http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/60161 http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/retrieve/216774 http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/60161 Search the Channel search http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/64265 Title: Labor supply responses to adverse shocks under credit constraints: evidence from Bukidnon, Philippines<br/><br/>Authors: Malapit, Hazel Jean; Redoblado, Jade Eric; Cabungcal-Dolor, Deanna Margarett; Suministrado, Jasmin<br/><br/>Abstract: The ability of households to insure consumption from adverse shocks is an important aspect of vulnerability to poverty. How is consumption insurance achieved in a low-income setting where formal credit and insurance markets have been observed to be imperfect or missing? Using 2003 data from the Philippine province of Bukidnon, we investigate how labor supply is used to buffer transitory income shocks in light of credit constraints. We find that the most vulnerable households are those with little education and with few or no able-bodied male members. Appropriate policy responses include countercyclical workfare programs directed at households with high female-to-male ratios, households with high dependency ratios, and households with little or no education, as well as the provision of universal education and health care. These programs are likely to be effective in strengthening the labor endowments of households and improving their ability to cope with adverse shocks in the future. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/64264 Title: Does violent conflict make chronic poverty more likely? the Mindanao experience<br/><br/>Authors: Malapit, Hazel Jean L.; Clemente, Tina S.; Yunzal, Cristina<br/><br/>Abstract: This paper investigates whether provinces with violent conflict are more likely toexperience higher rates of chronic poverty. Following the findings that education andhealth outcomes are key determinants of chronic poverty, the Human DevelopmentIndex (HDI) and the Quality of Life Index (QLI) are used as proxy variables for chronicpoverty. T-tests of means for HDI and QLI are performed, comparing provinces withconflict and provinces without conflict. Results show that provinces experiencingconflict have significantly lower HDI outcomes relative to provinces that did not experience conflict. Pooled results for the QLI also show a statistically significant difference between the means of provinces with and without conflict. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/60131 Title: Security When People Matter: Structuring Incentives For User Behavior<br/><br/>Authors: MacKie-Mason, Jeffrey K.; Wash, Rick<br/><br/>Abstract: Humans are “smart components” in a system, but cannot be directly programmed to perform; rather, their autonomy must be respected as a design constraint and incentives provided to induce desired behavior. Sometimes these incentives are properly aligned, and the humans don’t represent a vulnerability. But often, a misalignment of incentives causes a weakness in the system that can be exploited by clever attackers. Incentive-centered design tools help us understand these problems, and provide design principles to alleviate them. We describe incentive-centered design andsome tools it provides. We provide a number of examples of security problems for which Incentive Centered Design might be helpful. We elaborate with a general screening model that offers strong design principles for a class of security problems. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/58187 Title: Effects of Privatization and Ownership in Transition Economies<br/><br/>Authors: Estrin, Saul; Hanousek, Jan; Kocenda, Evzen; Svejnar, Jan