http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61837 http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/retrieve/222521 http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61837 Search the Channel search http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/58000 Title: Associations between recent exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and blood pressure in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis<br/><br/>Authors: Diez Roux, AV; Auchincloss, AH; Dvonch, JT; Brown, PL; Barr, RG; Daviglus, ML; Goff, DC Jr.; Kaufman, JD; O'Neill, MS<br/><br/>Abstract: This EHP-in-Press article has been peer-reviewed, revised, and accepted for publication. The EHP-in-Press articles are completely citable using the assigned DOI code for the article. This document will be replaced with the copyedited and formatted version as soon as it is available. Through the DOI number used in the citation, you will be able to access this document at each stage of the publication process. Environ Health Perspect doi:10.1289/ehp.10899 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 24 January 2008 http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57908 Title: Application and methodology of in vivo K x-ray fluorescence of Pb in bone (impact of KXRF data in the epidemiology of lead toxicity, and consistency of the data generated by updated systems)<br/><br/>Authors: Nie, Huiling; Hu, Howard; Chettle, David R.<br/><br/>Abstract: K x-ray fluorescence (KXRF) technology has been used to make in vivo measurements of lead in bone for more than three decades. The data obtained are beneficial to research on lead toxicity as well as, in certain circumstances, the practice of occupational and environmental medicine. This paper reviews the impact of KXRF data on epidemiologic research involving lead toxicity and demonstrates that bone lead is and will continue to be a valuable biomarker in addressing long-term health effects related to cumulative exposure. The KXRF system has been improved and upgraded several times ever since it was first used. The consistency of the data obtained from these KXRF systems has been investigated in many studies. This paper provides an overview of the factors that will affect the data generated by the KXRF systems. A calibration problem encountered in one of the major KXRF laboratories is described, and the approach taken to solve the problem is discussed. Despite all the theoretical considerations, there are still some important practical challenges to the intercalibration of KXRF instruments both within the laboratory, and between laboratories. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57886 Title: Airborne particulate matter exposure and urinary albumin excretion: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis<br/><br/>Authors: O'Neill, MS; Diez Roux, AV; Auchincloss, AH; Green Franklin, TL; Jacobs Jr., DR; Astor, BC; Dvonch, JT; Kaufman, JD<br/><br/>Abstract: Objectives: Understanding mechanistic pathways linking airborne particle exposure to cardiovascular health is important for causal inference and setting environmental standards. We evaluated whether urinary albumin excretion, a subclinical marker of microvascular function which predicts cardiovascular events, was associated with ambient particle exposure. Methods: Urinary albumin and creatinine were measured among members of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis at three visits during 2000-2004. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 (g/m3) was estimated from ambient monitors for one month, two months and two decades before visit one. We regressed recent and chronic (20 year) PM exposure on urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) (mg/g) and microalbuminuria at first exam, controlling for age; race/ethnicity; sex; smoking; secondhand smoke exposure; body mass index; and dietary protein (n=3,901). We also evaluated UACR changes and development of microalbuminuria between the first, and second and third visits which took place at 1.5 to 2 year intervals in relation to chronic PM exposure prior to baseline using mixed models. Results: Chronic and recent particle exposures were not associated with current UACR nor microalbuminuria {per 10 g/m3 increment of chronic PM10 exposure, mean difference in log UACR = -0.02 (CI: -0.07, 0.03) and relative probability of having microalbuminuria = 0.92 (CI: 0.77, 1.08)} We found only weak evidence that albuminuria was accelerated among those chronically exposed to particles: each 10 g/m3 increment in chronic PM10 exposure was associated with a 1.14 relative probability of developing microalbuminuria over 3-4 years, though 95% confidence intervals (CI) included the null (0.96, 1.36). Conclusions: UACR is not a strong mechanistic marker for air pollution¡¦s possible influence on cardiovascular health in this sample. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57544 Title: A coalescent simulation of marker selection strategy for candidate gene association studies Please cite this article as follows: Cole SM, Long JC. 2007. A Coalescent Simulation of Marker Selection Strategy for Candidate Gene Association Studies. Am J Med Genet Part B 147B:86–93.<br/><br/>Authors: Cole, Suzanne M.; Long, Jeffrey C.<br/><br/>Abstract: Recent efforts have focused on the challenges of finding alleles that contribute to health-related phenotypes in genome-wide association studies. However, in candidate gene studies, where the genomic region of interest is small and recombination is limited, factors that affect the ability to detect disease-susceptibility alleles remain poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how varying the number of markers on a haplotype, the type of marker (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), short tandem repeat (STR)), including the causative site ( cs ) as a genetic marker, or population demographics influences the power to detect a candidate gene. We evaluated the power of association tests using coalescent-modeled computer simulations. Results show that an effective number of markers on a haplotype is dependent on whether the cs is included as a marker. When the analyses include the cs , highest power is achieved with a single-marker association test. However, when the cs is excluded from analyses, the addition of more nonfunctional SNPs on the haplotype increases power to a certain point under most scenarios. We find a rapidly expanding population always has lower power compared to a population of constant size; although utilizing markers with a frequency of at least 5% improves the chance of detecting an association. Comparing the mutational properties of a nonfunctional SNP versus an STR, multi-allelic STRs provide more or comparable power than a bi-allelic SNP unless SNP frequencies are constrained to 10% or more. Similarly, including an STR with SNPs on a haplotype improves power unless SNP frequencies are 5% or more. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.