View Item 

Show simple item record

The role of thrombin and thrombin receptors in ischemic, hemorrhagic and traumatic brain injury: deleterious or protective?

dc.contributor.authorXi, Guohuaen_US
dc.contributor.authorReiser, Georgen_US
dc.contributor.authorKeep, Richard F.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-01T15:47:05Z
dc.date.available2010-04-01T15:47:05Z
dc.date.issued2003-01en_US
dc.identifier.citationXi, Guohua; Reiser, Georg; Keep, Richard F. (2003). "The role of thrombin and thrombin receptors in ischemic, hemorrhagic and traumatic brain injury: deleterious or protective?." Journal of Neurochemistry 84(1): 3-9. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/66277>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0022-3042en_US
dc.identifier.issn1471-4159en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/66277
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=12485396&dopt=citationen_US
dc.description.abstractIn the last two decades it has become apparent that thrombin has many extravascular effects that are mediated by a family of protease-activated receptors (PARs). PAR-1, -3 and -4 are activated via cleavage by thrombin. The importance of extravascular thrombin in modulating ischemic, hemorrhagic and traumatic injury in brain has recently become clear. Thus, in vitro , thrombin at low concentration protects neurons and astrocytes from cell death caused by a number of different insults. In vivo , pretreating the brain with a low dose of thrombin (thrombin preconditioning), attenuates the brain injury induced by a large dose of thrombin, an intracerebral hemorrhage or by focal cerebral ischemia. Thrombin may also be an important mediator of ischemic preconditioning. In contrast, high doses of thrombin kill neurons and astrocytes in vitro and cause disruption of the blood–brain barrier, brain edema and seizures in vivo . This review examines the role of thrombin in brain injury and the molecular mechanisms and signaling cascades involved.en_US
dc.format.extent133442 bytes
dc.format.extent3110 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.publisherBlackwell Science Ltden_US
dc.rights2003 International Society for Neurochemistryen_US
dc.subject.otherCerebral Hemorrhageen_US
dc.subject.otherCerebral Ischemiaen_US
dc.subject.otherPreconditioningen_US
dc.subject.otherThrombinen_US
dc.subject.otherThrombin Receptorsen_US
dc.titleThe role of thrombin and thrombin receptors in ischemic, hemorrhagic and traumatic brain injury: deleterious or protective?en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelNeurosciencesen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationum† Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationother* Neurosurgery anden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationother† Institute for Neurobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germanyen_US
dc.identifier.pmid12485396en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66277/1/j.1471-4159.2003.01268.x.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01268.xen_US
dc.identifier.sourceJournal of Neurochemistryen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAhn M. Y., Zhang Z. G., Tsang W. and Chopp M. ( 1999 ) Endogenous plasminogen activator expression after embolic focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Brain Res. 837, 169 – 176.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuisson A., Nicole O., Docagne F., Sartelet H., Mackenzie E. T. and Vivien D. ( 1998 ) Up-regulation of a serine protease inhibitor in astrocytes mediates the neuroprotective activity of transforming growth factor beta1. FASEB J. 12, 1683 – 1691.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCavanaugh K. P., Gurwitz D., Cunningham D. D. and Bradshaw R. A. ( 1990 ) Reciprocal modulation of astrocyte stellation by thrombin and protease nexin-1. J. Neurochem. 54, 1735 – 1743.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCitron B. A., Smirnova I. V., Arnold P. M. and Festoff B. W. ( 2000 ) Upregulation of neurotoxic serine proteases, prothrombin, and protease-activated receptor 1 early after spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 17, 1191 – 1203.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCoughlin S. R. ( 2000 ) Thrombin signalling and protease-activatedreceptors. Nature 407, 258 – 264.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCunningham D. D. and Donovan F. M. ( 1997 ) Regulation of neurons and astrocytes by thrombin and protease nexin-1. Relationship to brain injury. Adv. Exp Med. Biol. 425, 67 – 75.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDery O., Corvera C. U., Steinhoff M. and Bunnett N. W. ( 1998 ) Proteinase-activated receptors: novel mechanisms of signaling by serine proteases. Am. J. Physiol. 274, C1429 – C1452.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDihanich M., Kaser M., Reinhard E., Cunningham D. and Monard D. ( 1991 ) Prothrombin mRNA is expressed by cells of the nervous system. Neuron 6, 575 – 581.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDonovan F. M. and Cunningham D. D. ( 1998 ) Signaling pathwaysinvolved in thrombin-induced cell protection. J. Biol. Chem 273, 12746 – 12752.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDonovan F. M., Pike C. J., Cotman C. W. and Cunningham D. D. ( 1997 ) Thrombin induces apoptosis in cultured neurons and astrocytes via a pathway requiring tyrosine kinase and RhoA activities. J. Neurosci. 17, 5316 – 5326.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFigueroa B. E., Keep R. F., Betz A. L. and Hoff J. T. ( 1998 ) Plasminogen activators potentiate thrombin-induced brain injury. Stroke 29, 1202 – 1207.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGingrich M. B. and Traynelis S. F. ( 2000 ) Serine proteases and brain damage – is there a link?. Trends Neurosciences 23, 399 – 407.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGingrich M. B., Junge C. E., Lyuboslavsky P. and Traynelis S. F. ( 2000 ) Potentiation of NMDA receptor function by the serine protease thrombin. J. Neurosci. 20, 4582 – 4595.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrand R. J., Turnell A. S. and Grabham P. W. ( 1996 ) Cellular consequences of thrombin-receptor activation. Biochem. J. 313, 353 – 368.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGuenther J., Nick H. and Monard D. ( 1985 ) A glia-derived neurite-promoting factor with protease inhibitory activity. EMBO J. 4, 1963 – 1966.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamada R., Matsuoka H., Wagner K. R., Broderick J. P., deCourten-Myers G. M., Xi G., Keep R. F. and Hoff J. T. ( 2000 ) Antithrombin therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 31, 794 – 795.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHua Y., Xi G., Keep R. F., Wu J., Jiang Y. and Hoff J. T. ( 2002 ) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 induction after experimentalintracerebral hemorrhage. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 22, 55 – 61.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJiang Y., Wu J., Hua Y., Keep R. F., Xiang J., Hoff J. T. and Xi G. ( 2002a ) Thrombin-receptor activation and thrombin-induced brain tolerance. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 22, 404 – 410.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJiang Y., Wu J., Keep R. F., Hua Y., Hoff J. T. and Xi G. ( 2002b ) Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a accumulation in the brain afterexperimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 22, 689 – 696.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKasuya H., Shimizu T. and Takakura K. ( 1998 ) Thrombin activity in CSF after SAH is correlated with the degree of SAH the persistence of subarachnoid clot and the development of vasospasm. Acta Neurochir. 140, 579 – 584.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLandau E., Tirosh R., Pinson A., Banai S., Even-Ram S., Maoz M., Katzav S. and Bar-Shavit R. ( 2000 ) Protection of thrombinreceptor expression under hypoxia. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 2281 – 2287.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee K. R., Betz A. L., Kim S., Keep R. F. and Hoff J. T. ( 1996a ) The role of the coagulation cascade in brain edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir. 138, 396 – 400.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee K. R., Colon G. P., Betz A. L., Keep R. F., Kim S. and Hoff J. T. ( 1996b ) Edema from intracerebral hemorrhage: the role of thrombin. J. Neurosurg. 84, 91 – 96.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee K. R., Drury I., Vitarbo E. and Hoff J. T. ( 1997a ) Seizures induced by intracerebral injection of thrombin: a model of intracerebral hemorrhage. J. Neurosurg. 87, 73 – 78.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee K. R., Kawai N., Kim S., Sagher O. and Hoff J. T. ( 1997b ) Mechanisms of edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage: effects of thrombin on cerebral blood flow, blood–brain barrier permeability, and cell survival in a rat model. J. Neurosurg. 86, 272 – 278.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMasada T., Xi G., Hua Y. and Keep R. F. ( 2000 ) The effects of thrombin preconditioning on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res. 867, 173 – 179.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMikulski A., Elg M. and Gustafsson D. ( 2001 ) The effects of oral and intravenous direct thrombin inhibitors on the size of photochemically induced cortical infarction in rats. Thromb. Res. 101, 477 – 482.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoller T., Hanisch U.K. and Ransom B. R. ( 2000 ) Thrombin-induced activation of cultured rodent microglia. J. Neurochem. 75, 1539 – 1547.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorris D. C., Zhang L., Zhang Z. G., Lu M., Berens K. L., Brown P. M. and Chopp M. ( 2001 ) Extension of the therapeutic window for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator with argatroban in a rat model of embolic stroke. Stroke 32, 2635 – 2640.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMutch N. J., Robbie L. A. and Booth N. A. ( 2001 ) Human thrombi contain an abundance of active thrombin. Thromb. Haemostasis 86, 1028 – 1034.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNagai N., De Mol M., Lijnen H. R., Carmeliet P. and Collen D. ( 1999 ) Role of plasminogen system components in focal cerebral ischemic infarction: a gene targeting and gene transfer study in mice. Circulation 99, 2440 – 2444.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNguyen M., Arkell J. and Jackson C. J. ( 1999 ) Thrombin rapidly and efficiently activates gelatinase A in human microvascular endothelial cells via a mechanism independent of active MT1 matrix metalloproteinase. Lab. Invest. 79, 467 – 475.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNishino A., Suzuki M., Ohtani H., Motohashi O., Umezawa K., Nagura H. and Yoshimoto T. ( 1993 ) Thrombin may contribute to the pathophysiology of central nervous system injury. J. Neurotrauma 10, 167 – 179.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOhyama H., Hosomi N., Takahashi T., Mizushige K. and Kohno M. ( 2001 ) Thrombin inhibition attenuates neurodegeneration and cerebral edema formation following transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res. 902, 264 – 271.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePike C. J., Vaughan P. J., Cunningham D. D. and Cotman C. W. ( 1996 ) Thrombin attenuates neuronal cell death and modulates astrocyte reactivity induced by beta-amyloid in vitro. J. Neurochem. 66, 1374 – 1382.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePindon A., Berry M. and Hantai D. ( 2000 ) Thrombomodulin as a new marker of lesion-induced astrogliosis: involvement of thrombin through the G-protein-coupled protease-activated receptor-1. J. Neurosci. 20, 2543 – 2550.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePreissner K. T., de Boer H., Pannekoek H. and de Groot P. G. ( 1996 ) Thrombin regulation by physiological inhibitors: the role ofvitronectin. Seminars Thromb. Hemostasis 22, 165 – 172.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRichard D. E., Berra E. and Pouyssegur J. ( 2000 ) Nonhypoxic pathway mediates the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 26765 – 26771.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiek-Burchardt F., Striggow F., Henrich-Noack P., Reiser G. and Reymann K. G. ( 2002 ) Increase of prothrombin-mRNA after global ischemia in rats, with constant expression of protease nexin-1 and protease-activated receptors. Neurosci. Lett. 329, 181 – 184.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSarker K. P., Abeyama K., Nishi J., Nakata M., Tokioka T., Nakajima T., Kitajima I. and Maruyama I. ( 1999 ) Inhibition of thrombin-induced neuronal cell death by recombinant thrombomodulin and E5510, a synthetic thrombin receptor signaling inhibitor. Thromb. Haemostasis 82, 1071 – 1077.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSeeds N. W., Williams B. L. and Bickford P. C. ( 1995 ) Tissue plasminogen activator induction in Purkinje neurons after cerebellar motor learning. Science 270, 1992 – 1994.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSharp F. R., Massa S. M. and Swanson R. A. ( 1999 ) Heat-shock protein protection. TINS 22, 97 – 99.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShikamoto Y. and Morita T. ( 1999 ) Expression of factor X in both the rat brain and cells of the central nervous system. FEBS Lett. 463, 387 – 389.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStone S. R., Nick H., Hofsteenge J. and Monard D. ( 1987 ) Glial-derived neurite-promoting factor is a slow-binding inhibitor of trypsin, thrombin, and urokinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 252, 237 – 244.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStriggow F., Riek M., Breder J., Henrich-Noack P., Reymann K. G. and Reiser G. ( 2000 ) The protease thrombin is an endogenous mediator of hippocampal neuroprotection against ischemia at low concentrations but causes degeneration at high concentrations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2264 – 2269.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStriggow F., Riek-Burchardt M., Kiesel A., Schmidt W., Henrich-Noack P., Breder J., Krug M., Reymann K. G. and Reiser G. ( 2001 ) Four different types of protease-activated receptors are widely expressed in the brain and are up-regulated in hippocampus by severe ischemia. Eur. J. Neurosci. 14, 595 – 608.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThe NINDS rt-PA stroke study Group ( 1995 ) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. New Eng. J. Med. 333, 1581 – 1587.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUbl J. J. and Reiser G. ( 1997 ) Characteristics of thrombin-induced calcium signals in rat astrocytes. Glia 21, 361 – 369.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUbl J. J., Sergeeva M. and Reiser G. ( 2000 ) Desensitisation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in rat astrocytes: evidence for a novel mechanism for terminating Ca2+ signalling evoked by the tethered ligand. J. Physiol. 2, 319 – 330.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVaughan P. J., Pike C. J., Cotman C. W. and Cunningham D. D. ( 1995 ) Thrombin receptor activation protects neurons and astrocytes from cell death produced by environmental insults. J. Neurosci. 15, 5389 – 5401.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVu T. K., Hung D. T., Wheaton V. I. and Coughlin S. R. ( 1991 ) Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation. Cell 64, 1057 – 1068.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang H., Ubl J. J. and Reiser G. ( 2002 ) Four subtypes of protease-activated receptors, co-expressed in rat astrocytes, evoke different physiological signaling. Glia 37, 53 – 63.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeinstein J. R., Gold S. J., Cunningham D. D. and Gall C. M. ( 1995 ) Cellular localization of thrombin receptor mRNA in rat brain: expression by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and codistribution with prothrombin mRNA. J. Neurosci. 15, 2906 – 2919.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeinstein J. R., Lau A. L., Brass L. F. and Cunningham D. D. ( 1998 ) Injury-related factors and conditions down-regulate the thrombin receptor (PAR-1) in a human neuronal cell line. J. Neurochem. 71, 1034 – 1050.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWu A. H. and Tsongalis G. J. ( 2001 ) Correlation of polymorphisms to coagulation and biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Am. J. Cardiol. 87, 1361 – 1366.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXi G., Wagner K. R., Keep R. F., Hua Y., de Courten-Myers G. M., Broderick J. P., Brott T. G. and Hoff J. T. ( 1998 ) The role of blood clot formation on early edema development following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 29, 2580 – 2586.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXi G., Keep R. F., Hua Y., Xiang J. M. and Hoff J. T. ( 1999 ) Attenuation of thrombin-induced brain edema by cerebral thrombin preconditioning. Stroke 30, 1247 – 1255.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXi G., Hua Y., Keep R. F. and Hoff J. T. ( 2000 ) Induction of colligin may attenuate brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir. 76, 501 – 505.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXi G., Hua Y., Keep R. F., Duong H. K. and Hoff J. T. ( 2001 ) Activation of p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinases in thrombin-induced brain tolerance. Brain Res. 895, 153 – 159.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXi G., Hua Y., Wu J. and Keep R. F. ( 2002 ) Increase of brain thrombin concentration in cerebral ischemia. Stroke 33, 399.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
j.1471-4159.2003.01268.x.pdf
Size:
130.3KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.