Work Description

Title: The CHIME Magnetometer: A Self-Calibrating Approach for Enhanced Accuracy in Spaceborne Applications, Simulation and Experimental Data Analysis Open Access Deposited

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Methodology
  • Coiled Helmholtz Inductive Magnetometer Ensemble (CHIME) Accuracy Calibration: 1) Scale Factor (SF) and Non-Orthogonality (NO) Calibration: SF and NO values were first calibrated using a Bartington HC1 Helmholtz Coil, then the CHIME coil. The difference between the values is taken as the error of the CHIME coil. 2) Resolution: Data was collected by a PNI RM3100 in a magnetic shield can and is characterized by the root mean square noise of each axis. 3) Noise Floor: Data was collected by a PNI RM3100 in a magnetic shield can and is characterized by the noise density at 1 Hz. Coil Homogeneity Simulations: CHIME's Helmholtz coil is modeled using Magpylib's Bio-Savart simulation framework to find the resultant magnetic field at various points in space. Optimal Pulse Parameters: Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to evaluate CHIME calibration accuracy across a range of signal parameters (frequency and amplitude) for both 50 Hz and 1 Hz orbital data. CHIME Calibration Accuracy Across Orbital Environments: Monte Carlo simulation results assess CHIME calibration accuracy compared to quiet time in different orbital regions during geomagnetic storm. Comparison Simulations of Single Sensor Attitude Indepedent Calibration Methods: SF and NO comparison between CHIME self-calibration accuracy and the NLLS-ETS method using non-constant magnetic field magnitudes simulations. **Each folder has its own descriptive README with methodology**
Description
  • CHIME provides accurate measurements while enabling inter-spacecraft calibration in constellation missions, offering a significantly more affordable alternative to traditional magnetometers without compromising measurement quality. The development of CHIME is motivated by the high number of magnetometers needed in spacecraft constellations that require a cost-effective commercial solution, as traditional, precise magnetometers are expensive and require complex ground and on-orbit calibration methods that depend on geomagnetic models or special conditions. CHIME Accuracy Calibration: - Various PNI RM3100s were used for data collection, each specified when used and how - Ground CHIME was used for experiments (50 turns per axis, hand wound) - Bartington HC1 500 mm Helmholtz coil was used for calibration baseline experiments. - Python 3.7+ Coil Homogeneity Simulations: - Python 3.7+ Optimal Calibration Pulse Parameters: - Python 3.7+ - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 50 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_HR ( https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int). - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 1 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_LR. CHIME Calibration Accuracy Across Orbital Environments: - Python 3.7+ - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 50 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_HR ( https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int). Comparison Simulations of Single Sensor Attitude Indepedent Calibration Methods: - Python 3.7+ - ESA Swarm Simulation Data 50 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_HR ( https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int). Definitions: CHIME- protagonist of the dataset and accompanying manuscript, the self-calibrating magnetometer Scale Factor (SF), Non-Orthogonality (NO)- forms of magnetic sensor error PNI RM3100- internal magnetic sensor in CHIME Bartington HC1 Coil- calibration tool for the RM3100 and CHIME, a Helmholtz coil itself. ESA - European Space Agency

  • Updates: - March 2025: Changes to simulated calibration methodology, completed before publication initial submission or peer-review
Creator
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  • false
Contact information
Discipline
Funding agency
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Keyword
Citations to related material
  • Dorman, C.J., Vata, J., Ojeda, L. V., Moldwin, M.B., The CHIME Magnetometer: A Self-Calibrating Approach for Enhanced Accuracy in Spaceborne Applications, Forthcoming.
Resource type
Last modified
  • 03/18/2025
Published
  • 11/25/2024
Language
DOI
  • https://doi.org/10.7302/prs8-j355
License
To Cite this Work:
Dorman, C. J. (2024). The CHIME Magnetometer: A Self-Calibrating Approach for Enhanced Accuracy in Spaceborne Applications, Simulation and Experimental Data Analysis [Data set], University of Michigan - Deep Blue Data. https://doi.org/10.7302/prs8-j355

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Files (Count: 6; Size: 5.22 GB)

Thumbnailthumbnail-column Title Original Upload Last Modified File Size Access Actions
README.txt 2024-11-22 2025-03-18 2.97 KB Open Access
CHIME_Accuracy_Calibration.zip 2024-11-19 2025-03-18 158 MB Open Access
Coil_Homogenity_Simulations.zip 2024-11-19 2024-11-19 12.5 KB Open Access
CHIME_Calibration_Accuracy_Acros...s.zip 2024-11-19 2025-03-18 549 MB Open Access
Comparison_Simulations_of_Single...s.zip 2024-11-19 2025-03-18 322 MB Open Access
Optimal_Calibration_Pulse_Parameters.zip 2024-11-19 2025-03-18 4.21 GB Open Access

Date: 19 November, 2024

Dataset Title: The CHIME Magnetometer: A Self-Calibrating Approach for Enhanced Accuracy in Spaceborne Applications, Simulation and Experimental Data Analysis

Dataset Creators: Cole J. Dorman (University of Michigan)

Dataset Contact: Cole J. Dorman ([email protected])

Funding:
80NSSC24K0734 (Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology, NASA FINESST)
80NSSC24K0641 (NASA Heliophysics Technology and Instrument Development for Science, HTIDeS)

Key Points:
- CHIME calibration was performed in lab measuring the sensor's scale factor, non-orthogonality, resolution, and noise floor
- CHIME calibration was simulated across orbital environments to find calibration accuracy and comparison to other calibration methods
- CHIME's Helmholtz coils were simulated to find their magnetic field homogeneity across the centered PNI RM3100

Research Overview:
CHIME provides accurate measurements while enabling inter-spacecraft calibration in constellation missions, offering a significantly more affordable alternative to traditional magnetometers without compromising measurement quality. The development of CHIME is motivated by the high number of magnetometers needed in spacecraft constellations that require a cost-effective commercial solution, as traditional, precise magnetometers are expensive and require complex ground and on-orbit calibration methods that depend on geomagnetic models or special conditions.

Methodology:
Each methodology is written in the respective folder's individual README

Instrument and/or Software specifications:
- Various PNI RM3100s were used for data collection, each specified when used and how
- Ground CHIME was used for experiments (50 turns per axis, hand wound)
- Bartington HC1 500 mm Helmholtz coil was used for calibration baseline experiments.
- Python 3.7+
- ESA Swarm Simulation Data 50 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_HR (https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int).
- ESA Swarm Simulation Data 1 Hz: Level 1B MAGx_LR.

Files contained here:
- CHIME Accuracy Calibration folder: this folder contains the sensor's scale factor, non-orthogonality, resolution, and noise floor calculation
- Optimal Calibration Pulse Parameters folder: determines the optimal calibration signal in orbital quiet time, measures the accuracy of the optimal signal
- CHIME Calibration Accuracy Across Orbit Environments folder: determines which orbital regions CHIME calibration performs accurately in.
- Comparison Simulations of Single Sensor Attitude Indepedent Calibration Methods folder: CHIME accuracy comparison against NLLS-ETS.
- Coil Homogeneity Simulations folder: this folder contains simulations of CHIME's Helmholtz coils.

Related publication(s):
Dorman, C.J., Vata, J., Ojeda, L. V., Moldwin, M.B., The CHIME Magnetometer: A Self-Calibrating Approach for Enhanced Accuracy in Spaceborne Applications, Forthcoming.

Use and Access:
This data set is made available under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Updates:
- March 2025: Changes to simulated calibration methodology, completed before publication initial submission or peer-review

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