Nicotine and the central nervous system: Biobehavioral effects of cigarette smoking
dc.contributor.author | Pomerleau, Ovide F. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2006-04-10T15:09:08Z | |
dc.date.available | 2006-04-10T15:09:08Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1992-07-15 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Pomerleau, Ovide F. (1992/07/15)."Nicotine and the central nervous system: Biobehavioral effects of cigarette smoking." The American Journal of Medicine 93(1, Supplement 1): S2-S7. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/29947> | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TDC-4CJV9X3-133/2/52f22f7d2e86f75abb7e9249ae798cd2 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/29947 | |
dc.description.abstract | The effects of nicotine, like those of other drugs with potential for abuse and dependence, are centrally mediated. The impact of nicotine on the central nervous system is neuroregulatory in nature, affecting biochemical and physiological functions in a manner that reinforces drug-taking behavior. Dose-dependent neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine effects occur as plasma nicotine levels rise when a cigarette is smoked. Circulating levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine increase, and the bioavailability of dopamine is altered as well. Among the neuroendocrine effects are release of arginine vasopressin, [beta]-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol. Notably, several of these neurochemicals are psychoactive and/or known to modulate behavior. Thus, affective states or cognitive demands may be favorably modified (at least temporarily) by nicotine intake. When nicotine is inhaled, the neuroregulatory effects just described are immediately available and the reinforcing effects of the drug are maximized. On the other hand, nicotine gum and most other nicotine replacement vehicles in current use have a slower onset of action, resulting in less reinforcement value. Recent data suggest that smoking cessation rates may be optimized by tailoring the dose of nicotine replacement (for example, 2 or 4 mg of nicotine gum) to the individual degree of nicotine dependence. In view of the dynamic interactions between the neuroregulatory effects of nicotine and a host of environmental conditions, nicotine replacement therapy is best carried out in combination with behavior modification techniques. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 630764 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3118 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_US |
dc.title | Nicotine and the central nervous system: Biobehavioral effects of cigarette smoking | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Family Medicine and Primary Care | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Health Sciences | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29947/1/0000305.pdf | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(92)90619-M | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | The American Journal of Medicine | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.