AFCRL-803 THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering 1961 Review UPPER AIR DENSITIES AND TEMPERATURES MEASURED BY THE FALLING SPHERE METHOD Results from 13 Flights between 1952 and 1958 Reviewed and Summarized in 1961 by L. M. Jones and J. W. Peterson ORA. Project, 035 58 under contract with: AIR FORCE COMMAND AND CONTROL DEVELOPMENT DIVISION LAURENCE G. HANSCOM FIELD BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS administered through: OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION February 1961 ANN ARBOR

UPPER AIR DENSITIES AND TEMPERATURES MEASURED BY THE FALLING SPHERE METHOD INTRODUCTION Between 1952 and 1958 a series of 13 measurements of upper-air density and temperature were carried out by the University of Michigan Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering using the. falling-sphere techniqueO The flights took place at White Sands, Wallops Island, at sea and at Ft. Churchill. The results were published in the following references: 1, Bartman, F. L. and L. M. Jones, "Density and Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere as Measured by the Falling-Sphere Method", Univ. of Mich. E.R.I. Report 2299-1-F, 1955. 2, Bartman, F. L., L. W. Chaney, L. M. Jones and V. C, Liu, "Upper-Air Density and Temperature by the Falling Sphere Method", Jour. App, Phys. 27, 7, 1956. 3, Jones, L. M. and F. L. Bartman, "A Simplified Falling Sphere Method for Upper-Air Density", Univ. of Mich,, E. R. I. Report 2215-10-T, 1956. 4. Jones, L. M., J. W. Peterson, E. J. Schaefer and H. F. Schulte, "Upper Air Densities and Temperatures from Eight IGY Rocket Flights by the Falling Sphere Method", Nat. Acad. Sci. IGY Rocket Report Series No. 5, 1959, 5. Jones, L. M., J, W. Peterson, E. J. Schaefer and H. F. Schulte, "Upper Air Density and Temperature: Some Variations and an Abrupt Warming in the Mesosphere", Jour, Geopho Res. 64, 12, 1959, In this report the tabulated results of all ofthe flights are gathered together in a consistent series for two purposes: 1. To be available for use in the preparation of standard atmospheres. Two such models are now being prepared: the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere and the Extension to the ICAO Standard Atmosphere. 2. To publish revisions in the density and temperature results from six of the flights. The revisions result from the use of new sphere drag coefficient data recently published. The changes are nominal, being perhaps 15% at the highest altitudes, 5% at 60 kilometers and zero at 40 kilometers. Seven of the flights are unaffected. The geophysical significance of the results as discussed in reference 5 are unaffected.

In addition to the tabulations from all of the flights, we have included revised versions of some of the plotted curves of reference 5. The new curves show the following: 1. Revised density and temperature values using new CD values. 2. The ARDC Model Atmosphere 1959 as reference rather than the 1956 version. 3. Individual temperature points instead of averages for the flights AM 6. 02, 3, 5, and SM 2. 10 which took place at Ft. Churchill and which show an example of "explosive warming" at rocket altitudes as discussed in reference 5. The falling sphere technique is limited at low altitudes as well as at very high altitudes. In the later case accelerometer sensitivity or precision of tracking is a difficulty. A few of the high altitude scattered points are not plotted. At low altitudes the aerodynamics of spheres are such that an unsteady condition of. flow can be expected accompanied by variable drag force and uncertain drag coefficient data. Data from all the spheres show scatter at low altitudes, some more than others. Low altitude data are not shown when drag coefficients were believed to be unreliable. The sphere derived densities and temperatures agreed rather well with balloonsonde measurements except in the case of SM 2. 10. A satisfactory explanation for the scatter in the data of SM 2. 10 below 27 kilometers has not been found so that in this region the balloon points should be used. ERRORS The main source of error of the density results is believed to be the uncertainty in the drag coefficient data. The derived density is inversely proportional to the assumed drag coefficient. This error is estimated to be 2% except at very low Reynolds numbers which correspond to altitudes greater than 70 kilometers where the error is estimated to be 5%. At higher altitudes the threshold of accelerometer sensitivity or precision of tracking is finally reached which varies from one sphere to another. The threshold effect can be estimated by observing the scatter of the density data. In all cases the data analysis has been continued into the threshold area where the scatter is 100 per cent. This occurs in the 80 to 90 kilometer range in the group of accelerometer spheres and 60 to 70 kilometer in the group of tracked spheres (SC numbers). The error in the

absolute temperature is similar to the error in the density except that errors due to drag coefficient tend to cancel. This is because the derived temperature is proportional to ratio of pressure to density and pressure is found by integrating density. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Financial support for this report and for most of the sphere work was provided by Geophysics Research Directorate, Air Force Command and Control Development Division (formerly Air Force Cambridge Research Center). The early work with the large inflatable spheres was supported by U. S. Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory. -3 -

SC-23 14 May 1952 18:16 MS T,. WSP G, N~ew Mexico, 32. 40 Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 50. 38 50. 66 50. 94 51. 23 51. 51 51. 80 52. 08 52..37 52. 65 52. 93 53. 22 53. 50 53. 78 54. 06,54. 34 54. 62.54. 89 55. 17 55. 45 550 72 56. 00.56..27 56. 54 56. 81 Density (kg/ cu meter) O.00116 * 00111 O00107 00103 * 000984 o 000938 O 000897 * 000861 O 000814..000819.000819 * 000778 O 000747 O 000706 O 0007.58 * 000-670 *000675 O 000680 * 000639.0-00644 O 000511 * 000655 O 000567 * 000572 Temperature (0Kelvin) 269 270 272 274 274 278 — 4 -

SC -23 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 57. 08 57. 35 57. 62 57, 88: 58. 15 58. 41 58. 67 58. 93 59. 18 59. 44 59. 69 59. 95 60, 19 60. 44 60. 69 60. 94 61. 18 61. 42 61. 66 61. 90 62. 13 62. 37 Density.(kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0~lvn.000429.000434.000444 'o000449.000454.000459.000412.000360.000365 o 000370.000434 *000380.000446 o 000394 "a000463.000405 * 000289. 000225.000165 o 000236.000241 4000244.-5 -

SC- 23 (continued) Altitude Density Temperature (kilometers) (kg/cu meter) (~Kelvin) 62.60.000248 62.83.000256 63.05.000260 63.28.000264 63.50.000270 63.72.000358 63.94.000369 64. 16. 000287 64.37.000296 64.59.000213 64.80.000133 65.01.0000469 65.42.000145 65.62.0000515 65.82.000154 66.02.0000541 66.21.000164 66.40.000170 66.59.000287 66.78.000293 66.97.000412 67.15.000190 -6 -

SC-29 11 Th'I'ecember 1952 16:47 MST., WSPG, New Mexico, 32.4 0 Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers).34..07 34. 22 34. 37 34. 52 34. 68 34-.84 35. 01 35. 18 35. 35 35, 53 35, 72.35..91 36. 10f 36. 30.36. 50 36. 71 36. 92.37. 14.37. 37 37. 60 37. 84 38. 08 38. 33 38, 59 38. 86 39. 13 39. 41 Density (kg/cu meter).00984 0104 0102 *0102 * 0104 o0102 *00953 *009.02 00825 00763 o00722 00732 00747 00644 *00588 o00613 o00577.00526 o00521 00567 00.582 o00536 *00497 o00466 *00412 *003.72 00341 Temperature.(0Kelvin) 222 206 205 200 191 188. 1.96..201 214 225 231 222 211 2 37.253 235 243 259 254.225 211 222 229 236 257 275 290.-7 -

SC-29 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 39. 70 39, 99 40, 29 40. 59 40, 90 41. 22 41. 55 41. 88 42. 22 42. 57 42. 92 43. 27 43. 63 43.. 99 44. 36 44. 74 45. 13 45. 51 45. 91 46, 30 46. 70 47. 10 47, 52 47, 93 48. 35 48. 77 49. 19 49. 6 2 Density (kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0 00341 00377 00391 00364 *00312 *00271 00279,*00290 00264 00222,00210, 00213 *00209.00221 * 00235 00217 *00169 *00144 00148 *00156 *0016 2 *00163 *00154 00141 00107.000804.000964 * 000979 281 244 224 230 257 285 265 245 256 292 297 281 274 247 238 225 275 308 287 260 235 220 219 225 281 357 285 267 -8 -

SC-29 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature (~Kelvin) 50. 05 50.48 50. 91 51. 34 51. 78 52. 21 52. 65 53. 09 53. 53 53. 97 54. 41 54. 85 55. 29 55. 74 56. 17 56. 62 57. 06 57, 50 57. 94 58. 38 58. 83 59, 27 59. 71 60. 16 60. 60 61. 04 61, 48 61. 93.000850.000783.000680.000794.000897.000758.000655.000598.000521.000508.000492.000464.000421.000407.000465.000521.000541 o000588. 000588.000488.000458.000457.000442.000384.000274.000230.000263.000278 291 301 331 271 226 251 275 286 311 305 300 303 318 314 261 219 197 182 167 185 182 167 158 165 214 239 195 170

SC-29 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 62. 37 62. 80 63.. 24 63. 67 64. 11 65. 39 6.5. 81 66. 23 66. 65 67. 07 67. 48 67, 90 68. 31 6-8. 7-2 69.0 13 69. 53 69. 94 70. 34 70..74 71, 14 71.. 54 71. 94 7.2, 33 74. 26 74. 64 75.. 02 75,.39 Density (kg/ cu meter) o 000220 000104 * 0000460.0000460.0000184.0000804.000142.000127.000128.000147 * 000131 * 0000840 00000691.000116 * 000169 *, 000136 o 0000861.000122 * 000157 o 000141.000107.0000727 * 0000207 * 0000221.00000562.00000572 O 0000435 Temperature (0Kelvin) -10 —

SC~-30 23 April 1953 12:33 MST, WSPG, New Mexico, 32.40N Descending. Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density.(kg/cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) 36. 78 37. 04 37. 30 37, 58 37. 86 38. 15 38. 44 38. 75 39. 06 39. 39.39. 72 40. 05 40. 40 40. 75 41. 11 41. 49 41. 87 42. 25 42. 65.43. 05 43. 46 43. 88 449 30 * 00526.00515.00521.00490.00477.00457.00420.00403.00399 * 00368 * 00338..00333 * 0 0338. 00333.00326 o 00303 * 00270 * 00251.00 249.00244. 00224 o 00200 * 00199 274 271 259 266 263 265 278 279. 271 282 296 288 272 264 257 264.283 2 91 27 9 272 281 300 273

SC-30 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/cu meter) 44. 73 45. 17 45. 60 46. 05 46. 51 46. 96 47. 43 47. 90 48. 38 48. 86 49. 34 49. 83 50. 33 50. 83 51. 33.51. 83 52. 34 52. 85 53. 36 53. 87 54. 39 54. 91 55. 43.00183.00162'.00176.00170 * 00157.00164. 00147. 00133 o.00137.00130 *00108 *00105. 00104 0:00912 4 000866.000892 * 000783 * 000624.000655.000768 00O0701. 000639 00O0567 Temperature (0Kelvin) 296 321 280 276 283 255 260 278 255 254 285 276 264.282 280 255 272' 322 290 231 235 240 274 -012 -

SC-30 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 55. 95 56. 47 57. 00 57. 52 58, 04 58. 57 59. 09.59. 62 60. 14 60. 66 61.,19 61. 71 62. 22 62. 75 63. 27 63. 73 64. 31 64. 82:65. 34 65. 85 66. 36 66. 88 67. 39 Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin).000462.000472.000447.000403.000424.000389. 000311.000300.. 000256.000208.000269.000291.000269.000258.000258. 000271.000177 *0000722.0000850.000121.000147 0000159 6000111 290 266 263 274 242 246.289 279.308 3.59 263 226 226 218 201 174 244 -13 -

SC-30 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 67. 89 68. 40 68. 90 69. 40 69. 90 70.. 40 70. 90.71. 39 71.. 8.9 72.. 38 72.. 87.73. 35 73. 84 74. 32 75. 28 75. 75 76. 23 77. 64 78. 57 7.9. 03 79.,94 80. 39 80.. 84 Density.(kg/cu meter).0000758 *000138.000.125 * 0000639 * 0000644 *.0000655 * 000105.000118 O 0000660.00000412 O 0000294 O 0000546.0000123.0000164 * 0000430.000102 O0000.747. 0000588.0.0003 13.00001714 * 0000475 O 0000321 Temperature (0CKelvin) -14 -

SC-31 29 September 1953 13:50 MST, WSPG, New Mexico, 32.4 0N Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/cu meter).Temperature (0Kelvin), 31. 31 31. 39 31. 46 31. 54 31. 62 31. 70 31. 78 31. 85 31. 93 32. 02 32. 10 32. 18 32. 26 32.. 34 32. 42 3 2. 51 32, 59 -32. 68 32. 76 32. 85 32. 94 33. 03 33. 11.33. 20 33. 29 33. 38 33. 47 33. 56 0162 0157 0155 01 57 0151 0145 0159 0155 0145 0152 *0.148 0127 *0138 0164 * 0144 *0128.0126 *0132 0149 0137 00959 *00964 0.0122.0129 *0132.0113 *0109.0118 225 230 237 224 230 235 212 213 229 215 218 250 228 194 213 237 240 223 195 208 296 292 227 218 209 230 242 221

SC-31 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) Density.(kg/cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) 33. 66 33. 75 33. 84 33, 94 34. 03 34. 12.34, 22 34. 31 34. 41:34. 52 34. 61 340 71.34. 81 34. 91 35. 01 350 11 35. 22 35. 32 350 43 35. 53 35. 64 -350 75 35. 85 35. 96.36. 07 36. 18 36. 30 36. 41 000902 00840 *0108.00995 O 00830.00881.0118 o01,34 O 0108 o00727 O00665 -O00794 O00912 O00964 O00933 00835.00758 O00804 O00819 O00747 O00716 O00722 O00722 *00727 00716 O00680 O00691 O00696 283 298 234 246 294 274 202 177 213.314 ~340 282 242 226 230 252 272 256 246 266.276 268 266 261 261 268 263 255

SC-31 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 36. 52 36. 64 36. 75 36. 87 36. 98 37. 10 37. 22 37. 34 37.46 37. 58 37. 70 37. 82 37. 95 38. 07 38. 19 38. 32 38.45 38. 58 38. 70 38. 83 38. 96 39. 09 39. 22 39. 36 39. 49 39.63 39. 76 39. 90 Density (kg/cu meter).00608.00588.00655.00618. 00680.00634.00428 00608.00593.00562.00613 o00546. 00443.00562 o 00577 o 00417.00376.00428 00536.00572.00479.00432.00466 o 00450.00441.00442. 00388.00403 Temperature (OKelvin) 289 293 262 273 245 258 375 262 263 275 250 274 329 259 246 -17 -

SC-31 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 400 04 40. 18 40. 32 40. 46 4.0. 60 40,, 74 40. 88 41. 03 41. 17 41. 32 41. 46.41. 61 41. 75 41. 90 42..05 42. 20.42, 35 42. 50 42. 66 42. 81 42. 96 43. 11 430 27 43. 42 43. 58 43. 74 43. 90 44, 06 Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature (0K~elvin) O00414 00410 00415 O00-365 O00349.00336 O00326 00348 O 00344 O00352 *00314 O00277 o00344 O00416 'O 00354 00293 o 00282 O00226 O00269 O00352 00320,00259 O00305 o00301 O00259 *00326 O 00305 O00245. -18 -

SC-31 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 44. 22 44. 38 44. 54 44. 70 440 87 45. 03 45. 20 45,. 36 459 53.45. 70 45, 87 46. 04 46. 21 46. 38 46. 55 46. 72. 46. 89 47. 06 47, 23 470 40 47. 58 47, 75 470 92 48. 10 48. 27 48.44 48,. 61 48, 78 Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvvin).00296 O00222 O00160 O00287 O00303 O00259 O00270 O00234 O00237 O00244 *00185,00208 O00196 00138 O00.190 O00229 O00195 O00187 O,00231 O00218 O00157 o00150 O00162 O00112 O00105 *00182 *00194 O00141 = 19 -

SC-31 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 48. 95 49. 12 49. 30 49. 47 49. 64 49. 81 49. 98 50. 15 50. 31 50. 48 50. 65 50. 81 50. 97 51. 14 5 1.'30 51. 46 51. 62 51o 78 51. 94 52. 10 52. 25 52. 40 52. 56 52. 71 52. 86 53, 0.1 53. 1.5 Density (kg/cu meter) 00126 * 00191 00-186 00105 *00128 00132.000598.000907.00160.00165.00109.00112 00188 00118.000546.00116.000866 *000.381 00107 00142 00103.000778 00116 00125.000371.000464.000809 Temperature.(0Kelvin) -20 -

SC-31 (continued) Ascending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 46. 42 46. 76 47. 09 470 4.0 470 70 48. 00 48. 28 48, 55 48. 82 49. 08 49, 33 49. 58 49. 82 50, 06 50. 29 50. 51 50. 72 50. 94 51. 15 51. 35 51. 55 51. 74 51. 93.52. 12 52, 30 52, 48 52, 66 52. 83.53. 00 53. 16 53, 32 53, 47 53. 63 Density (kg/cu meter) O 00159 O 00144 *00160 *00150 *00136 O00147 o00143 O00140 *00148 * 00112 'a.000876 o 000923 * 00110 O 00141 * 00126 * 000923 O 000876 O 000789 O.00100 O 00137 O 00110 O 000701 * 000402 o 00,0335 *00102 O 00180 * 00171 * 000979 O 000500 * 000835 o00103 * 000768 * 000423 -21 - Temperature (0KelIvin)

DAN 2 24 June 1955 13:04 EST, Wallops Is. 37 90N Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) 30. 52 31. 07 32., 22 32. 79 33. 99 35. 22 36. 49 37. 13 37., 78 38. 44 390 11 39. 81 40. 46 41. 13 41. 79 42. 48 43. 13 43., 80 44, 50 45, 15 45. 82 47. 14 47. 80 48. 47 49. 11.0180,,0164 O 0122 0 0111 O 00969 O 00902 * 00644 * 00670 0 00551 O 00446 * 00498 * 00475.00350 * 00320 00281 * 00338 * 00276 O 00233 O 00222 O 00197 * 00207 0 00150.00137 0 00151. 00132 219 222 251 255 249 224 26 2 231 256 292 240 227.283 28-6 301 230 257 27 9 270 279 243 283 287 239 249 - 22 -

Altitude (kilometers) Density -(kg/ cu- meter) Temperature (0Kelvin') 49. 75 50. 41 51, 07 51. 71 5.2. 35 52. 99 53. 62 -54. 25' 54. 88 55. 50 56. 12 56. 74 57. 35 57, 96 58. 56 59. 18.59. 77 60. 37 60. 91 61. 54 62. 14 62. 72 63. 29 63. 86 64. 43 00123 *00101.000979 * 000984 * 000825..000758 * 000665 * 000644. 000572 000551 000521 *000485.000456. 0004.17.000384.'000385 00O0331.00-0300 o 000318. 000255 *. 000251.000239,000206 * 000209. 000178 245 275 261 238 261 262 276 263 273 262 257 254 249 25-1 251 231 247 252 220 251 234 226 241 2 1 9 236 -23 -

DAN 2 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 64. 98 65. 55 66. 11 66. 65 67. 21 67'. 77 68., 83 69. 36 70. 43 70..94 71. 46 71, 96 72. 49 72., 98 73, 49 73. 98 74. 48 724,* 9 6 75. 45 75. 91 76. 42 76. 89 77. 34 77. 82 78. 27 Density.(kg/cu meter) *000162.00.0164 *000151.000-129 000123.000118 *000101.0000866.00007.16.0000742.0000665 0000557.0000716. 0000567.0000541 * 0000504.0000403.0000349 * 0000434.0000279.0000390.0000301.0000234.0000302.0000247 Temperature (0Kelvin) 241 218 217 235 228.219 216 2.33 -24 -

D.AN 2 (continued) Ascending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 61. 14 61, 76 62. 35 62. 96 63. 56 64. 15 64. 74 65. 31 65. 90 66.. 47 67. 06 67. 58 68. 14 68. 69 69, 26 69. 83 70. 36 Density (kg/ cu meter)-.Temperature ( Kpelvin). 000298.#000279. 000213. 000219 * 000198. 000187. 000173.. 000157.000140. 000145. 000125.*000115. 000118 000100 * 0000964 * 0000886.0000819 -25 -

DAN 2 (c ont inu ed) Altitude (kilometers) 70. 90 71. 44 71. 97 73. 01 73. 54 74. 07 74, 59 75. 08 75. 61 76. 12 76. 56 77. 08 77. 58 78. 08 78. 55 79.. 02 79. 50 Density Temperature (kg/cu meter) (0Kelvin) * 0000727.0000747.0000680.0000526.0000515 * 0000456 * 0000414.0000387 * 0000342 * 0000347 * 0000319 * 0000274 * 0000294 * 0000265 * 0000249 * 0000253 * 0000224 -26 -

AM 6.01 6 July 1956 13:00 EST, Wallops Is., 37.9~N Descending Trajectory Data Altitude Density Temperature (kilometers) (kg/cu meter) (~Kelvin) 49.03.00148 279 50.93.00121 270 52.82.000941 276 55.61.000691 267 56.52.000675 241 57.43.000615 232 58.32.000479 60.11.000407 61.00.000367 61.87.000326 62.75.000305 63.62.000251 64.48.000231 65.34.000203 66.20.000178 67.04.000161 67.90.000135 68.73.000125 70.41.000105 72.06.0000800 72.90.0000839 -27 -

AM 6. 01 (continued) Ascending Trajectory Data Altitude Density Temperature (kilometers) (kg/cu meter) (~Kelvin) 61.47.000247 62.42. 000312 64.29 000165 65.20.000201 67.01.000174 67.93. 000076:1 68.79.000119 69.62.000191 70.52.000138 71.39.000110 72.25.0000823 73. 13.0000631 73.94.0000699 74.79.0000505 76.44.0000431 77.26.0000394 78.10.0000292 79.71 0.0000188 80.49. 0000207 81.26.0000239 82.03.0000249 85. 20. 00000880 86.67.00000836 -28 -

AM 6. 09 2 November 1956 15:40 Z3T, At Sea, 49 0N, 48. 40W Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 19. 42 19. 76 20. 13 20. 52 20. 96 21, 93.22. 48 23. 05 23. 65.24. 28 24. 96 25. 70 26. 48 29. 10 30. 04 30. 99 31. 97 32. 98 33. 99 35. 02 36, 06 37. 12 38. 17 39. 25 40. 30 41. 36 42. 44 Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) 106 100 0922 0861 0800 0664,06 21 0545 0487 0445 0401 0348 0306 0200 0174 0144 0124 0107 00-904 00770 00656 00551 00470 00401 00344 00294 00256 197 196 201 201.201 206 201 208 21 2 209 208 213 214 217 215 224 224 224 228 230 232.237 239 241 243 245 243 -29 -

AM 6. 09 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 43. 51 44. 58 45. 65 46..73 48. 85 49. 90 50. 96 52. 00 53. 05 54, 08 -55. 09 56. 11 57. 11 58. 13.59. 13 61.. 12 62. 10 63. 09 64. 03:65. 01 65.. 96 67.. 84 68. 76,70. 59 71. 52 72. 44 750 1 2 Density (kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) 00218 00185 00158 00137 00106.000923.000789. 000705.0005b0.0004.92.000423.000383.000337.000-293 * 000288 * 000207.000190.000186.000174.000122..000111.0000772.0000642.0000392. 0000486 00000708 o 0000355 246.252 255 254 249 247 251 244 258 266 2-73 265 266 269 239

AM 6. 09 (continued) Ascending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature ('Kelvin) '64,,45 71. 45 75, 24 -79. 69 80. 57 81., 39;0000940 0000449,.0000365;0000236,0000152.0000203 -31 -

AM 6. 10 4 November 1956 15:54 Z3T, At Sea, 57. 8 N, 46 7. 0W Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/ cu meter).Temperature.(0Kelvin) 19. 14 19. 48.19. 84 20. 24 20, 67 21. 14 26. 85 27. 81 28. 78 29. 80 3O0. 89 31. 97 34. 28 36. 60 37. 79 39. 00 40. 22 41. 42 42. 64 43. 85 45. 07 46. 28 47. 52 48. 74 49. 94 51. 16 52. 38 *117 *105 0994 *0922 *0856.0304 0247 *0212 *0190 0156 *0124 00857 00592 *00488 *00394 00318 *00261 00229 00189 00160 00135 00114.000934.000775,000684.000578 195 194 1 92 1 90 189 187 203 214 213 202 205 216 219 222 225 233 243 251 243 249 250 252 253 263 273 265 26 9

AM 6. 10 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 53. 63 54. 87 56. 09 57. 31 58. 51 59. 72 60, 92 6 2. 13 63. 33 64, 52 65..71 66. 87 68. 06 70. 39 71. 57 '72. 74 73. 87 75. 03 76. 18 78. 54 79, 74 81. 79 82. 76 84. 78 85. 79 87. 77 Density (kg/ cu meter) 1000488 * 000571 * 000396.000318.000307.000205.000184 o000179 000158 000131.0000870 * 0000797 * 0000703.0000490.0000463 o 0000459 * 0000256.0000254.0000186 o 00001-52 o 0000160.00000863 o 00000536.00000538 o 00000520.00000470 Temperature (0Kelvin) 274 1 - 231 242 210 265 252 219 205 203 257 240 230 236 209 - 33 -

AM 6.10 (continued) Ascending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 79. 50 80. 77 81. 95 83. 23 84. 37 85. 58 86. 78 87. 90 89. 02 90. 23 Density (kg/cu meter).0000126.00000827.00000852. 00000527.00000597. 00000544.00000389 *00000470.00000510. 00000285 Temperature (~Kelvin)

AM 6. 12 10 November 1956 11: 17 Z4T, At Sea 65,.6 NJ58. W Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 18. 05 18. 41 18. 82 19. 27 19. 76.20. 28 22. 91 26. 52 28. 60 29. 75 30. 96 32. 20 33. 44 34. 68 35, 93 37. 22.38. 54 39. 84 41. 17 42. 48 43. 81 45. 15 46. 46 47. 80 49. 11 Density (kg/.cu meter) Temperature (Kelvin).111l * 106 * 0978 * 0913 * 0840.0753.0485 * 0270 * 0190.0158. 0128 * 0104.00835.00664.00564.00455 * 00369.00308 * 00252 o 00211 * 00172. 00140 00122.000965 * 000774 203 200 202 2.00 201 205 208 207 209 209 213 215 221 231 226 232 236 235 237.235 238 244 231 243 253 -35 -

AM 6. 12 (continued) Altitude Density Temperature (kilometers) (kg/cu meter) (~Kelvin) 50.41 000668 246 51.70.000548 252 52. 99.000452 258 54. 25.000396 249 55.53.000311 269 58.04.000245 246 59.29.000211 240 62.97.000120 64.18.000109 65.41.0000955 66.61.0000812 71.33.0000398 72.50.0000382 73.59 o.0000282 74.80.0000242 75.97.0000287 77.09.0000186 79.37.0000208 80.49.0000217 81.60 o 0000207 83.75.0000167 84.70.00000611 85.80. 00000848 86.85.00000812 89.96.00000742 -36 -

AM 6. 12 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) Ascending Trajectory Data Density (kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0Kevn 65. 06 66. 44 67i. 77 69. 10 71.,68 74., 19 75, 45 76. 68 77, 91 79, 12. 0001.19.0000788.0000638.0000535.0000431.0000312.0000232 * 0000152 * 0000180.0000142

AM 6. 02 25 January 1958 13:12 CST, Ft. Churchill, 58.7~N Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 18. 44 18. 84 19. 27 20. 27 20. 83 21. 44 22. 86 23. 67 24. 54 28. 75 29. 97 31. 24 33. 89 35. 25 36. 64 38. 04 39. 46 40. 86 42. 33 43. 66 45. 07 46. 50 47. 90 49. 29 50. 68 52. 09 53.44 54. 80 Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin).113 * 106.101.0827.0736.0684. 0543.0481. 0422.0220 * 0176.0141.00895.00693.00552.00434.00352.00278.00220. 00176.00140 00115.000908.000792 000652. 000535 o 000430.000344 208 207 203 211 217 211 212 210 208 198 201 203 206 214 216 222.220 226 229 236.243 244 255 242 243 244 253 265

AM 6. 02 (continued) Altitude (kilometers) 56. 15 57. 47 58. 80 60. 10 61. 44 62. 75 64. 04 65. 33:66. 60 69. 12 700 35 71. 60 72. 82.74. 03 75. 25 76. 48 77. 64 78. 84 80. 01 81. 17 82. 35 83. 49 84. 56 ~85. 72 86. 84 87. 87 89. 04 90..13 Density (.kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) O 000287.000247 O000211.000174 O000153 O000128 O000106 * 0000979 O 0000779 * 000-0621 O 0000474 O 0000418.0000381 O 0000276 O 0000-241 O0 0000229 * 0000158 O 0000148.0000128 O 00000913 O 0000101 * 00000914 O 00000554 O 00-000-647 O 00000605 O 00000337 * 00000432 oO00000364 267 263 260 267 256 258 263.240 255 225 248 236 217 252

AM 6. 02 (continued) Ascending Trajectory Data Altitude Density Temperature (kilometers) (kg/cu meter) (~Kelvyin) 57.28.000243 272 60.02.000181 257 61.38.000152 258 64.05 0000110 250 65.36.0000946 244 67.95.0000681 236 69.23. 0000550 244 70.49.0000514 218 71.75.0000409 227 74. 25.0000321 75.50.0000245 77.94.0000168 79.19.0000128 80.38.0000106 81.56.00000982 82.75.00000739 83.88.00000780 85.10. 00000604 86.26.00000517 88. 46. 00000335

SM 2. 10 27 January 1958 12:48 CST, Ft. Churchill, 58.-70N Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) 19." 1.6 19. 70 20, 31 21. 00 22. 66 23. 62 24. 69 25, 83 27. 06.29. 71 32. 54 34. 02 35, 50.36. 99 39,o 99 41s 49 42. 99 44, 50 45. 99 47. 46 48. 94 50. 41 51. 85 * 108 0904 0995.0797 * 0546.0451.0377. 0294 * 0246 * 0128.00835 * 00665. 00474 o 00379.00222.00182.00147.00123.000997 o 000799.000683 * 000550 * 000450 181 195 157 170 180 183 179 185 176 212 206 202 225 225 250 249 253 246 248 254 243 247 248 -41 -

SM 2. 10 (continued) Altitude (kilometers') 53, 30 -58. 98 60. 39 63. 13 64. 51 65.. 85 67. 20 69. 84 71, 13 72. 43 73. 70 74. 96 76. 20 77,.45 78, 68 79. 90 81. 11 83. 46 84. 62 85. 80 86. 96 88. 07 89. 20 90, 33 Density (kg./cu meter) Temperature (0 kelvi -I).000364 000175 *000141 *000101 * 0000894.0000709 * 0000591 * 0000394.0000342 * 0000293 * 0000229.0000172 * 0000140 00000121.0000109 * 00000988 o 00000852.00000526.00000461.00000454.00000421.00000321.00000215.00000172 252 243 250 240.222.229 226 230 218 207 218 241

AM 6. 03 29 January 1958 13:06 CST, Ft. Churchill, 58.7~N Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density (kg/cu meter) Temperature (~:Kelvin) 18. 18 18. 63 19. 12 19.. 66 20. 94 21. 69 22.52 24.44 26.76 28.06 29. 44 30. 90 32. 42 33. 97 37. 18 38.81 40. 44 42. 09 43. 74 45, 38 47. 04 48.68 50. 33 51. 98 53. 59.106.103.0969.0870.0721,0646, 0569.0442 0316.0247.0185.0150.0112.00848 00473'.00368.00299.00252.00205.00169.00140.00118.000978.000849.000712 229 220 217 222 220 219 219 207 197 202 215 210 223 233 271 287 292 286 289 291 288 283 280 262 253 -43 -

AM 6.03 (continued) Altitude Density Temperature (kilometers) (kg/cu meter) (Kelvin) 55.22.o000585 248 56.83 o.000479 243 58.42.000376 249 60.03.000297 255 61.60.0e00241 255 63.17.000203 245 64.74.000172 232 69.35.0000902 227 70.86.0000706 233 72.34.c0000529 253 73. 84.0000414 267 75.31.0000334 276 76.78.0000297 258 78.23.0000267 236 79.68.0000228 223 81.07.0000142 300 82. 50.0000119 308 85.27.00000860 86.66 o 00000798 88.05.00000799 89.35.00000509 90.68.00000380 93.37.000004 14 97.29.00000341 98.50.00000220 99. 77.00000225 -44 -

AM 6. 03 (continued) Ascending Trajectory-Data Altitude (kilo'meters)fC..Density.(kg/ cu me~ter) Temperature (OK-elyvin), 229 69, 59.74. 38 77. 54 82. 16.85. 21. 86. 69 o 0000845 * 0000474 * 0000.237.0000124.00000776 * 00000727 -.45-.

AM 6.05 4 Marchl1958 13:30 CST, Ft. Churchill, 58. 701 Descending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) Density.(kg/ cu meter) Temperature (0Kelvin) 17. 94 18. 86 19. 39 19. 97 20. 62 22. 14 23:. 00 23. 98 25. 03 27. 40 28. 71 31. 52 33. 01 34, 55 36. 10 37. 70 39. 31 40. 92 42. 55 44. 17 45. 81 47. 44 49. 06..125.0962.0893 0787.0714.0579.0513.0440.0369.0261 * 0209.0131.0104.00835 * 00650.00494.00413.00305.00242.00194.00156.00126.00103 195 218 216 224 224 219 217 216 219 214 218 227 229 227 232 244 232 251 255 257 259 259 255 -46 -

AM 6. 05 (continued) Altitude Density Temperature (kilometers) (kg/cu meter) (~Kelvin) 50.69.000835 254 52.,29.000686 250 53.89. 000564 245 55.50, 000448 248 57 08 o.000365 246 58.68.000293 246 63.38.000162 230 64.91.000130 229 66.44 o.000101 236 67.97.0000834 230 69..48.0000643 241 72.44.0000362 295 73,94.0000347 256 75.41.0000311 234 78.30.0000184 81.,13.0000113 82.,58.0000127 83. 97. 00000983 85.40 1.0000108 86.75.00000714 88. 14.00000875 89. 36. 00000306 90.79.00000425 -47

AM 6. 05 (continued) Ascending Trajectory Data Altitude (kilometers) 57. 15 58. 83 60. 49 62. 15 63. 76 65,, 38 68,, 58 70, 18 73. 32 76. 43 79, 25 82. 23 85. 16 Density.(kg/cu meter) Temperaturie.('.OKelvin) * 000348.000277.000220.000181.000144 Is000114.0000691 * 0000571.0000372.0000220 * 00001-72 * 0000126 * 00000745 243 242 242 -48 -