-1 -MICHIGAN MEMORIAL - PHOENIX PROJECT The Ford Nuclear Reactor and Phoenix Memorial Laboratory are operated by the Michigan Memorial - Phoenix Project of the University of Michigan. The Project, established in 1949 as a memorial to students and alumni of the University who died in World War II, encourages and supports research on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and its social implications. These laboratories, together with a faculty research grant program, are the means by which the Project carries out its purposes. The primary purpose of the reactor and radiation laboratory is to provide University faculty with the special facilities needed for nuclear energy research and teaching. In addition, the facilities and services of the laboratories are available for use by other schools, industry, electric utilities, and by hospitals. FACILITY LOCATION AND HOURS The Ford Nuclear Reactor and Phoenix Memorial Laboratory are contiguous buildings located on the University of Michigan North Campus. Located in Ann Arbor, the University is in the heart of the mostdensely populated portion of the United States stretching from the East Coast to the Midwest. Ann Arbor is at the intersection of interstates 94 and 23, close to the Detroit Metropolitan Airport which has regular connecting flights to all major cities. Normal facility hours for visitors and tours are weekdays from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM. The facility is open 24 hours for researchers. Michigan Memorial -Phoenix Project Ford Nuclear Reactor Phoenix Memorial Laboratory 2301 Bonisteel Boulevard North Campus University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Director, Michigan Memorial - William Kerr (313) 764-6213 Phoenix Project Reactor Manager Reed R. Burn 764-6223 Assistant Reactor Manager Gary M. Cook 764-6223 Radiation Laboratory Manager John D. Jones 764-6220 Administrative Assistant Donna M. Zeeb 764-6223 Tours Receptionist 764-6220

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-4 -FORD NUCLEAR REACTOR The reactor operates on a fixed cycle at its licensed power level of two megawatts. The cycle consists of ten days at full power followed by four days of shutdown maintenance. A typical week consists of 120 full power operating hours. Reactor operation at two megawatts produces a peak thermal flux of approximately 3 x 1013 n/cm2/sec. A typical core configuration consists of 35-40, 93 percent enrichment, plate-type fuel elements. Standard elements contain 140 grams of U-235 in 18 aluminum-clad fuel plates. Control elements, which have control rod guide channels, have nine plates and contain 70 grams of U-235. Overall fuel element dimensions are approximately 3 inches by 3 inches by 26 inches long. Standard fuel elements are retired after burnup levels of approximately 17 percent are reached. Control elements are retired after burnup levels of approximately 35 percent. Fuel burnup rate is approximately 2.46 gm/day at two megawatts. Under a two megawatt operating schedule, 18 fuel elements are required for one year of operation. Power Level Licensed full power 2 MW Volumetric power density 333 KW/ft (11.8 KW/1) Linear power density 1.54 KW/ft (5.06 KW/m) Specific power 202 KW/lb (444 KW/Kg) U235 Core Element configuration 35-40 elements in a 6 x 8 lattice Mimimum critical mass 2,540 gm U235 Typical operating core 4,200 gm U235 Fuel Element Description 18 curved, fueled plates (5.5 in (14.0 cm) radius containing a total of 0.31 lb. (140 gm) U235. 2.94 in (7.47 cm) x 3.25 in (8.26 cml x 34.4 in (87.38 cm) lonq Average fission density 5.0 x 10 1 fissions/in3 (3.05 x 10 fissions/cc) Peak fission density 1.0 x 1022 fissions/in3 (6.1 x 1020 fissions/cc) Maximum allowed fission 2.5 x 1022 fissions/in3 (1.5 x 1021 density fissions/cc)

-5 -Control 3 shim safety rods.075 AK/K total 1 control rod.003 AK/K Neutron Flux Steady state peak thermal 3.0 x 1013 n/cm2/sec Steady state average thermal 2.0 x 1013 n/cm2/sec Steady state peak fast 1.5 x 1013 n/cm2/sec Steady state average fast 1.0 x 1013 n/cm2/sec Experiment Reactivity Limits Moveable experiments.0001 AK/K Unsecured (subcritical to.002 AK/K load and unload) Secured.012 AK/K Total in core.012 AK/K Reactivity Coefficients -5 -5 Temperature -5.5 x 104 AK/K/F(-9.9 x 105 AK/K/C) Void -1.0 x 10 AK/K/in3 (-6.4 x 10-6AK/K/cc)

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-7 -NEUTRON IRRADIATION SERVICES The Ford Nuclear Reactor provides three methods of neutron irradiation: in-core, pneumatic tubes, and beamports. (D ^^\ nU\YIWAHAV W AM TAW o Q o oo <12 In-Core H Ir radi ao SSR - SHIM SAFETY ROD CR - CONT RO ROD \ /~R: - REACTOR INSTRUMENTATION '_.l~ -WTEI.....-' In-Core Irradiations at the center of the core is approximately 3 x 1013 n/cm2/ec and at the edge of the core is approximately.1 x 1013 n/cm /sec. Sample irradiations can be conducted for periods as short as a few minutes and for as long as a year or more. Pneumatic Tubes Four horizontal and two vertical pneumatic tubes can be used to irradiate small targets for up to two hours. Minimum irradiation time is one second. The thermal neu ron flux in thl pneumatic tubes ranges from 2 x 1012 n/cm /sec to 4 x 1012 n/cm2/sec. Targets up to 15/16 inch in diameter and 2 inches long can be Ten horizontal beamports can be utilized for long term irradiations and neutron beam extraction experiments such as neutron reactor pool wall and terminate at a heavy water tank adjacent to reactor pool wall and terminate at a heavy water tank adjacent to

8- T[HE UNIVIF; one face of the core. The heavy water tank provides a cadmium ratio of approximately 11. Thermal neutron flux from the beamports varies between 1 x 106 n/cm2/sec and 1 x 107 n/cm2/sec. NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS The highly sensitive analytical technique of neutron activation analysis is available as a service performed by the laboratory staff or to be performed directly by researchers using the laboratory's facilities. Neutron activation analysis is a method of identifying and measuring minute quantities of certain trace elements in many types of materials. Approximately 39 common elements become radioactive when exposed to the neutron flux in the reactor. The subsequent radiation produced by the decay of the activated nuclei is characteristic for each element and permits identification. The technique is particularly useful for analyzing environmental samples and to analyze industrial samples for maintaining quality control. The sensitivity, accuracy, variety of types of materials that can be analyzed, large number of elements that can be detected, and essentially non-destructive nature of the technique make neutron activation analysis an excellent analytical tool. ISOTOPE PREPARATION AND RADIOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION Preparation of and custom labeling with radioisotopes is available for medical and industrial research. Five radioisotopes and radiolabelled chemicals are routinely produced by the laboratory. Elemental bromine-82 is produced for pharmacological research. Bromine-82 labeled motor oil is prepared for use in research programs to help improve engine oil economy. Fluorine-18 in saline solution is used for tumor localization studies in bone. NP-59, an iodine based investigational drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration, is produced in large quantities for use in the diagnosis of adrenal gland diseases. Nearly 100 hospitals in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, and Scotland receive regular shipments of NP-59 from the facility. Sodium-24 is supplied by the laboratory to the University's Physiology Department for brain capillary permeability studies. GAMMA IRRADIATION SERVICES A cobalt-60 source of approximately 10,000 curies is available for gamma irradiations. Typical applications include sterilization of bones and cartilage for human grafts, sterilization of animal food for germ-free animal colonies, radiation pasturization of food, studies of radiation effects on chemical systems, electronic components, biological material, animal populations, and crystals, and irradiation of seeds and plants to change growth and develop mutants. The peak dose rate in the center well of the cobalt-60 source is approximately 1 x 106 rad/hour.

-9 -Fixed Annemle e o,,^Q, ~ )ll~Re_ c ^^HWMv eer Top Cmer Overflow Lne waenh r Moke-up e j Onixeir Line mal/ar l Platfor mf radiography is a technique similar to X-ray radiography except41 it P JYh'' Gamma irradiations can also be performed in the reactor spent thafuel storage racks wehe peak dose rate ias approximately n X 105 rand/hour. e fopuel storage racks are particularly useful for irradiating large objects. NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY aNeutron radiography services are available to researchers who wish to pursue problems in non-destructive testing. Neutron radiography is a technique similar to neutX-ray radiography except that neutrons, unlike X-rays, interact with atomic nuclei rather than outer electrons. Whereas dense materials such as lead, iron and uranium are opaque to X-rays, they are easily penetrated and examined with neutrons. Neutron radiography also reverses to an extent the relative order of imaging possibilities. For example, details of plastics, oil, water, and fractures or voids inside heavy ma terials can be determined wi th good reasolution. A three inch diameter facility with a lenth to diameter ratio of 300 provides extremely fine resolution of small objects. A larger facility associated with a beamport can produce full eight by ten

-10 -inch radiographs with excellent resolution. The facility has a length to diameter ratio of 50 and neutron intensity variations of not more than ten percent over the exposed film. RADIATION, CHEMICAL, AND MECHANICAL TESTING SERVICES Complete materials testing programs can be conducted at the laboratory. Neutron and gamma radiation damage studies can be performed in the reactor core, in spent fuel storage, and in the cobalt-60 source. Neutron attenuation tests through shielding materials are performed utilizing beamport spectrometers and neutron radiography. Gamma attenuation tests are performed with small, well collimated gamma sources. Mechanical and chemical tests include tensile strength, cantilever flexure, dimensional stability, weight changes, specific gravity, hardness, and gas evolution and analysis. TRAINING PROGRAMS Training programs are offered in neutron activation analysis and reactor operations and instrumentation. One and two week reactor operator and instrument technician training sessions have been developed for electric utility companies. These sessions are combinations of lectures, problem sessions, reactor experiments, and operational training. Lectures are presented to familiarize trainees with the Ford Nuclear Reactor facility, process systems, and nuclear instrumentation and control systems. Additional lectures provide background for experiments, reactor operations, and maintenance sessions. The heart of the lecture series is designed to provide the operators with essential background information in reactor physics and kinetics, reactor fuel and core parameters and operating characteristics, reactor operations, nuclear instrumentation and control, health physics, and radiation shielding. Emphasis is placed upon experiments and reactor operations that illustrate reactor operating principles and provide the trainees with maximum hands-on experience. In addition to performing reactor startups and shutdowns, trainees perform sub-critical multiplication, control rod calibration, power level determination, negative temperature coefficient measurement, power defect measurement, reactor flux profile, radiation shielding, and radioactive contamination detection and cleanup experiments. These experiments utilize operating equipment and instruments which are unique to reactor operation. Maintenance training is geared toward operations with which reactor operators must be familiar or which pose special hazards such as exposure to radiation. Maintenance sessions include startup reactivity checks, rod release and drop time measurement, detector and instrument channel checks, and demineralizer operation and recharge.

-11 -LABORATORIES Chemistry and Physics Laboratories The facility offers eight chemistry and two physics laboratories. In addition to standard equipment such as air, gas, vacuum, and water lines, the laboratories are equipped with radioactive drains to retention tanks, hoods that exhaust through absolute particulate filters, and utility supplies for portable glove boxes. Two of the laboratories have walk in hoods and four have pneumatic tube stations from which samples can be sent to the face of the reactor core for irradiation. Special Laboratories The facility offers a variety of specially equipped laboratories including a greenhouse, organic synthesis laboratories, an X-ray room and a photographic darkroom. Services are available from machine and electronics shops. RADIOACTIVITY HANDLING AND STORAGE Hot Caves The laboratory has two hot caves for remote handling, examination, and limited machining of radioactive materials. Source strengths of up to 10,000 curies cobalt-60 equivalent can be handled with ease. One hot cave is connected to the reactor pool by a waterlock system that allows the transfer of irradiated material from the pool to the hot cave. Each cave is equipped with masterslave manipulators, a remotely operated hoist, and ports for service connections. Storage Wall ports are available in the reactor building and in the laboratory for storage of highly radioactive materials. CHARGE SCHEDULE The facility operates under a fixed rate charge schedule for irradiations, analytical services, and use of facilities.

-12 -MICHIGAN MEMORIAL-PHOENIX PROJECT Phoenix Memorial Laboratory and Ford Nuclear Reactor July 1, 1980 - June 30, 1981 CHARGE SCHEDULE Charge Rate University/ Commercial/ Service Provided Unit of Service Federal Industrial 3taff Assistance A. Administrative Man-Hour $33.12 $33.81 B. Reactor Technical Man-Hour 16.67 17.02 C. Radiation Laboratory Technical Man-Hour 13.59 13.87 D. Machine Shop Man-Hour 17.22 17.58 E. Electronics Shop Man-Hour 17.33 17.70 Reactor A. Exclusive Use Reactor-Hour $91.04 $144.70 B. Neutron Irradiations at 2 MW 1. South Core Face Exclusive Use Experiment-Hour 45.52 72.35 2. Pneumatic Tube Tube-Hour 18.75 29.80 3. In-pool Sample Sample-Hour 18.75 29.80 4. Sample Stringer Sample Sample-Hour 14.20 22.58 5. Beam Port Experiment-Hour 10.92 18.11 C. Gamma Irradiation in Spent Fuel Megarad-Liter 4.51 4.61 Radiation Laboratory A. Cobalt-60 Irradiations Megarad-Liter 4.51 4.61 B. Hot Cave Cave-Hour 37.53 38.32 Laboratory and Reactor Space A. Support Charges Ft- Year 30.54 31.18 Radioactive Storage A. Wall Port Port-Day 1.91 1.96 Radioactive Waste Disposal A. Packaging Material, Shipment, 55 Gal. Drum 100.00 100.00 and Burial Ground Fee NOTES: 1. Special materials for experiments, packing and shipping will be charged at actual cost. 2. Minimum charge for services in any month, $40.00. 3. All charges computed to the nearest 1/4 hour above actual service period. 4. For In Pool Samples, Sample Stringer Samples, and Beam Port usage, the rate will be 50% of above rates for 11-100 hours of continuous irradiation or usage and 25% of above rates for 101 or more hours of continuous irradiation or usage.

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