Earth’s upper atmosphere above 500 km altitude constantly loses charged particles to outer space in a process called ionospheric outflow. This outflow is important for the dynamics of the near-Earth space environment (“space weather”) yet is poorly understood on a global scale. A mission is needed to observe the global patterns of ionospheric outflow and its relation to space weather driving conditions. The science objectives of such a mission could include not only the reconstruction of global outflow patterns but also the relation of these patterns to geomagnetic activity and the spatial and temporal nature of outflow composition. A study is presented to show that four well-placed spacecraft would be sufficient for reasonable outflow reconstructions.
Liemohn, M. W., Jörg-Micha Jahn, Raluca Ilie, Natalia Y. Ganushkina, Daniel T. Welling, Heather Elliott, Meghan Burleigh, Kaitlin Doublestein, Stephanie Colon-Rodriguez, Pauline Dredger, & Philip Valek (2024). Reconstruction analysis of global ionospheric outflow patterns. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 129, e2023JA032238. https://doi/org/10.1029/2024JA032238
These files (.tiff format) provide high-resolution images of a fossil specimen complementing the formal description of the osteoglossid fish †Macroprosopon hiltoni from the Eocene (Ypresian) of Morocco.
We conducted a mixed-methods study to understand how financial incentive programs impact transitions to cover cropping in Michigan. Michigan farms span a wide range of soil types, climate conditions, and cropping systems that create opportunities for cover crop adoption in the state. We tested the relationship between Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) payments for cover crops and cover crop adoption between 2008-2019, as measured by remote sensing. Panel fixed effects regressions showed that EQIP increased winter cover crop presence. Every EQIP dollar for cover crops was associated with a 0.01 hectare increase in winter cover, while each hectare enrolled in an EQIP contract for cover crops was associated with a 0.86 – 0.93 hectare increase in winter cover.
Surdoval, A., Jain, M., Blair, E., Wang, H., and J. Blesh. In press. Financial incentive programs and farm diversification with cover crops: Assessing opportunities and challenges.
Reconstructed CT slices for Snout region of Macroprosopon (catalog number FSAC CP 330; FSAC = Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Casablanca, Morocco) as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset. The reconstructed slice data from the scan are offered here as a series of unsigned 16-bit integer TIFF images. The upper left corner of the first image (*_0000.tif) is the XYZ origin.
Specimen FSAC CP 330_Macroprosopon_Occipital region was scanned with a Nikon XT H 225ST uCT system housed in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Michigan. Scans were collected with the following settings: energy settings, 215 kV, 115 uA; source to object distance, 353.463794708252 mm; source to detector distance, 1104.999 mm; scanned with 3141 projections; voxel size, x = 0.0639753837488959 mm y = 0.0639753837488959 mm z = 0.0639753837488959 mm; slice dimension (in pixels), x = 1222, y = 2000; number of slices, 2000 16-bit TIFF images. Original floating point grey values were scaled to span the unsigned 16-bit integer range using an offset of 4151.70947265625 and a scale factor of 4.802938109992684, where 16output = SCALE * (32input + OFFSET). Additional metadata can be found in the xtekct, ctprofile.xml, and UMMPCombinedMetadata.json files.
Reconstructed CT slices for skull of Petrocephalus simus (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology catalog number UMMZ Fish 200167) as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset. The reconstructed slice data from the scan are offered here as a series of unsigned 16-bit integer TIFF images. The upper left corner of the first image (*_0000.tif) is the XYZ origin.
Reconstructed CT slices for skull of Pantodon buchholzi (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology catalog number UMMZ Fish 249782) as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset. The reconstructed slice data from the scan are offered here as a series of unsigned 16-bit integer TIFF images. The upper left corner of the first image (*_0000.tif) is the XYZ origin.
Reconstructed CT slices for skull of Hiodon tergisus (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology catalog number UMMZ Fish 247425) as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset. The reconstructed slice data from the scan are offered here as a series of unsigned 16-bit integer TIFF images. The upper left corner of the first image (*_0000.tif) is the XYZ origin.
Reconstructed CT slices for skull of Heterotis niloticus (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology catalog number UMMZ Fish 195004) as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset. The reconstructed slice data from the scan are offered here as a series of unsigned 16-bit integer TIFF images. The upper left corner of the first image (*_0000.tif) is the XYZ origin.
Reconstructed CT slices for skull of Chitala blanci (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology catalog number UMMZ Fish 232272) as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset. The reconstructed slice data from the scan are offered here as a series of unsigned 16-bit integer TIFF images. The upper left corner of the first image (*_0000.tif) is the XYZ origin.