Greatlakean Substage: A replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan basin
dc.contributor.author | Evenson, Edward B. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Farrand, William R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Eschman, Donald F. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Mickelson, David M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Maher, Louis J. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2006-04-07T16:26:09Z | |
dc.date.available | 2006-04-07T16:26:09Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1976-09 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Evenson, Edward B., Farrand, William R., Eschman, Donald F., Mickelson, David M., Maher, Louis J. (1976/09)."Greatlakean Substage: A replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan basin." Quaternary Research 6(3): 411-424. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/21685> | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WPN-4DV180M-22/2/d9d2063e74cb3ee8eb232dd8b9b4c851 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/21685 | |
dc.description.abstract | New evidence from recent field and seismic investigations in the Lake Michigan basin and in the type areas of the Valders, Two Creeks and Two Rivers deposits necessitates revision of late-glacial ice-front positions, rock- and time-stratigraphic nomenclature and climatic interpretations and deglaciation patterns for the period ca. 14,000-7,000 radiocarbon years B.P. The previously reported and long accepted pattern of deglaciation for the Lake Michigan basin started with a regular retreat from the Lake Border Morainic System, with a minor oscillation marked by the Port Huron moraine(s) and then an extensive Twocreekan deglaciation followed by a major (320 km) post-Twocreekan advance (Valders). However, we now record a major retreat between the times of the Lake Border and Port Huron moraines, followed by a gradual retreat from the Port Huron limit and interrupted by a minor standstill (deposition of Manitowoc Till), a retreat (Twocreekan) and a readvance (Two Rivers Till). No Woodfordian or younger readvance was as extensive as had been the preceding one. This sequence argues for a normal, climatically controlled, progressive deglaciation rather than one interrupted by a major post-Twocreekan (formerly Valderan) surge. This revision appears finally to harmonize the geologic evidence and the palynological record for the Great Lakes region. Our investigations show that Valders Till from which the Valderan Substage was named is late-Woodfordian in age. We propose the term "Greatlakean" as a replacement for the now misleading time-stratigraphic term "Valderan". The type section and the definition of the upper and lower boundaries of the Greatlakean Substage remain the same as those originally proposed for the Valderan Substage but the name is changed. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 1310952 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3118 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_US |
dc.title | Greatlakean Substage: A replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan basin | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Geology and Earth Sciences | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Department of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Department of Geological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21685/1/0000075.pdf | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(67)90005-1 | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Quaternary Research | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
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