Winter Navigation in the Bothnian Bay and the Iceworthiness of Merchant Vessels

Abstract

Winter navigation in the Bothnian Bay is a subject that continues to be discussed both among professionals, and in the news media. Winter navigation in the Bothnian Bay should first and foremost provide an economical mode of transporting goods so that three important qualities of transportation are ensured: dependability, speed, and low cost. The chronic discontent concerning winter navigation in the Bothnian Bay implies that these qualities have not been fully attained. The Foundation for Navigation has given the author the task to compile this memorandum, the purpose of which is to try to bring out navigational considerations.