.o08 max. 18.5 8.5 OXWELD No. 28 or 304* Types 316 0.10 max. 17.0 12.0 Mo 2.5 OXWELD No. 28 or 317 0.10 mnax. 17.0 14.o0 Mo 35 Types 316 and. 317 Types 347 0.10 max. 18.5 10.0 Gb 10 x C OXWELD No. o28* 321 0,10 max. 1805 10.0 Ti 4 x C OXWT.ELD No. 28 Type 308 0.08 max. 20.0 110 Mn 2.00 max. OXWELD No. 28, 308 Type 309 0.20 max. 24.0 130 -- Type 309, OXWELD No. 28 Type 310 0.25 max. 25.0 2000 -- Type 310, OXCWELD No. 28 Type 318 0.10 max. 17.0 12.0 Mo 2.5 Type 318 Cb 10 x C No. 309 rod should be used for giving high impact resistance at low temperat Lres - othenrwse use rods listed., FERRCI'_~C - (Straight Cr) % c tr % Others Rod to Use Type 430 0.12 max. 14.0-1.0 -- 310,* 309 U.o. i- 430 Type! 446 0.35 3max. 26.0 310, 309?i.C.M 446 These rods give duet;ile weld. metal. 1A RT E~NS "T~T1" - (Straight Crt e i c rOthers Rod to "se Type 410 Oo.5 max. 1 o0 310, 309 oYMo 410 or 430 Type 416 0.15 max. 13.0 P, S, or Se 0.07 310, 309 >. ho6, 410, 430 mino Zr or Mo o. 60 max. Type 501 0o10o.0 -- 310, 309 f.M.. 502 Type 502 0.10 max. 5.0 -- 310, 309 U.M. 502 2, SPE;CIAL PRECAUJTIONS AUSTENITIC TYPE (Cr - Ni) 1. Occasional hot tearing: Cause- Improper Joint design, sequence of welding, or jigging. Correction - Use proper welding current and sequence of welding. Change joint design.

TABLE 3 (Cont'd.) AJSTENITIC TYPE (Cr - Ni) (Cont'd. ) 2. Decreased ductility: Correction - Use lower current and/or multi-pass technique in which narrow stringer beads can be made at high speed and high cwrent. 3. Decreased corrosion resistance near weld: Cause - Heat effect of welding causes carbide precipitation. Correction - Use Cb or Ti stabilized base metal (such as Type 347) and Cb stabilized rod; or heat treat entire assembly at 1900 deg. F. and cool rapidly after welding. FERRITIC ITYIE (Straight Cr, 14% and above) 1. Lower Cr grades may be air hardening. C and Cr contents must be balanced. Higher C requires higher Cr to maintain non-hardening structure. 2, Grain size increases with Cr content: Good combination of properties with 15-16% Cr- good impact resistance. No air hardening occurs when C is below 0.10%. 3. To increase toughness: BHeat treatment followed by annealing. 4. To prevent possible cracking if C is high: Preheat to about 400 deg. F. AMRTEN$\,S T TYPE (Straight Cr) 1, Air hardening: P]reheat; to 400 to 500 deg. F. to avoid cracking. Follow by anmealing to avoid excessive hardness and cracking. Follow recomnmendations of manufacturer.

8811w V. A 60 {,0 OUTS I 09 CORNERSa cOPP". yr IAP lT LAP INSIDE comes OUTSIDE CORNEI "HELIARC" HAND-WELDING OF STAINLESS STEEL* - t. GAs cur oR iozi,''.... HW- 10 4AND) HI*-4 T,1 ~ r- HWI*5 -11c ARGON FLOW WLDING CURRZNT WELDICNG ROD Cercud Metal........'...... ** -........ 1~33c. llatM Max. Ratzxg M. Ratinqg Metal AT Thick- AMPERES Electrode Weldlnq Material 250 Amps. 300 Amps. Ma. Rating Doss Type of Charact- Diematter Speed N Size AC-DC 500 Awps AC _ 0 psi In. Weld eristics Fliat Vertical Overhead In. I.P.A No. In. HW-10 HRW-4 HW-10 HW-4500Amps DC L.P.M. C.FH. REMARKS',2 Bu t t 80-10 70- 90 70-90 1'16. 12 1/16' 4 or 5 6 4 or 5 " a1/' 5,6 Lap 100-120 80-100 up 80-100 1/1 1 is 1/16' 4 or 5 6 4 or 5 5 11 7 Corner 80-100 70- 90 up 70-90 1/16 1 8.9 ille 90 10 0110-100 U -100 le 1/16s I 4or 5 6 4 at 5 5 1,2 bt 100-1:2 O011 U 90-110 1/16" 1/1 6 or3/32 4 or5 6 4 of - 5 3 10 ~C~ 1/16~or332 40r5 (I lar5 — - -' "3/3 2 5,66 Lap C 110-138B 100-120 up 100-120 1/16* 1 /6*r33 4o r561 7 Corner 100120 00110 up 90o110 1/166'12 I 1 6 "or 3/32 4 or 5 6 4 or 5 5 11 8.M Fillet 10-10 100-120 up. 80-00 I/i32 5 6 40o5 5 1. 2 Butt 120-140 110-130 up 105-125 1/16 0 12 3/32 4 or 6 or 7 4or 55 We 5.6 Lap 1 30-150 1201 140 up 120-140 a/lle 10 3/32sz 4 or 5 6 or 7 4 or 5 S 11 7 Corner 120-140 110-130 up 115-135 V1/1661'ei 3/32o 4or5 6 — 74.5. 5 1. Fe3 5 535up 20140 1 1 0 2 / 3/32 4 or 5 6or 714 or 5 "ft Fi0 6 or 7 8 5 or 6 6 or or 8 6S 11 C2 Butt 200-1250 05-200 up 1510 1 12 O 16 3/3 4 or 5 6 a or 5 - 6 Lap~ps, 225-275 175-225 uP 175-225 3/32 rYI IS LC/ B~,, 8 6,7,8 6 orr8 1 7 Come. 20t1 0-250 150-200.up 150.200 3/3 40 O U ~ 6 or c7 8 5 o 6 o or 8 6 13 1,'utet -- 225-27 1 U 175 —125, 3/12' a. 6.7.8 8 6.7.1- 6 or or 8 6 13 2.3 Butt O. 271-350 200-250 up 2012540 18 3/16' 8 6 3 One or o- -' 7Corrm6 Lap 3 O 1013075 22 5up 275-275 I/7 4aO or 1/13616'8 6 1.3 One ia 3/32 4or5 5 1,012 i? 100375 225-27~ 2 225-255 1/8 " m 3/16' r 8 6i 1 3 n Ps 3 4 Butt 350-45 225-27 225-27f 1 I Cwt W3/1 AL s 8 6 7 a O 1 1)SC(SO 22 51275 325-2311 B 5'3;/lle riin 11, 8 or 10 7 WO Of too atsss1 T Vt 2 6 Lap 375-475 230-280o 230-290 v8 -./ vi 6 1/4 8 or 10 7 15 Thrtee Fo~ 8, 10 [AMaer 375-475 23042e0 230-2W //,3/16 1/4 58 or 10 74o Three -- C.n 1150ions very -i 1i'r for 7~MLw 8..C an other I{miL~+ alloys- "Welding sped for 8lt position.

TABLE 5 ELECTRODE POSITIONS AND ARC WELDING DATA FOR MONEL, NICKEL, AND INCONEL ROOT JOINT SPACING"'S AN" GELECTRODE NO. OF ABETWEENG BACKING- ELECTRODE POSITIONS BETWEEN DIAMETER FASSES JOINT TYPE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM PLATES IN (COPPER TACK FOR DOWNHAND WELDING GAUGES (U.S.S.) FOR COLUMN I WELDS REQUIRED END AND SIDE VIEWS 100% PENETRATION VARIOUS POSITIONS FOR FOR ARE FOR FOTO FOR FOR ARE FOR FOR MIN. MAX. PREFERRED) MIN. MAX. MINIMUM MAXIMUM GA. GA. GA. GAUGE THE JOINT COLUMN I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SQUARE BUTT (F).O37"(20GA.).125" ( II GA.) 0 1/16".075" I/8" 1 _SUARE BUTT |F (0ABACKING IS I/8" LONG ELECTROOE ELECTRODE I "ft 2 (V).062* (16 GA.).125" 11 GA.) O 1/16" ON 3T-4'.075 | 1/8" I TRAVEL NECESSARY CENTERS (O).050" (I GA.) 125" ( II GA.) 0 3 FG2" 3/32 1/8 I FOR GAUGES SINGLE "V BUTT (F) 5/32" ( 9GA.) 5/16" /16" 3/32".050 V4"- 1/2" 1/8" 5/32" I FOR Y32" ~'~8'Oe'~~~-~~~-~ ~(18 GA. LONG ON TO 3/16" (V) 5/32 ( 9GA) 3/8" 1/16" 3/32" 6"CENTERS VS*B" 5/32" PLATE -""B1-s USS.) 2 FOR 1/4" OR (0) 5/32" (9 GA.) 5/16" 1/16" 3/32" I/8" 5/32" PLATE SINGLE"V" (WITH 3 FOR 3/8" LIP) BUTT THINNR PLATE: 6O0 (F) 5/32" (9GA.) 1/2" 1/16" 1/8" 1/4"-/2" I"/8 3/16 I LONG ON 3 OR 4 FOR PLATE I/32"' S T -. "U" GROOVE BUTT IF DESI6N 1"' (F) I/2" NO MAX. 1/16" 3/32" PERMITS, I " LONG 1/8" 5/32I83/" I DEPENDS BACKING ON ON PLATE (V SHOULD BE S"CENTERS THIOCKNESS (V) 1/2" NO MAX. 1/16" 3/32 PROVIDED 1/8" 5/32'83/16" an1 SS1 I I I IFOR GAUGES.4' TLIP 3/u.062" ( 16GA LAP (F).037' (20 GA.) NO MAX. NONE U. S.S.) I/4"LONG 075" 5/32-3/16' I OR (V).062' (16 GA.) NO MAX. NONE TO.093" ON.075" 5/32-3/16' M OE (13 GA. 6" CENTERS s n ).o620 (16 GA.) NO MAX. NONE USS.).075" 5/32-316"1 F E T(F).062'(16 GA) NO MAX. NONE 3/32 5/32"-Y/16" 1/4"- 1/2 5/3- " I OR fl NE (v).0o0e IS GA.) NO AX. NONE LONG ON MORE" / I (0).062"( 16 GA.) NO MAX NONE 3 5/|- CENTERS CO0 GA.) GA.) NONE NER0 U 1 CORNER (F) 3/32(183GA) I/NO MAX. | NONE./8" /32-3/16" 1/4" LONG (V) 3/32"(13 ) NO MAX. NONE ON 4.- " /" I5/33/I6 ON PLATE CENTERS r8ICKNESS (F) 3/32"(13GA.) NO MAX. NONE I/8" 5/32"-3/16" 1/4"LONG SAME AS FOR SQUARE ~ ~ [~.~ ~(F).037"(20GA.).062 (16GA) NONE | |N4-S".075| 3/32" I BUTT CENTERS (AT TOP OF PAGE) I/4"LONG SAME AS FOR SQUARE (F).031"(22 GA. ).O 50"( I8GA.) NONE ON 4"- 8" 075" 3/32" SUTT GRIND ONLY CENTERS (AT TOP OF PAGE) SOUND METALPOSITION (_) OVERHEAD POSITION (F)"FLAT POSITION (V)"~ VERTICALPOSITION (O)"~OVERHEAD POSITION

LESS THAN 0.1 T 600 k T BUTT 0 1/16 G60 OUTSIDbE CORNERS 0 -APPiX. 1/8" T OlUTSILDE AiNSER ~T 6b~~l | \$S\C@\\\\\\at (i LTEE LAP BUpT LAPINSIDE,CONER OUT'SIDE CORNER _ "HELIARC" WELDING OF DEOXIDIZED COPPER GAS CUPS HW-4 TORCH HW-S TORCH ARGON FLOW WELDING WELDING ROD AT T CURRENT CRAMIC WATER-OOLED WATER-COOLED T THICK TPE AMPS ElECIRODE WELDING MATERIAL MAX. RATING MAX. RATING MAX. RATING 20 NESS OF DIA. SPEED NAME SIZE 250 AM'S AC 300 AMIS AC 500 AMPS AC IN. WELD TYPE FLAT IN. I.P.M. NO. * IN. 250 AMPS DC 300 AMPS DC 500 AMPS DC L.P.M. C.F.H. REMARKS 1,2 Butt 110-140 1/16" 12 Copper 1/ 16" 7 7 15 One Pass 1/16" 5,6 Lap 130-150 1/16" 10 Copper 1/16" 7 7 15 One Pass 7 Corner 110-140 1/16" 12 Copper 1/16" 7 7 15 One Pass 8 Fillet 130-150 1/16" 10 Copper 1/16" 7 7 15 One Pass 1,2 Butt, 175-225 3/32" 11 Copper 3/32"or 1/8" 8 8 7 15 One Pass 1/1 6 Lap.. 200-250 3/32" 9 Copper 3/32" or 1/8" 8 8 7 15 One Pass 7 Corner E. 175-225 3/32" 11 Copper 3/32"or 1/8" 8 8 7 15 One Pass 8,9 Fillet cq 200-250 3/32" 9 Cooper 3/32"or 1/8" _ 8 8 L 7 15 One Pass 1,2 Butt; 250-300 1/8' 10 Copper 1/8- 8 7 15 One Pass; Preheat to 500~F. 3/ 16 6 Lp. 275-325 1/8" 8 Copper 1/8" 8 7 15 One Pass; Preheat to SOOoF. 7 Corner I 250-300 1/8" 10 Copper 1/8" 8 7 15 One Pass; Preheat to 5000F. 8 10 Fillet 27S-325 1/8" 8 Comer 1/8 8 7 1S One Pass: Preheat to SOOF. 3 Butt,, 300-350 1/8 9 Copper 1/8 8 7 15 One Pass; Preheat to 6000F. 6 Lap 325-375 1/8" 7 Copper 1/8" 8 7 15 One Pass; Preheat to 6000F. 1/4 7 Corner " 300-350 1/8" 9 Copper 1/8" 8 7 15 One Pass; Preheat to 6000F. 8.10 Fillet %c 325-375 1/8" 7 Cer 17 o Passe Preheat to 00F 3 Butt 375-425 3/16 Copper 3/16Z 10 8 17 Tao Passes Preheat to 8000F 3/8" 6 Lap 400-450 3/16" Copper 3/16" 10 8 17 Three Passes; Preheat to 800F. 3/8 7 Corner 375-425 3/16" Copper 3/16" 10 8 17 Two Passes; Preheat to 8000 F. 80 Fillet 00-450 3/16" r 3/16 1 8 17 Three Passes: 1Prehat to 8007 1/2 4 Butt 500-700 3/16" 1/4 Copper 1/4 10 8 17 Three Passes; Preheat 9000 to 1200F 0 Anaconda No. 372 Copper We Idin Rod TABLE 6

TABLE 7 OXY-ACETYLEJE WELDING OF DEOXIDIZED COPPER SUMMARY OF PREPARATIONS FOR FLAT POSITION FOREHAND WELDING* PLATE FILLER ROD. > 9 i*K —s>~S BEVEL ROOT ROOT NO. Lbs./ftt. NESS TYPE ANGLE FACE SPACE (1) LAYERS Diam. required Inches JOINT Degrees Inches Inches (2) Inches (approx ) 1/8 Square Butt 1/16 2 1/8.169 3/16 Square Butt - 3/32-1/8 2 5/32.317 1/4 Single Vee 45 1/163/32 1/8 2 3/16 0453 3/8 Single Vee 45 3/32- 1/ 8 2 1/4.908 1/2 Single Vee 45 1/8-5/32 1/8 3 5/16 1.449 5/8 Single Vee 45 1/8-5/32 1/8 3 5/16 2.292 3/4 Single Vee 45 1/8-3/16 1/8 3 or 4 5/16 3.078 1 Root space should be tapered 3/16" ft. to allow for contraction of metal in initial layer.''t:,) Number of layers shown include layer on reverse side after chip-out. * For backhand welding, use 30~ bevel angle and 10-12~ inclination. SUNMARY OF PREPARATIONS FOR DOUBLE VERTICAL WELDING SqJARE BUTT (1) DOUBLE VEE PKLATE.2 FILLER ROD BEVEL ROOT FILLER ROD THYJ KESS Diam. Lbs./ft. required ANGLE FACE Diam, Lbs./ft. req'd. Inches Inches (approx.) (2) Degrees Inches Inches (approx.) (2) 1/8 1/8.150 3/16 /a.1o80 1/4 5/32.240 3/8 3/16.360 45 1/16 3/16.490go 3/16.480 45 1/8 1/4 756 1/4.600 45 1/8 1/4 1.085 3/4 45 1/8 1/4 1.470 ] No edge preparation. ) For joints set up with no root space. 60 s Ql 32 60o 1 + * 2 ja - - f DOUBLE VEE JOiNT SINGLE VEE JOINT

LESS THAN O. 1 T 700 T 38=~IOR BUTB,.50o BUI'~ T LA_~~._P I N S I D E O0~EBOUTSIDE CORNERS APPROX. 1/8' T BTTi OUTSPSE CD8NE8 O 7 BOTnw TEE LaP 0 A 0 700 T ~~~- T o H BUTT LAP INS11__CORNER OUTSIDE CORNER "HELIARC" WELDING OF SILICON BRONZE GAS CUPS HW-4 TORCH 1HW-S TORCH ARGON FLOW WELDING CURRENT * WELDING ROD CERAMIC WATER-COOLED WATER-COOLED AT THICK- TYAPERESE ELECIEIDE WELDING MATERIAL MAX. RATING MAX. RATING MAX. RATING ~NESS O~F AMPERES~DIA. SPEED NAME SIZE 250 AMS AC 300 AMS AC 500 AMPS AC 20 i IN. WELD TYE FLAT VERTICAL OVFRHEAD IN. I.P.M. NO. 0 IN. 250 AIPS DC 30 AMPS DC 500 AMPS DC L.P.M. C.F.H. REMARKS 1,2 Butt 100-120 90-110 Up 90-110 1/16" 12 Everdur 1/16" 6 6 13 1/16" 5,6 Lap 110-130 100-120 UP 100-120 1/16" 10 Everdur 1/16" 6 6 13 7 Corner 100-130 90-110 Up 90-110 1/16" 12 Everdur 1/16" 6 6 13 8.9 Fillet 110-130 100-120 Up 100-120 1/16" 10 Everdur 1/16" 6 13 1,2 Butt 130-150 120-140 Up 120-140 1/16" 12 Everdur 3/32" 7 7 is 1/8" 5,6 Lap 140-160 130-1S0 Up 130-150 1/16",3/32" 10 Everdur 3/32" 7 7 15 7 Corner 130-150 120- 140 Up 120-140 1/16" 12 Everdur 3/32" 7.7 1 8.9 Fillet 140-160 130-150 Up 130-150 1/16"13/32" 10 Everdur 3/32" 7 -- 7 15 -1,2 Butt 150-200.. 3/32" -- Everdur 1/8"78 8 -1 lb __ 8 17 3/1" 5,6 Lap 175-225 3/32" Everdur 1/8"8 8 8 17 13/16" 17 Corner 1 50-200. 3/32" Everdur 1/8" 8 8 -- 8 17 8.9 Fillet 175-22 3/32" Everdur 1/8" _ $ 8 1,2 Butt 150-200 3/32 verdur /8" or 3/16' 8 9 19 Three Passes 114" 3 Butt 250-300 1/8" Everdur /8" or 316" -- 8 8 9 19 e Pass - Square Butt 6 Lap C.I- 175-225. 3/32" Everdur 1/8" or 3/16" 8 -- 9 19 Three Passes - LiFillet 1 -225 3/32" Eerdur 1/8" or 3/16" L 9 19 Three Passes 3 Butt -- 230- 80 1/8 - verdur 1/8 3/16 -- 8 9 19 Three or Four 3/8" 6 Lap 250-300 - 1/8" Everdur 1/8", 3/16" 8 9 19 Three Passes 8lOFille 30 -280 1/8- E"erdur 1/' 3/16 - 8 2 19 Three Pagmes tt 50-300 -- -- 1/8" Everdur /8'3/16" -- -8 9 19 our or ive Passe 1/2" 6 Lap 275-325 1/8" Everdur 1/8", 3/16" 8 9 19 Six Passes Filet 275-325 1/8" Ererdur 1/8". 3/16" Passes 3,4 Butt 275-325S, -- - 1/8" eu — v 3/16" 8 9 19 Nine or Tn Pae 3/4".6 Lap 300-350 1/8" Everdur 3/16" 8 9 19 Twelve Passes 8,11 Fillet 30-30 1- /2 Everdur 8 9 19 o r / 8. u00-50 178 Zertu 74 - 8 9 19 rteen Passes 1" 6 Lap 325-350 S6 1/8" Everdur 3/16", 1/4" 8 9 19 Sixteen Passe 8,11 Fillet 353501 1/8" Everdur 3/16", 1/4" 8 9 19 Twenty Passes OXBtLD No. 26 Everdur W iding Rod, E For we Iding in fat position. TABLE 8

TABLE 9 FELIARC WELDING OF ALEMINUM- BRONZE WELDING ARGON FLOW ELECTRODE NUMBER PLA-TE CUi at recommended DIAMETER OF THICK Amperes 20 psi in. PASSES in. EDGE PREP. ACHF 1pm chf 1/4 900 V, sharp nose 200 8 17 1/8 2 3/8 600 V, sharp nose 250 8 17 5/32 3 1/2 600 V, sharp nose 260 8 17 5/32 4 No flux required. HELIARC WELDING OF PSEVERAL COPPER ALLOYS TYPE OF WEDING WELDING CUE FLUX TECHNIQUE ROD Brass DCSP over 0.050" BRAZO* Forehand OXWELD No. 26* ACHF under 0.050" Phosphor Bronze DCSP None Forehand OXWELD No. 26* Leaded Bronzes DCSP None Forehand OXWELD No. 26* Beryllium-Copper ACHF None Forehand Be-Cu CARBON ARC WELDING OF DEOXIDIZED COPPER THICK- CARBON WELDING NESS CURRENT hN~~~~~~~ESS~ ~~TROIDE CNa BASE BEVEL ROOT NUMBER Diam- Lbs. Da C N METAL TYPE ANGLE FACE OF eter rne*.[t /ft. r ARC IENGTH Inches JOINT Degrees Inches LAYERS Inches of Seam Inches kzpS. Volts 1/16 Square Butt -- -- 1 1/8.0453 1/4 120-140 20-25 1/8 Square Butt -- - 1 3/16.1023 5/16 200-220 30-35 3/16 Single Vee 45 1/16 1 1/4.1818 3/8 260-300 35-40 1/4 Single Vee 45 1/16 1 5/16.2833 1/2 400-440 40-50 5/16 Single Vee 45 1/16 1 3/8.4086 1/2 420-460 45-50 *Or equivalent.

TABLE 10 COPPER ALLOY FILLER ROD SELECTION AND PREHEAT CHART COP- COP- COPLOW MANGA- STAIN- PER-. COP- PER COP- PER- COP-. NICKEL NESE TOOL LESS CAST CARBON BERYL-. PER- AL(M- PER SIl- Pi ALLOY - STEEL STEEL STEEL STEEL IRON STEEL LIJm NI CKEL NUM_ TIN CON ZINC COPER Copper 3G 3G 30 3G 3G 30 30 5,3G 3,20 3,20 2G 3,20 1,3,20 Copper-zinc 3,AD 3,1I.D 3,4F 3,4D 3,14 3,D 3,I.vF 5,44D 3, 4bD 3i,2 3,2D 3,2,1 Copper-silicon 2,3,4A 2,3,1A 2,3,4F 2,3,4A 2,3,4C 2,3,4A 2,4F 2,5C 2 4A 3,2C 2A Copper-tin 3C 3C 3F 3C 3C 3C 3,2F 3,5C 3C 3C Copper-aluminum 4C 4C 4F 4c 4I,3D 4C 4F.W5C 4C Copper-nickel 5,4A 5,4A 5,4F 5,4A 5,iC 5,4A 4,5F 5A Copper-beryllium 4,3F 1-,3F 4,3F 4j,3F 3,14.F 4.,3F 6F PREHEAT ANmD Carbon steel 4 4B 4F 4 3,lC ELECTRODE I_____________In Cast iron 4,3C 44,3C,3F 44,3C,3C l-ECu A-.5O0 F. 2-ECuSi B-3000 F. Stainless steel 4B 4B 4F 3-ECuSn-A or ECuSn-C C-40oo F. 4-ECuAl-A D-5000 F. Tool steel 4F 4F 4F 5-ECuNi. F-7000 F. 6-Beryllium G-.8000 F.I-lOOO F. MaEnganese steel IiB ItB

TABLE 11 JOINT PREPARATION FOR WELDING ALUMINUM OXYHYDROGEN, OXYACETYLENE ATOMIC HYDROGEN, CARBON ARC 1 4 450 to 500 _ 1" f, \ / 3' ~u ~p to;~~ +Thicknesses to 1 - 45- to 500 450 to 600 T o Thicknesses _- to iT 500to600 16 a Thicknesses i to 1" METAL ARC _- 30~ " Welded 4 From One Side. Thicknesses 4 and Over. Thicknesses 2 Welded From Both Sides.' 30~ Thicknesses and Over. 30O INERT GAS Thicknesses up to i Welded t From One Side. Thicknesses " and Over. [ Thicknesses up to; Welded From Both Sides. -7 116 lto 1" 15~0 Thicknesses 3'^ to "A"-, and Over. Pipe Welds up to 12" I.P.S. A = 550 Position Weld. A = 300 Roll Weld.

B~iT1 ~'ES THAN,,, T 600 x-x x Y/ T APPR0/8 1/8"_ OUTSIDE CORNER "HELIARC" WELDING OF ALUMINtUM O T BUI..~~~~~~~~-~~t D EE oG'~s cups ~ —-- LAP WELDING ROD HW-4 TORCH HW-5 TORCHA AT WEDIG UREN LAP INSIC E I CWAER OUTSIDE CORNER "HELIARC" WELDING OF ALUMINUM GAs cups WELDING CURRENT WELDING ROD HW-4 TORCH HW-S5 TORCRAG FO TMIQ( TY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E~ CERAMIC WlATER- COLE AE-COE AT THJCE iT -P AMPEIRES ELECIROU WELDING MATERAL MAX. RATING MAX. RATING MAX. RATING 20EpsE NESS F -DIA. SPED NAE SIZE 250 AMPS AC 300 AMPS AC 00 AMS AC 20 psi IN. WIELD TYPE FIAT VERTICAL OVERHEAD IN. I.P.M. NO. IN. 250 AMPS DC 300 AMFS DC 500 AM'S C L.P.M. C.F.H. REMARKS 1 2 Butt 60- 80 60- 80 Down 60- 80 1/16 12 AL None or 1/16" 6. 7 15 1/16' 56 Lap 70- 90 55- 75 Up 60- 80 1/16" 10 AL None or 1/16'" 6 7 15 7 Corner 60- 80 60- 80 Up 60- 80 1/16" 12 AL None or 1/16" 6 -- - 7 15 Fillets 70- 90 70- 90 Down 70- 90 1/16" 10 AL Noe or 116" 6.... 2-t t 1 125-145 115-135 Dow-n 120-140 3/32" 12 AL 3/32 or 1/8" 7. 8 17 3/32" Rod - Overhed 1/8" 5,6 Lasp Cn 140-160 125-145 Up 130-160 3/32" 10 AL None or 3/32" 7 8 17 3/32" Rod Oerhed 7 Corner " 125-145 115-135 Up 130-150 3/32" 12 AL None or 3/32" 7. 8 17 3/32" Rod - Verticsl Fillets 1 115-13 Dow 140-160 3/32" 10. /16"or3/32 6 or 7 a/2 17 1.2Butt 19o-422o I/S... 8 1,2 utt 190-220 9220 180-210 1/8" 11 AL /" 8 or 8 10 21 Up or Down 3/16' 5,6 Lap (c 210-240 190-220 Up 180-210 1/8" 9 AL 1/8" 8 or 8 10 21 7 Corner DI% 190-220 180-210 Up 180-210 1/8" 11 AL 1/" 8 or 8 -- 0 21 Fillet 210-240 190-220 180-210 /j 1/8" 9 or 0 21 2 tt 260-300 220-260 210-250 3/16 10 AL 1/8 or 3/16 - -- 10 12 25 1/4" 5,6 Lap. 290-340 220-260 Up 210-250 3/16" 8 AL 1/8" or 3/16'.10 12 25 1 rd 1 ~ onr~~P /4" 25OdverhieadTw Pses Corner 280-320 220-260 Up 210-250 3/16" 10 AL 1/8' or 3/16" 10 12 25 Oerhed To P a~.. 10 1225 8 Fillet a 280-320 220-260 p 210-250 3/16' 8 AL 1/8" or 3/16"'...... 12 2 1/8" d Verticl 3 Butt 0-380 -300 5-300 3/16",1/4" 5 AL /16" or 1/4 -- -- 10 14 29 Two Psses 3/8" 6 Lap'I 330-380 250-300 250-300 3/16",1/4" 5 AL 3/16' or 1/4'. 10 14 29 Two Passes 8 Tee Fillets 350-400 250-300 250-300 3/16",1/4" S AL 3/16" or 1/4'. 10 14 29 Two Peasses 10 Corner 330-380 250-300 250-300 3/16" 1/4 5 AL 3/16" or 1/4". 10 14 29 Two Passes 3 Butt 400-450 290-350 Up 250-300 3/16", 1/4" 3 AL 3/16" or 1/4 -- -- 12 15 31 Two or Three Passes 1/2" 6 Lap 400-450 300-350 Up 275-325 3/16", 1/4" 3 AL 3/16" or 1/4". 12 s15 31 Three Passes 8 Tee Fillet 420-470 300-350 Up 275-325 3/16",1/4" 3 AL 3/16" or 1/4" 10 15 31 Three Passe 10 Corner 400-450 300-350 Up 275-325 3/16",1/4" 3 AL 3/16" or 1/4".. 10 or 12 I15 31 Three Passes S Use OXIRLD No. 14 Rod for 2S & 3S Aluminus; OXIELbl No. 23 Rod for all orther aluminum alloys. * ielding speed for flat position. e If two sizes are listedthe smeller is for vertical and overhead welding. Use a larger eler-ode or slightly lower welding current when balanced-wave transformer is used. TABLE 12

TABLE 13 APPROXIMATE TIP SIZES AND GAS PRESSURES FOR GAS WELDING METAL OXY-HYDROGEN OXY-ACET THICKNESS, DIAMETER OXYGEN HYDROGEN DIANEWER OXYGEN ACETYLENE B. & S. OF ORIFICE PRESSURE, PRESSURE, OF ORIFICE PRESSURE PRESSURE, Gage in Tip, In. Psi Psi in Tip, In. Psi Psi 24-22 0.035 1 1 0.025 1 1 20-18 o.o45 1 1 0.035 1 1 16-14 0.065 2 1 0.045 2 2 12-10 0.075 2 1 o.o55 3 3 1/8-3/16 0.095 3 2 0.065 4 4 1/4 0.1o5 4 2 0.075 5 5 5/16 0.115 4 2 0.085 5 5 3/8 0.125 5 3 0.095 6 6 5/8 0.150 8 6 0.105 7 7 DATA FOR GAS WELDING TANK-TYPE STRUCTURES DIAMETER WIRE LB. WIRE/ LB. FLUX/ RATE OF GAGE, OPENING DIAMETER, 100 Ft. of 100 Ft. of WELDING In. GAS USED Tip, In. In. Weld Weld Ft./Hr. 1/16 Oxy-hydrogen 0.055 0.125 6.o 2.0 12.0 1/8 Oxy-hydrogen 0.075 0.146 12.5 3.0 10.0 1/4 Oxy-acetylene 0.075 0.184 20.0 5 5 8.0 3/8 Oxy-acetylene o.084 0.184 30.0 10.0 6.o 1/2 Oxy-acetylene 0.095 0.250 35.0 15.0 3.5 5/8 Oxy-acetylene 0.095 0.312 40.0 18.0 3.5

TAB~LE: It ELECTRODE SIZES AND MACHINE SETINGS FOR MANUAL SHIELDED METAL-ARC AND CARBON-ARC WELDING METAL ELECTRODE APPROXIMATE NO. OF PASSES ELECTRODE CONSUPTION. O THICKNESS, DIAMETER, CURRENT, Lap and Lb./100 Ft. of Weld ELECTRODES In. In. Amp. Butt Joints Tee Joints Butt Tee per Lb. 0.081 1/8 6o 1 1 4.7 5.3 6.3 32 0.101 1/8 70 1 1 5.0 5.7 6.3 32 0.125 1/8 8o 1 1 5.7 6.25 6.3 32 0.156 1/8 100 1 1 6.3 6.5 6.5 32 0.187 5/32 125 1 1 8.7 9.0 9.0 23 0.250 3/16 i6o 1 1 12.0 12.0 12.0 17 0.375 3/16 for Laps and Fillets 200 2 3 25 29 35 17 1/i for Butts 0.500 3/16 for Laps and Fillets 300 3 3 35 35 35 17 1/4 for Butts

TABLE 15 ELICTRODE SELECTION FOR ARC-WELDING CLAD STES COVER EXPOSED COMPLETE BALANCE ALLOY TO STEEL SEML WITH OF (WEIDS NOT EXPOSED CLADDING 1ST PASS OR LAYER WELD WITH TO CORROSION) 405 25-20, 25-12, 18 Crl 25-20,25-12, 18 Cr1 25-20, 25-12 410 25-20, 25-12, 18 Cr1 25-20, 25-12, 18 Cr1 25-20, 25-12 14-16 Cr 25-20, 25-12, 28 Crl 25-20, 25-12, 18 Crl 25-20, 25-12 430 25-20, 25-12, 28 Cr1 25-20, 25-12, 18 Cr1 25-20, 25-12 301 25-20, 25-12 25-20, 25-12, 19-9 25-20, 25-12 302 25-20, 25-12 25-20, 25-12, 19-9 25-20, 25-12 302 25-20, 25-12 25-20, 25-12, 19-9 25-20, 25-12 308 25-20, 25-12 25-20, 25-12, 19-9 25-20, 25-12 321 25-20Cb, 25-12 Cb 25-20 Cb, 25-12 Cb, 25-20, 25-12 19-9 Cb 25-20 Cb, 25-12 Cb 347 25-20 Cb, 25-12 Cb 25-20 Cb, 25-12 Cb, 25-20, 25-12, 19-9 Cb 25-20 Cb, 25-12 Cr 309 25-20 25-20 25-20, 25-12 310 25-20 25-20 25-20, 25-12 316 25-20 Mo, 25-12 Mo 25-20 Mo, 25-12 Mo, 25-20, 25-12, 19-9 Mo 25-20 Mo, 25-12 Mo "L" Nickel Nickel, Monel Nickel Nickel 80 Ni-20 Cr, 25-20 Cb, 25-12 Cb Nickel Nickel, 80 Ni-20 Cr2 Nickel, 80 Ni-20 Cr2 Nickel 80 Ni-20 Cr, 25-20, 25-12 Monel Nickel Monel Nickel Inconel 80 Ni-20 Cr 80 Ni-20 Cr 80 Ni-20 Cr, 25-20, 25-12 1Must be used under certain corrosive conditions. 2iay be used under certain corrosive conditions.

TABLE 16 JOINT PREPAAT~0TION FOR ARC-WELDING CLAD STEELS MANUAL PROCESS 18 to 16 Gage / Steel Weld from Stainless Side ladding 5/64v" Diam. Stainless Electrode l 4 to 1 Gage t) 77m~/ 7T' 77 7/ 7 N 3/32" Diam. Stainless Electrode'F-~;T~fs/Z ff-'''4'L7''77' Weld from Stainless Side First Stainless Steel Weld heroughout 3/32" Diam. Stainless Electrode,,,////// // // //.:-//// ///7 a / 4 So'ft Steel or Mainless Weleld 10 Gage to 3/16 in. 0Over 3/16" AIRCOMATIC PROCESS 32, -LfiNV Single Pass from Backing Side. Single P$ass fro' Backing Side,

TABLE 17 ELECTRODE SIZES AND MACHINE SETLINGS FOR ARC-WELDING CLAD STEELS MILD STEEL Current, Amp. AWS TYPE E6010 E601l E6012 E6020 E6030 Current D.C., D.C., A.C. and D.C., Str. or Str. or or Polarity Rev. A.C. A.C. A.C. D.C. 1/8 80-120 90-130 110-150 5/32 120-160 120-180 130-190 3/16 140-220 140-220 180-230 1/4 200-300 200-300 250-330 5/16 250-400 250-400 350-450 ALLOY STEEL CHROMIUM CHROMIUM- INCONEL ELECTRODE S'TEEL NICKEL AND DIAMER, AND PURE STEEL AND 80 NICKEL-20 IN. NICKEL MONEL CHROMIUM STEEL 1/8 90-130 70-105 80-100 5/32 125-170 100-140 110-140 3/16 160-210 130-180 140-160 1/4 200-300 240-400

TABLE 18 TYPICAL DATA FOR INERT-GAS-SHIELDED ARC-WELDING OF TITANIUM TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE Electrode Tungsten, 1/16 to 3/32 in. Bare titanium wire, diam. 1/i6 in. diam. Shielding gas Argon or helium, 15 to 35 Argon-helium mixture, cu. ft. per hr. (adjusted 60 to 100 cu. ft. per hr., to give shiny weld-metal 30 argon, 70 helium, trailsurface) ing shield, 30 to 100 cu. ft. per hr. Travel speed 4 to 25 in. per min. 10 to 20 in. per min. Welding current D-c electrode negative, D-c electrode positive, 100 to 150 amp. at 18 to 300 to 450 amp. at 30 to 26 arc volts 35 arc volts Base-metal thickness 1/16 to 1/2 in. 3/16 to 1/2 in. Type of joint 1/16 to 1/8 in., square butt Single or double vee, 70 or single vee, 3/16 to 1/2 to 90 deg. included angle, in., single or double vee single or multi-layer welds

TABLE 19 DUCTILE TITANIUM WELDS TENSILE ALLOY CONDITION ELONGATION (%) STRENGTH (psi) 5% Mn (RC 130A) 13400 F. - 60 min., AC 15 145,000 (m-7% Mn) 2.5% Cr, 1% Fe (Ti 150A) 13300 F. - 60 min., AC 11 150,000 4% Cr, 2% Mo (Ti-XCM) As-welded 13 110,000 5% Al 15500 F. - 30 min., WQ 13 120,000 5% Cr 13300 F. - 30 min., WQ 13 110,000 5% Mo 15000 F. - 60 min., WQ 18 110,000 AC - Air Cool. W2 $- Water quench.

*AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY* SUMMARY OF STANDARD WELDING SYMBOLS IDENTIFICATION OF ARROW SIDE AND OTHER SIDE OF JOINT AND ARROW-SIDE AND OTHER-SIDE MEMBER OF JOINT ARROW SIDE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ARROW SIDE ARROW OF ARROW SIDE OF JT OTHER SIDE ARR — WELDING SYMBOLOTHER SIDEJOIT ARROW OF O F — RO DN —F JOINT MEMBER OF JOINT WELDING SYMBOL - - -HOF JOINT OF JOINT - -- - JON - - - - -- - -- S EF - - -. —_-:J —---------'- I..... — r ~ ~ ~ ~.:Z —'-'-".... -1; 1...,- ~- I -- (IC-;L -./ - SIDE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OFJINT T ER- SID - I- — JF-OF,JOINT AJRROW OFIWFO SI NI IC NC B L - I-R ARROWIOSIDE A R ROW OIN NG O J EMIN OF JOINT F OWLD IN G STR WELDING SYMBOL WELDING SYMBOLRLN SL AROL OF BASIC WELDING SYMBOLS LOCATIONOFELEMENTSOFAWELDINGSYMEOL ARTAS WELDING SYMBOLS RESISTANCEWY G LO CA TIO N PL U G L A S H C OFTOAR 5DM 001. SIDE> NOT NOTSLOT SUR\f BVL uPOE IN SOTEA OR InTPS ET FILCTIONL _______ UPSET FORTLAD ANOSLOY WELDS F LENGTH OFS001.0 NOT/N NOT NOT NOT NOT SOY TYP CAL WELDING~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, W DHELDA RCAND FO RESISTANCE WELDS WE DP G Y B L I WELDING S Y M B L,APPLIcABE E SIZE(LENGTH OF LEG). ENGTH OF I....CRE.ENTS. USE cE IL E ARo AD EET EF-L DOVE WEL S-YMR L OL0000-SIE WELER) D B TCH (DISTANCE BETWEEN Di A. OF WE L. D MAY JI OENTERS)OF INCREMENTS.ESD GUSSD UD UDT ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ A.....~~~~~~~~.' SOY~~~60 NT6_ SO BOTH SIDES SOY NOT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~.......J~..... ~ / - ~ O:,....~....\....i2 U O O O PEFCTU RCS 0 DUAL BEAD WELD SYMBOL INDICATING BUILT-UP SURFAE RESINGLE-V GROOVE WELDING SYMBOL PLUG WELDING SYMBOLE SE WELFELGELY0001 SIZE (HIGHT OFDEPO~lf ORIENTTION, LCATION SIZE (DEPTH OF CHAMFERI DSAC NC). EN -NTEUSE F./ / T O......... OSF O OM S AND ALL DIMENSIONS 0~~~~~~~MISSION INDICATES DEPTH MN CETBESER.0USEDIOUSEDDCAT OFjCHAUSIE DI.O HOLED USDUSD TILOITWERRFHOSE(NTED-L-UO SOO NOO ARROW-EGH' SID ZED.CTWELDSYHANLORIPEECYEERING EIOUAL TO -, CONNEIN DOORSOY ONTHE SOYWING CKNSS OF MEMBERS OT SOT NOSOTDETILLN R R NCME R MPAY OTHER SIDE ~ Z7~S~ USED USED HOED HOED USED HOED O USEDDUSED ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"SIGNIFICANCE~ NL.I SIOPEE TYP Y ICA CAL WE LDNG SYMBOL S BEAD WELDL SYMBOL INDICATSTAGGREDVINTERMITTENT-FIL WEDING PEETATIS YMBOL WELDING SYMBOLS FOR COMBINED WELDS ROJECTION WELDINGOL SIZE (LENGTH OF LEG). ANYT OPLIARESIGLNIDTLNTHOFLIGHOFINREENSLO ERCLATHEAIEOCNTOSC GOD DOE WEDOYMBOL. ~PIYCAIDISASCE NEYDEN 4NZ~-' o~ DIA.OFHLONHY NE 50 6 S 001.0 OMISSION INDICATES DEPTH OFCETERSOF ICHIMLLI.B GI1USEDINSTAD.L41 NDIEEOFS01.00 60 IN................................, ~, r..~_~........HER THAN..V DUA BE ADH WELDSMBLINIATN BUIT-UPN SBURFCP INL- GROOV WELIN SYMBOLLUG WEDINGTE SYMOLSEAIWLDIG YMBL SGCSH00.0W0 NI EIGEIGOCFA EOITTINAION, PTHTW LOCAXTIOND SD DEPTHO COETATF IONGI._ IENCHEETESS. 2 1. 0000 ONISSION INDICATES NO ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CANGESALL DIRECT.,ONS OOSSOFIOLLEINGTOWLD ISNACEPAOESEAO30P-LUYEYYCUUE NOON 0000 DRAWNIONGD. 9YIONON F EROO0T OPENING. ONPHE OFRFILING.I.0010 A 0ooloo "" - GROOVE ANGE...,,,~~~~~~~~ ~ "'.00 ANGLE ~.....C.....S.. USED INSTEAD. DOULA E -FILLET WELDNG SYMBOL SDTINGULE-EV GROOV E WELDING SYMBOL GROOESOT WELDING SYMBOL FLASH ORUGET WELDING SYMBOL NIISSION1OF.0IZE0D0MOFS O.SZEAM WEND T OIENTATON LO SYMBOL ~IE. ONISSION INDCATES ____________INDICATESPTA OROW POINTSA ISWANDALLNOlACSSIEAS PROCESS REFERENCE SIE(EGHO LEG) DI' I2 1 FEHING~LI.~"N. ]..........LE H INCREE NTS.HTOTALDETHTF$0`00000000 OF~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NEHO ELS IR PECIFIOFPROCESS WELDA0000000 DERN OFQ0000 TOTNCOS. NCA25E4ITCH000000NCE MUSTBEUSEMNC H O O O R HEER N. U0 0 00 A HPY SD PLS+' OMISSION INDICATES N O FILLING ARLEN SHOWNS 0-_ ORCH ADISTANCENBETWED. OPENINGESS OF ME M SERS. WELD MAY BE USED T CENTERS) OF INDICATE PROCESS. CEO CHIN-ERST OF TN-ILMELT E I SM LOUB LE GROOVEEWELDINGSSYMBTELDIRGSY. BRA F. T oN S U P P L E M E N T A R Y S Y M B 0 L S U S E D W I T H W E L D I N G S Y M B 0 LSRENGTH N LB PE ~~~~OISIOWN OF THE0 DIMEINSIRON O P N IG WELD-ALL-AOUND SYMBO FILDWLDROOL ILDWLDPONSYBL 000000OTOU SlOEBOLA.CONVEX15-NUMERTOU00100.MYMBO __4 WELD- ROFND INCREMENTS.INDDCCAESSTAATOTAL DEPOTFRUNHACCEPTAURSYMBLE L AFRNPROCS EFEELLNC E SIDE ILENOTA OF EG C -jj 2-6 OFC ANF ERINA EOUA 100 000000 TA BECOANFEREINSTRENGHAINLLB-P00. 20 ~P1000 CHE 00U000MUST.00000000. 0 PITCH AROUND STANCE 0J00000 OTHERNEANTOFTMOORE WELD MAYDBE USED BEATWEE CMETHRS OF INDICAICTE OCESS D~~~~~~~~~~~~ETRIOINRBNS 000AGE N ~~OPENING. INSETED I'IRB ICEMNS / DSRD WELDING SUPPOL SINGLE'VGROOVEWELDINGSYMBOL INDICATINGROOTPENETARYTION SLOTWELDING SYMBOL FLASHRUPSED T WELDING SYMBOL D-ALL-AROUND SYMBOL DFIELDMWELDNSYMBOLS _______'R_______..__S ICLNVEX-CONTOURESYBO 100100000 000 WELD EAEN DO ~ 1S000000 THAT WELD IN FLO H-ECMADEUF 500001..U F'M: ~GIN I E OH FYNO FI(HOE' IIHSO NLUEH I OTHE THASY AY OF O0EMA EF1.05 WOESINDICH ENMET UDAF I DICAY NFACE F 001D INOTAHERB YTHAN I-INITIAL CONETRACTION 90000 0100000TFINISH ONPEINING SPECIFIED To P1010000~S000010100ESPECIFIED. ISBLEINDI S WELD CONTU B DGRE INS. 9 TO~~~//~ BBDF..........M... RE.FF...S MNACETABLE 20EA

BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Dave, "Taming Titanium," Modern Metals, September, 1954 American Society for Metals, Committee on Titanium, Titanium and TitaniUm Alloys, Metal Progress,,July 15, 1954.0 American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Qualification Standard for Welding Procedures, Welders, and Welding Operators, ASME, New York, 195. d Kutchief,,T'Tractical Aspects of Welding Titanium Alloys Chye,. J, ad Kutuchief, J.., 1 1 WeldingResearch Sulapplement, Welding Journal, February, 1953. Faulkner, G. E., "The Effects of Alloying Elements on Welds in Titanium, The Tooul Engineer, Jly 1954. Gilbert, Lew, Pocket Manual of Arc Welding, Industrial Book Company, 1952. Harthblower, E. E., and Daley, Jr., D. M., "Alloy Welds Deposited in nalloyed' Titanium Base Metal," Welding Journal, July, 1954. Ingersoll Steel and Disc Division, Borg-Warner Corporation, Manual of Welding and Fabricating Procedures for inrgaclad Stainless-Clad Steel 1940. It~ernational Nickel C~ompany, Inc., Technical Bulletin. T-2. Jef-f"erson, T. B,, Welding Design Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1948. Jefferson, T. B., The Welding Encyclopedia, 11th Ed., The Weldi-ng Engineer Pudblishing Company,, 1943....9ide Air Products C."ompany, How to Weld with Heliarc Torches. Manz-tin, D. C., ad Voldrich, C3. B.,, Ef'_fects of Carbon, Oxygen and~ Nitrogen on -the Properties of Welds in Titanibum Sheet, WAD(,' Techrii al Report, l9t5' Iv~a0yer, H. M., and Rostoker, W., Study of Effects of Alloying Eleme~n..t s.- on thre Weldability o-f Titanium Sheetr., WADC Technical Report., 1954. Morris", J., Welding Principles for Engineers., Prentice-Hall, In 1 95L. Revere Copper and Brass, Inc., Welding Coperlst Ed., 1947. Rigsby, H. P., Welding Fundamentals, Pitman Publishing Corporation, 1948. Stileri, Emanude, Basic Welding Principles, Prentice-Hall., Inc., 1953. Titanium Metals Corporation, Handbook on Titanium Metal, 6th Ed., 1952.

BIBLIOGRAPIIrY (Cont'I. ) Watson, T. T., and Rothermel, R. R., "Aircomatic Welding o~Nce n.San less-Clad. Steels," Welding Journal,, March., 1951. Welding Handbook Committee,, Welding Handbook, 3rd Ed.,,American Welding Society, 1950.-'West, E. G., The Welding of Non-Ferrous Metals,, Chapman anld Hall., Ltd., 1951.