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Developmental course of non‐medical use of prescription drugs from adolescence to adulthood in the United States: national longitudinal data

dc.contributor.authorMcCabe, Sean Esteban
dc.contributor.authorKloska, Deborah D.
dc.contributor.authorVeliz, Philip
dc.contributor.authorJager, Justin
dc.contributor.authorSchulenberg, John E.
dc.date.accessioned2016-11-18T21:24:20Z
dc.date.available2018-02-01T14:56:11Zen
dc.date.issued2016-12
dc.identifier.citationMcCabe, Sean Esteban; Kloska, Deborah D.; Veliz, Philip; Jager, Justin; Schulenberg, John E. (2016). "Developmental course of non‐medical use of prescription drugs from adolescence to adulthood in the United States: national longitudinal data." Addiction 111(12): 2166-2176.
dc.identifier.issn0965-2140
dc.identifier.issn1360-0443
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/134483
dc.description.abstractAimsTo identify the developmental course of non‐medical use of four separate prescription drug classes (opioids, sedatives, stimulants and tranquilizers) by examining the general functional growth and related covariates during the transition from adolescence to adulthood in the United States.DesignNationally representative probability samples of high school seniors were followed longitudinally across five waves (waves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5: modal ages 18, 19/20, 21/22, 23/24 and 25/26 years, respectively).SettingData were collected via self‐administered questionnaires to high school seniors and young adults in the United States.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of nearly 72 000 individuals in 30 cohorts (high school senior years of 1977–2006) who participated in at least one wave.MeasurementsSelf‐reports of annual non‐medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives, stimulants, and tranquilizers.FindingsThe annual non‐medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives, stimulants and tranquilizers was highest at wave 1 over the five waves. There was a consistent descending path (linear and quadratic slopes, P < 0.001) in annual non‐medical use from baseline across all four prescription drug classes (e.g. opioids linear slope = −0.043 and opioids quadratic slope = 0.034, P < 0.001). While the annual non‐medical use of stimulants declined over time (linear slope = 0.063, P < 0.01; quadratic slope = −0.133, P < 0.001), the same decrease was not observed for the annual non‐medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives or tranquilizers when controlling for socio‐demographic and substance use behaviors at baseline. The covariates associated with the general functional growth differed across the four prescription drug classes.ConclusionsThe non‐medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives, stimulants and tranquilizers appears to peak during late adolescence, suggesting preventive intervention efforts should be initiated in early adolescence. The developmental course of non‐medical use is not the same among all four classes of prescription drugs, suggesting that each drug class warrants individual research.
dc.publisherUniversity of Michigan Institute for Social Research
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.subject.otherprescription sedatives
dc.subject.otherprescription stimulants
dc.subject.otherlongitudinal
dc.subject.otherAdolescence
dc.subject.otheryoung adulthood
dc.subject.othernon‐medical use
dc.subject.otherprescription drugs
dc.subject.otherprescription opioids
dc.titleDevelopmental course of non‐medical use of prescription drugs from adolescence to adulthood in the United States: national longitudinal data
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPublic Health
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPsychiatry
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134483/1/add13504.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134483/2/add13504_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/add.13504
dc.identifier.sourceAddiction
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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