Functional morphology of lingual protrusion in marine toads ( Bufo marinus )
dc.contributor.author | Gans, Carl | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Gorniak, Gerard C. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2007-04-06T17:44:41Z | |
dc.date.available | 2007-04-06T17:44:41Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1982-03 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Gans, Carl; Gorniak, Gerard C. (1982)."Functional morphology of lingual protrusion in marine toads ( Bufo marinus )." American Journal of Anatomy 163(3): 195-222. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/49684> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0002-9106 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1553-0795 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/49684 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=6807077&dopt=citation | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Bufo marinus catches its prey by stiffening the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, rapidly flipping the tongue out of the mouth. High-speed cinematography synchronized with computer-analyzed electromyograms (EMGs) shows that during the flip the tongue is supported by the M. genioglossus medialis and that this muscle stiffens into a rod when stimulated. Coincident stiffening of the transversely arranged M. genioglossus basalis provides a wedge under the anterior tip of this rod. Stiffening of the M. submentalis depresses the mandibular symphysis and brings the dentary tips together. The M. submentalis also acts on the wedge of the basalis to raise and rotate the rigid rod of the medialis over the symphysial attachment. The tip of this lingual rod carries along the pad and soft tissues of the tongue. The lingual pad, positioned in the posterodorsal portion of the resting tongue, rotates during eversion so that its dorsal surface impacts onto the prey object. Retraction starts by contraction of the elongate, parallel fibers of the M. hyoglossus; this retracts the medial sulcus of the pad and holds the prey by a suction cup-like effect. The extensibility of the buccal membranes allows the pad to be retracted first; it reaches the posterior portion of the buccal cavity before the still-rigid, backward rotating M. genioglossus has reached the level of the symphysis. Protraction of the hyoid facilitates the extension of the M. hyoglossus. The M. sternohyoideus only retracts the hyoid and stabilizes it when the tongue starts to pull posteriorly; it does not assist tongue protrusion. The Mm. petrohyoideus and omohyoideus show only incidental activity, and the M. depressor mandibulae participates in mouth opening but is not otherwise involved in the flip. Previous hypotheses of the flipping mechanism are reviewed and evaluated. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 2294179 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3118 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.publisher | Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Life and Medical Sciences | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Cell & Developmental Biology | en_US |
dc.title | Functional morphology of lingual protrusion in marine toads ( Bufo marinus ) | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Medicine (General) | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Health Sciences | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 | en_US |
dc.identifier.pmid | 6807077 | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49684/1/1001630302_ftp.pdf | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001630302 | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | American Journal of Anatomy | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.