PROGRESS REPORT NO. 10 KINETICS OF OXIDATION AND QUENCHING OF COMBUSTIBLES IN EXHAUST SYSTEMS OF GASOLINE ENGINES D. J. PATTERSON PERIOD: December 1, 1969 to December 31, 1969 DECEMBER 1969 This project is under the techniical supervision of the: Coordinating Research Council APRAC-Cape 8-68 Steering Committee and is work performed by the: Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Under Contract No. CAPE-8-68(1-68)-CRC and Contract No. CPA-22-69-51-HEW

LONG-RANGE OBJECTIVES It is well-known that a significant amount of CO and unburned fuel may be consumed in the exhaust system of gasoline engines. Such combustion phenomena in exhaust reactors may be used to advantage to reduce the emission of these undesirable constituents. This process is the basis of exhaust air injection systems currently installed on some automobiles. The overall objectives of this three-year research program are: To determine the chemical and physical processes which affect the emission characteristics of exhaust reactors installed on selected typical engines operating at various conditions on a dynamometer test stand. To identify the chemical species and significant chemical reactions present before, within, and after the reactor. To obtain information which will be helpful in predicting the design of the next generation of gasoline engine exhaust reactors. PHASE I PROGRESS Progress this month has been primarily on the two tank exhaust reactor system to be used for measuring kinetic data. Design of the two tank single cylinder exhaust reactor system has been completed and fabrication is in progress at Walker Manufacturing Company. The system is sketched in Figure 1. Hot exhaust gas will pass from the exhaust port through a perforated tube and into a 1350 cu in. surge and mixing tank and then through a nozzle and into the 50 cu in. reactor. The high velocity jets generated by the nozzle will be used to keep the reactor well stirred. The reactor nozzle may be easily

Blowout Sampling Patch Tap Insulation.'.' Thermocouple Heati Air Tape Inlet Thermocouple Thermocouples Exhaust Throttle Surge Tank Gas Inlet; Reactor - OO ~ --- Sampling Pressure Heatap Exchanger GagVenturi FigureExchang 1. Singe er Veo ntur _ _ Single cylncouple Figure 1. Single cylinder reactor system.

exchanged for an alternate design if substantial temperature or composition nonuniformities are found to exist inside the reactor. Air will be injected through a heated line at the reactor entrance. A throttle and bypass loop will be provided to vary the flow rate to the reactor without changing engine conditions. The two tanks and connecting piping will be constructed of HastelloyX and covered with ceramic fiber insulation, and should be capable of continuous operation at up to 20000F. Gas samples will be withdrawn at the reactor inlet and outlet through water-cooled sampling probes. Gas temperatures will be measured with shielded thermocouples in the surge tank, at the reactor entrance, at three locations inside the reactor, and at the bypass flowmeter. The degree of uniformity of temperature inside the reactor will be checked by comparing the three thermocouple readings. As a spot check the thermocouples can be moved around inside the reactor, and in addition the composition can be determined at various locations by inserting water-cooled sampling probes through the thermocouple taps. Surge tank and reactor pressures will be measured with manometers. Injection air flow rate will be measured with a critical flow orifice and temperature with a shielded thermocouple. Flow through the bypass loop will be measured with a Venturi meter after the gas has been cooled by passing through a heat exchanger. PHASE II PROGRESS Programming of the first generation model continues.

PHASE III PROGRESS Work continues to separate the lighter hydrocarbons using the PerkinElmer 800 gas chromatograph.

CRC CAPE 8-68 PROGRAM OVERALL FINANCIAL SUMMARY Program Total: February 24, 1969 - February 23, 1970 $106,455 Cumulative Expenditures through November 24, 1969 79,279 Balance $ 27,176 110 100 _ Labor - - -Projected N -- Actual Total - Projected - Actual 90 80 70 60 Dollars Thousands 0 L 7 50 40 -o. 20 10 - 20 A? M A M J Ju A S' N D J F Months 196'9 1970

DISTRIBUTION LIST No. of Contract Distribution copies Mr. Alan E. Zengel 3 Assistant Project Manager Coordinating Research Council, Inc. 30 Rockefeller Plaza New York, New York 10020 Dr. P. R. Ryason 1 Chevron Research Company 576 Standard Avenue Richmond, California 94802 Mr. R. L. Bradow, Senior Chemist 1 Research and Technical Department Texaco, Inc. P. 0. Box 509 Beacon, New York 12508 Dr. E. N. Cantwell 1 Automotive Emissions Division Petroleum Laboratory E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc. Wilmington, Delaware 19898 Dr. J. B. Edwards 1 Research Section Chrysler Corporation 12800 Oakland Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48203 Mr. G. D. Kittredge 15 Motor Vehicle Research and Development Bell Tower Hotel 300 South Thayer Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Dr. H. Niki 1 Scientific Laboratory Ford Motor Company P. O. Box 2053 Dearborn, Michigan 48121

DISTRIBUTION LIST (Concluded) No. of Contract Distribution copies Mr. R. C. Schwing 1 Research Center Laboratories Fuels and Lubricants Department General Motors Corporation General Motors Technical Center 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Michigan 48090 Mrs. Mary Englehart 1 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare National Air Pollution Control Administration 411 W. Chapel Hill Street Durham, North Carolina 27701 Internal Distribution Professor J. A. Bolt, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto. Lab., N.C. 1 Professor B. Carnahan, Dept. of Chem. Eng., East Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor J. A. Clark, Dept. of Mech. Eng., West Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor D. E. Cole, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto. Lab., N.C. 1 Professor N. A. Nenein, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto. Lab., N.C. 1 Professor R. Kadlec, Dept. of Chem. Eng., East Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor H. Lord, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto. Lab., N.C. 1 Professor J. J. Martin, Dept. of Chem. Eng., East Eng. Bldg. 1 Professor W. Mirsky, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto. Lab., N.C. 1 Professor D. J. Patterson, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Auto. Lab., N.C. 2 Project File 14

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