Show simple item record

Geriatric Syndromes Predict Postdischarge Outcomes Among Older Emergency Department Patients: Findings From the interRAI Multinational Emergency Department Study

dc.contributor.authorCosta, Andrew P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHirdes, John P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHeckman, George A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDey, Aparajit B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorJonsson, Palmi V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLakhan, Prabhaen_US
dc.contributor.authorLjunggren, Gunnaren_US
dc.contributor.authorSingler, Katrinen_US
dc.contributor.authorSjostrand, Fredriken_US
dc.contributor.authorSwoboda, Walteren_US
dc.contributor.authorWellens, Nathalie I.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGray, Leonard C.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-23T15:59:23Z
dc.date.available2015-06-01T15:48:46Zen_US
dc.date.issued2014-04en_US
dc.identifier.citationCosta, Andrew P.; Hirdes, John P.; Heckman, George A.; Dey, Aparajit B.; Jonsson, Palmi V.; Lakhan, Prabha; Ljunggren, Gunnar; Singler, Katrin; Sjostrand, Fredrik; Swoboda, Walter; Wellens, Nathalie I.H.; Gray, Leonard C. (2014). "Geriatric Syndromes Predict Postdischarge Outcomes Among Older Emergency Department Patients: Findings From the interRAI Multinational Emergency Department Study." Academic Emergency Medicine (4): 422-433.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1069-6563en_US
dc.identifier.issn1553-2712en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/106886
dc.description.abstractObjectives Identifying older emergency department ( ED ) patients with clinical features associated with adverse postdischarge outcomes may lead to improved clinical reasoning and better targeting for preventative interventions. Previous studies have used single‐country samples to identify limited sets of determinants for a limited number of proxy outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify and compare geriatric syndromes that influence the probability of postdischarge outcomes among older ED patients from a multinational context. Methods A multinational prospective cohort study of ED patients aged 75 years or older was conducted. A total of 13 ED sites from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Iceland, India, and Sweden participated. Patients who were expected to die within 24 hours or did not speak the native language were excluded. Of the 2,475 patients approached for inclusion, 2,282 (92.2%) were enrolled. Patients were assessed at ED admission with the inter RAI ED Contact Assessment, a geriatric ED assessment. Outcomes were examined for patients admitted to a hospital ward (62.9%, n =  1,436) or discharged to a community setting (34.0%, n =  775) after an ED visit. Overall, 3% of patients were lost to follow‐up. Hospital length of stay ( LOS ) and discharge to higher level of care was recorded for patients admitted to a hospital ward. Any ED or hospital use within 28 days of discharge was recorded for patients discharged to a community setting. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios ( OR s) were used to describe determinants using standard and multilevel logistic regression. Results A multi‐country model including living alone ( OR  = 1.78, p ≤ 0.01), informal caregiver distress ( OR  = 1.69, p = 0.02), deficits in ambulation ( OR  = 1.94, p ≤ 0.01), poor self‐report ( OR  = 1.84, p ≤ 0.01), and traumatic injury ( OR  = 2.18, p ≤ 0.01) best described older patients at risk of longer hospital lengths of stay. A model including recent ED visits ( OR  = 2.10, p ≤ 0.01), baseline functional impairment ( OR  = 1.68, p ≤ 0.01), and anhedonia ( OR  = 1.73, p ≤ 0.01) best described older patients at risk of proximate repeat hospital use. A sufficiently accurate and generalizable model to describe the risk of discharge to higher levels of care among admitted patients was not achieved. Conclusions Despite markedly different health care systems, the probability of long hospital lengths of stay and repeat hospital use among older ED patients is detectable at the multinational level with moderate accuracy. This study demonstrates the potential utility of incorporating common geriatric clinical features in routine clinical examination and disposition planning for older patients in ED s. Resumen Objetivos La identificación de los pacientes mayores del servicio de urgencias ( SU ) con hallazgos clínicos asociados con resultados adversos tras el alta puede conducir a mejorar el juicio clínico y a establecer mejores objetivos para las intervenciones preventivas. Estudios previos han utilizado muestras de un solo país para identificar conjuntos limitados de determinantes para un número limitado de resultados en la toma de decisiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y comparar los síndromes geriátricos que influyen en la probabilidad de los resultados tras el alta en los pacientes mayores del SU desde un contexto multinacional. Metodología Estudio de cohorte prospectivo multinacional que se llevó a cabo en pacientes del SU de 75 años o más. Participaron un total de 13 SU de Australia, Bélgica, Canadá, Alemania, Islandia, India y Suecia. Se excluyeron los pacientes que se esperaba fallecieran en las primeras 24 horas o aquéllos de habla no nativa. De los 2.475 pacientes valorados para la inclusión, se incluyeron 2.282 (92,2%). Los pacientes se valoraron al ingreso del SU mediante la inter RAI ED Contact Assessment, una valoración geriátrica en el SU . Los resultados se evaluaron para los pacientes ingresados en un planta del hospital (62,9%, n =  1.436) o dados de alta a la comunidad (34,0%, n =  775) tras una visita al SU . Del total, en un 3% de los pacientes se perdió el seguimiento. La estancia hospitalaria y el alta a un nivel de atención mayor se documentaron para los pacientes ingresados en una planta del hospital. Cualquier uso del hospital o del SU en los primeros 28 días tras el alta se documentó en los pacientes dados de alta a la comunidad. La razón de ventajas ( odds ratio , OR ) ajustada y no ajustada se usó para describir los determinantes usando una regresión logística convencional y multinivel. Resultados Un modelo multinacional que incluye el vivir solo ( OR  = 1,78, p ≤ 0,01), el estrés del cuidador ( OR  = 1,69, p = 0,02), el deterioro en la deambulación ( OR  = 1,94, p ≤ 0,01), el documentar baja autoestima ( OR  = 1,84, p ≤ 0,01), y la lesión traumatológica ( OR  = 2,18, p ≤ 0,01) es el que mejor describió a los pacientes mayores con riesgo de estancias hospitalarias más prolongadas. Un modelo que incluye las visitas recientes al SU ( OR  = 2,10, p ≤ 0,01), el deterioro funcional basal ( OR  = 1,68, p ≤ 0,01) y la incapacidad para experimentar placer ( OR  = 1,73, p ≤ 0,01) es el que mejor describió a los pacientes mayores con riesgo incrementado de repetir el uso hospitalario a corto plazo. No se alcanzó un modelo suficientemente preciso ni generalizable para describir el riesgo al alta de necesitar niveles mayores de atención en los pacientes ingresados. Conclusiones A pesar de la diferencia marcada de los sistemas sanitarios, la probabilidad de estancia prolongada en el hospital y uso repetido del hospital entre los pacientes mayores del SU es detectable desde una perspectiva multinacional con una precisión moderada. Este estudio demuestra la potencial utilidad de incorporar los hallazgos clínicos geriátricos comunes en la valoración clínica rutinaria y en la planificación de la ubicación de los pacientes mayores en el SU .en_US
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.en_US
dc.publisherMcGraw‐Hillen_US
dc.titleGeriatric Syndromes Predict Postdischarge Outcomes Among Older Emergency Department Patients: Findings From the interRAI Multinational Emergency Department Studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelMedicine (General)en_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106886/1/acem12353.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/acem.12353en_US
dc.identifier.sourceAcademic Emergency Medicineen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSalvi F, Morichi V, Grilli A, et al. Predictive validity of the identification of seniors at risk (ISAR) screening tool in elderly patients presenting to two Italian emergency departments. Aging Clin Exp Res 2009; 21: 69 – 75.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHitcho EB, Krauss MJ, Birge S, et al. Characteristics and circumstances of falls in a hospital setting: a prospective analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 732 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf CE, Giannelli SV, Herrmann FR, et al. Identification of older patients at risk of unplanned readmission after discharge from the emergency department–comparison of two screening tools. Swiss Med Wkly 2012; 141: w13327.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee JS, Schwindt G, Langevin M, et al. Validation of the triage risk stratification tool to identify older persons at risk for hospital admission and returning to the emergency department. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 2112 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Wiley and Sons, 2000.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKing JE. Running a best‐subsets logistic regression: an alternative to stepwise methods. Educ Psychol Meas 2003; 63: 392 – 403.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencevon Elm E. Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, STROBE Initiative. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61: 344 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuurman BM, van den Berg W, Korevaar JC, Milisen K, de Haan RJ, de Rooij SE. Risk for poor outcomes in older patients discharged from an emergency department: feasibility of four screening instruments. Eur J Emerg Med 2011; 18: 215 – 20.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFan J, Worster A, Fernandes CM. Predictive validity of the triage risk screening tool for elderly patients in a Canadian emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 2006; 24: 540 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaMantia MA, Platts‐Mills TF, Biese K, et al. Predicting hospital admission and returns to the emergency department for elderly patients. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17: 252 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoons P, De Ridder K, Geyskens K, et al. Screening for risk of readmission of patients aged 65 years and above after discharge from the emergency department: predictive value of four instruments. Eur J Emerg Med 2007; 14: 315 – 23.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarpenter CR, Heard K, Wilber S, et al. Research priorities for high‐quality geriatric emergency care: medication management, screening, and prevention and functional assessment. Acad Emerg Med 2011; 18: 644 – 54.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilber ST, Gerson LW. A research agenda for geriatric emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med 2003; 10: 251 – 60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBiese KJ, Roberts E, LaMantia M, et al. Effect of a geriatric curriculum on emergency medicine resident attitudes, knowledge, and decision‐making. Acad Emerg Med 2011; 18 ( Suppl 2 ): S92 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJónsson PV, Noro A, Finne‐Soveri H, et al. Admission profile is predictive of outcome in acute hospital care. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008; 20: 533 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLakhan P, Jones M, Wilson A, Gray LC. The higher care at discharge index (HCDI): identifying older patients at risk of requiring a higher level of care at discharge. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 57: 184 – 91.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFriedman SM, Mendelson DA, Bingham KW, Kates SL. Impact of a comanaged geriatric fracture center on short‐term hip fracture outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 1712 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKates SL, Mendelson DA, Friedman SM. The value of an organized fracture program for the elderly: early results. J Orthop Trauma 2011; 25: 233 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceInouye SK, Bogardus ST, Baker DI, Leo‐Summers L, Cooney LM. The hospital elder life program: a model of care to prevent cognitive and functional decline in older hospitalized patients. Hospital elder life program. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 1697 – 706.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCrane SJ, Tung EE, Hanson GJ, Cha S, Chaudhry R, Takahashi PY. Use of an electronic administrative database to identify older community dwelling adults at high‐risk for hospitalization or emergency department visits: the elders risk assessment index. BMC Health Serv Res 2010; 10: 338.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShelton P, Sager MA, Schraeder C. The community assessment risk screen (CARS): identifying elderly persons at risk for hospitalization or emergency department visit. Am J Manag Care 2000; 6: 925 – 33.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJoubert L, Lee J, McKeever U, Holland L. Caring for depressed elderly in the emergency department: establishing links between sub‐acute, primary, and community care. Soc Work Health Care 2013; 52: 222 – 38.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRaccio‐Robak N, McErlean MA, Fabacher DA, Milano PM, Verdile VP. Socioeconomic and health status differences between depressed and nondepressed ED elders. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20: 71 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrokaw M, Zaraa AS. A biopsychosocial profile of the geriatric population who frequently visit the emergency department. Ohio Med 1991; 87: 347 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBorges Da Silva R, McCusker J, Roberge D, et al. Classification of emergency departments according to their services for community‐dwelling seniors. Acad Emerg Med 2012; 19: 552 – 61.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCusker J, Roberge D, Ciampi A, et al. Outcomes of community‐dwelling seniors vary by type of emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 2012; 19: 304 – 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceInouye SK, Studenski S, Tinetti ME, Kuchel GA. Geriatric syndromes: clinical, research, and policy implications of a core geriatric concept. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55: 780 – 91.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGray LC, Peel N, Costa AP, et al. Profiles of older patients in the emergency department: findings from the interRAI multinational emergency department study. Ann Emerg Med 2013; 62: 467 – 74.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeim S, Sanders A. Geriatric emergency department use and care. In: Meldon S, Ma OJ, Woolard RH, eds. Geriatric Emergency Medicine. New York, NY: McGraw‐Hill, 2004: 1 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcNamara RM, Rousseau E, Sanders AB. Geriatric emergency medicine: a survey of practicing emergency physicians. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21: 796 – 801.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSanders AB. Care of the elderly in emergency departments: conclusions and recommendations. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21: 830 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchumacher JG. Emergency medicine and older adults: continuing challenges and opportunities. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23: 556 – 60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchumacher JG, Deimling GT, Meldon S, Woolard B. Older adults in the emergency department: predicting physicians' burden levels. J Emerg Med 2006; 30: 455 – 60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilber ST, Blanda M, Gerson LW. Does functional decline prompt emergency department visits and admission in older patients? Acad Emerg Med 2006; 13: 680 – 2.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNemec M, Koller MT, Nickel CH, et al. Patients presenting to the emergency department with non‐specific complaints: the Basel non‐specific complaints (BANC) study. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17: 284 – 92.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRutschmann OT, Chevalley T, Zumwald C, Luthy C, Vermeulen B, Sarasin FP. Pitfalls in the emergency department triage of frail elderly patients without specific complaints. Swiss Med Wkly 2005; 135: 145 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFerrera PC, Bartfield JM, D'Andrea CC. Geriatric trauma: outcomes of elderly patients discharged from the ED. Am J Emerg Med 1999; 17: 629 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRussell MA, Hill KD, Blackberry I, Day LL, Dharmage SC. Falls risk and functional decline in older fallers discharged directly from emergency departments. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61: 1090 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShapiro MJ, Partridge RA, Jenouri I, Micalone M, Gifford D. Functional decline in independent elders after minor traumatic injury. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 78 – 81.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarpenter CR, Griffey RT, Stark S, Coopersmith CM, Gage BF. Physician and nurse acceptance of technicians to screen for geriatric syndromes in the emergency department. West J Emerg Med 2011; 12: 489 – 95.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceElie M, Rousseau F, Cole M, Primeau F, McCusker J, Bellavance F. Prevalence and detection of delirium in elderly emergency department patients. CMAJ 2000; 163: 977 – 81.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHendriksen H, Harrison RA. Occupational therapy in accident and emergency departments: a randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs 2001; 36: 727 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHustey FM, Meldon S. Prevalence and documentation of impaired mental status in elderly emergency department patients. Ann Emerg Med 2002; 39: 248 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeldon SW, Emerman CL, Schubert DS, Moffa DA, Etheart RG. Depression in geriatric ED patients: prevalence and recognition. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 30: 141 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRodríguez‐Molinero A, López‐Diéguez M, Tabuenca AI, de la Cruz JJ, Banegas JR. Functional assessment of older patients in the emergency department: comparison between standard instruments, medical records and physicians' perceptions. BMC Geriatr 2006; 6: 13.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSingal BM, Hedges JR, Rousseau EW, et al. Geriatric patient emergency visits. Part I: comparison of visits by geriatric and younger patients. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21: 802 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHogan TM, Losman ED, Carpenter CR, et al. Development of geriatric competencies for emergency medicine residents using an expert consensus process. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17: 316 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePines JM, Mullins PM, Cooper JK, Feng LB, Roth KE. National trends in emergency department use, care patterns, and quality of care of older adults in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61: 12 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaplan GA, Brown A, Croker WD, Doolan J. Risk of admission within 4 weeks of discharge of elderly patients from the emergency department–the DEED study. Discharge of elderly from emergency department. Age Ageing 1998; 27: 697 – 702.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChin MH, Jin L, Karrison TG, et al. Older patients' health‐related quality of life around an episode of emergency illness. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34: 595 – 603.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHastings SN, Heflin MT. A systematic review of interventions to improve outcomes for elders discharged from the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 2005; 12: 978 – 86.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCusker J, Bellavance F, Cardin S, Trépanier S. Screening for geriatric problems in the emergency department: reliability and validity. Identification of seniors at risk (ISAR) steering committee. Acad Emerg Med 1998; 5: 883 – 93.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCusker J, Bellavance F, Cardin S, Trépanier S, Verdon J, Ardman O. Detection of older people at increased risk of adverse health outcomes after an emergency visit: the ISAR screening tool. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 1229 – 37.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCusker J, Cardin S, Bellavance F, Belzile E. Return to the emergency department among elders: patterns and predictors. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7: 249 – 59.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCusker J, Bellavance F, Cardin S, Belzile E, Verdon J. Prediction of hospital utilization among elderly patients during the 6 months after an emergency department visit. Ann Emerg Med 2000; 36: 438 – 45.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Bari M, Balzi D, Roberts AT, et al. Prognostic stratification of older persons based on simple administrative data: development and validation of the “silver code”, to be used in emergency department triage. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65: 159 – 64.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeldon SW, Mion LC, Palmer RM, et al. A brief risk‐stratification tool to predict repeat emergency department visits and hospitalizations in older patients discharged from the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 2003; 10: 224 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRowland K, Maitra AK, Richardson DA, Hudson K, Woodhouse KW. The discharge of elderly patients from an accident and emergency department: functional changes and risk of readmission. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 415 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRunciman P, Currie CT, Nicol M, Green L, McKay V. Discharge of elderly people from an accident and emergency department: evaluation of health visitor follow‐up. J Adv Nurs 1996; 24: 711 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHastings SN, Purser JL, Johnson KS, Sloane RJ, Whitson HE. Frailty predicts some but not all adverse outcomes in older adults discharged from the emergency department. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 1651 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStiffler KA, Finley A, Midha S, Wilber ST. Frailty assessment in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 2013; 45: 291 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAminzadeh F, Dalziel WB. Older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review of patterns of use, adverse outcomes, and effectiveness of interventions. Ann Emerg Med 2002; 39: 238 – 47.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDowning A, Wilson R. Older people's use of accident and emergency services. Age Ageing 2005; 34: 24 – 30.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeorge G, Jell C, Todd BS. Effect of population ageing on emergency department speed and efficiency: a historical perspective from a district general hospital in the UK. Emerg Med J 2006; 23: 379 – 83.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRichardson DB. Elderly patients in the emergency department: a prospective study of characteristics and outcome. Med J Aust 1992; 157: 234 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStrange GR, Chen EH, Sanders AB. Use of emergency departments by elderly patients: projections from a multicenter data base. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21: 819 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack BS, Rabins PV, Sugarman J, Karlawish JH. Seeking assent and respecting dissent in dementia research. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 18: 77 – 85.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarlawish J, Rubright J, Casarett D, Cary M, Ten Have T, Sankar P. Older adults' attitudes toward enrollment of non‐competent subjects participating in alzheimer's research. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166: 182 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJefferson AL, Lambe S, Moser DJ, Byerly LK, Ozonoff A, Karlawish JH. Decisional capacity for research participation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 1236 – 43.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHirdes JP, Curtin‐Telegdi N, Poss JW, et al. InterRAI Contact Assessment: Screening Level Assessment for Emergency Department and Intake From Community/Hospital Assessment Form and User's Manual. Rockport, MA: Open Book Systems, 2009.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGray LC, Bernabei R, Berg K, et al. Standardizing assessment of elderly people in acute care: the interRAI acute care instrument. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 536 – 41.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHirdes JP, Ljunggren G, Morris JN, et al. Reliability of the interRAI suite of assessment instruments: a 12‐country study of an integrated health information system. BMC Health Serv Res 2008; 8: 277.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWellens NI, Van Lancker A, Flamaing J, et al. Interrater reliability of the interRAI acute care (interRAI AC). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 55: 165 – 72.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWellens NI, Deschodt M, Boonen S, et al. Validity of the interRAI acute care based on test content: a multi‐center study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2011; 23: 476 – 86.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoyd M, Koziol‐McLain J, Yates K, et al. Emergency department case‐finding for high‐risk older adults: the brief risk identification for geriatric health tool (BRIGHT). Acad Emerg Med 2008; 15: 598 – 606.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCovinsky KE, Palmer RM, Fortinsky RH, et al. Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: increased vulnerability with age. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51: 451 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreditor MC. Hazards of hospitalization of the elderly. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 219 – 23.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf C. Functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Am J Nurs 2006; 106: 58 – 67.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.