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- Creator:
- Castro, Santiago, Azab, Mahmoud, Stroud, Jonathan C., Noujaim, Cristina, Wang, Ruoyao, Deng, Jia, and Mihalcea, Rada
- Description:
- We introduce LifeQA, a benchmark dataset for video question answering focusing on daily real-life situations. Current video question-answering datasets consist of movies and TV shows. However, it is well-known that these visual domains do not represent our day-to-day lives. Movies and TV shows, for example, benefit from professional camera movements, clean editing, crisp audio recordings, and scripted dialog between professional actors. While these domains provide a large amount of data for training models, their properties make them unsuitable for testing real-life question-answering systems. Our dataset, by contrast, consists of video clips that represent only real-life scenarios. We collect 275 such video clips and over 2.3k multiple-choice questions. In this paper, we analyze the challenging but realistic aspects of LifeQA and apply several state-of-the-art video question-answering models to provide benchmarks for future research. For more information, refer to https://lit.eecs.umich.edu/lifeqa/.
- Citation to related publication:
- Castro, S., Azab, M., Stroud, J., Noujaim, C., Wang, R., Deng, J., & Mihalcea, R. (2020, May). LifeQA: A real-life dataset for video question answering. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (pp. 4352-4358). https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.536/
- Discipline:
- Science
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- Creator:
- Colón-Rodríguez, Stephanie, Liemohn, Michael, Raines, Jim, and Lapri, Susan T.
- Description:
- During its trajectory, Wind spent a significant amount of time in the magnetotail, where its SupraThermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (STICS) measured the mass and mass per charge of protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions with an energy/charge ratio up to 226 keV/e. Although STICS originally aimed to measure the abundance of these ion species in the solar wind, its measurements within the magnetosphere from 1995 to 2002 help us identify preferential entry between the different solar wind ion species. This study statistically analyzes how the ratio between solar wind heavy ions and alpha particles (Heavies Solar Wind / He2+) varies for different upstream conditions and locations within the magnetosphere: northward vs. southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF), low vs. high solar wind density (Nsw), low vs. high solar wind dynamic pressure (PDyn), slow vs. fast solar wind (Vsw), and dawn vs. dusk. Our results indicate that the HeaviesSolar Wind enter the magnetosphere more efficiently than He2+ during northward IMF and that the Heavies Solar Wind / He2+ ratios decrease during high PDyn. In addition, the Heavies Solar Wind / He2+ ratios exhibit a dawn-dusk asymmetry, highly skewed towards the dawn side for all upstream cases likely due to charge-exchange processes.
- Keyword:
- Magnetosphere, Wind STICS, Solar wind heavy ions, Alpha particles, dawn-dusk asymmetry
- Citation to related publication:
- Colón-Rodríguez, S., Liemohn, M. W., & Raines, J. M (2024). Solar wind heavy ions and alpha particles within Earth’s magnetosphere and their variability with upstream conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics. In preparation.
- Discipline:
- Science
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Supporting data: Domain-agnostic predictions of nanoscale interactions in proteins and nanoparticles
- Creator:
- Saldinger, Jacob, Raymond, Matt, Elvati, Paolo, and Violi, Angela
- Description:
- The accurate and rapid prediction of generic nanoscale interactions is a challenging problem with broad applications. Much of biology functions at the nanoscale, and our ability to manipulate materials and purposefully engage biological machinery requires knowledge of nano-bio interfaces. While several protein-protein interaction models are available, they leverage protein-specific information, limiting their abstraction to other structures. Here, we present NeCLAS, a general, and rapid machine learning pipeline that predicts the location of nanoscale interactions, providing human-intelligible predictions. Two key aspects distinguish NeCLAS: coarse-grained representations, and the use of environmental features to encode the chemical neighborhood. We showcase NeCLAS with challenges for protein-protein, protein-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-nanoparticle systems, demonstrating that NeCLAS replicates computationally- and experimentally-observed interactions. NeCLAS outperforms current nanoscale prediction models, and it shows cross-domain validity, qualifying as a tool for basic research, rapid prototyping, and design of nanostructures., Software: - To reproduce all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) NAMD is required (version 2.14 or later is suggested). NAMD software and documentation can be found at https://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namd/, - To reproduce coarse-grained MD simulations, LAMMPS (version 29 Sep 2021 - Update 2 or later is suggested). LAMMPS software and documentation can be found at https://www.lammps.org, - To rebuild free energy profiles, the PLUMED plugin (version 2.6) was used. PLUMED software and documentation can be found at https://www.plumed.org/ , and - To generate force matching potentials, the was used the OpenMSCG software was used. OpenMSCG software and documentation can be found at https://software.rcc.uchicago.edu/mscg/
- Keyword:
- Neural Networks, Proteins, Dimensionality Reduction, Nanoparticles, and Coarse-Graining
- Citation to related publication:
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503361v2
- Discipline:
- Science
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- Creator:
- Velez Rosado, Kevin I.
- Description:
- This collection includes computed tomography (CT) scans of cranial and post-cranial remains of Dolichochampsa minima (Crocodylia) from the Cretaceous of Bolivia. The specimen was collected by the auspice of Princeton University. The specimen is currently housed at the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Bolivia, Crocodylia, Cretaceous
- Citation to related publication:
- Kevin I. Vélez-Rosado, Olga I. Zalles-Grebetskaya, Jeffrey A. Wilson Mantilla, Blaire Schoene, Adam Maloof, and Bolton, Howes. 2025. New material of Dolichochampsa minima (Archosauria: Crocodylia) from the Cretaceous–Paleogene El Molino Formation of Bolivia sheds light on the early evolution of Gavialinae. Unpublished manuscript.
- Discipline:
- Science
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- Creator:
- Best, T. Kevin, Seelhoff, C. Andrew, Wensman, Jeffrey, and Gregg, Robert D.
- Description:
- The dataset was collected to assess the clinical benefits of the latest generation Össur Power Knee with and without phase-based control compared to traditional passive microprocessor-controlled knees. The study included seven above-knee amputee participants and examined performance across a series of sit/stand and walking experiments. Data captured includes event logs, processed inverse kinematics and dynamics data, scaled OpenSim skeletons for each session, and raw motion capture and force plate data for various test conditions (HKIC, OSSR, PRES). All data is text-based and can be viewed in any compatible text editor. Data can be visualized in OpenSim. The dataset is organized by subject and test condition. Each folder includes a scaled subject OpenSim skeleton (*_skeleton.osim), a marker file for a range of motion trial (*_range_of_motion.trc), and three test folders each containing: Event Logs (*.event_log.csv): Time-stamped records of experimental events. Inverse Kinematics Data (*_IK.mot): Joint angle trajectories. Inverse Dynamics Data (*_ID.mot): Joint moment trajectories. Raw Marker Data (*_markers.csv): 3D coordinates of motion capture markers. Ground Reaction Force Data (*_GRF.mot): Force plate measurements of ground reactions during movement tasks.
- Keyword:
- Robotic Prostheses, Transfemoral Amputees, and Prosthesis Control
- Citation to related publication:
- T. Kevin Best, C. Andrew Seelhoff, Jeffrey Wensman, Robert D. Gregg, "The Össur Power Knee with Phase-Based Control Provides Clinical Benefits over Passive Microprocessor Knees," Submitted to the Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2025.
- Discipline:
- Engineering and Health Sciences
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- Creator:
- Lydick, Nathanial and Deng, Hui
- Description:
- The included python scripts and Jupyter notebook generate and analyze the data.
- Keyword:
- Molecular Polariton, Dimensional Dependence, Tavis-Cummings Model, Strong Coupling, and Disorder
- Citation to related publication:
- N. Lydick, J. Hu, and H. Deng, "Dimensional dependence of a molecular-polariton mode number," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 41, C247-C253 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.524026
- Discipline:
- Science
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- Creator:
- Dorman, Cole J
- Description:
- CHIME provides accurate measurements while enabling inter-spacecraft calibration in constellation missions, offering a significantly more affordable alternative to traditional magnetometers without compromising measurement quality. The development of CHIME is motivated by the high number of magnetometers needed in spacecraft constellations that require a cost-effective commercial solution, as traditional, precise magnetometers are expensive and require complex ground and on-orbit calibration methods that depend on geomagnetic models or special conditions. CHIME Accuracy Calibration: - Various PNI RM3100s were used for data collection, each specified when used and how - Ground CHIME was used for experiments (50 turns per axis, hand wound) - Bartington HC1 500 mm Helmholtz coil was used for calibration baseline experiments. - Python 3.7+ Coil Homogeneity Simulations: - Python 3.7+ Optimal Calibration Pulse Parameters: - Python 3.7+ - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 50 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_HR ( https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int). - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 1 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_LR. CHIME Calibration Accuracy Across Orbital Environments: - Python 3.7+ - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 50 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_HR ( https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int). Comparison Simulations of Single Sensor Attitude Indepedent Calibration Methods: - Python 3.7+ - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 50 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_HR ( https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int). Definitions: CHIME- protagonist of the dataset and accompanying manuscript, the self-calibrating magnetometer Scale Factor (SF), Non-Orthogonality (NO)- forms of magnetic sensor error PNI RM3100- internal magnetic sensor in CHIME Bartington HC1 Coil- calibration tool for the RM3100 and CHIME, a Helmholtz coil itself. ESA - European Space Agency
- Keyword:
- magnetometer, calibration, Helmholtz, spacecraft, and remote sensing
- Citation to related publication:
- Dorman, C.J., Vata, J., Ojeda, L. V., Moldwin, M.B., The CHIME Magnetometer: A Self-Calibrating Approach for Enhanced Accuracy in Spaceborne Applications, Forthcoming.
- Discipline:
- Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Nicholas, Benjamin and López-Fernández, Hernán
- Description:
- Understanding how continental assemblages have diversified can be difficult as they are products of extinction, biogeographic rearrangements, and changing environments over millions of years. Much of our knowledge of adaptive radiations stems from relatively recent, insular-like systems. However, increasing evidence supports the idea that adaptive radiations have a major role in hyper diverse continental radiations like Neotropical cichlids. This primarily riverine group has undergone adaptive diversification in many into ecologically, morphologically, and behaviorally complex lineages. Surprisingly, the macroevolutionary patterns of the entire pharyngeal jaw is relatively understudied in Neotropical cichlids. In this study we use µCT scans to characterize the entire pharyngeal system across Neotropical cichlids to test for signatures of adaptive radiation. We describe the morphological diversity of the upper and lower pharyngeal jaw, fit models of evolutionary divergence, and measure morphological disparity through time and among clades. Until now, studies of various axes of diversification in Cichlinae found a congruent signals an early bursts of divergence in multiple trait dimensions, however we find no evidence of an early burst in the pharyngeal jaws. We find evidence of highly specialized pharyngeal jaws establishing early in the continental radiation and also evidence of recent morphological divergence in the three major tribes of Cichlinae. Our results further highlight the necessity to study adaptively radiating lineages in multiple trait dimensions as some axes of diversification may be overlooked. and This dataset contains landmarked files of 204 landmarks for 95 species (one specimen per species) of Neotropical cichlids. Files are named "Genus_species.mrk.json". Landmark files can be read with the programming language R with the scripts found in the supplemental files of the cited paper, Nicholas and López-Fernandez 2024.
- Keyword:
- Landmarks, Cichlid, Pharyngeal Jaw, and Neotropics
- Citation to related publication:
- Benjamin Nicholas, Hernán López-Fernández, Analysis of the whole pharyngeal jaw adds nuance to the continental radiation of Neotropical cichlids, Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2024, kzae038, https://doi.org/10.1093/evolinnean/kzae038
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Shanehsazzadeh, Faezeh, DeLancey, John, and Ashton-Miller, James
- Description:
- Urinary incontinence affects many women, yet there are no monitoring devices capable of accurately capturing flow dynamics during everyday activities. Building on our initial development of a wearable personal uroflowmeter, this study enhances the device's performance under realistic, dynamic conditions similar to those encountered in daily living. We integrated an optimized 8-vane Etoile flow conditioner with a 0.2D opening into the device. Both computational fluid dynamics simulations and experimental tests demonstrated that this flow conditioner significantly reduced turbulence intensity by 82% and stabilized the axial velocity profile by 67%, increasing the R² of flow rate measurements from 0.44 to 0.92. Furthermore, our machine learning frame-work—utilizing Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models with Principal Component Analysis (PCA)—accurately predicted the true flow rate with high correlations and robust performance with minimal overfitting. For the test dataset, the SVM achieved a correlation of 0.86, an R² of 0.74, and an MAE of 2.8, whereas the XGBoost-PCA model exhibited slightly stronger performance, with a correlation of 0.88, an R² of 0.76, and an MAE of 2.6. These advances established a solid foundation for developing a reliable, wearable uroflowmeter capable of effectively monitoring urinary incontinence in real-world settings.
- Keyword:
- Uroflowmeter; Urinary Incontinence; Wearable Device; Dynamic Flow Conditions; Flow Conditioner; Machine Learning; Extreme Gradient Boosting; Support Vector Ma-chines;
- Discipline:
- Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Soni, Shirsh Lata and Akhavan-Tafti, Mojtaba
- Description:
- The Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment (SunRISE) Ground Radio Lab (GRL) is a Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) project aiming to engage and train the next generations of scholars. To achieve this, the project 1) recruited students to participate in the design, development, and testing of a simple antenna kit that were sent to high schools nationwide free of charge, 2) prepared online, self-paced training modules to educate students on topics including radio astronomy and space weather, and 3) recruited high schools to host antenna installations, participate in regular data collection and analysis campaigns, and engage in monthly webinars and Q&A sessions with space industry experts. and For more information about SunRISE GRL, visit https://sunrise.umich.edu/
- Keyword:
- Solar Radio Bursts, SunRISE Ground Radio Lab (GRL), and Dual Dipole Antenna
- Citation to related publication:
- Mojtaba Akhavan-Tafti, Shirsh Soni, Charles Higgins, et al. SunRISE Ground Radio Lab. Authorea. September 26, 2024. Preprint. 10.22541/au.172737940.04250524/v1
- Discipline:
- Science