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C 3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C 4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO 2

dc.contributor.authorBarbehenn, Raymond V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChen, Zhongen_US
dc.contributor.authorKarowe, David N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSpickard, Angelaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-06-01T19:01:15Z
dc.date.available2010-06-01T19:01:15Z
dc.date.issued2004-09en_US
dc.identifier.citationBarbehenn, Raymond V.; Chen, Zhong; Karowe, David N.; Spickard, Angela (2004). "C 3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C 4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO 2 ." Global Change Biology 10(9): 1565-1575. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/72210>en_US
dc.identifier.issn1354-1013en_US
dc.identifier.issn1365-2486en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/72210
dc.description.abstractGrasses with the C 3 photosynthetic pathway are commonly considered to be more nutritious host plants than C 4 grasses, but the nutritional quality of C 3 grasses is also more greatly impacted by elevated atmospheric CO 2 than is that of C 4 grasses; C 3 grasses produce greater amounts of nonstructural carbohydrates and have greater declines in their nitrogen content than do C 4 grasses under elevated CO 2 . Will C 3 grasses remain nutritionally superior to C 4 grasses under elevated CO 2 levels? We addressed this question by determining whether levels of protein in C 3 grasses decline to similar levels as in C 4 grasses, and whether total carbohydrate : protein ratios become similar in C 3 and C 4 grasses under elevated CO 2 . In addition, we tested the hypothesis that, among the nonstructural carbohydrates in C 3 grasses, levels of fructan respond most strongly to elevated CO 2 . Five C 3 and five C 4 grass species were grown from seed in outdoor open-top chambers at ambient (370 ppm) or elevated (740 ppm) CO 2 for 2 months. As expected, a significant increase in sugars, starch and fructan in the C 3 grasses under elevated CO 2 was associated with a significant reduction in their protein levels, while protein levels in most C 4 grasses were little affected by elevated CO 2 . However, this differential response of the two types of grasses was insufficient to reduce protein in C 3 grasses to the levels in C 4 grasses. Although levels of fructan in the C 3 grasses tripled under elevated CO 2 , the amounts produced remained relatively low, both in absolute terms and as a fraction of the total nonstructural carbohydrates in the C 3 grasses. We conclude that C 3 grasses will generally remain more nutritious than C 4 grasses at elevated CO 2 concentrations, having higher levels of protein, nonstructural carbohydrates, and water, but lower levels of fiber and toughness, and lower total carbohydrate : protein ratios than C 4 grasses.en_US
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dc.format.extent3109 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
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dc.publisherBlackwell Science Ltden_US
dc.rights© 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltden_US
dc.subject.otherCarbohydrateen_US
dc.subject.otherC 3 Grassesen_US
dc.subject.otherC 4 Grassesen_US
dc.subject.otherElevated CO 2en_US
dc.subject.otherNutrienten_US
dc.subject.otherPoaceaeen_US
dc.subject.otherProteinen_US
dc.titleC 3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C 4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO 2en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelEcology and Evolutionary Biologyen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelGeology and Earth Sciencesen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScienceen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumDepartments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA ,en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationum† Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA ,en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationother† School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5018, USA ,en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationother§ Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USAen_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72210/1/j.1365-2486.2004.00833.x.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00833.xen_US
dc.identifier.sourceGlobal Change Biologyen_US
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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