PROGRESS REPORT NO. 3 KINETICS OF OXIDATION AND QUENCHING OF COMBUSTIBLES IN EXHAUST SYSTEMS OF GASOLINE ENGINES D. J. PATTERSON PERIOD: MAY 1, 1969 TO MAY 31, 1969 MAY 1969 This project is under'ttie technical supervision of the: Coordinaa.ting.Research Council APRAC-Cape'8-68 Steering Committee and is work performed by the: Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Under Contract No. CAPE-8-68(1-68)-CRC and Contract No. CPA-22-69-51-HEW

LONG-RANGE OBJECTIVES It is well-known that a significant amount of CO and unburned fuel may be consumed in the exhaust system of gasoline engines. Such combustion phenomena in exhaust reactors may be used to advantage to reduce the emission of these undesirable constituents. This process is the basis of exhaust air injection systems currently installed on some automobiles. The overall objectives of this three-year research program are: To determine the chemical and physical processes which affect the emission characteristics of exhaust reactors installed on selected typical engines operating at various conditions on a dynamometer test stand. To identify the chemical species and significant chemical reactions present before, within, and after the reactor. To obtain information which will be helpful in predicting the design of the next generation of gasoline engine exhaust reactors. CONTRACT PROGRESS The final CRC and HEW contracts with the University were executed this month. Full funding is now available to the program. PHASE 1 PROGRESS A stainless steel sampling system has been installed on the 350 CID Chevrolet engine exhaust system. Exhaust gas samples can be withdrawn from each exhaust port as well as below the exhaust wye and behind the muffler. The

engine has been installed with the vehicle exhaust system. A photograph of the installed engine is included at the end of this report. Pressure transducers have been ordered for the intake manifold, one cylinder, and exhaust system. Suitable designs have been formulated to install these tranducers. Design work is in progress to install a see-through quartz window in the exhaust system. A velocity of sound technique is being considered for instaneous exhaust port temperature measurements. Build-up work is nearly complete on the emission cart containing the NDIR analyzers. A separate cart will house the NO analyzer. In addition techniques are being explored for aldehyde measurement and for class analysis by subtractive columns. A decision has been made to delay purchase of the Beckman GC-4 chromatograph. It is thought that the Perkin-Elmer unit in our laboratory may be adequate for the investigation envisioned in this contract. If the Perkin-Elmer proves inadequate, then the GC-4 will be considered again. Mr. Cantwell, du Pont, has suggested that the two multicylinder reactors which they are providing will be ready around July 1, 1969. He is installing 1 inch diameter quartz windows at both ends. This will provide a direct optical path through the core of the reactor. The total cost of these reactors and modifications to the contract will be $2,000. The single cylinder reactor design is progressing. During June it is anticipated that preliminary emission data will be measured on the standard engine. Mr. Herbert Lord, a former U. of M. student, who will receive his doctorate

in August has been engaged as a full-time Research Associate on Phase I of this program. PHASE II PROGRESS No progress this month. PHASE III PROGRESS We have decided not to pursue our request to lease some equipment. This resulted from our decision to delay purchase of the GC-4. The immediate plan for Phase III is to begin setting up a subtractive column system for hydrocarbon class analysis. FINANCIAL SUMMARY Contract Term: February 24, 1969 to February 23, 1970 Overall Budget: $106, 455 Cumulative Expenditures Reported to April 30, 1969: None Unspent: $106, 455

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DISTRIBUTION LIST No. of Contract Distribution copies Mr. Alan E. Zengel 3 Assistant Project Manager Coordinating Research Council, Inc. 30 Rockefeller Plaza New York, New York 10020 Dr. P. R. Ryason 1 Chevron Research Company 576 Standard Avenue Richmond, California 94802 Mr. R. L. Bradow, Senior Chemist 1 Research and Technical Department Texaco, Inc. P. 0. Box 509 Beacon, New York 12508 Dr. E. N. Cantwell 1 Automotive Emissions Division Petroleum Laboratory E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc. Wilmington, Delaware 19898 Dr. J. B. Edwards 1 Research Section Chrysler Corporation 12800 Oakland Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48203 Mr. G. D. Kittredge 15 Motor Vehicle Research and Development Bell Tower Hotel 300 South Thayer Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Dr. C. H. Ruof 1 Scientific Laboratory Ford Motor Company P. O. Box 2055 Dearborn, Michigan 48121

DISTRIBUTION LIST (Concluded) No. of copies Contract Distribution Mr. R. C. Schwing 1 Research Center Laboratories Fuels and Lubricants Department General Motors Corporation General Motors Technical Center 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Michigan 48090 Mrs. Mary Englehart 1 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare National Air Pollution Control Administration 411 W. Chapel Hill Street Durham, North Carolina 27701 Internal Distribution Professor J. A. Bolt, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto.Lab., N.C. 1 Professor B. Carnahan, Dept. of Chem. Eng., East Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor J. A. Clark, Dept. of Mech. Eng., West Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor D. E. Cole, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto.Lab., N.C. 1 Professor N. A. Henein, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto.Lab., N.C. 1 Professor R. Kadlec, Dept. of Chemo Eng., East Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor J. Jo Martin, Dept. of Chem. Eng., East Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor W. Mirsky, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto.Lab., N.C. 1 Professor D. J. Patterson, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto. Lab., N.C. 2 Project File 15