ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PROPOSAL FOR A REMOTELY OPERATED HOT CELL AND PROCESSING BUILDING Prepared. by: H. A. Ohlgren M. E. Weech J. J. Buliner May 5, 1955

TABLE OF CONTENTS FIn~~~~~O~N ~PageN I. INTRODUCTION 1 0 ADVANTAGES FACILITY WOULD GIVE,TE UiVERSITY OF ICHIGAN 1 III. BUILDING DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 2 A. Builing Design 2 B. Cell and Building Arrangement 5 1. Processing Cell 5 2. Remote Manipulation Cell 6 3 Cold Operating and Makeup Area 6. Chemical Laboratory and Sampling Areas 7 C. Safety Provisions 7 IV. OFFICES AND BTrUILDING lTrLITIES 8 V. COST SUMMARY 8 A. Figures 1. Figure 1- Cuitaway View of Processing Building and. Cells 3 2. Figure 2- Exterior View of Processing Building B. Engineering Drawings 1. D-111-91-1 -Cold. Service and. Operating Area Plan 9 2, D-111~12 -Cell1s and. Remote Control Room. Plan 10 3. D-1lll-91-3 -Processing Cell Elevation 11 14, D.-111-91-4 Control Room and. Remote Manipulation Cell Elevator 12 5, D-111-92-1l Dissolution and. Extraction Flowsheet 13 6t D-111-92-2 - Solvent and. Waste Treatment Flowsheet 1 7. D-1lll-92-3R - Off-Gas Treatment 15

Iv INTRODUCTION One of the major problems associated with industrial util'zation of nuclear engineering is the problems of processing fuels and radio hemicals into useable form. Work done at the University of Michigan Ato Energy Coison sites, and at other locations has demonstrated that many uses can be made of nuclear radiations. Some of this work indicates promise to the pont that the complexion of fission product wastes changes from a igh -ost waste disposal problem to a product that can have considerable value. For industrial se of fission products as radiation sources to become widespread, the cost of these fission products in convenient package form must be kept lo The intent of this proposal is to provide at the University remote operating and handling facilities which can be integrated with the activities of the Universityls nuclear reactor now under construction The proposed facility will offer extended opportunities in'University research and teaching in the unknowns of nuclear energy, thus creating new knowledge. Means are provided so that investigations can result Ir heap processes for separating reactor fuels from fission products, metods of pakaging fis sion products can be examined, and application of the rada'io from ssLon pro ducts at mega-curie levels for a wide variety of new purposes car be tudied. By these means, the University through its programs an assme the leadersip in providing an ever expanding useful technology and traning. The building provides chemical1 laboratory fac1."tii an d hot:ampling stations, adequate office space for the building staff and. all associatGed bu il'ding facilities. Total cost for the building and installed equiprnent'is approxilmately $6oo.,ooo. IT. ADVAN-TAGE6S FACILITY WOULD GIVE THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prixnary interest the University has'in such a facility'is the train-~ ing and teaching of personnel in the techniques of remotely operated processes, handling of mega-curie levels of activity,, and'in the application of these materials and techniques for further research. The facility proposed is designed for training of students in small groups as laboratory courses as well as graduate research. Many possibilities exist for research utilizing radiation from fission products. Considerable work has already been done at the University of Michigan,. Fission Products Laboratory,'in this field. The proposed facility would permit work to be done at much higher radiation flux levels than heretofore. As an example, radiation promoted chemical reactions would react much faster in the

higher flux permitting more economical use of research time. Reactions may be discovered that were undetected at lower radiation flux leves. New products and new processes in many phases of our life can result. In addition, such operations as sterilization, polmerization, and irradiation of polymers could be conducted in a much shorter period of time at the radiation flux levels proposed than for currently available flux levels, A processing cell and necessary equipment provides the means of investigating processes for separating fission products from fissionable material and to educate personnel in the techniques of design and operation of such processes. Space can be mad~e available for research into processes for separating specific fission products from gross fission products and in packaging these products into convenient, safe, and economical containers. Chemical laboratory space and equipment is provided for analytical control work. This space is also available for training and research on tracer techniques or other problems requiring the use of small quantities of radioactive material thus implementing the Phoenix Memorial Building. Hoods, laboratory benches, glove boxes, and. chemical storage facilities have been provided. Space is available in the directly operated areas for pilot plant work on a small scale. This space was provided primarily to be integrated with the irradiation facilities in the hot cell for the study of irradiation initiated chemical reactions. However, this space can be used for other purposes~ Offices and building facilities are provided f1or use by the building occupants, One large office could be converted to classroom use, The facility proposed. woud. be the first of its kind. outsid~e of the Atomic Energy Conimission. Facilities for research in the d~iscussed. field~s are not commonly a-vailable to ind~ustry and. possession of such facilities by the University would. aid. materially in getting high caliber grad~uate stud~ents. Many research projec~ts, both sponsored. and. acad~emic,, would. be forthcoming for the same reasons, I-J, BUILDING DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION A. Build~ing Design The tentative build~ing d~esign uses a slightly sloping roof of silmple beam type construction, Roof is'insulated. sheet metal with an upper reflecting surface, Walls are block construction with a sprayed. paint exterior and. interior. Wind~ow sills and. d~oor frames are metal with the wind~ow panes in aluminum frames. Floors of the offices, corrid~ors, laboratories, and. lavatories, are concrete base with an asphalt tile covering. Fl oors in the cold. makeup and. operating areas, utilities room, and. sampling corrid~ors, are painted. concrete. Partition walls are of block construction, paint sprayed., A load~ing ramp'is provid~ed. at the rear of the build~ing. An exterior view of this build~ing is shown in Figure 1.

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B. Cell and Building Arrangement The position of the cells in relation to the building is shown in Figure I with the cell access staizray shown in Figure 2. 0ne cells are arranged so that a minimum of 5-1/2 feet of concrete is alw-ays between any personnel working in the area and any radiation source in the cell. Maximum advantage of earth shielding is -taken whenever possible. The precautions taken will assure a lower than tolerance radiation level for all personnel in normal work locations. 1. Processing Cell In this cell is housed the eqruipment to make a separation of fi$ssion products from fissionable material. It is assumed that the starting material will be irradiated fuel elements of an MTR type that could come from the inifversity reactor or other sources. These elements are charged to a dissolver and dissolved in nitric acid with the resultant solution, then routed through the process equipment. The products from the processes are essentially two aqueous streams; one containing the uranium solution which is cold from a radiation standpoint, with the other stream containing the highly radioactive fission products. The cold uranium is returned to the Atomic Energy Commission and the fission products are retained in the cell for investigation of processing and packaging techniques. This process of separating uranium from fission products is a proven type that is currently used at many Atomic Energy installations. The equipment layout in the processing cell is shown in'the engineering drawings D-lll91-2 and D-lll-91-3. Instruments for controlling the process are placed on the control board. in the Cold Service and Operating Area as shown in D-lL1-94. IAlso.in this area are the cold makeup and feed tanks that are used to feed. streams to the process. Access to the processing cell can be had througlh a covered hatchway, in the top of the cell. This cover can be removed with the overhead bridge crane shown. in D-lll-91-l1 As in any research of chemical. processes, -there are a number of waste streams which must be disposed. In this process there are gaseous and lilquid wastes that must be discarded. Each of these streams can be deconta.inated before discharging to the atmosphere or sewer. The liquid waste streams are evaporated and condensed several times, then analyzed for radioactivity before discharging. At the time of discharge, drinking water specifications can be met. Gaseous wastes are handled by neutralization and scrubbing with caustic and adsorbing all radioactive fission product gases in an adsorption bed, and then filtering before discharge up a stack. The gases being discharged are monitored. continually before discharge. The off-gas system is shown in D-111-92-3. Adsorption beds are placed in a shielded area as shown in D-111-91-1, items 425-1 and 425-2. A second personnel access to the processing cell is provided by the stairway shown if Figure 2, D-1ll-91-1, 2, and 4. -51

Engineering flowsheets of the equipment in the processing cell are shown in D-111-92-1 and D-111-92-2. 2. Remote Manipulation Cell This ell provides the necessary shield ing and remote manipalators necessary for work with very high levels of radloactivity such as would be present when investigating processing and packaging techniques for fission products. The physical layout of this is illustrated in Figure 2, Dl11-912, and DI111-91-4. The remote manipulator'is designed to raise and move articles from any position a foot or more from the cell wall. In addition, the manipulator will do simple hand motions such as turning or wrist motionso Special adaptors can be supplied for the variety of jobs this manipulator will be required to do. T1he manipulator will be operated from behind a higha density glass or shielded window, and is shown in Dlll-91-2. Those view angles not covered by the window can be seen by a periscope equipped with a movable mirror mThi's periscope is mounted alongside the mirror as shown in D-lll91-2. Access to equipment in this cell is provided through a removable hatch cover at the top of the cell and through the laybrinth corridor from the remote manipulation control area. Any radioactive material that must be transported from the processing cell to the remote manipulfation cell must be hasndled in a shielded cask, If it is necessary for personnel to enter the remote manipulation cell for maintenance or other work, any radioactive material present in the cell would be placed into shielded casks. The remote manipulator is designed to remove the lid on the shielded cask, place the radioactive material In the cask and replace the lid? This procedure means that a cask must be kept in the remote manipulatilon cell. 30. Cold Operating and Makeup Area Part of the functions of this area have already been discussed in connection with the processing cell. The space shown on D-ll1-991-l arked chemical storage can be made available for unit operation for the stu.dy of radiation initiated chemical reactions, sterilizations, or other p~.rposes. For investigation of processes for separ-at;ing specifi fission pr0oduCts fro g0ross fission products this space is used for solution feed or make-up tanks re ared in the processes. The area also servres as an access way to the ce.11s thkirough the ell hatchways. The bridge crane is provided to lift and set aside these hatch covers o The lead plate shown in D-lll-91-1 covers the flange on the irradiated fuel element dissolvero These fuel elements are assumed to be brought into the area in a shielded cask that unloads through a sliding gate in the bottom. The dissolver flange bolts are removed with the lead plate in place, the cask is

placed over the dissolveir and'is guided into- place by t-apered guide pins, the lead plate and dissolver flange are slid back exposing the dissolver entrance pipe, the bottom gate on the cask is slowly opened, and te f el elements drop one by one into the dissolver. The steps outlined are then done in inverse order which leaves the dissolver ready for operationo Other equipment in tiss area not mentioned before are the actuating pistons and controls for the remote head pumps used in the process. These are items 455-1, 2, 3, and 4-, situated behind the control.board. 4. Chemical Laboratory and Sampling Areas A chemical laboratory is provided for control analysis of the extraction process, However, not all the space or facilities of the laboratory will be required for this purpose. Research on many other phases of radiochemistry, radiation initiated chemical reactions, or other'"hot" work can readily be done in the same facilities0 The laboratory is provided with glove boxes, hot hoods, and other equipment necessary to do work on radioactive materials0.The layout of the laboratory in relation to the rest of the building is shown in D-lll-91-o A sample corridor is needed for sampling the hot streams of the extraction process. In this corrid.or a jet vacuum system transfers a solution from the vessel, whose contents are to be analyzed., into a sample bottle~ The small quantity of solution in the sample bottle is di-luted by a definite quantity of water and an aliquot of the diluted solution is taken for analysiso The dilution of the initial sample results in a material that is "cold. enough to analyze by normal radiochemical pro cedv eso These operations are all cond.ucted remote-ly behind thick concrete shielding until the final sample'is withdrawn~ e equlprent that does thes operations has been developed and. is in d.aily use. Costs and. ]ianowledge of t es$ of etaiapment that might be used are based upon past exerenr e rc- le fi2eld0 C. Safety Provisions Safety provisions as to design and operaion have beean dhaered to based upon current practices and procedu.res n the Atomie Exnergy Cc iaision installations. In no case will the allowable tolerance level for perlsonnel working ir the area be exceeded and for areas ocacupied frequently by personnel these levels will not be approached. Suitable radiation monitors have incr.uded in the estimated cost such that continuous checkilng of -radilation in given areas can be done. All liquiid wastes that mtist be disceharged from T he process wil be decontaminated twice by evaporation and then analyzed before discharge. All acids are neutralized. in the evaporation step such that no chemical wastes will be discharged. These methods result in dstcharging waste r which meets tolerance standards o Radioactive gases that are evolved'in the fuel elenent disssolution step are scrubbed. with caustie osluion to re oe aacdvioa tie iodine ad d.rome b 0i

Any radioactive krypton or xenon is removed in adsorbing material. The remainder of the gas is non-radioactive and is filtered through special filters and discharged from a stack. With these provisions, no radioactivity can be discharged to the atmosphere. It should be emphasized at this time that this is a proposal and not a final design. Should this project progress into a final design stage, the safety aspects would be thoroughly reviewed to insure that no safety provision had been omitted in the proposal preparation. IV. OFFICES AND BUILDING UTILITIES The building proposed includes two offices, lavatories, and general utilities. Since the building location in relation to other-campus facilities is uncertain, a steam generator was included in the facilities. This generator will provide low pressure steam for building heating through a pressure reducer, and high pressure steam for process and pilot plant uses. Other utilities provided include an air compressor and water demineralizer. Provisions have been made in the costs for sewer and water line connections to the building. No costs for roadway construction to the building were made. V. COST SUMMARY A summary of unit costs are given in Table I below. Only the major breakdowns are given. However, the pricing of individual items was gone into in considerable detail. Much of the cost data was based on quotations from equipment manufacturers. Estimates of building costs were arrived at by combinations of contractor quotations and considerable past experience in the pricing of Atomic Energy Commission installations. TABLE I COST SUMMARY ON REMOTE MANIPULATIONS, PROCESSING, AND LABORATORY PROPOSAL Process Equipment and Machinery $265,000 Buildings and Structures 355,000 Total Estimate *620,000 -8

68' O"!. r ~8< ~12~ 9' 6O..9; MEN 8'0" X 12'9" CHEMICAL LABORATORY UTILITIES 10'9" X 36'9" STORAGE 9' d'X 18'6" WOMEN 9' d' X 12'9 SAMPLING CORRIDOR 7' O" X 36'9" LEAD PLATE OVER 306"1 I HATCH I HATCH I I I OPERATING AREA LOADING L[.... J COLD SOLUTION MAKE-UP! DCJ OFFICE 425 1 28' 9" X 45'9" BRIDGE II' S' X 12' 9" CRANE 1,,,-.e.e.. ()( )(J'U 3] CONTROL BOARD CHEMICAL STORAGE 6' 0 OFFICE 000000 IO' 0"X 19' 6" TO CELLS I MMl'I X r M I D_ -1 SC IPLAN_ I L Imumc. REIse rH l | WNm.Y DT 9- UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN coal -r HOT CELL PROPOSAL OPERATING AREA..r w. c~.c.O.D'III-9-I

47' 6" 250" 5 6 15' 0' 302-1 304-2 O~~~~~- 210 1 -If s~300-1 3 4 2o I H 300-3 PROCESSING CELL REMOTE MANIPULATION CELL 15'0" X 250" 15'0" X 15'O" 24100 0 00 2 2 301-j)214 3O004 C 0210-3 02.-4634 0 0g ~~ TTTTTT~~~TTT 1 ~CONTROL ROOM 7'O" -O ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE DT UNIVERSIy OF MICHIGAN r 2-28-55 ANN ARBOR MICHIGAN I TITL C E CTHOT CELL PROPOSAL REMOTE CONTROL ROOM D111 PLAN C IFI~IDICATION111912

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COMPRESSED AIR AIR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~STACK LR aDR KP. 63342 AFC STEAM S 2-2 FRESH r433-2 CAUSTIC ADDITION PUMP MP FUINEL 443-I 425-I II 653-lU I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CELL DECK AC1C CELL AIR 5OD-4~ JET 420-8 I TO H(XD UP 33W 302-2 DISSOLVER UFF-GAS SCRUBBER 130-1'SAMPLER 437-10 AIR LIFT Emmrmem Rnu Rc. lamnm m DIIII OFF - HOT CELL PIDIISAL — 7-HOT CELL PROPOAL DDI-9