View Item 

Show simple item record

C. L. R. James and the Race/Class Question

dc.contributor.authorMartin, Tonyen_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-14T13:48:30Z
dc.date.available2010-04-14T13:48:30Z
dc.date.issued1972en_US
dc.identifier.citationMartin, Tony (1972). "C. L. R. James and the Race/Class Question." Race & Class 14(2): 183-193. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/68599>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0306-3968en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/68599
dc.format.extent3108 bytes
dc.format.extent769952 bytes
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.publisherSage Publicationsen_US
dc.titleC. L. R. James and the Race/Class Questionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelSocial Sciences (General)en_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelSocial Worken_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelSocial Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumUniversity of Michigan-Flinten_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68599/2/10.1177_030639687201400204.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/030639687201400204en_US
dc.identifier.sourceRace & Classen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSee George Breitman, ed., Leon Trotsky on Black Nationalism and Self-Determination (New York, Merit Publishers, 1967), passim.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMany of James's works contain biographical information. In addition, a biographical sketch can be found in Martin Glaberman's introduction to the C. L. R. James Special Issue of Radical America (Vol. IV, No. 4, May 1970). I am grateful to Mr. Glaberman for allowing me to obtain copies of publications by James which are out of print and difficult to come by, and for not appearing to be importuned by my many questions. Mr. Glaberman is a long-time political associate of Mr. James.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSince the famous Fifth Pan-African Congress held at Manchester in 1945, the term 'Pan-Africanism' has increasingly been applied to the question of political unity on the African continent. Its original meaning (which included both the above usage and the idea of a community of interest among African people all over the world) still enjoys wide currency. See, e.g., Stokely Carmichael, 'We Are All Africans', The Black Scholar (Vol. I, No. 7, 1970), pp. 15-19. James himself reflected this resurgence of the original Pan-African outlook when he reprinted his A History of Negro Protest (London, 1936) as A History of Pan-African Revolt (Washington, D.C., Drum and Spear Press, 1969).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC.L.R. James, World Revolution, 1917-1936-The Rise and Fall of the Communist International (London, Secker and Warburg, 1937).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins (New York, Vintage, 1963; first published 1938).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeon Trotsky on Black Nationalism, passim.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJames's own account of the tribulations surrounding his deportation can be found in his Mariners, Renegades and Castaways-The Story of Herman Melville and the World We Live In (New York, published by C. L. R. James, 1953).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeon Trotsky on Black Nationalism, p. 21.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohnson-Forest Tendency, Balance Sheet: The Workers Party and the Johnson-Forest Tendency (n.p., pub. by Johnson-Forest Tendency, August 1947), p. 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThe date of re-entry into the S.W.P. is erroneously given as 1951 in Ivar Oxaal, Black Intellectuals Come to Power, q.v. for much biographical information on James (Cambridge, Mass., Schenkman, 1968), p. 77. The 1951 date of final exit is given by James himself in J. R. Johnson, Letter on Organization (Detroit, Facing Reality Publishing Committee, n.d.), p. 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSee C.L.R. James, 'Dr. Williams's Trinidad: An Attack', Venture (January 1966).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC.L.R. James, 'African Development', Speak Out, journal of the Facing Reality Publishing Committee (Vol. II, No. 4April 1969), p. 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThe date given here for the formation of the Bureau is 1935. The date usually given is 1937. Also, the formation of the I.A.S.B. is usually credited solely to Padmore. For more on the relationship between Padmore and James, see C. L. R. James, 'Document: C. L. R. James on the Origins', Radical America (Vol. II, No. 4 July-August 1968), pp. 24-7, and J.R. Hooker, Black Revolutionary: George Padmore's Path from Communism to Pan-Africanism (London, Pall Mall, 1967), passim.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference'Document : C. L. R. James on the Origins', op. cit., p. 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKwame Nkrumah, Ghana (London, Nelson, 1959), p. 36.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference'Document: C. L. R. James on the Origins', op. cit., p. 26.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIbid.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSee C.L.R. James, Black Power: Its Past, Today, and the Way Ahead (Detroit, Facing Reality, 1968),en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencepassim; and Facing Reality Publishing Committee, The Gathering Forces (Detroit, Facing Reality, 1967), pp. 65-7. This was a draft of a statement to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution in the Soviet Union. It was a collective effort. Mr. Glaberman indicated to me the passages written by James.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilliams, in his autobiography, says he gave up an opportunity to visit Nigeria in order to confer with James in London in 1956 on his party's draft programme and Trinidad's draft constitution. Padmore and West Indian economist W. Arthur Lewis also participated in these discussions. See Eric Williams, Inward Hunger (London, Deutsch, 1969), p. 143.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack students in London organized a 'C. L. R. James School' recently—Bumbo (journal of the West Indian Students Union in London, n.p., n.d., c. April 1970); a recent case of James's participation in protest activities of black students in London can be found in the Trinidad Guardian (18 August 1967), p. 1. The occasion was the banning of Stokely Carmichael by the British and Trinidad governments.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJames's major works on Marxist theory are World Revolution; State Capitalism and World Revolution (Detroit, Facing Reality, 1969, first pub. 1950); and Facing Reality (Detroit, Correspondence, 1958).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack Power, p. 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ.R. Johnson, Letters on Organization (Detroit, Facing Reality, 1963), p. 14.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack Power, p. 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack Pacobins, p. 283.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC.L.R. James, 'The Revolutionary Solution to the Negro Problem in the United States', Radical America (Vol. IV, No. 4, May 1970), p. 18. The date given for the resolution here is 1947. James gives it as 1948 in C. L. R. James, Perspectives and Proposals (Detroit, Facing Reality, 1966), p. 31.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEspecially in Black Skin, White Masks (New York, Grove Press, 1967).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceE.g. in Ghana.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. Saunders Redding, The Lonesome Road (New York, Doubleday, 1958), p. 227.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC.L.R. James, Beyond A Boundary (London, Hutchinson, 1963), p. 40.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIbid, p. 39.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSee, e.g., Elliott Bastien, 'The Weary Road to Whiteness and the Hasty Retreat into Nationalism', in Henri Tajfel and John Dawson, eds., Disappointed Guests (London, Oxford University Press for the Institute of Race Relations, 1965), p. 44;en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAustin Clarke, 'Harrison College and Me', New World Quarterly (Vol. III, Nos. 1 and 2, Barbados Independence Issue, Dead Season 1966 and Croptime 1967), pp. 31-5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ.R. Johnson, Marxism and the Intellectuals (Detroit, Facing Reality, 1962), p. 14.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceConversation with Trotsky in Leon Trotsky on Black Nationalism, p. 26.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ.R. Johnson, Down With Starvation Wages in South-East Missouri (Local 313, UCAPAWA-CIO, n.d.), p. 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC.L.R. James, Modern Politics (Port-of-Spain, P. N. M. Publishing Company, 1960), p. 45.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeon Trotsky on Black Nationalism, p. 38.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarcus Garvey, 'The Negro, Communism, Trade Unionism and His [?] Friend', in Amy Jacques Garvey, ed., The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey (London, Frank Cass, 1967), Vol. II, p. 70.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ.R. Johnson, Why Negroes Should Oppose the War (New York, Pioneer Publishers, for the S.W.P. and the Young Peoples Socialist League, n.d.), p. 26.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeon Trotsky on Black Nationalism, p. 26.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIbid., pp. 24, 25.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIbid., p. 51.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIbid., p. 52.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThe Balance Sheet, p. 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference'The Revolutionary Solution to the Negro Problem...', op. cit.; for a later statement of James's group on the race question see 'Negro Americans and American Politics', in C. L. R. James, Every Cook Can Govern (Detroit, Correspondence, 1956), p. 19ff.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarxism and the Intellectuals, p. 29.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack Power, p. 9.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
10.1177_030639687201400204.pdf
Size:
751.9KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.