<1. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26359964 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ashjian E AU - Salamin LB AU - Eschenburg K AU - Kraft S AU - Mackler E FA - Ashjian, Emily FA - Salamin, Louise B FA - Eschenburg, Katie FA - Kraft, Shawna FA - Mackler, Emily TI - Evaluation of outpatient medication reconciliation involving student pharmacists at a comprehensive cancer center. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 55(5):540-5, 2015 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 55(5):540-5, 2015 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Ambulatory Care/ma [Manpower] MH - *Cancer Care Facilities/ma [Manpower] MH - Female MH - Health Services Needs and Demand MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medication Reconciliation MH - Michigan MH - Middle Aged MH - *Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Patient Satisfaction MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Students, Pharmacy AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of discrepancies and medication-related problems found as a result of pharmacy-led medication reconciliation involving introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) students at a comprehensive cancer center. AB - SETTING: Outpatient infusion center of a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) cancer center. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION AND INNOVATION: Third-year IPPE students contacted and completed medication reconciliation for 510 hematology/oncology patients scheduled for infusion center appointments without a coupled provider visit. IPPE students discussed the findings of the medication reconciliations with their pharmacist preceptors, who updated the medication histories in the electronic medical record (EMR) and communicated with prescribers directly about identified medication-related problems. All medication reconciliation was documented using a standardized note template in the EMR. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of medication discrepancies found, including medication additions, medication deletions, dose changes, and herbal product additions; medication-related problems-including drug-drug interactions, untreated indications (e.g., nausea, vomiting, pain, need for prophylactic medications), failure of patients to receive prescribed medications, and adverse drug reactions-were also documented. AB - RESULTS: Medication reconciliation was completed for 510 patients through the student pharmacist/pharmacist preceptor-led intervention during a 1-year period between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2013. A total of 88% of patients had at least one discrepancy identified in their medication history and corrected in the EMR. In addition, 11.4% of patients had a medication-related problem identified. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy-led medication reconciliation identified a large number of discrepancies among our hematology/oncology patients. This intervention allowed for correction of discrepancies in the EMR leading to improved accuracy of patient medication lists. In addition, it provided a valuable learning experience for student pharmacists. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14214 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2015 Sep-Oct DC - 20150912 YR - 2015 ED - 20160331 UP - 20160401 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26359964 <2. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26016832 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Koster ES AU - Philbert D AU - Bouvy ML FA - Koster, Ellen S FA - Philbert, Daphne FA - Bouvy, Marcel L IN - Koster,Ellen S. Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research (UPPER), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Philbert,Daphne. Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research (UPPER), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Bouvy,Marcel L. Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research (UPPER), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Bouvy,Marcel L. SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Leiden, The Netherlands. TI - Health literacy among pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands. SO - Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety. 24(7):716-21, 2015 Jul. AS - Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 24(7):716-21, 2015 Jul. NJ - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d0r, 9208369 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Community Pharmacy Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Comprehension MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Drug Labeling MH - Female MH - Health Literacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Health Literacy MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Netherlands MH - Patient Education as Topic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Patient Education as Topic MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - community pharmacy; drug labels; health literacy; pharmacoepidemiology AB - PURPOSE: Health literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, understand and apply information to make appropriate health decisions. Most health literacy research has been performed in the USA. Our objective was to study the prevalence of limited health literacy among adult pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands and to assess the association between health literacy and understanding of drug label information. AB - METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in community pharmacies belonging to the Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research. Adult pharmacy visitors (aged >18years) were approached in the pharmacy waiting area and invited for a brief interview including the newest vital sign, a validated health literacy assessment measure and questions about understanding of standard drug label instructions. AB - RESULTS: A total of 984 pharmacy visitors were included in the study: 63% were women, mean age was 56years and the majority was of native origin (84%). Based on newest vital sign scores, 52% had limited health literacy skills. Pharmacy visitors with limited health literacy skills had significantly lower understanding of drug label instructions (p<0.001). AB - CONCLUSION: Approximately half of the pharmacy visitors in this study had limited health literacy skills. These individuals experienced more difficulties understanding drug label instructions. These findings emphasize the need to identify patients with limited health literacy skills, as these patients might be at increased risk for drug-related problems caused by misunderstanding of information. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ES - 1099-1557 IL - 1053-8569 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3803 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20150527 DP - 2015 Jul DC - 20150703 YR - 2015 ED - 20160331 UP - 20160401 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26016832 <3. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26015168 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baron EP FA - Baron, Eric P IN - Baron,Eric P. Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. TI - Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It's Been .... [Review] CM - Comment in: Headache. 2015 Jun;55(6):917-8; PMID: 26084242 SO - Headache. 55(6):885-916, 2015 Jun. AS - Headache. 55(6):885-916, 2015 Jun. NJ - Headache PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 2985091r, g1n SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Cannabinoids/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Cannabinoids/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Headache/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Headache/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Headache/me [Metabolism] MH - Humans MH - Medical Marijuana/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Medical Marijuana/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Time Factors KW - CBD; THC; cannabidiol; cannabinoids; cannabis; delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; headache; hemp; medical marijuana AB - BACKGROUND: The use of cannabis, or marijuana, for medicinal purposes is deeply rooted though history, dating back to ancient times. It once held a prominent position in the history of medicine, recommended by many eminent physicians for numerous diseases, particularly headache and migraine. Through the decades, this plant has taken a fascinating journey from a legal and frequently prescribed status to illegal, driven by political and social factors rather than by science. However, with an abundance of growing support for its multitude of medicinal uses, the misguided stigma of cannabis is fading, and there has been a dramatic push for legalizing medicinal cannabis and research. Almost half of the United States has now legalized medicinal cannabis, several states have legalized recreational use, and others have legalized cannabidiol-only use, which is one of many therapeutic cannabinoids extracted from cannabis. Physicians need to be educated on the history, pharmacology, clinical indications, and proper clinical use of cannabis, as patients will inevitably inquire about it for many diseases, including chronic pain and headache disorders for which there is some intriguing supportive evidence. AB - OBJECTIVE: To review the history of medicinal cannabis use, discuss the pharmacology and physiology of the endocannabinoid system and cannabis-derived cannabinoids, perform a comprehensive literature review of the clinical uses of medicinal cannabis and cannabinoids with a focus on migraine and other headache disorders, and outline general clinical practice guidelines. AB - CONCLUSION: The literature suggests that the medicinal use of cannabis may have a therapeutic role for a multitude of diseases, particularly chronic pain disorders including headache. Supporting literature suggests a role for medicinal cannabis and cannabinoids in several types of headache disorders including migraine and cluster headache, although it is primarily limited to case based, anecdotal, or laboratory-based scientific research. Cannabis contains an extensive number of pharmacological and biochemical compounds, of which only a minority are understood, so many potential therapeutic uses likely remain undiscovered. Cannabinoids appear to modulate and interact at many pathways inherent to migraine, triptan mechanisms ofaction, and opiate pathways, suggesting potential synergistic or similar benefits. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system through agonism or antagonism of its receptors, targeting its metabolic pathways, or combining cannabinoids with other analgesics for synergistic effects, may provide the foundation for many new classes of medications. Despite the limited evidence and research suggesting a role for cannabis and cannabinoids in some headache disorders, randomized clinical trials are lacking and necessary for confirmation and further evaluation.Copyright © 2015 American Headache Society. RN - 0 (Cannabinoids) RN - 0 (Medical Marijuana) ES - 1526-4610 IL - 0017-8748 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12570 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20150525 DP - 2015 Jun DC - 20150618 YR - 2015 ED - 20160314 UP - 20160315 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26015168 <4. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26973573 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Jensen C AU - Forlini C AU - Partridge B AU - Hall W FA - Jensen, Charmaine FA - Forlini, Cynthia FA - Partridge, Brad FA - Hall, Wayne IN - Jensen,Charmaine. Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Forlini,Cynthia. University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Partridge,Brad. Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Hall,Wayne. Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Brisbane, QLD, Australia. TI - Australian University Students' Coping Strategies and Use of Pharmaceutical Stimulants as Cognitive Enhancers. SO - Frontiers in Psychology. 7:277, 2016. AS - Front Psychol. 7:277, 2016. NJ - Frontiers in psychology PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101550902 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4771940 CP - Switzerland KW - cognitive enhancement; coping; prescription stimulants; stress; university students AB - BACKGROUND: There are reports that some university students are using prescription stimulants for non-medical 'pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement (PCE)' to improve alertness, focus, memory, and mood in an attempt to manage the demands of study at university. Purported demand for PCEs in academic contexts have been based on incomplete understandings of student motivations, and often based on untested assumptions about the context within which stimulants are used. They may represent attempts to cope with biopsychosocial stressors in university life by offsetting students' inadequate coping responses, which in turn may affect their cognitive performance. This study aimed to identify (a) what strategies students adopted to cope with the stress of university life and, (b) to assess whether students who have used stimulants for PCE exhibit particular stress or coping patterns. AB - METHODS: We interviewed 38 university students (with and without PCE experience) about their experience of managing student life, specifically their: educational values; study habits; achievement; stress management; getting assistance; competing activities and demands; health habits; and cognitive enhancement practices. All interview transcripts were coded into themes and analyzed. AB - RESULTS: Our thematic analysis revealed that, generally, self-rated coping ability decreased as students' self-rated stress level increased. Students used emotion- and problem-focused coping for the most part and adjustment-focused coping to a lesser extent. Avoidance, an emotion-focused coping strategy, was the most common, followed by problem-focused coping strategies, the use of cognition on enhancing substances, and planning and monitoring of workload. PCE users predominantly used avoidant emotion-focused coping strategies until they no longer mitigated the distress of approaching deadlines resulting in the use of prescription stimulants as a substance-based problem-focused coping strategy. AB - CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that students who choose coping responses that do not moderate stress where possible, may cause themselves additional distress and avoid learning more effective coping responses. Helping students to understand stress and coping, and develop realistic stress appraisal techniques, may assist students in general to maintain manageable distress levels and functioning. Furthermore, assisting students who may be inclined to use prescription stimulants for cognitive enhancement may reduce possible drug-related harms. ES - 1664-1078 IL - 1664-1078 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00277 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20160301 DP - 2016 DC - 20160314 YR - 2016 ED - 20160314 RD - 20160316 UP - 20160318 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26973573 <5. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26064931 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hildt E AU - Lieb K AU - Bagusat C AU - Franke AG AI - Hildt, Elisabeth; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-5527, Bagusat, Christiana; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-8013 FA - Hildt, Elisabeth FA - Lieb, Klaus FA - Bagusat, Christiana FA - Franke, Andreas G IN - Hildt,Elisabeth. Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3241 S. Federal Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA ; Department of Philosophy, University of Mainz, Jakob Welder-Weg 18, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Lieb,Klaus. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Untere Zahlbacher Strase 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Bagusat,Christiana. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Untere Zahlbacher Strase 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Franke,Andreas G. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Untere Zahlbacher Strase 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany ; Department of Social Work and Education, University of Neubrandenburg, University of Applied Sciences, Brodaer Strase 2, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany. TI - Reflections on Addiction in Students Using Stimulants for Neuroenhancement: A Preliminary Interview Study. SO - BioMed Research International. 2015:621075, 2015. AS - Biomed Res Int. 2015:621075, 2015. NJ - BioMed research international PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101600173 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4433654 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Amphetamines/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Behavior, Addictive/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - *Behavior, Addictive/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Female MH - Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Methylphenidate/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Students MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Universities AB - The use of stimulants for the purpose of pharmacological neuroenhancement (NE) among students is a subject of increasing public awareness. The risk of addiction development by stimulant use for NE is still unanswered. Therefore, face-to-face interviews were carried out among 18 university students experienced in the nonmedical use of methylphenidate and amphetamines for NE assessing aspects of addiction. Interviews were tape-recorded, verbatim-transcribed, and analyzed using a qualitative approach. The interviews showed that participants--the majority had current or lifetime diagnoses of misuse or addiction to alcohol or cannabis-reported an awareness of the risk of addiction development associated with stimulant use and reported various effects which may increase their likelihood of future stimulant use, for example, euphoric effects, increase of self-confidence, and motivation. They also cited measures to counteract the development of addiction as well as measures taken to normalize again after stimulant use. Students were convinced of having control over their stimulant use and of not becoming addicted to stimulants used for NE. We can conclude that behavior and beliefs of the students in our sample appear to be risky in terms of addiction development. However, long-term empirical research is needed to estimate the true risk of addiction. RN - 0 (Amphetamines) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) ES - 2314-6141 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/621075 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20150503 DP - 2015 DC - 20150611 YR - 2015 ED - 20160310 RD - 20150614 UP - 20160311 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26064931 <6. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26937196 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Zhai XB AU - Gu ZC AU - Liu XY FA - Zhai, Xiao-Bo FA - Gu, Zhi-Chun FA - Liu, Xiao-Yan IN - Zhai,Xiao-Bo. Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Gu,Zhi-Chun. Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Liu,Xiao-Yan. Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. TI - Effectiveness of the clinical pharmacist in reducing mortality in hospitalized cardiac patients: a propensity score-matched analysis. SO - Therapeutics & Clinical Risk Management. 12:241-50, 2016. AS - Ther Clin Risk Manag. 12:241-50, 2016. NJ - Therapeutics and clinical risk management PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101253281 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4762444 CP - New Zealand KW - cardiology ward; clinical pharmacists; drug-related problems; intervention; propensity score matching AB - BACKGROUND: Pharmacist-led medication review services have been assessed in the meta-analyses in hospital. Of the 135 relevant articles located, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria; however, there was no statistically significant difference found between pharmacists' interventions and usual care for mortality (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 0.65, 3.46, P=0.34). These analyses may not have found a statistically significant effect because they did not adequately control the wide variation in the delivery of care and patient selection parameters. Additionally, the investigators did not conduct research on the cases of death specifically and did not identify all possible drug-related problems (DRPs) that could cause or contribute to mortality and then convince physicians to correct. So there will be a condition to use a more precise approach to evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacist interventions on the mortality rates of hospitalized cardiac patients. AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the clinical pharmacist as a direct patient-care team member on the mortality of all patients admitted to the cardiology unit. AB - METHODS: A comparative study was conducted in a cardiology unit of a university-affiliated hospital. The clinical pharmacists did not perform any intervention associated with improper use of medications during Phase I (preintervention) and consulted with the physicians to address the DRPs during Phase II (postintervention). The two phases were compared to evaluate the outcome, and propensity score (PS) matching was applied to enhance the comparability. The primary endpoint of the study was the composite of all-cause mortality during Phase I and Phase II. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists were consulted by the physicians to correct any drug-related issues that they suspected may cause or contribute to a fatal outcome in the cardiology ward. A total of 1,541 interventions were suggested by the clinical pharmacist in the study group; 1,416 (92.0%) of them were accepted by the cardiology team, and violation of incompatibilities had the highest percentage of acceptance by the cardiology team. All-cause mortality was 1.5% during Phase I (preintervention) and was reduced to 0.9% during Phase II (postintervention), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0005). After PS matching, all-cause mortality changed from 1.7% during Phase I down to 1.0% during Phase II, and the difference was also statistically significant (P=0.0074). AB - CONCLUSION: DRPs that were suspected to cause or contribute to a possibly fatal outcome were determined by clinical pharmacist service in patients hospitalized in a cardiology ward. Correction of these DRPs by physicians after pharmacist's advice caused a significant decrease in mortality as analyzed by PS matching. The significant reduction in the mortality rate in this patient population observed in this study is "hypothesis generating" for future randomized studies. IS - 1176-6336 IL - 1176-6336 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S98300 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20160218 DP - 2016 DC - 20160303 YR - 2016 ED - 20160303 RD - 20160307 UP - 20160309 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26937196 <7. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25993228 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bruera E AU - Paice JA FA - Bruera, Eduardo FA - Paice, Judith A IN - Bruera,Eduardo. From the The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL. Paice,Judith A. From the The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL. TI - Cancer pain management: safe and effective use of opioids. [Review] SO - American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. :e593-9, 2015. AS - Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. educ. book. :e593-9, 2015. NJ - American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101233985 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Overdose MH - Humans MH - *Neoplasms/co [Complications] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders MH - Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Pain/et [Etiology] MH - Pain Management/mt [Methods] MH - *Pain Management MH - Prescription Drug Misuse MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Pain remains a serious consequence of cancer and its treatment. Although significant advances have been made in providing effective cancer pain control, barriers persist. Lack of knowledge, limited time, financial restrictions, and diminished availability of necessary medications serve as significant obstacles. Safe and effective opioid use in a patient with cancer requires skill to overcome these challenges. Understanding the mechanism of action, along with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, of opioids will lead to appropriate selection, dosing, and titration of these agents. Rotation from one opioid or route to another is an essential proficiency for oncologists. As opioid-related adverse effects often occur, the oncology team must be expert in preventing and managing constipation, nausea, sedation, and neurotoxicities. An emerging concern is overtreatment-the excessive and prolonged use of opioids in patients when these agents may produce more harm than benefit. This can occur when opioids are used inappropriately to treat comorbid psychologic issues such as anxiety and depression. Recognizing risk factors for overuse along with key components of universal precautions will promote safe use of these medications, supporting adherence and preventing diversion, thereby protecting the patient, the prescriber, and the community. Because substance use disorders are not rare in the oncology setting, attention must be given to the balance of providing analgesia while limiting harm. Caring for patients with substance misuse requires compassionate, multidisciplinary care, with input from supportive oncology/palliative care as well as addiction specialists. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1548-8756 IL - 1548-8748 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/EdBook_AM.2015.35.e593 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2015 DC - 20150521 YR - 2015 ED - 20160225 UP - 20160226 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25993228 <8. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26017536 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Grazzi L AU - Prunesti A AU - Bussone G FA - Grazzi, L FA - Prunesti, A FA - Bussone, G IN - Grazzi,L. Headache Center, C. Besta Neurological Institute and Foundation, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy, grazzi.l@istituto-besta.it. TI - Proposal of a model for multidisciplinary treatment program of chronic migraine with medication overuse: preliminary study. SO - Neurological Sciences. 36 Suppl 1:169-71, 2015 May. AS - Neurol Sci. 36 Suppl 1:169-71, 2015 May. NJ - Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - drb, 100959175 SB - Index Medicus CP - Italy MH - Adult MH - *Analgesics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Chronic Disease MH - Disabled Persons MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Interdisciplinary Studies MH - Middle Aged MH - *Migraine Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Migraine Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Prescription Drug Overuse/cl [Classification] MH - *Prescription Drug Overuse MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - The treatment of patients with chronic migraine associated with medication overuse is challenging in clinical practice; different strategies of treatment have been recently developed, multidisciplinary treatment approaches have been developed in academic headache centers. Education and support of patients are necessary to improve patients' adherence to pharmacological treatments as well as to non-pharmacological therapies. This study reports a clinical experience conducted at our Headache center with a group of female patients, suffering from chronic migraine complicated by medication overuse, treated by a multidisciplinary approach and followed for a period of 1 year after withdrawal. Results confirm the efficacy of a multifaceted treatment to manage this problematic category of patients. RN - 0 (Analgesics) ES - 1590-3478 IL - 1590-1874 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-015-2177-2 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2015 May DC - 20150528 YR - 2015 ED - 20160216 UP - 20160217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26017536 <9. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25428741 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kralikova E AU - Kmetova A AU - Stepankova L AU - Zvolska K AU - Felbrova V AU - Kulovana S AU - Bortlicek Z AU - Blaha M AU - Fraser K FA - Kralikova, E FA - Kmetova, A FA - Stepankova, L FA - Zvolska, K FA - Felbrova, V FA - Kulovana, S FA - Bortlicek, Z FA - Blaha, M FA - Fraser, K IN - Kralikova,E. Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. eva.kralikova@lf1.cuni.cz. TI - Tobacco dependence, the most important cardiovascular risk factor: treatment in the Czech Republic. SO - Physiological Research. 63 Suppl 3:S361-8, 2014. AS - Physiol Res. 63 Suppl 3:S361-8, 2014. NJ - Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - az7, 9112413 SB - Index Medicus CP - Czech Republic MH - Adult MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Cohort Studies MH - Czech Republic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Risk Factors MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/th [Therapy] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Smoking is the most important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Stopping smoking halves the CV risk. Every clinician should provide a brief intervention with smokers. Intensive treatment should be available to those who need it. There are 37 Centers for Tobacco Dependence in the Czech Republic, which offer treatment including a psychobehavioral intervention and pharmacotherapy (varenicline, nicotine, bupropion). Czech physicians, pharmacists and nurses are regularly educated about smoking cessation. We describe the results of intensive treatment offered by our centers. Treatment includes screening (1 h), an intervention (2 h), and follow-up visits during the next 12 months. Among 3532 patients, 34.3 % had CO-validated abstinence at 12-months (including 489 patients who attended the screening visit + only the 12-month follow up visit). Among patients who underwent the intervention, the abstinence rate was 38.2 %. The majority of patients who underwent the intervention (N=2470) used some form of pharmacotherapy. After one year, the abstinence rate was 43.4 %, compared to 15.9 % (N=573) without pharmacotherapy. Only 28 % of patients came on the recommendation of a physician. Despite the decrease in CV risk following smoking cessation and the effectiveness of treatment, centers are underutilized. ES - 1802-9973 IL - 0862-8408 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2014 DC - 20141127 YR - 2014 ED - 20160204 UP - 20160205 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25428741 <10. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26180220 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Brunette MF AU - Dzebisashvili N AU - Xie H AU - Akerman S AU - Ferron JC AU - Bartels S FA - Brunette, Mary F FA - Dzebisashvili, Nino FA - Xie, Haiyi FA - Akerman, Sarah FA - Ferron, Joelle C FA - Bartels, Stephen IN - Brunette,Mary F. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Behavioral Health, Concord, NH Mary.f.brunette@dartmouth.edu. Dzebisashvili,Nino. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Xie,Haiyi. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Akerman,Sarah. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Ferron,Joelle C. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Bartels,Stephen. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; TI - Expanding Cessation Pharmacotherapy Via Videoconference Educational Outreach to Prescribers. SO - Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 17(8):960-7, 2015 Aug. AS - Nicotine Tob Res. 17(8):960-7, 2015 Aug. NJ - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - drz, 9815751 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4580544 [Available on 08/01/16] SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Community Mental Health Services/mt [Methods] MH - Community Mental Health Services/td [Trends] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medicaid/td [Trends] MH - Mental Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Mental Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Prescriptions MH - *Psychiatry/ed [Education] MH - Psychiatry/td [Trends] MH - *Smoking/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - United States MH - Varenicline/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Videoconferencing AB - INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy is underutilized by people with mental illnesses, who smoke at high rates and die prematurely of smoking-related diseases. Educational outreach can improve prescribing, but distances impede widespread use of this practice. Little research has assessed whether videoconference can effectively deliver educational outreach. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of in-person versus videoconference educational outreach for smoking cessation pharmacotherapy across a state mental health system. AB - METHODS: We randomly assigned clinics to receive in-person or videoconference educational outreach with audit and feedback for cessation pharmacotherapy. Prescribers completed brief questionnaires before and after the intervention. With segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series, we evaluated prescribing trends in Medicaid pharmacy claims for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and varenicline, with interaction terms for the effect of intervention type (in-person vs. videoconference). AB - RESULTS: With interaction terms in the model, filled NRT prescriptions increased after the intervention compared to before (p < .01). The pattern of fills after the intervention were different at centers receiving in-person compared to videoconference educational outreach (p < .02) without clearly favoring one over the other. Additionally, filled varenicline prescriptions increased after the intervention compared to before (p = .04), but type of intervention delivery did not influence varenicline fills. Prescriber satisfaction with the educational intervention was high and prescriber attitudes became more positive in both groups. AB - CONCLUSION: This study suggests that single session educational outreach with audit and feedback can increase cessation pharmacotherapy utilization, and that videoconference delivery could be an effective, scalable approach to improve workforce capacity in systems serving mentally ill smokers.Copyright © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. RN - W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline) ES - 1469-994X IL - 1462-2203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv006 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R01 MH 089811 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2015 Aug DC - 20150716 YR - 2015 ED - 20160202 RD - 20150925 UP - 20160203 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26180220 <11. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26180220 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Brunette MF AU - Dzebisashvili N AU - Xie H AU - Akerman S AU - Ferron JC AU - Bartels S FA - Brunette, Mary F FA - Dzebisashvili, Nino FA - Xie, Haiyi FA - Akerman, Sarah FA - Ferron, Joelle C FA - Bartels, Stephen IN - Brunette,Mary F. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Behavioral Health, Concord, NH Mary.f.brunette@dartmouth.edu. Dzebisashvili,Nino. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Xie,Haiyi. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Akerman,Sarah. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Ferron,Joelle C. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Bartels,Stephen. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; TI - Expanding Cessation Pharmacotherapy Via Videoconference Educational Outreach to Prescribers. SO - Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 17(8):960-7, 2015 Aug. AS - Nicotine Tob Res. 17(8):960-7, 2015 Aug. NJ - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - drz, 9815751 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4580544 [Available on 08/01/16] SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Community Mental Health Services/mt [Methods] MH - Community Mental Health Services/td [Trends] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medicaid/td [Trends] MH - Mental Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Mental Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Prescriptions MH - *Psychiatry/ed [Education] MH - Psychiatry/td [Trends] MH - *Smoking/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - United States MH - Varenicline/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Videoconferencing AB - INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy is underutilized by people with mental illnesses, who smoke at high rates and die prematurely of smoking-related diseases. Educational outreach can improve prescribing, but distances impede widespread use of this practice. Little research has assessed whether videoconference can effectively deliver educational outreach. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of in-person versus videoconference educational outreach for smoking cessation pharmacotherapy across a state mental health system. AB - METHODS: We randomly assigned clinics to receive in-person or videoconference educational outreach with audit and feedback for cessation pharmacotherapy. Prescribers completed brief questionnaires before and after the intervention. With segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series, we evaluated prescribing trends in Medicaid pharmacy claims for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and varenicline, with interaction terms for the effect of intervention type (in-person vs. videoconference). AB - RESULTS: With interaction terms in the model, filled NRT prescriptions increased after the intervention compared to before (p < .01). The pattern of fills after the intervention were different at centers receiving in-person compared to videoconference educational outreach (p < .02) without clearly favoring one over the other. Additionally, filled varenicline prescriptions increased after the intervention compared to before (p = .04), but type of intervention delivery did not influence varenicline fills. Prescriber satisfaction with the educational intervention was high and prescriber attitudes became more positive in both groups. AB - CONCLUSION: This study suggests that single session educational outreach with audit and feedback can increase cessation pharmacotherapy utilization, and that videoconference delivery could be an effective, scalable approach to improve workforce capacity in systems serving mentally ill smokers.Copyright © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. RN - W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline) ES - 1469-994X IL - 1462-2203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv006 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R01 MH 089811 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - UL1 TR001086 (United States NCATS NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2015 Aug DC - 20150716 YR - 2015 ED - 20160202 RD - 20160223 UP - 20160225 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=26180220 <12. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26493451 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McCarthy M FA - McCarthy, Michael IN - McCarthy,Michael. Seattle. TI - Obama outlines plan to curb prescription drug and heroin misuse. SO - BMJ. 351:h5656, 2015. AS - BMJ. 351:h5656, 2015. NJ - BMJ (Clinical research ed.) PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Health Manpower MH - Health Personnel/ed [Education] MH - Health Planning MH - *Heroin Dependence/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - *Prescription Drug Misuse/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - United States ES - 1756-1833 IL - 0959-535X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5656 PT - News LG - English EP - 20151022 DP - 2015 DC - 20151023 YR - 2015 ED - 20160125 UP - 20160126 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26493451 <13. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25893240 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Pozniak B AU - Grabowski T AU - Motykiewicz-Pers K AU - Bobrek K AU - Rak L AU - Bobusia K AU - Gawel A AU - Switala M FA - Pozniak, Blazej FA - Grabowski, Tomasz FA - Motykiewicz-Pers, Karolina FA - Bobrek, Kamila FA - Rak, Lech FA - Bobusia, Katarzyna FA - Gawel, Andrzej FA - Switala, Marcin IN - Pozniak,Blazej. Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. Grabowski,Tomasz. Polpharma Biologics, Gdansk, Poland. Motykiewicz-Pers,Karolina. Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. Bobrek,Kamila. Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. Rak,Lech. Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. Bobusia,Katarzyna. Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. Gawel,Andrzej. Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. Switala,Marcin. Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. TI - Pharmacokinetics of repeated sodium salicylate administration to laying hens: evidence for time dependent increase in drug elimination from plasma and eggs. SO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 10(4):e0123526, 2015. AS - PLoS ONE. 10(4):e0123526, 2015. NJ - PloS one PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101285081 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4403852 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - Chickens MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Egg White MH - Egg Yolk/de [Drug Effects] MH - Egg Yolk/me [Metabolism] MH - Female MH - *Oviposition/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Ovum/me [Metabolism] MH - Sodium Salicylate/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Sodium Salicylate/bl [Blood] MH - *Sodium Salicylate/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Sodium Salicylate/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Time Factors AB - Salicylates were the first non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to be used in any species and are still widely used in humans and livestock. However, the data on their pharmacokinetics in animals is limited, especially after repeated administration. Evidence exist that in chickens (Gallus gallus) salicylate (SA) may induce its own elimination. The aim of this study was to investigate salicylate pharmacokinetics and egg residues during repeated administration of sodium salicylate (SS) to laying hens. Pharmacokinetics of SA was assessed during 14 d oral administration of SS at daily doses of 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight to laying hens. On the 1st, 7th and 14th d a 24 h-long pharmacokinetic study was carried out, whereas eggs were collected daily. Salicylate concentrations in plasma and eggs were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using a non-compartmental model. Mean residence time (MRT), minimal plasma concentration (Cmin, C16h) and elimination half-life (T1/2el) of SA showed gradual decrease in layers administered with a lower dose. Total body clearance (ClB) increased. Layers administered with the higher dose showed a decrease only in the T1/2el. In the low dose group, SA was found only in the egg white and was low throughout the experiment. Egg whites from the higher dose group showed initially high SA levels which significantly decreased during the experiment. Yolk SA levels were lower and showed longer periods of accumulation and elimination. Repeated administration of SS induces SA elimination, although this effect may differ depending on the dose and production type of a chicken. Decreased plasma drug concentration may have clinical implications during prolonged SS treatment. RN - WIQ1H85SYP (Sodium Salicylate) ES - 1932-6203 IL - 1932-6203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123526 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SI - figshare SA - figshare/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1289308 LG - English EP - 20150420 DP - 2015 DC - 20150421 YR - 2015 ED - 20160113 RD - 20150502 UP - 20160114 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25893240 <14. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26759622 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Martin SL AU - Baker RP AU - Piper BJ FA - Martin, Sarah L FA - Baker, Robert P FA - Piper, Brian J IN - Martin,Sarah L. School of Pharmacy, Husson University . Bangor, ME ( United States ). martinsar@husson.edu. Baker,Robert P. School of Pharmacy, Husson University. Bangor , ME ( United States ). bakerr@husson.edu. Piper,Brian J. Bowdoin College , Brunswick ME ( United States ). bpiper@bowdoin.edu. TI - Evaluation of urban-rural differences in pharmacy practice needs in Maine with the MaPPNA. SO - Pharmacy Practice. 13(4):669, 2015 Oct-Dec. AS - Pharm. pract.. 13(4):669, 2015 Oct-Dec. NJ - Pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101530029 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4696125 CP - Spain KW - Community Pharmacy Services; Health Services Needs and Demand; Maine; Professional Practice; Rural Health; Rural Population AB - BACKGROUND: Maine is a rural state with an aging population located in the northeastern United States. Pharmacists play an important role in serving the public's health as they are often the most available point-of-contact within a community. AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the current pharmacy practice needs as viewed by licensed pharmacists across our rural state, and to distinguish issues that are unique to rural pharmacy practice. AB - METHODS: An online survey was sent to all licensed pharmacists in the state in the fall of 2014 (n=1,262) to assess their pharmacy practice needs, and specify an rural-specific needs, within the categories of (1) opioid misuse, abuse, and diversion, (2) challenges associated with access to healthcare, (3) poly-pharmacy use, (4) meeting the needs of special populations, (5) lack of antibiotic stewardship, and (6) resources, such as staffing. AB - RESULTS: The response rate was 22.1 % (n=279). We found the most agreed upon issue facing pharmacists' in Maine is opioid use, misuse and diversion, followed closely by shortages in staffing. We also learned that pharmacists' view pharmaceutical care for older adults, those with low health literacy, and those with mental disabilities more time-consuming. Some urban-rural differences were discovered in with regard to the pharmacists' views; such as the magnitude of the distance barrier, and limited transportation options available to rural residents. Issues related to polypharmacy were viewed as more problematic by pharmacists practicing in urban versus rural sites. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical care in Maine must focus on meeting the needs of the elderly, those with disabilities, and those with limited health literacy. As with the rest of the nation, opioids challenge pharmacy practice in a variety of ways. These findings clarify areas that present opportunities for pharmacists to focus more specifically on Maine's largely rural population. IS - 1885-642X IL - 1885-642X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2015.04.669 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20151215 DP - 2015 Oct-Dec DC - 20160113 YR - 2015 ED - 20160113 RD - 20160115 UP - 20160119 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26759622 <15. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26142528 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Meka VS AU - Thing LK AU - Gorajana A AU - Kolapalli VR FA - Meka, Venkata Srikanth FA - Thing, Lim Kee FA - Gorajana, Adinarayana FA - Kolapalli, Venkata Ramana-Murthy IN - Meka,Venkata Srikanth. School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia / AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India. Thing,Lim Kee. School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Gorajana,Adinarayana. School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kolapalli,Venkata Ramana-Murthy. AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India. TI - Formulation and optimization of gastric floating drug delivery system using Central composite design and its biopharmaceutical evaluation. SO - Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 28(4):1373-87, 2015 Jul. AS - Pak. j. pharm. Sci.. 28(4):1373-87, 2015 Jul. NJ - Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9426356 SB - Index Medicus CP - Pakistan MH - Adult MH - Biological Availability MH - Cellulase MH - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical MH - *Drug Delivery Systems MH - *Gastrointestinal Absorption MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Polyethylene Glycols MH - Solubility MH - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared MH - Tablets AB - The present work investigates the formulation and biopharmaceutical estimation of gastric floating drug delivery system (GFDDS) of propranolol HCl using semi-synthetic polymer carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC) and a synthetic polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). A central composite design was applied for optimization of polymer quantity (CMEC or PEO) and sodium bicarbonate concentration as independent variables. The dependent variables evaluated were: % of drug release at 1 hr (D1hr), % drug release at 3 hr (D3hr) and time taken for 95% of drug release (t95). Numerical optimization and graphical optimization were conducted to optimize the response variables. All observed responses of statistically optimized formulations were in high treaty with predicted values. Accelerated stability studies were conducted on the optimized formulations at 40 +/- 2degreeC/75% +/- 5% RH and confirm that formulations were stable. Optimized formulations were evaluated for in vivo buoyancy characterization in human volunteers and were found buoyant in gastric fluid. Gastric residence time was enhanced in the fed but not the fasted state. The optimized formulations and marketed formulation were administered to healthy human volunteers and evaluated for pharmacokinetic parameters. Mean residence time (MRT) was prolonged and AUC levels were increased for both optimized floating tablets when compared with marketed product. High relative bioavailability obtained with optimized gastric floating tablets compared to commercial formulation, indicated the improvement of bioavailability. RN - 0 (Tablets) RN - 30IQX730WE (Polyethylene Glycols) RN - EC 3-2-1-4 (Cellulase) RN - EC 3-2-1-4 (carboxymethylcellulase) IS - 1011-601X IL - 1011-601X PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2015 Jul DC - 20150706 YR - 2015 ED - 20160111 UP - 20160112 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26142528 <16. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25841984 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Heimer R AU - Zhan W AU - Grau LE FA - Heimer, Robert FA - Zhan, Weihai FA - Grau, Lauretta E IN - Heimer,Robert. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. Electronic address: robert.heimer@yale.edu. Zhan,Weihai. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. Grau,Lauretta E. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. TI - Prevalence and experience of chronic pain in suburban drug injectors. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 151:92-100, 2015 Jun 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 151:92-100, 2015 Jun 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS673815 [Available on 06/01/16] OI - Source: NLM. PMC4447527 [Available on 06/01/16] SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Chronic Pain/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Chronic Pain/et [Etiology] MH - Chronic Pain/px [Psychology] MH - Connecticut/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Educational Status MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Narcotics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Pain Perception MH - Prevalence MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/co [Complications] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/px [Psychology] MH - Suburban Population KW - Anxiety; Chronic pain; Depression; Injection drug use; Opioids; Suburbs AB - AIMS: To explore the relationship between chronic pain and characteristics, behaviors, and psychological status of suburban Connecticut injection drug users. AB - METHODS: Cross-sectional study with quantitative interview and serological testing for HIV and hepatitis B and C in 456 individuals who injected drugs in the past month. Participants were dichotomized into those reporting current chronic pain of at least six months duration and all others. The interview covered (i) sociodemographics, (ii) injection drug use, (iii) interactions with drug treatment, criminal justice, and harm reduction, (iv) screening for alcohol use, chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, and (v) knowledge regarding HIV, hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), and opioid overdose. Serological testing for HIV, HBV, and HCV was conducted. AB - RESULTS: One-third (n = 143) reported chronic pain. These individuals differed significantly from those not reporting chronic pain on characteristics that included older age, lower educational achievement, and injection of pharmaceutical opioids. They also reported experiencing more psychological and family problems on the ASI and higher levels of depression and anxiety. Four of five individuals with chronic pain (n = 117) reported non-medical opioid use prior to the onset of chronic pain. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain is common among drug injectors in our study population although it was unusual for chronic pain to have preceded non-medical opioid use. Psychological problems in injectors with co-occurring chronic pain are likely pose significant complications to successful treatment for substance abuse, pain, or infectious disease treatment.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Narcotics) ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DI - S0376-8716(15)00147-7 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.007 PT - Journal Article NO - R01 DA030420 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20150319 DP - 2015 Jun 1 DC - 20150527 YR - 2015 ED - 20160107 RD - 20150529 UP - 20160108 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=25841984 <17. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26503790 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vakkalanka JP AU - King JD AU - Holstege CP FA - Vakkalanka, J Priyanka FA - King, Joshua D FA - Holstege, Christopher P IN - Vakkalanka,J Priyanka. a Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville , VA , USA. King,Joshua D. a Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville , VA , USA. King,Joshua D. b Department of Internal Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville , VA , USA. Holstege,Christopher P. a Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville , VA , USA. TI - Abuse, misuse, and suicidal substance use by children on school property. CM - Comment in: Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015 Nov;53(9):847-8; PMID: 26359918 SO - Clinical Toxicology: The Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology & European Association of Poisons Centres & Clinical Toxicologists. 53(9):901-7, 2015 Nov. AS - Clin Toxicol (Phila). 53(9):901-7, 2015 Nov. NJ - Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101241654 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adolescent Behavior MH - Age Factors MH - Child MH - Child Behavior MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Assessment MH - Risk Factors MH - Risk-Taking MH - *Schools/td [Trends] MH - Students/px [Psychology] MH - *Students MH - Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/mo [Mortality] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Suicide, Attempted/px [Psychology] MH - *Suicide, Attempted/td [Trends] MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] KW - Schools; epidemiology; intentional exposure; poison centers; students AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the epidemiological trends associated with substances used in intentional exposures among children while on school property reported to the U.S. National Poison Data System (NPDS). AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: NPDS was queried for intentional (abuse, misuse, suspected suicide, and unknown intentional) exposures reported to occur on school property between calendar years 2004 and 2013. Records were restricted to children 6-18 years of age. Demographic, exposure, and clinical characteristics were assessed. AB - RESULTS: A total of 56,882 substances were intentionally used on school property by 50,379 children, of which 39.8% were females (n = 20,070), 57.7% were males (n = 29,084), and 2.4% were unknown gender (n = 1,225). The most frequent pharmaceutical exposures reported included sedatives (n = 4,096; 8.1%), analgesics (n = 4,022; 8.0%), and cough and cold preparations (n = 3,529; 7.0%). The majority of exposures were managed on site (n = 21,464; 42.6%), followed by care at a healthcare facility (n = 20,048; 39.7%). Serious outcomes (moderate or major effects and death) accounted for nine percent of all reported exposures. Compared to reference groups, female gender, teenagers 17-18 years, and pharmaceutical substances (Prevalence Ratios = 4.6, 9.4, and 9.9, respectively) were associated with suspected suicides when compared with other intentional exposures. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Along with other national data about behaviors in the adolescent and teenage population, additional trends in risky behavior may be gleaned by surveillance through poison centers. With over 5,000 annual reports to the poison centers about intentional exposures on school property, school personnel and parents/guardians must be vigilant about the range of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical substances that are used for abuse, misuse, or suicide. ES - 1556-9519 IL - 1556-3650 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1085998 PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study LG - English DP - 2015 Nov DC - 20151027 YR - 2015 ED - 20160104 UP - 20160105 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26503790 <18. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25575149 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Pollini RA AU - Rudolph AE AU - Case P FA - Pollini, Robin A FA - Rudolph, Abby E FA - Case, Patricia TI - Nonprescription syringe sales: a missed opportunity for HIV prevention in California. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 55(1):31-40, 2015 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 55(1):31-40, 2015 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS643417 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4293079 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - California/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Commerce/ec [Economics] MH - Commerce/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/ec [Economics] MH - Community Pharmacy Services/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Female MH - HIV Infections/ec [Economics] MH - HIV Infections/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - HIV Infections/tm [Transmission] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Health Services Accessibility/ec [Economics] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Pharmacists/ec [Economics] MH - Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Professional Role MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ec [Economics] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Syringes/ec [Economics] AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess implementation of California Senate Bill SB41 in two inland California counties where prevalence of injection drug use is among the highest in the nation. AB - DESIGN: Syringe purchase trial. AB - SETTING: Fresno and Kern counties, California. AB - PARTICIPANTS: All 248 community pharmacies in the counties. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Successful or unsuccessful syringe purchase attempt. AB - RESULTS: Only 52 (21.0%) syringe purchase attempts were successful. The proportion of successful attempts did not vary by county or by data collector ethnicity. The most common reasons for unsuccessful syringe purchase attempts were prescription requirements (45.7%), the requested syringe size was not available (10.7%), and the pharmacy did not sell syringes (9.7%). In addition, some syringe purchase attempts (4.1%) were unsuccessful because the data collector was asked to purchase more syringes than allowed by law. Although 80% and 78% of Fresno and Kern residents, respectively, live within a 5-minute drive of a community pharmacy, less than one-half live within a 5-minute drive of a community pharmacy that sold syringes. AB - CONCLUSION: SB41 has not resulted in broad pharmacy-based syringe access in California's inland counties, where a disproportionate number of cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are associated with injection drug use. Additional steps by legislative bodies, regulatory agencies, and professional organizations are needed to actively engage pharmacies in expanding nonprescription syringe sales to reduce HIV transmission among injection drug users. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14148 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - K01 DA033879 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - K01DA033879 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA035098 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01DA035098 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2015 Jan-Feb DC - 20150110 YR - 2015 ED - 20160104 RD - 20150407 UP - 20160105 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=25575149 <19. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25174015 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cobaugh DJ AU - Gainor C AU - Gaston CL AU - Kwong TC AU - Magnani B AU - McPherson ML AU - Painter JT AU - Krenzelok EP FA - Cobaugh, Daniel J FA - Gainor, Carl FA - Gaston, Cynthia L FA - Kwong, Tai C FA - Magnani, Barbarajean FA - McPherson, Mary Lynn FA - Painter, Jacob T FA - Krenzelok, Edward P IN - Cobaugh,Daniel J. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. dcobaugh@ashp.org. Gainor,Carl. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Gaston,Cynthia L. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Kwong,Tai C. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Magnani,Barbarajean. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. McPherson,Mary Lynn. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Painter,Jacob T. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Krenzelok,Edward P. Daniel J. Cobaugh, Pharm.D., DABAT, FAACT, is Vice President, ASHP Research and Education Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Carl Gainor, J.D., Ph.D., is Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Cynthia L. Gaston, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Medication Use Policy Analyst, UW Health, Madison, WI. Tai C. Kwong, Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Director, Hematology and Chemistry Labs, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Barbarajean Magnani, Ph.D., M.D., is Chair and Pathologist-in-Chief, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, and Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Mary Lynn McPherson, Pharm.D., BCPS, CPE, is Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore. Jacob T. Painter, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Edward P. Krenzelok, Pharm.D., FAACT, FEAPCCT, DABAT, is Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. TI - The opioid abuse and misuse epidemic: implications for pharmacists in hospitals and health systems. [Review] CM - Comment in: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2014 Sep 15;71(18):1537; PMID: 25174014 SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 71(18):1539-54, 2014 Sep 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 71(18):1539-54, 2014 Sep 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ur [Urine] MH - *Community Health Services MH - Drug Monitoring MH - *Drug Overdose/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Pain Management MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - *Prescription Drug Misuse/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Prescription Drug Misuse/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Professional Role MH - Substance Abuse Detection MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - PURPOSE: The current epidemic of prescription opioid abuse and misuse in the United States is discussed, with an emphasis on the pharmacist's role in ensuring safe and effective opioid use. AB - SUMMARY: U.S. sales of prescription opioids increased fourfold from 1999 to 2010, with an alarming rise in deaths and emergency department visits associated with the use of fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and other opioid medications. Signs and symptoms of opioid toxicity may include altered mental status, hypoventilation, decreased bowel motility, central nervous system and respiratory depression, peripheral vasodilation, pulmonary edema, hypotension, bradycardia, and seizures. In patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain, urine drug testing is an important tool for monitoring and assessment of therapy; knowledge of opioid metabolic pathways and assay limitations is essential for appropriate use and interpretation of screening and confirmatory tests. In recent years, there has been an increase in federal enforcement actions against pharmacies and prescription drug wholesalers involved in improper opioid distribution, as well as increased reliance on state-level prescription drug monitoring programs to track patterns of opioid use and improper sales. Pharmacies are urged to implement or promote appropriate guidelines on opioid therapy, including the use of pain management agreement plans; policies to ensure adequate oversight of opioid prescribing, dispensing, and waste disposal; and educational initiatives targeting patients as well as hospital and pharmacy staff. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists in hospitals and health systems can play a key role in recognizing the various forms of opioid toxicity and in preventing inappropriate prescribing and diversion of opioids.Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1535-2900 IL - 1079-2082 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp140157 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2014 Sep 15 DC - 20140901 YR - 2014 ED - 20151222 UP - 20151223 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25174015 <20. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25491734 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hagemeier NE AU - Alamian A AU - Murawski MM AU - Pack RP FA - Hagemeier, Nicholas E FA - Alamian, Arsham FA - Murawski, Matthew M FA - Pack, Robert P IN - Hagemeier,Nicholas E. East Tennessee State University Gatton College of Pharmacy, Johnson City, Tennessee. Electronic address: hagemeier@etsu.edu. Alamian,Arsham. East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, Tennessee. Murawski,Matthew M. Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana. Pack,Robert P. East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, Tennessee. TI - Factors associated with provision of addiction treatment information by community pharmacists. SO - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 52:67-72, 2015 May. AS - J Subst Abuse Treat. 52:67-72, 2015 May. NJ - Journal of substance abuse treatment PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - kai, 8500909 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Access to Information MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Behavior, Addictive/th [Therapy] MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Pharmacists MH - Self Efficacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] KW - Addiction treatment; Communication; Community pharmacist AB - Community pharmacists in the United States have significant opportunity to engage in community-level prescription substance abuse prevention and treatment efforts, including dissemination of information specific to available addiction treatment options. Our cross-sectional study of Tennessee community pharmacists noted that 26% had previously provided addiction treatment facility information to one or more patients in the past. The purpose of this study was to employ multivariate modeling techniques to investigate associations between community pharmacist and community pharmacy factors and past provision of addiction treatment information to pharmacy patients. Multivariate logistic regression indicated having addiction treatment facility information in a pharmacy setting (aOR=8.19; 95% CI=4.36-15.37), having high confidence in ability to discuss treatment facility options (aOR=4.16; 95% CI=2.65-6.52), having participated in prescription opioid abuse-specific continuing education (aOR=2.90; 95% CI=1.70-4.97), being male (aOR=2.23; 95% CI=1.38-3.59), and increased hours per week in the practice setting (aOR=1.02; 95% CI=1.004-1.05) were all significantly associated with provision of information about addiction treatment. Dissemination of addiction treatment information, improvements in communicative self-efficacy beliefs, and dissemination of prescription opioid abuse-specific continuing education are modifiable factors significantly associated with increased provision of addiction treatment information by community pharmacists. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ES - 1873-6483 IL - 0740-5472 DI - S0740-5472(14)00231-1 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2014.11.006 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20141121 DP - 2015 May DC - 20150401 YR - 2015 ED - 20151221 UP - 20151222 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25491734 <21. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25424867 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rivera PD AU - Raghavan RK AU - Yun S AU - Latchney SE AU - McGovern MK AU - Garcia EF AU - Birnbaum SG AU - Eisch AJ FA - Rivera, Phillip D FA - Raghavan, Ramya K FA - Yun, Sanghee FA - Latchney, Sarah E FA - McGovern, Mary-Katherin FA - Garcia, Emily F FA - Birnbaum, Shari G FA - Eisch, Amelia J IN - Rivera,Phillip D. Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. TI - Retrieval of morphine-associated context induces cFos in dentate gyrus neurons. SO - Hippocampus. 25(4):409-14, 2015 Apr. AS - Hippocampus. 25(4):409-14, 2015 Apr. NJ - Hippocampus PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - buw, 9108167 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS656988 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4368452 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animals MH - Conditioning, Operant/de [Drug Effects] MH - Conditioning, Operant/ph [Physiology] MH - *Dentate Gyrus/cy [Cytology] MH - Gene Expression Regulation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Gene Expression Regulation/ph [Physiology] MH - *Mental Recall/de [Drug Effects] MH - Mice MH - *Morphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Narcotics/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Neurons/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/me [Metabolism] MH - Time Factors KW - addiction; conditioned place preference; hippocampus; immediate early gene; re-exposure AB - Addiction has been proposed to emerge from associations between the drug and the reward-associated contexts. This associative learning has a cellular correlate, as there are more cFos+ neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after psychostimulant conditioned place preference (CPP) versus saline controls. However, it is unknown whether morphine CPP leads to a similar DG activation, or whether DG activation is due to locomotion, handling, pharmacological effects, or-as data from contextual fear learning suggests-exposure to the drug-associated context. To explore this, we employed an unbiased, counterbalanced, and shortened CPP design that led to place preference and more DG cFos+ cells. Next, mice underwent morphine CPP but were then sequestered into the morphine-paired (conditioned stimulus+ [CS+]) or saline-paired (CS-) context on test day. Morphine-paired mice sequestered to CS+ had ~30% more DG cFos+ cells than saline-paired mice. Furthermore, Bregma analysis revealed morphine-paired mice had more cFos+ cells in CS+ compared to CS- controls. Notably, there was no significant difference in DG cFos+ cell number after handling alone or after receiving morphine in home cage. Thus, retrieval of morphine-associated context is accompanied by activation of hippocampal DG granule cell neurons.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) ES - 1098-1063 IL - 1050-9631 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22393 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - DA007290 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA016765 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA023555 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - K02 DA023555 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA016765 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - T32 DA007290 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20150313 DP - 2015 Apr DC - 20150320 YR - 2015 ED - 20151202 RD - 20150401 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25424867 <22. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24642023 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Musshoff F AU - Madea B AU - Woelfle J AU - Vlanic D FA - Musshoff, Frank FA - Madea, Burkhard FA - Woelfle, Joachim FA - Vlanic, Dejan IN - Musshoff,Frank. University Hospital, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: f.musshoff@ftc-muenchen.de. Madea,Burkhard. University Hospital, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany. Woelfle,Joachim. University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Adenauerallee 119, Bonn 53113, Germany. Vlanic,Dejan. University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Adenauerallee 119, Bonn 53113, Germany. TI - Xylometazoline poisoning: A 40-fold nasal overdose caused by a compounding error in 3 children. SO - Forensic Science International. 238:e3-5, 2014 May. AS - Forensic Sci Int. 238:e3-5, 2014 May. NJ - Forensic science international PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - f49, 7902034 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Drug Overdose MH - Humans MH - *Imidazoles/po [Poisoning] MH - Imidazoles/ur [Urine] MH - Male MH - *Medication Errors MH - *Nasal Decongestants/po [Poisoning] MH - Nasal Decongestants/ur [Urine] MH - Triplets KW - Children; Compounding error; Intoxication; Xylometazoline AB - The imidazoline derivative xylometazoline, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, is used as non-prescription nasal preparation due to its vasoconstrictive and decongestive properties. Especially in children, an overdose can quickly cause severe central nervous system depression and cardiovascular adverse effects. In three 3-year-old boys (triplets) a xylometazoline intoxication was diagnosed by toxicological analysis. On admission to an emergency unit all three children were still unresponsive. One triplet showed respiration of 15-20 breaths/min and required oxygen support (3L/min) via face mask; his electrocardiogram revealed sinus bradycardia of 64 beats/min with supraventricular extrasystoles. However, no interventions were necessary except fluid management via intravenous lines. Eleven hours after the event, two of the triplets were awake but still not fully oriented. The third triplet woke up 20h after instillation of nose drops. Intoxication was caused by a compounding error in a pharmacy resulting in a concentration 40 times above the adequate dosage for children. In general, physicians, pharmacists and the public should be educated about the toxicity of over-the-counter preparations.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Imidazoles) RN - 0 (Nasal Decongestants) RN - WPY40FTH8K (xylometazoline) ES - 1872-6283 IL - 0379-0738 DI - S0379-0738(14)00072-3 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.011 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20140220 DP - 2014 May DC - 20140424 YR - 2014 ED - 20151123 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24642023 <23. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25029631 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kennedy AG AU - Chen H AU - Corriveau M AU - MacLean CD FA - Kennedy, Amanda G FA - Chen, Harry FA - Corriveau, Michele FA - MacLean, Charles D IN - Kennedy,Amanda G. 1 Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont. TI - Improving population management through pharmacist-primary care integration: a pilot study. SO - Population Health Management. 18(1):23-9, 2015 Feb. AS - Popul Health Manag. 18(1):23-9, 2015 Feb. NJ - Population health management PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101481266 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Humans MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Medication Errors MH - Medication Therapy Management/ec [Economics] MH - *Medication Therapy Management/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Primary Health Care/ec [Economics] MH - *Primary Health Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Vermont AB - Pharmacists have unique skills that may benefit primary care practices. The objective of this demonstration project was to determine the impact of integrating pharmacists into patient-centered medical homes, with a focus on population management. Pharmacists were partnered into 5 primary care practices in Vermont 1 day per week to provide direct patient care, population-based medication management, and prescriber education. The main measures included a description of drug therapy problems identified and cost avoidance models. The pharmacists identified 708 drug therapy problems through direct patient care (336/708; 47.5%), population-based strategies (276/708; 38.9%), and education (96/708; 13.6%). Common population-based strategies included adjusting doses and discontinuing unnecessary medications. Pharmacists' recommendations to correct drug therapy problems were accepted by prescribers 86% of the time, when data about acceptance were known. Of the 49 recommendations not accepted, 47/49 (96%) were population-based and 2/49 (4%) were related to direct patient care. The cost avoidance model suggests $2.11 in cost was avoided for every $1.00 spent on a pharmacist ($373,092/$176,690). There was clear value in integrating pharmacists into primary care teams. Their inclusion prevented adverse drug events, avoided costs, and improved patient outcomes. Primary care providers should consider pharmacists well suited to offer direct patient care, population-based management, and prescriber education to their practices. To be successful, pharmacists must have full permission to document findings in the primary care practices' electronic health records. Given that many pharmacist services do not involve billable activities, sustainability requires identifying alternative funding mechanisms that do not rely on a traditional fee-for-service approach. ES - 1942-7905 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pop.2014.0043 PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140716 DP - 2015 Feb DC - 20150216 YR - 2015 ED - 20151112 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25029631 <24. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26557794 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Pollack AE FA - Pollack, Alexia E IN - Pollack,Alexia E. Biology Department, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA 02125. TI - Non-Fiction Memoirs in the Neuroscience Classroom: A Window into the Minds of Those Affected by Addiction. SO - Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education : JUNE : A Publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience. 14(1):A39-45, 2015. AS - J Undergrad Neurosci Educ. 14(1):A39-45, 2015. NJ - Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101229224 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4640481 CP - United States KW - addiction memoirs; creative assignments in science; memoirs in science classroom; narratives in science; neurobiology of addiction; neuroscience education; teaching methods; writing in science classroom AB - When I first developed an Addiction course for the Honors College at UMass-Boston in 2006, it focused exclusively on the acute and long-term effects of psychoactive substances on the brain. However, I soon realized that a strictly biological perspective failed to capture how this complex disorder affected the whole person. Students had no insight into addicts' thoughts, feelings, behaviors or how their addiction affected others. To remedy this, students read two non-fiction memoirs: Tweak (Nic Sheff, young adult addict) and Beautiful Boy (David Sheff, Nic's father) along with learning underlying neurobiology and pharmacology. Reading memoirs students saw firsthand the impact of addiction on individuals. Inspired by the diary structure of Tweak, one assignment asked students to collect data about themselves in order to determine their daily patterns/rituals and to contemplate the impact of removing these activities - like the addict after rehabilitation. Other assignments asked students to do close reading by selecting passages from Tweak and explaining how they related to different facets of addiction (biological, environmental, effect on individual), and to perform a comparative analysis between Beautiful Boy and Tweak to find points of intersection and divergence. Most recently, students used the text of Tweak to create interactive performances for a visiting high school class. Memoirs provided students with detailed, honest accounts of lives affected by addiction. The assignments and class discussions facilitated students understanding of the impact of addiction on individuals and their families, which was a powerful adjunct to learning about its underlying neurobiology and pharmacology. ES - 1544-2896 IL - 1544-2896 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20151015 DP - 2015 DC - 20151111 YR - 2015 ED - 20151111 RD - 20151113 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26557794 <25. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25780250 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fernandes O AU - Gorman SK AU - Slavik RS AU - Semchuk WM AU - Shalansky S AU - Bussieres JF AU - Doucette D AU - Bannerman H AU - Lo J AU - Shukla S AU - Chan WW AU - Benninger N AU - MacKinnon NJ AU - Bell CM AU - Slobodan J AU - Lyder C AU - Zed PJ AU - Toombs K FA - Fernandes, Olavo FA - Gorman, Sean K FA - Slavik, Richard S FA - Semchuk, William M FA - Shalansky, Steve FA - Bussieres, Jean-Francois FA - Doucette, Douglas FA - Bannerman, Heather FA - Lo, Jennifer FA - Shukla, Simone FA - Chan, Winnie W Y FA - Benninger, Natalie FA - MacKinnon, Neil J FA - Bell, Chaim M FA - Slobodan, Jeremy FA - Lyder, Catherine FA - Zed, Peter J FA - Toombs, Kent IN - Fernandes,Olavo. University Health Network Pharmacy Department, Toronto, ON, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Gorman,Sean K. Interior Health Pharmacy Services, Kelowna, BC, Canada The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada cpKPICollaborative@gmail.com. Slavik,Richard S. Interior Health Pharmacy Services, Kelowna, BC, Canada The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Semchuk,William M. Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region Pharmacy Services, Regina, SK, Canada University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Shalansky,Steve. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Bussieres,Jean-Francois. Departement de pharmacie et unite de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada Universite de Montreal, QC, Canada. Doucette,Douglas. Horizon Health Network Pharmacy Services, Moncton, NB, Canada Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. Bannerman,Heather. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Lo,Jennifer. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Pharmacy Department, Toronto, ON, Canada. Shukla,Simone. Foothills Medical Centre Pharmacy Department, Calgary, AB, Canada. Chan,Winnie W Y. St Michael's Hospital Pharmacy Department, Toronto, ON, Canada. Benninger,Natalie. University Health Network-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Pharmacy Department, Toronto, ON, Canada. MacKinnon,Neil J. James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Bell,Chaim M. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, ON, Canada. Slobodan,Jeremy. Alberta Health Services Pharmacy Services, Red Deer, AB, Canada. Lyder,Catherine. Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Zed,Peter J. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Toombs,Kent. Capital District Health Authority Pharmacy Department, Halifax, NS, Canada. TI - Development of clinical pharmacy key performance indicators for hospital pharmacists using a modified Delphi approach. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 49(6):656-69, 2015 Jun. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 49(6):656-69, 2015 Jun. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Consensus MH - Delphi Technique MH - Humans MH - *Medication Reconciliation/mt [Methods] MH - Patient Discharge MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] KW - Delphi consensus; clinical pharmacy; key performance indicators; process-of-care indicators AB - BACKGROUND: Key performance indicators (KPIs) are quantifiable measures of quality. There are no published, systematically derived clinical pharmacy KPIs (cpKPIs). AB - OBJECTIVE: A group of hospital pharmacists aimed to develop national cpKPIs to advance clinical pharmacy practice and improve patient care. AB - METHODS: A cpKPI working group established a cpKPI definition, 8 evidence-derived cpKPI critical activity areas, 26 candidate cpKPIs, and 11 cpKPI ideal attributes in addition to 1 overall consensus criterion. Twenty-six clinical pharmacists and hospital pharmacy leaders participated in an internet-based 3-round modified Delphi survey. Panelists rated 26 candidate cpKPIs using 11 cpKPI ideal attributes and 1 overall consensus criterion on a 9-point Likert scale. A meeting was facilitated between rounds 2 and 3 to debate the merits and wording of candidate cpKPIs. Consensus was reached if 75% or more of panelists assigned a score of 7 to 9 on the consensus criterion during the third Delphi round. AB - RESULTS: All panelists completed the 3 Delphi rounds, and 25/26 (96%) attended the meeting. Eight candidate cpKPIs met the consensus definition: (1) performing admission medication reconciliation (including best-possible medication history), (2) participating in interprofessional patient care rounds, (3) completing pharmaceutical care plans, (4) resolving drug therapy problems, (5) providing in-person disease and medication education to patients, (6) providing discharge patient medication education, (7) performing discharge medication reconciliation, and (8) providing bundled, proactive direct patient care activities. AB - CONCLUSIONS: A Delphi panel of hospital pharmacists was successful in determining 8 consensus cpKPIs. Measurement and assessment of these cpKPIs will serve to advance clinical pharmacy practice and improve patient care.Copyright © The Author(s) 2015. ES - 1542-6270 IL - 1060-0280 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028015577445 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20150316 DP - 2015 Jun DC - 20150515 YR - 2015 ED - 20151103 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25780250 <26. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26528011 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Primejdie DP AU - Mallet L AU - Popa A AU - Bojita MT FA - Primejdie, Daniela Petruta FA - Mallet, Louise FA - Popa, Adina FA - Bojita, Marius Traian IN - Primejdie,Daniela Petruta. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Mallet,Louise. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of pharmacy, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Popa,Adina. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Bojita,Marius Traian. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. TI - Description of a systematic pharmaceutical care approach intended to increase the appropriateness of medication use by elderly patients. SO - Clujul Medical. 87(2):119-29, 2014. AS - Clujul med.. 87(2):119-29, 2014. NJ - Clujul medical (1957) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101653053 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4462424 CP - Romania KW - Drug-related problems; elderly; inappropriate medication use; medication review; pharmaceutical care AB - BACKGROUND & AIMS: The pharmaceutical care practice represents a model of responsible pharmacist involvement in the pharmacotherapy optimization of various population groups, including the elderly, known to be at risk for drug-related problems. Romanian pharmacists could use validated pharmaceutical care experiences to confirm their role as health-care professionals. This descriptive research presents the application in two real and different environments of practice of a structured pharmaceutical care approach conceived as the basis for a medication review activity and aiming at the identification and resolution of the drug related problems in the elderly. AB - PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients with similar degree of disease-burden complexity, receiving care in different health-care environments (The Geriatric Ward of the Royal Victoria Hospital from the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in November 2010, and an urban nursing-home facility in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in March 2011), were chosen for the analysis. One clinical pharmacist suggested solutions for the management of each of the active drug-related problems identified, using the systematic pharmaceutical care approach and specific published geriatric pharmacotherapy recommendations. The number of the drug-related problems identified and the degree of the care-team acceptance of the pharmacists' solutions were noted for each patient. AB - RESULTS: The pharmacist found 6 active drug-related problems for the hospitalized patient (72 year-old, Chronic Disease Score 9) and 7 potential ones for the nursing-home resident (79 year-old, Chronic Disease Score 8), involving misuse, underuse and overuse of medications. Each patient had 3 geriatric syndromes at baseline. The therapy changes suggested by the pharmacist were implemented for the hospitalized patient, through collaboration with the health-care team. For the nursing home resident, the pharmacist identified the need for additional 6 medications and safety and efficacy arguments to cease 7 initial therapies, simplifying the therapeutic daily schedule (from 24 daily doses to 15). AB - CONCLUSION: The pharmacist's potential contribution to the optimization of the Romanian elderly patients' pharmacotherapy needs further exploration, as potential drug related problems reported as characteristic for this population were easily identified. The presented structured and validated model of pharmaceutical care approach could be used to this end. Its dissemination and use could be encouraged along with the enhancement of pharmacotherapy information and care team collaboration skills. IS - 1222-2119 IL - 1222-2119 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-276 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20140530 DP - 2014 DC - 20151103 YR - 2014 ED - 20151103 RD - 20151109 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26528011 <27. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24991789 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Oruch R AU - Elderbi MA AU - Khattab HA AU - Pryme IF AU - Lund A FA - Oruch, Ramadhan FA - Elderbi, Mahmoud A FA - Khattab, Hassan A FA - Pryme, Ian F FA - Lund, Anders IN - Oruch,Ramadhan. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Benghazi University, Postbox: 5341, Benghazi, Libya. Electronic address: oruchr@gmail.com. Elderbi,Mahmoud A. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Benghazi University, Postbox: 5341, Benghazi, Libya. Khattab,Hassan A. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya. Pryme,Ian F. Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Lund,Anders. MoodNet Research Group, Psychiatric Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. TI - Lithium: a review of pharmacology, clinical uses, and toxicity. [Review] SO - European Journal of Pharmacology. 740:464-73, 2014 Oct 5. AS - Eur J Pharmacol. 740:464-73, 2014 Oct 5. NJ - European journal of pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - en6, 1254354 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Animals MH - Antimanic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Antimanic Agents/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Antimanic Agents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Antimanic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Antimanic Agents MH - Bipolar Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Breast Feeding MH - Drug Overdose MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Lithium Compounds/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Lithium Compounds/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Lithium Compounds/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Lithium Compounds/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Lithium Compounds MH - Pregnancy KW - Bipolar affective disorder; Carbamazepine; Carbamzepine (PubChem CID 2554); Lamotrigine; Lamotrigine (PubChem CID 3878); Lithium; Lithium (PubChem CID 28486); Lurasidone (PubChem CID 213046); Major depression; Valproate; Valproate (PubChem CID 3121) AB - A radical drug treatment for bipolar affective disorder (BD) is currently unavailable. This is attributed to the fact that the precise pathophysiology of this ailment is unclear though a genetic factor is an essential element in etiology. Dissimilar to other serious psychiatric categories such as psychoses and major depression the forecast of this disease is unpredictable. There is a high suicidal risk among BD affected individuals. In this review we will consider lithium, the drug of choice in treatment of this disorder with special emphasis on pharmacology and toxicity. We have also elucidated the alternatives to lithium, since it has a wide spectrum of side-effects. Lithium is known to interact with many types of drugs used to treat different ailments in humans. This could cause either augmentation or minimization of the therapeutic action, causing secondary undesired effects of the agent. This necessitates a search for other alternatives and/or different combinations to lithium in order to decrease the range of unwanted effects for which it has received discredit. These alternatives should be potent mood stabilizers as monotherapy so as to avoid polypharmacy. If not, one should find the best combination of drugs (synergistic agents) such that the lithium dose can be minimized, thereby securing a more potent drug therapy. This study also focuses on the provision of instruction to psychiatric care givers, such as junior doctors in residency, nurses in psychiatric units, psychiatric emergency personnel and, additionally, medical and pharmacy students. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Antimanic Agents) RN - 0 (Lithium Compounds) ES - 1879-0712 IL - 0014-2999 DI - S0014-2999(14)00493-2 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.042 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20140630 DP - 2014 Oct 5 DC - 20140827 YR - 2014 ED - 20151030 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24991789 <28. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23917762 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Cardinal Ldos S AU - Matos VT AU - Resende GM AU - Toffoli-Kadri MC FA - Cardinal, Leandro Dos Santos Maciel FA - Matos, Vanessa Terezinha Gubert de FA - Resende, Glenda Mara Sousa FA - Toffoli-Kadri, Monica Cristina TI - Characterization of drug prescriptions in an adult intensive care unit. OT - Caracterizacao das prescricoes medicamentosas em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. SO - Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 24(2):151-6, 2012 Jun. AS - Rev. bras. ter. intensiva. 24(2):151-6, 2012 Jun. NJ - Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9506692 CP - Brazil AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterize drug prescriptions in a university hospital adult intensive care unit. AB - METHODS: Single-center, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at an adult general intensive care unit. The study population included all of the unit's inpatients from January to March 2011. The following characteristics for all prescriptions recorded during this period were examined: drug name (generic, brand name or abbreviation), dosage strength, pharmaceutical form, dose, route of administration, patient name, patient registration in the institution, clinic and hospital bed as well as the name, board license number, signature of the prescriber and date of the prescription. It was quantified the percentage of prescribed drugs included in the National List of Essential Drugs, the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines and the University Hospital Center Pharmacotherapy Guide. The prescribed drugs were classified based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system (levels 1 and 2). AB - RESULTS: Eight hundred forty-four prescriptions were reviewed from 72 patients (mean age: 59.04 +/- 21.80), 54.92% of whom were female. The mean number of prescriptions per patient was 11.72 +/- 11.68. The total number of drugs prescribed was 12,052 and 9,571 (79.41%) of the drugs were prescribed using the generic name. The most frequent absent information in the drug description was the pharmaceutical form of the drug (8,829/73.26%). The dosage strength was indicated in 7,231 (60%) of the prescriptions, and the prescriber and patient information were indicated in over 96% of the prescriptions. The prescribed drugs were classified in 13 therapeutic groups and 55 subgroups. Systemic antibacterials represented one of the most frequently prescribed subgroups. AB - CONCLUSION: Most of the reviewed information was present in the prescriptions. However, the dosage strength and pharmaceutical form were absent in many prescriptions. The characterization of prescriptions at different hospital units is essential for the development of strategies that reduce drug utilization problems. ES - 1982-4335 IL - 0103-507X DI - S0103-507X2012000200009 PT - Journal Article LG - English LG - Portuguese DP - 2012 Jun DC - 20130806 YR - 2012 ED - 20151026 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23917762 <29. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26012127 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ilic D AU - Bukumiric Z AU - Jankovic S FA - Ilic, Darko FA - Bukumiric, Zoran FA - Jankovic, Slobodan TI - Impact of educational intervention on prescribing inappropriate medication to elderly nursing homes residents. SO - Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo. 143(3-4):174-9, 2015 Mar-Apr. AS - Srp Arh Celok Lek. 143(3-4):174-9, 2015 Mar-Apr. NJ - Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0027440, uzg SB - Index Medicus CP - Serbia MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Inappropriate Prescribing/td [Trends] MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - *Nursing Homes MH - *Polypharmacy MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Serbia/ep [Epidemiology] AB - INTRODUCTION: Problems with polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions and non-adherence are especially frequent among elderly nursing home residents. AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate effectiveness of a specific form of staff education on appropriateness of prescribing in a cluster of nursing homes for the elderly. AB - METHODS: The study was designed as before-and-after trial of educational intervention on appropriateness of prescribing in nursing homes for the elderly. In total 20 nursing homes located in Belgrade, Serbia were included in the study with 104 elderly residents and 27 caring physicians. Appropriateness of prescribing was checked against Beers, START and STOPP criteria, before and 6 months after the intervention. AB - RESULTS: There were 349 inappropriately prescribed drugs according to Beers criteria before the intervention and 37 drugs six months after the intervention. According to STOPP criteria there were 70 drugs inappropriately prescribed before the intervention, and 20 drugs 6 months after. When both criteria are taken together, there is a significant difference between the average number of inappropriate drugs per patient before (3.4+/-0.5) and after (0.6+/-0.7) educational intervention (t=38.902; p<0.001). Finally, before the intervention 143 appropriate drugs were omitted according to START criteria, while 6 months after the intervention there were only 67 omissions. AB - CONCLUSION: Simple, but well targeted educational interventions may improve polypharmacy and decrease inappropriate prescribing rate, contributing to a better care of elderly patients in nursing homes. IS - 0370-8179 IL - 0370-8179 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2015 Mar-Apr DC - 20150527 YR - 2015 ED - 20151022 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=26012127 <30. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25605176 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kristina SA AU - Thavorncharoensap M AU - Pongcharoensuk P AU - Montakantikul P AU - Suansanae T AU - Prabandari YS FA - Kristina, Susi Ari FA - Thavorncharoensap, Montarat FA - Pongcharoensuk, Petcharat FA - Montakantikul, Preecha FA - Suansanae, Thanarat FA - Prabandari, Yayi Suryo IN - Kristina,Susi Ari. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail : susikristina@yahoo.com. TI - Effectiveness of tobacco education for pharmacy students in Indonesia. SO - Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: Apjcp. 15(24):10783-6, 2014. AS - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15(24):10783-6, 2014. NJ - Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101130625 SB - Index Medicus CP - Thailand MH - Adult MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Counseling MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Indonesia MH - Male MH - *Patient Education as Topic MH - Prognosis MH - *Self Efficacy MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] AB - BACKGROUND: Smoking remains the major preventable cause of death worldwide, especially cancer-related death. Evidence clearly indicates that tobacco-related morbidity and mortality is reduced by smoking cessation. Pharmacists are well-positioned to provide tobacco cessation services an involvement of pharmacists in smoking cessation is encouraged by several organizations. While Indonesia's prevalence of smoking is in the first rank in Asian countries, none of the pharmacy schools in Indonesia are currently offering tobacco-related courses in their existing curricula at present. Our study aimed to develop and to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco education (TE) for pharmacy students in Indonesia. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 6-hour TE was developed and evaluated using pre-test/post-test with control group design. A total of 137 fifth-year pharmacy students at Gadjah Mada University (GMU), Yogyakarta, were chosen as an intervention group while a total of 105 fifth-year students of Islamic University of Indonesia, (UII) served as the control group. Knowledge, perceived-role, self-efficacy, and ability to perform counseling using the 5A's framework were evaluated. AB - RESULTS: A significant improvement (P < 0.001) in knowledge, perceived-role, and self-efficacy was found in the intervention group but not in the control group. In addition, we revealed that 89.7% of the intervention group were able to perform counseling using 5A's. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The developed TE significantly improved student knowledge, perceived-rolse, self-efficacy, and created an ability to perform cessation counseling. Integration of TE education in curricula of Indonesian pharmacy schools nation-wide should be encouraged. IS - 1513-7368 IL - 1513-7368 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 DC - 20150121 YR - 2014 ED - 20151006 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25605176 <31. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25503967 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lukovic JA AU - Miletic V AU - Pekmezovic T AU - Trajkovic G AU - Ratkovic N AU - Aleksic D AU - Grgurevic A FA - Lukovic, Jasminka Adzic FA - Miletic, Vladimir FA - Pekmezovic, Tatjana FA - Trajkovic, Goran FA - Ratkovic, Nevena FA - Aleksic, Danijela FA - Grgurevic, Anita IN - Lukovic,Jasminka Adzic. Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Miletic,Vladimir. Association for Mental Health Promotion, Belgrade, Serbia. Pekmezovic,Tatjana. Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Trajkovic,Goran. Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Ratkovic,Nevena. Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. Aleksic,Danijela. Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. Grgurevic,Anita. Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. TI - Self-medication practices and risk factors for self-medication among medical students in Belgrade, Serbia. SO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 9(12):e114644, 2014. AS - PLoS ONE. 9(12):e114644, 2014. NJ - PloS one PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101285081 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4263675 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Risk Factors MH - Self Medication/px [Psychology] MH - *Self Medication/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Serbia MH - Students, Medical/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult AB - INTRODUCTION: Self-medication among future health care professionals can represent a serious threat to professionalism in medicine and it has potential to put at risk public trust into this profession. The aim of this research was to investigate prevalence and risk factors for self-medication among population of medical students, because it was previously shown that their attitudes towards pharmacotherapy could affect the way they could prescribe medication in the future. AB - MATERIAL AND METHODS: Research was performed as a cross-sectional study and it included 1296 (84.1%) 1st, 3rd and 6th year students of School of Medicine, University of Belgrade. Students filled out a demographic and self-medication questionnaire created for the purpose of this research and the Physical Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9). Questions about self-medication were related to the period of the previous year. AB - RESULTS: Self-medication was reported by 79.9% students. The most frequently self-prescribed medications were analgesics (55.4%). Independent risk factors for self-medication were possession of home-pharmacies (OR = 5.3, CI 95% 3.89-7.23), lower level of father's education (OR = 1.6, CI 95% 1.18-2.25), consumption of alcoholic beverages (OR = 1.5, CI 95% 1.13-2.08), less than 1 hour spent in physical activity per week (OR = 1.4, CI 95% 1.00-2.02), female gender (OR = 1.4, CI 95% 1.02-1.89), older age (OR = 1.1, CI 95% 1.07-1.21) and higher PHQ-9 score (OR = 1.09, CI 95% 1.05-1.12). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Self-medication is an important issue among population of medical students. Prevalence of self-medication could be controlled through regulatory authorities and further education. ES - 1932-6203 IL - 1932-6203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114644 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20141211 DP - 2014 DC - 20141216 YR - 2014 ED - 20151001 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25503967 <32. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26405329 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Harvin A AU - Weber RJ FA - Harvin, Andre FA - Weber, Robert J IN - Harvin,Andre. Senior Pharmacy Resident, Pharmacy Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and College of Pharmacy , Columbus, Ohio. Weber,Robert J. Administrator, Pharmacy Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and College of Pharmacy , Columbus, Ohio. TI - A Primer on Prescription Drug Abuse and the Role of the Pharmacy Director. SO - Hospital Pharmacy. 50(5):423-8, 2015 May. AS - Hosp Pharm. 50(5):423-8, 2015 May. NJ - Hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - g98, 0043175 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4567209 [Available on 05/01/16] CP - United States AB - Prescription drug abuse, or using a prescription drug in a way not intended by the provider, has become such an issue in the United States that in 2013 the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classified it as a new epidemic. The goal of this article is to provide pharmacy directors with a primer on prescription drug abuse and its prevention. This article will cover the causes and societal impact of prescription drug abuse, review recent and proposed strategies to prevent prescription drug abuse, and discuss efforts within the health system to reduce the risks of narcotic diversion that can lead to prescription drug abuse. There are several health and societal factors that have contributed to the rise in prescription drug abuse. As there is no singular contributory factor to this epidemic, there is no easy solution for proper containment and monitoring of prescription drug use. Pharmacy directors play a vital role in the safe use of prescription medications by providing for fail-safe systems for accounting and controlling prescription drugs. In addition, pharmacists can play a role in educating patients and health care workers on the dangers of prescription drug abuse. Health systems should form teams to identify drug diversion and provide an intervention that demands accountability while helping the impaired professional. Health system pharmacy directors must play an integral role in these efforts and continue to seek opportunities to reduce any risks for prescription drug abuse. IS - 0018-5787 IL - 0018-5787 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj5005-423 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2015 May DC - 20150925 YR - 2015 ED - 20150925 RD - 20150928 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26405329 <33. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24641546 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kuo A AU - Wyse BD AU - Meutermans W AU - Smith MT FA - Kuo, A FA - Wyse, B D FA - Meutermans, W FA - Smith, M T IN - Kuo,A. School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. TI - In vivo profiling of seven common opioids for antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression: no two opioids have the same profile. SO - British Journal of Pharmacology. 172(2):532-48, 2015 Jan. AS - Br J Pharmacol. 172(2):532-48, 2015 Jan. NJ - British journal of pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - b00, 7502536 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4292966 [Available on 01/01/16] SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Animals MH - Benzeneacetamides/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Benzeneacetamides/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Buprenorphine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Castor Oil MH - *Constipation/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Diarrhea/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Diarrhea/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Fentanyl/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Fentanyl/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Hot Temperature MH - Male MH - Morphine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Morphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Morphine Derivatives/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Morphine Derivatives/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Oxycodone/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Oxycodone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pyrrolidines/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Pyrrolidines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - *Respiratory Insufficiency/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Respiratory Insufficiency/pp [Physiopathology] KW - antinociception; buprenorphine; constipation; fentanyl; intracerebroventricular; morphine; morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G); oxycodone; rat; respiratory depression AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For patients experiencing inadequate analgesia and intolerable opioid-related side effects on one strong opioid analgesic, pain relief with acceptable tolerability is often achieved by rotation to a second strong opioid. These observations suggest subtle pharmacodynamic differences between opioids in vivo. This study in rats was designed to assess differences between opioids in their in vivo profiles. AB - EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Male Sprague Dawley rats were given single i.c.v. bolus doses of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), fentanyl, oxycodone, buprenorphine, DPDPE ([D-penicillamine(2,5) ]-enkephalin) or U69,593. Antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression were assessed using the warm water tail-flick test, the castor oil-induced diarrhoea test and whole body plethysmography respectively. AB - KEY RESULTS: These opioid agonists produced dose-dependent antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression. For antinociception, morphine, fentanyl and oxycodone were full agonists, buprenorphine and M6G were partial agonists, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 had low potency. For constipation, M6G, fentanyl and buprenorphine were full agonists, oxycodone was a partial agonist, morphine produced a bell-shaped dose-response curve, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 were inactive. For respiratory depression, morphine, M6G, fentanyl and buprenorphine were full agonists, oxycodone was a partial agonist, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 were inactive. The respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl and oxycodone were of short duration, whereas morphine, M6G and buprenorphine evoked prolonged respiratory depression. AB - CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: For the seven opioids we assessed, no two had the same profile for evoking antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression, suggesting that these effects are differentially regulated. Our findings may explain the clinical success of 'opioid rotation'. AB - LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.Copyright © 2014 The British Pharmacological Society. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Benzeneacetamides) RN - 0 (Morphine Derivatives) RN - 0 (Pyrrolidines) RN - 20290-10-2 (morphine-6-glucuronide) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) RN - 8001-79-4 (Castor Oil) RN - 88373-73-3 (Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-) RN - 96744-75-1 (U 69593) RN - CD35PMG570 (Oxycodone) RN - UF599785JZ (Fentanyl) ES - 1476-5381 IL - 0007-1188 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12696 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140701 DP - 2015 Jan DC - 20141224 YR - 2015 ED - 20150910 RD - 20151026 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24641546 <34. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24641546 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kuo A AU - Wyse BD AU - Meutermans W AU - Smith MT FA - Kuo, A FA - Wyse, B D FA - Meutermans, W FA - Smith, M T IN - Kuo,A. School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. TI - In vivo profiling of seven common opioids for antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression: no two opioids have the same profile. SO - British Journal of Pharmacology. 172(2):532-48, 2015 Jan. AS - Br J Pharmacol. 172(2):532-48, 2015 Jan. NJ - British journal of pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - b00, 7502536 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4292966 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Animals MH - Benzeneacetamides/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Benzeneacetamides/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Buprenorphine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Castor Oil MH - *Constipation/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Diarrhea/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Diarrhea/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Fentanyl/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Fentanyl/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Hot Temperature MH - Male MH - Morphine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Morphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Morphine Derivatives/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Morphine Derivatives/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Oxycodone/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Oxycodone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pyrrolidines/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Pyrrolidines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - *Respiratory Insufficiency/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Respiratory Insufficiency/pp [Physiopathology] KW - antinociception; buprenorphine; constipation; fentanyl; intracerebroventricular; morphine; morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G); oxycodone; rat; respiratory depression AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For patients experiencing inadequate analgesia and intolerable opioid-related side effects on one strong opioid analgesic, pain relief with acceptable tolerability is often achieved by rotation to a second strong opioid. These observations suggest subtle pharmacodynamic differences between opioids in vivo. This study in rats was designed to assess differences between opioids in their in vivo profiles. AB - EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Male Sprague Dawley rats were given single i.c.v. bolus doses of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), fentanyl, oxycodone, buprenorphine, DPDPE ([D-penicillamine(2,5) ]-enkephalin) or U69,593. Antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression were assessed using the warm water tail-flick test, the castor oil-induced diarrhoea test and whole body plethysmography respectively. AB - KEY RESULTS: These opioid agonists produced dose-dependent antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression. For antinociception, morphine, fentanyl and oxycodone were full agonists, buprenorphine and M6G were partial agonists, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 had low potency. For constipation, M6G, fentanyl and buprenorphine were full agonists, oxycodone was a partial agonist, morphine produced a bell-shaped dose-response curve, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 were inactive. For respiratory depression, morphine, M6G, fentanyl and buprenorphine were full agonists, oxycodone was a partial agonist, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 were inactive. The respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl and oxycodone were of short duration, whereas morphine, M6G and buprenorphine evoked prolonged respiratory depression. AB - CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: For the seven opioids we assessed, no two had the same profile for evoking antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression, suggesting that these effects are differentially regulated. Our findings may explain the clinical success of 'opioid rotation'. AB - LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.Copyright © 2014 The British Pharmacological Society. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Benzeneacetamides) RN - 0 (Morphine Derivatives) RN - 0 (Pyrrolidines) RN - 20290-10-2 (morphine-6-glucuronide) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) RN - 8001-79-4 (Castor Oil) RN - 88373-73-3 (Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-) RN - 96744-75-1 (U 69593) RN - CD35PMG570 (Oxycodone) RN - UF599785JZ (Fentanyl) ES - 1476-5381 IL - 0007-1188 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12696 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140701 DP - 2015 Jan DC - 20141224 YR - 2015 ED - 20150910 RD - 20160101 UP - 20160104 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=24641546 <35. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25052240 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Van Hout MC FA - Van Hout, Marie Claire IN - Van Hout,Marie Claire. School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: mcvanhout@wit.ie. TI - Nod and wave: an Internet study of the codeine intoxication phenomenon. SO - International Journal of Drug Policy. 26(1):67-77, 2015 Jan. AS - Int J Drug Policy. 26(1):67-77, 2015 Jan. NJ - The International journal on drug policy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9014759 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Codeine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Codeine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Drug Overdose/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Harm Reduction MH - Humans MH - *Internet MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Public Health MH - Risk Management/mt [Methods] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology] KW - Codeine; Indigenous harm reduction; Internet; Phenomenology AB - BACKGROUND: The non-medical use of pharmaceutical opioids such as codeine is of increasing public health concern. The aim of the study was to describe codeine intoxication experiences amongst recreational drug users, as posted on public Internet forums. AB - METHODS: Internet searches were carried out by using the specific key word 'codeine' and in combination with 'experience', 'report', 'trip' and 'forum'. 96 Trip reports and 156 thread discussions relating to the sole use of codeine were analysed using the empirical phenomenological psychological (EPP) method. Nine themes and 72 categories emerged. AB - RESULTS: Narratives illustrated transitions between medical and non-medical use of codeine for dulling of emotional and/or physical pain, opiate withdrawal management and for intoxication. Codeine's appeal centred on access via family medicine cabinets, prescribers and pharmacies. Discussion and dissemination of indigenous harm reduction tactics included the learning to appreciate codeine's effect via moderated use in optimal settings, avoidance of tolerance by use of informed dosing schedules, cold water extraction of codeine, and using codeine as an alternative to stronger opioids. Oral and rectal routes were favoured, with awareness on forums of the harms of intravenous and subcutaneous injection. 250 mg was recommended to optimise recreational outcomes. Forum users describe potentiating practices and using over-the-counter medications to improve intoxication experiences and reduce unpleasant side effects. Dissociative effects, ability to ignore physical and emotional pain, codeine induced synaesthesia and altered states of consciousness were described. Overdose was characterised by anaesthesia, severe chest and stomach pain, respiratory depression, panic and fear of death. AB - CONCLUSION: Efforts to ensure legitimate codeine use for pain and reduction of aberrant behaviours centre on evidence based screening, risk minimisation, prescription monitoring and specific treatment protocols. This study shows that internet drug forums drive communal know-how and indigenous harm reduction strategies, and warrant consideration as viable public health mechanisms for informing users.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RN - Q830PW7520 (Codeine) ES - 1873-4758 IL - 0955-3959 DI - S0955-3959(14)00167-4 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.06.016 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140630 DP - 2015 Jan DC - 20141226 YR - 2015 ED - 20150903 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25052240 <36. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26312233 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Shah AH AU - ElHaddad SA FA - Shah, Altaf Hussain FA - ElHaddad, Sally A IN - Shah,Altaf Hussain. Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. ElHaddad,Sally A. Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. TI - Oral hygiene behavior, smoking, and perceived oral health problems among university students. SO - Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. 5(4):327-33, 2015 Jul-Aug. AS - J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent.. 5(4):327-33, 2015 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101618802 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4547449 CP - India KW - Oral hygiene; oral problems; smoking habits; university students AB - BACKGROUND: Behavioral aspects play a major role in the prevention of oral diseases. Moreover, not many people are aware of the relationship of smoking with potential oral diseases. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze oral hygiene behavior, smoking habits, and perceived oral health problems among a sample of university students in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire about oral hygiene behavior, smoking, and perceived oral health problems was developed. The questionnaires were mainly distributed in Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy colleges of the university. Questionnaires completed at other colleges were included under the term "other colleges." AB - RESULTS: Overall, 380 questionnaires were returned. Majority of the students (92.4%) reported cleaning their teeth. Most of the students reported cleaning teeth once daily (48.7%). Just over a half (55.8%) reported having a dental check-up in the last 6 months, and a significantly higher number of dental students reported having a dental check-up (P < 0.05). Regarding smoking, the majority (63.4%) reported to have never smoked while 17.3% reported that they were smoking frequently. About 17.6% perceived oral health problems, including a significant proportion of those who reported frequent smoking. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Oral hygiene behavior exhibited by the university students sample was similar. Majority cleaned their teeth, although only once. Smoking habit was not exhibited by the vast majority of students. Frequent smokers perceived oral health problems more than other students. IS - 2231-0762 IL - 2231-0762 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.161765 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2015 Jul-Aug DC - 20150828 YR - 2015 ED - 20150828 RD - 20150830 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26312233 <37. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25614526 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Basger BJ AU - Moles RJ AU - Chen TF FA - Basger, Benjamin J FA - Moles, Rebekah J FA - Chen, Timothy F IN - Basger,Benjamin J. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia ben.basger@sydney.edu.au. Moles,Rebekah J. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Chen,Timothy F. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. TI - Development of an aggregated system for classifying causes of drug-related problems. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 49(4):405-18, 2015 Apr. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 49(4):405-18, 2015 Apr. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems MH - Data Collection MH - Documentation MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/cl [Classification] MH - Humans MH - Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] KW - DRPs; adverse drug event; classification system; drug-related problems; medication error; medication-related problems AB - BACKGROUND: More than 20 different types of classification systems for drug-related problems (DRPs) and their causes have been developed. Classification is necessary to describe and assess clinical, organizational, and economic impacts of DRPs through documentation of collected data. However, many researchers have judged classification systems incomplete when describing their data, and have modified them or developed their own. This variability between systems has made study comparisons difficult. AB - OBJECTIVES: To perform a category-by-category comparison of the content of selected DRP classification systems to construct an aggregated cause-of-DRP classification system containing the content of all systems. AB - METHOD: DRP classification systems were identified after a literature review, with 7 chosen based on their use in varied health care settings, geographical diversity, frequency of use, and method of development. These systems were critically analyzed, and the content of each category was compared and aggregated where appropriate. A hierarchy of categories was constructed to include all content from all systems. Any modifications that previous studies may have made to the 7 systems were also cross-referenced to ensure that no concepts were missing from the newly aggregated system. Clinical examples to optimize application, and instructions for when or when not to use categories, were developed. Interrater agreement for classification of the causes of DRPs from 10 medication reviews was performed between 3 clinical pharmacists and the authors' gold standard. AB - RESULTS: We found variation in developmental methods, category descriptions, number and types of categories, and validation methods between the 7 selected systems, together with intermingling of categories identified as causes of DRPs with DRPs themselves. A hierarchical classification system was constructed consisting of 9 cause-of-DRP categories, 33 subcategories, and 58 sub-subcategories, for which interrater agreements were 82.5%, 74.6%, and 58.8%, respectively. AB - CONCLUSION: An aggregated classification system was constructed through a unique and transparent developmental process that may provide the most comprehensive description of causes of DRPs to date. This may facilitate teaching of pharmaceutical care, comparisons of clinical practice, and measurement of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care interventions.Copyright © The Author(s) 2015. ES - 1542-6270 IL - 1060-0280 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028014568008 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20150122 DP - 2015 Apr DC - 20150312 YR - 2015 ED - 20150819 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25614526 <38. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25801347 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Le Foll B AU - Tyndale RF FA - Le Foll, B FA - Tyndale, R F IN - Le Foll,B. Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Family and Community Medicine and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Tyndale,R F. Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. TI - Cannabinoids: Friend or foe?. SO - Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 97(6):528-31, 2015 Jun. AS - Clin Pharmacol Ther. 97(6):528-31, 2015 Jun. NJ - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - dhr, 0372741 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS679639 [Available on 06/01/16] OI - Source: NLM. PMC4450772 [Available on 06/01/16] SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Cannabinoids/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cannabinoids/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Cannabinoids/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Cannabis/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Medical Marijuana/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Phytotherapy AB - This issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on cannabinoids. Our understanding of these interesting endogenous and synthetic compounds, and their role in the cannabinoid system, has evolved dramatically, in part because of the acquisition of new research tools. Cannabis has been used for centuries by humans for recreational and medicinal purposes, however, there is substantial evidence that cannabis use can expose people to varying complications (e.g., risk of addiction, cognitive impairment), thus, it is important to determine the benefit/risk of cannabis with precision and to implement policy measures based on evidence to maximize the benefits and minimize the harm. Novel cannabinoid drugs are emerging for medicinal use (e.g., dronabinol, nabiximols) and as illicit drugs (e.g., Spice, K2) perpetuating the perception that cannabinoid drugs can be a friend or foe. This special issue will cover these various aspects of cannabinoid pharmacology and therapeutics ranging from basic chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical trial results, to policy and education efforts in this area. Copyright © 2015 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. RN - 0 (Cannabinoids) RN - 0 (Medical Marijuana) ES - 1532-6535 IL - 0009-9236 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.119 PT - Editorial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R21 DA031906 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21 DA036024 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21DA03190602 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21DA036024 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - TMH109787 (Canada Canadian Institutes of Health Research) LG - English DP - 2015 Jun DC - 20150527 YR - 2015 ED - 20150812 RD - 20151026 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25801347 <39. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25801347 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Le Foll B AU - Tyndale RF FA - Le Foll, B FA - Tyndale, R F IN - Le Foll,B. Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Family and Community Medicine and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Tyndale,R F. Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. TI - Cannabinoids: Friend or foe?. SO - Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 97(6):528-31, 2015 Jun. AS - Clin Pharmacol Ther. 97(6):528-31, 2015 Jun. NJ - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - dhr, 0372741 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS679639 [Available on 06/01/16] OI - Source: NLM. PMC4450772 [Available on 06/01/16] SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Cannabinoids/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cannabinoids/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Cannabinoids/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Cannabis/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Medical Marijuana/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Phytotherapy AB - This issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on cannabinoids. Our understanding of these interesting endogenous and synthetic compounds, and their role in the cannabinoid system, has evolved dramatically, in part because of the acquisition of new research tools. Cannabis has been used for centuries by humans for recreational and medicinal purposes, however, there is substantial evidence that cannabis use can expose people to varying complications (e.g., risk of addiction, cognitive impairment), thus, it is important to determine the benefit/risk of cannabis with precision and to implement policy measures based on evidence to maximize the benefits and minimize the harm. Novel cannabinoid drugs are emerging for medicinal use (e.g., dronabinol, nabiximols) and as illicit drugs (e.g., Spice, K2) perpetuating the perception that cannabinoid drugs can be a friend or foe. This special issue will cover these various aspects of cannabinoid pharmacology and therapeutics ranging from basic chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical trial results, to policy and education efforts in this area. Copyright © 2015 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. RN - 0 (Cannabinoids) RN - 0 (Medical Marijuana) ES - 1532-6535 IL - 0009-9236 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.119 PT - Editorial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R21 DA031906 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21 DA036024 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21DA03190602 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21DA036024 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - TMH109787 (Canada Canadian Institutes of Health Research) LG - English DP - 2015 Jun DC - 20150527 YR - 2015 ED - 20150812 RD - 20160301 UP - 20160303 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=25801347 <40. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25792300 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Holtzman CW AU - Brady KA AU - Yehia BR FA - Holtzman, Carol W FA - Brady, Kathleen A FA - Yehia, Baligh R IN - Holtzman,Carol W. ICAP, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, P.O. Box 13860, Maseru 100, Lesotho, holtzmanc@icap.org.ls. TI - Retention in care and medication adherence: current challenges to antiretroviral therapy success. SO - Drugs. 75(5):445-54, 2015 Apr. AS - Drugs. 75(5):445-54, 2015 Apr. NJ - Drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ec2, 7600076 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS674011 [Available on 04/01/16] OI - Source: NLM. PMC4384328 [Available on 04/01/16] SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - *Anti-HIV Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Anti-HIV Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Anti-Retroviral Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Anti-Retroviral Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Evidence-Based Medicine MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *HIV Infections/px [Psychology] MH - HIV Infections/tm [Transmission] MH - Humans MH - Medication Adherence/px [Psychology] MH - *Medication Adherence MH - Models, Psychological MH - Patient Acceptance of Health Care/px [Psychology] MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic AB - Health behaviors such as retention in HIV medical care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) pose major challenges to reducing new HIV infections, addressing health disparities, and improving health outcomes. Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Use provides a conceptual framework for understanding how patient and environmental factors affect health behaviors and outcomes, which can inform the design of intervention strategies. Factors affecting retention and adherence among persons with HIV include patient predisposing factors (e.g., mental illness, substance abuse), patient-enabling factors (e.g., social support, reminder strategies, medication characteristics, transportation, housing, insurance), and healthcare environment factors (e.g., pharmacy services, clinic experiences, provider characteristics). Evidence-based recommendations for improving retention and adherence include (1) systematic monitoring of clinic attendance and ART adherence; (2) use of peer or paraprofessional navigators to re-engage patients in care and help them remain in care; (3) optimization of ART regimens and pharmaceutical supply chain management systems; (4) provision of reminder devices and tools; (5) general education and counseling; (6) engagement of peer, family, and community support groups; (7) case management; and (8) targeting patients with substance abuse and mental illness. Further research is needed on effective monitoring strategies and interventions that focus on improving retention and adherence, with specific attention to the healthcare environment. RN - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents) RN - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents) IS - 0012-6667 IL - 0012-6667 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40265-015-0373-2 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - K23 MH097647 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - K23-MH097647 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2015 Apr DC - 20150402 YR - 2015 ED - 20150721 RD - 20151027 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25792300 <41. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24726204 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Chen J AU - Lu XY AU - Wang WJ AU - Shen B AU - Ye Y AU - Jiang H AU - Wang QS AU - Cheng B FA - Chen, Jian FA - Lu, Xiao-yang FA - Wang, Wei-jia FA - Shen, Bin FA - Ye, Yun FA - Jiang, Hong FA - Wang, Qi-sheng FA - Cheng, Bin IN - Chen,Jian. Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China. Lu,Xiao-yang. Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: luxiaoyangzju@126.com. Wang,Wei-jia. Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. Shen,Bin. Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China. Ye,Yun. Department of Pharmacy, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China. Jiang,Hong. Department of Pharmacy, Shangyu People's Hospital, People's Republic of China. Wang,Qi-sheng. Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinchang County, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China. Cheng,Bin. Department of Pharmacy, Zhengjiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. TI - Impact of a clinical pharmacist-led guidance team on cancer pain therapy in China: a prospective multicenter cohort study. CM - Comment in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014 Oct;48(4):497-8; PMID: 24997446 SO - Journal of Pain & Symptom Management. 48(4):500-9, 2014 Oct. AS - J Pain Symptom Manage. 48(4):500-9, 2014 Oct. NJ - Journal of pain and symptom management PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8605836, ijj SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Causality MH - China/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Cohort Studies MH - Comorbidity MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Neoplasms/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Neoplasms/nu [Nursing] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Pain/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Pain/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Pain Measurement/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Palliative Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Patient Care Team/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Prevalence MH - Prospective Studies MH - Treatment Outcome KW - Cancer pain; China; clinical pharmacist; intervention AB - CONTEXT: Cancer treatment capacity in China is severely limited relative to the enormous size of the population; and many aspects of treatment, such as opioid protocols for pain control, are not standardized. To improve the quality of drug treatment, clinical pharmacists are taking a more active role in patient care. AB - OBJECTIVES: This study compared the effectiveness of opioid treatment between cancer patients receiving interventions from Clinical Pharmacist-Led Guidance Teams (CPGTs) and a comparable control group. AB - METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, double-arm, controlled study conducted in China. Multidisciplinary guidance teams were established and led by clinical pharmacists with expertise in cancer pain therapy. The CPGTs provided pre-therapy consultation and drug education to physicians, monitored prescriptions during treatment, and conducted patient follow-up. The process and outcome parameters of therapy were collected and analyzed with overall statistics and logistic regression. AB - RESULTS: A total of 542 patients were enrolled, 269 in the CPGT intervention group (CPGT group) and 273 controls. Standardization of opioid administration was improved significantly in the CPGT group, including more frequent pain evaluation (P<0.001), more standardized dosing titration (P<0.001), and less frequent meperidine prescriptions (P<0.001). The pain scores in the CPGT group were significantly improved compared with the control group (P<0.05). The incidences of gastrointestinal adverse events were significantly lower in the CPGT group (constipation: P=0.041; nausea: P=0.028; vomiting: P=0.035), and overall quality of life was improved (P=0.032). No opioid addiction was encountered in the CPGT group. Risk analysis revealed that patient follow-up by pharmacists and the controlled dosing of opioids were the major factors in improving treatment efficacy. AB - CONCLUSION: The CPGTs significantly improved standardization, efficiency, and efficacy of cancer pain therapy in China. In a country where clinical pharmacy is still developing, this is a valuable service model that may enhance cancer treatment capacity and efficacy while promoting recognition of the clinical pharmacy profession.Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1873-6513 IL - 0885-3924 DI - S0885-3924(14)00039-6 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.10.015 PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140413 DP - 2014 Oct DC - 20141013 YR - 2014 ED - 20150713 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24726204 <42. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24753277 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sussman S AU - Leventhal A FA - Sussman, Steve FA - Leventhal, Adam IN - Sussman,Steve. Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California. TI - Substance misuse prevention: addressing anhedonia. [Review] SO - New Directions for Youth Development. 2014(141):45-56, 10, 2014. AS - New Dir Youth Dev. 2014(141):45-56, 10, 2014. NJ - New directions for youth development PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101090644 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS629738 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4181563 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - *Anhedonia MH - Humans MH - *Program Development/st [Standards] MH - *Schools/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Anhedonia refers to the inability of experiencing pleasure in positive life events. It has been conceptualized as a stable yet malleable characteristic and is associated with hypoactivity in the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic systems. Very recently, it has been posited as an etiologic factor associated with drug addiction onset, escalation, and relapse. Prevention programming could be developed to counteract the harmful impact of anhedonia, so as to minimize its impact on drug misuse. Remedial efforts are those that either (1) permit the individual to tolerate low levels of pleasure without resorting to drug misuse or other maladaptive behaviors that may unhealthily besot pleasure (for example, through normalization, structuring time, or meditation) or (2) counteract anhedonia by enhancing ones capability to experience pleasure (for example, behavioral activation, positive psychology, pharmacotherapy, or pursuit of positive addictions). School-based activities could be developed that can be completed by individuals, small workgroups, or the whole classroom. The concept of anhedonia is described in this chapter, and possible prevention strategies that might be utilized in schools as well as other contexts are discussed. Copyright © WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. ES - 1537-5781 IL - 1533-8916 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.20085 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA020138 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA020138 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2014 DC - 20140422 YR - 2014 ED - 20150706 RD - 20150806 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24753277 <43. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26131046 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Ojeh VB AU - Naima N AU - Abah IO AU - Falang KD AU - Lucy O AU - London I AU - Dady C AU - Agaba P AU - Agbaji O FA - Ojeh, Victor B FA - Naima, Nasir FA - Abah, Isaac O FA - Falang, Kakjing D FA - Lucy, Ogwuche FA - London, Ibrahim FA - Dady, Christiana FA - Agaba, Patricia FA - Agbaji, Oche IN - Ojeh,Victor B. APIN Centre/Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital. Jos ( Nigeria ). bazimojeh@gmail.com. Naima,Nasir. APIN Centre/Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital. Jos ( Nigeria ). sarauniyanaima@gmail.com. Abah,Isaac O. APIN Centre/Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital. Jos ( Nigeria ). isaacabah@gmail.com. Falang,Kakjing D. Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos . Jos ( Nigeria ). falangkakjing@gmail.com. Lucy,Ogwuche. APIN Centre/Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital. Jos ( Nigeria ). lucyamah4real@yahoo.com. London,Ibrahim. APIN Centre/Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital. Jos ( Nigeria ). Ibrahim_london@yahoo.com. Dady,Christiana. APIN Centre/Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital. Jos ( Nigeria ). weedady@gmail.com. Agaba,Patricia. Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos . Jos ( Nigeria ). ellagaba@yahoo.com. Agbaji,Oche. Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jos . Jos ( Nigeria ). oagbaji@yahoo.com. TI - Pattern of drug therapy problems and interventions in ambulatory patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria. SO - Pharmacy Practice. 13(2):566, 2015 Apr-Jun. AS - Pharm. pract.. 13(2):566, 2015 Apr-Jun. NJ - Pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101530029 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4482846 CP - Spain KW - Anti-HIV Agents; Medication Errors; Nigeria; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacists AB - OBJECTIVES: We describe the frequency and types of drug therapy problems (DTPs), and interventions carried out to resolve them, among a cohort of HIV-infected patients on ART in Jos, Nigeria. AB - METHODS: A prospective pharmacists' intervention study was conducted between January and August 2012 at the outpatient HIV clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Pharmacists identified DTPs and made recommendations to resolve them. The main outcome measures were number of DTPs encountered, interventions proposed and acceptance rate of recommendations. AB - RESULTS: A total of 42,416 prescriptions were dispensed to 9339 patients during the eight months study. A total of 420 interventions (Intervention rate of 1 per 100 prescriptions) were made to resolve DTPs in 401 (4.3%) patients with a mean age of 41 (SD=10) years, and made up of 73% females. DTPs encountered were drug omission (n=89, 21.2%), unnecessary drug (n=55, 13.1%) and wrong drug indication (n=55, 13.1%). Recommendations offered included; Addition of another drug to the therapy (n=87, 20.7%), rectification of incomplete prescriptions (n=85, 20.2%), change of drug or dosage (n=67, 16.0%), and discontinuation of the offending drug (n=59, 14.0%). A total of 389 (93%) out of 420 of the recommendations were accepted. In all, 50.4% (212) of the problematic prescriptions were changed and dispensed, 22.2% (89) were clarified and dispensed, while wrong identities were corrected in 11.7% (49). However, 7.5% (30) prescriptions were dispensed as prescribed, 5.2% (21) were not dispensed, and 3% (12) were unresolved. AB - CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pharmacists-initiated interventions can ameliorate DTPs in patients receiving ART given the high intervention acceptance rate recorded. The implication of this finding is that pharmacists with requisite training in HIV pharmacotherapy are an excellent resource in detecting and minimizing the effect of antiretroviral drug-related errors. IS - 1885-642X IL - 1885-642X PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20150615 DP - 2015 Apr-Jun DC - 20150701 YR - 2015 ED - 20150701 RD - 20150703 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26131046 <44. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25081674 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Yadav A AU - Goel S AU - Sharma VL FA - Yadav, Aman FA - Goel, Sonu FA - Sharma, Vijay Lakshmi IN - Yadav,Aman. Centre of Public Health, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India E-mail : sonugoel007@yahoo.co.in. TI - Integration of tobacco control in Masters of Public Health curricula of India. SO - Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: Apjcp. 15(14):5611-5, 2014. AS - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15(14):5611-5, 2014. NJ - Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101130625 SB - Index Medicus CP - Thailand MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Education, Public Health Professional MH - Female MH - Humans MH - India MH - Male MH - *Public Health/ed [Education] MH - *Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/di [Diagnosis] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/th [Therapy] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder AB - CONTEXT: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despite this alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including the medical discipline, in India. AB - AIMS: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control related content in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering a MPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline), other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed, posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. AB - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entry and analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. AB - RESULTS: The duration of the MPH course was two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases were covered under 'non communicable diseases' section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute's had faculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks and effects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A's), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacological treatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack of expertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco control in MPH curricula. AB - CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention in public health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases. IS - 1513-7368 IL - 1513-7368 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 DC - 20140801 YR - 2014 ED - 20150629 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25081674 <45. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25120227 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Katzman MA AU - Sternat T FA - Katzman, Martin A FA - Sternat, Tia IN - Katzman,Martin A. START Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, 32 Park Road, Toronto, ON, M4W 2N4, Canada, mkatzman@startclinic.ca. TI - A review of OROS methylphenidate (Concerta()) in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. [Review] SO - CNS Drugs. 28(11):1005-33, 2014 Nov. AS - CNS Drugs. 28(11):1005-33, 2014 Nov. NJ - CNS drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d3s, 9431220 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Administration, Oral MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Clinical Trials as Topic MH - Delayed-Action Preparations MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - *Drug Delivery Systems MH - Humans MH - Methylphenidate/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Methylphenidate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioural disorder with onset during childhood. It affects a child's development, both at home and at school, and impacts on social, emotional and cognitive functioning, in both the home and the school environment. Untreated ADHD is very often associated with poor academic achievement, low occupational status, increased risk of substance abuse and delinquency. Current practice guidelines recommend a multimodal approach in the treatment of ADHD, which includes educational, behavioural and mental health interventions, and pharmacological management. Stimulant medications, including methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamine products, are recommended as first-line pharmacotherapy in the treatment of ADHD. The choice of stimulant is influenced by several factors; the most influential factor is the duration of action. Long-acting medication provides benefits long after school and work. It also increases the likelihood of once-daily dosing, thereby eliminating the need for mid-day dosing, making the treatment more private, avoiding stigma and improving adherence to medication. MPH is the most widely used psychotropic medication in child psychiatry. It was first developed for use in children as an oral, immediate-release formulation and more recently as various extended-release formulations. These latter formulations include the 12 h preparation Concerta() (osmotic-release oral system [OROS] MPH), which utilizes an osmotic pump system, designed to overcome the difficulties of multiple daily dosing. Since it received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration in August 2000, OROS MPH has been quickly and widely accepted as one of the preferred treatments for ADHD because of its once-daily dosing. This paper reviews the data in support of long-acting OROS MPH in children, adolescents and adults, both in ADHD and in association with its comorbidities. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) IS - 1172-7047 IL - 1172-7047 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-014-0175-1 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2014 Nov DC - 20141106 YR - 2014 ED - 20150625 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25120227 <46. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25187228 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gheewala PA AU - Peterson GM AU - Curtain CM AU - Nishtala PS AU - Hannan PJ AU - Castelino RL FA - Gheewala, Pankti A FA - Peterson, Gregory M FA - Curtain, Colin M FA - Nishtala, Prasad S FA - Hannan, Paul J FA - Castelino, Ronald L IN - Gheewala,Pankti A. School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia, Pankti.Gheewala@utas.edu.au. TI - Impact of the pharmacist medication review services on drug-related problems and potentially inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications in residents of aged care facilities. SO - Drugs & Aging. 31(11):825-35, 2014 Nov. AS - Drugs Aging. 31(11):825-35, 2014 Nov. NJ - Drugs & aging PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bek, 9102074 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Utilization Review MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - *Homes for the Aged/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - *Inappropriate Prescribing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Male MH - New South Wales/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Nursing Homes/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacists MH - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in aged care facilities and few studies have been conducted to determine the impact of the pharmacist-conducted medication review services. Studies determining the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and data regarding inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications in aged care facilities in Australia are also lacking. AB - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the number and nature of DRPs identified and recommendations made by pharmacists in residents of aged care facilities. To determine the prevalence of CKD and estimate the magnitude of inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications in residents of aged care facilities. AB - METHODS: DRPs identified and recommendations made by pharmacists were classified using the adapted version of the DOCUMENT classification system. The modification of diet in renal disease formula was used to estimate the prevalence of CKD, and the Cockcroft-Gault formula was used to estimate the magnitude of inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications. AB - RESULTS: Over 98 % of residents of aged care facilities had at least one DRP. Most (83.8 %) recommendations made by accredited pharmacists to resolve DRPs were accepted by general practitioners. CKD was prevalent in 48 % of residents, and inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications was identified in 28 (16 %) residents with CKD. AB - CONCLUSIONS: DRPs are common in aged care facilities and the impact of medication review services appears to be high. CKD is also common among residents of aged care facilities, and inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications was also prevalent, warranting attention to regular renal function monitoring and appropriate drug and dose selection in residents of aged care facilities. ES - 1179-1969 IL - 1170-229X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-014-0208-y PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Nov DC - 20141028 YR - 2014 ED - 20150622 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25187228 <47. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25320137 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Delgado O AU - Kernan WP AU - Knoer SJ FA - Delgado, Osmel FA - Kernan, William P FA - Knoer, Scott J IN - Delgado,Osmel. Osmel Delgado, Pharm. D., M.B.A., BCPS, FASHP, is Chief Operating Officer; and William P. Kernan, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Director of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL. Scott J. Knoer, Pharm.D., M.S., FASHP, is Chief Pharmacy Officer, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. delgado@ccf.org. Kernan,William P. Osmel Delgado, Pharm. D., M.B.A., BCPS, FASHP, is Chief Operating Officer; and William P. Kernan, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Director of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL. Scott J. Knoer, Pharm.D., M.S., FASHP, is Chief Pharmacy Officer, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. Knoer,Scott J. Osmel Delgado, Pharm. D., M.B.A., BCPS, FASHP, is Chief Operating Officer; and William P. Kernan, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Director of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL. Scott J. Knoer, Pharm.D., M.S., FASHP, is Chief Pharmacy Officer, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. TI - Advancing the pharmacy practice model in a community teaching hospital by expanding student rotations. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 71(21):1871-6, 2014 Nov 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 71(21):1871-6, 2014 Nov 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - *Hospitals, Community/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Hospitals, Teaching/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Inservice Training MH - Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacists MH - Professional Practice MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - *Students, Pharmacy AB - PURPOSE: The implementation, benefits, and outcomes of a layered learner model (LLM) using pharmacy students as pharmacist extenders are described. AB - SUMMARY: In 2011, Cleveland Clinic Florida (CCF) implemented a pharmacy practice model change with the goal of providing all inpatients quality pharmaceutical care while still providing key specialty clinical pharmacy services. An LLM was initiated in which pharmacists supervise pharmacy residents and students in a team format in which students are used as pharmacist extenders. CCF partnered with local and regional colleges of pharmacy to increase the number of advanced pharmacy practice experience student rotations at CCF. Students are given accountability for a specific number of patient beds based on their rotation. They are required to perform medication histories, education on drug indication and adverse effects, discharge counseling, targeted disease counseling, and profile review for drug-related problems for their patients. After the implementation of this model, improvements were observed in Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores (58% versus 70%, respectively), pharmacy interventions per patient per day (0.9 versus 1.4, respectively), and bedside medication delivery capture rate (48% versus 65%, respectively). AB - CONCLUSION: The implementation of an LLM and partnering with local colleges of pharmacy have improved pharmacy practice at CCF by allowing pharmacy students to work as pharmacist extenders in providing comprehensive pharmacy services to many patients who would not otherwise be reached. This approach has improved HCAHPS scores within the "communication of medication" domain, increased overall patient interventions, and allowed expansion of CCF's discharge prescription program.Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved. ES - 1535-2900 IL - 1079-2082 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp130624 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Nov 1 DC - 20141016 YR - 2014 ED - 20150615 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25320137 <48. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26056513 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Tsega B AU - Bhagavathula AS AU - Sarkar BR AU - Melaku T AU - Shewamene Z FA - Tsega, Bayew FA - Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth FA - Sarkar, Barun Ranjan FA - Melaku, Tadesse FA - Shewamene, Zewdneh IN - Tsega,Bayew. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. Bhagavathula,Akshaya Srikanth. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. Sarkar,Barun Ranjan. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. Melaku,Tadesse. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. Shewamene,Zewdneh. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. TI - Impact of clerkship attachments on students' attitude toward pharmaceutical care in Ethiopia. SO - Advances in Medical Education & Practice. 6:385-91, 2015. AS - Adv Med Educ Pract. 6:385-91, 2015. NJ - Advances in medical education and practice PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101562700 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4445313 CP - New Zealand KW - Ethiopia; clerkship; clinical pharmacy program; pharmaceutical care; students AB - OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to investigate the impact of mandatory clinical clerkship courses on 5th-year pharmacy students' attitudes and perceived barriers toward providing pharmaceutical care (PC). AB - METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5th-year pharmacy students undertaking mandatory clinical clerkship in the University of Gondar, Ethiopia. A pharmaceutical care attitudes survey (PCAS) questionnaire was used to assess the attitude (14 items), commonly identified drug-related problem/s (1 item) during clerkships, and perceived barriers (12 items) toward the provision of PC. Statistical analysis was conducted on the retrieved data. AB - RESULTS: Out of the total of 69 clerkship students, 65 participated and completed the survey (94.2% response rate). Overall, 74.45% of participants opinioned a positive attitude toward PC provision. Almost all respondents agreed that the primary responsibility of pharmacists in the healthcare setting was to prevent and solve medication-related problems (98.5%), practice of PC was valuable (89.3%), and the PC movement will improve patient health (95.4%), respectively. Unnecessary drug therapy (43%), drug-drug interactions (33%), and non-adherence to medications (33%) were the most common drug-related problems identified in wards. Highly perceived barriers for PC provision included lack of a workplace for counseling in the pharmacy (75.4%), a poor image of pharmacist's role in wards (67.7%), and inadequate technology in the pharmacy (64.6%). Lack of access to a patient's medical record in the pharmacy had significant association (P<0.05) with PC practice, performance of PC during clerkship, provision of PC as clinical pharmacists, and Ethiopian pharmacists benefiting by PC. AB - CONCLUSION: Ethiopian clinical pharmacy students have a good attitude toward PC. Efforts should be targeted toward reducing these drug therapy issues, and aiding the integration of PC provision with pharmacy practice. ES - 1179-7258 IL - 1179-7258 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S80802 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20150520 DP - 2015 DC - 20150609 YR - 2015 ED - 20150609 RD - 20150612 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26056513 <49. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25767963 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Finlay AK AU - Binswanger IA AU - Smelson D AU - Sawh L AU - McGuire J AU - Rosenthal J AU - Blue-Howells J AU - Timko C AU - Blodgett JC AU - Harris AH AU - Asch SM AU - Frayne S FA - Finlay, Andrea K FA - Binswanger, Ingrid A FA - Smelson, David FA - Sawh, Leon FA - McGuire, Jim FA - Rosenthal, Joel FA - Blue-Howells, Jessica FA - Timko, Christine FA - Blodgett, Janet C FA - Harris, Alex H S FA - Asch, Steven M FA - Frayne, Susan IN - Finlay,Andrea K. *Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), Substance Use Disorder Quality Research Enhancement Initiative, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA +Division of General Internal Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine, Community Health Services, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO ++National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Bedford, MA PDepartment of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Justice Programs #Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA **Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ++Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Menlo Park, CA. TI - Sex differences in mental health and substance use disorders and treatment entry among justice-involved Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration. SO - Medical Care. 53(4 Suppl 1):S105-11, 2015 Apr. AS - Med Care. 53(4 Suppl 1):S105-11, 2015 Apr. NJ - Medical care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0230027, lsm SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Middle Aged MH - Prevalence MH - *Prisoners MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Factors MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *United States Department of Veterans Affairs MH - *Veterans MH - *Women's Health AB - BACKGROUND: Over half of veterans in the criminal justice system have mental health or substance use disorders. However, there is a critical lack of information about female veterans in the criminal justice system and how diagnosis prevalence and treatment entry differ by sex. AB - OBJECTIVES: To document prevalence of mental health and substance use disorder diagnoses and treatment entry rates among female veterans compared with male veterans in the justice system. AB - RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using national Veterans Health Administration clinical/administrative data from veterans seen by Veterans Justice Outreach Specialists in fiscal years 2010-2012. AB - SUBJECTS: A total of 1535 females and 30,478 male veterans were included. AB - MEASURES: Demographic characteristics (eg, sex, age, residence, homeless status), mental health disorders (eg, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), substance use disorders (eg, alcohol and opioid use disorders), and treatment entry (eg, outpatient, residential, pharmacotherapy). AB - RESULTS: Among female veterans, prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders was 88% and 58%, respectively, compared with 76% and 72% among male veterans. Women had higher odds of being diagnosed with a mental health disorder [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.68-2.34] and lower odds of being diagnosed with a substance use disorder (AOR=0.50; 95% CI, 0.45-0.56) compared with men. Women had lower odds of entering mental health residential treatment (AOR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.83). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Female veterans involved in the justice system have a high burden of mental health disorders (88%) and more than half have substance use disorders (58%). Entry to mental health residential treatment for women is an important quality improvement target. ES - 1537-1948 IL - 0025-7079 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000271 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 2015 Apr DC - 20150315 YR - 2015 ED - 20150515 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25767963 <50. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25977607 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Kresina TF AU - Sylvestre D AU - Seeff L AU - Litwin AH AU - Hoffman K AU - Lubran R AU - Clark HW FA - Kresina, Thomas F FA - Sylvestre, Diana FA - Seeff, Leonard FA - Litwin, Alain H FA - Hoffman, Kenneth FA - Lubran, Robert FA - Clark, H Westley IN - Kresina,Thomas F. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD. Sylvestre,Diana. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Organization to Achieve Solutions In Substance Abuse (O.A.S.I.S.) Oakland, CA. Seeff,Leonard. Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute on Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD. Litwin,Alain H. Division of Substance Abuse, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY. Hoffman,Kenneth. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD. Lubran,Robert. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD. Clark,H Westley. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD. TI - Hepatitis infection in the treatment of opioid dependence and abuse. [Review] SO - Substance Abuse. 1:15-61, 2008. AS - Subst Abus. 1:15-61, 2008. NJ - Substance abuse : research and treatment PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8808537, 101514834 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4395041 CP - New Zealand KW - hepatitis; medication assisted treatment; methadone; substance abuse treatment AB - Many new and existing cases of viral hepatitis infections are related to injection drug use. Transmission of these infections can result directly from the use of injection equipment that is contaminated with blood containing the hepatitis B or C virus or through sexual contact with an infected individual. In the latter case, drug use can indirectly contribute to hepatitis transmission through the dis-inhibited at-risk behavior, that is, unprotected sex with an infected partner. Individuals who inject drugs are at-risk for infection from different hepatitis viruses, hepatitis A, B, or C. Those with chronic hepatitis B virus infection also face additional risk should they become co-infected with hepatitis D virus. Protection from the transmission of hepatitis viruses A and B is best achieved by vaccination. For those with a history of or who currently inject drugs, the medical management of viral hepatitis infection comprising screening, testing, counseling and providing care and treatment is evolving. Components of the medical management of hepatitis infection, for persons considering, initiating, or receiving pharmacologic therapy for opioid addiction include: testing for hepatitis B and C infections; education and counseling regarding at-risk behavior and hepatitis transmission, acute and chronic hepatitis infection, liver disease and its care and treatment; vaccination against hepatitis A and B infection; and integrative primary care as part of the comprehensive treatment approach for recovery from opioid abuse and dependence. In addition, participation in a peer support group as part of integrated medical care enhances treatment outcomes. Liver disease is highly prevalent in patient populations seeking recovery from opioid addiction or who are currently receiving pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction. Pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction is not a contraindication to evaluation, care, or treatment of liver disease due to hepatitis virus infection. Successful pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction stabilizes patients and improves patient compliance to care and treatment regimens as well as promotes good patient outcomes. Implementation and integration of effective hepatitis prevention programs, care programs, and treatment regimens in concert with the pharmacological therapy of opioid addiction can reduce the public health burdens of hepatitis and injection drug use. ES - 1178-2218 IL - 1178-2218 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20080428 DP - 2008 DC - 20150515 YR - 2008 ED - 20150515 RD - 20150521 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25977607 <51. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25031247 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anderson P AU - Wojnar M AU - Jakubczyk A AU - Gual A AU - Reynolds J AU - Segura L AU - Sovinova H AU - Csemy L AU - Kaner E AU - Newbury-Birch D AU - Fornasin A AU - Struzzo P AU - Ronda G AU - van Steenkiste B AU - Keurhorst M AU - Laurant M AU - Ribeiro C AU - do Rosario F AU - Alves I AU - Scafato E AU - Gandin C AU - Kolsek M FA - Anderson, Peter FA - Wojnar, Marcin FA - Jakubczyk, Andrzej FA - Gual, Antoni FA - Reynolds, Jillian FA - Segura, Lidia FA - Sovinova, Hana FA - Csemy, Ladislav FA - Kaner, Eileen FA - Newbury-Birch, Dorothy FA - Fornasin, Alessio FA - Struzzo, Pierluigi FA - Ronda, Gaby FA - van Steenkiste, Ben FA - Keurhorst, Myrna FA - Laurant, Miranda FA - Ribeiro, Cristina FA - do Rosario, Frederico FA - Alves, Isabel FA - Scafato, Emanuele FA - Gandin, Claudia FA - Kolsek, Marko IN - Anderson,Peter. University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, UK Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Wojnar,Marcin. Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Jakubczyk,Andrzej. Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ajakubczyk@wum.edu.pl. Gual,Antoni. Fundacio Privada Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica/Hospital Clinico i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Segura,Lidia. Generalitat De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Sovinova,Hana. The National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic. Csemy,Ladislav. The National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic. Kaner,Eileen. University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, UK. Newbury-Birch,Dorothy. University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, UK. Fornasin,Alessio. Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Statistiche, Universita degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy. Struzzo,Pierluigi. Centro Regional di Formazione per l'Area dlle Cure Primarie, Monfalcone, Italy. Ronda,Gaby. Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. van Steenkiste,Ben. Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Keurhorst,Myrna. Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Laurant,Miranda. Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Ribeiro,Cristina. General-Diretorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies, Lisbon, Portugal. do Rosario,Frederico. General-Diretorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies, Lisbon, Portugal. Alves,Isabel. General-Diretorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies, Lisbon, Portugal. Scafato,Emanuele. Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Gandin,Claudia. Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Kolsek,Marko. Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. TI - Managing alcohol problems in general practice in Europe: results from the European ODHIN survey of general practitioners. SO - Alcohol & Alcoholism. 49(5):531-9, 2014 Sep-Oct. AS - Alcohol Alcohol. 49(5):531-9, 2014 Sep-Oct. NJ - Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - aal, 8310684 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Data Collection MH - Europe MH - General Practice MH - *General Practitioners/px [Psychology] MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Self Report AB - AIMS: To document the attitudes of general practitioners (GPs) from eight European countries to alcohol and alcohol problems and how these attitudes are associated with self-reported activity in managing patients with alcohol and alcohol problems. AB - METHODS: A total of 2345 GPs were surveyed. The questionnaire included questions on the GP's demographics, reported education and training on alcohol, attitudes towards managing alcohol problems and self-reported estimates of numbers of patients managed for alcohol and alcohol problems during the previous year. AB - RESULTS: The estimated mean number of patients managed for alcohol and alcohol problems during the previous year ranged from 5 to 21 across the eight countries. GPs who reported higher levels of education for alcohol problems and GPs who felt more secure in managing patients with such problems reported managing a higher number of patients. GPs who reported that doctors tended to have a disease model of alcohol problems and those who felt that drinking was a personal rather than a medical responsibility reported managing a lower number of patients. AB - CONCLUSION: The extent of alcohol education and GPs' attitudes towards alcohol were associated with the reported number of patients managed. Thus, it is worth exploring the extent to which improved education, using pharmacotherapy in primary health care and a shift to personalized health care in which individual patients are facilitated to undertake their own assessment and management (individual responsibility) might increase the number of heavy drinkers who receive feedback on their drinking and support to reduce their drinking.Copyright © The Author 2014. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. ES - 1464-3502 IL - 0735-0414 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agu043 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140716 DP - 2014 Sep-Oct DC - 20140812 YR - 2014 ED - 20150512 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25031247 <52. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25723976 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Messersmith LJ AU - Adjei R AU - Beard J AU - Agyarko-Poku T AU - Wondergem P AU - Falconer A AU - Sabin L AU - Adu-Sarkodie Y FA - Messersmith, Lisa J FA - Adjei, Rose FA - Beard, Jennifer FA - Agyarko-Poku, Thomas FA - Wondergem, Peter FA - Falconer, Ariel FA - Sabin, Lora FA - Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw IN - Messersmith,Lisa J. *Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; +Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA; ++School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana; and ||USAID/Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon. TI - Drug use and sexual behavior: the multiple HIV vulnerabilities of men and women who inject drugs in Kumasi, Ghana. SO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS. 68 Suppl 2:S124-30, 2015 Mar 1. AS - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 68 Suppl 2:S124-30, 2015 Mar 1. NJ - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100892005 SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Condoms MH - Female MH - Ghana/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *HIV Infections/ep [Epidemiology] MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Needle Sharing MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors MH - *Sexual Behavior MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Young Adult AB - BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that injecting drug use presents a new challenge to HIV prevention in West Africa. Very little is known about the HIV vulnerability of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Ghana, and no HIV prevention efforts are currently targeting PWID. AB - METHODS: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 30 (20 men and 10 women) PWID to participate in in-depth interviews in Kumasi, Ghana. Transcripts were coded and analyzed by theme. AB - RESULTS: Half the men and more than half the women in this study reported sharing needles/syringes (N/S); most shared a common mixing container; and all said they shared N/S with intimate partners. Some PWID who said that they do not share N/S with other PWID, also said they routinely use N/S that they find on the ground at injecting sites or in the hospital dumpster. Nearly, all the women (9/10) and more than half the men (12/20) were currently sexually active; most had more than 1 partner in the last 6 months, but very few reported condom use. Three women said they exchanged sex for money and 3 men reported buying sex in the last year. Several PWID had no knowledge of HIV transmission through injecting. AB - CONCLUSIONS: PWID in Kumasi are highly vulnerable to HIV because of N/S sharing and reuse, lack of condom use, low knowledge of HIV transmission, and lack of services. Program and policy recommendations include N/S and condom distribution, peer education, opioid substitution therapy, and training of health providers, police, and pharmacy staff. ES - 1944-7884 IL - 1525-4135 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000445 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 2015 Mar 1 DC - 20150228 YR - 2015 ED - 20150427 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25723976 <53. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24766349 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hedenrud T AU - Babic N AU - Jonsson P FA - Hedenrud, Tove FA - Babic, Naida FA - Jonsson, Pernilla IN - Hedenrud,Tove. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. TI - Medication overuse headache: self-perceived and actual knowledge among pharmacy staff. SO - Headache. 54(6):1019-25, 2014 Jun. AS - Headache. 54(6):1019-25, 2014 Jun. NJ - Headache PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 2985091r, g1n SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Analgesics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - *Headache Disorders, Secondary MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacists' Aides MH - Self Concept MH - Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Sweden MH - Young Adult KW - Sweden; knowledge; medication overuse headache; pharmacy staff AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge about medication overuse headache (MOH) among pharmacy staff. AB - BACKGROUND: MOH is a public health problem both in Sweden and in many other countries. Persons with MOH have limited contact with health care, and medications used are to large extent over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Therefore, pharmacists have an important role in, eg, advising these individuals about their medication use. Little is, however, known about the actual level of knowledge about MOH among pharmacy staff, which determines the quality of their advice to MOH sufferers. AB - METHODS: A total of 326 questionnaires were distributed to 44 pharmacies in Gothenburg, Sweden. The questionnaire included background questions, questions about advice on headache treatment, source of knowledge about MOH, and questions on self-perceived and actual knowledge on MOH. AB - RESULTS: The response rate was 70%. A majority of the pharmacy staff (90.6%) considered themselves to have knowledge about MOH to some or a greater extent. Almost half had learned about MOH through their university/vocational education. Only 8.6% knew that all 5 headache medications listed in the questionnaire can cause development of MOH, but 40% responded correctly on which treatment advice one can give a person with MOH. Actual knowledge on treatment advice differed significantly between groups of self-perceived knowledge. AB - CONCLUSION: The knowledge on MOH is insufficient among pharmacy staff, but with the proper knowledge, pharmacy staff is well positioned to effect both primary and secondary prevention of MOH. We suggest not only increasing educational efforts about MOH within pharmacy programs but also continuing education at the pharmacies for all staff. Further, it is also important to increase knowledge among pharmacy customers.Copyright © 2014 American Headache Society. RN - 0 (Analgesics) ES - 1526-4610 IL - 0017-8748 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12350 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20140425 DP - 2014 Jun DC - 20140611 YR - 2014 ED - 20150413 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24766349 <54. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24816350 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fleming ML AU - Barner JC AU - Brown CM AU - Shepherd MD AU - Strassels SA AU - Novak S FA - Fleming, Marc L FA - Barner, Jamie C FA - Brown, Carolyn M FA - Shepherd, Marv D FA - Strassels, Scott A FA - Novak, Suzanne TI - Pharmacists' training, perceived roles, and actions associated with dispensing controlled substance prescriptions. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 54(3):241-50, 2014 May-Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 54(3):241-50, 2014 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Controlled Substances/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Controlled Substances/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Data Collection MH - *Drug Monitoring MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmacies MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Prescription Drugs/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Texas AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine situations that prompt pharmacists to access a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) database and management of opioid abuse/addiction; assess pharmacists' actions when abuse is suspected; describe pharmacists' tasks when dispensing controlled substance prescriptions (CSPs); and their continuing pharmacy education (CPE). DESIGN Cross-sectional mail survey of 1,000 randomly selected pharmacists. AB - SETTING: Texas from February 2012 to April 2012. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 1,000 Texas community pharmacists. AB - INTERVENTION: Mail survey instrument. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prompts to use a PDMP and pharmacists' views actions, and related CPE programs. RESULTS The usable response rate was 26.2%. Pharmacists were more supportive of mandated PDMP use by physicians than by pharmacists (mean +/- SD 4.1 +/- 1.2 versus 3.2 +/- 1.5; P <0.001), based on a 5-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree, to 5, strongly agree). Most pharmacists would be prompted to use a PDMP if the prescription contains mistakes (68.1%) or the patient requests an early refill (66.3%). Bivariate statistics showed that men pharmacists, those with BSPharm degrees, and pharmacists >50 years of age reported a greater number of CPE hours related to prescription opioid abuse and pain management. An analysis of variance showed that pharmacy owners reported significantly more (P <0.05) CPE compared with manager and staff pharmacists. AB - CONCLUSION: Older pharmacists with a BSPharm degree may be more willing to provide counseling to patients with opioid addiction based on their work experience and additional CPE related to controlled substances. As PDMP use becomes more prevalent, pharmacists should be prepared to interact and counsel patients identified with aberrant controlled prescription drug use and properly deliver pain management care. Additionally, schools of pharmacy curricula must prepare new pharmacists to prevent abuse and diversion, as well as intervene when aberrant use is identified. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Controlled Substances) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13168 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2014 May-Jun DC - 20140512 YR - 2014 ED - 20150406 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24816350 <55. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25834765 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Williams AM AU - Dopheide JA FA - Williams, Andrew M FA - Dopheide, Julie A IN - Williams,Andrew M. University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles (both authors); and University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Dr Dopheide). Dopheide,Julie A. University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles (both authors); and University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Dr Dopheide). TI - Nonpsychiatric medication interventions initiated by a postgraduate year 2 psychiatric pharmacy resident in a patient-centered medical home. SO - The Primary Care Companion to CNS Disorders. 16(6), 2014. AS - Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 16(6), 2014. NJ - The primary care companion for CNS disorders PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101547532 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4374824 CP - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated the benefits of incorporating comprehensive medication management into primary care, but no study describes the types of nonpsychiatric medication-related interventions provided by a psychiatric pharmacist while providing comprehensive medication management. AB - METHOD: A chart review of Center for Community Health patients enrolled in the University of Southern California Psychiatric Pharmacy Clinic, Los Angeles, between July 1, 2013, and January 10, 2014, was conducted. Progress notes were reviewed to collect medication recommendations and interventions. The number and types of interventions were compared between groups based on substance abuse history, comorbid medical conditions, number of psychiatric diagnoses, and number of medications. An anonymous survey was distributed to primary care providers (PCPs) regarding perceptions and attitudes toward a postgraduate year 2 psychiatric pharmacy resident's interventions pertaining to nonpsychiatric medications. AB - RESULTS: 177 nonpsychiatric medication interventions were documented. Fifty interventions required PCP approval, and 45% of those were accepted. Having a diagnosis of diabetes (P < .0001), hypertension (P < .0001), gastroesophageal reflux disease (P < .0001), > 9 medications (P < .0001), or > 5 medical diagnoses (P < .0001) were all associated with an increased mean number of interventions. Of the PCPs, 66% viewed the psychiatric pharmacist as a resource for addressing medical interventions by providing drug information. The PCPs were agreeable to having a psychiatric pharmacist provide drug information and monitor the patient but reported mixed opinions on whether a psychiatric pharmacist should comanage nonpsychiatric conditions. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric pharmacists can successfully collaborate with PCPs in primary care clinics to provide comprehensive medication management that optimizes pharmacotherapy for patients with medical and psychiatric conditions. Continued efforts are needed to promote interdisciplinary approaches to provide comprehensive medication management services for patients with both psychiatric and medical disorders. IS - 2155-7772 IL - 2155-7780 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/PCC.14m01680 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20141106 DP - 2014 DC - 20150402 YR - 2014 ED - 20150402 RD - 20150407 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25834765 <56. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24996399 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Berger SM AU - Bartsch D FA - Berger, Stefan M FA - Bartsch, Dusan IN - Berger,Stefan M. Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. TI - The role of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 in normal and pathological brain function. [Review] SO - Cell & Tissue Research. 357(2):463-76, 2014 Aug. AS - Cell Tissue Res. 357(2):463-76, 2014 Aug. NJ - Cell and tissue research PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cqd, 0417625 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Animals MH - Brain/me [Metabolism] MH - *Brain/ph [Physiology] MH - *Brain/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Calcium Channels, L-Type/an [Analysis] MH - Calcium Channels, L-Type/ge [Genetics] MH - *Calcium Channels, L-Type/me [Metabolism] MH - Cognition MH - Humans MH - Memory MH - Nervous System Diseases/ge [Genetics] MH - Nervous System Diseases/me [Metabolism] MH - Nervous System Diseases/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Neuronal Plasticity MH - Polymorphism, Genetic MH - Schizophrenia/ge [Genetics] MH - Schizophrenia/me [Metabolism] MH - Schizophrenia/pp [Physiopathology] AB - The use of specific activators and inhibitors that penetrate the central nervous system has suggested an essential functional role of L-type calcium channels (LTCC) in several important physiological processes of the brain, including the modulation of the mesoaccumbal dopamine signalling pathway, synaptic transmission of auditory stimuli and synaptic plasticity of neutral and aversive learning and memory processes. However, the lack of selectivity of available pharmacological agents towards the most prominent LTCC isoforms in the brain, namely Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, has hampered the elucidation of the precise contribution made by each specific channel isoform within these specific physiological processes. Modern genetic approaches, both in rodents and in human, have recently enhanced our understanding of the selective functional roles of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels. In rodents, the characterisation of global and conditional isoform-specific knockouts suggests a contribution of Cav1.2 channels in spatial memory formation, whereas Cav1.3 channels seem to be involved in the consolidation of fear memories and in neurodegenerative mechanisms associated with the development of Parkinson's disease. With regard to the molecular mechanisms underlying drug addiction, Cav1.3 channels are necessary for the development and Cav1.2 channels for the expression of cocaine and amphetamine behavioural sensitisation. In humans, both the identification of naturally occurring LTCC variants ("channelopathies") and unbiased genome-wide association studies have linked LTCCs to working memory performance in healthy individuals and schizophrenic patients. Individually, CACNA1C polymorphisms and CACNA1D variants have been linked to a variety of psychiatric diseases and to congenital deafness, respectively. However, the contribution of individual LTCCs and their polymorphisms to human brain function and diseases remains unclear, necessitating the use of isoform-specific pharmacological agents. RN - 0 (Calcium Channels, L-Type) RN - 0 (L-type calcium channel alpha(1C)) RN - 0 (alpha1D (Cav1.3) L-type calcium channel, human) ES - 1432-0878 IL - 0302-766X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1936-3 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20140705 DP - 2014 Aug DC - 20140801 YR - 2014 ED - 20150330 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24996399 <57. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24146137 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Zimmer BA AU - Chiodo KA AU - Roberts DC FA - Zimmer, Benjamin A FA - Chiodo, Keri A FA - Roberts, David C S IN - Zimmer,Benjamin A. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center BLVD, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA, bzimmer@wakehealth.edu. TI - Reduction of the reinforcing effectiveness of cocaine by continuous D-amphetamine treatment in rats: importance of active self-administration during treatment period. CM - Comment in: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Jan;231(2):457-8; PMID: 24306281 SO - Psychopharmacology. 231(5):949-54, 2014 Mar. AS - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 231(5):949-54, 2014 Mar. NJ - Psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - qgi, 7608025 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS533684 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4327829 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Animals MH - *Cocaine/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] MH - *Dextroamphetamine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Drug Interactions MH - Male MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - *Reinforcement (Psychology) MH - Self Administration AB - RATIONALE: Continuous administration of D-amphetamine has shown promise as a treatment for psychostimulant addiction. In rodent studies, constant infusion of D-amphetamine (5 mg/kg/day) has been shown to reduce cocaine-reinforced responding in the dose range of 0.19-0.75 mg/kg/inf. AB - OBJECTIVES: The present study tested whether these effects were a reflection of pharmacological interactions between D-amphetamine and cocaine or if they resulted from associative learning mechanisms AB - METHODS: After stable progressive ratio (PR) baselines were established, rats were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic minipumps filled with either D-amphetamine (5 mg/kg/day-groups 1 and 2) or saline (group 3). During the treatment period, groups 1 and 3 self-administered cocaine at a dose that was previously shown to produce the most robust effects in combination with D-amphetamine treatment (0.19 mg/kg/inf), while group 2 received passive cocaine infusions. AB - RESULTS: In replication of previous studies, D-amphetamine treatment resulted in a significant (35 %) decrease in breakpoints relative to saline controls. By contrast, no reductions in breakpoints were observed in animals that received passive cocaine infusions during the treatment period (group 2). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Active self-administration of cocaine during the treatment period appears to be an important factor in reducing cocaine-reinforced breakpoints. These findings suggest learning mechanisms are involved in the therapeutic effects of continuous D-amphetamine, and pharmacological interaction mechanisms such as cross-tolerance cannot completely account for the observed decreases in cocaine seeking. RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) RN - TZ47U051FI (Dextroamphetamine) ES - 1432-2072 IL - 0033-3158 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3305-4 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - P50 DA006634 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P50 DA06634 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA014030 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA030161 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA14030 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20131022 DP - 2014 Mar DC - 20140213 YR - 2014 ED - 20150219 RD - 20150422 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24146137 <58. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25646124 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Jha N AU - Rathore DS AU - Shankar PR AU - Gyawali S AU - Alshakka M AU - Bhandary S FA - Jha, Nisha FA - Rathore, Devendra Singh FA - Shankar, P Ravi FA - Gyawali, Sudesh FA - Alshakka, Mohamed FA - Bhandary, Shital IN - Jha,Nisha. KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal. Rathore,Devendra Singh. L.R. Institute of Pharmacy, Solan, India. Shankar,P Ravi. Xavier University, School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba. Gyawali,Sudesh. Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Alshakka,Mohamed. University of Aden, Aden,Yemen. Bhandary,Shital. Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Nepal. TI - An educational intervention's effect on healthcare professionals' attitudes towards pharmacovigilance. SO - The Australasian Medical Journal. 7(12):478-89, 2014. AS - Australas Med J. 7(12):478-89, 2014. NJ - The Australasian medical journal PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101558564 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4286579 CP - Australia KW - Attitude; Nepal; consumer pharmacovigilance; healthcare professionals; pharmacovigilance AB - BACKGROUND: Pharmacovigilance concerns the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. Consumer pharmacovigilance is the involvement of consumers in adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. Assessing healthcare professionals' (HCPs) knowledge of and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance is integral to strengthening adverse drug reaction reporting systems. AB - AIMS: To study knowledge of and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance among HCPs from KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal, and to plan an appropriate educational intervention to address deficiencies noted. AB - METHOD: The study was conducted from February 2013 to December 2013 at KIST Medical College using a self-administered, pretested, structured questionnaire. The maximum possible scores for knowledge, attitude, and total were 100, 95, and 195, respectively. Baseline knowledge and attitude were studied. Two months after the questionnaire, an intervention that used a combination of methods about pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance was undertaken. Knowledge and attitudes were studied immediately after the intervention. Scores before and after the intervention were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. AB - RESULTS: A total of 105 HCPs participated. The median (interquartile range) knowledge, attitude, and total scores before the intervention were 56 (7), 72 (9), and 127 (16), respectively. After the intervention the scores increased significantly to 72 (8), 75 (11.5), and 146 (16.5) (p<0.001), respectively. AB - CONCLUSION: The intervention was effective in improving HCPs' knowledge of and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance. More studies on this topic among HCPs at other institutions and in the community are required. ES - 1836-1935 IL - 1836-1935 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2014.2235 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20141231 DP - 2014 DC - 20150203 YR - 2014 ED - 20150203 RD - 20150205 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25646124 <59. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24887094 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rolland B AU - Paille F AU - Fleury B AU - Cottencin O AU - Benyamina A AU - Aubin HJ FA - Rolland, Benjamin FA - Paille, Francois FA - Fleury, Benoit FA - Cottencin, Olivier FA - Benyamina, Amine FA - Aubin, Henri-Jean IN - Rolland,Benjamin. Societe Francaise d'Alcoologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Service d'Addictologie, CHU Lille, Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France. Paille,Francois. Societe Francaise d'Alcoologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Service d'Addictologie, CHU Nancy, Universite, Univ Nancy, Nancy, France. Fleury,Benoit. Societe Francaise d'Alcoologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Service d'Hepatogastroenterologie et d'Alcoologie, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. Cottencin,Olivier. Societe Francaise d'Alcoologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Service d'Addictologie, CHU Lille, Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France. Benyamina,Amine. Societe Francaise d'Alcoologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; CERTA L'Albatros, Hopital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, INSERM U 669, Villejuif, France. Aubin,Henri-Jean. Societe Francaise d'Alcoologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; CERTA L'Albatros, Hopital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, INSERM U 669, Villejuif, France. TI - Off-label baclofen prescribing practices among French alcohol specialists: results of a national online survey. SO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 9(6):e98062, 2014. AS - PLoS ONE. 9(6):e98062, 2014. NJ - PloS one PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101285081 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4041643 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Baclofen/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Baclofen/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Data Collection MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - *Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - France/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - *Internet MH - *Off-Label Use/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, among alcohol specialists belonging to the Societe Francaise d'Alcoologie (SFA), i.e., the French Alcohol Society, the proportion of physicians who prescribed off-label baclofen for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The secondary objective was to depict the features of individual prescribing and monitoring practices. AB - METHODS: On-line survey among 484 French alcohol specialists. Physicians were asked whether they prescribed baclofen for AUDs. If they did not, the reasons for this choice were investigated. If they did, the features of the physician's prescribing practice were explored, including the number of patients treated, the mean and maximum doses, the monitoring precautions and the pharmacovigilance reporting. Participants were also asked about their empirical findings on HDB's efficacy and safety. AB - RESULTS: In total, 302 physicians (response rate of 62.4%) participated in the survey. Data from 296 participants were analysed, representing 59.4% of all active prescribing physicians belonging to the SFA. HDB use was declared by 74.6% of participants (mean dose 109.5 +/- 43.6 mg/d; maximum dose 188 +/- 93.3 mg/d). However, 79.2% of prescribers had treated less than 30 patients, and 67.8% used HDB as a second-line medication. Although HDB was perceived as more efficacious than approved drugs by 54.3% of prescribers, it was also declared less safe by 62.8%. Nonetheless, 79.7% of prescribers had never filed any pharmacovigilance report. Non-prescribers (25.6%) were primarily deterred by the current lack of scientific data and official regulation. AB - CONCLUSION: A majority of French alcohol specialists reported using HDB, although often on a limited number of their patients. HDB was considered efficacious but also potentially hazardous. Despite this, physicians reported minimal safety data to the health security system. While French health authorities are planning to draft a specific regulatory measure for framing off-label HDB prescribing practices, the sustained education of prescribers on spontaneous pharmacovigilance reporting should be enhanced. RN - H789N3FKE8 (Baclofen) ES - 1932-6203 IL - 1932-6203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098062 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140602 DP - 2014 DC - 20140603 YR - 2014 ED - 20150128 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24887094 <60. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24856596 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Shen X AU - Bachyrycz A AU - Anderson JR AU - Tinker D AU - Raisch DW FA - Shen, Xian FA - Bachyrycz, Amy FA - Anderson, Joe R FA - Tinker, Dale FA - Raisch, Dennis W IN - Shen,Xian. University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131. draisch@salud.unm.edu. TI - Quitting patterns and predictors of success among participants in a tobacco cessation program provided by pharmacists in New Mexico. SO - Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 20(6):579-87, 2014 Jun. AS - J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 20(6):579-87, 2014 Jun. NJ - Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101644425 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Female MH - Health Services Accessibility MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - New Mexico/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - *Patient Compliance MH - *Pharmacists MH - Professional Role MH - Program Evaluation MH - Recurrence MH - Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Time Factors MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Young Adult AB - BACKGROUND: Tobacco use causes hundreds of thousands of deaths in the United States each year. Pharmacists are available in the community to provide tobacco cessation interventions. Between 2004 and 2010, the New Mexico Pharmaceutical Care Foundation (NMPCF) provided a pharmacist-led tobacco cessation program to residents in New Mexico. AB - OBJECTIVES: To (a) obtain point prevalence quit rates at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up for participants enrolled in the NMPCF program; (b) differentiate between the quitting patterns of enrolled participants; and (c) identify predictors associated with the quitting patterns. AB - METHODS: Seven-year data were combined for the pattern analysis. Four quitting patterns were defined, including immediate quitters, delayed quitters, once quitters, and never quitters. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify characteristics of participants with different quitting patterns. AB - RESULTS: The analysis included 1,437 participants. The average point prevalence quit rate at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months was 29.3%, 23.3%, and 18.0%, respectively. Based on our definition for quitting patterns, the study sample consisted of 145 (10.1%) immediate quitters, 113 (7.9%) delayed quitters, 298 (20.7%) once quitters, and 881 (61.3%) never quitters. Multinomial logistic regression identified associations between quitting patterns and demographics, tobacco use and restrictions, baseline confidence in successful quitting, and pharmacotherapy aids used to quit. Relationships varied between quitting patterns. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The study findings showed that having community pharmacists provide smoking cessation interventions resulted in quitting success rates similar to other health care professionals, which ranged from 9.9% to 26.0%. Since pharmacists are a widely available resource for their patients, managed care organizations may be able to improve the health, and avoid subsequent tobacco-related adverse health outcomes, of their members by implementing a program similar to the NMPCF Tobacco Cessation Program. ES - 2376-1032 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Jun DC - 20140526 YR - 2014 ED - 20150112 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24856596 <61. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24698083 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - Abstracts of the Papers Presented at the Health Services Research & Pharmacy Practice Conference, 3-4 April 2014, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. SO - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 22 Suppl 1:2-53, 2014 Apr. AS - Int J Pharm Pract. 22 Suppl 1:2-53, 2014 Apr. NJ - The International journal of pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9204243 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/td [Trends] MH - Pharmacists MH - Professional Role MH - *Public Health/td [Trends] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] ES - 2042-7174 IL - 0961-7671 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12101 PT - Congresses LG - English DP - 2014 Apr DC - 20140404 YR - 2014 ED - 20150112 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24698083 <62. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25565852 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Urbina O AU - Ferrandez O AU - Luque S AU - Grau S AU - Mojal S AU - Pellicer R AU - Riu M AU - Salas E AU - Comin-Colet J FA - Urbina, Olatz FA - Ferrandez, Olivia FA - Luque, Sonia FA - Grau, Santiago FA - Mojal, Sergi FA - Pellicer, Rosa FA - Riu, Marta FA - Salas, Esther FA - Comin-Colet, Josep IN - Urbina,Olatz. Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Ferrandez,Olivia. Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Luque,Sonia. Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Grau,Santiago. Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain ; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Mojal,Sergi. Department of Statistics, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain. Pellicer,Rosa. Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Riu,Marta. Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation, CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Salas,Esther. Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Comin-Colet,Josep. Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. TI - Patient risk factors for developing a drug-related problem in a cardiology ward. SO - Therapeutics & Clinical Risk Management. 11:9-15, 2015. AS - Ther Clin Risk Manag. 11:9-15, 2015. NJ - Therapeutics and clinical risk management PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101253281 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4275111 CP - New Zealand KW - cardiovascular diseases; clinical pharmacist; computerized provider order entry; drug therapy monitoring; patient safety; pharmacy warning system AB - BACKGROUND: Because of the high incidence of drug-related problems (DRPs) among hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases and their potential impact on morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify the most susceptible patients, who therefore require closer monitoring of drug therapy. AB - PURPOSE: To identify the profile of patients at higher risk of developing at least one DRP during hospitalization in a cardiology ward. AB - METHOD: We consecutively included all patients hospitalized in the cardiology ward of a teaching hospital in 2009. DRPs were identified through a computerized warning system designed by the pharmacy department and integrated into the electronic medical record. AB - RESULTS: A total of 964 admissions were included, and at least one DRP was detected in 29.8%. The variables associated with a higher risk of these events were polypharmacy (odds ratio [OR]=1.228; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.153-1.308), female sex (OR=1.496; 95% CI=1.026-2.180), and first admission (OR=1.494; 95% CI=1.005-2.221). AB - CONCLUSION: Monitoring patients through a computerized warning system allowed the detection of at least one DRP in one-third of the patients. Knowledge of the risk factors for developing these problems in patients admitted to hospital for cardiovascular problems helps in identifying the most susceptible patients. IS - 1176-6336 IL - 1176-6336 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S71749 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20141217 DP - 2015 DC - 20150108 YR - 2015 ED - 20150108 RD - 20150113 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25565852 <63. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25558451 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Ajagannanavar SL AU - Shamarao S AU - Battur H AU - Tikare S AU - Al-Kheraif AA AU - Al Sayed MS FA - Ajagannanavar, Sunil Lingaraj FA - Shamarao, Supreetha FA - Battur, Hemant FA - Tikare, Shreyas FA - Al-Kheraif, Abdulaziz Abdullah FA - Al Sayed, Mohammed Sayed Al Esawy IN - Ajagannanavar,Sunil Lingaraj. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kurunji Venkatramana Gowda Dental College and Hospital, Kurunjibhag, Sullia, India. Shamarao,Supreetha. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Maggula, Virajpet Karnataka, India. Battur,Hemant. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kurunji Venkatramana Gowda Dental College and Hospital, Kurunjibhag, Sullia, India. Tikare,Shreyas. Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Dental Public Health, King Khalid University, College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Al-Kheraif,Abdulaziz Abdullah. Department of Dental Health, Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Al Sayed,Mohammed Sayed Al Esawy. College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. TI - Effect of aqueous and alcoholic Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) extracts against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine: An in vitro study. SO - Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. 4(Suppl 2):S116-21, 2014 Dec. AS - J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent.. 4(Suppl 2):S116-21, 2014 Dec. NJ - Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101618802 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4278103 CP - India KW - Chlorhexidine; Stevia; Stevia rebaudiana AB - INTRODUCTION: Stevia (S. rebaudiana) a herb which has medicinal value and was used in ancient times as a remedy for a great diversity of ailments and sweetener. Leaves of Stevia contain a high concentration of Stevioside and Rebaudioside which are supposed to be sweetening agents. AB - AIM: To compare the efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic S. rebaudiana extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first part of the study, various concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic Stevia extract were prepared in the laboratory of Pharmacy College. It was then subjected to microbiological assay to determine its zone of inhibition using Agar disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using serial broth dilution method against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Chlorhexidine was used as a positive control. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used for multiple group comparisons followed by Tukey post hoc for group wise comparisons. AB - RESULTS: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous and ethnolic Stevia extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus were 25% and 12.5% respectively. Mean zone of inhibition of the aqueous and alcoholic Stevia extracts against Streptococcus mutans at 48 hours were 22.8 mm and 26.7 mm respectively. Mean zone of inhibition of the aqueous and alcoholic Stevia extracts against Lactobacillus acidophilus at 48 hours were 14.4 mm and 15.1 mm respectively. Mean zone of inhibition of the chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 48 hours was 20.5 and 13.2 respectively. AB - CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect shown by alcoholic Stevia extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus was superior when compared with that of aqueous form and was inferior when compared with Chlorhexidine. IS - 2231-0762 IL - 2231-0762 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.146215 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Dec DC - 20150105 YR - 2014 ED - 20150105 RD - 20150113 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25558451 <64. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23822820 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jaffray M AU - Matheson C AU - Bond CM AU - Lee AJ AU - McLernon DJ AU - Johnstone A AU - Skea L AU - Davidson B FA - Jaffray, Mariesha FA - Matheson, Catriona FA - Bond, Christine M FA - Lee, Amanda J FA - McLernon, David J FA - Johnstone, Allan FA - Skea, Lucy FA - Davidson, Bruce IN - Jaffray,Mariesha. Division of Applied Medicine (Psychiatry), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. TI - Does training in motivational interviewing for community pharmacists improve outcomes for methadone patients? A cluster randomised controlled trial. SO - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 22(1):4-12, 2014 Feb. AS - Int J Pharm Pract. 22(1):4-12, 2014 Feb. NJ - The International journal of pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9204243 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - *Heroin Dependence/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Heroin Dependence/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Motivational Interviewing MH - Opiate Substitution Treatment MH - Patient Compliance MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - Young Adult KW - drug misuse; methadone; motivational interviewing; pharmacy AB - OBJECTIVES: Feasibility of pharmacist delivered motivational interviewing (MI) to methadone patients has been demonstrated, but its efficacy is untested. This study aimed to determine whether pharmacists trained in MI techniques can improve methadone outcomes. AB - METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial by pharmacy, with community pharmacies across Scotland providing supervised methadone to >10 daily patients, aged >18 years, started on methadone <24 months. Pharmacies were randomised to intervention or control. Intervention pharmacists received MI training and a resource pack. Control pharmacists continued with normal practice. Primary outcome was illicit heroin use. Secondary outcomes were treatment retention, substance use, injecting behaviour, psychological/physical health, treatment satisfaction and patient feedback. Data were collected via structured interviews at baseline and 6 months. AB - KEY FINDINGS: Seventy-six pharmacies recruited 542 patients (295 intervention, 247 control), mean age 32 years; 64% male; 91% unemployed; mean treatment length 9 months. No significant difference in outcomes between groups for illicit heroin use (32.4% cf. 31.4%), although within-groups use reduced (P < 0.001); treatment retention was higher in the intervention group but not significantly (88% cf. 81%; P = 0.34); no significant difference between groups in treatment satisfaction, although this improved significantly in intervention (P < 0.05). More intervention than control patients said pharmacists had 'spoken more,' which approached statistical significance (P = 0.06), and more intervention patients found this useful (P < 0.05). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Limited intervention delivery may have reduced study power. The intervention did not significantly reduce heroin use, but there are indications of positive benefits from increased communication and treatment satisfaction.Copyright © 2013 Royal Pharmaceutical Society. RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) ES - 2042-7174 IL - 0961-7671 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12049 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - (United Kingdom Chief Scientist Office) LG - English EP - 20130703 DP - 2014 Feb DC - 20140110 YR - 2014 ED - 20150102 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23822820 <65. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24894741 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Saba M AU - Dan E AU - Bittoun R AU - Saini B FA - Saba, Maya FA - Dan, Emil FA - Bittoun, Renee FA - Saini, Bandana IN - Saba,Maya. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia . TI - Asthma and smoking--healthcare needs and preferences of adults with asthma who smoke. SO - Journal of Asthma. 51(9):934-42, 2014 Nov. AS - J Asthma. 51(9):934-42, 2014 Nov. NJ - The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - hf7, 8106454 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Asthma/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Attitude to Health MH - Australia/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Motivation MH - Perception MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking Cessation/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - Young Adult KW - Asthma; dependence; healthcare professional; needs; preferences; smoking; smoking cessation AB - OBJECTIVE: People with asthma smoke at least as much as, if not more than, people without asthma. The aim of this study was to explore the unique healthcare needs and preferences of smokers with asthma, in terms of smoking topography and initiation, perceived interplay between asthma and smoking, motivation and readiness to quit, and proposed smoking cessation techniques. AB - METHODS: Qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews with adult smokers who have concurrent asthma were conducted. Participants were recruited through flyers displayed at community pharmacies, general practice surgeries, university campuses, and respiratory clinics of tertiary hospitals and through an advertisement on the "Asthma Foundation" website. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using NVivo 10 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia). Obtained data were content-analysed for emergent themes using the 'framework approach'. AB - RESULTS: Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted. Most participants believed that smoking often worsens their asthma and increases the frequency and severity of their symptoms. Fear of asthma-related exacerbations and poor self-control appeared to be the major triggers for quitting smoking. Most patients reported being motivated to quit smoking; however, in many cases, determination and strong will power need to be coupled with public, social, professional, and therapeutic support to achieve and maintain success. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Given the unique needs of people with asthma who smoke, it is imperative that evidence-based smoking cessation programs be designed and tailored to assist them in effectively quitting smoking. ES - 1532-4303 IL - 0277-0903 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2014.930481 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20140627 DP - 2014 Nov DC - 20141020 YR - 2014 ED - 20141222 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24894741 <66. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24766759 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Knudsen HK AU - Roman PM FA - Knudsen, Hannah K FA - Roman, Paul M IN - Knudsen,Hannah K. Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Roman,Paul M. Owens Institute for Behavioral Research and Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. TI - Dissemination, adoption, and implementation of acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders. SO - Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs. 75(3):467-75, 2014 May. AS - J Stud Alcohol. 75(3):467-75, 2014 May. NJ - Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - k76, 101295847 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4002860 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Alcohol Deterrents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Alcohol-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Alcohol-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Alcohol-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Health Plan Implementation/td [Trends] MH - Health Plan Implementation/ut [Utilization] MH - Humans MH - *Information Dissemination MH - *Taurine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Taurine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Treatment Outcome MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration/td [Trends] AB - OBJECTIVE: Acamprosate has been available in the United States for treating alcohol use disorders (AUDs) for nearly a decade, yet few studies have examined its use within AUD treatment organizations. In addition to describing dissemination and adoption of acamprosate, this study provides novel data regarding organizational processes that underlie its implementation within adopting programs. AB - METHOD: Data were drawn from interviews with leaders of a nationally representative sample of 307 organizations delivering AUD treatment. Quantitative indicators of organizational characteristics, dissemination, adoption, and implementation of acamprosate, as well as qualitative measures of implementation processes, were measured during face-to-face interviews. AB - RESULTS: Only 18.0% (n = 55) of sampled organizations had adopted acamprosate for treating AUDs, and adoption was positively associated with accreditation, having a physician on staff, receiving information about acamprosate via pharmaceutical representatives, and learning about this medication from other treatment providers. Within adopting programs, an average of 6.0% of AUD patients were currently receiving acamprosate. Numerous implementation challenges were identified, including appropriate patient selection, patient reluctance to be prescribed acamprosate, suboptimal adherence, its costs, and limited counselor training. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The limited adoption and implementation of acamprosate likely limits the potential public health impact of this adjunct to AUD treatment. Research integrating the perspectives of organizational leaders, medical professionals, and patients is needed to determine whether specific strategies can address the implementation challenges identified in the current study and increase use of acamprosate in specialty AUD treatment settings. RN - 0 (Alcohol Deterrents) RN - 1EQV5MLY3D (Taurine) RN - N4K14YGM3J (acamprosate) ES - 1938-4114 IL - 1937-1888 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - R01 AA015974 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R01AA015974 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2014 May DC - 20140428 YR - 2014 ED - 20141215 RD - 20150806 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24766759 <67. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24698522 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jia HZ AU - Zhu JY AU - Wang XL AU - Cheng H AU - Chen G AU - Zhao YF AU - Zeng X AU - Feng J AU - Zhang XZ AU - Zhuo RX FA - Jia, Hui-zhen FA - Zhu, Jun-yi FA - Wang, Xu-li FA - Cheng, Han FA - Chen, Gang FA - Zhao, Yi-fang FA - Zeng, Xuan FA - Feng, Jun FA - Zhang, Xian-zheng FA - Zhuo, Ren-xi IN - Jia,Hui-zhen. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Zhu,Jun-yi. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Wang,Xu-li. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. Cheng,Han. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Chen,Gang. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Zhao,Yi-fang. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Zeng,Xuan. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Feng,Jun. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Electronic address: fengjun@whu.edu.cn. Zhang,Xian-zheng. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Zhuo,Ren-xi. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. TI - A boronate-linked linear-hyperbranched polymeric nanovehicle for pH-dependent tumor-targeted drug delivery. SO - Biomaterials. 35(19):5240-9, 2014 Jun. AS - Biomaterials. 35(19):5240-9, 2014 Jun. NJ - Biomaterials PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - a4p, 8100316 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Animals MH - Antineoplastic Agents/ch [Chemistry] MH - Boronic Acids/ch [Chemistry] MH - *Drug Carriers/ch [Chemistry] MH - Drug Delivery Systems/mt [Methods] MH - HeLa Cells MH - Humans MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mice, Nude MH - Polycarboxylate Cement/ch [Chemistry] MH - *Polymers/ch [Chemistry] KW - Boronate linkage; Dual-controlled drug delivery; Nanoassembly; Passive tumor targeting; pH-sensitivity AB - Advanced drug delivery systems, which possess post-functionalization feasibility to achieve targetability and traceability, favorable pharmacokinetics with dynamic but controllable stability, and preferable tumor accumulation with prolonged drug residence in disease sites, represent ideal nanomedicine paradigm for tumor therapy. To address this challenge, here we reported a dynamic module-assembly strategy based on reversible boronic acid/1,3-diol bioorthogonality. As a prototype, metastable hybrid nanoself-assembly between hydrophobic hyperbranched diol-enriched polycarbonate (HP-OH) and hydrophilic linear PEG terminated with phenylboronic acid (mPEG-PBA) is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The nanoconstruction maintained excellent stability with little leakage of loaded drugs under the simulated physiological conditions. Such a stable nanostructure enabled the effective in vivo tumor accumulation in tumor site as revealed by NIR imaging technique. More importantly, this nanoconstruction presented a pH-labile destruction profile in response to acidic microenvironment and simultaneously the fast liberation of loaded drugs. Accordingly at the cellular level, the intracellular structural dissociation was also proved in terms of the strong acidity in late endosome/lysosome, thus favoring the prolonged retention of remaining drug-loaded HP-OH aggregates within tumor cells. Hence, our delicate design open up a dynamical module-assembly path to develop site and time dual-controlled nanotherapeutics for tumor chemotherapy, allowing enhanced tumor selectivity through prolonged retention of delivery system in tumor cells followed by a timely drug release pattern.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) RN - 0 (Boronic Acids) RN - 0 (Drug Carriers) RN - 0 (Polycarboxylate Cement) RN - 0 (Polymers) RN - 25766-59-0 (polycarbonate) RN - L12H7B02G5 (benzeneboronic acid) ES - 1878-5905 IL - 0142-9612 DI - S0142-9612(14)00264-6 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.029 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140331 DP - 2014 Jun DC - 20140415 YR - 2014 ED - 20141210 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24698522 <68. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24549734 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Guo H AU - Zhang D AU - Li T AU - Li C AU - Guo Y AU - Liu G AU - Hao L AU - Shen J AU - Qi L AU - Liu X AU - Luan J AU - Zhang Q FA - Guo, Hejian FA - Zhang, Dianrui FA - Li, Tingting FA - Li, Caiyun FA - Guo, Yuanyuan FA - Liu, Guangpu FA - Hao, Leilei FA - Shen, Jingyi FA - Qi, Lisi FA - Liu, Xinquan FA - Luan, Jingjing FA - Zhang, Qiang IN - Guo,Hejian. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic China. TI - In vitro and in vivo study of Gal-OS self-assembled nanoparticles for liver-targeting delivery of doxorubicin. SO - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 103(3):987-93, 2014 Mar. AS - J Pharm Sci. 103(3):987-93, 2014 Mar. NJ - Journal of pharmaceutical sciences PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - jo7, 2985195r SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - *Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/ch [Chemistry] MH - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/me [Metabolism] MH - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Chitosan/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Chitosan/ch [Chemistry] MH - *Doxorubicin/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Doxorubicin/ch [Chemistry] MH - Doxorubicin/me [Metabolism] MH - Doxorubicin/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Drug Carriers/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Drug Carriers/ch [Chemistry] MH - Drug Compounding MH - *Galactose/ch [Chemistry] MH - Glycosylation MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - *Liver/me [Metabolism] MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred Strains MH - Myocardium/me [Metabolism] MH - *Nanoparticles/ch [Chemistry] MH - Nanoparticles/ul [Ultrastructure] MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Solubility MH - Spleen/me [Metabolism] MH - *Stearates/ch [Chemistry] MH - Stearic Acids/ch [Chemistry] MH - Tissue Distribution KW - Drug delivery systems; Drug targeting; Nanoparticles; O-carboxymethyl chitosan; Pharmacodynamics; doxorubicin; liver targeting; pharmacokinetics; tissue distribution AB - A liver-targeting drug delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX), that is, DOX-loaded self-assembled nanoparticles based on galactosylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-stearic acid conjugates (Gal-OS/DOX), has been prepared. The objective of the present study was to investigate the preparation, in vitro release, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of Gal-OS/DOX nanoparticles. The drug-loaded nanoparticles were spherical in shape with mean size of 181.9 nm. In vitro release profiles indicated that the release of DOX from Gal-OS/DOX nanoparticles behaved with a sustained and pH-dependent drug release. Pharmacokinetics study revealed Gal-OS/DOX nanoparticles exhibited a higher AUC value and a prolonged residence time of drug in the blood circulation than those of DOX solution. Furthermore, Gal-OS/DOX nanoparticles increased the uptake of DOX in liver and spleen, but decreased uptake in heart, lung, and kidney in the tissue distribution study. These results suggested that the Gal-OS/DOX nanoparticles could prolong blood circulation time, enhance the liver accumulation, and reduce the side effect especially the cardiotoxicity of DOX. In conclusion, Gal-OS/DOX nanoparticles could be a promising drug delivery system for liver cancer therapy.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association. RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Antineoplastic) RN - 0 (Drug Carriers) RN - 0 (O-carboxymethylchitosan) RN - 0 (Stearates) RN - 0 (Stearic Acids) RN - 4ELV7Z65AP (stearic acid) RN - 80168379AG (Doxorubicin) RN - 9012-76-4 (Chitosan) RN - X2RN3Q8DNE (Galactose) ES - 1520-6017 IL - 0022-3549 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.23875 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140124 DP - 2014 Mar DC - 20140219 YR - 2014 ED - 20141125 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24549734 <69. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24622524 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Murphy SA FA - Murphy, Shirley A IN - Murphy,Shirley A. University of Washington, Seattle. TI - Interdisciplinary education in the addictions: a commentary on the current status. SO - Journal of Addictions Nursing. 24(1):4-7, 2013 Jan-Mar. AS - J ADDICT NURS. 24(1):4-7, 2013 Jan-Mar. NJ - Journal of addictions nursing PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9616159 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - United States MH - *Education, Professional/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Interdisciplinary Studies MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - Patient Care Team MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - Educating doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists, and social workers in a shared, patient-centered curriculum, let alone in the same classrooms and clinics, would appear impractical at best and as an insurmountable task at worst. Nonetheless, this novel idea is being implemented. This article traces the concept's development. The proceedings of three national conferences held in 2010 and 2011 are briefly summarized. Several model programs are described. Interdisciplinary education in the addictions is in the early phases. Alternative and complementary forms of health care show less progress in interprofessional education. Two concerns are noted. These pertain to the timing of implementation and budget considerations. ES - 1548-7148 IL - 1088-4602 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0b013e31828767b7 PT - Editorial LG - English DP - 2013 Jan-Mar DC - 20140313 YR - 2013 ED - 20141124 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24622524 <70. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24310525 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Volger EJ AU - McLendon AN AU - Fuller SH AU - Herring CT FA - Volger, Emily J FA - McLendon, Amber N FA - Fuller, Stephen H FA - Herring, Charles T IN - Volger,Emily J. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shenandoah University, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Winchester, VA, USA. TI - Prevalence of self-reported nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in North Carolina Doctor of Pharmacy students. SO - Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 27(2):158-68, 2014 Apr. AS - J Pharm Pract. 27(2):158-68, 2014 Apr. NJ - Journal of pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8900945 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/td [Trends] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Graduate MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - North Carolina/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Prescription Drug Misuse/td [Trends] MH - *Prescription Drug Misuse MH - Prevalence MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - *Self Report MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Young Adult KW - misuse; pharmacy; prescription; stimulant; student; study drug AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and opinions regarding nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) in Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students. AB - METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed to professional year 1 through 4 for students at 2 schools of pharmacy (public and private) in North Carolina. The survey was available for 3 weeks. Descriptive statistics (proportion of responders plus 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were used to describe the primary objective. AB - RESULTS: Of the 1043 surveys distributed, 407 were completed giving a 39% response rate. The results indicated that 9% (95% CI: 6.44-11.93) of PharmD students acknowledge NMUPS at least once during their pharmacy education. Additionally, 3% (95% CI: 1.90-5.45) acknowledge NMUPS at least once during the current pharmacy school year (past 5 months). Nonmedical prescription stimulant users were 9 times more likely to participate in NMUPS prior to pharmacy school (P < .0001) and 4.5 times more likely to use other illicit substances (P = .0076). AB - CONCLUSION: The study identified the PharmD student population as high risk of abuse of prescription drug stimulants, which requires further research and attention. Additionally, there was a clear upward trend in the prevalence of NMUPS, and this misuse was associated with other detrimental behaviors. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) ES - 1531-1937 IL - 0897-1900 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013508139 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20131205 DP - 2014 Apr DC - 20140320 YR - 2014 ED - 20141121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24310525 <71. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24672072 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Neville MW FA - Neville, Michael W IN - Neville,Michael W. College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. TI - Pharmacy students' attitudes about treating patients with alcohol addiction after attending a required mutual support group. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 78(2):39, 2014 Mar 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 78(2):39, 2014 Mar 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3965147 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Alcoholism MH - Behavior, Addictive MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - *Empathy MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Self-Help Groups MH - *Students, Pharmacy KW - Alcoholics Anonymous; Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire; skills laboratory; substance abuse AB - OBJECTIVE: To implement required attendance at mutual support groups for addiction recovery as a pharmacy skills laboratory exercise, and to evaluate how attendance affected pharmacy students' attitudes about caring for patients with addiction. AB - DESIGN: Third-year (P3) pharmacy students enrolled in a Pharmacy Skills Laboratory course were required to watch an introductory video about Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and then attend 2 "open meetings" during the semester. Students submitted a written reflection as proof of attendance. AB - ASSESSMENT: Pharmacy students who agreed to participate in the study completed the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ) during the course orientation and again at the end of the semester. Mutual support group attendance significantly affected the students' attitudes within the domains of role adequacy, task specific self-esteem, and work satisfaction. Significant changes were not observed within the domains of motivation and role legitimacy. AB - CONCLUSION: Mutual support group attendance exposed pharmacy students to the negative effects of alcohol abuse and increased their self-confidence to provide care to patients with alcohol addiction. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe78239 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Mar 12 DC - 20140327 YR - 2014 ED - 20141117 RD - 20150514 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24672072 <72. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24672063 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Oliver W AU - McGuffey G AU - Westrick SC AU - Jungnickel PW AU - Correia CJ FA - Oliver, Wesley FA - McGuffey, Grant FA - Westrick, Salisa C FA - Jungnickel, Paul W FA - Correia, Christopher J IN - Oliver,Wesley. Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. McGuffey,Grant. Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Westrick,Salisa C. Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Jungnickel,Paul W. Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Correia,Christopher J. Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. TI - Alcohol use behaviors among pharmacy students. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 78(2):30, 2014 Mar 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 78(2):30, 2014 Mar 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3965138 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcohols/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Young Adult KW - alcohol abuse; drinking; pharmacy students; substance abuse AB - OBJECTIVE: To identify reasons for drinking, determine the patterns of alcohol abuse, and explore relationships between drinking motives and alcohol abuse patterns in pharmacy students. AB - METHODS: A cross-sectional anonymous, voluntary, self-administered paper survey instrument was administered to first-year (P1) through third-year (P3) pharmacy students as part of a professional seminar. AB - RESULTS: Survey instruments were completed by 349 pharmacy students (95.9% cooperation rate). Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test criteria, 23.2% of students reported hazardous or harmful use and 67.2% of students reported consuming alcohol at hazardous levels during the past year. Students who were male (37.0%), single (25.3%), and attended the main campus (26.2%) were more likely than their counterparts to report hazardous or harmful alcohol use. Pharmacy students reported social motives as the most common reason for drinking; however, coping and enhancement motives were more predictive of harmful or hazardous alcohol use. AB - CONCLUSION: Approximately 1 in 4 pharmacy students (23%) reported hazardous or harmful alcohol use. Education about the dangers of alcohol abuse and intervention programs from colleges and schools of pharmacy are recommended to help address this issue. RN - 0 (Alcohols) ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe78230 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Mar 12 DC - 20140327 YR - 2014 ED - 20141117 RD - 20150514 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24672063 <73. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23419050 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kassam R AU - Kwong M AU - Collins JB FA - Kassam, Rosemin FA - Kwong, Mona FA - Collins, John B IN - Kassam,Rosemin. Structured Practice Education Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. TI - Promoting direct patient care services at community pharmacies through advanced pharmacy practice experiences. SO - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 21(6):368-77, 2013 Dec. AS - Int J Pharm Pract. 21(6):368-77, 2013 Dec. NJ - The International journal of pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9204243 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Patient Care MH - Program Development KW - advanced pharmacy practice experience; community pharmacy; direct patient care; experiential learning; pharmaceutical care AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative benefits of three different models of advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in successfully integrating the delivery of direct patient care into students' final year community pharmacy clerkships. AB - METHODS: All fourth-year pharmacy students at the University of British Columbia were divided into one of three study arms for their community APPE: a 2x4-week rotation in a traditional format, a 1x8-week rotation where their preceptors had experienced a 2-day education course and a 1x8-week rotation with both preceptor education plus a 5-day pre-APPE in-store orientation and peer debriefing. AB - KEY FINDINGS: All 123 students conducted patient consultations and documented their care. Students in the pre-APPE+preceptor education arm provided nearly double the number of direct patient consultations than did students in the preceptor-education-only arm or the traditional 2x4-week arm. Numbers of drug-related problems identified and interventions performed per patient consult did not differ across study arms. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pre-APPE orientation activities provided an enhanced learning environment, promoted greater student engagement, provided care to more patients, increased preceptor preparedness and enhanced in-store patient-centred care practice. Certain of these learning activities can also form part of third- and fourth-year introductory pharmacy practice experiences to prepare students for their final-year APPE.Copyright © 2013 Royal Pharmaceutical Society. ES - 2042-7174 IL - 0961-7671 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12016 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130120 DP - 2013 Dec DC - 20131105 YR - 2013 ED - 20141115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23419050 <74. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24523396 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bailey AM AU - Wermeling DP FA - Bailey, Abby M FA - Wermeling, Daniel P IN - Bailey,Abby M. University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA. TI - Naloxone for opioid overdose prevention: pharmacists' role in community-based practice settings. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 48(5):601-6, 2014 May. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 48(5):601-6, 2014 May. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bbx, 9203131 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS669667 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4361936 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Ambulatory Care Facilities/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/po [Poisoning] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Drug Overdose/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - *Naloxone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Professional Role KW - antidote; intranasal; naloxone; opioids; overdose AB - BACKGROUND: Deaths related to opioid overdose have increased in the past decade. Community-based pharmacy practitioners have worked toward overcoming logistic and cultural barriers to make naloxone distribution for overdose prevention a standard and accepted practice. AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe outpatient naloxone dispensing practices, including methods by which practitioners implement dispensing programs, prescribing patterns that include targeted patient populations, barriers to successful implementation, and methods for patient education. AB - METHODS: Interviews were conducted with providers to obtain insight into the practice of dispensing naloxone. Practitioners were based in community pharmacies or clinics in large metropolitan cities across the country. AB - RESULTS: It was found that 33% of participating pharmacists practice in a community-pharmacy setting, and 67% practice within an outpatient clinic-based location. Dispensing naloxone begins by identifying patient groups that would benefit from access to the antidote. These include licit users of high-dose prescription opioids (50%) or injection drug users and abusers of prescription medications (83%). Patients were identified through prescription records or provider screening tools. Dispensing naloxone required a provider's prescription in 5 of the 6 locations identified. Only 1 pharmacy was able to exercise pharmacist prescriptive authority within their practice. AB - CONCLUSION: Outpatient administration of intramuscular and intranasal naloxone represents a means of preventing opioid-related deaths. Pharmacists can play a vital role in contacting providers, provision of products, education of patients and providers, and dissemination of information throughout the community. Preventing opioid overdose-related deaths should become a major focus of the pharmacy profession. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone) ES - 1542-6270 IL - 1060-0280 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028014523730 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 4R42DA030001-02 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - UL1 TR000117 (United States NCATS NIH HHS) NO - UL1TR000117 (United States NCATS NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20140212 DP - 2014 May DC - 20140415 YR - 2014 ED - 20141113 RD - 20150515 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24523396 <75. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24606831 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hildt E AU - Lieb K AU - Franke AG FA - Hildt, Elisabeth FA - Lieb, Klaus FA - Franke, Andreas Gunter IN - Hildt,Elisabeth. Department of Philosophy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Jakob Welder-Weg 18, D - 55099 Mainz, Germany. hildt@uni-mainz.de. TI - Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students--a qualitative approach. SO - BMC Medical Ethics. 15:23, 2014. AS - BMC Med Ethics. 15:23, 2014. NJ - BMC medical ethics PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101088680 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3973848 SB - Bioethics Journals SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Amphetamines/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Cognition/de [Drug Effects] MH - Educational Status MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Methylphenidate/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Motivation MH - Nootropic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Nootropic Agents MH - Qualitative Research MH - Students/px [Psychology] MH - *Students MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Universities AB - BACKGROUND: Academic performance enhancement or cognitive enhancement (CE) via stimulant drug use has received increasing attention. The question remains, however, whether CE solely represents the use of drugs for achieving better academic or workplace results or whether CE also serves various other purposes. The aim of this study was to put the phenomenon of pharmacological academic performance enhancement via prescription and illicit (psycho-) stimulant use (Amphetamines, Methylphenidate) among university students into a broader context. Specifically, we wanted to further understand students' experiences, the effects of use on students and other factors, such as pressure to perform in their academic and private lives. AB - METHODS: A sample of 18 healthy university students reporting the non-medical use of prescription and illicit stimulants for academic performance enhancement was interviewed in a face-to-face setting. The leading questions were related to the situations and context in which the students considered the non-medical use of stimulants. AB - RESULTS: Based on the resultant transcript, two independent raters identified six categories relating to the life context of stimulant use for academic performance enhancement: Context of stimulant use beyond academic performance enhancement, Subjective experience of enhancement, Timing of consumption, Objective academic results, Side effects, Pressure to perform. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The answers reveal that academic performance enhancement through the use of stimulants is not an isolated phenomenon that solely aims at enhancing cognition to achieve better academic results but that the multifaceted life context in which it is embedded is of crucial relevance. The participants not only considered the stimulants advantageous for enhancing academic performance, but also for leading an active life with a suitable balance between studying and time off. The most common reasons given for stimulant use were to maximize time, to increase motivation and to cope with memorizing. According to the interviews, there is a considerable discrepancy between subjective experiences and objective academic results achieved. RN - 0 (Amphetamines) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Nootropic Agents) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) ES - 1472-6939 IL - 1472-6939 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-15-23 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140307 DP - 2014 DC - 20140314 YR - 2014 ED - 20141104 RD - 20150515 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24606831 <76. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24618831 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Shakeshaft A AU - Doran C AU - Petrie D AU - Breen C AU - Havard A AU - Abudeen A AU - Harwood E AU - Clifford A AU - D'Este C AU - Gilmour S AU - Sanson-Fisher R FA - Shakeshaft, Anthony FA - Doran, Christopher FA - Petrie, Dennis FA - Breen, Courtney FA - Havard, Alys FA - Abudeen, Ansari FA - Harwood, Elissa FA - Clifford, Anton FA - D'Este, Catherine FA - Gilmour, Stuart FA - Sanson-Fisher, Rob IN - Shakeshaft,Anthony. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW (University of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Doran,Christopher. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW (University of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. Petrie,Dennis. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Breen,Courtney. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW (University of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Havard,Alys. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW (University of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Abudeen,Ansari. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW (University of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Harwood,Elissa. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW (University of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Clifford,Anton. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW (University of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Urban Indigenous Health, Bowen Hills, Queensland, Australia. D'Este,Catherine. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Gilmour,Stuart. Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Sanson-Fisher,Rob. Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. TI - The effectiveness of community action in reducing risky alcohol consumption and harm: a cluster randomised controlled trial. SO - PLoS Medicine / Public Library of Science. 11(3):e1001617, 2014 Mar. AS - PLoS Med. 11(3):e1001617, 2014 Mar. NJ - PLoS medicine PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101231360 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3949675 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Australia MH - *Consumer Participation MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Risk Reduction Behavior MH - Self Report MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult AB - BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization, governments, and communities agree that community action is likely to reduce risky alcohol consumption and harm. Despite this agreement, there is little rigorous evidence that community action is effective: of the six randomised trials of community action published to date, all were US-based and focused on young people (rather than the whole community), and their outcomes were limited to self-report or alcohol purchase attempts. The objective of this study was to conduct the first non-US randomised controlled trial (RCT) of community action to quantify the effectiveness of this approach in reducing risky alcohol consumption and harms measured using both self-report and routinely collected data. AB - METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a cluster RCT comprising 20 communities in Australia that had populations of 5,000-20,000, were at least 100 km from an urban centre (population > 100,000), and were not involved in another community alcohol project. Communities were pair-matched, and one member of each pair was randomly allocated to the experimental group. Thirteen interventions were implemented in the experimental communities from 2005 to 2009: community engagement; general practitioner training in alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI); feedback to key stakeholders; media campaign; workplace policies/practices training; school-based intervention; general practitioner feedback on their prescribing of alcohol medications; community pharmacy-based SBI; web-based SBI; Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services support for SBI; Good Sports program for sports clubs; identifying and targeting high-risk weekends; and hospital emergency department-based SBI. Primary outcomes based on routinely collected data were alcohol-related crime, traffic crashes, and hospital inpatient admissions. Routinely collected data for the entire study period (2001-2009) were obtained in 2010. Secondary outcomes based on pre- and post-intervention surveys (n = 2,977 and 2,255, respectively) were the following: long-term risky drinking, short-term high-risk drinking, short-term risky drinking, weekly consumption, hazardous/harmful alcohol use, and experience of alcohol harm. At the 5% level of statistical significance, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that the interventions were effective in the experimental, relative to control, communities for alcohol-related crime, traffic crashes, and hospital inpatient admissions, and for rates of risky alcohol consumption and hazardous/harmful alcohol use. Although respondents in the experimental communities reported statistically significantly lower average weekly consumption (1.90 fewer standard drinks per week, 95% CI = -3.37 to -0.43, p = 0.01) and less alcohol-related verbal abuse (odds ratio = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.96, p = 0.04) post-intervention, the low survey response rates (40% and 24% for the pre- and post-intervention surveys, respectively) require conservative interpretation. The main limitations of this study are as follows: (1) that the study may have been under-powered to detect differences in routinely collected data outcomes as statistically significant, and (2) the low survey response rates. AB - CONCLUSIONS: This RCT provides little evidence that community action significantly reduces risky alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms, other than potential reductions in self-reported average weekly consumption and experience of alcohol-related verbal abuse. Complementary legislative action may be required to more effectively reduce alcohol harms. AB - TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12607000123448. ES - 1549-1676 IL - 1549-1277 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001617 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SI - ANZCTR SA - ANZCTR/ACTRN12607000123448 LG - English EP - 20140311 DP - 2014 Mar DC - 20140312 YR - 2014 ED - 20141103 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24618831 <77. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24487348 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Magrys SA AU - Olmstead MC FA - Magrys, S A FA - Olmstead, M C IN - Magrys,S A. Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Electronic address: 7sm47@queensu.ca. Olmstead,M C. Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Electronic address: olmstead@queensu.ca. TI - Alcohol intoxication alters cognitive skills mediated by frontal and temporal brain regions. SO - Brain & Cognition. 85:271-6, 2014 Mar. AS - Brain Cogn. 85:271-6, 2014 Mar. NJ - Brain and cognition PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - am9, 8218014 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Alcoholic Intoxication/px [Psychology] MH - *Attention/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Cognition/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Ethanol/to [Toxicity] MH - Female MH - Frontal Lobe/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Impulsive Behavior MH - Male MH - *Memory/de [Drug Effects] MH - Sex Factors MH - Temporal Lobe/de [Drug Effects] MH - Young Adult KW - Cognition; Ethanol; Gender differences; Intoxication AB - Alcohol intoxication affects frontal and temporal brain areas and may functionally impair cognitive processes mediated by these regions. This study examined this hypothesis by testing the effects of alcohol on sustained attention, impulsivity, and verbal memory. Sober and placebo control groups were used to distinguish pharmacological from expectancy effects of alcohol. One hundred nine university students were assigned to an alcohol (low, medium, or high dose), placebo or sober group. Moderate and high doses of alcohol impaired all cognitive measures. A gender effect was revealed in that alcohol impaired sustained attention in males, but not females. Both sustained attention and verbal memory exhibited a U-shaped pattern, in that the medium-dose alcohol group showed the greatest impairment. This study adds to knowledge about the effects of alcohol intoxication on frontally- and temporally-mediated cognitive function. These findings have specific relevance for heavy-drinking undergraduate populations, particularly in light of the fact that repeated alcohol administration produces persistent changes in brain neurocircuitry. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) ES - 1090-2147 IL - 0278-2626 DI - S0278-2626(13)00187-5 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.12.010 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140131 DP - 2014 Mar DC - 20140307 YR - 2014 ED - 20141031 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24487348 <78. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24558274 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Armor BL AU - Bulkley CF AU - Truong T AU - Carter SM FA - Armor, Becky L FA - Bulkley, Christina F FA - Truong, Teresa FA - Carter, Sandra M IN - Armor,Becky L. The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Bulkley,Christina F. The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Truong,Teresa. The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Carter,Sandra M. The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. TI - Assessing student pharmacists' ability to identify drug-related problems in patients within a patient-centered medical home. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 78(1):6, 2014 Feb 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 78(1):6, 2014 Feb 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3930254 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/di [Diagnosis] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - *Medication Adherence MH - Patient-Centered Care/mt [Methods] MH - *Patient-Centered Care/st [Standards] MH - *Professional Role MH - Retrospective Studies MH - *Students, Pharmacy KW - adverse drug effects; drug-related problems; medication reconciliation; patient-centered medical home; primary care; student pharmacist AB - OBJECTIVE: To quantify, describe, and categorize patient drug-related problems (DRPs) and recommendations identified by fourth-year (P4) student pharmacists during a live medication reconciliation activity within a patient-centered medical home (PCMH). AB - METHODS: Fourth-year student pharmacists conducted chart reviews, identified and documented DRPs, obtained live medication histories, and immediately provided findings and recommendations to the attending physicians. Documentation of DRPs and recommendations were analyzed retrospectively. AB - RESULTS: Thirty-eight students completed 99 medication reconciliation sessions from June 2011 to October 2012 during their advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). The students obtained 676 patient medication histories and identified or intervened on 1308 DRPs. The most common DRPs reported were incomplete medication list and diagnostic/laboratory testing needed. Physicians accepted 1,018 (approximately 78%) recommendations. AB - CONCLUSION: Student pharmacists successfully identified and reduced DRPs through a live medication reconciliation process within an academic-based PCMH model. Their medication history-taking skills improved and medication use was optimized. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7816 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Feb 12 DC - 20140221 YR - 2014 ED - 20141031 RD - 20150515 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24558274 <79. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25161064 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gardner DM FA - Gardner, David M IN - Gardner,David M. Professor, Department of Psychiatry and College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. TI - Competent psychopharmacology. [Review] SO - Canadian Journal of Psychiatry - Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie. 59(8):406-11, 2014 Aug. AS - Can J Psychiatry. 59(8):406-11, 2014 Aug. NJ - Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - clr, 7904187 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4143296 SB - Index Medicus CP - Canada MH - Canada MH - *Clinical Competence MH - Cooperative Behavior MH - Curriculum/td [Trends] MH - Education, Medical, Continuing MH - Education, Nursing, Continuing MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Humans MH - Interdisciplinary Communication MH - Off-Label Use MH - Patient Education as Topic/td [Trends] MH - *Psychopharmacology/ed [Education] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] AB - There is little doubt that undergraduate and post-graduate training of physicians, pharmacists, and nurses is insufficient to prepare them to use psychotropics safely and effectively, especially in the context of their expanded off-label uses. Therefore, the development of competencies in psychotropic prescribing needs to be approached as a long-term, practice-based learning commitment. Proposed are the abilities and knowledge components necessary for safe and effective use of psychotropics. Typical challenges in prescribing for chronic and recurrent illnesses include highly variable responses and tolerability, drug interactions, and adverse effects that can be serious, irreversible, and even fatal. Prescribing psychotropics is further complicated by negative public and professional reports and growing patient concerns about the quality of care, and questions about the efficacy, safety, and addictive risks of psychotropics. Increased efforts are needed to enhance clinical training and knowledge in psychopharmacology among trainees and practising clinicians, with more comprehensive and sustained attention to the assessment of individual patients, and greater reliance on patient education and collaboration. Improved competence in psychotropic prescribing should lead to more informed, thoughtful, and better-targeted applications as one component of more comprehensive clinical care. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 0706-7437 IL - 0706-7437 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2014 Aug DC - 20140827 YR - 2014 ED - 20141030 RD - 20150804 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25161064 <80. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24568120 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Song P AU - Li W AU - Zhou Q FA - Song, Ping FA - Li, Wei FA - Zhou, Quan IN - Zhou,Quan. Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road No, 88, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China. zhouquan142602@zju.edu.cn. TI - An outpatient antibacterial stewardship intervention during the journey to JCI accreditation. SO - BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology. 15:8, 2014. AS - BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 15:8, 2014. NJ - BMC pharmacology & toxicology PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101590449 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3937530 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Accreditation MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/ec [Economics] MH - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - China MH - Drug Costs/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Drug Prescriptions/ec [Economics] MH - Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Hospitals, University/ec [Economics] MH - Hospitals, University/st [Standards] MH - *Hospitals, University/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Outpatients/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ec [Economics] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - BACKGROUND: Antibacterial overuse, misuse and resistance have become a major global threat. The Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation standards include quality improvement and patient safety, which is exemplified by antimicrobial stewardship. There are currently few reports on interventions to improve the quality of outpatient antibacterial prescribing. AB - METHODS: A before-after intervention study, aiming at antibacterial use in outpatients, was performed in a university-affiliated hospital with 2.8 million outpatient visits annually during the journey to JCI accreditation (March of 2012 - March of 2013). Comprehensive intervention measures included formulary adjustment, classification management, motivational, information technological, educational and organizational measures. A defined daily dose (DDD) methodology was applied. Pharmacoeconomic data and drug-related problems (DRPs) were statistically compared between the two phases. AB - RESULTS: The variety of antibacterials available in outpatient pharmacy decreased from 38 to 16. The proportion of antibacterial prescriptions significantly decreased (12.7% versus 9.9%, P<0.01). The proportion of prescriptions containing the restricted antibacterials was 30.4% in the second phase, significantly lower than the value of 44.7% in the first phase (P<0.01). The overall proportion of oral versus all antibacterial prescriptions increased (94.0% to 100%, P<0.01) when measured as defined daily doses. Statistically significant increases in relative percentage of DDDs of oral antibacterials (i.e., DDDs of individual oral antibacterial divided by the sum of DDDs of all antibacterials) were observed with moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, cefuroxime axetil, ornidazole, clindamycin palmitate, cefaclor, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Occurrence rate of DRPs decreased from 13.6% to 4.0% (P<0.01), with a larger decrease seen in surgical clinics (surgical: 19.5% versus 5.6%; internal medicine: 8.4% versus 2.8%, P<0.01). The total expenditure on antibacterials for outpatients decreased by 34.7% and the intervention program saved about 6 million Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY) annually. AB - CONCLUSION: The one-year intervention program on outpatient antibacterial use during the journey to JCI accreditation reduced the expenditure on antibacterials, improved the appropriateness of antibacterial prescriptions. Quality improvements need integrated multifaceted intervention measures and long-term adherence to the antibiotic stewardship. Approach of i.v. to oral antibacterial switch, classification management, and motivational measures may play the most efficient role in changing antibacterial prescription practices. RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) ES - 2050-6511 IL - 2050-6511 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2050-6511-15-8 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20140226 DP - 2014 DC - 20140228 YR - 2014 ED - 20141028 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24568120 <81. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25052881 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rose VJ AU - Lutnick A AU - Kral AH FA - Rose, Valerie J FA - Lutnick, Alexandra FA - Kral, Alex H IN - Rose,Valerie J. a Director of Policy and Evaluation Research, Rose Associates , Public and Community Health Consulting , Oakland , CA. TI - Feasibility of providing interventions for injection drug users in pharmacy settings: a case study among San Francisco pharmacists. SO - Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 46(3):226-32, 2014 Jul-Aug. AS - J Psychoactive Drugs. 46(3):226-32, 2014 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of psychoactive drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jlp, 8113536 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS593800 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4112371 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Directly Observed Therapy MH - *Drug Users/px [Psychology] MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Harm Reduction MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Narcotic Antagonists/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Opiate Substitution Treatment MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Preventive Health Services/mt [Methods] MH - *Preventive Health Services MH - *Professional Role MH - Qualitative Research MH - Risk Factors MH - San Francisco MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/co [Complications] MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/di [Diagnosis] MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] KW - harm reduction; injection drug use; non-prescription syringe sales; pharmacy; policy; public Health AB - In addition to syringe exchange programs, pharmacies are important venues where injection drug users (IDUs) can access non-prescription syringes and other prevention interventions. This study assessed the feasibility of providing a range of interventions for IDUs in pharmacy settings. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 participants (policy makers, owner/managers, dispensing pharmacists, and pharmacy staff) from independent and chain/retail pharmacies in San Francisco, California, USA. The highest level of support was for a coupon syringe program and educational materials. Several overarching themes illustrate challenges to implementing pharmacy-based preventive interventions: time, space, sufficient staff, pharmacist training, legal considerations, pharmacist attitudes toward IDUs, and cost and reimbursement issues. This study provides concrete examples of the types of preventive services that pharmacists support and consider feasible, and illustrates that pharmacists welcome the opportunity to broaden their role as critical partners in public health matters related to injection drug use. RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) IS - 0279-1072 IL - 0279-1072 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2014.921745 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - R21 DA024966 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21DA024966 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2014 Jul-Aug DC - 20140723 YR - 2014 ED - 20141024 RD - 20150805 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=25052881 <82. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25298735 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Nugent K AU - Smart W FA - Nugent, Kevin FA - Smart, Wallace IN - Nugent,Kevin. Kinark Child and Family Services, Trent University and Sir Sanford Fleming College, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Smart,Wallace. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada ; University of Lethbridge Health Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. TI - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in postsecondary students. [Review] SO - Neuropsychiatric Disease & Treatment. 10:1781-91, 2014. AS - Neuropsychiatr. dis. treat.. 10:1781-91, 2014. NJ - Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101240304 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4186490 CP - New Zealand KW - academic performance; adults; stimulants; treatment AB - A PubMed review was conducted for papers reporting on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in postsecondary students. The review was performed in order to determine the prevalence and symptomatology of ADHD in postsecondary students, to examine its effects on academic achievement, and discuss appropriate management. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms among postsecondary students ranges from 2% to 12%. Students with ADHD have lower grade point averages and are more likely to withdraw from courses, to indulge in risky behaviors, and to have other psychiatric comorbidities than their non-ADHD peers. Ensuring that students with ADHD receive appropriate support requires documented evidence of impairment to academic and day-to-day functioning. In adults with ADHD, stimulants improve concentration and attention, although improved academic productivity remains to be demonstrated. ADHD negatively impacts academic performance in students and increases the likelihood of drug and alcohol problems. Affected students may therefore benefit from disability support services, academic accommodations, and pharmacological treatment. IS - 1176-6328 IL - 1176-6328 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S64136 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20140926 DP - 2014 DC - 20141009 YR - 2014 ED - 20141009 RD - 20141011 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25298735 <83. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25278667 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Abah IO AU - Ojeh VB AU - Falang KD AU - Darin KM AU - Olaitan OO AU - Agbaji OO FA - Abah, Isaac O FA - Ojeh, Victor B FA - Falang, Kakjing D FA - Darin, Kristin M FA - Olaitan, Oluremi O FA - Agbaji, Oche O IN - Abah,Isaac O. Department of Pharmacy, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria ; Department of Pharmacy, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Ojeh,Victor B. Department of Pharmacy, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria ; Department of Pharmacy, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Falang,Kakjing D. Department of Pharmacy, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. Darin,Kristin M. Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States. Olaitan,Oluremi O. AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria Lte, Lagos, Nigeria. Agbaji,Oche O. Department of Pharmacy, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria ; Department of Medicine, Nephrology Unit, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. TI - Pharmaceutical care outcomes in an outpatient human immunodeficiency virus treatment center in Jos, Nigeria. SO - Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacy. 5(3):57-61, 2014 Jun. AS - J. basic clin. pharm.. 5(3):57-61, 2014 Jun. NJ - Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101599515 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4160720 CP - India KW - Antiretroviral therapy; drug therapy problem; pharmacist intervention AB - RATIONALE: Pharmacotherapy for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is complex and increases the potential for drug therapy problems (DTPs). We described the frequency and type of DTPs in a Nigerian cohort of HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as the changes in HIV clinical outcomes after pharmacists' intervention. AB - METHODS: A prospective 1-year descriptive study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2011, at the adult HIV clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. DTPs and the associated pharmacist-initiated interventions were documented. Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used as appropriate, to compare the main outcome measures of pre- and post-intervention levels of viral load and CD+ cell count. AB - RESULTS: A total of 64,839 prescriptions were dispensed to 9320 patients. Interventions were documented for 85 unique patients (incidence of 1.31 interventions/1000 prescriptions), of which 62 (73%) and 3 (3.5%) were on first- and second-line ART, respectively, while 20 (23.5%) were yet to commence ART. Reasons for pharmacist intervention included failure to initiate therapy for HIV or hepatitis B infection; therapeutic failure (25.9%); and drug toxicity (24.7%). After intervention, the percentage of patients with HIV ribonucleic acid level <400 copies/mL rose from 29.4% to 67.1% (P < 0.001), while median (interquartile range) CD4+ cell count increased from 200 (123-351) to 361 (221-470) cells/mm(3) (P < 0.001). AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacist intervention resulted in clinically significant improvements in patients HIV virological and immunological outcomes. This highlights an important role for the pharmacist in the treatment and care of HIV-infected patients, in a multidisciplinary team. IS - 0976-0105 IL - 0976-0113 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.139727 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Jun DC - 20141003 YR - 2014 ED - 20141003 RD - 20141005 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25278667 <84. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24206593 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Charpiat B AU - Bedouch P AU - Rose FX AU - Juste M AU - Roubille R AU - Conort O AU - Allenet B FA - Charpiat, B FA - Bedouch, P FA - Rose, F X FA - Juste, M FA - Roubille, R FA - Conort, O FA - Allenet, B IN - Charpiat,B. CNRS, TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, Themas, Joseph-Fourier University, Grenoble 1, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche cedex, France; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103, Grande-rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France. Electronic address: bruno.charpiat@chu-lyon.fr. TI - Overdosed paracetamol (acetaminophen) prescriptions and subsequent pharmacist interventions in French hospitals. SO - Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. 71(6):410-7, 2013 Nov. AS - Ann Pharm Fr. 71(6):410-7, 2013 Nov. NJ - Annales pharmaceutiques francaises PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 2985176r, 5uy SB - Index Medicus CP - France MH - Acetaminophen/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Acetaminophen/po [Poisoning] MH - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/po [Poisoning] MH - Body Weight MH - *Drug Overdose/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Drug Overdose/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - France/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Medication Errors MH - Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Prescription Drugs KW - Hospital; Hospital pharmacist; Hopital; Intervention pharmaceutique; Overdosed prescription; Paracetamol; Paracetamol; Pharmacien hospitalier; Pharmacist's intervention; Posologie excessive; Safety; Securite AB - INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the manner in which hospital pharmacists intervene for overdosed paracetamol prescriptions. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the number and nature of pharmacists' interventions (PIs) for overdosed paracetamol adult prescriptions in hospitals. AB - METHODS: We studied PIs that had been documented by pharmacists on the French Society of Clinical Pharmacy website tool between 2007 and 2010. We identified PIs that were related to paracetamol-containing prescriptions of one brand name only (type 1) particularly for patients with body weight < 50 kg who were prescribed 4 g/day, and PIs that concerned the co-prescription of two paracetamol-containing products (type 2). AB - RESULTS: Among 60 hospitals, seven did not report any paracetamol overdose-related PIs. Of the 53 hospitals that had at least one PI, 16 did not report any type 1 PIs. Bodyweight, liver disease, cirrhosis and chronic alcoholism were absent recorded criterion by most of the hospitals included in this study. AB - DISCUSSION: Previously published studies have highlighted that the most frequent PIs are type 1, especially for patients whose body weight is < 50 kg. We observed a broad variability in the number or type of PI that were related to overdosed paracetamol prescriptions compared with the total of all recorded types of PI. These data suggest that a significant number of hospital pharmacists are unaware of the risks that adult patients with low body weight are exposed to when receiving four grams paracetamol/day over several days. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacist educational programs are needed.Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Non-Narcotic) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) IS - 0003-4509 IL - 0003-4509 DI - S0003-4509(13)00108-9 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2013.08.010 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20131029 DP - 2013 Nov DC - 20131111 YR - 2013 ED - 20140929 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24206593 <85. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24391846 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hsin KY AU - Ghosh S AU - Kitano H FA - Hsin, Kun-Yi FA - Ghosh, Samik FA - Kitano, Hiroaki IN - Hsin,Kun-Yi. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan. Ghosh,Samik. The Systems Biology Institute, Minato, Tokyo, Japan ; Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Kitano,Hiroaki. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan ; The Systems Biology Institute, Minato, Tokyo, Japan ; Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. TI - Combining machine learning systems and multiple docking simulation packages to improve docking prediction reliability for network pharmacology. SO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 8(12):e83922, 2013. AS - PLoS ONE. 8(12):e83922, 2013. NJ - PloS one PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101285081 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3877102 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Artificial Intelligence MH - *Computational Biology MH - Drug Discovery MH - *Gene Regulatory Networks/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Molecular Docking Simulation MH - Protein Binding MH - *Protein Interaction Maps/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Protein Kinases/ch [Chemistry] MH - Protein Kinases/me [Metabolism] AB - Increased availability of bioinformatics resources is creating opportunities for the application of network pharmacology to predict drug effects and toxicity resulting from multi-target interactions. Here we present a high-precision computational prediction approach that combines two elaborately built machine learning systems and multiple molecular docking tools to assess binding potentials of a test compound against proteins involved in a complex molecular network. One of the two machine learning systems is a re-scoring function to evaluate binding modes generated by docking tools. The second is a binding mode selection function to identify the most predictive binding mode. Results from a series of benchmark validations and a case study show that this approach surpasses the prediction reliability of other techniques and that it also identifies either primary or off-targets of kinase inhibitors. Integrating this approach with molecular network maps makes it possible to address drug safety issues by comprehensively investigating network-dependent effects of a drug or drug candidate. RN - 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors) RN - EC 2-7 (Protein Kinases) ES - 1932-6203 IL - 1932-6203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083922 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20131231 DP - 2013 DC - 20140106 YR - 2013 ED - 20140918 RD - 20150515 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24391846 <86. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24407295 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Re M AU - Valentini G FA - Re, Matteo FA - Valentini, Giorgio IN - Re,Matteo. Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano. Valentini,Giorgio. Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano. TI - Network-based drug ranking and repositioning with respect to DrugBank therapeutic categories. SO - Ieee/acm Transactions on Computational Biology & Bioinformatics. 10(6):1359-71, 2013 Nov-Dec. AS - IEEE/ACM trans. comput. biol. bioinform.. 10(6):1359-71, 2013 Nov-Dec. NJ - IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics / IEEE, ACM PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101196755 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Algorithms MH - Area Under Curve MH - *Computational Biology/mt [Methods] MH - Databases, Factual MH - Drug Approval MH - *Drug Repositioning/mt [Methods] MH - Ligands MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations/cl [Classification] MH - Software MH - Systems Biology MH - United States MH - United States Food and Drug Administration AB - Drug repositioning is a challenging computational problem involving the integration of heterogeneous sources of biomolecular data and the design of label ranking algorithms able to exploit the overall topology of the underlying pharmacological network. In this context, we propose a novel semisupervised drug ranking problem: prioritizing drugs in integrated biochemical networks according to specific DrugBank therapeutic categories. Algorithms for drug repositioning usually perform the inference step into an inhomogeneous similarity space induced by the relationships existing between drugs and a second type of entity (e.g., disease, target, ligand set), thus making unfeasible a drug ranking within a homogeneous pharmacological space. To deal with this problem, we designed a general framework based on bipartite network projections by which homogeneous pharmacological networks can be constructed and integrated from heterogeneous and complementary sources of chemical, biomolecular and clinical information. Moreover, we present a novel algorithmic scheme based on kernelized score functions that adopts both local and global learning strategies to effectively rank drugs in the integrated pharmacological space using different network combination methods. Detailed experiments with more than 80 DrugBank therapeutic categories involving about 1,300 FDA-approved drugs show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. RN - 0 (Ligands) RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) ES - 1557-9964 IL - 1545-5963 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2013.62 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2013 Nov-Dec DC - 20140110 YR - 2013 ED - 20140917 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24407295 <87. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25228824 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Weyandt LL AU - Oster DR AU - Marraccini ME AU - Gudmundsdottir BG AU - Munro BA AU - Zavras BM AU - Kuhar B FA - Weyandt, Lisa L FA - Oster, Danielle R FA - Marraccini, Marisa E FA - Gudmundsdottir, Bergljot Gyda FA - Munro, Bailey A FA - Zavras, Brynheld Martinez FA - Kuhar, Ben IN - Weyandt,Lisa L. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. Oster,Danielle R. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. Marraccini,Marisa E. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. Gudmundsdottir,Bergljot Gyda. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. Munro,Bailey A. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. Zavras,Brynheld Martinez. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. Kuhar,Ben. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. TI - Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants. [Review] SO - Psychology Research & Behavior Management. 7:223-49, 2014. AS - Psychol. res. behav. manag.. 7:223-49, 2014. NJ - Psychology research and behavior management PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101514563 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4164338 CP - New Zealand KW - ADHD symptomatology; amphetamine; lisdexamfetamine; methylphenidate; nonmedical stimulant use; pharmacotherapy AB - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that cause functional impairment. Recent research indicates that symptoms persist into adulthood in the majority of cases, with prevalence estimates of approximately 5% in the school age population and 2.5%-4% in the adult population. Although students with ADHD are at greater risk for academic underachievement and psychosocial problems, increasing numbers of students with ADHD are graduating from high school and pursuing higher education. Stimulant medications are considered the first line of pharmacotherapy for individuals with ADHD, including college students. Although preliminary evidence indicates that prescription stimulants are safe and effective for college students with ADHD when used as prescribed, very few controlled studies have been conducted concerning the efficacy of prescription stimulants with college students. In addition, misuse of prescription stimulants has become a serious problem on college campuses across the US and has been recently documented in other countries as well. The purpose of the present systematic review was to investigate the efficacy of prescription stimulants for adolescents and young adults with ADHD and the nonmedical use and misuse of prescription stimulants. Results revealed that both prostimulant and stimulant medications, including lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and mixed-amphetamine salts, are effective at reducing ADHD symptoms in adolescents and adults with ADHD. Findings also suggest that individuals with ADHD may have higher rates of stimulant misuse than individuals without the disorder, and characteristics such as sex, race, use of illicit drugs, and academic performance are associated with misuse of stimulant medications. Results also indicate that individuals both with and without ADHD are more likely to misuse short-acting agents than long-acting agents. These findings have implications for intervention, prevention, and future research. ES - 1179-1578 IL - 1179-1578 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S47013 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20140909 DP - 2014 DC - 20140917 YR - 2014 ED - 20140917 RD - 20140919 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25228824 <88. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25214729 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Ajagannanavar SL AU - Battur H AU - Shamarao S AU - Sivakumar V AU - Patil PU AU - Shanavas P FA - Ajagannanavar, Sunil Lingaraj FA - Battur, Hemant FA - Shamarao, Supreetha FA - Sivakumar, Vivek FA - Patil, Pavan Uday FA - Shanavas, P IN - Ajagannanavar,Sunil Lingaraj. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India. Battur,Hemant. Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India. Shamarao,Supreetha. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Kodagu, Karnataka, India. Sivakumar,Vivek. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Patil,Pavan Uday. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India. Shanavas,P. Senior Lecturer, Department of Dentistry, DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, India. TI - Effect of aqueous and alcoholic licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine: an in vitro study. SO - Journal of International Oral Health. 6(4):29-34, 2014 Jul. AS - J. int. oral health. 6(4):29-34, 2014 Jul. NJ - Journal of international oral health : JIOH PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101562691 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4148569 CP - India KW - Chlorhexidine; Glycyrrhiza glabra; licorice AB - BACKGROUND: Glycyrrhiza (licorice) an herb, which has medicinal value and was used in ancient times as a remedy for a great diversity of ailments and sweetener. Roots of Glycyrrhiza contain a high concentration of saponin and glycyrrhizin, which are supposed to be sweetening agents. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic licorice root extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX). AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first part of the study, various concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic licorice extract were prepared in the laboratory of Pharmacy College. It was then subjected to microbiological assay to determine its zone of inhibition using agar disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using serial broth dilution method against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. CHX was used as a positive control. AB - RESULTS: MIC of aqueous and ethnolic licorice root extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus were 25% and 12.5%, respectively. Mean zone of inhibition of the aqueous and alcoholic licorice extracts against S. mutans at 48 h were 22.8 mm and 26.7 mm, respectively. Mean zone of inhibition of the aqueous and alcoholic licorice extracts against L. acidophilus at 48 h were 14.4 mm and 15.1 mm, respectively. Mean zone of inhibition of the CHX against S. mutans and L. acidophilus at 48 h was 20.5 and 13.2, respectively. AB - CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect shown by alcoholic licorice root extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus was superior when compared with that of aqueous form and CHX. IS - 0976-7428 IL - 0976-1799 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Jul DC - 20140912 YR - 2014 ED - 20140912 RD - 20140915 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25214729 <89. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24489016 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Davis LA AU - Whitfield E AU - Cannon GW AU - Wolff RK AU - Johnson DS AU - Reimold AM AU - Kerr GS AU - Richards JS AU - Mikuls TR AU - Caplan L FA - Davis, Lisa A FA - Whitfield, Emily FA - Cannon, Grant W FA - Wolff, Roger K FA - Johnson, Dannette S FA - Reimold, Andreas M FA - Kerr, Gail S FA - Richards, J Steuart FA - Mikuls, Ted R FA - Caplan, Liron TI - Association of rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility gene with lipid profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. SO - Rheumatology. 53(6):1014-21, 2014 Jun. AS - Rheumatology (Oxford). 53(6):1014-21, 2014 Jun. NJ - Rheumatology (Oxford, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100883501, ddb OI - Source: NLM. PMC4023559 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/bl [Blood] MH - Arthritis, Rheumatoid/co [Complications] MH - *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/ge [Genetics] MH - Biomarkers/bl [Blood] MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Dyslipidemias/bl [Blood] MH - Dyslipidemias/et [Etiology] MH - Dyslipidemias/ge [Genetics] MH - Female MH - Genes, rel MH - Genetic Predisposition to Disease MH - Humans MH - *Lipids/bl [Blood] MH - Lipoproteins, HDL/bl [Blood] MH - Lipoproteins, LDL/bl [Blood] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - Registries MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Triglycerides/bl [Blood] AB - OBJECTIVE: RA patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, although the mechanisms are unclear. As RA and CV disease may be associated through lipid profiles, we examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA susceptibility were associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels in RA subjects. AB - METHODS: Patients (n = 763) enrolled in the Veterans Affairs RA registry who were not on hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor were genotyped for human leukocyte antigen shared epitope (HLA-DRB1-SE) and SNPs in the following genes: CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), IL-10, PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22), REL (c-Rel), STAT4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription protein), TNF- and TRAF1 (TNF receptor-associated factor 1). Other covariates included patient characteristics (age, gender, race, smoking status, education, BMI, modified CharlsonDeyo comorbidity index), CV characteristics (hypertension, diabetes, alcohol abuse), pharmacologic exposures (MTX, anti-TNF, glucocorticoids) and RA severity/activity markers (RA disease duration, mean DAS, CRP, RF positivity, anti-CCP positivity). Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine the factors associated with LDL, HDL and TG levels. AB - RESULTS: The REL SNP rs9309331 homozygous minor allele was associated with higher LDL levels. Caucasian race and increasing BMI were associated with lower HDL. Factors associated with higher TG were diabetes, Caucasian race and higher BMI. AB - CONCLUSION: The REL SNP rs9309331 was associated with LDL levels in our study. This association is a possible explanation of the increased risk of RA patients for CV disease and requires further inquiry. RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, HDL) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) ES - 1462-0332 IL - 1462-0324 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2014 Jun DC - 20140730 YR - 2014 ED - 20140911 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24489016 <90. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24535300 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kiyatkin EA FA - Kiyatkin, Eugene A TI - Critical role of peripheral sensory systems in mediating the neural effects of nicotine following its acute and repeated exposure. [Review] SO - Reviews in the Neurosciences. 25(2):207-21, 2014. AS - Rev Neurosci. 25(2):207-21, 2014. NJ - Reviews in the neurosciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8711016, BYT, 8711016 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS712633 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4529070 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Animals MH - Humans MH - *Nicotine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Nicotinic Agonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Peripheral Nervous System/de [Drug Effects] AB - It is well established that the reinforcing properties of nicotine (NIC) depend on its action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed by brain neurons. However, when administered systemically, NIC first phasically activates nicotinic receptors located on the afferents of sensory nerves at the sites of drug administration before reaching the brain and directly interacting with central neurons. While this peripheral action of NIC has been known for years, it is usually neglected in any consideration of the drug's reinforcing properties and experience-dependent changes of its behavioral and physiological effects. The goal of this work was to review our recent behavioral, electrophysiological, and physiological data suggesting the critical importance of peripheral actions of NIC in mediating its neural effects following acute drug exposure and their involvement in alterations of NIC effects consistently occurring following repeated drug exposure. Because NIC, by acting peripherally, produces a rapid sensory signal to the central nervous system that is followed by slower, more prolonged direct drug actions in the brain, these two pharmacological actions interact in the central nervous system during repeated drug use with the development of Pavlovian conditioned association. This within-drug conditioning mechanism could explain the experience-dependent changes in the physiological, behavioral, and human psychoemotional effects of NIC, which, in drug-experienced individuals, always represent a combination of pharmacological and learning variables. RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0334-1763 IL - 0334-1763 DI - /j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-2/revneuro-2013-0067/revneuro-2013-0067.xml DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2013-0067 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural PT - Review NO - ZIA DA000566-05 (United States Intramural NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2014 DC - 20140319 YR - 2014 ED - 20140908 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24535300 <91. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24535300 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kiyatkin EA FA - Kiyatkin, Eugene A TI - Critical role of peripheral sensory systems in mediating the neural effects of nicotine following its acute and repeated exposure. [Review] SO - Reviews in the Neurosciences. 25(2):207-21, 2014. AS - Rev Neurosci. 25(2):207-21, 2014. NJ - Reviews in the neurosciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8711016, BYT, 8711016 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS712633 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4529070 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Animals MH - Humans MH - *Nicotine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Nicotinic Agonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Peripheral Nervous System/de [Drug Effects] AB - It is well established that the reinforcing properties of nicotine (NIC) depend on its action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed by brain neurons. However, when administered systemically, NIC first phasically activates nicotinic receptors located on the afferents of sensory nerves at the sites of drug administration before reaching the brain and directly interacting with central neurons. While this peripheral action of NIC has been known for years, it is usually neglected in any consideration of the drug's reinforcing properties and experience-dependent changes of its behavioral and physiological effects. The goal of this work was to review our recent behavioral, electrophysiological, and physiological data suggesting the critical importance of peripheral actions of NIC in mediating its neural effects following acute drug exposure and their involvement in alterations of NIC effects consistently occurring following repeated drug exposure. Because NIC, by acting peripherally, produces a rapid sensory signal to the central nervous system that is followed by slower, more prolonged direct drug actions in the brain, these two pharmacological actions interact in the central nervous system during repeated drug use with the development of Pavlovian conditioned association. This within-drug conditioning mechanism could explain the experience-dependent changes in the physiological, behavioral, and human psychoemotional effects of NIC, which, in drug-experienced individuals, always represent a combination of pharmacological and learning variables. RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0334-1763 IL - 0334-1763 DI - /j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-2/revneuro-2013-0067/revneuro-2013-0067.xml DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2013-0067 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural PT - Review NO - ZIA DA000566-05 (United States Intramural NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2014 DC - 20140319 YR - 2014 ED - 20140908 RD - 20160224 UP - 20160226 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=24535300 <92. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25187752 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Reardon CL AU - Creado S FA - Reardon, Claudia L FA - Creado, Shane IN - Reardon,Claudia L. Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. Creado,Shane. Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. TI - Drug abuse in athletes. [Review] SO - Substance Abuse & Rehabilitation. 5:95-105, 2014. AS - Subst. abuse rehabil.. 5:95-105, 2014. NJ - Substance abuse and rehabilitation PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101558476 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4140700 CP - New Zealand KW - athletes; doping; drug abuse; mental illness; steroids AB - Drug abuse occurs in all sports and at most levels of competition. Athletic life may lead to drug abuse for a number of reasons, including for performance enhancement, to self-treat otherwise untreated mental illness, and to deal with stressors, such as pressure to perform, injuries, physical pain, and retirement from sport. This review examines the history of doping in athletes, the effects of different classes of substances used for doping, side effects of doping, the role of anti-doping organizations, and treatment of affected athletes. Doping goes back to ancient times, prior to the development of organized sports. Performance-enhancing drugs have continued to evolve, with "advances" in doping strategies driven by improved drug testing detection methods and advances in scientific research that can lead to the discovery and use of substances that may later be banned. Many sports organizations have come to ban the use of performance-enhancing drugs and have very strict consequences for people caught using them. There is variable evidence for the performance-enhancing effects and side effects of the various substances that are used for doping. Drug abuse in athletes should be addressed with preventive measures, education, motivational interviewing, and, when indicated, pharmacologic interventions. ES - 1179-8467 IL - 1179-8467 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S53784 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20140814 DP - 2014 DC - 20140904 YR - 2014 ED - 20140904 RD - 20140908 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25187752 <93. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24429020 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - ASHP Statement on the pharmacist's role in substance abuse prevention, education, and assistance. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 71(3):243-6, 2014 Feb 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 71(3):243-6, 2014 Feb 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Professional Impairment MH - Professional Role MH - *Societies, Pharmaceutical MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] AB - The American Society of Health- System Pharmacists (ASHP) believes that pharmacists have the unique knowledge, skills, and responsibilities for assuming an important role in substance abuse prevention, education, and assistance. Pharmacists, as health care providers, should be actively involved in reducing the negative effects that substance abuse has on society, health systems, and the pharmacy profession. Further, ASHP supports efforts to rehabilitate pharmacists and other health-system employees whose mental or physical impairments are caused by substance abuse. ES - 1535-2900 IL - 1079-2082 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/sp140002 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Feb 1 DC - 20140116 YR - 2014 ED - 20140829 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24429020 <94. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25120369 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Molino Cde G AU - Carnevale RC AU - Rodrigues AT AU - Visacri MB AU - Moriel P AU - Mazzola PG FA - Molino, Caroline de Godoi Rezende Costa FA - Carnevale, Renata Cavalcanti FA - Rodrigues, Aline Teotonio FA - Visacri, Marilia Berlofa FA - Moriel, Patricia FA - Mazzola, Priscila Gava IN - Molino,Caroline de Godoi Rezende Costa. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Carnevale,Renata Cavalcanti. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rodrigues,Aline Teotonio. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Visacri,Marilia Berlofa. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Moriel,Patricia. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mazzola,Priscila Gava. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. TI - Impact of pharmacist interventions on drug-related problems and laboratory markers in outpatients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. SO - Therapeutics & Clinical Risk Management. 10:631-9, 2014. AS - Ther Clin Risk Manag. 10:631-9, 2014. NJ - Therapeutics and clinical risk management PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101253281 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4130328 CP - New Zealand KW - AIDS; CD4+ T lymphocyte count; HIV; clinical pharmacy; pharmaceutical care; pharmacy service AB - BACKGROUND: Substantial complexity has been introduced into treatment regimens for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Many drug-related problems (DRPs) are detected in these patients, such as low adherence, therapeutic inefficacy, and safety issues. We evaluated the impact of pharmacist interventions on CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, HIV viral load, and DRPs in patients with HIV infection. AB - METHODS: In this 18-month prospective controlled study, 90 outpatients were selected by convenience sampling from the Hospital Dia-University of Campinas Teaching Hospital (Brazil). Forty-five patients comprised the pharmacist intervention group and 45 the control group; all patients had HIV infection with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pharmaceutical appointments were conducted based on the Pharmacotherapy Workup method, although DRPs and pharmacist intervention classifications were modified for applicability to institutional service limitations and research requirements. Pharmacist interventions were performed immediately after detection of DRPs. The main outcome measures were DRPs, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, and HIV viral load. AB - RESULTS: After pharmacist intervention, DRPs decreased from 5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] =4.1-6.2) to 4.2 (95% CI =3.3-5.1) per patient (P=0.043). A total of 122 pharmacist interventions were proposed, with an average of 2.7 interventions per patient. All the pharmacist interventions were accepted by physicians, and among patients, the interventions were well accepted during the appointments, but compliance with the interventions was not measured. A statistically significant increase in CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in the intervention group was found (260.7 cells/mm(3) [95% CI =175.8-345.6] to 312.0 cells/mm(3) [95% CI =23.5-40.6], P=0.015), which was not observed in the control group. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding HIV viral load. AB - CONCLUSION: This study suggests that pharmacist interventions in patients with HIV infection can cause an increase in CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and a decrease in DRPs, demonstrating the importance of an optimal pharmaceutical care plan. IS - 1176-6336 IL - 1176-6336 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S61821 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20140807 DP - 2014 DC - 20140814 YR - 2014 ED - 20140814 RD - 20140818 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25120369 <95. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24245573 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Calderon R AU - Copenhaver D FA - Calderon, Raul FA - Copenhaver, David TI - Buprenorphine for chronic pain. SO - Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 27(4):402-5, 2013 Dec. AS - J Pain Pall Care Pharmacother. 27(4):402-5, 2013 Dec. NJ - Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101125608 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Buprenorphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Buprenorphine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Chronic Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Opiate Substitution Treatment/mt [Methods] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Transdermal Patch AB - Questions from patients about pain conditions, analgesic pharmacotherapy and responses from authors are presented to help educate patients and make them more effective self-advocates. The use of transdermal buprenorphine for chronic pain management is discussed. A brief history of the medication is provided. The use of the medication in opioid maintenance, and withdrawal and other concerns are discussed. Possible side effects are described. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) ES - 1536-0539 IL - 1536-0288 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15360288.2013.847522 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20131118 DP - 2013 Dec DC - 20131205 YR - 2013 ED - 20140801 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24245573 <96. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24184510 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Pittman JT AU - Lott CS FA - Pittman, Julian T FA - Lott, Chad S IN - Pittman,Julian T. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36083, USA. Electronic address: jtpittman@troy.edu. TI - Startle response memory and hippocampal changes in adult zebrafish pharmacologically-induced to exhibit anxiety/depression-like behaviors. SO - Physiology & Behavior. 123:174-9, 2014 Jan 17. AS - Physiol Behav. 123:174-9, 2014 Jan 17. NJ - Physiology & behavior PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - p72, 0151504 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animals MH - Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Anxiety/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Anxiety/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Anxiety/pa [Pathology] MH - *Central Nervous System Depressants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - *Ethanol/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Female MH - Fluoxetine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Hippocampus/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Hippocampus/me [Metabolism] MH - Male MH - *Reflex, Startle/de [Drug Effects] MH - Serotonin/me [Metabolism] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/co [Complications] MH - Zebrafish KW - Anxiety; Depression; Memory; Psychopharmacology; Startle response; Zebrafish AB - Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly becoming a popular animal model for neurobehavioral and psychopharmacological research. While startle testing is a well-established assay to investigate anxiety-like behaviors in different species, screening of the startle response and its habituation in zebrafish is a new direction of translational biomedical research. This study focuses on a novel behavioral protocol to assess a tapping-induced startle response and its habituation in adult zebrafish that have been pharmacologically-induced to exhibit anxiety/depression-like behaviors. We demonstrated that zebrafish exhibit robust learning performance in a task adapted from the mammalian literature, a modified plus maze, and showed that ethanol and fluoxetine impair memory performance in this maze when administered after training at a dose that does not impair motor function, however, leads to significant upregulation of hippocampal serotoninergic neurons. These results suggest that the maze associative learning paradigm has face and construct validity and that zebrafish may become a translationally relevant study species for the analysis of the mechanisms of learning and memory changes associated with psychopharmacological treatment of anxiety/depression. Copyright © 2013. RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Depressants) RN - 01K63SUP8D (Fluoxetine) RN - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin) RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) ES - 1873-507X IL - 0031-9384 DI - S0031-9384(13)00351-X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.023 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20131030 DP - 2014 Jan 17 DC - 20131202 YR - 2014 ED - 20140717 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24184510 <97. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24246213 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Andrews LB AU - Bridgeman MB AU - Dalal KS AU - Abazia D AU - Lau C AU - Goldsmith DF AU - St John D FA - Andrews, L B FA - Bridgeman, M B FA - Dalal, K S FA - Abazia, D FA - Lau, C FA - Goldsmith, D F FA - St John, D IN - Andrews,L B. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey. TI - Implementation of a pharmacist-driven pain management consultation service for hospitalised adults with a history of substance abuse. SO - International Journal of Clinical Practice. 67(12):1342-9, 2013 Dec. AS - Int J Clin Pract. 67(12):1342-9, 2013 Dec. NJ - International journal of clinical practice PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cvt, 9712381 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Delivery of Health Care MH - Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Hospitals, Teaching/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - New Jersey MH - *Pain/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Pain Management/mt [Methods] MH - Patient Care Team/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ut [Utilization] MH - Physician-Patient Relations MH - Pilot Projects MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Urban Health AB - BACKGROUND: Pain management in adult patients with concomitant substance use disorders (SUDs) presents a clinical challenge in the absence of objective assessment criteria. Effective pain management is dependent on the clinician's ability to differentiate true pain symptoms from manipulative behaviours. Successful strategies for achieving effective pain control in these patients include implementing a multidisciplinary team approach, use of non-opioid and non-pharmacologic alternatives, and judicious use of opioid analgesics. AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a pharmacist-driven pain management service for patients with concomitant SUDs. AB - METHODS: In an urban teaching hospital located in Trenton, New Jersey, United States, a clinical pharmacist-led pain management service evolved to provide formal consultation. Standardised assessment and treatment approaches were developed to assure consistency. Multidisciplinary education was provided to the medical staff. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The study describes a variety of patterns associated with the program from its pilot period through the first 6 years of service, including opioid utilisation, volume and source of consultations, and multidisciplinary perceptions regarding the program's impact. AB - RESULTS: The establishment of a pharmacist-led pain management consult service successfully addressed patient's needs while modifying drug-seeking behaviours. A significant decrease in opioid usage was noted during the program's pilot period and sustained over time. The program's success has extended the pharmacist's role beyond the program's initial scope to address general pain management needs and to address educational needs of the medical staff. Today, clinical pharmacists are utilised most often for refractory cases for which the most appropriate method of pain management may not be clear.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1742-1241 IL - 1368-5031 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12311 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Dec DC - 20131119 YR - 2013 ED - 20140707 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24246213 <98. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23356858 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Harris AH AU - Ellerbe L AU - Reeder RN AU - Bowe T AU - Gordon AJ AU - Hagedorn H AU - Oliva E AU - Lembke A AU - Kivlahan D AU - Trafton JA FA - Harris, Alex H S FA - Ellerbe, Laura FA - Reeder, Rachelle N FA - Bowe, Thomas FA - Gordon, Adam J FA - Hagedorn, Hildi FA - Oliva, Elizabeth FA - Lembke, Anna FA - Kivlahan, Daniel FA - Trafton, Jodie A IN - Harris,Alex H S. Center for Health Care Evaluation. TI - Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: perceived treatment barriers and action strategies among Veterans Health Administration service providers. SO - Psychological Services. 10(4):410-9, 2013 Nov. AS - Psychol Serv. 10(4):410-9, 2013 Nov. NJ - Psychological services PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101214316 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Alcohol Deterrents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Disulfiram/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Drug Utilization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - Formularies as Topic MH - Health Care Surveys MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - *Health Services Accessibility MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Patient Preference MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Qualitative Research MH - Taurine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Taurine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - United States MH - United States Department of Veterans Affairs MH - Veterans Health/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - Although access to and consideration of pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence are consensus standards of care, receipt of these medications by patients is generally rare and highly variable across treatment settings. The goal of the present project was to survey and interview the clinicians, managers, and pharmacists affiliated with addiction treatment programs within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities to learn about their perceptions of barriers and facilitators regarding greater and more reliable consideration of pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence. Fifty-nine participants from 19 high-adopting and 11 low-adopting facilities completed the survey (facility-level response rate = 50%) and 23 participated in a structured interview. The top 4 barriers to increased consideration and use of pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence were consistent across high- and low-adopting facilities and included perceived low patient demand, pharmacy procedures or formulary restrictions, lack of provider skills or knowledge regarding pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence, and lack of confidence in treatment effectiveness. Low patient demand was rated as the most important barrier for oral naltrexone and disulfiram, whereas pharmacy or formulary restrictions were rated as the most important barrier for acamprosate and extended-release naltrexone. The 4 strategies rated across low- and high-adopting facilities as most likely to facilitate consideration and use of pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence were more education to patients about existing medications, more education to health care providers about medications, increased involvement of physicians in treatment for alcohol dependence, and more compelling research on existing medications. This knowledge provides a foundation for designing, deploying, and evaluating targeted implementation efforts. RN - 0 (Alcohol Deterrents) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 1EQV5MLY3D (Taurine) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - N4K14YGM3J (acamprosate) RN - TR3MLJ1UAI (Disulfiram) ES - 1939-148X IL - 1541-1559 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030949 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20130128 DP - 2013 Nov DC - 20131119 YR - 2013 ED - 20140630 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23356858 <99. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24860437 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Urban KR AU - Gao WJ FA - Urban, Kimberly R FA - Gao, Wen-Jun IN - Urban,Kimberly R. Department of Psychology, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA. Gao,Wen-Jun. Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA. TI - Performance enhancement at the cost of potential brain plasticity: neural ramifications of nootropic drugs in the healthy developing brain. [Review] SO - Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 8:38, 2014. AS - Front Syst Neurosci. 8:38, 2014. NJ - Frontiers in systems neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101477946 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4026746 CP - Switzerland KW - ampakine; brain development; cognitive enhancement; methylphenidate; modafinil; synaptic plasticity AB - Cognitive enhancement is perhaps one of the most intriguing and controversial topics in neuroscience today. Currently, the main classes of drugs used as potential cognitive enhancers include psychostimulants (methylphenidate (MPH), amphetamine), but wakefulness-promoting agents (modafinil) and glutamate activators (ampakine) are also frequently used. Pharmacologically, substances that enhance the components of the memory/learning circuits-dopamine, glutamate (neuronal excitation), and/or norepinephrine-stand to improve brain function in healthy individuals beyond their baseline functioning. In particular, non-medical use of prescription stimulants such as MPH and illicit use of psychostimulants for cognitive enhancement have seen a recent rise among teens and young adults in schools and college campuses. However, this enhancement likely comes with a neuronal, as well as ethical, cost. Altering glutamate function via the use of psychostimulants may impair behavioral flexibility, leading to the development and/or potentiation of addictive behaviors. Furthermore, dopamine and norepinephrine do not display linear effects; instead, their modulation of cognitive and neuronal function maps on an inverted-U curve. Healthy individuals run the risk of pushing themselves beyond optimal levels into hyperdopaminergic and hypernoradrenergic states, thus vitiating the very behaviors they are striving to improve. Finally, recent studies have begun to highlight potential damaging effects of stimulant exposure in healthy juveniles. This review explains how the main classes of cognitive enhancing drugs affect the learning and memory circuits, and highlights the potential risks and concerns in healthy individuals, particularly juveniles and adolescents. We emphasize the performance enhancement at the potential cost of brain plasticity that is associated with the neural ramifications of nootropic drugs in the healthy developing brain. ES - 1662-5137 IL - 1662-5137 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00038 PT - Journal Article PT - Review NO - R01 MH085666 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20140513 DP - 2014 DC - 20140526 YR - 2014 ED - 20140624 RD - 20160218 UP - 20160222 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24860437 <100. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24358001 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Kaye AM AU - Kaye AD AU - Lofton EC FA - Kaye, Adam M FA - Kaye, Alan D FA - Lofton, Elise C IN - Kaye,Adam M. Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA. Kaye,Alan D. Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Lofton,Elise C. Department of Anesthesiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA. TI - Basic concepts in opioid prescribing and current concepts of opioid-mediated effects on driving. [Review] SO - Ochsner Journal. 13(4):525-32, 2013. AS - OCHSNER J. 13(4):525-32, 2013. NJ - The Ochsner journal PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101125795 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3865831 CP - United States KW - Analgesics-opioid; chronic pain; medication therapy management; opioid-related disorders AB - BACKGROUND: Many patients with chronic pain receive substandard analgesic therapy. Incomplete or inadequate care often stems from physician fears of patient addiction and/or drug toxicity. As a result, many chronic pain patients are undertreated and have unrelieved pain that tempts them to overuse or to abuse prescribed pharmacologic treatments. In the last few years, educational efforts have targeted physicians who treat chronic, nonmalignant pain with information to improve prescribing strategies and to appreciate side effects. Additionally, opioid prescribing guidelines and educational programs, including World Health Organization-published guidelines for the management of cancer pain in 1986 and the American Pain Society's promotion of pain as the 5(th) vital sign, have increased the propensity of pharmacists, physicians, and pain specialists to dispense pain treatments. AB - METHODS: Controversial and evolving consequences from this explosion of prescription opioid use have emerged and are discussed in this review, including prescribing principles, opioid analgesic side effects, and driving concerns. AB - CONCLUSION: With additional appreciation for the untoward effects of chronic analgesia and a better understanding of opioid pharmacology, physicians can utilize pain management treatments in a safer and more effective manner. IS - 1524-5012 IL - 1524-5012 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2013 DC - 20131220 YR - 2013 ED - 20140624 RD - 20140624 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24358001 <101. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24159213 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Douglass MA AU - Casale JP AU - Skirvin JA AU - DiVall MV FA - Douglass, Mark A FA - Casale, Jillian P FA - Skirvin, J Andrew FA - DiVall, Margarita V IN - Douglass,Mark A. Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, Massachusetts. TI - A virtual patient software program to improve pharmacy student learning in a comprehensive disease management course. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 77(8):172, 2013 Oct 14. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 77(8):172, 2013 Oct 14. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3806956 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Disease Management MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Educational Measurement MH - Humans MH - Learning MH - *Software MH - *Students, Pharmacy KW - clinical skills; learning outcomes; simulation; virtual patient AB - OBJECTIVE: To implement and assess the impact of a virtual patient pilot program on pharmacy students' clinical competence skills. AB - DESIGN: Pharmacy students completed interactive software-based patient case scenarios embedded with drug-therapy problems as part of a course requirement at the end of their third year. AB - ASSESSMENT: Assessments included drug-therapy problem competency achievement, performance on a pretest and posttest, and pilot evaluation survey instrument. Significant improvements in students' posttest scores demonstrated advancement of clinical skills involving drug-therapy problem solving. Students agreed that completing the pilot program improved their chronic disease management skills and the program summarized the course series well. AB - CONCLUSION: Using virtual patient technology allowed for assessment of student competencies and improved learning outcomes. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe778172 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Oct 14 DC - 20131025 YR - 2013 ED - 20140616 RD - 20150422 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24159213 <102. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24084403 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wakeland W AU - Nielsen A AU - Schmidt TD AU - McCarty D AU - Webster LR AU - Fitzgerald J AU - Haddox JD FA - Wakeland, Wayne FA - Nielsen, Alexandra FA - Schmidt, Teresa D FA - McCarty, Dennis FA - Webster, Lynn R FA - Fitzgerald, John FA - Haddox, J David IN - Wakeland,Wayne. 1Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA. TI - Modeling the impact of simulated educational interventions on the use and abuse of pharmaceutical opioids in the United States: a report on initial efforts. SO - Health Education & Behavior. 40(1 Suppl):74S-86S, 2013 Oct. AS - Health Educ Behav. 40(1 Suppl):74S-86S, 2013 Oct. NJ - Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cql, 9704962 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS617037 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4136470 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Computer Simulation MH - Drug Overdose/et [Etiology] MH - Drug Overdose/mo [Mortality] MH - *Drug Overdose/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Health Personnel/ed [Education] MH - Humans MH - Models, Educational MH - Models, Theoretical MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/mo [Mortality] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Patient Education as Topic MH - *Prescription Drug Diversion/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Prescription Drug Diversion/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Risk Assessment MH - Systems Analysis MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] KW - alcohol and substance abuse; dynamic modeling; modeling and simulation; nonlinear dynamics; substance use; systems science AB - Three educational interventions were simulated in a system dynamics model of the medical use, trafficking, and nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioids. The study relied on secondary data obtained in the literature for the period of 1995 to 2008 as well as expert panel recommendations regarding model parameters and structure. The behavior of the resulting systems-level model was tested for fit against reference behavior data. After the base model was tested, logic to represent three educational interventions was added and the impact of each intervention on simulated overdose deaths was evaluated over a 7-year evaluation period, 2008 to 2015. Principal findings were that a prescriber education intervention not only reduced total overdose deaths in the model but also reduced the total number of persons who receive opioid analgesic therapy, medical user education not only reduced overdose deaths among medical users but also resulted in increased deaths from nonmedical use, and a "popularity" intervention sharply reduced overdose deaths among nonmedical users while having no effect on medical use. System dynamics modeling shows promise for evaluating potential interventions to ameliorate the adverse outcomes associated with the complex system surrounding the use of opioid analgesics to treat pain. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1552-6127 IL - 1090-1981 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198113492767 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 5R21DA031361-02 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21 DA031361 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2013 Oct DC - 20131002 YR - 2013 ED - 20140604 RD - 20150422 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24084403 <103. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24132898 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Murray RM AU - Paparelli A AU - Morrison PD AU - Marconi A AU - Di Forti M FA - Murray, Robin M FA - Paparelli, Alessandra FA - Morrison, Paul D FA - Marconi, Arianna FA - Di Forti, Marta IN - Murray,Robin M. Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom. TI - What can we learn about schizophrenia from studying the human model, drug-induced psychosis?. [Review] SO - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics: the Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. 162B(7):661-70, 2013 Oct. AS - Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 162B(7):661-70, 2013 Oct. NJ - American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101235742 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Endocannabinoids/me [Metabolism] MH - Glutamates/me [Metabolism] MH - Humans MH - *Models, Biological MH - *Psychoses, Substance-Induced/pa [Pathology] MH - *Schizophrenia/pa [Pathology] MH - Serotonin/me [Metabolism] KW - LSD; amphetamines; psychosis; schizophrenia; substances AB - When drug-induced psychoses were first identified in the mid-20th century, schizophrenia was considered a discrete disease with a likely genetic cause. Consequently, drug-induced psychoses were not considered central to understanding schizophrenia as they were thought to be phenocopies rather than examples of the illness secondary to a particular known cause. However, now that we know that schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome with multiple component causes, then it is clear that the drug-induced psychoses have much to teach us. This article shows how the major neuropharmacological theories of schizophrenia have their origins in studies of the effects of drugs of abuse. Research into the effects of LSD initiated the serotonergic model; amphetamines the dopamine hypothesis, PCP and ketamine the glutamatergic hypothesis, while most recently the effects of cannabis have provoked interest in the role of endocannabinoids in schizophrenia. None of these models account for the complete picture of schizophrenia; rather the various drug models mimic different aspects of the illness. Determining the different molecular effects of those drugs whose pharmacological effects do and do not mimic the various aspects of schizophrenia has much to teach us concerning the pathogenesis of the illness.Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. RN - 0 (Endocannabinoids) RN - 0 (Glutamates) RN - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin) ES - 1552-485X IL - 1552-4841 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32177 PT - Journal Article PT - Review NO - G0800462 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) LG - English DP - 2013 Oct DC - 20131017 YR - 2013 ED - 20140527 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24132898 <104. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23857430 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Raimbault-Chupin M AU - Spiesser-Robelet L AU - Guir V AU - Annweiler C AU - Beauchet O AU - Clerc MA AU - Moal F FA - Raimbault-Chupin, Melina FA - Spiesser-Robelet, Laurence FA - Guir, Veronique FA - Annweiler, Cedric FA - Beauchet, Olivier FA - Clerc, Marie-Anne FA - Moal, Frederic IN - Raimbault-Chupin,Melina. Department of Pharmacy, Angers University Hospital, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 09, France, melina.raimbault@chu-angers.fr. TI - Drug related problems and pharmacist interventions in a geriatric unit employing electronic prescribing. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 35(5):847-53, 2013 Oct. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 35(5):847-53, 2013 Oct. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Aging MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Electronic Prescribing MH - Female MH - Frail Elderly MH - France/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Health Services for the Aged/ma [Manpower] MH - *Health Services for the Aged MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Iatrogenic Disease/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Iatrogenic Disease/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Medical Staff, Hospital MH - Pharmacology, Clinical/ma [Manpower] MH - Pharmacology, Clinical/mt [Methods] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ma [Manpower] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/mt [Methods] MH - Physicians MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians' MH - *Precision Medicine MH - Referral and Consultation AB - BACKGROUND: Computerised physician order entry (CPOE) and the integration of a pharmacist in clinical wards have been shown to prevent drug related problems (DRPs). AB - OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to make an inventory of the DRPs and resident pharmacist on-ward interventions (PIs) identified in a geriatric acute care unit using CPOE system. The secondary objective was to evaluate the physicians' acceptance of the proposed interventions. AB - SETTING: A 26-bed geriatric ward of a 1,300-bed teaching hospital. AB - METHOD: A 6-month descriptive study with prescription analysis and recommendations to physicians by a resident pharmacist during five half days a week. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' characteristics, number of prescribed drugs per patient, nature and frequency of DRPs and PIs, physicians' acceptance and drugs questioned. AB - RESULTS: Resident pharmacist reviewed 311 patients and identified 241 DRPs. One hundred and fifty-two patients (49 %) had at least one DRP (mean +/- SD age 87 +/- 6 years, mean +/- SD number of prescribed drugs 10.7 +/- 3.4). Most frequent DRPs were: untreated indication (n = 58, 24.1 %), dose too high (n = 46, 19.1 %), improper administration (n = 31, 12.9 %) and drug interactions (n = 23, 9.5 %). The rate of physicians' acceptance was 90.0 % (7.5 % refusals, 2.5 % not assessable). DRPs related to CPOE system misuse (n = 35, 14.5 %) appeared as a worrying phenomenon (e.g., errors in selecting dosage or unit, or duplication of therapy). AB - CONCLUSION: A resident pharmacist detected various DRPs. Most PIs were accepted. DRPs related to the misuse of the CPOE system appeared potentially dangerous and need particular attention by healthcare professionals. The description of the DRPs is an essential step for implementation of targeted clinical pharmacy services in order to optimize pharmacists' job time. ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9821-9 PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study LG - English EP - 20130716 DP - 2013 Oct DC - 20131011 YR - 2013 ED - 20140526 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23857430 <105. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23812679 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lao CK AU - Ho SC AU - Chan KK AU - Tou CF AU - Tong HH AU - Chan A FA - Lao, Cheng Kin FA - Ho, Sao Chan FA - Chan, Ka Kit FA - Tou, Chon Fai FA - Tong, Henry Hoi Yee FA - Chan, Alexandre IN - Lao,Cheng Kin. School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Rua de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, Macao, People's Republic of China, cklao@ipm.edu.mo. TI - Potentially inappropriate prescribing and drug-drug interactions among elderly Chinese nursing home residents in Macao. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 35(5):805-12, 2013 Oct. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 35(5):805-12, 2013 Oct. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Aging MH - China/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Drug Interactions MH - Drug Monitoring/mt [Methods] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Geriatric Assessment MH - Homes for the Aged MH - Humans MH - *Iatrogenic Disease/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Inappropriate Prescribing/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Male MH - Nursing Homes MH - Polypharmacy MH - Prevalence MH - Risk MH - Severity of Illness Index AB - BACKGROUND: The ageing of the population has become a concern all over the world, including Macao. In general, older people are more prone to adverse drug events which can result from potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). AB - OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of PIM use and DDIs among elderly nursing home residents in Macao, and to find out the factors associated with these drug-related problems. AB - SETTING: This study was conducted in the largest nursing home in Macao, with a bed capacity of 168. AB - METHOD: All data of this cross-sectional study were collected from medical charts and medication administration records. PIM use was determined by the screening tool of older person's prescription (STOPP) criteria and potential DDIs were detected using the preset criteria of two compendia, Drug-Reax and Lexi-Interact. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors associated with each drug-related problem. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportions of elderly nursing home residents who regularly used PIMs and who were exposed to DDIs. AB - RESULTS: A total of 114 elderly residents were eligible for PIM analysis. They consumed an average of 6.9 +/- 3.1 different medications. About 46.5 % of them regularly used one or more PIMs. The prevalence of DDIs was 37.8 % among the 111 elderly residents who consumed at least two different medications. An increased number of drugs used was identified as the independent factor associated with PIM use and DDIs (p < 0.05). However, the use of STOPP-related PIMs did not appear to raise the likelihood of DDIs among the study population. AB - CONCLUSION: Both PIM use and DDIs are common among elderly nursing home residents in Macao. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of pharmacist-led interventions for elderly residents in the local nursing home setting. ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9811-y PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20130628 DP - 2013 Oct DC - 20131011 YR - 2013 ED - 20140526 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23812679 <106. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24246120 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Messaadi N AU - Pansu A AU - Cohen O AU - Cottencin O FA - Messaadi, Nassir FA - Pansu, Aymeric FA - Cohen, Olivier FA - Cottencin, Olivier IN - Messaadi,Nassir. Departement de Medecine generale, Faculte Henri Warembourg, Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France. Pansu,Aymeric. Maison medicale Moulins, Lille, France. Cohen,Olivier. Pharmacien, Lille, France. Cottencin,Olivier. Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France. TI - Pharmacists' role in the continued care of patients under opiate substitution treatment. SO - Therapie. 68(6):393-400, 2013 Nov-Dec. AS - Therapie. 68(6):393-400, 2013 Nov-Dec. NJ - Therapie PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - vq6, 0420544 SB - Index Medicus CP - France MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Buprenorphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - France MH - General Practitioners/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - Methadone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Opiate Substitution Treatment/mt [Methods] MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Professional Role MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - CONTEXT: In France, over 170 000 persons benefit from opiate substitution treatment. The treatment delivery is most often assured by community pharmacies spread out throughout the territory. The aim of this study is to better know the continued care of individuals treated by methadone or high-dose buprenorphine in community pharmacies in Lille (North of France). AB - METHOD: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with hand-delivered questionnaires. All pharmacies (n=65) in Lille were included. AB - RESULTS: Fifty-eight of pharmacies (89%) responded to the survey and 55 of them (95%) followed patients treated by opiate substitution treatment. Addiction was considered as an illness by 53 of pharmacists (91%). Confidential discussions could only be conducted at one of every two treatment delivery work station. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists are active in the continued care of individuals treated by opiate substitution treatment. They have a privileged relationship with the general practitioner. A rearrangement of pharmacies' premises could foster the development of therapeutic patient education within the pharmacy.Copyright © 2013 Societe Francaise de Pharmacologie et de Therapeutique. RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0040-5957 IL - 0040-5957 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2515/therapie/2013059 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20131111 DP - 2013 Nov-Dec DC - 20131220 YR - 2013 ED - 20140506 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24246120 <107. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23567099 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Uosukainen H AU - Bell JS AU - Laitinen K AU - Tacke U AU - Ilomaki J AU - Turunen JH FA - Uosukainen, Hanna FA - Bell, J Simon FA - Laitinen, Kirsti FA - Tacke, Ulrich FA - Ilomaki, Jenni FA - Turunen, Juha H O IN - Uosukainen,Hanna. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: hanna.uosukainen@uef.fi. TI - First insights into community pharmacy based buprenorphine-naloxone dispensing in Finland. SO - International Journal of Drug Policy. 24(5):492-7, 2013 Sep. AS - Int J Drug Policy. 24(5):492-7, 2013 Sep. NJ - The International journal on drug policy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9014759 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Finland MH - Humans MH - Naloxone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Opiate Substitution Treatment/mt [Methods] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] KW - Buprenorphine-naloxone; Community pharmacy; Opioid substitution treatment AB - BACKGROUND: Finnish community pharmacies have been permitted to dispense buprenorphine-naloxone since February 2008. This study explored the dispensing practices, service experiences, problems encountered and opportunities for future development. AB - METHODS: In August 2011, a questionnaire was mailed to all Finnish community pharmacies dispensing buprenorphine-naloxone (n=69). AB - RESULTS: Sixty-four pharmacies responded (93%), of which 54 had dispensed buprenorphine-naloxone to 155 clients since 2008. Forty-eight pharmacies had 108 current clients (10% of all buprenorphine-naloxone clients in Finland). Overall satisfaction with buprenorphine-naloxone dispensing was high, with all respondents indicating dispensing had gone 'well' or 'very well'. Fourteen pharmacies (26%) had experienced one or more problems, predominately in relation timing or non-collection of doses. Problems were more common in pharmacies with more than one buprenorphine-naloxone client (odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.86). Most pharmacies (n=43, 80%) identified opportunities for improvement, including the need for more education and financial remuneration. Forty-six pharmacies (85%) were willing to dispense buprenorphine-naloxone to more clients; however, 43 pharmacies (80%) perceived that supervision of buprenorphine-naloxone dosing is not a suitable task for pharmacists in Finland. AB - CONCLUSION: Provision of buprenorphine-naloxone in Finnish community pharmacies has remained relatively small-scale. As experiences have been generally positive and problems rare, it may be possible to expand these services.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RN - 36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) ES - 1873-4758 IL - 0955-3959 DI - S0955-3959(13)00016-9 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.02.004 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20130406 DP - 2013 Sep DC - 20130930 YR - 2013 ED - 20140505 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23567099 <108. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24645858 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Barkin RL FA - Barkin, Robert L IN - Barkin,Robert L. NorthShore University HealthSystem Clinical Pharmacologist of Pain Centers of Evanston and Stokie Hospitals, IL, USA and Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, IL, USA and Professor of Anesthesiology, Family Medicine, Pharmacology at Rush Medical College Faculty, IL, USA. robert_barkin@rush.edu. TI - Interview: The need to tailor pain management approaches to individual requirements. SO - Pain Management. 2(5):435-6, 2012 Sep. AS - Pain manag.. 2(5):435-6, 2012 Sep. NJ - Pain management PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101555934 CP - England AB - Robert L Barkin talks to Roshaine Gunawardana, Commissioning Editor: Dr Barkin has authored over 150 publications including journals, book chapters and CD-Roms. He is a reviewer for over 30 journals, on the editorial board of nine journals and is an Associate Editor of the American Journal of Therapeutics. He received his BSc. Pharmacy degree from St Louis College of Pharmacy and Allied Science St Louis, MO, USA in 1963, an MBA in Healthcare Administration at DePaul University Chicago, IL, USA in 1976 and a doctorate in Clinical Pharmacy at Purdue University, IN, USA in 1985. Dr Barkin is engaged in a very active in-patient and out-patient practice with a collaborative arrangement with five anesthesiologist and consults with physical medicine and rehabilitation, rheumatology, oncology, neurology, neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry and chemical dependency/addiction specialists. He has presented over 500 formal lectures in the USA, Poland, India, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Australia and Canada. Dr Barkin's interest lies in pain, psychiatry, geriatrics, clinical pharmacology, clinical testing for medication and pain pharmacology. He has been the first to be granted scientific status with the American Academy of Pain Medicine. ES - 1758-1877 IL - 1758-1869 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.12.45 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Sep DC - 20140320 YR - 2012 ED - 20140430 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24645858 <109. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24778818 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Gheonea DI AU - Vilmann P AU - Saftoiu A AU - Ciurea T AU - Pirvu D AU - Ionescu M FA - Gheonea, D I FA - Vilmann, P FA - Saftoiu, A FA - Ciurea, T FA - Pirvu, D FA - Ionescu, M IN - Gheonea,D I. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania. Vilmann,P. Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark. Saftoiu,A. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania. Ciurea,T. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania. Pirvu,D. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania. Ionescu,M. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania. TI - The differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. SO - Current Health Sciences Journal. 35(3):159-64, 2009 Jul. AS - Curr. Health Sci. J.. 35(3):159-64, 2009 Jul. NJ - Current health sciences journal PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101597164 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3945245 CP - Romania KW - chronic pancreatitis; endoscopic ultrasound; endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy; transabdominal ultrasound AB - BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas with a physiopathology that is yet to be fully understood, with a multifactorial etiology, of which alcohol abuse causes the majority of cases. PATIENTS AND METHOD We included 80 patients diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis, admitted in the Gastroenterology Clinic of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova. In each patient, demographic parameters, family and personal history were recorded. All patients were initially evaluated by transabdominal ultrasound. In selected cases other imagistic methods were used: computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. RESULTS The mean age in the studied group ranged between 26 and 76 years with a mean age of 52.9 years. The male to female ratio was 3.6:1. The most frequent presenting symptom was abdominal pain (93.75%), followed by fatigue (70%), anorexia (50%); fewer patients presented with emesis, loss of weight, diarrhea, meteorism and flatulence. The most frequent etiologic factor of chronic pancreatitis in the studied group was alcohol abuse. Using imaging methods the following complications of chronic pancreatitis were diagnosed in the studied group: complicated or uncomplicated pseudocysts (31.57%), pancreatic cancer (18.75%), obstructive jaundice (10%), segmental portal hypertension (2.5%), and pseudoaneurysm (1.25%).CONCLUSSIONS Transabdominal ultrasound is quite accurate in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis and its morbidities and its non-invasiveness makes it the method of choice in the initial assessment of the disease. EUS has the advantage of visualizing not just the modifications of the pancreatic ducts, but also the parenchyma. Moreover, it can be used as EUS-FNA in order to increase the sensitivity of the differential diagnosis between pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. IS - 2067-0656 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20090921 DP - 2009 Jul DC - 20140429 YR - 2009 ED - 20140429 RD - 20140507 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24778818 <110. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23912070 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vyas D AU - Lackey G AU - McCulloh RJ FA - Vyas, Deepti FA - Lackey, Grant FA - McCulloh, Russell J IN - Vyas,Deepti. Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton. vyasd80@gmail.com TI - Acute overdose: suicide attempt. SO - Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of The Society for Medical Simulation. 8(4):272-8, 2013 Aug. AS - Simul. healthc.. 8(4):272-8, 2013 Aug. NJ - Simulation in healthcare : journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101264408 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Acetaminophen/po [Poisoning] MH - Acetylcysteine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Adolescent MH - Antidotes/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Charcoal/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Diphenhydramine/po [Poisoning] MH - *Drug Overdose/th [Therapy] MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Electrocardiography MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Seizures MH - *Suicide, Attempted RN - 0 (Antidotes) RN - 16291-96-6 (Charcoal) RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) RN - 8GTS82S83M (Diphenhydramine) RN - WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine) ES - 1559-713X IL - 1559-2332 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0b013e318296abc2 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Aug DC - 20130805 YR - 2013 ED - 20140415 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23912070 <111. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24688618 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Skowron A AU - Polak S AU - Brandys J FA - Skowron, Agnieszka FA - Polak, Sebastian FA - Brandys, Jerzy IN - Skowron,Agnieszka. Jagiellonian University , School of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Krakow ( Poland ). Polak,Sebastian. Jagiellonian University , School of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Krakow ( Poland ). Brandys,Jerzy. Jagiellonian University , School of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Krakow ( Poland ). TI - The impact of pharmaceutical care on patients with hypertension and their pharmacists. SO - Pharmacy Practice. 9(2):110-5, 2011 Apr. AS - Pharm. pract.. 9(2):110-5, 2011 Apr. NJ - Pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101530029 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3969835 CP - Spain KW - Community Pharmacy Services; Hypertension; Medication Therapy Management; Poland AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of pharmaceutical care on patients' knowledge, quality of life and blood pressure and to determine whether new type of pharmaceutical services changes the pharmacists' satisfaction and knowledge. AB - METHODS: Community pharmacies were randomly assigned to study and control group and pharmacists from both groups included patients with hypertension, who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study group provided the pharmaceutical care (education, pharmacotherapy monitoring, detecting and solving drug related problems) for their patients, while the control group provided the standard pharmaceutical services (dispensing medicines with or without counseling). At the beginning and the end of the study pharmacists and patients filled in the knowledge test. Pharmacists fulfilled also satisfaction questionnaire. AB - RESULTS: Survey data were collected from 28 and 56 patients from community pharmacies in study and control group respectively. At the last meeting the normal blood pressure achieved 79% and 55% patients in study and control group, respectively (p>0,05). The pharmaceutical care improved patients' knowledge about disease. Pharmacists from study group, who provided pharmaceutical care, had higher level of pharmacotherapy knowledge and professional satisfaction than the control group. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of pharmaceutical care into the pharmacy practice benefits both, patients and pharmacists. IS - 1885-642X IL - 1885-642X PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110617 DP - 2011 Apr DC - 20140401 YR - 2011 ED - 20140401 RD - 20140408 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24688618 <112. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24660011 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Zou D AU - Tannenbaum C FA - Zou, Dan FA - Tannenbaum, Cara IN - Zou,Dan. Faculties of Pharmacy (Zou, Tannenbaum) and Medicine (Tannenbaum), Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec. Tannenbaum,Cara. Faculties of Pharmacy (Zou, Tannenbaum) and Medicine (Tannenbaum), Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec. TI - Educational needs, practice patterns and quality indicators to improve geriatric pharmacy care. SO - Canadian Pharmacists Journal. 147(2):110-7, 2014 Mar. AS - Can Pharm J (Ott). 147(2):110-7, 2014 Mar. NJ - Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101257110 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3962060 CP - United States AB - BACKGROUND: As the population ages and pressure increases to reduce adverse drug reactions and drug-related hospitalizations in the elderly, there will be a growing demand for pharmacists to competently take on shared responsibility for effective and safe prescribing in older adults. AB - METHODS: A cross-sectional postal survey was distributed to 3927 hospital and community pharmacists across Quebec about their educational needs and practice patterns in geriatric care. Perceptions of different quality performance indicators were sought. Modifiable factors associated with higher performance were determined using univariate logistic regression. AB - RESULTS: Seven hundred six pharmacists (18%) completed the survey. Less than 50% were aware of the prevalence of polypharmacy, inappropriate prescribing, drug-related hospitalizations or falls in the geriatric population. Forty-one percent of community pharmacists and 74% of hospital pharmacists acknowledged familiarity with the Beers criteria of drugs to avoid in the elderly. The likelihood of screening for inappropriate prescriptions was 2.96 (95% confidence interval = 1.97-4.47) among pharmacists familiar with the Beers criteria and 2.24 (95% confidence interval = 1.50-3.34) among those who received continuing geriatric education in the workplace. On average, pharmacists reported having time to conduct detailed medication reviews in 30% of their older patients. The 2 quality indicators of geriatric care that were ranked most pertinent were being able to track the number of patients requiring hospitalization for drug-related problems and monitoring rates of inappropriate prescriptions. Ninety-six percent of respondents desired continuing education about geriatric care. AB - CONCLUSION: Exposure to continuing education in geriatric pharmacotherapy in the workplace is the most consistent determinant of professional performance to improve drug outcomes in the elderly. IS - 1715-1635 IL - 1715-1635 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163514521378 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2014 Mar DC - 20140324 YR - 2014 ED - 20140324 RD - 20140326 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24660011 <113. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24645705 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Zacny J FA - Zacny, James IN - Zacny,James. Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, MC4028, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. jzacny@dacc.uchicago.edu. TI - Ask the Experts: What do we know (and not know) about prescription opioid misuse in the context of chronic pain management?. SO - Pain Management. 1(5):395-8, 2011 Sep. AS - Pain manag.. 1(5):395-8, 2011 Sep. NJ - Pain management PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101555934 CP - England AB - James Zacny received his PhD in Psychology at West Virginia University (WV, USA) in 1984. From 1984 to 1986 he did a postdoctoral fellowship at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (MD, USA) in the Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. He then became Research Associate in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Chicago (IL, USA) and conducted both preclinical and human psychopharmacology studies. In 1992 he joined the faculty in the Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care at the University where he is currently Professor. His two primary research interests have been in studying the psychopharmacological effects of drugs used in anesthesiology, chiefly inhaled and intravenous general anesthetics at subanesthestic doses, and opioid analgesics, in healthy nondrug-abusing volunteers. The unique research environment he is in fostered a large body of research that systematically characterized the subjective, psychomotor and reinforcing (rewarding) effects of a number of different anesthetic and analgesic agents. Dr Zacny's primary source of funding is through the National Institute on Drug Abuse and in 1999 was presented with a MERIT award for his research on opioids. In 2001 he focused his efforts on prescription opioids at about the same time that warning signs started to emerge indicating that prescription opioid abuse was on the rise. He has characterized the psychopharmacological effects of a number of prescription opioids, as well as investigated possible factors that might modulate their positive (as well as negative) subjective effects including gender, sensation seeking and alcohol. He has also written guest editorials on the psychomotor effects of opioids in relation to the ability of chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy to drive. He is an elected member of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence and of the Association of University Anesthesiologists, and served as President of the Division of Psychopharmacology and Substance Abuse of the American Psychological Association, and the International Study Group Investigating Drugs as Reinforcers. IS - 1758-1869 IL - 1758-1869 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.11.40 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Sep DC - 20140320 YR - 2011 ED - 20140321 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24645705 <114. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23410261 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Erdem E AU - Undar IH AU - Esen E AU - Yar K AU - Yagmur M AU - Ersoz R FA - Erdem, Elif FA - Undar, Ismail Hakki FA - Esen, Ebru FA - Yar, Kemal FA - Yagmur, Meltem FA - Ersoz, Reha IN - Erdem,Elif. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. elif.erdem.1979@gmail.com TI - Topical anesthetic eye drops abuse: are we aware of the danger?. SO - Cutaneous & Ocular Toxicology. 32(3):189-93, 2013 Sep. AS - Cutan. ocul. toxicol.. 32(3):189-93, 2013 Sep. NJ - Cutaneous and ocular toxicology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101266892 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Administration, Topical MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Anesthetics, Local/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Anesthetics, Local/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Corneal Diseases/et [Etiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/et [Etiology] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Ophthalmic Solutions/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Ophthalmic Solutions/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Pain/et [Etiology] MH - Photophobia/et [Etiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical results of topical anesthetic drug (TAD) abuse and to evaluate the results in terms of preventive medicine and public health. AB - METHODS: Patients who had been followed in a cornea unit between March 2009 and November 2011 for TAD abuse keratopathy were included in the study. The demographics, duration of TAD use, symptoms, ocular findings, treatment modalities, visual acuities, complications and accompanying psychiatric problems data were obtained from medical records. AB - RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 8 patients (3 females and 5 males) were evaluated retrospectively. One of the patients was provided the drug with a primary care pratitioner's prescription and for the other 7 patients, it was available from pharmacies without prescription. According to their clinical history, 4 patients were suffering from exposure to welding flash with a corneal foreign body, 2 from lagophthalmus-related keratopathy, 1 from traumatic corneal abrasion, and 1 from exposure to silica dust at work. The mean duration of TAD usage was 14.8+/-7.78 days. Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal epithelial defect in all eyes, stromal opacity in 11 eyes and ring-shaped infiltrates in 8 eyes. AB - CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled overuse of TAD can lead to serious ocular morbidities. Similarity of the clinical signs of this abuse to those of infectious keratitis together with the fact practitioners and managers to take measures to prevent the ready supply of these drugs from pharmacies and to raise public awareness with education programs. RN - 0 (Anesthetics, Local) RN - 0 (Ophthalmic Solutions) ES - 1556-9535 IL - 1556-9527 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569527.2012.744758 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130215 DP - 2013 Sep DC - 20130821 YR - 2013 ED - 20140318 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23410261 <115. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24090328 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - d'Abbs P AU - Togni S AU - Rosewarne C AU - Boffa J FA - d'Abbs, Peter FA - Togni, Samantha FA - Rosewarne, Clive FA - Boffa, John IN - d'Abbs,Peter. Menzies School of Health Research, Northern Territory Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Northern Territory Research Consultant, Northern Territory Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Northern Territory. TI - The Grog Mob: lessons from an evaluation of a multi-disciplinary alcohol intervention for Aboriginal clients. SO - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 37(5):450-6, 2013 Oct. AS - Aust N Z J Public Health. 37(5):450-6, 2013 Oct. NJ - Australian and New Zealand journal of public health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ck2, 9611095 SB - Index Medicus CP - Australia MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Alcohol Drinking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Alcohol Drinking/px [Psychology] MH - Alcohol Drinking/th [Therapy] MH - Alcohol-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Alcohol-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Ambulatory Care MH - Cognitive Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Evidence-Based Practice MH - Female MH - Health Services, Indigenous/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Oceanic Ancestry Group MH - *Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - Qualitative Research MH - Referral and Consultation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Social Support MH - Young Adult KW - Indigenous health services; alcohol abuse; ambulatory care; evidence-based practice; program evaluation AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a 12-month trial of an evidence-based non-residential treatment program for Indigenous clients with alcohol problems, offering three streams of care: pharmacotherapy, psychological and social support. AB - METHODS: Process evaluation of program implementation; outcome evaluation of client outcomes. AB - RESULTS: AB - IMPLEMENTATION: despite constraints of time and remoteness, the trial demonstrated the feasibility of implementing such a program. The medical stream generated fewer pharmacotherapy prescriptions than expected. The most active stream was the psychological therapy stream. AB - OUTCOMES: between March 2008 and April 2009, 129 clients were referred to the program, of whom 49 consented to have de-identified data used for the evaluation. Of these, 19 clients received one or more streams of care, 15 of whom (78.9%) subsequently stopped or reduced drinking. However, among the remaining 30 consenting clients who had not received an intervention, 70.0% also reported stopping or reducing drinking. The evidence of program effectiveness is therefore equivocal and evaluation over a longer period is required. AB - CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The trial demonstrated the viability of, and demand for, evidence-based non-residential treatment for Indigenous clients with alcohol problems. Reasons behind an apparent reluctance among GPs to prescribe pharmacotherapy for Indigenous clients, and steps to overcome this, need further attention.Copyright © 2013 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2013 Public Health Association of Australia. ES - 1753-6405 IL - 1326-0200 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12122 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2013 Oct DC - 20131004 YR - 2013 ED - 20140317 RD - 20151117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24090328 <116. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21224197 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Martin CM FA - Martin, Caren McHenry IN - Martin,Caren McHenry. consultant pharmacist in Greensboro, North Carolina. TI - Methadone: marvelous, malevolent, or merely misunderstood?. [Review] SO - Consultant Pharmacist. 26(1):32-40, 2011 Jan. AS - Consult Pharm. 26(1):32-40, 2011 Jan. NJ - The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9013983 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - *Methadone/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pain Management/mt [Methods] AB - Methadone is an opioid analgesic that is also commonly used to prevent opioid-withdrawal symptoms in patients undergoing treatment for opioid addiction. The prescribing of methadone for pain management has been under scrutiny because of a high incidence of deaths associated with its use. However, many practitioners find methadone offers numerous benefits, including dosing options and duration of analgesia. Methadone may still have a place in pain management when practitioners are adequately educated about methadone's pharmacologic properties, dosing, and monitoring considerations. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0888-5109 IL - 0888-5109 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2011.32 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2011 Jan DC - 20110112 YR - 2011 ED - 20140317 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21224197 <117. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24478655 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Creed MC AU - Ntamati NR AU - Tan KR FA - Creed, Meaghan C FA - Ntamati, Niels R FA - Tan, Kelly R IN - Creed,Meaghan C. Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland. Ntamati,Niels R. Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland. Tan,Kelly R. Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland. TI - VTA GABA neurons modulate specific learning behaviors through the control of dopamine and cholinergic systems. [Review] SO - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 8:8, 2014. AS - Front Behav Neurosci. 8:8, 2014. NJ - Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101477952 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3897868 CP - Switzerland KW - NAc; VTA; acetylcholine; benzodiazepine; dopamine; interneuron; optogenetics; pharmacogenetics AB - The mesolimbic reward system is primarily comprised of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as well as their afferent and efferent connections. This circuitry is essential for learning about stimuli associated with motivationally-relevant outcomes. Moreover, addictive drugs affect and remodel this system, which may underlie their addictive properties. In addition to dopamine (DA) neurons, the VTA also contains approximately 30% gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. The task of signaling both rewarding and aversive events from the VTA to the NAc has mostly been ascribed to DA neurons and the role of GABA neurons has been largely neglected until recently. GABA neurons provide local inhibition of DA neurons and also long-range inhibition of projection regions, including the NAc. Here we review studies using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiology, pharmacogenetic and optogenetic manipulations that have characterized the functional neuroanatomy of inhibitory circuits in the mesolimbic system, and describe how GABA neurons of the VTA regulate reward and aversion-related learning. We also discuss pharmacogenetic manipulation of this system with benzodiazepines (BDZs), a class of addictive drugs, which act directly on GABAA receptors located on GABA neurons of the VTA. The results gathered with each of these approaches suggest that VTA GABA neurons bi-directionally modulate activity of local DA neurons, underlying reward or aversion at the behavioral level. Conversely, long-range GABA projections from the VTA to the NAc selectively target cholinergic interneurons (CINs) to pause their firing and temporarily reduce cholinergic tone in the NAc, which modulates associative learning. Further characterization of inhibitory circuit function within and beyond the VTA is needed in order to fully understand the function of the mesolimbic system under normal and pathological conditions. ES - 1662-5153 IL - 1662-5153 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00008 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20140122 DP - 2014 DC - 20140130 YR - 2014 ED - 20140310 RD - 20140311 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24478655 <118. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23687210 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lai CW AU - Chan WK FA - Lai, C W FA - Chan, W K IN - Lai,C W. The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. TI - Legislations combating counterfeit drugs in Hong Kong. SO - Hong Kong Medical Journal. 19(4):286-93, 2013 Aug. AS - HONG KONG MED. J.. 19(4):286-93, 2013 Aug. NJ - Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - dnz, 9512509 SB - Index Medicus CP - China MH - *Counterfeit Drugs MH - Crime MH - Hong Kong MH - Humans MH - *Legislation, Drug MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations/st [Standards] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Professional Role AB - OBJECTIVE: To understand legislation combating counterfeit drugs in Hong Kong. AB - DESIGN: This study consisted of two parts. In part I, counterfeit drugs-related ordinances and court cases were reviewed. In part II, indepth interviews of the stakeholders were described. AB - SETTING: Hong Kong. AB - PARTICIPANTS: All Hong Kong ordinances were screened manually to identify those combating counterfeit drugs. Court cases were searched for each of the identified cases. Then, the relevant judgement justifications were analysed to identify sentencing issues. Indepth interviews with the stakeholders were conducted to understand their perceptions about such legislation. AB - RESULTS: Trade Marks Ordinance, Patents Ordinance, Trade Descriptions Ordinance, and Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance were current legislative items combating counterfeit drugs. Sentencing criteria depended on: intention to deceive, quantity of seized drugs, presence of expected therapeutic effect or toxic ingredients, previous criminal records, cooperativeness with Customs officers, honest confessions, pleas of guilty, types of drugs, and precautionary measures to prevent sale of counterfeit drugs. Stakeholders' perceptions were explored with respect to legislation regarding the scale and significance of the counterfeit drug problem, penalties and deterrents, drug-specific legislation and authority, and inspections and enforcement. AB - CONCLUSIONS: To plug the loopholes, a specific law with heavy penalties should be adopted. This could be supplemented by non-legal measures like education of judges, lawyers, and the public; publishing the names of offending pharmacies; and emphasising the role of pharmacists to the public. RN - 0 (Counterfeit Drugs) RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 1024-2708 IL - 1024-2708 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Aug DC - 20130925 YR - 2013 ED - 20140305 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23687210 <119. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23228095 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Benzon HT AU - Kendall MC AU - Katz JA AU - Benzon HA AU - Malik K AU - Cox P AU - Dean K AU - Avram MJ FA - Benzon, Honorio T FA - Kendall, Mark C FA - Katz, Jeffrey A FA - Benzon, Hubert A FA - Malik, Khalid FA - Cox, Paul FA - Dean, Kathryn FA - Avram, Michael J IN - Benzon,Honorio T. Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. h-benzon@northwestern.edu TI - Prescription patterns of pain medicine physicians. SO - Pain Practice. 13(6):440-50, 2013 Jul. AS - Pain pract.. 13(6):440-50, 2013 Jul. NJ - Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101130835 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Acetaminophen/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Analgesics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Humans MH - Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Pain/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Physicians/td [Trends] MH - *Professional Practice/td [Trends] MH - *Surveys and Questionnaires KW - analgesics; neuropathic pain; non-narcotic analgesics; opioid agreements; opioids; prescription patterns; urine drug screening AB - OBJECTIVES: Our study surveyed physician members of 3 American pain societies to determine prescription patterns and whether these practices reflect current expert opinion. AB - METHODS: We sent 3 mailings to 2938 physicians from January 2010 to January 2011. The questionnaire contained 49 questions on topics related to opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and preferences for the different pain syndromes. AB - RESULTS: A total of 474 physicians responded, representing a 16% return. Seventy-two percent ask patients to sign an opioid agreement, 59% order random urine drug testing, 13% wait until the dose of methadone is between 100 and 150 mg before converting the drug to another opioid, and 85% do not think there is a maximum dose of opioids with respect to driving. Most responders prescribe codeine to Caucasians and Asians. While 42% stated that the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen is 3000 mg, 75% would decrease the dose in patients who are moderate or heavy drinkers. Fifty-four percent do not order an ECG at all when prescribing tricyclic antidepressants. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The responses pertaining to opioid agreements, urine drug testing, acetaminophen, and treatment for neuropathic pain are reassuring in that they prevent misuse and abuse of opioids, prevent acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, and reflect evidence-based treatments. However, we identified gaps in knowledge, including the prescription of codeine in certain populations and the use of electrocardiogram in patients on antidepressants. Further education of physicians who treat chronic pain pharmacologically is warranted.Copyright © 2012 The Authors Pain Practice © 2012 World Institute of Pain. RN - 0 (Analgesics) RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) ES - 1533-2500 IL - 1530-7085 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papr.12011 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20121210 DP - 2013 Jul DC - 20130704 YR - 2013 ED - 20140224 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23228095 <120. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24524030 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Matinfar M AU - Esfahani MM AU - Aslany N AU - Davoodi SH AU - Parsaei P AU - Zarei G AU - Reisi P FA - Matinfar, Mahdieh FA - Esfahani, Mahsa Masjedi FA - Aslany, Neda FA - Davoodi, Seyyed Hamid FA - Parsaei, Pouya FA - Zarei, Ghasem FA - Reisi, Parham IN - Matinfar,Mahdieh. Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Esfahani,Mahsa Masjedi. Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Aslany,Neda. Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Davoodi,Seyyed Hamid. Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Parsaei,Pouya. Young Researchers Club, Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Zarei,Ghasem. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Reisi,Parham. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. TI - Effect of repeated morphine withdrawal on spatial learning, memory and serum cortisol level in mice. SO - Advanced Biomedical Research. 2:80, 2013. AS - Adv. biomed. res.. 2:80, 2013. NJ - Advanced biomedical research PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101586897 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3908697 CP - India KW - Cortisol; morphine; naloxone; spatial learning and memory; withdrawal syndrome AB - BACKGROUND: One of the serious problems that opioid addicted people are facing is repeated withdrawal syndrome that is accompanying with a significant stress load for addicts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated withdrawal on spatial learning, memory and serum cortisol levels in morphine-dependent mice. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male NMRI mice received morphine as daily increasing doses for 3 days. After that, the mice underwent one time or repeated spontaneous or pharmacologic (naloxone-precipitated) withdrawal. Then spatial learning and memory were investigated by morris water maze test, and at the end trunk blood samples were collected for measurement of serum cortisol levels. AB - RESULTS: The results showed that only repeated spontaneous withdrawal significantly increases escape latency (P < 0.05), and in other models of withdrawal, spatial learning and memory were intact. The results of probe trial were intact in all groups. Radioimmunoassay showed that serum cortisol levels were increased significantly in all models of withdrawal (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) except the repeated spontaneous withdrawal. AB - CONCLUSION: The results showed that short periods of withdrawal syndrome can increase serum cortisol levels; however they do not affect spatial learning and memory. Nevertheless, repeated spontaneous withdrawal can make learning slow. ES - 2277-9175 IL - 2277-9175 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.120868 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20131030 DP - 2013 DC - 20140213 YR - 2013 ED - 20140213 RD - 20140217 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24524030 <121. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23975659 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Stanton A AU - Grimshaw G FA - Stanton, Alan FA - Grimshaw, Gill IN - Stanton,Alan. Heart of England Foundation Trust, 3, The Green, Shirley, UK, B90 4LA. TI - Tobacco cessation interventions for young people. [Review][Update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD003289; PMID: 17054164] SO - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8:CD003289, 2013. AS - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 8:CD003289, 2013. NJ - The Cochrane database of systematic reviews PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100909747 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Cognitive Therapy MH - Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic MH - Humans MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Tobacco Use Cessation/px [Psychology] MH - Young Adult AB - BACKGROUND: Most tobacco control programmes for adolescents are based around prevention of uptake, but teenage smoking is still common. It is unclear if interventions that are effective for adults can also help adolescents to quit. This is the second update of a Cochrane review first published in 2006. AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of strategies that help young people to stop smoking tobacco. AB - SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register in February 2013. This includes reports for trials identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsyclNFO. AB - SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials and other controlled trials recruiting young people, aged less than 20, who were regular tobacco smokers. We included any interventions; these could include pharmacotherapy, psycho-social interventions and complex programmes targeting families, schools or communities. We excluded programmes primarily aimed at prevention of uptake. The primary outcome was smoking status after at least six months follow-up among those who smoked at baseline. AB - DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both authors independently assessed the eligibility of candidate trials and extracted data. Included studies were evaluated for risk of bias using standard Cochrane methodology. Where meta-analysis was appropriate, we estimated pooled risk ratios using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method, based on the quit rates at longest follow-up. AB - MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-eight trials involving approximately 6000 young people met our inclusion criteria (12 cluster-randomized controlled trials, 14 randomized controlled trials and 2 controlled trials). The majority of studies were judged to be at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain. Many studies combined components from various theoretical backgrounds to form complex interventions.The majority used some form of motivational enhancement combined with psychological support such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and some were tailored to stage of change using the transtheoretical model (TTM). Three trials based mainly on TTM interventions achieved moderate long-term success, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 1.56 at one year (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 to 2.01). The 12 trials that included some form of motivational enhancement gave an estimated RR of 1.60 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.01). None of the 13 individual trials of complex interventions that included cognitive behavioural therapy achieved statistically significant results, and results were not pooled due to clinical heterogeneity. There was a marginally significant effect of pooling six studies of the Not on Tobacco programme (RR of 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71), although three of the trials used abstinence for as little as 24 hours at six months as the cessation outcome. A small trial testing nicotine replacement therapy did not detect a statistically significant effect. Two trials of bupropion, one testing two doses and one testing it as an adjunct to NRT, did not detect significant effects. Studies of pharmacotherapies reported some adverse events considered related to study treatment, though most were mild, whereas no adverse events were reported in studies of behavioural interventions. AB - AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Complex approaches show promise, with some persistence of abstinence (30 days point prevalence abstinence or continuous abstinence at six months), especially those incorporating elements sensitive to stage of change and using motivational enhancement and CBT. Given the episodic nature of adolescent smoking, more data is needed on sustained quitting. There were few trials with evidence about pharmacological interventions (nicotine replacement and bupropion), and none demonstrated effectiveness for adolescent smokers. There is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend widespread implementation of any one model. There continues to be a need for well-designed adequately powered randomized controlled trials of interventions for this population of smokers. ES - 1469-493X IL - 1361-6137 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003289.pub5 PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Review LG - English EP - 20130823 DP - 2013 DC - 20130903 YR - 2013 ED - 20140206 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23975659 <122. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24494090 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Nakhaee A AU - Ghassemi AR AU - Torshizi Z AU - Ebrahimi N AU - Rostami N AU - Karimzadeh Z AU - Sanjaripoor A AU - Sheibani V FA - Nakhaee, Akram FA - Ghassemi, Amir Reza FA - Torshizi, Zahra FA - Ebrahimi, Nazanin FA - Rostami, Najmeh FA - Karimzadeh, Zohreh FA - Sanjaripoor, Asieh FA - Sheibani, Vahid IN - Nakhaee,Akram. Researcher, Students' Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ghassemi,Amir Reza. Researcher, Students' Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Torshizi,Zahra. Researcher, Students' Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ebrahimi,Nazanin. Researcher, Students' Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Rostami,Najmeh. Researcher, Students' Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Karimzadeh,Zohreh. Researcher, Students' Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Sanjaripoor,Asieh. Researcher, Students' Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Sheibani,Vahid. Assistant Professor of Physiology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. TI - Knowledge of Dentistry, Medicine, and Pharmacy Students about Psychedelic Drugs in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. SO - Addiction & Health. 1(2):92-7, 2009. AS - Addict. health. 1(2):92-7, 2009. NJ - Addiction & health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101582275 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3905484 CP - Iran KW - Crack; Ecstasy; Ice; Knowledge; LSD; Professional PhD students; Psychedelic drugs; Yaba AB - BACKGROUND: Psychedelic drugs can cause one to get out of normal status and permanent cerebral defects, via affecting central nervous system. Consumption of theses drugs seems to be increasing nowadays especially among the youth and university educated population. We conducted a study to evaluate the awareness of medical science students of Kerman University of medical science who are going to be the future medical population. AB - METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 471 of students of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy which were in the first to forth year of their education about psychedelic drugs (Ecstasy, LSD, Ice, crack and Yaba). To evaluate the students' awareness of drugs we used questionnaire with reliability and validity proven via pilot study. Statistics analysis was performed using SPSS13 software. AB - FINDINGS: Average of their age was 3.2 +/- 20.4. Overall among the students, 56.7% were in the low level of insight, 34.3% in medium and 6.9% in good level and 2.2% had best insight of the drugs. Also only 32.2% of students had the full information about the name of drug, 25.7 % had information about the form of them, 24% about the addiction with them, 7% about their complication and only 5% about the origin of drugs. The information about all psychedelic drugs was higher among pharmacy students, students of the third year and males. AB - CONCLUSION: Our study showed a low insight about psychedelic drugs like Ecstasy, LSD, Ice, Crack, and Yaba among the students. According to this lack of information of these groups, it is suggested that educational courses about the complication, signs and symptoms of these drugs be held. IS - 2008-4633 IL - 2008-4633 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2009 DC - 20140204 YR - 2009 ED - 20140204 RD - 20140210 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24494090 <123. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24377176 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kudlow PA AU - Naylor KT AU - Xie B AU - McIntyre RS FA - Kudlow, Paul A FA - Naylor, Karline Treurnicht FA - Xie, Bin FA - McIntyre, Roger S IN - Kudlow,Paul A. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. paul.kudlow@gmail.com Naylor,Karline Treurnicht. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Xie,Bin. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. McIntyre,Roger S. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. TI - Cognitive enhancement in Canadian medical students. SO - Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 45(4):360-5, 2013 Sep-Oct. AS - J Psychoactive Drugs. 45(4):360-5, 2013 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of psychoactive drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jlp, 8113536 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Canada/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Nootropic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Students, Medical/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: Cognitive enhancing agents are substances that may augment functions such as memory, attention, concentration, wakefulness, and intelligence. AB - METHODS: An anonymous, online survey containing a series of questions on the actual and hypothetical use of cognitive enhancers was sent via email to 647 medical students across all four years in one Canadian MD program. AB - RESULTS: The response rate was 50% (326/647). Overall, 49 (15%, 95% CI: 11% to 19%) students admitted to non-medical and/or off-label use of one or more pharmaceutical stimulants, of whom 14 (4%, 95% CI: 2% to 6%) had used stimulants within the last year. Senior medical students reported recent use more often than junior students (8% vs. 2%, P = 0.04). Class seniority and male gender were both associated with positive attitudes towards use of these agents; favorable attitudes were associated with recent use of pharmaceutical stimulant and high-caffeine products. AB - CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of Canadian medical students have engaged at some point in non-medical and/or off-label use of stimulants for purposes of cognitive enhancement. Male students and those in upper years of the MD program were more likely to have used pharmaceutical stimulants in the last year, and have favorable attitudes concerning use of cognitive-enhancing agents. RN - 0 (Nootropic Agents) IS - 0279-1072 IL - 0279-1072 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2013 Sep-Oct DC - 20131231 YR - 2013 ED - 20140130 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24377176 <124. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23279925 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Chambers RA FA - Chambers, R Andrew IN - Chambers,R Andrew. Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis & Development, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States. robchamb@iupui.edu TI - Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the pathogenesis of addiction and dual diagnosis disorders. [Review] SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 130(1-3):1-12, 2013 Jun 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 130(1-3):1-12, 2013 Jun 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS434539 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3640791 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Animals MH - *Behavior, Addictive/di [Diagnosis] MH - Behavior, Addictive/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) MH - *Hippocampus/pa [Pathology] MH - Humans MH - *Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Neurogenesis/ph [Physiology] MH - *Neurogenesis MH - Neuronal Plasticity/ph [Physiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: As knowledge deepens about how new neurons are born, differentiate, and wire into the adult mammalian brain, growing evidence depicts hippocampal neurogenesis as a special form of neuroplasticity that may be impaired across psychiatric disorders. This review provides an integrated-evidence based framework describing a neurogenic basis for addictions and addiction vulnerability in mental illness. AB - METHODS: Basic studies conducted over the last decade examining the effects of addictive drugs on adult neurogenesis and the impact of neurogenic activity on addictive behavior were compiled and integrated with relevant neurocomputational and human studies. AB - RESULTS: While suppression of hippocampal neurogenic proliferation appears to be a universal property of addictive drugs, the pathophysiology of addictions involves neuroadaptative processes within frontal-cortical-striatal motivation circuits that the neurogenic hippocampus regulates via direct projections. States of suppressed neurogenic activity may simultaneously underlie psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, but also confer or signify hippocampal dysfunction that heightens addiction vulnerability in mental illness as a basis for dual diagnosis disorders. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Research on pharmacological, behavioral and experiential strategies that enhance adaptive regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis holds potential in advancing preventative and integrative treatment strategies for addictions and dual diagnosis disorders.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DI - S0376-8716(12)00481-4 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.005 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - K08 DA-019850 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - K08 DA019850 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 AA020396 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R01-AA020396 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - RC2 AA019366 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - RC2-AA019366 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20121229 DP - 2013 Jun 1 DC - 20130506 YR - 2013 ED - 20140127 RD - 20150219 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23279925 <125. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23740336 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Casty FE AU - Wieman MS AU - Shusterman N FA - Casty, Frank E FA - Wieman, Matthew S FA - Shusterman, Neil IN - Casty,Frank E. Clinical Development and Medical Science, Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1400 Atwater Drive, Malvern, PA 19355, USA. TI - Current topics in opioid therapy for pain management: addressing the problem of abuse. [Review] SO - Clinical Drug Investigation. 33(7):459-68, 2013 Jul. AS - Clin Drug Invest. 33(7):459-68, 2013 Jul. NJ - Clinical drug investigation PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9504817 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Drug Monitoring MH - Humans MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Pain Management/ae [Adverse Effects] AB - Opioids are an established therapy for cancer pain and have become an accepted therapy for chronic noncancer pain. However, increased prescribing of opioids in recent years has been accompanied by an increase in prescription opioid abuse. All opioids have inherent potential for abuse, but gaps in healthcare provider understanding of or adherence to best prescribing practices may facilitate the misdirection of opioids for abuse. To address these concerns, the US Food and Drug Administration has required pharmaceutical manufacturers to develop Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) for prescribers of extended-release/long-acting (ER/LA) opioids and has encouraged research to develop opioid formulations that are less easily abused or less attractive for abuse. The ER/LA opioid REMS require a partnership between the pharmaceutical industry, regulators, and healthcare providers to develop educational materials for physicians and patients that are not promotional. This article addresses challenges associated with improving the quality of pain care through support of prescriber education, developing formulations that combine efficacy with tamper-resistant properties, and encouraging collaborative efforts by regulatory bodies, legislators, healthcare providers, and patient advocacy groups to achieve these ends. ES - 1179-1918 IL - 1173-2563 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40261-013-0087-8 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2013 Jul DC - 20130626 YR - 2013 ED - 20140124 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23740336 <126. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23610481 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kabli N AU - Liu B AU - Seifert T AU - Arnot MI FA - Kabli, Noufissa FA - Liu, Ben FA - Seifert, Tricia FA - Arnot, Michelle I IN - Kabli,Noufissa. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. TI - Effects of academic service learning in drug misuse and addiction on students' learning preferences and attitudes toward harm reduction. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 77(3):63, 2013 Apr 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 77(3):63, 2013 Apr 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3631738 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Behavior, Addictive/px [Psychology] MH - Behavior, Addictive/th [Therapy] MH - Choice Behavior MH - Data Collection/mt [Methods] MH - *Harm Reduction MH - Humans MH - *Learning MH - *Social Welfare/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] KW - drug addiction; pharmacology; service-learning AB - OBJECTIVE. To examine academic service-learning pedagogy on student learning and perceptions of drug misuse and addiction. DESIGN. Third- and fourth-year pharmacology students were exposed to an academic service-learning pedagogy that integrated a community service experience with lectures, in-class discussions and debates, group projects, a final paper, and an examination. Reflective writing assignments throughout the course required students to assimilate and apply what they had learned in the classroom to what they learned in their community placement. ASSESSMENT. Changes in students' responses on pre- and post-course survey instruments reflected shifts toward higher-order thinking. Also, subjective student-learning modalities shifted toward learning by writing. Students' perspectives and attitudes allowed improved context of issues associated with drug misuse and harm reduction models. CONCLUSION. Academic service-learning pedagogy contributes to developing adaptable, well-rounded, engaged learners who become more compassionate and pragmatic in addressing scientific and social questions relating to drug addiction. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe77363 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Apr 12 DC - 20130423 YR - 2013 ED - 20140123 RD - 20150427 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23610481 <127. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23843060 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Reis WC AU - Scopel CT AU - Correr CJ AU - Andrzejevski VM FA - Reis, Walleri Christini Torelli FA - Scopel, Carolinne Thays FA - Correr, Cassyano Januario FA - Andrzejevski, Vania Mari Salvi TI - Analysis of clinical pharmacist interventions in a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. SO - Einstein. 11(2):190-6, 2013 Apr-Jun. AS - Einstein. 11(2):190-6, 2013 Apr-Jun. NJ - Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101281800 SB - Index Medicus CP - Brazil MH - Brazil MH - Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Inappropriate Prescribing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Medication Errors/cl [Classification] MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Medication Errors MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Prospective Studies MH - Tertiary Care Centers AB - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical pharmacist interventions performed during the review of prescription orders of the Adult Intensive Care, Cardiologic Intensive Care, and Clinical Cardiology Units of a large tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. AB - METHODS: The analysis took place daily with the following parameters: dose, rate of administration, presentation and/or dosage form, presence of inappropriate/unnecessary drugs, necessity of additional medication, more proper alternative therapies, presence of relevant drug interactions, inconsistencies in prescription orders, physical-chemical incompatibilities/solution stability. From this evaluation, the drug therapy problems were classified, as well as the resulting clinical interventions. AB - RESULTS: During the study, a total of 6,438 drug orders were assessed and 933 interventions were performed. The most prevalent drug therapy problems involved ranitidine (28.44%), enoxaparin (13.76%), and meropenem (8.26%). The acceptability of the interventions was 76.32%. The most common problem found was related to dose, representing 46.73% of the total. AB - CONCLUSION: Our study showed that up to 14.6% of the prescriptions reviewed had some drug therapy problem and the pharmacist interventions have promoted positive changes in seven to ten of these prescriptions. ES - 2317-6385 IL - 1679-4508 DI - S1679-45082013000200010 PT - Journal Article LG - English LG - Portuguese DP - 2013 Apr-Jun DC - 20130711 YR - 2013 ED - 20140115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23843060 <128. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23497696 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Zozaya H AU - Gutierrez L AU - Bernad MJ AU - Sumano H FA - Zozaya, Heidi FA - Gutierrez, Lilia FA - Bernad, Maria Josefa FA - Sumano, Hector IN - Zozaya,Heidi. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Av, Universidad 3000, Coyoacan Mexico City 04360, Mexico. TI - Pharmacokinetics of a peroral single dose of two long-acting formulations and an aqueous formulation of doxycycline hyclate in horses. SO - Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 55:21, 2013. AS - Acta Vet Scand. 55:21, 2013. NJ - Acta veterinaria Scandinavica PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 27v, 0370400 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3608154 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Absorption MH - Administration, Oral MH - Animals MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Area Under Curve MH - Doxycycline/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Doxycycline/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Female MH - Half-Life MH - *Horses/bl [Blood] MH - Horses/me [Metabolism] MH - Male AB - BACKGROUND: Doxycyline (Dox) is a semisynthetic antibacterial drug with pharmacological advantages over its parent drug (tetracycline) in the treatment of various bacterial diseases in horses. Yet, at present a horse-customized pharmaceutical formulation is not available. Based on its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratio, Dox is considered a time-dependent antibacterial drug and ideally expected to achieve sustained plasma drug concentrations both at or slightly above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) level for as long as possible between dosing intervals. Hence, the objective of this study was to formulate two long-acting (LA) doxycyline hyclate (Dox-h) formulations for oral administration and define their pharmacokinetics in non-fasted adult horses to obtain better bioavailability and longer mean residence time, features needed to comply better with its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratios. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the oral administration of a single 10 mg/kg bolus dose of two 20% Dox-h formulations: one based on a beta cyclodextrin (Dox-beta) matrix and a second one on a poloxamer (Dox-pol) matrix. The results were compared with the pharmacokinetics of a single 10 mg/kg bolus oral dose of a freshly made aqueous Dox-h solution (Dox-a). Dox-pol showed the greatest values for relative bioavailability (548%); maximum serum concentration (Cmax) value was 1.3+/-0.7 mug/mL with time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) of 5.9+/-1.7 h, area under the curve (AUC) of 17.0+/-2.2 mug h/ml and elimination half-life (T1/2 beta) of 4.9+/-1.0 h. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Considering a minimal inhibitory concentration MIC of 0.25 mug/mL, clinically effective plasma concentrations might be obtained for up to 24 h administering Dox-pol. This is an oral paste formulation that might optimize the use of Dox-h in horses in terms of PK/PD ratio congruency, and it is likely that it may also improve prescription compliance due to its ease of administration. RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - N12000U13O (Doxycycline) ES - 1751-0147 IL - 0044-605X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-55-21 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130308 DP - 2013 DC - 20130327 YR - 2013 ED - 20140109 RD - 20150427 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23497696 <129. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23740165 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Flavio M AU - Martin E AU - Pascal B AU - Stephanie C AU - Gabriela S AU - Merle K AU - Anita RR FA - Flavio, Muheim FA - Martin, Eichhorn FA - Pascal, Berger FA - Stephanie, Czernin FA - Gabriela, Stoppe FA - Merle, Keck FA - Anita, Riecher-Rossler IN - Flavio,Muheim. University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Recognition, c/o UniversitAtsspital Basel, Switzerland. flavio.muheim@upkbs.ch TI - Suicide attempts in the county of Basel: results from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. SO - Swiss Medical Weekly. 143:w13759, 2013. AS - Swiss Med Wkly. 143:w13759, 2013. NJ - Swiss medical weekly PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d10, 100970884 SB - Index Medicus CP - Switzerland MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Overdose/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Educational Status MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Marital Status/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Mood Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Distribution MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Suicide, Attempted/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Switzerland/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Unemployment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - World Health Organization MH - Young Adult AB - BACKGROUND: This article presents epidemiological and clinical findings from the Basel research centre parti-cipating in the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. AB - METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2006, 984 suicide attempts were documented for patients presenting at medical institutions with a suicide attempt. AB - RESULTS: The mean suicide attempt rate was 164/100,000 inhabitants. Women attempted suicide nearly twice as often as men. The highest suicide attempt rates were found for women aged 20-24 years, for men aged 30-34 years, and for people who were unmarried, of foreign nationality, and of low education or low employment status. 'Soft methods' were used significantly more often than 'hard methods'. Of the suicide attempt methods employed, a relatively high proportion was accounted for by self-poisoning with drugs (X60-64), especially with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. Significant gender differences were found in the various methods and in the frequency of psychiatric diagnoses. A total of 98.7% of the attempters were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder according to ICD-10; 35% suffered from an affective disorder. Men were significantly more frequently affected by substance abuse disorder or psychosis, whereas in women adjustment disorders and personality disorders were diagnosed significantly more often. AB - CONCLUSIONS: This study offers the first published representative data of an entire Swiss county. Established sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for suicide attempts were reproduced. The identification of risk factors contributes to developing local targeted prevention strategies, for example education of risk groups and caregivers, and pharmacolegal consequences for package sizes. Gender- and age-specific prevention and aftercare programmes are indicated. ES - 1424-3997 IL - 0036-7672 DI - Swiss Med Wkly. 2013;143:w13759 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4414/smw.2013.13759 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20130528 DP - 2013 DC - 20130606 YR - 2013 ED - 20131231 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23740165 <130. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23265950 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Khazaie H AU - Rezaie L AU - de Jong DM FA - Khazaie, Habibolah FA - Rezaie, Leeba FA - de Jong, Desiree M IN - Khazaie,Habibolah. Sleep Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851151, Iran. TI - Dropping out of outpatient psychiatric treatment: a preliminary report of a 2-year follow-up of 1500 psychiatric outpatients in Kermanshah, Iran. SO - General Hospital Psychiatry. 35(3):314-9, 2013 May-Jun. AS - Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 35(3):314-9, 2013 May-Jun. NJ - General hospital psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - fnk, 7905527 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Iran/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Male MH - Medication Adherence/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Mental Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - *Outpatients/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Patient Compliance/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Patient Dropouts/px [Psychology] MH - *Patient Dropouts/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Psychotherapy MH - Psychotic Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Psychotic Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Schizophrenia/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Schizophrenia/th [Therapy] MH - Sex Distribution MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Young Adult AB - BACKGROUND: Outpatient psychiatric treatment provides both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for a large portion of psychiatric patients. Dropping out, or early termination of treatment, may be considered a common barrier to outpatient's psychiatric treatment. There are limited studies on this issue in Iran. The current study aimed to examine rates, predictors and reasons of dropping out of an outpatient psychiatric treatment. AB - MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this 6-month cohort study, 1500 outpatients who visited 10 psychiatrist's offices in the Iranian city of Kermanshah were recruited and followed for 2 years (2009-2011) for recommended treatments including admission to hospital, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and a combination of both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Characteristics of patients who dropped out of the current study were collected, and reasons for dropping out were collected via phone or in person interview. AB - RESULTS: Dropouts were prevalent in prescribed treatments. Pretreatment (primary) dropout rates in psychotherapy treatment were 4 times greater than dropout rates in pharmacotherapy treatment (80% and 20%, respectively). There were significance differences between dropouts and non-dropouts of pharmacotherapy with respect to patient characteristics; younger age, male gender, low level of education, unemployment, lack of insurance, new cases and divorce were more prevalent among dropouts (P<.001). With regard to diagnosis, dropping out was more prevalent among patients with substance-related disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders when compared to other diagnoses (P<.001). Commonly reported reasons for dropping out included overslept and too ill to attend treatment and fear of becoming addicted to prescribed psychotropic medication (30% and 18%, respectively). Lack of confidence in therapist ability and lack of confidence in the efficacy of the treatment were more prevalent in patients who dropped out of psychotherapy (P<.001). AB - CONCLUSION: Patient dropout is a common problem in outpatient psychiatric treatment, particularly in psychotherapy treatment. Further research on reasons for dropping out and strategies to reduce rates of dropouts is recommended.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) ES - 1873-7714 IL - 0163-8343 DI - S0163-8343(12)00326-X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.10.008 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study LG - English EP - 20121221 DP - 2013 May-Jun DC - 20130503 YR - 2013 ED - 20131226 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23265950 <131. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24367471 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - English C AU - Rey JA AU - Schlesselman LS FA - English, Clayton FA - Rey, Jose A FA - Schlesselman, Lauren S IN - English,Clayton. Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences. Colchester, VT ( United States ). Rey,Jose A. College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University . Davie, FL ( United States ). Schlesselman,Lauren S. Office of Assessment & Accreditation, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut . Storrs, CT ( United States ). TI - Prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among pharmacy students at nine U.S. schools of pharmacy. SO - Pharmacy Practice. 9(3):162-8, 2011 Jul. AS - Pharm. pract.. 9(3):162-8, 2011 Jul. NJ - Pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101530029 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3870176 CP - Spain KW - Alcohol Drinking; Students, Pharmacy; United States AB - UNLABELLED: Hazardous use of alcohol continues to be recognized as a problem at the university level. Knowledge regarding alcohol consumption in healthcare professional students is limited, especially in regards to pharmacy students. Much of the information available focuses on pharmacy student drinking patterns in specific geographic regions or is simply outdated. AB - OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess levels of alcohol consumption and estimate the level of hazardous drinking among pharmacy students in a larger sample size that is representative of US pharmacy schools. AB - METHODS: An anonymous survey regarding alcohol usage was offered to students at nine schools of pharmacy across the United States. The survey consisted of demographic questions, the World Health Organization Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and questions that assess particular alcohol-induced behaviors. AB - RESULTS: More than 25% of 1161 respondents had a total AUDIT score > 8, which indicates a risk of alcohol-related problems. Students that were male, in their first or second professional year of school, not married, and without children were statistically more likely to have AUDIT scores in the hazardous drinking range. Grade point average and student housing did not statistically affect student's AUDIT scores. AB - CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that over one-fourth of pharmacy students surveyed have indicators of harmful alcohol use. Pharmacy schools should continue to address and confront hazardous alcohol use on campuses in order to curtail heavy alcohol consumption and reduce the risk of alcohol-related problems in pharmacy students. IS - 1885-642X IL - 1885-642X PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110914 DP - 2011 Jul DC - 20131224 YR - 2011 ED - 20131224 RD - 20140102 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24367471 <132. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23697478 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Altowaijri A AU - Phillips CJ AU - Fitzsimmons D FA - Altowaijri, Abdulaziz FA - Phillips, Ceri J FA - Fitzsimmons, Deborah IN - Altowaijri,Abdulaziz. College of Human and Health Sciences, Vivian Tower, 2nd Fl., Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, United Kingdom. Abdulaziz.altowaijri@gmail.com TI - A systematic review of the clinical and economic effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. [Review] SO - Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 19(5):408-16, 2013 Jun. AS - J Manage Care Pharm. 19(5):408-16, 2013 Jun. NJ - Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9605854 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/ec [Economics] MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/mo [Mortality] MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Professional Role MH - Quality of Life MH - Risk Factors MH - Secondary Prevention/ec [Economics] MH - Secondary Prevention/mt [Methods] AB - BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide. Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes, one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD. AB - OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD, using studies conducted on patients with heart failure, coronary heart disease, or those with CVD risk factors. AB - METHODS: Extensive searches of 13 databases were performed--with no time limitation--to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) in English that evaluated clinical pharmacist intervention in patients with CVD or with CVD risk factors. Two independent reviewers evaluated 203 citations that were the result of this search. Studies were included if they reported direct care from a clinical pharmacist in CVD or CVD-related therapeutic areas such as disease-led management or in collaboration with other health care workers; if they were RCTs; if they were inpatients, outpatients, or in the community setting; and if they included the following outcomes: CVD control or mortality, CVD risk factor control, patient-related outcomes (knowledge, adherence, or quality of life), and cost related to health care systems. AB - RESULTS: A total of 59 studies were identified: 45 RCT, 6 non-RCT, and 8 economic studies. 68% of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients' outcomes compared with the control group. AB - CONCLUSION: The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention, medicine management intervention, or a combination of both. These interventions resulted in improved CVD risk factors, improved patient outcomes, and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control. These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life, better use of health care resources, and a reduced rate of mortality. ES - 1944-706X IL - 1083-4087 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2013 Jun DC - 20130523 YR - 2013 ED - 20131218 RD - 20141212 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23697478 <133. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23418962 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Khdour MR AU - Alayasa KS AU - Alshahed QN AU - Hawwa AF FA - Khdour, Maher R FA - Alayasa, Kawther S FA - Alshahed, Qusai N FA - Hawwa, Ahmed F IN - Khdour,Maher R. Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine. mkhdour@pharm.alquds.edu TI - Physicians' perceptions, attitudes and expectations regarding the role of hospital-based pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine. SO - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 21(3):178-84, 2013 Jun. AS - Int J Pharm Pract. 21(3):178-84, 2013 Jun. NJ - The International journal of pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9204243 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - Middle East MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Physicians/px [Psychology] MH - Professional Role MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perceptions, expectations and experiences of physicians with regard to hospital-based pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine. AB - METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 250 physicians practising in four general hospitals in the West Bank, Palestine. The main sections of the questionnaire comprised a series of statements pertaining to physicians' perceptions, expectations and experiences with pharmacists. AB - KEY FINDINGS: One hundred and fifty seven questionnaires were completed and returned (response rate, 62.8%). The majority of respondents were most comfortable with pharmacists detecting and preventing prescription errors (76.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 69.5-81.2%) and patient education (57.9%; CI 51.2-63.4%) but they were not comfortable with pharmacists suggesting the use of prescription medications to patients (56.7%; CI 49.8-62.4%). Most physicians (62.4%; CI 56.8-69.1%) expected the pharmacist to educate their patients about the safe and appropriate use of their medication. However, approximately one-third (31.7%; CI 26.0-39.6%) did not expect pharmacists to be available for consultation during rounds. Physicians' experiences with pharmacists were less favourable; whereas 77% (CI 70.2-81.5%) of the physicians agreed that pharmacists were always a reliable source of information, only 11.5% (CI 6.2-16.4%) agreed that pharmacists appeared to be willing to take responsibility for solving any drug-related problems. AB - CONCLUSION: The present study showed that hospital physicians are more likely to accept traditional pharmacy services than newer clinical services for hospital-based pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine. Pharmacists should therefore interact more positively and more frequently with physicians. This will close the gap between the physicians' commonly held perceptions of what they expect pharmacists to do and what pharmacists can actually do, and gain support for an extended role of hospital-based pharmacists in future patient therapy management.Copyright © 2012 The Authors. IJPP © 2012 Royal Pharmaceutical Society. ES - 2042-7174 IL - 0961-7671 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00246.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120924 DP - 2013 Jun DC - 20130522 YR - 2013 ED - 20131218 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23418962 <134. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23297756 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gifford EV AU - Tavakoli S AU - Wang R AU - Hagedorn HJ AU - Hamlett-Berry KW FA - Gifford, Elizabeth V FA - Tavakoli, Sara FA - Wang, Ruey FA - Hagedorn, Hildi J FA - Hamlett-Berry, Kim W IN - Gifford,Elizabeth V. Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University School of Medicine, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025,USA. elizabeth.gifford@va.gov TI - Tobacco dependence diagnosis and treatment in Veterans Health Administration residential substance use disorder treatment programs. SO - Addiction. 108(6):1127-35, 2013 Jun. AS - Addiction. 108(6):1127-35, 2013 Jun. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mental Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Middle Aged MH - Residential Treatment MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation Products MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/co [Complications] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - United States MH - Veterans Health AB - AIMS: To explore tobacco dependence (TD) diagnosis and treatment utilization, and identify predictors of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs) enrolled in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) SUD residential treatment programs (SRTPs). AB - DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. AB - SETTING: VHA SRTPs, which treat veterans with SUD and multiple severe psychosocial deficits, from 1 October 2009 to 31 September 2010. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Identified tobacco users among veterans with SUD treated in SRTPs during fiscal year 2010 (FY10). AB - MEASUREMENTS: Rates of documented TD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy were assessed nationally, regionally and by facility. Patient-level predictors of NRT were examined using a mixed-effects logistic regression model with facility as a random effect. AB - FINDINGS: A total of 12097 of the 15320 veterans in SRTPs in FY10 (79%) were identified as probable tobacco users. Among these, 33% had a documented TD diagnosis, 34% were treated with pharmacotherapy and only 11% were both diagnosed and treated for TD while in SRTP. NRT was more common among patients with a current documented TD diagnosis, recent history of TD treatment, comorbid mental health disorder, age 55 years or younger and identified as white. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Most veterans in Veterans Health Administration substance use disorders residential treatment programs appear to use tobacco, yet only one in 10 receives a documented ICD-9 TD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy while in a substance use disorders residential treatment program.Copyright © 2013 Society for the Study of Addiction. RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) ES - 1360-0443 IL - 0965-2140 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12105 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English EP - 20130409 DP - 2013 Jun DC - 20130510 YR - 2013 ED - 20131217 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23297756 <135. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23229968 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ross LA AU - Bloodworth LS FA - Ross, Leigh Ann FA - Bloodworth, Lauren S IN - Ross,Leigh Ann. Community-Based Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Jackson, USA. laross@umc.edu TI - Patient-centered health care using pharmacist-delivered medication therapy management in rural Mississippi. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 52(6):802-9, 2012. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 52(6):802-9, 2012. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Female MH - Health Care Costs MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Therapy Management/ec [Economics] MH - *Medication Therapy Management/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Middle Aged MH - Mississippi MH - Patient-Centered Care/ec [Economics] MH - *Patient-Centered Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Rural Health Services/ec [Economics] MH - *Rural Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe and provide preliminary clinical and economic outcomes from a pharmacist-delivered patient-centered health care (PCHC) model implemented in the Mississippi Delta. AB - SETTING: Mississippi between July 2008 and June 2010. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: 13 community pharmacies in nine Mississippi Delta counties. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: This PCHC model implements a comprehensive medication therapy management (MTM) program with pharmacist training, individualized patient encounters and group education, provider outreach, integration of pharmacists into health information technology, and on-site support in community pharmacies in a medically underserved region with a large burden of chronic disease and health disparities. The program also expands on traditional MTM services through initiatives in health literacy/cultural competency and efforts to increase the provider network and improve access to care. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Criteria-based clinical outcomes, quality indicator reports, cost avoidance. AB - RESULTS: PCHC services have been implemented in 13 pharmacies in nine counties in this underserved region, and 78 pharmacists and 177 students have completed the American Pharmacists Association's MTM Certificate Training Program. Preliminary data from 468 patients showed 681 encounters in which 1,471 drug therapy problems were identified and resolved. Preliminary data for clinical indicators and economic outcome measures are trending in a positive direction. AB - CONCLUSION: Preliminary data analyses suggest that pharmacist-provided PCHC is beneficial and has the potential to be replicated in similar rural communities that are plagued with chronic disease and traditional primary care provider shortages. This effort aligns with national priorities to reduce medication errors, improve health outcomes, and reduce health care costs in underserved communities. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10192 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2012 DC - 20121211 YR - 2012 ED - 20131213 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23229968 <136. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23788816 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sando KR AU - Elliott J AU - Stanton ML AU - Doty R FA - Sando, Karen R FA - Elliott, Jennifer FA - Stanton, Melonie L FA - Doty, Randell IN - Sando,Karen R. University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. ksando@cop.ufl.edu TI - An educational tool for teaching medication history taking to pharmacy students. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 77(5):105, 2013 Jun 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 77(5):105, 2013 Jun 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3687116 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Clinical Competence MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Feedback MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Learning MH - *Medical History Taking MH - Medication Reconciliation MH - Preceptorship MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - Program Evaluation MH - Self Efficacy MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - *Teaching/mt [Methods] KW - introductory pharmacy practice experiences; medication history; medication reconciliation; self-efficacy AB - OBJECTIVE: To implement and evaluate the use of a situated-learning experience to prepare second-year pharmacy students to conduct medication history interviews in preparation for introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPE) at ambulatory clinic sites. AB - DESIGN: Second-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students (n=200) used the Medication Mysteries Infinite Case Tool, a game-like educational tool in which groups of 3 students assumed the roles of pharmacist, patient, and observer and rolled a die and drew cards to determine the drugs, patient personality, medication problems, and other variables that guided a medication history taking session. AB - ASSESSMENT: After the laboratory session, faculty members assessed students' medication history-taking skills. One hundred sixteen (58%) and 78 (39%) of 200 students achieved excellence or competence, respectively, on the final assessment. Two weeks after the assessment, 53 of 200 (26.5%) students completed a survey instrument. The respondents indicated that their self-confidence in conducting medical history taking significantly improved following completion of the learning experience. AB - CONCLUSION: Using the Medication Mysteries Infinite Case Tool increased students' confidence and skills in conducting medication history taking prior to their clinical IPPE experience. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe775105 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Jun 12 DC - 20130621 YR - 2013 ED - 20131211 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23788816 <137. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23788804 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McBane SE AU - Corelli RL AU - Albano CB AU - Conry JM AU - Della Paolera MA AU - Kennedy AK AU - Jenkins AT AU - Hudmon KS FA - McBane, Sarah E FA - Corelli, Robin L FA - Albano, Christian B FA - Conry, John M FA - Della Paolera, Mark A FA - Kennedy, Amy K FA - Jenkins, Antoine T FA - Hudmon, Karen Suchanek IN - McBane,Sarah E. Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. TI - The role of academic pharmacy in tobacco cessation and control. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 77(5):93, 2013 Jun 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 77(5):93, 2013 Jun 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3687126 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Clinical Competence MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Faculty MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Patient Advocacy MH - Preceptorship MH - Professional Role MH - Public Health MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Teaching/mt [Methods] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] KW - academic pharmacy; policy; public health; smoking; tobacco AB - Despite decades of public health initiatives, tobacco use remains the leading known preventable cause of death in the United States. Clinicians have a proven, positive effect on patients' ability to quit, and pharmacists are strategically positioned to assist patients with quitting. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy recognizes health promotion and disease prevention as a key educational outcome; as such, tobacco cessation education should be a required component of pharmacy curricula to ensure that all pharmacy graduates possess the requisite evidence-based knowledge and skills to intervene with patients who use tobacco. Faculty members teaching tobacco cessation-related content must be knowledgeable and proficient in providing comprehensive cessation counseling, and all preceptors and practicing pharmacists providing direct patient care should screen for tobacco use and provide at least minimal counseling as a routine component of care. Pharmacy organizations should establish policies and resolutions addressing the profession's role in tobacco cessation and control, and the profession should work together to eliminate tobacco sales in all practice settings where pharmacy services are rendered. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe77593 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Jun 12 DC - 20130621 YR - 2013 ED - 20131211 RD - 20150424 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23788804 <138. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23442408 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Surani NS AU - Pednekar MS AU - Sinha DN AU - Singh G AU - Warren CW AU - Asma S AU - Gupta PC AU - Singh PK FA - Surani, N S FA - Pednekar, M S FA - Sinha, D N FA - Singh, G FA - Warren, C W FA - Asma, S FA - Gupta, P C FA - Singh, P K IN - Surani,N S. Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India. TI - Tobacco use and cessation counseling in India-data from the Global Health Professions Students Survey, 2005-09. SO - Indian Journal of Cancer. 49(4):425-30, 2012 Oct-Dec. AS - Indian J Cancer. 49(4):425-30, 2012 Oct-Dec. NJ - Indian journal of cancer PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ghy, 0112040 SB - Index Medicus CP - India MH - Adolescent MH - Counseling MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Data Collection MH - Female MH - Government Regulation MH - Health Occupations MH - Health Plan Implementation MH - Humans MH - India MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Sex Factors MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Students, Medical MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Young Adult AB - CONTEXT: Tobacco use by health professionals reflects the failure of healthcare systems in protecting not only beneficiaries of the system but also those involved in health care delivery. AB - AIM: The aim of this study was to report findings from the Global Health Professions Students Survey (GHPSS) conducted in medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy schools in India. AB - SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Indian dental and medical schools (in 2009), nursing (in 2007), and pharmacy (in 2008) schools. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anonymous, self-administered GHPSS questionnaire covering demographics, tobacco use prevalence, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, desire to quit smoking and training received to provide cessation counseling to patients was used. AB - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Proportions and prevalence were computed using SUDAAN and SPSS 15.0. AB - RESULTS: Current cigarette smoking and other tobacco use ranged from 3.4-13.4% and 4.5-11.6% respectively, in the four health professional schools, with the highest numbers for medical schools and males. Enforcement of smoking ban in medical schools was low (53%) compared to nursing (86.4%), pharmacy (85.5%), and dental (90.8%) schools. Ninety percent students thought health professionals have a role in giving smoking cessation advice to their patients. Three out of five current smokers wanted to quit. However, one out of two reported receiving help/advice to quit. Although all expressed the need, 29.1-54.8% students received cessation training in their schools. AB - CONCLUSION: Tobacco control policy, cessation training and initiatives to help students quit smoking should be undertaken. ES - 1998-4774 IL - 0019-509X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.107751 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Oct-Dec DC - 20130227 YR - 2012 ED - 20131211 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23442408 <139. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23442394 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Venkatesh S AU - Sinha DN FA - Venkatesh, S FA - Sinha, D N IN - Venkatesh,S. Department of AIDS Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. drsvenkatesh1@gmail.com TI - Involvement of health professionals in tobacco control in the South-East Asia Region. [Review] SO - Indian Journal of Cancer. 49(4):327-35, 2012 Oct-Dec. AS - Indian J Cancer. 49(4):327-35, 2012 Oct-Dec. NJ - Indian journal of cancer PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ghy, 0112040 SB - Index Medicus CP - India MH - Adolescent MH - Arecaceae MH - Asia, Southeastern MH - Health Personnel/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Health Planning Organizations MH - Humans MH - India MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Thailand MH - Tobacco Use Cessation MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Young Adult AB - Tobacco use is widely entrenched in the South-East Asia (SEA) Region leading to high morbidity and mortality in this region. Several studies revealed that tobacco use is widespread among youth and school children. Exposure to second-hand smoke was reported as around 50% or more in three countries - Myanmar (59.5%), Bangladesh (51.3%), and Indonesia (49.6%). Health profession students encompassing medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy disciplines, and even qualified health professionals are no exception from tobacco use. While they are regarded as role models in tobacco cessation programs, their tobacco addiction will carry a negative impact in this endeavour. A mere inquiry about the smoking status of patients and a brief advice by doctors or dentists increases quit rates and prompts those who have not thought about quitting to consider doing so. Evidence from some randomized trials suggests that advice from motivated physicians to their smoking patients could be effective in facilitating cessation of smoking. However, the low detection rate of smokers by many physicians and the small proportion of smokers who routinely receive advice from their physicians to quit have been identified as a matter of concern. This paper describes the role and issues of involvement of health professionals in tobacco control. Data from a variety of sources is used to assess the status. Although there are some differences, tobacco use is widespread among the students and health professional students. Exposure to second hand smoke is also a matter of concern. Tobacco-related problems and tobacco control cut across a vast range of health disciplines. Building alliances among the health professional associations in a vertical way will help synergize efforts, and obtain better outcomes from use of existing resources. Health professional associations in some countries in the SEA region have already taken the initiative to form coalitions at the national level to advance the tobacco control agenda. In Thailand, a Thai Health Professional Alliance against Tobacco, with 17 allies from medical, nursing, traditional medicine, and other health professional organizations, is working in a concerted manner toward promoting tobacco control. Indian Dental Association intervention is another good example. ES - 1998-4774 IL - 0019-509X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.107721 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2012 Oct-Dec DC - 20130227 YR - 2012 ED - 20131211 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23442394 <140. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23637842 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Keramati M AU - Gutkin B FA - Keramati, Mehdi FA - Gutkin, Boris IN - Keramati,Mehdi. Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Departement des Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France. Mr.Mehdi.Keramati@gmail.com TI - Imbalanced decision hierarchy in addicts emerging from drug-hijacked dopamine spiraling circuit. SO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 8(4):e61489, 2013. AS - PLoS ONE. 8(4):e61489, 2013. NJ - PloS one PI - Journal available in: Electronic-Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101285081 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3634778 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Algorithms MH - Basal Ganglia/de [Drug Effects] MH - Basal Ganglia/me [Metabolism] MH - *Behavior, Addictive/px [Psychology] MH - Computer Simulation MH - Cues MH - *Decision Making MH - *Dopamine/me [Metabolism] MH - Humans MH - *Models, Psychological MH - Motivation MH - Reinforcement (Psychology) MH - Reward MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - Despite explicitly wanting to quit, long-term addicts find themselves powerless to resist drugs, despite knowing that drug-taking may be a harmful course of action. Such inconsistency between the explicit knowledge of negative consequences and the compulsive behavioral patterns represents a cognitive/behavioral conflict that is a central characteristic of addiction. Neurobiologically, differential cue-induced activity in distinct striatal subregions, as well as the dopamine connectivity spiraling from ventral striatal regions to the dorsal regions, play critical roles in compulsive drug seeking. However, the functional mechanism that integrates these neuropharmacological observations with the above-mentioned cognitive/behavioral conflict is unknown. Here we provide a formal computational explanation for the drug-induced cognitive inconsistency that is apparent in the addicts' "self-described mistake". We show that addictive drugs gradually produce a motivational bias toward drug-seeking at low-level habitual decision processes, despite the low abstract cognitive valuation of this behavior. This pathology emerges within the hierarchical reinforcement learning framework when chronic exposure to the drug pharmacologically produces pathologicaly persistent phasic dopamine signals. Thereby the drug hijacks the dopaminergic spirals that cascade the reinforcement signals down the ventro-dorsal cortico-striatal hierarchy. Neurobiologically, our theory accounts for rapid development of drug cue-elicited dopamine efflux in the ventral striatum and a delayed response in the dorsal striatum. Our theory also shows how this response pattern depends critically on the dopamine spiraling circuitry. Behaviorally, our framework explains gradual insensitivity of drug-seeking to drug-associated punishments, the blocking phenomenon for drug outcomes, and the persistent preference for drugs over natural rewards by addicts. The model suggests testable predictions and beyond that, sets the stage for a view of addiction as a pathology of hierarchical decision-making processes. This view is complementary to the traditional interpretation of addiction as interaction between habitual and goal-directed decision systems. RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) ES - 1932-6203 IL - 1932-6203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061489 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20130424 DP - 2013 DC - 20130502 YR - 2013 ED - 20131209 RD - 20150427 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23637842 <141. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24312772 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Sattari M AU - Islambulchilar M AU - Toluyi M AU - Mashayekhi S FA - Sattari, Mohammadreza FA - Islambulchilar, Mina FA - Toluyi, Mohsen FA - Mashayekhi, Siminozar IN - Sattari,Mohammadreza. Neurosciences Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. TI - Socio-demographic characteristics of the addicted inmates of Qom and Tabriz prisons in Iran. SO - Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2(1):61-9, 2012. AS - Adv. pharm. bull.. 2(1):61-9, 2012. NJ - Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101578021 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3846019 CP - Iran KW - Addiction; Inmates; Opiates AB - PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to study the factors responsible for drug addiction amongst the inmates of Tabriz and Qom prisons, to further understand the reasons for drug abuse particularly in the young and find improved methods for combating these widespread problems. AB - METHODS: A multi-choice questionnaire was provided to inmates to potentially assess the reasons for their drug addiction psychiatric, personal, social, economical, and political factors were thought to be implicated. Two hundred drug addicted prisoners were individually interviewed randomly in both Tabriz and Qom prisons. A questionnaire including questions about the inmates' demographic characteristics and 49 multiple answers questions, was provided to identify the effects of different reasons for drug addiction for instance: psychiatric, personal, social, economical, and political factors. The collected data were analyzed by Student t-test and chi-squared test using SPSS software. AB - RESULTS: The results showed that the following factors could lead to drug addiction e.g. company with addicted friends and offenders, curiosity, imitation, illiteracy, family problems, crowded family, poverty, unemployment, and lack of self confidence. There were significant differences between Tabriz and Qom prisoners in relation to age, starting age of addiction, job, income, education, class of addiction, marital status, and hobbies. Mean age, mean starting age of addiction, poverty, alcohol drinking before addiction, marital status, heroin addiction, codeine and benzodiazepines abuse were significantly greater for Tabriz prisoners than those of Qom. AB - CONCLUSION: It is clear that the governmental programs for reducing unemployment, creation of safe hobbies, proper control on drug dispensing in the pharmacies, proper birth control programs, and encouragement to higher education could alleviate addiction problem in Iran. IS - 2228-5881 IL - 2228-5881 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5681/apb.2012.009 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20120315 DP - 2012 DC - 20131206 YR - 2012 ED - 20131206 RD - 20140731 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24312772 <142. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23699676 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Green TC AU - Mann MR AU - Bowman SE AU - Zaller N AU - Soto X AU - Gadea J AU - Cordy C AU - Kelly P AU - Friedmann PD FA - Green, Traci C FA - Mann, Marita R FA - Bowman, Sarah E FA - Zaller, Nickolas FA - Soto, Xaviel FA - Gadea, John FA - Cordy, Catherine FA - Kelly, Patrick FA - Friedmann, Peter D IN - Green,Traci C. Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St., 2nd floor, Providence, RI 02903, USA. traci.c.green@gmail.com TI - How does use of a prescription monitoring program change pharmacy practice?. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 53(3):273-81, 2013 May-Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 53(3):273-81, 2013 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Connecticut MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Health Care Surveys MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Patient Acceptance of Health Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians' MH - *Prescription Drug Misuse MH - Rhode Island MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - OBJECTIVES: To assess differences in prescription monitoring program (PMP) use between two states with different PMP accessibility (Connecticut [CT] and Rhode Island [RI]), to explore use of PMPs in pharmacy practice, and to examine associations between PMP use and pharmacists' responses to suspected diversion or "doctor shopping." AB - DESIGN: Descriptive nonexperimental study. AB - SETTING: CT and RI from March through August 2011. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Licensed pharmacists in CT and RI. AB - INTERVENTION: Anonymous surveys e-mailed to pharmacists AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PMP use, use of patient reports in pharmacy practice, and responses to suspected doctor shopping or diversion. AB - RESULTS: Responses from 294 pharmacists were received (CT: 198; RI: 96). PMP users were more likely to use the PMP to detect drug abuse (CT: 79%; RI: 21.9%; P < 0.01) and doctor shopping (67%; 7%; P < 0.01). When faced with suspicious medication use behavior, PMP users were less likely than nonusers to discuss their concerns with the patient (adjusted odds ratio 0.48 [95% CI 0.25-0.92]) but as likely to contact the provider (0.86 [0.21-3.47]), refer the patient back to the prescriber (1.50 [0.79-2.86]), and refuse to fill the prescription (0.63 [0.30-1.30]). PMP users were less likely to state they were out of stock of the drug (0.27 [0.12-0.60]) compared with nonusers. Pharmacists reported high interest in attending continuing education on safe dispensing (72.8%). AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists are important participants in the effort to address prescription drug misuse and abuse. Current PMP use with prevailing systems had limited influence on pharmacy practice. Findings point to future research and needed practice and education innovations to improve patient safety and safer opioid dispensing for pharmacists. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.12094 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 5R21CE001846 (United States NCIPC CDC HHS) LG - English DP - 2013 May-Jun DC - 20130523 YR - 2013 ED - 20131126 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23699676 <143. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23636166 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Matthews ML FA - Matthews, Michele L IN - Matthews,Michele L. Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. michele.matthews@mcphs.edu TI - Class-wide REMS for extended-release and long-acting opioids: potential impact on pharmacies. [Review] SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 53(1):e1-7, 2013 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 53(1):e1-7, 2013 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Delayed-Action Preparations MH - Drug Labeling MH - Drug Overdose/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/st [Standards] MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - Risk Assessment/mt [Methods] MH - *Risk Management/mt [Methods] MH - United States MH - United States Food and Drug Administration AB - OBJECTIVES: To provide an update on the recently approved class-wide risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) for extended-release (ER) and long-acting (LA) opioids and to discuss the potential impact on pharmacy practice. AB - DATA SOURCES: In mid-2011, the Food and Drug Administration notified drug manufacturers that a single, class-wide REMS would be required for ER and LA opioids. This regulation was the result of a multiyear process that incorporated input from government, drug manufacturers, medical associations, and other stakeholders. AB - SUMMARY: The goal of the class-wide REMS for ER/LA opioids is to reduce addiction, unintentional overdose, and death resulting from inappropriate prescribing, misuse, and abuse. To accomplish these goals, this REMS focuses on physician education on safe and appropriate prescribing and patient counseling on the risks of opioids. Although voluntary, a movement to require physician education to obtain or renew Drug Enforcement Administration licensing is occurring. Pharmacists are not included in the class-wide REMS per se. Pharmacists play an important role in overall risk reduction and are critical to the success of the class-wide REMS. AB - CONCLUSION: Although the changing requirements for prescribing ER/LA opioids will not have a direct effect on pharmacist workflow, the pharmacist-patient interaction remains critical for overall risk reduction with this class of medication. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.12025 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2013 Jan-Feb DC - 20130502 YR - 2013 ED - 20131126 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23636166 <144. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24198862 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Schlesselman LS AU - Nobre C AU - English CD FA - Schlesselman, Lauren S FA - Nobre, Carmen FA - English, Clayton D IN - Schlesselman,Lauren S. Office of Assessment & Accreditation, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT ( United States ). TI - Alcohol attitudes and behaviors among faculty at U.S. schools and colleges of pharmacy. SO - Pharmacy Practice. 9(4):236-41, 2011 Oct. AS - Pharm. pract.. 9(4):236-41, 2011 Oct. NJ - Pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101530029 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3818740 CP - Spain KW - Alcohol Drinking; Schools, Pharmacy; United States AB - UNLABELLED: Despite attempts to control college-aged drinking, binge and underage drinking continues at colleges and universities. Although often underutilized, faculty have the potential to influence students' behaviors and attitudes towards drinking. Little information is available pertaining to college faculty drinking patterns, views on drinking, or their influence on college drinking. What little information is available predates the economic crisis, mandates for increased alcohol education, and the American Pharmacists Association's call for increased alcohol awareness in pharmacists. AB - OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine alcohol use patterns and viewpoints among faculty at U.S. colleges of pharmacy, in particular, to identify alcohol practices among faculty, use of alcohol with their students, mentioning alcohol in classroom as a social norm, and perceived drinking norms within their colleagues. AB - METHODS: Following Institution Review Board approval, 2809 invitations were emailed to U.S. pharmacy faculty for this survey-based study. The survey consisted of demographic questions, the World Health Organization Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and questions pertaining to personal and institution attitudes on drinking and on drinking with students. AB - RESULTS: More than 96% of 753 respondents had a total AUDIT score <8. Males and preceptors were more likely to have higher AUDIT scores. More than 75% of faculty reported never drinking with students. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In order to help pharmacy students address the extent of their alcohol use and misuse, pharmacy faculty must address their own use, along with their own and their institutions attitudes and behaviors towards alcohol use. IS - 1885-642X IL - 1885-642X PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20111212 DP - 2011 Oct DC - 20131107 YR - 2011 ED - 20131107 RD - 20131115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24198862 <145. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23807844 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Somers A AU - Robays H AU - De Paepe P AU - Van Maele G AU - Perehudoff K AU - Petrovic M FA - Somers, Annemie FA - Robays, Hugo FA - De Paepe, Peter FA - Van Maele, Georges FA - Perehudoff, Katrina FA - Petrovic, Mirko IN - Somers,Annemie. Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. annemie.somers@uzgent.be TI - Evaluation of clinical pharmacist recommendations in the geriatric ward of a Belgian university hospital. SO - Clinical Interventions In Aging. 8:703-9, 2013. AS - Clin Interv Aging. 8:703-9, 2013. NJ - Clinical interventions in aging PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101273480 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3686245 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Belgium MH - Drug Interactions MH - *Drug Utilization Review MH - Female MH - *Geriatrics/st [Standards] MH - Hospitals, University MH - Humans MH - Inappropriate Prescribing MH - Inpatients MH - Male MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - Quality Indicators, Health Care MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - clinical pharmacist; drug-related problems; geriatric inpatients AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the type, acceptance rate, and clinical relevance of clinical pharmacist recommendations at the geriatric ward of the Ghent university hospital. AB - METHODS: The clinical pharmacist evaluated drug use during a weekly 2-hour visit for a period of 4 months and, if needed, made recommendations to the prescribing physician. The recommendations were classified according to type, acceptance by the physician, prescribed medication, and underlying drug-related problem. Appropriateness of prescribing was assessed using the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) before and after the recommendations were made. Two clinical pharmacologists and two clinical pharmacists independently and retrospectively evaluated the clinical relevance of the recommendations and rated their own acceptance of them. AB - RESULTS: The clinical pharmacist recommended 304 drug therapy changes for 100 patients taking a total of 1137 drugs. The most common underlying drug-related problems concerned incorrect dose, drug-drug interaction, and adverse drug reaction, which appeared most frequently for cardiovascular drugs, drugs for the central nervous system, and drugs for the gastrointestinal tract. The most common type of recommendation concerned adapting the dose, and stopping or changing a drug. In total, 59.7% of the recommendations were accepted by the treating physician. The acceptance rate by the evaluators ranged between 92.4% and 97.0%. The mean clinical relevance of the recommendations was assessed as possibly important (53.4%), possibly low relevance (38.1%), and possibly very important (4.2%). A low interrater agreement concerning clinical relevance between the evaluators was found: kappa values ranged between 0.15 and 0.25. Summated MAI scores significantly improved after the pharmacist recommendations, with mean values decreasing from 9.3 to 6.2 (P < 0.001). AB - CONCLUSION: In this study, the clinical pharmacist identified a high number of potential drug-related problems in older patients; however, the acceptance of the pharmacotherapy recommendations by the treating physician was lower than by a panel of evaluators. This panel, however, rated most recommendations as possibly important and as possibly having low relevance, with low interrater reliability. As the appropriateness of prescribing seemed to improve with decreased MAI scores, clinical pharmacy services may contribute to the optimization of drug therapy in older inpatients. ES - 1178-1998 IL - 1176-9092 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S42162 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130613 DP - 2013 DC - 20130628 YR - 2013 ED - 20131104 RD - 20150423 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23807844 <146. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23581787 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Young AH AU - Grunze H FA - Young, A H FA - Grunze, H IN - Young,A H. Imperial College, WLMHT, London, UK. TI - Physical health of patients with bipolar disorder. [Review] SO - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum. (442):3-10, 2013. AS - Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. (442):3-10, 2013. NJ - Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0370365, 1w3 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Behavioral Symptoms MH - Bipolar Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - Bipolar Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Bipolar Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Bipolar Disorder/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Bipolar Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - *Bipolar Disorder MH - Comorbidity MH - *Depressive Disorder, Major/di [Diagnosis] MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Great Britain MH - *Health Literacy/mt [Methods] MH - Health Status Disparities MH - Humans MH - Interpersonal Relations MH - Mental Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Metabolic Syndrome X/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Metabolic Syndrome X/px [Psychology] MH - *Metabolic Syndrome X MH - Psychotropic Drugs/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Quality of Life MH - Risk Factors MH - State Medicine MH - Treatment Outcome MH - *Weight Gain/de [Drug Effects] AB - OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the characteristics of bipolar disorder and approaches to minimise physical health risks, as well as treatment options, and their influence on patient quality of life (QoL). AB - METHOD: The content of this article is based on the proceedings of a 1-day standalone symposium in November 2011 exploring how to establish a bipolar clinic within the context of existing services in the UK's National Health Service. AB - RESULTS: Bipolar disorder is a common mental disorder and often under-recognised in patients with major depressive episodes. Patients are largely dependent on family and carers to lead normal lifestyles and have difficulties maintaining relationships. Mental health and physical health are closely linked, with risk factors such as weight gain, metabolic syndrome, smoking and diabetes contributing to cardiovascular disease and early death. Antipsychotics may induce treatment-related comorbidities, thus further contributing to a low QoL of patients. Symptoms of comorbidity or depression are frequently relieved through self-medication and substance abuse, thus increasing patient health and suicide risk. Therefore, regular health monitoring and patient education in risk factor minimisation are required. AB - CONCLUSION: Early pharmacotherapeutic and psychoeducational interventions are required to improve treatment outcomes, as well as improving patient understanding of ways to minimise comorbidity development.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) ES - 1600-5473 IL - 0065-1591 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acps.12117 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2013 DC - 20130415 YR - 2013 ED - 20131101 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23581787 <147. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24155850 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Mekonnen AB AU - Yesuf EA AU - Odegard PS AU - Wega SS FA - Mekonnen, Alemayehu B FA - Yesuf, Elias A FA - Odegard, Peggy S FA - Wega, Sultan S IN - Mekonnen,Alemayehu B. School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar. Gondar (Ethiopia). TI - Implementing ward based clinical pharmacy services in an Ethiopian University Hospital. SO - Pharmacy Practice. 11(1):51-7, 2013 Jan. AS - Pharm. pract.. 11(1):51-7, 2013 Jan. NJ - Pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101530029 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3780502 CP - Spain KW - Ethiopia; Inpatients; Medication Errors; Pharmaceutical Services; Professional Practice AB - BACKGROUND: Clinical pharmacy practice has developed internationally to expand the role of a pharmacist well beyond the traditional roles of compounding, dispensing and supplying drugs to roles more directly in caring for patients. Studies on the activities of the clinical pharmacist in an inpatient ward in resource constrained settings are scarce, however. AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess ward based clinical pharmacy services in an internal medicine ward of Jimma University Specialized Hospital. AB - METHODS: The study was carried out in the internal medicine ward from March to April, 2011 at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. The study design was a prospective observational study where pharmaceutical care services provided by clinical pharmacists for inpatients were documented over a period of two months. Interventions like optimization of rational drug use and physician acceptance of these recommendations were documented. Clinical significance of interventions was evaluated by an independent team (1 internist, 1 clinical pharmacologist) using a standardized method for categorizing drug related problems (DRPs). AB - RESULTS: A total of 149 drug related interventions conducted for 48 patients were documented; among which 133(89.3%) were clinical pharmacists initiated interventions and 16(10.7%) interventions were initiated by other health care professionals. The most frequent DRPs underlying interventions were unnecessary drug therapy, 36(24.2%); needs additional drug therapy, 34(22.8%) and noncompliance, 29(19.5%). The most frequent intervention type was change of dosage/instruction for use, 23(15.4%). Acceptance rate by physicians was 68.4%. Among the interventions that were rated as clinically significant, 46(48.9%) and 25(26.6%) had major and moderate clinical importance respectively. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Involving trained clinical pharmacists in the healthcare team leads to clinically relevant and well accepted optimization of medicine use in a resource limited settings. This approach can likely be generalized to other health care settings in the country to improve medication outcomes. IS - 1885-642X IL - 1885-642X PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130328 DP - 2013 Jan DC - 20131024 YR - 2013 ED - 20131024 RD - 20131028 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24155850 <148. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23565591 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rossi P AU - Faroni JV AU - Tassorelli C AU - Nappi G FA - Rossi, Paolo FA - Faroni, Jessica Veronica FA - Tassorelli, Cristina FA - Nappi, Giuseppe IN - Rossi,Paolo. Headache Clinic, INI Grottaferrata, Via S,Anna s,n,c, 00046, Grottaferrata, Rome, Italy. paolo.rossi90@alice.it TI - Advice alone versus structured detoxification programmes for complicated medication overuse headache (MOH): a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. SO - Journal of Headache & Pain. 14:10, 2013. AS - J HEADACHE PAIN. 14:10, 2013. NJ - The journal of headache and pain PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100940562 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3620000 SB - Index Medicus CP - Italy MH - Adult MH - Female MH - *Headache Disorders, Secondary/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - *Headache Disorders, Secondary/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Inpatients MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Outpatients MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an educational strategy (advice to withdraw the overused medication/s) with that of two structured pharmacological detoxification programmes in patients with complicated medication overuse headache (MOH) plus migraine. AB - METHODS: One hundred and thirty-seven complicated MOH patients participated in the study. MOH was defined as complicated in patients presenting at least one of the following: a) a diagnosis of co-existent and complicating medical illnesses; b) a current diagnosis of mood disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, or substance addiction disorder; c) relapse after previous detoxification treatment; d) social and environmental problems; e) daily use of multiple doses of symptomatic medications. Group A (46 patients) received only intensive advice to withdraw the overused medication/s. Group B (46 patients) underwent a standard detoxification programme as outpatients (advice+steroids+preventive treatment). Group C (45 patients) underwent a standard inpatient withdrawal programme (advice+steroids+fluid replacement and antiemetics preventive treatment). Withdrawal therapy was considered successful if, after two months, the patient had reverted to an intake of NSAIDs lower than 15 days/month or to an intake of other symptomatic medication/s lower than 10 days/month. AB - RESULTS: Twenty-two patients failed to attend follow-up visits (11 in Group A, 9 in Group B, 2 in Group C, p<0.03). Overall, we detoxified 70% of the whole cohort, 60.1% of the patients in Group A and in Group B, and 88.8% of those in Group C (p<0.01). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient withdrawal is significantly more effective than advice alone or an outpatient strategy in complicated MOH patients. ES - 1129-2377 IL - 1129-2369 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-14-10 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20130208 DP - 2013 DC - 20130409 YR - 2013 ED - 20130924 RD - 20150707 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23565591 <149. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 24058894 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Saba M AU - Bittoun R AU - Kritikos V AU - Saini B FA - Saba, Maya FA - Bittoun, Renee FA - Kritikos, Vicky FA - Saini, Bandana IN - Saba,Maya. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia. TI - Smoking cessation in community pharmacy practice-a clinical information needs analysis. SO - Springerplus. 2:449, 2013. AS - Springerplus. 2:449, 2013. NJ - SpringerPlus PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101597967 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3777019 CP - Switzerland KW - Attitudes; Knowledge; Pharmacy; Questionnaire; Smoking cessation AB - BACKGROUND: With the emerging role of pharmacists in implementing smoking cessation services and the recent evidence about smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, a needs analysis to assess baseline knowledge about current smoking cessation practice is needed; hence, training and development in this area can target possible 'gaps'. AB - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at exploring pharmacy students' knowledge about and attitudes toward smoking cessation, as compared to practicing community pharmacists and smoking cessation educators. The overall objective was to uncover underlying 'gaps' in pharmacy-based smoking cessation practice, particularly clinical gaps. AB - SETTING: Final-year pharmacy students at the University of Sydney, practicing community pharmacists and smoking cessation educators in Australia. AB - METHOD: As no previous standard pharmacist-focused smoking cessation knowledge questionnaires exist, a review of the literature informed the development of such a questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to a cohort of fourth-year pharmacy students at the University of Sydney, practicing pharmacists and smoking cessation educators. Data analysis was performed using Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW Statistics 18). Mean total scores, independent t-tests, analysis of variances and exploratory factor analysis were performed. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: To determine areas of major clinical deficits about current evidence related to smoking cessation interventions at the pharmacy level. AB - RESULTS: Responses from 250 students, 51 pharmacists and 20 educators were obtained. Smoking educators scored significantly higher than pharmacists and students (P<.05), while score differences in the latter two groups were not statistically significant (P>.05). All groups scored high on 'general' knowledge questions as compared to specialised pharmacologic and pharmacotherapeutic questions. All respondents demonstrated positive attitudes toward the implications of smoking cessation. Factor analysis of the 24-item knowledge section extracted 12 items loading on 5 factors accounting for 53% of the total variance. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The results provide a valid indication of 'gaps' in the practice of up-to-date smoking cessation services among Australian pharmacy professionals, particularly in clinical expertise areas involving assessment of nicotine dependence and indications, dosages, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions and combinations of available pharmacotherapies. These gaps should be addressed, and the results should inform the design, implementation and evaluation of a pharmacy-based educational training program targeting current clinical issues in smoking cessation. ES - 2193-1801 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-449 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130911 DP - 2013 DC - 20130923 YR - 2013 ED - 20130923 RD - 20140124 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24058894 <150. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22809895 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Neale J AU - Nettleton S AU - Pickering L FA - Neale, Joanne FA - Nettleton, Sarah FA - Pickering, Lucy IN - Neale,Joanne. Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Jack Straw's Lane, Marston, Oxford OX3 0FL UK. jneale@brookes.ac.uk TI - Does recovery-oriented treatment prompt heroin users prematurely into detoxification and abstinence programmes? Qualitative study. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 127(1-3):163-9, 2013 Jan 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 127(1-3):163-9, 2013 Jan 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - *Heroin Dependence/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Heroin Dependence/px [Psychology] MH - *Heroin Dependence/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Recovery of Function MH - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/mt [Methods] MH - *Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/st [Standards] MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Young Adult AB - AIMS: (i) To consider whether or not recovery-oriented treatment might be prompting heroin users prematurely into detoxification and abstinence programmes; (ii) to explore the findings with reference to Foucauldian theory. AB - METHODS: Longitudinal qualitative data comprising 57 audio-recorded interviews, which captured heroin users' views and experiences of treatment duration. Participants included 30 heroin users (15 men; 15 women) starting a new episode of treatment, of whom 27 (14 men; 13 women) were re-interviewed after 3 months. Recruitment occurred in community drug services, pharmacies and residential treatment settings in Southern England, UK. Transcribed data were systematically coded and analysed inductively. AB - FINDINGS: All participants wanted to be free from heroin and prescribed substitute drugs. Individuals were often impatient with the detoxing process and some reduced dosages of substitute medication faster than prescribers recommended, occasioning cross addiction and relapse. Previously unsuccessful rapid detoxifications induced slower recovery attempts. Participation in residential rehabilitation facilitated client realisation that recovery required time and effort. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Recovery-oriented treatment can prompt heroin users prematurely into detoxification and abstinence programmes with negative consequences. The desire to detoxify quickly can be interpreted through Foucault's concepts of 'self-governance' and 'resistance;' heroin users' participation in decision-making processes reflects notions of 'agency;' and clients' willingness to adopt longer approaches to recovery following past negative detoxification experiences and exposure to residential rehabilitation confirms their commitment to be 'well.' The experiential knowledge of heroin users who have personally attempted recovery is a crucial resource for both those contemplating their own recovery and those advocating recovery-oriented services.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DI - S0376-8716(12)00262-1 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.030 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120717 DP - 2013 Jan 1 DC - 20121218 YR - 2013 ED - 20130919 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22809895 <151. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22806453 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Beletsky L AU - Lozada R AU - Gaines T AU - Abramovitz D AU - Staines H AU - Vera A AU - Rangel G AU - Arredondo J AU - Strathdee SA FA - Beletsky, Leo FA - Lozada, Remedios FA - Gaines, Tommi FA - Abramovitz, Daniela FA - Staines, Hugo FA - Vera, Alicia FA - Rangel, Gudelia FA - Arredondo, Jaime FA - Strathdee, Steffanie A IN - Beletsky,Leo. Division of Global Public Health, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. l.beletsky@neu.edu TI - Syringe confiscation as an HIV risk factor: the public health implications of arbitrary policing in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 90(2):284-98, 2013 Apr. AS - J Urban Health. 90(2):284-98, 2013 Apr. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3675719 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Female MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - *Law Enforcement MH - Mexico MH - Odds Ratio MH - *Public Health MH - Regression Analysis MH - Risk Factors MH - *Sex Workers MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - *Syringes AB - Female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) face elevated risk for HIV/STIs and constitute a key population for public health prevention. Through direct and indirect pathways including human rights violations, policing practices like syringe confiscation can compound FSW-IDU health risk and facilitate the spread of disease. We studied correlates of experiencing syringe confiscation among FSW-IDUs in northern Mexico, where formal policy allows for syringes to be available over the counter without a prescription, but police practices are often at odds with the law. FSW-IDUs reporting recent syringe sharing and unprotected sex with clients in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez were administered surveys and HIV/STI testing. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of syringe confiscation. Among 624 respondent FSW-IDUs, prevalence of syringe confiscation in the last 6 months was 48%. The following factors were positively associated with syringe confiscation: testing positive for HIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.11-5.80), reporting sexual abuse by police (aOR=12.76, 95% CI=6.58-24.72), engaging in groin injection (aOR=1.84, 95% CI=1.15-2.93), injecting in public (aOR=1.64; 95% CI=1.14-2.36), and obtaining syringes from pharmacies (aOR=1.54; 95% CI=1.06-2.23). Higher education level was negatively associated with syringe confiscation (aOR=0.92, 95% CI=0.87-0.98) as was frequent injection with clients within the last month (aOR=0.64, 95% CI=0.44-0.94). This analysis adds to the body of evidence linking unauthorized law enforcement actions targeting high-risk groups with HIV and other adverse health outcomes. Using a public health lens to conceptualize abuse as a structural risk factor, we advocate for multi-prong prevention, systematic monitoring, and evidence-based intervention response to deleterious police practices. ES - 1468-2869 IL - 1099-3460 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9741-3 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - D43 TW008633 (United States FIC NIH HHS) NO - D43TW008633 (United States FIC NIH HHS) NO - K01 DA034523 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA023877 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R25DA025771 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2013 Apr DC - 20130326 YR - 2013 ED - 20130916 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22806453 <152. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22718357 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lutnick A AU - Cooper E AU - Dodson C AU - Bluthenthal R AU - Kral AH FA - Lutnick, Alexandra FA - Cooper, Erin FA - Dodson, Chaka FA - Bluthenthal, Ricky FA - Kral, Alex H IN - Lutnick,Alexandra. Urban Health Program, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, USA. alutnick@rti.org TI - Pharmacy syringe purchase test of nonprescription syringe sales in San Francisco and Los Angeles in 2010. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 90(2):276-83, 2013 Apr. AS - J Urban Health. 90(2):276-83, 2013 Apr. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3675724 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Commerce MH - Communicable Disease Control MH - Community Pharmacy Services/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Humans MH - Los Angeles MH - Needle-Exchange Programs MH - Qualitative Research MH - San Francisco MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Syringes/ec [Economics] MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] AB - The two main legal sources of clean needles for illicit injection drug users (IDUs) in California are syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and nonprescription syringe sales (NPSS) at pharmacies. In 2004, California became one of the last states to allow NPSS. To evaluate the implementation of NPSS and the California Disease Prevention Demonstration Project (DPDP), we conducted syringe purchase tests in San Francisco (SF) and Los Angeles (LA) between March and July of 2010. Large differences in implementation were observed in the two cities. In LA, less than one-quarter of the enrolled pharmacies sold syringes to our research assistant (RA), and none sold a single syringe. The rate of successful purchase in LA is the lowest reported in any syringe purchase test. In both sites, there was notable variation among the gauge size available, and price and quantity of syringes required for a purchase. None of the DPDP pharmacies in LA or SF provided the requisite health information. The findings suggest that more outreach needs to be conducted with pharmacists and pharmacy staff. The pharmacies' failure to disseminate the educational materials may result in missed opportunities to provide needed harm reduction information to IDUs. The varied prices and required quantities may serve as a barrier to syringe access among IDUs. Future research needs to examine reasons why pharmacies do not provide the mandated information, whether the omission of disposal options is indicative of pharmacies' reluctance to serve as disposal sites, and if the dual opt-in approach of NPSS/DPDP is a barrier to pharmacy enrollment. ES - 1468-2869 IL - 1099-3460 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9713-7 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 1R21DA024966-01A1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2013 Apr DC - 20130326 YR - 2013 ED - 20130916 RD - 20150224 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22718357 <153. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23312770 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Iliceto P AU - Fino E AU - Pasquariello S AU - D'Angelo Di Paola ME AU - Enea D FA - Iliceto, Paolo FA - Fino, Emanuele FA - Pasquariello, Stefania FA - D'Angelo Di Paola, Maria E FA - Enea, Domenico IN - Iliceto,Paolo. Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, RM, Italy. TI - Predictors of success in smoking cessation among Italian adults motivated to quit. SO - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 44(5):534-40, 2013 May-Jun. AS - J Subst Abuse Treat. 44(5):534-40, 2013 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of substance abuse treatment PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - kai, 8500909 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Age of Onset MH - Benzazepines/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Bupropion/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Cognitive Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Italy MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Motivation MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - Psychotherapy, Group/mt [Methods] MH - Quinoxalines/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Sex Factors MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Time Factors MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Varenicline AB - We examined the role of sexual gender, age, working status, education, cigarettes per day, Fagerstrom test, age of onset, pharmacologic intervention (bupropion or varenicline), 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral group counseling therapy (GCT) conducted over 6 weeks, and level of attendance of the counseling program as predictors of smoking cessation on 1282 Italian adult smokers. Results of a multi-variate forward stepwise conditional logistic analysis, at the first step, indicate that subjects who attended the program from 4 to 6 sessions and from 1 to 3 sessions, respectively, resulted about 3 times and 24 times more likely to smoke than those attending from 7 to 10 sessions; at the second step, subjects with high Fagerstrom score were 2 times more likely to smoke than subjects with low/middle Fagerstrom; at the third step, subjects treated only with GCT were 2 times more likely to smoke than subjects with combined pharmacologic interventions and GCT; at the fourth step, subjects with age of onset less than 17 years were 1.5 times more likely to smoke than subjects with a higher age of onset; eventually, at the fifth step women resulted 1.5 times more likely to smoke than men. In conclusion, we found that a steady attendance of the cognitive behavioral program, as well as the addition of pharmacologic interventions to counseling, remarkably increased the probability of the smoking cessation behavior to be determined. Nevertheless, FTQ was a valid measure in predicting the smoking cessation, and women revealed to be more likely to keep the smoking behavior, as well as subjects who declared an age of onset less than 17 years.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Benzazepines) RN - 0 (Quinoxalines) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) RN - W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline) ES - 1873-6483 IL - 0740-5472 DI - S0740-5472(12)00452-7 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2012.12.004 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130109 DP - 2013 May-Jun DC - 20130318 YR - 2013 ED - 20130913 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23312770 <154. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22998048 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Toklu HZ FA - Toklu, Hale Zerrin IN - Toklu,Hale Zerrin. Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Tibbiye Cad. No: 49, 34668 Haydarpasa - Istanbul, Turkey. haletoklu@yahoo.com TI - Problem based pharmacotherapy teaching for pharmacy students and pharmacists. SO - Current Drug Delivery. 10(1):67-70, 2013 Feb. AS - Curr Drug Deliv. 10(1):67-70, 2013 Feb. NJ - Current drug delivery PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101208455 SB - Index Medicus CP - United Arab Emirates MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - Turkey AB - Pharmacy profession also involves identifying, solving and preventing drug-related problems, as well as encouraging proper use of medications, thus improving clinical outcome of the treatment. Pharmacotherapy is usually thaught as lectures in pharmacy schools and many students have a difficulty in implementing the theoretical knowledge into practice. Therefore courses on "rational drug use or rational pharmacotherapy" should be given by problem based teaching methods. Since 2009, "Rational Drug Use" courses are given in Marmara University School of Pharmacy by such a method (based on simulated patients and dispensing score) developed by the 'Turkish Pharmacological Society'. The method enables problem based learning and it is also used in some of the pharmacy schools in Turkey and in Near East University in Northern Cyprus. This kind of learning will provide ability for critical thinking, improve problemsolving skills and decision making during pharmacotherapy. ES - 1875-5704 IL - 1567-2018 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Feb DC - 20130313 YR - 2013 ED - 20130826 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22998048 <155. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23294766 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Zorrilla EP AU - Heilig M AU - de Wit H AU - Shaham Y FA - Zorrilla, Eric P FA - Heilig, Markus FA - de Wit, Harriet FA - Shaham, Yavin IN - Zorrilla,Eric P. Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ezorrilla@scripps.edu TI - Behavioral, biological, and chemical perspectives on targeting CRF(1) receptor antagonists to treat alcoholism. [Review] SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 128(3):175-86, 2013 Mar 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 128(3):175-86, 2013 Mar 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS436824 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3596012 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - *Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Animals MH - *Anxiety/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Clinical Trials as Topic MH - *Depressive Disorder, Major/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Drug Discovery MH - *Ethanol/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] MH - Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/ge [Genetics] MH - Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/me [Metabolism] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorders are chronic disabling conditions for which existing pharmacotherapies have only modest efficacy. In the present review, derived from the 2012 Behavior, Biology and Chemistry "Translational Research in Addiction" symposium, we summarize the anti-relapse potential of corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 (CRF(1)) receptor antagonists to reduce negative emotional symptoms of acute and protracted alcohol withdrawal and stress-induced relapse to alcohol seeking. AB - METHODS: We review the biology of CRF(1) systems, the activity of CRF(1) receptor antagonists in animal models of anxiolytic and antidepressant activity, and experimental findings in alcohol addiction models. We also update the clinical trial status of CRF(1) receptor antagonists, including pexacerfont (BMS-562086), emicerfont (GW876008), verucerfont (GSK561679), CP316311, SSR125543A, R121919/NBI30775, R317573/19567470/CRA5626, and ONO-2333Ms. Finally, we discuss the potential heterogeneity and pharmacogenomics of CRF(1) receptor pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence. AB - RESULTS: The evidence suggests that brain penetrant-CRF(1) receptor antagonists have therapeutic potential for alcohol dependence. Lead compounds with clinically desirable pharmacokinetic properties now exist, and longer receptor residence rates (i.e., slow dissociation) may predict greater CRF(1) receptor antagonist efficacy. Functional variants in genes that encode CRF system molecules, including polymorphisms in Crhr1 (rs110402, rs1876831, rs242938) and Crhbp genes (rs10055255, rs3811939) may promote alcohol seeking and consumption by altering basal or stress-induced CRF system activation. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing clinical trials with pexacerfont and verucerfont in moderately to highly severe dependent anxious alcoholics may yield insight as to the role of CRF(1) receptor antagonists in a personalized medicine approach to treat drug or alcohol dependence.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DI - S0376-8716(12)00493-0 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.017 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural PT - Review NO - AA006420 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - DA02812 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DK026741 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) NO - DK070118 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) NO - P01 DK026741 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) NO - P60 AA006420 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA002812 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DK070118 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) NO - R13 DA029347 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R13DA029347 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - (United States Intramural NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20130105 DP - 2013 Mar 1 DC - 20130218 YR - 2013 ED - 20130805 RD - 20150813 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23294766 <156. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23903810 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Laugesen K AU - Telen Andersen AB AU - Norgaard M AU - Nielsen RB AU - Thomsen RW AU - Larsen FB AU - Sorensen HT FA - Laugesen, Kristina FA - Telen Andersen, Ane Birgitte FA - Norgaard, Mette FA - Nielsen, Rikke Beck FA - Thomsen, Reimar Wernich FA - Larsen, Finn Breinholt FA - Sorensen, Henrik Toft IN - Laugesen,Kristina. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. TI - Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lifestyle among women of childbearing age: a Danish cross-sectional survey. SO - BMJ Open. 3(7), 2013. AS - BMJ Open. 3(7), 2013. NJ - BMJ open PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101552874 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3731776 CP - England KW - MENTAL HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) among Danish women of childbearing age according to lifestyle factors. AB - DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. AB - SETTING: The Central Denmark Region. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 4234 women (71.5% of the invited women) aged 25-44 years who participated in a public health survey in 2006. AB - OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs) of current and former SSRI use among women characterised by selected lifestyle factors. We obtained information on SSRI use through linkage to the Aarhus University Prescription Database covering all pharmacies in the region. AB - RESULTS: Of the 4234 women in the study, 161 (3.8%) were current SSRI users, 60 (1.4%) were recent users, 223 (5.3%) were former users and 3790 (89.5%) were never users. Current use of SSRIs was more prevalent in obese women than in non-obese women (PR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.3), in current smokers compared with non-current smokers (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2), in women who drank more than seven alcoholic drinks weekly compared with women who drank seven or fewer drinks weekly (PR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8) and in women with an unhealthy diet compared with women with a healthy diet (PR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Prevalence of former use of SSRIs was similarly increased except in those with an unhealthy diet (PR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.7). SSRI use did not differ according to participation in regular physical activity. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Women with an unhealthy lifestyle were about 1.5-fold more likely to be current or former users of SSRIs than those with a healthy lifestyle. These findings may be useful for quantitative assessment of the contribution of lifestyle factors to uncontrolled confounding in studies of SSRI use in pregnancy. ES - 2044-6055 DI - e003024 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003024 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20130731 DP - 2013 DC - 20130801 YR - 2013 ED - 20130801 RD - 20131125 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23903810 <157. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23777042 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Modesto-Lowe V AU - Chmielewska A FA - Modesto-Lowe, Vania FA - Chmielewska, Anna IN - Modesto-Lowe,Vania. Addiction Services Division, Connecticut Valley Hospital, Middletown, USA. vania.modesto-lowe@po.state.ct.us TI - Coping with urges to smoke: what is a clinician to do?. [Review] SO - Connecticut Medicine. 77(5):289-94, 2013 May. AS - Conn Med. 77(5):289-94, 2013 May. NJ - Connecticut medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - dqf, 0372745 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Adaptation, Psychological MH - Cognitive Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Smoking Cessation/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/th [Therapy] MH - Tobacco Use Cessation Products AB - Cigarette smoking is a public-health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective medications such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline can assistwith nicotine withdrawal and facilitate smoking cessation. In order to sustain abstinence, however, a smoker must also disrupt strong behavioral associations with smoking. Behavioral strategies complement pharmacotherapy by enhancing the smoker's motivation to quit and teaching quitting skills such as managing relapse triggers (e.g. negative emotions, urges to smoke). Despite these therapies, long-term cigarette abstinence rates are modest for each attempt to quit. However, many smokers who are persistent in their efforts eventually quit. This review outlines strategies for smoking cessation with a focus on pharmacotherapy. IS - 0010-6178 IL - 0010-6178 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2013 May DC - 20130619 YR - 2013 ED - 20130709 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23777042 <158. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23814282 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Masson SC AU - Mabasa VH AU - Malyuk DL AU - Perrott JL FA - Masson, Sarah C FA - Mabasa, Vincent H FA - Malyuk, Douglas L FA - Perrott, Jerrold L TI - Validity Evidence for FASTHUG-MAIDENS, a Mnemonic for Identifying Drug-Related Problems in the Intensive Care Unit.[Erratum appears in Can J Hosp Pharm. 2013 Jul;66(4):252; PMID: 23950609] SO - Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 66(3):157-62, 2013 May. AS - Can J Hosp Pharm. 66(3):157-62, 2013 May. NJ - The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d2k, 0215645 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3694936 CP - Canada KW - adverse effects; checklist; drug-related problems; intensive care unit; patient outcomes; pharmacist AB - BACKGROUND: The mnemonic FASTHUG (Feeding, Analgesia, Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head of bed elevation, stress Ulcer prophylaxis, Glucose control) was developed by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians to ensure that key aspects of care are addressed during each patient encounter. Because this tool does not specifically target pharmacotherapy assessments, a modified version, FASTHUG-MAIDENS, was created, by changing the H to mean Hypoactive or Hyperactive delirium and adding M for Medication reconciliation; A for Antibiotics or Anti-infectives; I for Indications for medications; D for drug Dosing; E for Electrolytes, hematology, and other laboratory tests; N for No drug interactions, allergies, duplication, or side effects; and S for Stop dates. AB - OBJECTIVE: To validate the use of FASTHUG-MAIDENS as a tool for identifying drug-related problems (DRPs) in the ICU. AB - METHODS: This randomized, prospective validation study took place between January and May 2011 in the ICUs of 4 hospitals: 2 community-level ICUs and 2 tertiary referral ICUs. Each ICU had a dedicated ICU pharmacist and one or more pharmacy residents completing an ICU rotation as part of their pharmacy practice residency (total of 6 residents). The 6 pharmacy residents were randomly assigned to assess patients admitted to the ICU using FASTHUG-MAIDENS or standard monitoring practice. The mean proportion of DRPs per patient encounter identified by the residents (relative to DRPs identified by the ICU pharmacists) was the primary outcome, and the proportion of total DRPs identified in each group was assessed as a secondary end point. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacy residents using the FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic identified a significantly greater mean proportion of DRPs per patient encounter (73.2% versus 52.4%, p = 0.008) and a greater proportion of total DRPs (77.1% versus 52.5%, p < 0.001) than those assessing patients according to standard monitoring practice. AB - CONCLUSION: In this sample, the mnemonic FASTHUG-MAIDENS was a useful tool to facilitate the capture of DRPs by pharmacy residents working in the ICU. OA - Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Language: French ES - 1920-2903 IL - 0008-4123 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 May DC - 20130701 YR - 2013 ED - 20130704 RD - 20151110 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23814282 <159. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23616675 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Ho L AU - Akada K AU - Messner H AU - Kuruvilla J AU - Wright J AU - Seki JT FA - Ho, Lina FA - Akada, Keith FA - Messner, Hans FA - Kuruvilla, John FA - Wright, Janice FA - Seki, Jack T TI - Pharmacist's Role in Improving Medication Safety for Patients in an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Ambulatory Clinic. SO - Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 66(2):110-7, 2013 Mar. AS - Can J Hosp Pharm. 66(2):110-7, 2013 Mar. NJ - The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d2k, 0215645 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3633495 CP - Canada KW - allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation; ambulatory clinic; drug therapy problems; medication discrepancy; medication reconciliation; medication safety AB - BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), supported by complex drug regimens, are vulnerable to drug therapy problems (DTPs) at interfaces of care after discharge from hospital and may benefit from timely pharmacy interventions and education. AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect on medication safety of, as well as potential barriers to, incorporating a pharmacist in the multidisciplinary team of an allo-HCT clinic. AB - METHODS: Two pharmacists rotated to attend the allo-HCT clinic of a tertiary care, university-affiliated cancer centre between January and June 2010 (coverage for 1 of 3 clinic days per week). For every patient who was seen by a pharmacist, all discharge medications were reconciled from the inpatient ward to the clinic. The pharmacists' primary task was to perform medication reconciliation and to identify and resolve DTPs. The pharmacists also provided medication education to patients and pharmacy consultations to clinic staff. Working with the outpatient pharmacy, the pharmacists helped to clarify prescriptions and drug coverage issues. Medication discrepancies identified and interventions performed by the pharmacists were recorded and were later graded for clinical significance by a panel of clinicians. Patient and staff satisfaction surveys were conducted at random during the study period. Barriers to the flow of patient care and other operational issues were documented. AB - RESULTS: The 2 pharmacists saw a total of 35 patients over 100 visits. They identified a total of 50 medication discrepancies involving 17 (49%) of the patients and 70 DTPs involving 23 (66%) of the patients. Thirty-one of the 70 DTPs resulted directly from a medication discrepancy. Twenty (95%) of the 21 unintentional medication discrepancies and 7 (70%) of the 10 undocumented intentional medication discrepancies were graded as clinically significant or moderately significant. Satisfaction surveys completed by patients and clinic staff yielded positive responses supporting pharmacists' participation. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists working as part of the multidisciplinary team identified and resolved medication discrepancies, thereby improving medication safety at the allo-HCT clinic. OA - Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Language: French ES - 1920-2903 IL - 0008-4123 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Mar DC - 20130425 YR - 2013 ED - 20130704 RD - 20150811 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23616675 <160. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21263834 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Borins M FA - Borins, M TI - Biofeedback, relaxation techniques and attitudinal changes in adolescents with migraines. SO - Canadian Family Physician. 33:417-21, 1987 Feb. AS - Can Fam Physician. 33:417-21, 1987 Feb. NJ - Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - blo, 0120300 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2218356 CP - Canada AB - From 3.2% to 9% of school-age children suffer from migraine headaches. Many physicians are concerned that pharmacological treatment of migraines can have undesirable side-effects, as well as lead to drug dependence in adolescents. A number of review articles have shown that biofeedback, behaviour modification and relaxation exercises can significantly help migraine sufferers. This article describes a feasibility study undertaken at a West Toronto high school to see if non-pharmacological treatment of migraines was effective. IS - 0008-350X IL - 0008-350X PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1987 Feb DC - 20110125 YR - 1987 ED - 20130704 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21263834 <161. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23581000 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dole EJ AU - Tommasello A FA - Dole, Ernest J FA - Tommasello, Anthony IN - Dole,Ernest J. Lovelace Health Systems, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health and Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA. TI - Recommendations for implementing effective substance abuse education in pharmacy practice. SO - Substance Abuse. 23(3 Suppl):263-71, 2002 Sep. AS - Subst Abus. 23(3 Suppl):263-71, 2002 Sep. NJ - Substance abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8808537, 101514834 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Alcoholism/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Alcoholism/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Clinical Competence MH - Cooperative Behavior MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Education, Pharmacy, Graduate MH - Humans MH - Interdisciplinary Communication MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Prescription Drugs MH - Specialization MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - United States RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) IS - 0889-7077 IL - 0889-7077 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Sep DC - 20130412 YR - 2002 ED - 20130701 RD - 20150330 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=23581000 <162. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23750137 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Gass JT AU - Chandler LJ FA - Gass, J T FA - Chandler, L J IN - Gass,J T. Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA. TI - The Plasticity of Extinction: Contribution of the Prefrontal Cortex in Treating Addiction through Inhibitory Learning. SO - Frontiers in psychiatry Frontiers Research Foundation. 4:46, 2013. AS - Front Psychiatr. 4:46, 2013. NJ - Frontiers in psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101545006 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3667556 CP - Switzerland KW - addiction; extinction learning; infralimbic; prefrontal cortex; prelimbic AB - Theories of drug addiction that incorporate various concepts from the fields of learning and memory have led to the idea that classical and operant conditioning principles underlie the compulsiveness of addictive behaviors. Relapse often results from exposure to drug-associated cues, and the ability to extinguish these conditioned behaviors through inhibitory learning could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for those who suffer from addiction. This review will examine the evidence that extinction learning alters neuronal plasticity in specific brain regions and pathways. In particular, subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and their projections to other brain regions have been shown to differentially modulate drug-seeking and extinction behavior. Additionally, there is a growing body of research demonstrating that manipulation of neuronal plasticity can alter extinction learning. Therefore, the ability to alter plasticity within areas of the PFC through pharmacological manipulation could facilitate the acquisition of extinction and provide a novel intervention to aid in the extinction of drug-related memories. ES - 1664-0640 IL - 1664-0640 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00046 PT - Journal Article NO - R00 AA020537 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R01 AA010983 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - U01 AA019967 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20130530 DP - 2013 DC - 20130610 YR - 2013 ED - 20130611 RD - 20140704 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23750137 <163. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22695219 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wenthur CJ AU - Cross BS AU - Vernon VP AU - Shelly JL AU - Harth BN AU - Lienhoop AD AU - Madison NR AU - Murawski MM FA - Wenthur, Cody J FA - Cross, Bethany S FA - Vernon, Veronica P FA - Shelly, Jamie L FA - Harth, Brielle N FA - Lienhoop, Adam D FA - Madison, Nicholas R FA - Murawski, Matthew M IN - Wenthur,Cody J. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. TI - Opinions and experiences of Indiana pharmacists and student pharmacists: the need for addiction and substance abuse education in the United States. SO - Research In Social & Administrative Pharmacy. 9(1):90-100, 2013 Jan-Feb. AS - Res Social Adm Pharm. 9(1):90-100, 2013 Jan-Feb. NJ - Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101231974 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Indiana MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Professional Role MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States AB - BACKGROUND: Substance abuse and addiction are growing public health problems. Pharmacists are potentially in a position to be of great assistance in ameliorating these threats yet might not be receiving the education and training to do so effectively. AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative perceived importance of substance abuse topics in pharmacy education among student pharmacists and pharmacy practitioners in the state of Indiana. AB - METHODS: Questionnaires were administered in class to students at Purdue University College of Pharmacy and via direct mail to the home addresses of randomly selected licensed Indiana pharmacists in 2009 to elicit information on the relevance and interest for particular topics within addiction education, prior education received regarding addiction, and the frequency of professional interactions that involved addiction. AB - RESULTS: Three hundred fifty students (74%) and 625 pharmacists (26%) responded to the survey. The average interest across all surveyed topics was 3.18/4.00 for students and 3.47/4.00 for practitioners. Areas rated highly by both groups included withdrawal, pain management, and recognition of signs and symptoms of addiction in patients. Qualitative responses from practitioners suggest strong interest in further education in this area and a perceived need for increased educational exposure during the student pharmacist experience. The average pharmacist respondent spent 6.94% of the time dealing with people who were addicted, and 22.2% had independent addiction education. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists and pharmacy student respondents overwhelmingly felt that educational preparation in this area is important. A significant portion of time in practice is spent managing addiction-related issues, and further educational opportunities are being pursued beyond graduation to fulfill the educational needs of the practitioner respondents.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ES - 1934-8150 IL - 1551-7411 DI - S1551-7411(12)00036-8 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.03.003 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120612 DP - 2013 Jan-Feb DC - 20121211 YR - 2013 ED - 20130517 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22695219 <164. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23193335 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Oliver M AU - Cates ME AU - Hogue MD AU - Alverson SP AU - Woolley TW FA - Oliver, Maggee FA - Cates, Marshall E FA - Hogue, Michael D FA - Alverson, Susan P FA - Woolley, Thomas W IN - Oliver,Maggee. McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA. TI - Attitudes of matriculating first-year pharmacy students toward a mandatory, random drug-screening program. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 76(9):171, 2012 Nov 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 76(9):171, 2012 Nov 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3508485 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Data Collection MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mandatory Testing/mt [Methods] MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Abuse Detection/mt [Methods] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] KW - attitudes; illicit drug testing; pharmacy students AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitudes of incoming pharmacy students toward a mandatory, random urine drug-screening program. AB - METHODS: This was an anonymous, voluntary survey of students at the McWhorter School of Pharmacy (MSOP) using an instrument composed of 40 items. The instrument was administered during orientation week prior to the session during which the policies and procedures of MSOP's drug-screening program were to be discussed. AB - RESULTS: The survey instrument was completed by all 129 (100%) students in the class. Two-thirds of the students were aware of MSOP's drug-screening program prior to applying, but only a few felt uneasy about applying to the school because of the program. The greatest concerns expressed by the students included what would happen if a student unintentionally missed a drug screen or was busy with other matters when called for screening, how much time a drug-screening would take, and the possibility of false-positive drug screen results. The vast majority of students agreed with statements regarding the potential benefits of drug testing. Students who consumed alcohol in a typical week and those with current or past use of an illegal substance held less favorable attitudes toward MSOP's mandatory drug-screening program compared with students who did not share those characteristics. AB - CONCLUSION: Although there were definite concerns expressed regarding pragmatic issues surrounding drug screening, the first-year pharmacy students held generally favorable opinions about the school's mandatory drug-screening program. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe769171 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Nov 12 DC - 20121129 YR - 2012 ED - 20130503 RD - 20150219 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23193335 <165. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23193328 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fincham JE FA - Fincham, Jack E IN - Fincham,Jack E. School of Pharmacy, The University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. finchamj@umkc.edu TI - Importance of alcohol awareness and issues in curricula. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 76(9):164, 2012 Nov 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 76(9):164, 2012 Nov 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3508478 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Alcohol Drinking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcohol-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Faculty/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Public Health MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe769164 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Nov 12 DC - 20121129 YR - 2012 ED - 20130503 RD - 20150219 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23193328 <166. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23135555 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Davis E AU - Norman S AU - Lindsey A FA - Davis, Erica FA - Norman, Sarah FA - Lindsey, Adrienne TI - Opportunities for pharmacists in the criminal justice system. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 69(22):1944-5, 2012 Nov 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 69(22):1944-5, 2012 Nov 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Alcoholism/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Criminal Law/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Humans MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Professional Role MH - Public Health MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - United States ES - 1535-2900 IL - 1079-2082 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp120428 PT - Letter PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 5U01DA025307-04 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2012 Nov 15 DC - 20121108 YR - 2012 ED - 20130501 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23135555 <167. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22519647 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Walters C AU - Raymont A AU - Galea S AU - Wheeler A FA - Walters, Carina FA - Raymont, Antony FA - Galea, Susanna FA - Wheeler, Amanda IN - Walters,Carina. Community Alcohol and Drug Services, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand. TI - Evaluation of online training for the provision of opioid substitution treatment by community pharmacists in New Zealand. SO - Drug & Alcohol Review. 31(7):903-10, 2012 Nov. AS - Drug Alcohol Rev. 31(7):903-10, 2012 Nov. NJ - Drug and alcohol review PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9015440 SB - Index Medicus CP - Australia MH - Adult MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Female MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Internet MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - New Zealand MH - *Opiate Substitution Treatment/mt [Methods] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult AB - INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The role of community pharmacists in the provision of opioid substitution treatment (OST) is pivotal and integral to addiction treatment. An online training program for pharmacists in OST management was piloted in New Zealand in 2010, following recognition of the difficulty in recruitment and retention of community pharmacists to provide OST services. Our aim was to evaluate the OST online training that was made available for any community pharmacist in New Zealand and to establish the feasibility and acceptability of this format of training for community pharmacists. The evaluation explored participants' attitudes, skills and knowledge both pre- and post-training in OST. AB - DESIGN AND METHODS: All pharmacists registering to participate in the training program were asked to complete an evaluation questionnaire immediately before (pre) and immediately after (post) completing the training. Participants were also invited to participate in a brief 10 min structured telephone interview about their training experience. AB - RESULTS: In the first 4 months 190 pharmacists commenced the training; 101 completed both evaluations. Improvements in the confidence and skills of pharmacists were demonstrated through both the quantitative and qualitative analyses. Statistically significant changes in attitudes were also demonstrated. Overall the OST training was well received and the online format was feasible and highly acceptable. AB - DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Online training is an appropriate and economical method of improving pharmacists' clinical skills with respect to this client group, and has the potential to reach a wider audience of pharmacists. Further research is required to investigate OST client experiences in community pharmacy.Copyright © 2012 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs. ES - 1465-3362 IL - 0959-5236 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00459.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120422 DP - 2012 Nov DC - 20121106 YR - 2012 ED - 20130501 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22519647 <168. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22644343 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rashed AN AU - Neubert A AU - Tomlin S AU - Jackman J AU - Alhamdan H AU - AlShaikh A AU - Attar A AU - Aseeri M AU - Wilton L AU - Wong IC FA - Rashed, Asia N FA - Neubert, Antje FA - Tomlin, Stephen FA - Jackman, John FA - Alhamdan, Hani FA - AlShaikh, Adnan FA - Attar, Ahmed FA - Aseeri, Mohammed FA - Wilton, Lynda FA - Wong, Ian C K IN - Rashed,Asia N. Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK. TI - Epidemiology and potential associated risk factors of drug-related problems in hospitalised children in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 68(12):1657-66, 2012 Dec. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 68(12):1657-66, 2012 Dec. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Drug Utilization Review/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Great Britain/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Hospitals, Teaching/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Polypharmacy MH - Risk Factors MH - Saudi Arabia/ep [Epidemiology] AB - AIM: Drug-related problems (DRP) are "an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with the desired health outcome". The extent and characteristics of DRPs in children in the UK and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are unknown. Our aim was to determine the epidemiology of and identify risk factors for DRPs in hospitalised children. AB - METHODS: A prospective cohort study was carried out in children aged 0-18 years, admitted to the medical ward, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during a 3-month period in two hospitals. Patients' charts, medical records and laboratory data were reviewed daily to identify DRPs; their preventability and severity were assessed. Logistic regression was used to analyse the potential risk factors associated with DRP incidence. AB - RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirty-seven children (median age 2.3 years, interquartile range 6 months to 8 years, 58.1% male) were included. Three hundred and thirty-three patients suffered from 478 DRPs. Overall DRP incidence was 45.2% (95% CI, 41.5-48.8); KSA (51.1%; 95% CI, 45.8-56.3), UK (39.4%; 95% CI, 34.4-44.6). Incidence was highest in the PICU (59.7%; 95% CI, 47.0-71.5). Dosing problems were the most frequently reported DRPs (n=258, 54%). 80.3% of DRP (n=384) cases were preventable; 72.2% (n=345) of DRPs were assessed as minor; 27% (n=129) as moderate. Number of prescriptions and type of admission (transferred) were potential risk factors for DRP occurrence in children. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Drug-related problems were common in the hospitalised children in this study; the most frequent were dosing problems and drug choice problems; the majority of them were preventable. Polypharmacy and transferred admission (another hospital or ward) were potential risk factors. To improve prescribing practices and minimise the risk of DRPs in hospitalised children, paediatric pharmacology and pharmacotherapy are important in medical education. ES - 1432-1041 IL - 0031-6970 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1302-x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120530 DP - 2012 Dec DC - 20121115 YR - 2012 ED - 20130430 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22644343 <169. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23153341 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Costa LG AU - Aschner M FA - Costa, Lucio G FA - Aschner, Michael IN - Costa,Lucio G. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt #100, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. lgcosta@u.washington.edu TI - An interview with Lucio G. Costa and Michael Aschner, section editors for toxicology. SO - BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology. 13:16, 2012. AS - BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 13:16, 2012. NJ - BMC pharmacology & toxicology PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101590449 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3544138 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Animals MH - Humans MH - Research MH - Toxicity Tests MH - *Toxicology AB - Lucio G. Costa is currently Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. Dr. Costa is a renowned neurotoxicologist whose research interests are focused on understanding the role of neurotoxic substances in neurodevelopmental disorders and other neurological, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Dr Costa's research laboratory makes use of a variety of in vivo and in vitro cell culture systems, transgenic animal models and imaging techniques to study the cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity.Michael Aschner is the Gray E. B. Stahlman Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine as well as a Senior Investigator at the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development. Dr Aschner's research group has a particular interest in the neurobiology and physiology of astrocytes and the signaling mechanisms associated with central nervous system injury. Dr Aschner's laboratory studies metal uptake and distribution in the brain, investigating the mechanisms of transport of methylmercury and manganese across the capillaries of the blood-brain barrier. His research utilizes various experimental models (C. elegans, tissue cultures and rodents) to understand the acute toxicity of manganese deposition in the brains of human neonates.In this interview we find out a little more about the key issues in the field of toxicology research. ES - 2050-6511 IL - 2050-6511 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2050-6511-13-16 PT - Interview LG - English EP - 20121115 DP - 2012 DC - 20121217 YR - 2012 ED - 20130418 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23153341 <170. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23419631 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Abrams BM FA - Abrams, Bernard M IN - Abrams,Bernard M. Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA. babrams@kc.rr.com TI - Medication overuse headaches. [Review] SO - Medical Clinics of North America. 97(2):337-52, 2013 Mar. AS - Med Clin North Am. 97(2):337-52, 2013 Mar. NJ - The Medical clinics of North America PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - lu6, 2985236r SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analgesics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Ergot Alkaloids/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Headache Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Headache Disorders, Secondary/di [Diagnosis] MH - Headache Disorders, Secondary/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Headache Disorders, Secondary/et [Etiology] MH - Headache Disorders, Secondary/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Humans MH - Migraine Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MH - Tryptamines/ae [Adverse Effects] AB - "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" in the management of MOH. Prevention of transformation of primary headache types to their chronic counterparts is necessary to prevent this most troubling transformation. Strict attention to what patients are telling you (and often times not telling you) about their episodic headaches will enable pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures to avoid that transformation to chronic daily headache, so often associated with MOH. Once MOH becomes manifest, withdrawal of the overused drug is mandatory; otherwise experience tells us the pattern of overuse will only be perpetuated and no measure will help alleviate the headache. At the same time, as detoxification takes place, measures to ensure that relapse will not take place should begin. These efforts include prophylactic pharmacologic measures as well as psychological support, education, and surveillance to prevent relapses. The rate of relapse is unfortunately high, but these general and specific measures enumerated above will add greatly to the chances of success.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Analgesics) RN - 0 (Ergot Alkaloids) RN - 0 (Tryptamines) ES - 1557-9859 IL - 0025-7125 DI - S0025-7125(12)00211-8 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2012.12.007 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20130105 DP - 2013 Mar DC - 20130219 YR - 2013 ED - 20130415 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23419631 <171. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22932721 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Normann C AU - Nissen C AU - Frase L FA - Normann, Claus FA - Nissen, Christoph FA - Frase, Lukas IN - Normann,Claus. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hauptstr 5, 79100 Freiburg, Germany. claus.normann@uniklinik-freiburg.de TI - Neuroenhancement strategies for psychiatric disorders: rationale, status quo and perspectives. [Review] SO - European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience. 262 Suppl 2:S113-6, 2012 Nov. AS - Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 262 Suppl 2:S113-6, 2012 Nov. NJ - European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - a04, 9103030 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Brain/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Brain/ph [Physiology] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Cognition Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Cycloserine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Emotions/de [Drug Effects] MH - Emotions/ph [Physiology] MH - Humans MH - Interpersonal Relations MH - Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Learning/ph [Physiology] MH - *Mental Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Mental Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Oxytocin/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Psychotherapy/mt [Methods] AB - With the growing mechanistic understanding of higher brain functions like learning and memory, vigilance and social cognition, new pharmacological approaches for the treatment of psychiatric disorders arise. Substances used as neuroenhancers for the improvement of cognitive or emotional functions in healthy subjects might provide novel pharmacological opportunities in psychiatry. Intriguingly, drugs like modafinil, D-cycloserine or oxytocin have shown significant improvements in key symptoms in several psychiatric disorders. When used as augmentation strategies, they could either directly interfere with psychopathological impairments or improve response to other treatment modalities like psychotherapy or psychopharmacological drugs. While initial studies yielded promising results, further research on beneficial or adverse effects is required. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 50-56-6 (Oxytocin) RN - 95IK5KI84Z (Cycloserine) ES - 1433-8491 IL - 0940-1334 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-012-0356-1 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20120830 DP - 2012 Nov DC - 20121023 YR - 2012 ED - 20130412 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22932721 <172. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23140593 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gavaza P AU - Yan W AU - Campbell J FA - Gavaza, Paul FA - Yan, Wenfei FA - Campbell, Jennifer IN - Gavaza,Paul. Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, Virginia, USA. pgavaza@gmail.com TI - Main challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector in Buchanan County, Virginia: a pilot study. SO - Rural & Remote Health. 12(4):2125, 2012 Oct. AS - RURAL REMOTE HEALTH. 12(4):2125, 2012 Oct. NJ - Rural and remote health PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101174860 SB - Index Medicus CP - Australia MH - Appalachian Region MH - Clinical Competence/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/ma [Manpower] MH - Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Delphi Technique MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - *Health Personnel/px [Psychology] MH - Humans MH - Inappropriate Prescribing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Male MH - Pilot Projects MH - Poverty MH - Prescription Drugs/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Quality Assurance, Health Care/mt [Methods] MH - *Quality Assurance, Health Care/st [Standards] MH - Rural Health Services/st [Standards] MH - *Rural Health Services MH - Rural Population MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Virginia AB - INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector in rural counties in the USA. The aim of this pilot study is to determine the main challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector and suggestions for improving the sector in Buchanan County, a poor and marginalized county in Central Appalachia, Virginia. AB - METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the drop-by survey based on the first step of the modified Delphi Interview Technique. A convenience sample of healthcare professionals in Buchanan County were asked to complete a self-administered survey instrument between May and August 2011. AB - RESULTS: A total of 16 healthcare professionals including six pharmacists completed the survey. The respondents had worked for an average of 13.4 (SD=10.7) years in the County (range: 1-33 years). The main challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector were drug abuse (n=11), doctor shopping by patients (n=9), early refills (n=7) and drug shortage (n=6). Respondents suggested increased patient education by pharmacists (n=6) and better coordination and communication between pharmacy and doctor (n=6) to improve the pharmaceutical sector in the County. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Drug abuse, doctor shopping, early refills and drug shortage are the main challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector in Buchanan County. Concerted efforts are required to solve these problems. More research is required to confirm these findings. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1445-6354 IL - 1445-6354 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20121102 DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20121112 YR - 2012 ED - 20130409 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23140593 <173. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23080359 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ohl ME AU - Perencevich E AU - McInnes DK AU - Kim N AU - Rimland D AU - Akgun K AU - Fiellin DA AU - Skanderson M AU - Wang K AU - Justice A FA - Ohl, Michael E FA - Perencevich, Eli FA - McInnes, D Keith FA - Kim, Nancy FA - Rimland, David FA - Akgun, Kathleen FA - Fiellin, David A FA - Skanderson, Melissa FA - Wang, Karen FA - Justice, Amy IN - Ohl,Michael E. VA Office of Rural Health (ORH), Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Central Region, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA. michael-ohl@uiowa.edu TI - Antiretroviral adherence among rural compared to urban veterans with HIV infection in the United States. SO - AIDS & Behavior. 17(1):174-80, 2013 Jan. AS - AIDS BEHAV. 17(1):174-80, 2013 Jan. NJ - AIDS and behavior PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9712133 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Anti-Retroviral Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - *HIV Infections/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Medication Adherence/px [Psychology] MH - Medication Adherence/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Middle Aged MH - Odds Ratio MH - Residence Characteristics MH - Retrospective Studies MH - *Rural Population/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - United States MH - United States Department of Veterans Affairs MH - *Urban Population/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Veterans/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - Rural-dwelling persons with HIV infection face barriers to maintaining high levels of antiretroviral adherence. We compared adherence among 1,782 rural and 18,519 urban veterans initiating antiretroviral therapy in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system in the United States between 1998 and 2007. Residence was determined using rural urban commuting area codes and adherence using pharmacy-based refill measures. The median proportion of days covered (PDC) by combination antiretroviral therapy in the first year of treatment ranged from 0.72 among urban residents to 0.79 among rural-small town/remote residents (p < 0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression, predictors of high adherence (PDC greater than 0.90) were residence in a rural-small town/remote setting (odds ratio 1.24, 95 % CI 1.09-1.56, relative to urban), increasing age, white race, absence of an alcohol or substance use disorder, and absence of hepatitis C infection. Results may differ outside VA healthcare, where there may be fewer resources to support adherence among rural-dwelling persons with HIV. RN - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents) ES - 1573-3254 IL - 1090-7165 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0325-8 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 2013 Jan DC - 20130118 YR - 2013 ED - 20130403 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23080359 <174. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22380577 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lai PS AU - Chua SS AU - Chan SP FA - Lai, P S M FA - Chua, S S FA - Chan, S P IN - Lai,P S M. Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. plai@ummc.edu.my TI - Pharmaceutical care issues encountered by post-menopausal osteoporotic women prescribed bisphosphonates. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics. 37(5):536-43, 2012 Oct. AS - J Clin Pharm Ther. 37(5):536-43, 2012 Oct. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - hpi, 8704308 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Alendronate/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Alendronate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Bone Density/de [Drug Effects] MH - Bone Density Conservation Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Bone Density Conservation Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Diphosphonates/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Diphosphonates/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Etidronic Acid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Etidronic Acid/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Etidronic Acid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Malaysia MH - Medication Adherence MH - Middle Aged MH - *Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/mt [Methods] MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - *Pharmaceutical Services MH - Quality of Life MH - Risedronate Sodium AB - WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Pharmacists have been involved in providing comprehensive interventions to osteoporosis patients, but pharmaceutical care issues (PCIs) encountered during such interventions have not been well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to document PCIs encountered by post-menopausal osteoporotic women prescribed bisphosphonates. AB - METHODS: A randomized controlled study was conducted from September 2005-February 2009 in the University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. This main intervention study measured the effects of pharmaceutical care on medication adherence, persistence, quality of life, knowledge and patient satisfaction. However, this manuscript is part of the main intervention study and focuses only on the PCIs encountered. AB - INCLUSION CRITERIA: post-menopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis (T-score<-2.5/low-trauma fracture) and prescribed weekly alendronate/risedronate. AB - EXCLUSION CRITERIA: those with metabolic bone disease and could not communicate in English. The PCIs identified were collected via personal interviews or telephone calls, and each participant was followed-up for a period of 2 years. All PCIs were discussed with and confirmed by a physician. AB - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 198 participants recruited, 64 (32.3%) experienced adverse effects because of bisphosphonates whereas one participant (0.5%) refused to start bisphosphonates because of fear of adverse effects. Most adverse effects [50 (74.6%)] were reported during the first 3 months of therapy with gastrointestinal problems being the main issue [23 (11.6%)]. Of the nine participants (4.5%) who discontinued bisphosphonates, only three agreed to take another medication. From the 97 PCIs identified, 77 issues could be classified as drug-related problems [according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Classification v6.2]. There were 87 causes, 178 interventions and 77 outcomes. The main problem and cause of the PCIs encountered were adverse drug events (83.1% and 74.7% respectively), whereas the main intervention provided was patient counselling (41.0%). All problems were solved (98.5%) except for one because of the lack of cooperation of a patient. After 2 years, 36 participants (20%) were no longer persistent with therapy, 19 (10.6%) did not have clinic follow-up and 53 (26.8%) did not have a bone mineral density scan. AB - WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The main PCIs identified were related to the use of bisphosphonates and its adverse effects. The study showed that the presence of a clinical pharmacist has enabled patients to voice their medication-related issues and to allow appropriate recommendations and actions to be taken to resolve these issues.Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. RN - 0 (Bone Density Conservation Agents) RN - 0 (Diphosphonates) RN - M2F465ROXU (Etidronic Acid) RN - OFG5EXG60L (Risedronate Sodium) RN - X1J18R4W8P (Alendronate) ES - 1365-2710 IL - 0269-4727 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2012.01335.x PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120301 DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20120904 YR - 2012 ED - 20130403 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22380577 <175. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23020022 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Janik-Koncewicz K AU - Zatonski T AU - Poltyn-Zaradna K AU - Zatonska K AU - Cedzynska M AU - Przewozniak K AU - Wojtyla A FA - Janik-Koncewicz, Kinga FA - Zatonski, Tomasz FA - Poltyn-Zaradna, Katarzyna FA - Zatonska, Katarzyna FA - Cedzynska, Magdalena FA - Przewozniak, Krzysztof FA - Wojtyla, Andrzej IN - Janik-Koncewicz,Kinga. The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Warsaw, Poland. janikk@coi.pl TI - An attempt to assess knowledge about tobacco dependence among students at the Medical University in Wroclaw. SO - Annals of Agricultural & Environmental Medicine. 19(3):345-9, 2012. AS - Ann Agric Environ Med. 19(3):345-9, 2012. NJ - Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9500166 SB - Index Medicus CP - Poland MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Poland/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Medical/px [Psychology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - Young Adult AB - INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoking is still one of the greatest, avoidable, singular causes of death. Although students of medical faculties are expected to have solid knowledge about smoking hazards, a significant number of them still smoke. AB - AIM: The aim of the study was to assess knowledge on tobacco dependence in a sample of students at the Medical University in Wroclaw. AB - MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2009-2011, non-compulsory lectures on the diagnosis and treatment of tobacco dependence were provided for 3(rd) to 6(th) year students of medicine at the Medical University in Wroclaw (170 students). The questionnaire contained 10 questions about smoking-related diseases and medicines used in tobacco dependence treatment. AB - RESULTS: 21% of students smoked cigarettes and 79% were never smokers. 36% of the study group was exposed to passive smoking at the university. Nearly 80% of survey respondents agreed with the statement that cigarette smoking can lead to psychological addiction as strong as drug addiction, but more than 12% of the respondents perceived smoking just as a strong habit. Only 6 out of 10 surveyed students recognised tobacco dependence as an illness classified in an international classification of diseases and health problems (ICD-10). The correct amount of the chemical substances to be found in tobacco smoke was known by 67.1% of all surveyed students. The vast majority of the surveyed students indicated correctly 2 brands of nicotine replacement therapy, but none of them could name even one chemical and corresponding trade name of the pharmaceutical with central effect. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The level of knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of tobacco dependence among the students of the Medical Faculty in Wroclaw Medical University is low, and requires improvement through educational activities at both facultative and compulsory study level. Special attention should be paid to pharmaceutical treatment of the tobacco dependence syndrome. RN - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution) ES - 1898-2263 IL - 1232-1966 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 DC - 20121001 YR - 2012 ED - 20130304 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23020022 <176. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22544623 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Spaulding AM FA - Spaulding, Adam Michael IN - Spaulding,Adam Michael. Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA. spauldia@acphs.edu TI - A pharmacotherapeutic approach to the management of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. [Review] SO - Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 25(5):541-51, 2012 Oct. AS - J Pharm Pract. 25(5):541-51, 2012 Oct. NJ - Journal of pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8900945 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Anti-Anxiety Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Anti-Anxiety Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Anticonvulsants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Anticonvulsants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Antidepressive Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Antipsychotic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Antipsychotic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Cognitive Therapy MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Comorbidity MH - Drug Monitoring MH - Drug Therapy, Combination/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Adherence MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Pharmacists MH - Prevalence MH - Professional Role MH - Referral and Consultation MH - Sex Distribution MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis] MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/th [Therapy] AB - Due to relatively recent and ongoing world events (eg, terrorist attacks, wars, and natural disasters), there has been a shift in attention from some of the more common psychiatric illnesses to one of the more elusive, namely, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a severe, and often chronic, condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Although originally a condition seen primarily among war veterans, PTSD is now becoming more prevalent in the general community. PTSD often presents concurrently with other conditions, such as depression, bipolar, anxiety/panic disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse. Because of this, PTSD often goes unrecognized and is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Thus, an opportunity for pharmacist intervention exists, both in the institution and in the community. With proper education and training, pharmacists can be efficient in screening for signs and symptoms of PTSD, triaging appropriate patients, and can play an integral role in managing the diverse array of drug therapy options for PTSD. RN - 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents) RN - 0 (Anticonvulsants) RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) RN - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents) ES - 1531-1937 IL - 0897-1900 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20120427 DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20120926 YR - 2012 ED - 20130227 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22544623 <177. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23023847 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Stratton TP AU - Cernohous T AU - Hager K AU - Bumgardner M AU - Traynor A AU - Worley MM AU - Isetts BJ AU - Larson T AU - Seifert R FA - Stratton, Timothy P FA - Cernohous, Tim FA - Hager, Keri FA - Bumgardner, Melissa FA - Traynor, Andrew FA - Worley, Marcia M FA - Isetts, Brian J FA - Larson, Tom FA - Seifert, Randall IN - Stratton,Timothy P. College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota-Duluth, 1110 Kirby Dr., Duluth, MN 55812, USA. stratto@d.umn.edu TI - College of pharmacy-based medication therapy management program for a university system. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 52(5):653-60, 2012 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 52(5):653-60, 2012 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Child MH - Female MH - *Health Benefit Plans, Employee/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medication Therapy Management/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Middle Aged MH - Needs Assessment MH - *Schools, Pharmacy/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Universities/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: To document and evaluate the design and operation of a medication therapy management (MTM) benefit and associated MTM clinic developed by the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy as a covered health plan benefit for University of Minnesota, Duluth (UMD) employees, early retirees, and their dependents. AB - SETTING: Office-based, nondispensing pharmacy at UMD. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: College of Pharmacy, Duluth faculty developed and provided MTM services as a covered health benefit for UMD beneficiaries. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: Partnership between a university campus and a college of pharmacy to design and implement an MTM benefit as part of the university health plan covering current employees, early retirees, and dependents. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MTM benefit design, MTM clinic implementation, patient complexity comparisons, and drug therapy problems identified and addressed. AB - RESULTS: Of 1,000 eligible beneficiaries, 68 (~7%) took advantage of the MTM benefit, consistent with national participation rates but lower than the 25% goal for participation. Beneficiaries receiving MTM services were three times more complex in terms of health resource use than the "typical" UMD beneficiary and were experiencing 7.22 drug therapy problems per patient. AB - CONCLUSION: The UMD MTM clinic was successful in providing UMD beneficiaries access to MTM services. The MTM benefit was subsequently offered throughout the entire University of Minnesota system (Crookston, Duluth, Minneapolis-St. Paul, and Morris). ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Sep-Oct DC - 20121001 YR - 2012 ED - 20130226 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23023847 <178. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23023840 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Touchette DR AU - Masica AL AU - Dolor RJ AU - Schumock GT AU - Choi YK AU - Kim Y AU - Smith SR FA - Touchette, Daniel R FA - Masica, Andrew L FA - Dolor, Rowena J FA - Schumock, Glen T FA - Choi, Young Ku FA - Kim, Yoonsang FA - Smith, Scott R IN - Touchette,Daniel R. College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. drtouche@uic.edu TI - Safety-focused medication therapy management: a randomized controlled trial. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 52(5):603-12, 2012 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 52(5):603-12, 2012 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Academic Medical Centers/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Academic Medical Centers/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Chronic Disease/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Health Services/ut [Utilization] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medication Therapy Management/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Medication Therapy Management/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a medication therapy management (MTM) intervention on adverse drug events (ADEs), health care visits, and drug-related problems (DRPs). AB - DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, clinical trial. AB - SETTING: Academic medical center community pharmacies and family medicine clinics at three U.S. sites between December 2007 and January 2010 AB - PATIENTS: Individuals aged 65 years or older with three or more chronic illnesses, six or more prescription medications, and at risk for a DRP. AB - INTERVENTION: At 0 and 3 months, pharmacists conducted comprehensive medication reviews and screened for and resolved DRPs through patient education and recommendations to physicians. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of ADEs reported by patients and confirmed by clinical algorithm, health care visits at 3 and 6 months, and number of DRPs, pharmacist recommendations, and medication discrepancies. AB - RESULTS: 637 participants enrolled. No differences were observed in potential ADEs or health care visits among the usual care and MTM groups. DRPs declined in both MTM intervention groups over time. Physicians responded to 54.6% of pharmacist recommendations. Enhanced MTM patients had fewer medication list discrepancies than basic MTM patients (33.8% vs. 47.1%, P < 0.001). AB - CONCLUSION: This specific design of MTM was associated with reduced DRPs but did not reduce potential ADEs or health care visits. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SI - ClinicalTrials.gov SA - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00773942 SL - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/term=NCT00773942 LG - English DP - 2012 Sep-Oct DC - 20121001 YR - 2012 ED - 20130226 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23023840 <179. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22958028 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dotta A AU - Chukhlantseva N FA - Dotta, Andrea FA - Chukhlantseva, Natalia IN - Dotta,Andrea. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. andrea.dotta@opbg.net TI - Ontogeny and drug metabolism in newborns. [Review] SO - Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 25 Suppl 4:83-4, 2012 Oct. AS - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 25 Suppl 4:83-4, 2012 Oct. NJ - The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101136916 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Child Development/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Child Development/ph [Physiology] MH - Drug Interactions MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Humans MH - *Inactivation, Metabolic/ge [Genetics] MH - *Infant, Newborn/me [Metabolism] MH - Patient Safety MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations/me [Metabolism] MH - Pharmacogenetics AB - In pediatric age and particularly in newborn infants the drug efficacy and safety are influenced by the growth and development on drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME). Thanks to the fast development of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics, the drug therapy promises to be adapted to the genetic profile of the individual, reducing considerably the side effects of drugs and increasing their efficacy. Interindividual variability in drug response is well known in both adults and children. Such a variability is multifactorial considering both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Drug distribution in the neonate is influenced by a variety of age-dependent factors as a total body water content and distribution variations, role of drug transporters, blood/tissue protein binding, blood and tissue pH and perfusion. The development of enzymes involved in human metabolism were classified in 3 categories: 1) those expressed during the whole or part of the fetal period, but silenced or expressed at low levels within 1-2 years after birth; 2) those expressed at relatively constant levels throughout fetal development, but increased to some extent postnatally; and 3) those whose onset of expression can occur in the third trimester, but substantial increase is noted in the first 1-2 years after birth. Besides this intrinsic aspects influencing pharmacokinetics during the neonatal period there are other important events such as inborn or acquired diseases, environment and finally pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Thousands of deaths every years are caused by fatal drug reactions; among the potential causes there are not only the severity of the disease being treated, drug interactions, nutritional status, renal and liver functions, but also the inherited differences in drug metabolism and genetic polymorphism. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among pediatric patients have been shown to be three times more frequent than in adults. On August 2010 The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) addressed patient safety issues in the NICU, recognizing that to understand and prevent adverse events, systematic research and education in safety issues needed. From all these concepts in terms of ADME, pharmacogenetics (relative to a single gene) and pharmacogenomics (relative to many genes) it is becoming more evident the perspective of the new concept of individualized medicine. The goal of this should be to identify which group of patients responds positively, which patients are nonresponders and who experiences adverse reaction for the same drug and dose. The interindividual variability in response to any drug is mostly dependent on DNA sequence variations across the human genome, the haplotype map (HAPMAP). At present there is still a big distance beween the knowledge in genetic and the practical application to model the drug profile to the genetic/genomic profile of the single patient. In the neonatal period the effects of growth in the pharmacodynamic, processes can help optimizing the dosage of neonatal frequently used medicines, thereby, minimizing their toxicity and increasing their efficacy. It should be useful to create accurate dosage adjustments according to the week of development. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) ES - 1476-4954 IL - 1476-4954 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2012.715463 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20120910 YR - 2012 ED - 20130214 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22958028 <180. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22288524 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ross S AU - Maxwell S FA - Ross, Sarah FA - Maxwell, Simon IN - Ross,Sarah. Division of Medical and Dental Education, University of Aberdeen, UK. s.ross@abdn.ac.uk TI - Prescribing and the core curriculum for tomorrow's doctors: BPS curriculum in clinical pharmacology and prescribing for medical students. [Review] SO - British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 74(4):644-61, 2012 Oct. AS - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 74(4):644-61, 2012 Oct. NJ - British journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - au9, 7503323 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3477333 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Clinical Competence/st [Standards] MH - *Curriculum/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Education, Medical, Undergraduate/mt [Methods] MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] AB - Prescribing is one of the commonest tasks expected of new doctors and is a complex process involving a mixture of knowledge, judgement and skills. Preparing graduates to be prescribers is one of the greatest challenges of modern undergraduate medical education and there is some evidence to suggest that training could be improved. The aims of this article are (i) to review some of the challenges of delivering effective prescribing education, (ii) to provide a clear statement of the learning outcomes in clinical pharmacology and prescribing that should be expected of all medical graduates and (iii) to describe a curriculum that might enable students to achieve these outcomes. We build on the previous curriculum recommendations of the British Pharmacological Society and take into account those of other key bodies, notably the General Medical Council. We have also reviewed relevant evidence from the literature and set our work in the context of recent trends in medical education. We divide our recommended learning objectives into four sections: principles of clinical pharmacology, essential drugs, essential therapeutic problems and prescribing skills. Although these will not necessarily be accepted universally we believe that they will help those who design and map undergraduate curricula to explore potential gaps and identify improvements.Copyright © 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society. ES - 1365-2125 IL - 0306-5251 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04186.x PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20120906 YR - 2012 ED - 20130204 RD - 20150128 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22288524 <181. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22772930 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ashor AW FA - Ashor, Ammar W IN - Ashor,Ammar W. Department of Pharmacology, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq. ammar_w_78@yahoo.com TI - Variable influence of the degree of smoking dependence on adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iraqi medical students. SO - Neurosciences. 17(3):241-7, 2012 Jul. AS - Neurosciences. 17(3):241-7, 2012 Jul. NJ - Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101252453 SB - Index Medicus CP - Saudi Arabia MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Iraq/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Male MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Statistics, Nonparametric MH - *Students, Medical MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the differences in the patterns of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among non, light, and heavy smokers. AB - METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 400 medical students (representing first to sixth year students) was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, University of Al-Mustansiriya, Baghdad, Iraq from March to June 2011. The medical students completed a questionnaire containing the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-screener) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). An ADHD score >14 was considered positive. An FTND score >6 signifies heavy smokers, and an FTND score <5 signifies light smokers. AB - RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty-one medical students completed the questionnaire, 16.6% reported ADHD symptoms (19.8% male, 12.1% females). Forty-five percent of ADHD adults were smokers; more than half of them were categorized as heavy smokers (51.8%). In comparison with non-smokers, heavy smokers displayed significant deterioration in their inattentive and total ASRS score (p=0.0001). Light smokers show significantly higher hyperactive symptoms in comparison with non-smokers (p=0.041). A high FTND score was associated with severer deterioration in inattentive (r=0.391, p=0.001) but not hyperactive symptoms (r=0.153, p=0.117). AB - CONCLUSION: The ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent among Iraqi medical students, and smoking among ADHD students is higher and heavier than non-ADHD controls. Heavy smoking tends to deteriorate rather than ameliorate (self-medicate) ADHD symptoms. IS - 1319-6138 IL - 1319-6138 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Jul DC - 20120709 YR - 2012 ED - 20130129 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22772930 <182. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22915001 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Heppner HJ AU - Christ M AU - Gosch M AU - Muhlberg W AU - Bahrmann P AU - Bertsch T AU - Sieber C AU - Singler K FA - Heppner, H J FA - Christ, M FA - Gosch, M FA - Muhlberg, W FA - Bahrmann, P FA - Bertsch, T FA - Sieber, C FA - Singler, K IN - Heppner,H J. Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Nuremberg, Prof.-E.-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nuremberg, Germany. heppner@klinikum-nuernberg.de TI - Polypharmacy in the elderly from the clinical toxicologist perspective. SO - Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 45(6):473-8, 2012 Aug. AS - Z Gerontol Geriatr. 45(6):473-8, 2012 Aug. NJ - Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cc3, 9506215 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Interactions MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/mo [Mortality] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Female MH - Germany/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - *Poisoning/mo [Mortality] MH - Poisoning/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Polypharmacy MH - Risk Assessment MH - Risk Factors MH - Survival Analysis MH - Survival Rate AB - INTRODUCTION: Polypharmacy is closely associated with multimorbidity in the elderly and can lead to problems and drug interactions. AB - AIM: This study assessed polypharmacy in the elderly, tracking inquiries to the Poison Information Centre Nuremberg (PICN) and patients needing toxicological intensive care therapy. AB - METHODS: From 2006-2009, all PICN inquiries involving individuals >70 years were tracked, as were cases at the Toxicological Intensive Care Unit (T-ICU) regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug poisoning. AB - RESULTS: Of 11,683 PICN calls about pharmaceuticals, 175 (1.5%) were from people >70 years; 156 (4.8%) of 3,272 T-ICU patients were >70 years. Calls about psychopharmaceuticals (46.9%) and analgesics (25.7%) were most frequent. Among the T-ICU patients, psychopharmaceuticals like sedatives and hypnotics were frequently involved (20.5%), as were tricyclic antidepressants (17.9%) and analgesics (29.5%). Ethanol was co-ingested by 18.3%. AB - CONCLUSION: Population-specific poison prevention strategies are needed to reduce toxic exposures. Such strategies could include pharmacist intervention, improved prescriber communication and education regarding the geriatric population, and computerized drug databases. ES - 1435-1269 IL - 0948-6704 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Aug DC - 20120823 YR - 2012 ED - 20130124 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22915001 <183. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21890596 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bolea B AU - Adamou M AU - Arif M AU - Asherson P AU - Gudjonsson G AU - Muller U AU - Nutt DJ AU - Pitts M AU - Thome J AU - Young S FA - Bolea, B FA - Adamou, M FA - Arif, M FA - Asherson, P FA - Gudjonsson, G FA - Muller, U FA - Nutt, D J FA - Pitts, M FA - Thome, J FA - Young, S IN - Bolea,B. Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. blanca.bolea@bristol.ac.uk TI - ADHD matures: time for practitioners to do the same?. SO - Journal of Psychopharmacology. 26(6):766-70, 2012 Jun. AS - J Psychopharmacol. 26(6):766-70, 2012 Jun. NJ - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cph, 8907828 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/di [Diagnosis] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ec [Economics] MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/th [Therapy] MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Health Services Needs and Demand MH - Humans AB - Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not restricted to children. Abundant evidence from follow-up studies accumulated since the 1970s supports the concept of ADHD in adulthood. Genetic research points to a heritability of 76%, and neuroimaging studies have reported structural and functional brain abnormalities in patients with ADHD. Contrary to popular belief, ADHD is not a culturally bound disorder and has been described worldwide. ADHD has a cost for society, as adults with this disorder suffer from increased rates of unemployment and psychiatric comorbidity, including substance use disorders. Studies undertaken in forensic populations describe high rates of ADHD in these groups, particularly amongst young offenders. One of the main issues in the diagnosis of ADHD in the adult is the fact that most clinicians have not been educated to diagnose and treat ADHD. Effective pharmacological treatments for ADHD are available and should be prescribed for these patients. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) guidelines established a benchmark for service development required to treat ADHD adequately in the adult population. However, the implementation of new services has been slow. More resources are needed to effectively assess and treat ADHD in the adult. ES - 1461-7285 IL - 0269-8811 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881111410898 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110902 DP - 2012 Jun DC - 20120611 YR - 2012 ED - 20130115 RD - 20150708 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21890596 <184. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22857140 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cates ME AU - Hogue MD FA - Cates, Marshall E FA - Hogue, Michael D IN - Cates,Marshall E. Department of Pharmacy Practice, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama 35229, USA. mecates@samford.edu TI - Experience with a drug screening program at a school of pharmacy. SO - Journal of American College Health. 60(6):476-80, 2012. AS - J Am Coll Health. 60(6):476-80, 2012. NJ - Journal of American college health : J of ACH PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - h5e, 8214119, 7503059 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Data Collection MH - Humans MH - Professional Impairment MH - *Program Development/mt [Methods] MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Schools, Pharmacy MH - *Street Drugs MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance Abuse Detection MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] AB - Substance use and abuse among pharmacy students is a concern of pharmacy schools, boards of pharmacy, and training sites alike. Pharmacy students must complete approximately 30% of their academic coursework in experiential settings such as community pharmacies, hospitals, and other health systems as part of any accredited pharmacy school's curriculum, and these training sites are starting to require drug testing of pharmacy students as part of their contractual agreements with schools of pharmacy. The authors describe the implementation of a mandatory random urine drug screening program at their school as well as the changes that occurred owing to assessment of the program. The authors report the basic results to date of the drug screening program. The authors also speculate on secondary benefits of the drug screening program. Finally, the authors describe current and future evaluations that they are undertaking regarding this program. RN - 0 (Street Drugs) ES - 1940-3208 IL - 0744-8481 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2012.688780 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 DC - 20120803 YR - 2012 ED - 20121218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22857140 <185. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21358750 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Levran O AU - Peles E AU - Hamon S AU - Randesi M AU - Zhao C AU - Zhang B AU - Adelson M AU - Kreek MJ FA - Levran, O FA - Peles, E FA - Hamon, S FA - Randesi, M FA - Zhao, C FA - Zhang, B FA - Adelson, M FA - Kreek, M J IN - Levran,O. Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. levrano@rockefeller.edu TI - Nerve growth factor beta polypeptide (NGFB) genetic variability: association with the methadone dose required for effective maintenance treatment. SO - Pharmacogenomics Journal. 12(4):319-27, 2012 Aug. AS - Pharmacogenomics J. 12(4):319-27, 2012 Aug. NJ - The pharmacogenomics journal PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101083949 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS266944 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3130093 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Female MH - *Heroin Dependence/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methadone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Nerve Growth Factor/ge [Genetics] MH - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide AB - Opioid addiction is a chronic disease with high genetic contribution and a large inter-individual variability in therapeutic response. The goal of this study was to identify pharmacodynamic factors that modulate methadone dose requirement. The neurotrophin family is involved in neural plasticity, learning, memory and behavior and deregulated neural plasticity may underlie the pathophysiology of drug addiction. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was shown to affect the response to methadone maintenance treatment. This study explores the effects of polymorphisms in the nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) gene, NGFB, on the methadone doses required for successful maintenance treatment for heroin addiction. Genotypes of 14 NGFB polymorphisms were analyzed for association with the stabilizing methadone dose in 72 former severe heroin addicts with no major co-medications. There was significant difference in methadone doses required by subjects with different genotypes of the NGFB intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2239622 (P=0.0002). These results may have clinical importance. RN - 0 (NGF protein, human) RN - 9061-61-4 (Nerve Growth Factor) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) ES - 1473-1150 IL - 1470-269X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tpj.2011.6 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - P60 DA005130 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P60 DA005130-25 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P60-05130 (United States PHS HHS) LG - English EP - 20110301 DP - 2012 Aug DC - 20120724 YR - 2012 ED - 20121211 RD - 20150204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21358750 <186. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22825232 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Aguiar PM AU - Balisa-Rocha BJ AU - Brito GC AU - Lyra DP Jr FA - Aguiar, Patricia M FA - Balisa-Rocha, Blicie J FA - Brito, Giselle C FA - Lyra, Divaldo P Jr IN - Aguiar,Patricia M. College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. TI - Pharmaceutical care program for elderly patients with uncontrolled hypertension. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 52(4):515-8, 1 p following 518, 2012 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 52(4):515-8, 1 p following 518, 2012 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - *Blood Pressure/de [Drug Effects] MH - Female MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Hypertension/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Male MH - *Medication Adherence MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmaceutical Services MH - *Pharmacies MH - Pilot Projects AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a pilot pharmaceutical care program developed for elderly patients with uncontrolled hypertension. AB - METHODS: Nonrandomized single intervention pre/posttest blood pressure study in a community pharmacy in Aracaju, Brazil. This study enrolled elderly patients diagnosed with essential hypertension and uncontrolled blood pressure. Monthly visits were scheduled during a 10-month period. Pharmaceutical interventions were focused on health education and monitoring of drug-related problems. Primary outcomes included target blood pressure control, reduction in blood pressure, pulse pressure, medication adherence, and reduction of anthropometric indices. AB - RESULTS: 35 of 51 patients completed the study. After 10 months of intervention, 57.2% of elderly patients achieved blood pressure control (P = 0.000) and the mean reduction was 26.6 mm Hg (P < 0.0001) for systolic blood pressure, 10.4 mm Hg (P < 0.0001) for diastolic blood pressure, and 15.7 mm Hg (P < 0.0001) for pulse pressure. Medication adherence also improved (P = 0.0000); however, anthropometric indices remained unchanged. AB - CONCLUSION: The pharmaceutical care program improved outcomes by reducing and controlling blood pressure and improving medication adherence among elderly patients with uncontrolled hypertension. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.11015 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2012 Jul-Aug DC - 20120724 YR - 2012 ED - 20121207 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22825232 <187. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22825228 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Merlo LJ AU - Cummings SM AU - Cottler LB FA - Merlo, Lisa J FA - Cummings, Simone M FA - Cottler, Linda B IN - Merlo,Lisa J. School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. lmerlo@ufl.edu TI - Recovering substance-impaired pharmacists' views regarding occupational risks for addiction. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 52(4):480-91, 2012 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 52(4):480-91, 2012 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS504914 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3756819 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Behavior, Addictive/et [Etiology] MH - Behavior, Addictive/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Behavior, Addictive/px [Psychology] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Occupational Diseases/et [Etiology] MH - Occupational Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Occupational Diseases/px [Psychology] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Risk Factors MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - Substance-Related Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - OBJECTIVE: To better understand the occupational risks for substance use disorders among pharmacists and possibilities for improved prevention. AB - DESIGN: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. AB - SETTING: A southeastern state from December 2008 to April 2009. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 32 participants (72.7% men) from the impaired professionals monitoring groups in the geographic regions within the state that had the greatest number of physicians, pharmacists, and allied health professionals currently under monitoring contracts for substance use disorders. AB - INTERVENTION: Guided group discussions regarding substance use among health care providers. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Persistent occupational risks for development of a substance use disorder among pharmacists. AB - RESULTS: Several occupational hazards unique to the pharmacy profession might contribute to the problem of substance use disorders among some members of this population, including increased access to potent drugs of abuse, a stressful/unpleasant working environment, a culture that unofficially condones medication diversion, lack of education related to addiction, and lack of support for individuals seeking treatment. AB - CONCLUSION: These results have important implications for the education of student pharmacists, the continuing education of licensed pharmacists, and the management of pharmacies in which these individuals work. Given the potential occupational risks for substance abuse associated with the pharmacy profession, additional training, monitoring, changes to the work environment, and increased confidential access to treatment may be needed to safeguard pharmacy professionals and the communities they serve. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10214 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R01 DA020791 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01-DA20791 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - T32 DA007313 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - T32-DA07313-10 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2012 Jul-Aug DC - 20120724 YR - 2012 ED - 20121207 RD - 20150224 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22825228 <188. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23045763 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - The Joint Commission and the FDA take steps to curb adverse events related to the use and misuse of opioid drugs. SO - ED Management. 24(10):112-6, 2012 Oct. AS - ED Manag. 24(10):112-6, 2012 Oct. NJ - ED management : the monthly update on emergency department management PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - chx, 9425690 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Interactions MH - Emergency Service, Hospital MH - Humans MH - *Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *United States Food and Drug Administration AB - Alarmed by adverse events involving opioid drugs, the Joint Commission has issued a Sentinel Alert urging hospitals to take steps to improve safety in the prescribing of these powerful drugs. In addition, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has launched an initiative that will soon require the manufacturers of long-acting and extended-release opioids to offer education and training to physicians and others who prescribe these pharmaceuticals. The Joint Commission reports that of the opioid-related adverse events reported to the agency between 2004 and 2011, 47% involved wrong-dosage medication errors, 29% pertained to improper patient monitoring, and 11% were attributed to other factors such as excessive dosing, drug-drug interactions, and adverse reactions. The FDA reports that nearly 16,000 Americans died from overdoses involving opioids in 2009, and in 2011, there were nearly 23 million prescriptions written for extended-release and long-acting opioids. Some new guidelines on opioid prescribing in the ED urge providers to avoid prescribing extended-release or long-acting opioids altogether, and to consider measures that will limit opportunities for drug diversion. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) IS - 1044-9167 IL - 1044-9167 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20121010 YR - 2012 ED - 20121204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23045763 <189. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22818263 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Charpiat B AU - Henry A AU - Leboucher G AU - Tod M AU - Allenet B FA - Charpiat, B FA - Henry, A FA - Leboucher, G FA - Tod, M FA - Allenet, B IN - Charpiat,B. Joseph-Fourier University-Grenoble 1, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, Themas, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche cedex, France. bruno.charpiat@chu-lyon.fr TI - Overdosed prescription of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in a teaching hospital. SO - Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. 70(4):213-8, 2012 Jul. AS - Ann Pharm Fr. 70(4):213-8, 2012 Jul. NJ - Annales pharmaceutiques francaises PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 2985176r, 5uy SB - Index Medicus CP - France MH - Acetaminophen/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Acetaminophen/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Databases, Factual MH - Drug Overdose MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Drug Utilization MH - Female MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Errors MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital AB - INTRODUCTION: Paracetamol is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic. Reviews of hospital use of paracetamol are scarce. Little is known about the appropriateness of the dose of paracetamol prescribed for hospitalized adults. The aim of this study was to report on the nature and the frequency of the overdosed prescription of paracetamol observed in adult patients over a 4.5-year period in a teaching hospital. AB - METHODS: Prescription analysis by pharmacists was performed once a week in six medical and three surgical departments and daily in a post-emergency unit. In cases of prescription error, the pharmacist notified the physician through an electronic alert when a computerized prescription order entry system was available or otherwise by face-to-face discussion. For each drug-related problem detected, the pharmacists recorded relevant details in a database. AB - RESULTS: From October 2006 to April 2011, 44,404 prescriptions were reviewed and 480 alerts related to the overdosed prescription of paracetamol were made (1% of analyzed prescriptions). The extent of errors of dosage was within the intervals [90-120 mg/kg/d] and greater than 120 mg/kg/d for 87 and 11 patients respectively, who were prescribed a single non-combination paracetamol containing product. Sixty alerts concerned co-prescription of at least two paracetamol containing products with similar frequency for computerized (1.4/1000) or handwritten (1.2/1000) prescriptions. AB - DISCUSSION: Prescriptions of paracetamol for hospitalized adults frequently exceed the recommended dosage. AB - CONCLUSION: These results highlight the need for increased awareness of unintentional paracetamol overdose and support the initiation of an educational program aimed at physicians and nurses.Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Non-Narcotic) RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) IS - 0003-4509 IL - 0003-4509 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2012.05.002 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20120619 DP - 2012 Jul DC - 20120723 YR - 2012 ED - 20121129 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22818263 <190. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22775520 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Williams M AU - Peterson GM AU - Tenni PC AU - Bindoff IK FA - Williams, Mackenzie FA - Peterson, Gregory M FA - Tenni, Peter C FA - Bindoff, Ivan K IN - Williams,Mackenzie. School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mackenzie.Williams@utas.edu.au TI - A clinical knowledge measurement tool to assess the ability of community pharmacists to detect drug-related problems. SO - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 20(4):238-48, 2012 Aug. AS - Int J Pharm Pract. 20(4):238-48, 2012 Aug. NJ - The International journal of pharmacy practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9204243 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Australia MH - *Clinical Competence MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - Data Collection MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - Students, Pharmacy AB - INTRODUCTION: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with most DRPs thought to be preventable. Community pharmacists can detect and either prevent or resolve many of these DRPs. A survey-based clinical knowledge measurement tool was designed and validated to estimate a community pharmacist's clinical knowledge and ability to detect and appropriately resolve DRPs. AB - METHODS: Nine clinical cases with seven multiple-choice statements (63 statements in total) were constructed, based on scenarios that were found to occur frequently in Australian community pharmacies. The statements aimed to assess a pharmacist's ability to identify, gather relevant information about and make appropriate recommendations to resolve, a DRP. The survey was pilot tested with 18 academics at three Australian pharmacy schools, resulting in the removal of 23 statements. The survey was then administered to undergraduate pharmacy students (28 fourth-year, 41 third-year and 42 first-year students) and to 433 Australian community pharmacists who were participating in an intervention documentation trial. The pharmacists' resultant survey scores were correlated against their actual rate of documenting clinical interventions. AB - RESULTS: The tool had relatively good internal consistency. Significant differences were seen between the three groups of students (P < 0.01). Community pharmacists with additional clinical qualifications had a significantly higher score than other participating pharmacists (P < 0.01). A moderate, but significant, correlation was seen between the pharmacists' survey score and their clinical intervention rate in practice during the trial (P < 0.01). AB - CONCLUSION: The clinical knowledge measurement tool appeared to estimate a pharmacist's ability to detect and resolve DRPs within the community pharmacy environment.Copyright © 2012 The Authors. IJPP © 2012 Royal Pharmaceutical Society. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) ES - 2042-7174 IL - 0961-7671 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00188.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Studies LG - English EP - 20120202 DP - 2012 Aug DC - 20120710 YR - 2012 ED - 20121129 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22775520 <191. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22476161 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lawrence RE AU - Rasinski KA AU - Yoon JD AU - Koenig HG AU - Meador KG AU - Curlin FA FA - Lawrence, Ryan E FA - Rasinski, Kenneth A FA - Yoon, John D FA - Koenig, Harold G FA - Meador, Keith G FA - Curlin, Farr A IN - Lawrence,Ryan E. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr., Box 103, New York, NY 10032, USA. rlawrence@uchicago.edu TI - Physicians' beliefs about faith-based treatments for alcoholism. SO - Psychiatric Services. 63(6):597-604, 2012 Jun. AS - Psychiatr Serv. 63(6):597-604, 2012 Jun. NJ - Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9502838, b8t SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Alcoholics Anonymous MH - *Alcoholism/th [Therapy] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Drug Therapy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Physicians/px [Psychology] MH - Physicians, Primary Care/px [Psychology] MH - Psychiatry MH - *Religion and Medicine MH - Residential Treatment MH - Spirituality MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: The study examined physicians' beliefs about faith-based alcohol treatments vis-a-vis Alcoholics Anonymous, pharmacologic treatment, and residential treatment. AB - METHODS: A survey was mailed to a national sample of U.S. primary care physicians and psychiatrists. It included a brief vignette of a nominally religious 47-year-old man hospitalized for acute alcohol poisoning who requested addiction treatment. Physicians rated the likely effectiveness of three treatment methods: Alcoholics Anonymous, pharmacological therapy by an addiction specialist, and a residential program. Physicians were asked whether they would refer the patient to a faith-based program (beyond Alcoholics Anonymous) and whether an emphasis on spirituality is critical to 12-step program success. AB - RESULTS: The response rate was 896 of 1,427 (63%) for primary care physicians and 312 of 487 (64%) for psychiatrists. Psychiatrists were more likely to rate Alcoholics Anonymous as very effective (64% versus 57% of primary care physicians), more likely to rate residential treatment as very effective (47% versus 38% of primary care physicians), and more likely to rate pharmacologic therapy as very effective (31% versus 22% of primary care physicians). Psychiatrists and primary care physicians were equally likely to consider referring the patient to a faith-based program (71% and 79%) and equally likely to believe that "an emphasis on spirituality is critical to the success of 12-step programs" (81% and 85%). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatrists were more optimistic than primary care physicians about all three treatments. Physicians in both specialties would refer even nominally religious patients to explicitly faith-based programs (beyond Alcoholics Anonymous). Physicians' enthusiasm for faith-based treatments highlights the need for scientific study of these treatments to determine which elements are most helpful for patients seeking recovery. ES - 1557-9700 IL - 1075-2730 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100315 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 1 K23 AT002749 (United States NCCIH NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2012 Jun DC - 20120904 YR - 2012 ED - 20121121 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22476161 <192. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23045330 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Martinez ML AU - Vande Griend JP AU - Linnebur SA FA - Martinez, Melanie L FA - Vande Griend, Joseph P FA - Linnebur, Sunny A IN - Martinez,Melanie L. University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA. TI - Medication management: a case of brown bag-identified medication hoarding. SO - Consultant Pharmacist. 27(10):729-36, 2012 Oct. AS - Consult Pharm. 27(10):729-36, 2012 Oct. NJ - The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9013983 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Medication Adherence MH - Medication Reconciliation MH - *Medication Therapy Management MH - Obsessive Hoarding MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Polypharmacy AB - A 91-year-old woman living independently in the community presented along with her son for a medication therapy management (MTM) appointment with the clinical pharmacist at the University of Colorado Hospital Seniors Clinic. The purpose of the visit was to review the patient's medications, perform medication reconciliation, and identify ways to increase proper medication management. As requested for the MTM appointment, the patient and her son brought in several large bags of her over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications from her home, including those that she was not currently taking. The clinical pharmacist reviewed the medications and found multiple instances of duplicate therapies, nonadherence, discrepancies in her medication regimen, cost concerns, and other drug-therapy problems. In addition, the pharmacist's evaluation showed that the patient had been hoarding more than 100 medications, which increased her risk for drug-related problems. Most of the OTC and some prescription medications were voluntarily removed from the patient's possession to reduce the likelihood of potential overuse of medications.The pharmacist educated the patient and her son regarding her updated medication list and how to properly manage her medications. Finally, the patient's son volunteered to help his mother with medication management or hire someone to assist her. This case demonstrates the usefulness of requesting all medications-including OTC and prescription, active and inactive medications-be brought to the MTM appointment.The case also supports the need for family support for older adults struggling with managing polypharmacy. IS - 0888-5109 IL - 0888-5109 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2012.729 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20121009 YR - 2012 ED - 20121113 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23045330 <193. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22101677 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Belaiche S AU - Romanet T AU - Bell R AU - Calop J AU - Allenet B AU - Zaoui P FA - Belaiche, Stephanie FA - Romanet, Thierry FA - Bell, Robert FA - Calop, Jean FA - Allenet, Benoit FA - Zaoui, Philippe IN - Belaiche,Stephanie. Nephrology Clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France. TI - Pharmaceutical care in chronic kidney disease: experience at Grenoble University Hospital from 2006 to 2010. SO - Journal of Nephrology. 25(4):558-65, 2012 Jul-Aug. AS - J Nephrol. 25(4):558-65, 2012 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of nephrology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cwe, 9012268 SB - Index Medicus CP - Italy MH - Aged MH - Chronic Disease MH - Cooperative Behavior MH - Drug Interactions MH - Drug Monitoring MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - France MH - Guideline Adherence/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Hospitals, University/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Kidney Diseases/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Kidney Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Male MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Patient Care Team/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Professional Role MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome AB - BACKGROUND: Clinical pharmacists (CPs) specifically manage lab-test follow-up, adapt drug dosage according to guidelines and evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and decline in renal function. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of clinical pharmacy services in outpatient nephrology clinics. AB - METHOD: For each patient, medical history and current treatment were obtained. Each intervention was classified according to the Act-IP document of the French Society of Clinical Pharmacy. This tool contains identifications and guidelines for prevention and resolution of drug-related problems (DRPs). AB - RESULTS: From January 2008 until April 2009, 42 patients seen by the CP on at least 2 visits were included in the study. We observed 350 pharmaceutical consultations and 263 interventions. The pharmaceutical interventions concerned: untreated indication (30%), underdosage (25.9%) and overdosage (18.3%). The CP interventions consisted of: adapting doses (42.2%) and adding treatments (31.9%). The main drugs involved concerned the cardiovascular (33.1%), digestive-metabolic (28.6%) and hematopoietic (21.6%) systems. AB - CONCLUSION: The inclusion of a CP in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is necessary for identification and prevention of DRPs. Besides the medical improvement of CKD patients, the CP participates in the development of prescription recommendations and therapeutic education programs for patients. Moreover, redefining roles and practices of members of a clinical team proved its efficiency in optimizing the medical care of CKD patients. Furthermore, patient entry into dialysis is postponed, which leads to a reduction in costs for health care insurance. ES - 1724-6059 IL - 1121-8428 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jn.5000033 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Jul-Aug DC - 20120711 YR - 2012 ED - 20121113 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22101677 <194. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21689216 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bedouch P AU - Tessier A AU - Baudrant M AU - Labarere J AU - Foroni L AU - Calop J AU - Bosson JL AU - Allenet B FA - Bedouch, Pierrick FA - Tessier, Alexandre FA - Baudrant, Magalie FA - Labarere, Jose FA - Foroni, Luc FA - Calop, Jean FA - Bosson, Jean-Luc FA - Allenet, Benoit IN - Bedouch,Pierrick. Pharmacy Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France. pbedouch@chu-grenoble.fr TI - Computerized physician order entry system combined with on-ward pharmacist: analysis of pharmacists' interventions. SO - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 18(4):911-8, 2012 Aug. AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 18(4):911-8, 2012 Aug. NJ - Journal of evaluation in clinical practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Cohort Studies MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Female MH - France MH - Hospitals, University MH - Humans MH - *Interdisciplinary Communication MH - Male MH - *Medical Order Entry Systems MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Safety MH - *Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - *Professional Role MH - Prospective Studies MH - Young Adult AB - RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To analyse pharmacists' interventions in a setting where a computerized physician order entry system (CPOE) is in use and a pharmacist works on the ward. AB - METHOD: A prospective cohort study was conducted in seven wards of a French teaching hospital using CPOE along with the presence of a full-time on-ward pharmacy resident. We documented the characteristics of pharmacists' interventions communicated to physicians during the medication order validation process whenever a drug-related problem was identified. Independent predictors of the physician's acceptance of the pharmacist's intervention were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. AB - RESULTS: The 448 pharmacists' interventions concerned: non-conformity to guidelines or contraindications (22%), too high doses (19%), drug interactions (15%) and improper administration (15%). The interventions consisted of changes in drug choice (41%), dose adjustment (23%), drug monitoring (19%) and optimization of administration (17%). Interventions were communicated via the CPOE in 57% of cases and 43% orally. The rate of physicians' acceptance was 79.2%. In multivariate analysis, acceptance was significantly associated with the physician's status [higher for residents vs. seniors: OR = 7.23, CI 95 (2.37-22.10), P < 0.01], method of communication [higher for oral vs. computer communication: OR = 12.5, CI 95 (4.16-37.57), P < 0.01] and type of recommendation [higher for drug monitoring vs. drug choice recommendations: OR = 10.32, CI 95 (3.20-33.29), P < 0.01]. AB - CONCLUSIONS: When a clinical pharmacist is present on a ward in which a CPOE is in use, the pharmacists' interventions are well accepted by physicians. Specific predictors of the acceptance by physicians emerge, but further research as to the impact of CPOE on pharmacist-physician communication is needed.Copyright © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ES - 1365-2753 IL - 1356-1294 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01704.x PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110620 DP - 2012 Aug DC - 20120703 YR - 2012 ED - 20121108 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21689216 <195. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22507891 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baltieri DA AU - Correa Filho JM FA - Baltieri, Danilo Antonio FA - Correa Filho, Joao Maria IN - Baltieri,Danilo Antonio. Department of Psychiatry of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. dbaltieri@uol.com.br TI - Role of two clusters of male alcoholics in treatment retention. SO - European Addiction Research. 18(4):201-11, 2012. AS - Eur Addict Res. 18(4):201-11, 2012. NJ - European addiction research PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c60, 9502920 SB - Index Medicus CP - Switzerland MH - Adult MH - Alcoholics Anonymous MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - *Alcoholism/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Cluster Analysis MH - *Drug Users/cl [Classification] MH - Drug Users/px [Psychology] MH - Drug Users/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - *Outpatients/cl [Classification] MH - Outpatients/px [Psychology] MH - Outpatients/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/px [Psychology] MH - Severity of Illness Index AB - AIMS: This study aimed to classify alcohol-dependent outpatients on the basis of clinical factors and to verify if the resulting types show different treatment retention. AB - METHODS: The sample comprised 332 alcoholics that were enrolled in three different pharmacological trials carried out at Sao Paulo University, Brazil. Based on four clinical factors - problem drinking onset age, familial alcoholism, alcohol dependence severity, and depression - K-means cluster analysis was performed by using the average silhouette width to determine the number of clusters. A direct logistic regression was performed to analyze the influence of clusters, medication groups, and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance in treatment retention. AB - RESULTS: Two clusters were delineated. The cluster characterized by earlier onset age, more familial alcoholism, higher alcoholism severity, and less depression symptoms showed a higher chance of discontinuing the treatment, independently of medications used and AA attendance. Participation in AA was significantly related to treatment retention. AB - DISCUSSION: Health services should broaden the scope of services offered to meet heterogeneous needs of clients, and identify treatment practices and therapists which improve retention. Information about patients' characteristics linked to dropout should be used to make treatment programs more responsive and attractive, combining pharmacological agents with more intensive and diversified psychosocial interventions.Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel. ES - 1421-9891 IL - 1022-6877 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000336530 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120411 DP - 2012 DC - 20120619 YR - 2012 ED - 20121107 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22507891 <196. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22676261 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Clark DB FA - Clark, Duncan B IN - Clark,Duncan B. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA. clarkdb@upmc.edu TI - Pharmacotherapy for adolescent alcohol use disorder. SO - CNS Drugs. 26(7):559-69, 2012 Jul 1. AS - CNS Drugs. 26(7):559-69, 2012 Jul 1. NJ - CNS drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d3s, 9431220 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Adolescent MH - *Alcohol-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Benzodiazepines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Comorbidity MH - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders MH - Disulfiram/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Taurine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Taurine/tu [Therapeutic Use] AB - Alcohol use disorder (AUD) occurs in few young adolescents, but is as common as in adults by the late teens. To address problems with the current American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV criteria, the anticipated DSM-V will eliminate the distinction between substance abuse and dependence in favour of a single category. For adolescents, pharmacotherapy for AUD may target alcohol withdrawal symptoms, alcohol consumption reinforcement properties, craving or co-morbid mental disorders. While uncommon among adolescents, severe alcohol withdrawal may require the closely monitored application of benzodiazepines. Disulfiram alters alcohol metabolism and has been shown to increase abstinence in adolescents with AUD, but sufficient motivation to maintain abstinence is needed for this approach to be appropriate. Medications to reduce alcohol craving, including naltrexone and acamprosate, may also assist some adolescents in maintaining abstinence. Adolescents with AUD typically also have co-morbid mental disorders and problems with other substances. Co-morbid mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, may be addressed by pharmacotherapy. The potential for interactions between prescribed medications and alcohol or illicit substances necessitates patient education and monitoring. While there is a paucity of empirical information on the applicability of these pharmacotherapy approaches in adolescents, cautious application of these medications in selected cases in the context of systematic psychosocial interventions is warranted to promote abstinence and address associated problems. RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines) RN - 1EQV5MLY3D (Taurine) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - N4K14YGM3J (acamprosate) RN - TR3MLJ1UAI (Disulfiram) IS - 1172-7047 IL - 1172-7047 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11634330-000000000-00000 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - P50DA05605 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01AA016482 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2012 Jul 1 DC - 20120620 YR - 2012 ED - 20121017 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22676261 <197. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22655585 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Al-Hajje AH AU - Atoui F AU - Awada S AU - Rachidi S AU - Zein S AU - Salameh P FA - Al-Hajje, A H FA - Atoui, F FA - Awada, S FA - Rachidi, S FA - Zein, S FA - Salameh, P IN - Al-Hajje,A H. Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon. hajj.amal@hotmail.com TI - Drug-related problems identified by clinical pharmacist's students and pharmacist's interventions. SO - Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. 70(3):169-76, 2012 May. AS - Ann Pharm Fr. 70(3):169-76, 2012 May. NJ - Annales pharmaceutiques francaises PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 2985176r, 5uy SB - Index Medicus CP - France MH - Aged MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Hospitals MH - Humans MH - Lebanon MH - Male MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Teaching Rounds AB - BACKGROUND: Drug-related problems constitute a major public health problem, because of their consequences on morbidity, mortality and cost. AB - PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 6-month prospective study was conducted, including hospitalized patients in the internal medicine ward of the University Hospital of Beirut, in order to identify drug-related problems by clinical pharmacist's students participating in routine medical rounds, to assess the characteristics of patients presenting these drug-related problems and to analyze pharmacist's interventions. AB - RESULTS: Ninety patients presenting drug-related problems were identified. Thirty-two percent were hydro-electrolytic problems and 24% gastrointestinal. Cardiovascular drugs were the most frequently implicated (44%), followed by anticoagulants (17%) and corticosteroids (14%). The most commonly identified drug-related problems were drug interactions (37%), overdosage (28%), non-conformity to guidelines or contra-indications (23%), underdosage (10%) and improper administration (2%). The clinical pharmacist's interventions consisted of dose adjustment (38%), addition drugs (31%), changes in drugs (29%) and optimization of administration (2%). AB - DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: To decrease the risk of drug-related problems, drug treatment requires physicians to abide by prescribing recommendations, notably in elderly patients, as well as pharmacists' effective intervention at all levels. Routine participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical medical rounds facilitates the identification of drug-related problems and may prevent their occurrence.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. IS - 0003-4509 IL - 0003-4509 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2012.02.004 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20120320 DP - 2012 May DC - 20120604 YR - 2012 ED - 20121010 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22655585 <198. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22865461 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Wortzel HS AU - Arciniegas DB FA - Wortzel, Hal S FA - Arciniegas, David B IN - Wortzel,Hal S. VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1055 Clermont Street, Denver, CO, 80220, USA, hal.wortzel@ucdenver.edu. TI - Treatment of post-traumatic cognitive impairments. SO - Current Treatment Options in Neurology. 14(5):493-508, 2012 Oct. AS - Curr Treat Options Neurol. 14(5):493-508, 2012 Oct. NJ - Current treatment options in neurology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9815940 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS398928 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3437653 CP - United States AB - OPINION STATEMENT: * Cognitive impairment is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a substantial source of disability. Across all levels of TBI severity, attention, processing speed, episodic memory, and executive function are most commonly affected.* The differential diagnosis for post-traumatic cognitive impairments is broad, and includes emotional, behavioral, and physical problems as well as substance use disorders, medical conditions, prescribed and self-administered medications, and symptom elaboration. Thorough neuropsychiatric assessment for such problems is a prerequisite to treatments specifically targeting cognitive impairments.* First-line treatments for post-traumatic cognitive impairments are nonpharmacologic, including education, realistic expectation setting, environmental and lifestyle modifications, and cognitive rehabilitation.* Pharmacotherapies for post-traumatic cognitive impairments include uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonists, medications that directly or indirectly augment cerebral catecholaminergic or acetylcholinergic function, or agents with combinations of these properties.* In the immediate post-injury period, treatment with uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists reduces duration of unconsciousness. The mechanism for this effect may involve attenuation of neurotrauma-induced glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and/or stabilization of glutamate signaling in the injured brain.* During the subacute or late post-injury periods, medications that augment cerebral acetylcholinergic function may improve declarative memory. Among responders to this treatment, secondary benefits on attention, processing speed, and executive function impairments as well as neuropsychiatric disturbances may be observed. During these post-injury periods, medications that augment cerebral catecholaminergic function may improve hypoarousal, processing speed, attention, and/or executive function as well as comorbid depression or apathy.* When medications are used, a "start-low, go-slow, but go" approach is encouraged, coupled with frequent reassessment of benefits and side effects as well as monitoring for drug-drug interactions. Titration to either beneficial effect or medication intolerance should be completed before discontinuing a treatment or augmenting partial responses with additional medications. ES - 1534-3138 IL - 1092-8480 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-012-0193-6 PT - Journal Article NO - R01 HD047242 (United States NICHD NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2012 Oct DC - 20120905 YR - 2012 ED - 20121002 RD - 20131017 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=22865461 <199. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21063372 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Al-Arifi MN FA - Al-Arifi, Mohammed N IN - Al-Arifi,Mohammed N. Drug and Poison Information Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4677352. Fax. +966 (1) 4674229. E-mail: malarifi@ksu.edu.sa. TI - Community pharmacists attitudes towards mental illness and providing pharmaceutical care for mentally ill patients. SO - Neurosciences. 13(4):412-20, 2008 Oct. AS - Neurosciences. 13(4):412-20, 2008 Oct. NJ - Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101252453 CP - Saudi Arabia AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the attitudes of community pharmacist to both mental illness and provision of pharmaceutical care. AB - METHODS: The study was conducted from May 2006 to September 2006 in College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey composed of the demographic characteristics of the respondents, who were asked 6 Likert type questions on the attitudes of the pharmacists toward mental illness, providing pharmaceutical care to mentally ill patients, the barriers of the provision of the service and differentiation between different types of mental illness. AB - RESULTS: Forty-three pharmacists participated in the study. Eighty-eight percent of the pharmacists felt that mental illness was the same as other illnesses. Sixty-six percent of the respondents "strongly agree," or "agree" that mentally ill patients were easily recognizable. Thirty-three percent of the respondents "disagree," or "strongly disagree" that mentally ill patients have no ability to tell right from wrong. In general, 43.3-87.7% of respondents are being "much more" or "more" interested, comfortable, and confident to perform pharmaceutical care to mentally ill patients. An average range of 30-67% of respondents felt neutral, or "much more" or "more" comfortable, confident for screening and solving drug-related problems, and compliance with drug therapy. Barriers that limit the provision of pharmaceutical care to the mentally ill patients include the lack of training in pharmaceutical care practice (88.4%), lack of therapeutic knowledge (83.7%), lack of documentation skill (79%), lack of communication (76.8%), lack of space for counseling (76.7%), insufficient time (74.5%) and lack of staff (72.1%). AB - CONCLUSION: Although pharmacists have positive attitudes to both mental illness and providing pharmaceutical care to mentally ill patients, they felt uncomfortable counseling or carrying out follow-up monitoring of patients for adverse drug-related problems. IS - 1319-6138 IL - 1319-6138 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 Oct DC - 20101110 YR - 2008 ED - 20121002 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21063372 <200. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21432366 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Nozu Y AU - Watanabe M AU - Kubo M AU - Sato Y AU - Shibata N AU - Uehara C AU - Kikuchi N AU - Kawahara Y AU - Takahashi N AU - Kito H FA - Nozu, Yuji FA - Watanabe, Motoi FA - Kubo, Motoyoshi FA - Sato, Yuki FA - Shibata, Nobuyuki FA - Uehara, Chie FA - Kikuchi, Nobuhiro FA - Kawahara, Yoshiko FA - Takahashi, Naoko FA - Kito, Hideaki IN - Nozu,Yuji. Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, 305-8574, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, nozu@taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp. TI - Effectiveness of drug abuse prevention program focusing on social influences among high school students: 15-month follow-up study. SO - Environmental Health & Preventive Medicine. 11(2):75-81, 2006 Mar. AS - Environ. health prev. med.. 11(2):75-81, 2006 Mar. NJ - Environmental health and preventive medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9609642 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2723636 CP - Japan KW - drug abuse; prevention; quasi-experimental design; school-based; social influence program AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a drug abuse prevention program focusing on social influences for drug education classes in high school. AB - METHODS: The social influence program in the experimental group used role-playing led by a pharmacist, a police officer and a teacher. The intervention evaluation used a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were first-year students from 10 high schools assigned to the experimental group (6 schools, 828 students) and the control group (4 schools, 408 students). In the control group, a pharmacist used a conventional information program in a lecture format. AB - RESULTS: Regarding knowledge about drug abuse, in both the experimental and control groups, and for both males and females, a long-term effect was observed immediately after the program and lasted up to 15 months. For three other measures, attitudes toward drug abuse problem, self-efficacy regarding drug abuse prevention, and perception of social support for preventing drug abuse, a short-term effect was generally observed in the experimental group beginning immediately after the program and lasting for 3 months. A long-term effect was evident in high-risk students with positive opinions regarding drugs. In the control group and for both males and females, although an effect was generally evident immediately after the program, neither a short-nor a long-term effect was observed in males, suggesting the difficulty in achieving lasting effects. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The social influence program in the experimental group showed remarkable effectiveness. Thus, the program may be useful for preventing drug abuse among high school students in Japan. IS - 1342-078X IL - 1342-078X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02898146 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 Mar DC - 20110324 YR - 2006 ED - 20121002 RD - 20130523 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21432366 <201. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21248950 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Reesal RT AU - Bajramovic H FA - Reesal, R T FA - Bajramovic, H TI - Social phobias: behavioural and pharmacotherapy. SO - Canadian Family Physician. 35:1157-60, 1989 May. AS - Can Fam Physician. 35:1157-60, 1989 May. NJ - Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - blo, 0120300 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2280357 CP - Canada AB - Five to 10% of the general population suffers from symptoms of an anxiety disorder. Social phobias, while less common than panic disorder, agoraphobia or simple phobias, are just as debilitating. Patients present with somatic, behavioural, mood and cognitive disturbances, of which unrecognized social isolation, depression, loss of employment, and drug and alcohol abuse can be the result. A symptomatic approach can be implemented through the use of education, insight, support, behaviour therapy, cognitive therapy, and pharmacological intervention. IS - 0008-350X IL - 0008-350X PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1989 May DC - 20110120 YR - 1989 ED - 20121002 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21248950 <202. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21811831 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Eichenberger PM AU - Haschke M AU - Lampert ML AU - Hersberger KE FA - Eichenberger, Patrick M FA - Haschke, Manuel FA - Lampert, Markus L FA - Hersberger, Kurt E IN - Eichenberger,Patrick M. Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, Pharmazentrum, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. TI - Drug-related problems in diabetes and transplant patients: an observational study with home visits. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 33(5):815-23, 2011 Oct. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 33(5):815-23, 2011 Oct. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Community Pharmacy Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Female MH - House Calls/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medication Therapy Management/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Middle Aged MH - Observation/mt [Methods] MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Transplantation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - OBJECTIVES: To get insight into the medication management of diabetes type 2 (DM) as well as solid organ transplant (Tx) patients and to analyse drug-related problems (DRPs) in order to explore opportunities for the provision of pharmaceutical care. AB - SETTING: Seventy-nine Swiss community pharmacies offering internships for pharmacy students. AB - METHODS: Diabetes and transplant patients were recruited in community pharmacies and were interviewed at home by fifth-year pharmacy students who were supervised by a trained investigator, using a specific interview guide developed for this study. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pattern and frequency of DRPs and pattern of medication management. AB - RESULTS: In total, 22 (Tx patients) and 54 (DM patients) home visits were carried out. Mean age of visited patients was 71.4 +/- 8.1 years (DM) and 52.6 +/- 13.8 years (Tx). Overall, 37.0% (DM) and 50.0% (Tx) of participants were female. We identified 7.4 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- SD) DRPs per visited patient, with considerable differences between Tx and DM patients (6.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 7.8 +/- 2.5). The most frequent DRPs were risk for non-adherence (DM: 61.1%; Tx: 77.3%), confusion of generic and trade names (DM: 74.1%; Tx: 27.3%), hoarding of over-the-counter medicines (DM: 48.1%; Tx: 4.5%) and prescription-only medicines (DM: 37.0%; Tx: 36.4%), gaps in knowledge about potential interactions (DM: 61.1%; Tx: 18.2%) and purpose of drugs (DM: 48.1%; Tx: 36.4%). Mean (SD) duration of the visits was 51.7 +/- 21.4 min. AB - CONCLUSION: Visiting Tx and DM patients in their homes allowed the identification of a wide range of opportunities for pharmaceutical care as well as specific DRPs which most probably would have escaped a medication review in the pharmacy. ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9542-x PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110803 DP - 2011 Oct DC - 20111010 YR - 2011 ED - 20120926 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21811831 <203. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22910174 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kaldy J FA - Kaldy, Joanne TI - Riding the wave of younger residents in long-term care. SO - Consultant Pharmacist. 27(8):538-43, 2012 Aug. AS - Consult Pharm. 27(8):538-43, 2012 Aug. NJ - The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9013983 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Humans MH - *Long-Term Care/mt [Methods] MH - Long-Term Care/st [Standards] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Nursing Homes/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Quality of Health Care MH - Quality of Life AB - Younger patients represent a growing percentage of nursing facility residents. Patients younger than 65 years of age comprise about 14% of the population in this setting. They are victims of traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries and diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. These individuals present some novel challenges for pharmacists and other practitioners because they often are more informed and involved in their care, have younger family members (including small children), have addiction issues, and may have expected life spans much longer than the average elder nursing facility resident. By understanding these individuals and their special needs and issues, pharmacists can help maximize the quality of care younger residents receive, enhancing their quality of life. IS - 0888-5109 IL - 0888-5109 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2012.538 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Aug DC - 20120822 YR - 2012 ED - 20120925 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22910174 <204. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22178534 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Klech H AU - Brooksbank C AU - Price S AU - Verpillat P AU - Buhler FR AU - Dubois D AU - Haider N AU - Johnson C AU - Linden HH AU - Payton T AU - Renn O AU - See W FA - Klech, Heinrich FA - Brooksbank, Cath FA - Price, Shirley FA - Verpillat, Patrice FA - Buhler, Fritz R FA - Dubois, Dominique FA - Haider, Norbert FA - Johnson, Claire FA - Linden, Hans H FA - Payton, Tony FA - Renn, Oliver FA - See, Wolf IN - Klech,Heinrich. PharmaTrain, Vienna School of Clinical Research, Campus Biocenter Vienna, Helmut-Qualtinger str. 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria. heinrich.klech@vscr.at TI - European initiative towards quality standards in education and training for discovery, development and use of medicines. SO - European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 45(5):515-20, 2012 Apr 11. AS - Eur J Pharm Sci. 45(5):515-20, 2012 Apr 11. NJ - European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c7r, 9317982 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Biomedical Research/ed [Education] MH - Biomedical Research/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Discovery/ed [Education] MH - *Drug Discovery/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Industry/ed [Education] MH - Drug Industry/st [Standards] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/st [Standards] MH - Europe MH - Humans MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations/st [Standards] MH - *Research/ed [Education] MH - Research/st [Standards] MH - Substance-Related Disorders AB - This position paper recommends a set of standards for quality assessment of continuing professional development (CPD) for medicines research and development (R&D). We have developed these standards to help us achieve the education and training goals of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI; www.imi.europa.eu/), which is developing courses to address the skills gaps in European medicines R&D. The IMI shared standard for course quality will enable professionals in medicines R&D to create a personalized portfolio of education and training that best suits their needs. Individuals already working in the pharmaceutical industry will be able to select modules for study on an as-needs basis, which may be combined to gain a qualification that is recognized throughout Europe. By seeking input from the medicines R&D community, especially professional bodies involved in the career development of biomedical scientists, we hope to initiate the creation of a mutually recognized framework for lifelong learning in medicines R&D. The shared standards call for defined and transparent admission criteria, a predefined set of teaching objectives leading to defined learning outcomes, assessment of the students' achievement, a system for collecting, assessing and addressing feedback, and provision of appropriate and updated reference material. This framework will make it easier for professionals to develop the skills required by industry, and easier for employers to recognize professionals with appropriate skills. It will obviate some of the need for retraining personnel who have already developed appropriate skills in a different setting, thereby saving the industry additional effort. Fulfilment of quality standards by course providers will be made transparent within the IMI's catalogue of courses, on-course (www.on-course.eu), which will be made publicly available during 2012.Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) ES - 1879-0720 IL - 0928-0987 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2011.12.005 PT - Congresses LG - English EP - 20111209 DP - 2012 Apr 11 DC - 20120305 YR - 2012 ED - 20120910 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22178534 <205. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22122480 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cacabelos R AU - Martinez-Bouza R AU - Carril JC AU - Fernandez-Novoa L AU - Lombardi V AU - Carrera I AU - Corzo L AU - McKay A FA - Cacabelos, Ramon FA - Martinez-Bouza, Rocio FA - Carril, Juan Carlos FA - Fernandez-Novoa, Lucia FA - Lombardi, Valter FA - Carrera, Ivan FA - Corzo, Lola FA - McKay, Adam IN - Cacabelos,Ramon. EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute for CNS Disorders and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Chair of Biotechnology and Genomics, Camilo Jose Cela University, Bergondo, Corunna, Spain. rcacabelos@euroespes.com TI - Genomics and pharmacogenomics of brain disorders. [Review] SO - Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 13(5):674-725, 2012 Apr. AS - Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 13(5):674-725, 2012 Apr. NJ - Current pharmaceutical biotechnology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d3w, 100960530 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Brain Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Brain Diseases/ge [Genetics] MH - Brain Diseases/me [Metabolism] MH - *Genomics MH - Humans MH - Metabolomics MH - *Pharmacogenetics MH - Proteomics AB - CNS disorders are the third major problem of health in developed countries, with approximately 10% of direct costs associated with a pharmacological treatment of doubtful cost-effectiveness. There is an alarming abuse of psychotropic drugs worldwide and only 20-30% of patients with CNS disorders appropriately respond to conventional drugs. The pathogenesis of most CNS disorders is the result of the interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors with environmental factors leading to post-transcriptional changes and proteomic and metabolomic dysfunctions. It is estimated that genetics accounts for 20% to 95% of variability in drug disposition and pharmacodynamics, and about 25-60% of the Western population is defective in genes responsible for drug metabolism. In the European population only 25% of subjects are pure extensive metabolizers for the trigenic cluster integrated by the CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 genes. About 50% of adverse drug events in CNS disorders might be attributed to pharmacogenomic factors. The rationale for practical pharmacogenomics and personalized therapeutics based on individual genomic profiles implies the management of different types of genes and their products including (i) genes associated with the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs (neurotransmitters, receptors, transporters), (ii) genes encoding enzymes responsible for drug metabolism (phase I, phase II reactions), (iii) disease-specific genes associated with a particular pathogenic cascade, and (iv) pleiotropic genes with multilocative effects in metabolomic networks. The incorporation of genomic medicine procedures and pharmacogenomics into clinical practice, together with educational programs for the correct use of medication, must help to optimize therapeutics in CNS disorders. ES - 1873-4316 IL - 1389-2010 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2012 Apr DC - 20120424 YR - 2012 ED - 20120905 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22122480 <206. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22867541 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bugnon O AU - Hugentobler-Hampai D AU - Berger J AU - Schneider MP FA - Bugnon, Olivier FA - Hugentobler-Hampai, Denise FA - Berger, Jerome FA - Schneider, Marie Paule IN - Bugnon,Olivier. School of pharmaceutical sciences Community Pharmacy Unit University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch TI - New roles for community pharmacists in modern health care systems: a challenge for pharmacy education and research. [Review] SO - Chimia. 66(5):304-7, 2012. AS - Chimia (Aarau). 66(5):304-7, 2012. NJ - Chimia PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0373152 SB - Index Medicus CP - Switzerland MH - *Delivery of Health Care/td [Trends] MH - *Education, Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - Humans MH - Management Quality Circles MH - Medication Adherence MH - Nursing Homes MH - Pharmaceutical Services MH - *Pharmacies/td [Trends] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Physicians MH - Primary Health Care MH - Research MH - Risk Assessment MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Switzerland AB - The academic activities led by the Unit of Community Pharmacy can be classified as translational. Our group is interested in person-centered pharmaceutical services aimed at a more responsible use of drugs (effectiveness, safety, efficiency) in collaboration with physicians and other health care professionals in a primary care setting. The following domains of education and research are high priorities for our group: medication therapy management, medication adherence, integrated care, individualization of therapies, care management for the elderly and e-health. IS - 0009-4293 IL - 0009-4293 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2012.304 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2012 DC - 20120807 YR - 2012 ED - 20120904 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22867541 <207. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22119845 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bevins RA AU - Barrett ST AU - Polewan RJ AU - Pittenger ST AU - Swalve N AU - Charntikov S FA - Bevins, Rick A FA - Barrett, Scott T FA - Polewan, Robert J FA - Pittenger, Steven T FA - Swalve, Natashia FA - Charntikov, Sergios IN - Bevins,Rick A. Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, USA. rbevins1@unl.edu TI - Disentangling the nature of the nicotine stimulus. [Review] SO - Behavioural Processes. 90(1):28-33, 2012 May. AS - BEHAV. PROCESS.. 90(1):28-33, 2012 May. NJ - Behavioural processes PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 7703854 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS342424 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3413479 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Animals MH - Conditioning, Classical/de [Drug Effects] MH - Conditioning, Operant/de [Drug Effects] MH - Discrimination Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Extinction, Psychological/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Nicotine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Nicotinic Agonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Transfer (Psychology)/de [Drug Effects] AB - Learning involving interoceptive stimuli likely plays an important role in many diseases and psychopathologies. Within this area, there has been extensive research investigating the interoceptive stimulus effects of abused drugs. In this pursuit, behavioral pharmacologists have taken advantage of what is known about learning processes and adapted the techniques to investigate the behavioral and receptor mechanisms of drug stimuli. Of particular interest is the nicotine stimulus and the use of the two-lever operant drug discrimination task and the Pavlovian drug discriminated goal-tracking task. There is strong concordance between the two methods when using "standard" testing protocols that minimize learning on test days. For example, ABT-418, nornicotine, and varenicline all fully evoked nicotine-appropriate responding. Notably, research from our laboratory with the discriminated goal-tracking task has used an alternative testing protocol. This protocol assesses stimulus substitution based on how well extinction learning using a non-nicotine ligand transfers back to the nicotine stimulus. These findings challenge conclusions based on more "standard" testing procedures (e.g., ABT-418 is not nicotine-like). As a starting point, we propose Thurstone scaling as a quantitative method for more precisely comparing transfer of extinction across doses, experiments, and investigators. We close with a discussion of future research directions and potential implications of the research for understanding interoceptive stimuli.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) ES - 1872-8308 IL - 0376-6357 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2011.10.020 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA018114 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA023951 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114-07 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21 DA023951 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R21 DA023951-02 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20111124 DP - 2012 May DC - 20120424 YR - 2012 ED - 20120823 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22119845 <208. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22848322 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Jha N AU - Shankar PR AU - Bajracharya O AU - Gurung SB AU - Singh KK FA - Jha, N FA - Shankar, P R FA - Bajracharya, O FA - Gurung, S B FA - Singh, K K IN - Jha,N. Department of Pharmacology, KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal. nishajha32@gmail.com TI - Adverse drug reaction reporting in a pharmacovigilance centre of Nepal. SO - The Australasian Medical Journal. 5(5):268-71, 2012. AS - Australas Med J. 5(5):268-71, 2012. NJ - The Australasian medical journal PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101558564 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3395286 CP - Australia KW - Adverse drug reactions; Nepal; pharmacovigilance; spontaneous reporting AB - BACKGROUND: Pharmacovigilance is the "science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug related problems". Nepal joined the international pharmacovigilance programme as a full member in 2007. KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal joined the national programme as a regional centre from mid-July 2008. Currently, the pattern and scope of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Nepal remains unexplored. AB - AIMS: To observe and analyse the pattern of ADRs at KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal. AB - METHOD: A retrospective analysis of all ADRs reported to the centre from mid July 2008 to July 2011 was performed. Data was analysed for ADR severity, causality, and preventability. AB - RESULTS: A total of 113 ADR reports were obtained from various clinical departments. The maximum number of reactions was due to antimicrobials, followed by anti-hypertensives and NSAIDs. AB - CONCLUSION: Antimicrobials were the commonest group of drugs causing ADRs and the most commonly seen ADR was maculopapular rash followed by diarrhea and vomiting. ES - 1836-1935 IL - 1836-1935 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2012.1142. PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20120531 DP - 2012 DC - 20120731 YR - 2012 ED - 20120823 RD - 20130530 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=22848322 <209. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22477836 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Kennedy MJ AU - Phan H AU - Benavides S AU - Potts A AU - Sorensen S FA - Kennedy, Mary Jayne FA - Phan, Hanna FA - Benavides, Sandra FA - Potts, Amy FA - Sorensen, Susan TI - The role of the pediatric pharmacist in personalized medicine and clinical pharmacogenomics for children: pediatric pharmacogenomics working group. SO - The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 16(2):118-22, 2011 Apr. AS - J. pediatr. pharmacol. ther.. 16(2):118-22, 2011 Apr. NJ - The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101089851 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3208440 CP - United States AB - With the initiatives by the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, pharmacogenomics has now moved from the laboratory to the patient bedside. Over 100 drug-products now contain pharmacogenomic information as part of their labeling. Many of these are commonly used in the pediatric population. Direct-to-consumer genetic test kits also require intervention and guidance from healthcare professionals. This increased trend towards personalized medicine mandates that healthcare professionals develop a working knowledge about pharmacogenomics and its application towards patient care. Because pharmacogenomic testing can provide patient-specific predictors for response to and safety of medications, pharmacists are positioned to play an active role in pharmacogenomic testing, clinical interpretation of results, and recommendations for individualization of drug therapy. Opportunities for pharmacists exist in both inpatient and outpatient settings, such as pharmacist-managed clinical pharmacogenomics consultation services and educating patients and families about pharmacogenomic testing. In addition to clinical roles, pharmacists may also be involved in genetically-influenced drug discovery and development. Given the potential for genetic and age-dependent factors to influence drug selection and dosing, pediatric pharmacists should be involved in the development of dosing recommendations and interprofessional practice guidelines regarding pharmacogenomic testing in pediatric patients. Opportunities to become knowledgeable and competent in pharmacogenomics span from coursework as part of the pharmacy curriculum to postgraduate education (e.g., residencies, fellowships, continuing education). However, there exists a need for additional postgraduate learning opportunities for practicing pharmacists. As a result, the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) acknowledges a need for increased education of both student and practicing pharmacists, with consideration of special patient populations, such as infants and children. PPAG endorses and advocates for the involvement of pediatric pharmacists in pharmacogenomic testing and in using those results to provide safe and effective medication use in pediatric patients of all ages. Additionally, PPAG strongly encourages pediatric pharmacists to take responsibility for educating patients and their families about the importance of pharmacogenomic testing and its role in the safe and effective use of medications. IS - 1551-6776 IL - 1551-6776 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-16.2.118 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Apr DC - 20120405 YR - 2011 ED - 20120823 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=22477836 <210. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22544968 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hata M AU - Klotz R AU - Sylvies R AU - Hess K AU - Schwartzman E AU - Scott J AU - Law AV FA - Hata, Micah FA - Klotz, Roger FA - Sylvies, Rick FA - Hess, Karl FA - Schwartzman, Emmanuelle FA - Scott, James FA - Law, Anandi V IN - Hata,Micah. College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA. TI - Medication therapy management services provided by student pharmacists. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 76(3):51, 2012 Apr 10. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 76(3):51, 2012 Apr 10. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3327249 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - California MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - *Medication Therapy Management MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - advanced pharmacy practice experience; community pharmacy; doctor of pharmacy program; experiential education; medication therapy management AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of student pharmacists delivering medication therapy management (MTM) services during an elective advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). AB - METHODS: Student pharmacists provided MTM services at community pharmacy APPE sites, documented their recommendations, and then made follow-up telephone calls to patients to determine the impact of the MTM provided. Students were surveyed about the MTM experience. AB - RESULTS: Forty-seven students provided MTM services to 509 patients over 2 years and identified 704 drug-related problems (average of 1.4 problems per patient). About 53% of patients relayed the recommendations to their physician and 205 (75%) physicians accepted the recommendations. Eighty-eight percent of patients reported feeling better about their medications after receiving MTM services. A majority of the students perceived their provision of MTM services as valuable to their patients. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Providing MTM services to patients in a pharmacy practice setting allowed student pharmacists to apply skills learned in the doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe76351 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Apr 10 DC - 20120430 YR - 2012 ED - 20120821 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22544968 <211. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22414793 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cornu P AU - Steurbaut S AU - Leysen T AU - De Baere E AU - Ligneel C AU - Mets T AU - Dupont AG FA - Cornu, Pieter FA - Steurbaut, Stephane FA - Leysen, Tinne FA - De Baere, Eva FA - Ligneel, Claudine FA - Mets, Tony FA - Dupont, Alain G IN - Cornu,Pieter. Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Jette, Belgium. TI - Effect of medication reconciliation at hospital admission on medication discrepancies during hospitalization and at discharge for geriatric patients. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 46(4):484-94, 2012 Apr. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 46(4):484-94, 2012 Apr. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Belgium MH - Cohort Studies MH - Documentation/st [Standards] MH - Female MH - Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Hospitals, University MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Medication Reconciliation/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Patient Admission/st [Standards] MH - *Patient Discharge/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/mt [Methods] MH - Prescription Drugs/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Retrospective Studies AB - BACKGROUND: Medication discrepancies have the potential to cause harm. Medication reconciliation by clinical pharmacists aims to prevent discrepancies and other drug-related problems. AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine how often discrepancies in the physician-acquired medication history result in discrepancies during hospitalization and at discharge. Secondary objectives were to determine the influence of clinical pharmacists' interventions on discrepancies and to investigate possible patient-related determinants for experiencing discrepancies. AB - METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study of patients who were admitted to the acute geriatric department of a Belgian university hospital and followed up by clinical pharmacists between September 2009 and April 2010. Patients were limited to those 65 years or older who were taking 1 or more prescription drug. Medication reconciliation at admission, during hospitalization, and at discharge was conducted by an independent pharmacist who gathered information via chart reviews. AB - RESULTS: The reconciliation process at admission identified 681 discrepancies in 199 patients. Approximately 81.9% (163) of patients had at least 1 discrepancy in the physician-acquired medication history. The clinical pharmacists performed 386 interventions, which were accepted in 279 cases (72.3%). A quarter of the medication history discrepancies (165; 24.2%) resulted in discrepancies during hospitalization, mostly because the intervention was not accepted. At discharge, 278 medication history discrepancies (40.8%) resulted in discrepancies in the discharge letter, accounting for 50.2% of all 554 discrepancies identified in the discharge letters. The likelihood for experiencing discrepancies at admission increased by 47% for every additional drug listed in the medication history. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies in the physician-acquired medication history at admission do not always correlate with discrepancies during hospitalization because of clinical pharmacists' interventions; however, discrepancies at admission may be associated with at least half of the discrepancies at discharge. Clinical pharmacist-conducted medication reconciliation can reduce these discrepancies, provided the erroneous information in the physician-acquired medication history is corrected and each intentional change in the medication plan is well documented during hospitalization and at discharge. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1542-6270 IL - 1060-0280 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1Q594 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20120313 DP - 2012 Apr DC - 20120413 YR - 2012 ED - 20120801 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22414793 <212. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21924589 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gustavsson A AU - Svensson M AU - Jacobi F AU - Allgulander C AU - Alonso J AU - Beghi E AU - Dodel R AU - Ekman M AU - Faravelli C AU - Fratiglioni L AU - Gannon B AU - Jones DH AU - Jennum P AU - Jordanova A AU - Jonsson L AU - Karampampa K AU - Knapp M AU - Kobelt G AU - Kurth T AU - Lieb R AU - Linde M AU - Ljungcrantz C AU - Maercker A AU - Melin B AU - Moscarelli M AU - Musayev A AU - Norwood F AU - Preisig M AU - Pugliatti M AU - Rehm J AU - Salvador-Carulla L AU - Schlehofer B AU - Simon R AU - Steinhausen HC AU - Stovner LJ AU - Vallat JM AU - Van den Bergh P AU - van Os J AU - Vos P AU - Xu W AU - Wittchen HU AU - Jonsson B AU - Olesen J AU - CDBE2010Study Group FA - Gustavsson, Anders FA - Svensson, Mikael FA - Jacobi, Frank FA - Allgulander, Christer FA - Alonso, Jordi FA - Beghi, Ettore FA - Dodel, Richard FA - Ekman, Mattias FA - Faravelli, Carlo FA - Fratiglioni, Laura FA - Gannon, Brenda FA - Jones, David Hilton FA - Jennum, Poul FA - Jordanova, Albena FA - Jonsson, Linus FA - Karampampa, Korinna FA - Knapp, Martin FA - Kobelt, Gisela FA - Kurth, Tobias FA - Lieb, Roselind FA - Linde, Mattias FA - Ljungcrantz, Christina FA - Maercker, Andreas FA - Melin, Beatrice FA - Moscarelli, Massimo FA - Musayev, Amir FA - Norwood, Fiona FA - Preisig, Martin FA - Pugliatti, Maura FA - Rehm, Juergen FA - Salvador-Carulla, Luis FA - Schlehofer, Brigitte FA - Simon, Roland FA - Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph FA - Stovner, Lars Jacob FA - Vallat, Jean-Michel FA - Van den Bergh, Peter FA - den Bergh, Peter Van FA - van Os, Jim FA - Vos, Pieter FA - Xu, Weili FA - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich FA - Jonsson, Bengt FA - Olesen, Jes FA - CDBE2010Study Group IN - Gustavsson,Anders. OptumInsight, Stockholm, Sweden. TI - Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.[Erratum appears in Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012 Mar;22(3):237-8 Note: den Bergh, Peter Van [corrected to Van den Bergh, Peter]] SO - European Neuropsychopharmacology. 21(10):718-79, 2011 Oct. AS - Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 21(10):718-79, 2011 Oct. NJ - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bjh, 9111390 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Brain Diseases/ec [Economics] MH - Brain Diseases/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Cost of Illness MH - Europe/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - *Health Care Costs MH - Health Expenditures MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - *Mental Disorders/ec [Economics] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Middle Aged MH - Prevalence MH - *Public Health/ec [Economics] AB - BACKGROUND: The spectrum of disorders of the brain is large, covering hundreds of disorders that are listed in either the mental or neurological disorder chapters of the established international diagnostic classification systems. These disorders have a high prevalence as well as short- and long-term impairments and disabilities. Therefore they are an emotional, financial and social burden to the patients, their families and their social network. In a 2005 landmark study, we estimated for the first time the annual cost of 12 major groups of disorders of the brain in Europe and gave a conservative estimate of 386 billion for the year 2004. This estimate was limited in scope and conservative due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive epidemiological and/or economic data on several important diagnostic groups. We are now in a position to substantially improve and revise the 2004 estimates. In the present report we cover 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items. We therefore present much improved cost estimates. Our revised estimates also now include the new EU member states, and hence a population of 514 million people. AB - AIMS: To estimate the number of persons with defined disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, the total cost per person related to each disease in terms of direct and indirect costs, and an estimate of the total cost per disorder and country. AB - METHODS: The best available estimates of the prevalence and cost per person for 19 groups of disorders of the brain (covering well over 100 specific disorders) were identified via a systematic review of the published literature. Together with the twelve disorders included in 2004, the following range of mental and neurologic groups of disorders is covered: addictive disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, brain tumor, childhood and adolescent disorders (developmental disorders), dementia, eating disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, migraine, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disorders, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, somatoform disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Epidemiologic panels were charged to complete the literature review for each disorder in order to estimate the 12-month prevalence, and health economic panels were charged to estimate best cost-estimates. A cost model was developed to combine the epidemiologic and economic data and estimate the total cost of each disorder in each of 30 European countries (EU27+Iceland, Norway and Switzerland). The cost model was populated with national statistics from Eurostat to adjust all costs to 2010 values, converting all local currencies to Euro, imputing costs for countries where no data were available, and aggregating country estimates to purchasing power parity adjusted estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. AB - RESULTS: The total cost of disorders of the brain was estimated at 798 billion in 2010. Direct costs constitute the majority of costs (37% direct healthcare costs and 23% direct non-medical costs) whereas the remaining 40% were indirect costs associated with patients' production losses. On average, the estimated cost per person with a disorder of the brain in Europe ranged between 285 for headache and 30,000 for neuromuscular disorders. The European per capita cost of disorders of the brain was 1550 on average but varied by country. The cost (in billion PPP 2010) of the disorders of the brain included in this study was as follows: addiction: 65.7; anxiety disorders: 74.4; brain tumor: 5.2; child/adolescent disorders: 21.3; dementia: 105.2; eating disorders: 0.8; epilepsy: 13.8; headache: 43.5; mental retardation: 43.3; mood disorders: 113.4; multiple sclerosis: 14.6; neuromuscular disorders: 7.7; Parkinson's disease: 13.9; personality disorders: 27.3; psychotic disorders: 93.9; sleep disorders: 35.4; somatoform disorder: 21.2; stroke: 64.1; traumatic brain injury: 33.0. It should be noted that the revised estimate of those disorders included in the previous 2004 report constituted 477 billion, by and large confirming our previous study results after considering the inflation and population increase since 2004. Further, our results were consistent with administrative data on the health care expenditure in Europe, and comparable to previous studies on the cost of specific disorders in Europe. Our estimates were lower than comparable estimates from the US. AB - DISCUSSION: This study was based on the best currently available data in Europe and our model enabled extrapolation to countries where no data could be found. Still, the scarcity of data is an important source of uncertainty in our estimates and may imply over- or underestimations in some disorders and countries. Even though this review included many disorders, diagnoses, age groups and cost items that were omitted in 2004, there are still remaining disorders that could not be included due to limitations in the available data. We therefore consider our estimate of the total cost of the disorders of the brain in Europe to be conservative. In terms of the health economic burden outlined in this report, disorders of the brain likely constitute the number one economic challenge for European health care, now and in the future. Data presented in this report should be considered by all stakeholder groups, including policy makers, industry and patient advocacy groups, to reconsider the current science, research and public health agenda and define a coordinated plan of action of various levels to address the associated challenges. AB - RECOMMENDATIONS: Political action is required in light of the present high cost of disorders of the brain. Funding of brain research must be increased; care for patients with brain disorders as well as teaching at medical schools and other health related educations must be quantitatively and qualitatively improved, including psychological treatments. The current move of the pharmaceutical industry away from brain related indications must be halted and reversed. Continued research into the cost of the many disorders not included in the present study is warranted. It is essential that not only the EU but also the national governments forcefully support these initiatives.Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. ES - 1873-7862 IL - 0924-977X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20110915 DP - 2011 Oct DC - 20111007 YR - 2011 ED - 20120801 RD - 20120822 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21924589 <213. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22304791 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Somers A AU - Mallet L AU - van der Cammen T AU - Robays H AU - Petrovic M FA - Somers, Annemie FA - Mallet, Louise FA - van der Cammen, Tischa FA - Robays, Hugo FA - Petrovic, Mirko IN - Somers,Annemie. Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. TI - Applicability of an adapted medication appropriateness index for detection of drug-related problems in geriatric inpatients. SO - American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. 10(2):101-9, 2012 Apr. AS - Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 10(2):101-9, 2012 Apr. NJ - The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101190325 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Drug Interactions MH - Female MH - Geriatrics/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - *Inpatients MH - Male MH - Observer Variation MH - Patient Admission MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Prescription Drugs/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Prescription Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Retrospective Studies AB - BACKGROUND: High drug consumption by older patients and the presence of many drug-related problems require careful assessment of drug therapy, for which a structured approach is recommended. AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the applicability of an adapted version of the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) in 50 geriatric inpatients at the time of admission. AB - METHODS: We reviewed, for 432 prescribed drugs, indication, right choice, dosage, directions, drug-disease interactions, drug-drug interactions, and duration of therapy. In addition, adverse drug reactions were evaluated, resulting in 8 questions per drug. MAI scores were attributed independently by a geriatrician and by a clinical pharmacist, and differences between them were assessed. Furthermore, the relationship between MAI score and drug-related hospital admission was explored. AB - RESULTS: Mean summed MAI scores of 13.7 according to the geriatrician and 13.6 according to the pharmacist were obtained. The highest scores were found for drugs for the central nervous and the urinary tract system; the highest scores per question were detected for right choice, adverse drug reactions, and drug-drug interactions. A good agreement between the scores of the geriatrician and the pharmacist was found: intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91 and overall kappa value was 0.71. A significantly higher MAI score was found for drug-related hospital admissions (P = 0.04 for the geriatrician and P = 0.03 for the pharmacist). AB - CONCLUSIONS: This adapted MAI score seems useful for detection of drug-related problems in geriatric inpatients and reliable with a low inter-rater variability and positive correlation between high score and drug-related hospital admission. We consider further application of the adapted MAI for teaching and training of clinical pharmacists, and as a systematic approach for detection of drug-related problems by the clinical pharmacists in our hospital.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1876-7761 IL - 1876-7761 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2012.01.003 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20120201 DP - 2012 Apr DC - 20120409 YR - 2012 ED - 20120725 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22304791 <214. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22657720 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - 2012 Beers criteria update: how should practicing nurses use the criteria?. SO - Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 38(6):3-5, 2012 Jun. AS - J Gerontol Nurs. 38(6):3-5, 2012 Jun. NJ - Journal of gerontological nursing PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7510258, iax SB - Nursing Journal CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - *Geriatric Nursing/ma [Manpower] MH - Humans MH - *Nurses MH - *Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Societies, Nursing MH - United States AB - The continued development of explicit lists of medications to avoid in older adults, such as the Beers criteria, is a key initiative in geriatrics. The involvement of nurse in this endeavor is critical , and nursing research, education, and practice will help not only develop but also disseminate important pharmacological management information to the public and thereby decrease drug-related problems and improve the health of older adults. Lastly, we wish to acknowledge Dr. Mark Beers' tremendous leadership in conceptualizing the importance of medication management in older adults and in acknowledging the significance of the full-team approach in patient care. Mark, who passed away in 2009, was an incredible mentor and true champion of safe medication use in adults. IS - 0098-9134 IL - 0098-9134 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20120517-01 PT - Editorial LG - English DP - 2012 Jun DC - 20120604 YR - 2012 ED - 20120724 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22657720 <215. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22339286 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Akram G AU - Bennie M AU - McKellar S AU - Michels S AU - Hudson S AU - Trundle J FA - Akram, Gazala FA - Bennie, Marion FA - McKellar, Susan FA - Michels, Susanna FA - Hudson, Stephen FA - Trundle, Janet IN - Akram,Gazala. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. gazala.akram@strath.ac.uk TI - Effective delivery of pharmaceutical palliative care: challenges in the community pharmacy setting. SO - Journal of Palliative Medicine. 15(3):317-21, 2012 Mar. AS - J Palliat Med. 15(3):317-21, 2012 Mar. NJ - Journal of palliative medicine PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - d0c, 9808462 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Efficiency, Organizational MH - Focus Groups MH - Health Services Accessibility MH - Humans MH - *Palliative Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Scotland MH - United States AB - BACKGROUND: Medication, particularly analgesia, is an important component of palliative care. However, timely access to medication, particularly opioids, can become problematic for patients receiving palliative care in the community setting. In Scotland in 2009, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Health Board (NHS GG&C), in partnership with Macmillan Cancer Support, established a programme to improve the local provision of pharmaceutical palliative care services with the appointment of Macmillan Pharmacist Facilitators. Researchers at the University of Strathclyde were commissioned to support the development and evaluation of this new service. We report the findings of this initial investigation into the provision of current palliative care services and outline an evidence-based action plan to support service improvement. AB - METHODS AND RESULTS: Qualitative data were gathered using focus group interviews. Three key themes were identified: medication supply, communication, and education and training. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The study findings have been used to develop an evidence-based action plan for the Macmillan Pharmacist Facilitators. This program of work is due for completion by December 2012. ES - 1557-7740 IL - 1557-7740 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2011.0262 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20120217 DP - 2012 Mar DC - 20120309 YR - 2012 ED - 20120711 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22339286 <216. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22258966 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Farley AC AU - Hajek P AU - Lycett D AU - Aveyard P FA - Farley, Amanda C FA - Hajek, Peter FA - Lycett, Deborah FA - Aveyard, Paul IN - Farley,Amanda C. Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. TI - Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. [Review][Update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(1):CD006219; PMID: 19160269] SO - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1:CD006219, 2012. AS - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1:CD006219, 2012. NJ - The Cochrane database of systematic reviews PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100909747 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Benzazepines/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Exercise MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nicotine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Nicotinic Agonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Piperidines/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Pyrazoles/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Quinoxalines/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Weight Gain/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Weight Gain AB - BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking gain weight. There are some interventions that have been designed to reduce weight gain when stopping smoking. Some smoking cessation interventions may also limit weight gain although their effect on weight has not been reviewed. AB - OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the effect of: (1) Interventions targeting post-cessation weight gain on weight change and smoking cessation.(2) Interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that may also plausibly affect weight on post-cessation weight change. AB - SEARCH METHODS: Part 1 - We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register and CENTRAL in September 2011.Part 2 - In addition we searched the included studies in the following "parent" Cochrane reviews: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists and exercise interventions for smoking cessation published in Issue 9, 2011 of the Cochrane Library. AB - SELECTION CRITERIA: Part 1 - We included trials of interventions that were targeted at post-cessation weight gain and had measured weight at any follow up point and/or smoking cessation six or more months after quit day.Part 2 - We included trials that had been included in the selected parent Cochrane reviews if they had reported weight gain at any time point. AB - DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on baseline characteristics of the study population, intervention, outcome and study quality. Change in weight was expressed as difference in weight change from baseline to follow up between trial arms and was reported in abstinent smokers only. Abstinence from smoking was expressed as a risk ratio (RR). We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence available in each trial. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the inverse variance method for weight and Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking using a fixed-effect model. AB - MAIN RESULTS: Part 1: Some pharmacological interventions tested for limiting post cessation weight gain (PCWG) resulted in a significant reduction in WG at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine (Mean difference (MD) -2.50 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.98 to -2.02, 1 study), phenylpropanolamine (MD -0.50 kg, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.20, N=3), naltrexone (MD -0.78 kg, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.05, N=2). There was no evidence that treatment reduced weight at 6 or 12 months (m). No pharmacological intervention significantly affected smoking cessation rates.Weight management education only was associated with no reduction in PCWG at end of treatment (6 or 12m). However these interventions significantly reduced abstinence at 12m (Risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.90, N=2). Personalised weight management support reduced PCWG at 12m (MD -2.58 kg, 95% CI -5.11 to -0.05, N=2) and was not associated with a significant reduction of abstinence at 12m (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.43, N=2). A very low calorie diet (VLCD) significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -3.70 kg, 95% CI -4.82 to -2.58, N=1), but not significantly so at 12m (MD -1.30 kg, 95% CI -3.49 to 0.89, N=1). The VLCD increased chances of abstinence at 12m (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.73, N=1). There was no evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy to allay concern about weight gain (CBT) reduced PCWG, but there was some evidence of increased PCWG at 6m (MD 0.74, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.24). It was associated with improved abstinence at 6m (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.13, N=2) but not at 12m (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.86, N=2). However, there was significant statistical heterogeneity.Part 2: We found no evidence that exercise interventions significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -0.25 kg, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.29, N=4) however a significant reduction was found at 12m (MD -2.07 kg, 95% CI -3.78 to -0.36, N=3).Both bupropion and fluoxetine limited PCWG at the end of treatment (bupropion MD -1.12 kg, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.77, N=7) (fluoxetine MD -0.99 kg, 95% CI -1.36 to -0.61, N=2). There was no evidence that the effect persisted at 6m (bupropion MD -0.58 kg, 95% CI -2.16 to 1.00, N=4), (fluoxetine MD -0.01 kg, 95% CI -1.11 to 1.10, N=2) or 12m (bupropion MD -0.38 kg, 95% CI -2.00 to 1.24, N=4). There were no data on WG at 12m for fluoxetine.Overall, treatment with NRT attenuated PCWG at the end of treatment (MD -0.69 kg, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.51, N=19), with no strong evidence that the effect differed for the different forms of NRT. There was evidence of significant statistical heterogeneity caused by one study which reported a 4.3 kg reduction in PCWG due to NRT. With this study removed, the difference in weight change at end of treatment was -0.45 kg (95% CI -0.66 to -0.27, N=18). There was no evidence of an effect on PCWG at 12m (MD -0.42 kg, 95% CI -0.92 to 0.08, N=15).We found evidence that varenicline significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -0.41 kg, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.19, N=11), but this effect was not maintained at 6 or 12m. Three studies compared the effect of bupropion to varenicline. Participants taking bupropion gained significantly less weight at the end of treatment (-0.51 kg (95% CI -0.93 to -0.09 kg), N=3). Direct comparison showed no significant difference in PCWG between varenicline and NRT. AB - AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Although some pharmacotherapies tested to limit PCWG show evidence of short-term success, other problems with them and the lack of data on long-term efficacy limits their use. Weight management education only, is not effective and may reduce abstinence. Personalised weight management support may be effective and not reduce abstinence, but there are too few data to be sure. One study showed a VLCD increased abstinence but did not prevent WG in the longer term. CBT to accept WG did not limit PCWG and may not promote abstinence in the long term. Exercise interventions significantly reduced weight in the long term, but not the short term. More studies are needed to clarify whether this is an effect of treatment or a chance finding. Bupropion, fluoxetine, NRT and varenicline reduce PCWG while using the medication. Although this effect was not maintained one year after stopping smoking, the evidence is insufficient to exclude a modest long-term effect. The data are not sufficient to make strong clinical recommendations for effective programmes to prevent weight gain after cessation. RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) RN - 0 (Benzazepines) RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 0 (Piperidines) RN - 0 (Pyrazoles) RN - 0 (Quinoxalines) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) ES - 1469-493X IL - 1361-6137 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub3 PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English EP - 20120118 DP - 2012 DC - 20120119 YR - 2012 ED - 20120626 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22258966 <217. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22345721 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Tang DH AU - Warholak TL AU - Slack MK AU - Malone DC AU - Gau CS FA - Tang, Derek H FA - Warholak, Terri L FA - Slack, Marion K FA - Malone, Daniel C FA - Gau, Churn-Shiouh IN - Tang,Derek H. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N. Martin, PO Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. dtang@pharmacy.arizona.edu TI - Science of safety topic coverage in experiential education in US and Taiwan colleges and schools of pharmacy. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 75(10):202, 2011 Dec 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 75(10):202, 2011 Dec 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3279028 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems MH - *Consumer Product Safety MH - Curriculum MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Faculty MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Internet MH - *Perception MH - Preceptorship MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Professional Competence MH - Risk Assessment MH - *Schools, Pharmacy MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Taiwan MH - United States KW - experiential education; international; science of safety; survey research AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare the science of safety (SoS) topic coverage and associated student competencies in the experiential education curricula of colleges and schools of pharmacy in the United States and Taiwan. AB - METHODS: The experiential education director, assistant director, or coordinator at a random sample of 34 US colleges and schools of pharmacy and all 7 Taiwan schools of pharmacy were interviewed and then asked to complete an Internet-based survey instrument. AB - RESULTS: Faculty members in both countries perceived that experiential curricula were focused on the postmarketing phase of the SoS, and that there is a need for the pharmacy experiential curricula to be standardized in order to fill SoS coverage gaps. Inter-country differences in experiential SoS coverage were noted in topics included for safety biomarkers that signal potential for drug-induced problems and pharmacogenomics. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Experiential SoS topic coverage and student ability gaps were perceived within and between US and Taiwan colleges and schools of pharmacy. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7510202 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study LG - English DP - 2011 Dec 15 DC - 20120220 YR - 2011 ED - 20120626 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=22345721 <218. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22246852 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schlosser AV AU - Hoffer LD FA - Schlosser, Allison V FA - Hoffer, Lee D IN - Schlosser,Allison V. Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. allison.schlosser@case.edu TI - The psychotropic self/imaginary: subjectivity and psychopharmaceutical use among heroin users with co-occurring mental illness. SO - Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry. 36(1):26-50, 2012 Mar. AS - Cult Med Psychiatry. 36(1):26-50, 2012 Mar. NJ - Culture, medicine and psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - dt5, 7707467 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Attitude to Health MH - Bipolar Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Bipolar Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Community Mental Health Services MH - Comorbidity MH - Female MH - Heroin Dependence/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Heroin Dependence/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Ohio MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Self Efficacy MH - Social Stigma MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - Many people diagnosed with mental illnesses struggle with illicit drug addiction. These individuals are often treated with psychiatric medications, yet little is known about how they experience this treatment. Research on the subjective experience of psychiatric medication use highlights the complex, contradictory, and ambiguous feelings often associated with this treatment. However, for those with mental illness and addiction, this experience is complicated by the need to manage both psychiatric medication and illicit drug use. Using ethnographic data from a study of heroin use in Northeast Ohio, we explore this experience by expanding the pharmaceutical self/imaginary (Jenkins, Pharmaceutical Self: The Global Shaping of Experience in an Age of Psychopharmacology, School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, NM, 2010b) to include psychopharmaceuticals and illicit drugs, what we call the psychotropic self/imaginary. Through this lens we explore the ways participants interpret and manage their psychotropic drug use in relation to sociocultural, institutional, and political-economic contexts. This analysis reveals how participants seek desired effects of legally prescribed and illicit drugs to treat mental illness, manage heroin addiction, and maintain a perceived "normal" self. Participants manage their drug use using active strategies, such as selective use of psychiatric medications, in the context of structural constraints, such as restricted access to mental health care, and cultural contexts that blur distinctions between "good" medicines and "bad" drugs. RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) ES - 1573-076X IL - 0165-005X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-011-9244-9 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 2012 Mar DC - 20120228 YR - 2012 ED - 20120625 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22246852 <219. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22473559 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Arnett MR AU - Baba NZ AU - Cheek D FA - Arnett, Margie R FA - Baba, Nadim Z FA - Cheek, Darlene IN - Arnett,Margie R. School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. marnett@llu.edu TI - Improving tobacco dependence education for dental and dental hygiene students at Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. SO - Journal of Dental Education. 76(4):472-8, 2012 Apr. AS - J Dent Educ. 76(4):472-8, 2012 Apr. NJ - Journal of dental education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - hy7, 8000150 SB - Dental Journals SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - California MH - Counseling MH - Curriculum MH - *Dental Hygienists/ed [Education] MH - Dental Hygienists/px [Psychology] MH - *Education, Dental MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mouth Diseases/et [Etiology] MH - Referral and Consultation MH - Schools, Dental MH - Self Concept MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Smoking Cessation MH - Students, Dental/px [Psychology] MH - Tobacco Use Cessation Products/cl [Classification] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - In a general effort to facilitate dental professionals' effective tobacco-dependence education (TDE), the student part of the project reported here had three purposes: 1) to promote tobacco cessation activities in the dental school clinic, 2) to evaluate dental and dental hygiene students' confidence level in treating tobacco-dependent patients, and 3) to determine the frequency, duration, and depth with which the students assisted tobacco-dependent patients. Surveys of senior dental and dental hygiene students at the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry were conducted in 2008. Of the twenty-seven questions on the survey, nineteen related to the procedures students performed and questions asked of patients, one question asked how many minutes students spent counseling patients, and seven questions related to barriers to incorporating TDE activities. Only 56.5 percent of the responding dental students reported they routinely "asked and advised" about their patients' smoking behaviors, but 87.5 percent of the responding dental hygiene students reported they routinely did so. After the curricular intervention, the follow-up survey found that the dental students more frequently showed their patients the effects of tobacco on the oral mucosa and more frequently discussed pharmacotherapy options and made referrals during routine care. Until all dental and dental hygiene students are required to meet written board and clinical competencies in TDE and given adequate mentoring by clinical faculty to treat tobacco-dependent patients, the likelihood of seeing major improvements in tobacco-cessation treatment in dental practices is low. ES - 1930-7837 IL - 0022-0337 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Apr DC - 20120404 YR - 2012 ED - 20120615 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22473559 <220. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22267034 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Granville-Garcia AF AU - Sarmento DJ AU - Santos JA AU - Pinto TA AU - de Sousa RV AU - Cavalcanti AL FA - Granville-Garcia, Ana Flavia FA - Sarmento, Dmitry Jose de Santana FA - Santos, Jalber Almeida FA - Pinto, Tassia Almeida FA - de Sousa, Raulison Vieira FA - Cavalcanti, Alessandro Leite IN - Granville-Garcia,Ana Flavia. Departamento de odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba. anaflaviagg@hotmail.com TI - Smoking among undergraduate students in the area of health. SO - Ciencia & Saude Coletiva. 17(2):389-96, 2012 Feb. AS - Cienc. saude colet.. 17(2):389-96, 2012 Feb. NJ - Ciencia & saude coletiva PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9713483 SB - Index Medicus CP - Brazil MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Brazil MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Health Occupations MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - *Students/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Universities MH - Young Adult AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and socio-demographic and behavioral factors among undergraduate students in the area of health at the State University of Paraiba, Brazil. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample from each of the following courses: Dentistry, Nursing, Psychology, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy and Physical Education. A total of 492 students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. Smoking prevalence was 5.7% and stress was the main reason for starting the habit (36.8%). In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the variables of gender, religious persuasion, semester attended in the course, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with smoking (p<0.05). Although other studies reported a strong relationship between university students and smoking, the prevalence of smokers was low. Most of the variables studied revealed a correlation with smoking. Since smoking and alcohol consumption are the two major human addictions, this study suggests a bidirectional relationship between these variables. ES - 1678-4561 IL - 1413-8123 DI - S1413-81232012000200013 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Feb DC - 20120123 YR - 2012 ED - 20120529 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22267034 <221. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21777480 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Stemer G AU - Lemmens-Gruber R FA - Stemer, Gunar FA - Lemmens-Gruber, Rosa IN - Stemer,Gunar. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrase 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. gunar.stemer@akhwien.at TI - Clinical pharmacy activities in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic literature review. [Review] SO - BMC Nephrology. 12:35, 2011. AS - BMC Nephrol. 12:35, 2011. NJ - BMC nephrology PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100967793 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3166893 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Disease Progression MH - Humans MH - *Kidney Failure, Chronic/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Kidney Failure, Chronic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Kidney Failure, Chronic/et [Etiology] MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/mt [Methods] MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/co [Complications] MH - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represent worldwide health problems with an epidemic extent. Therefore, attention must be given to the optimisation of patient care, as gaps in the care of CKD and ESRD patients are well documented. As part of a multidisciplinary patient care strategy, clinical pharmacy services have led to improvements in patient care. The purpose of this study was to summarise the available evidence regarding the role and impact of clinical pharmacy services for these patient populations. AB - METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the Medline, Embase and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases to identify relevant studies on the impact of clinical pharmacists on CKD and ESRD patients, regarding disease-oriented and patient-oriented outcomes, and clinical pharmacist interventions on drug-related problems. AB - RESULTS: Among a total of 21 studies, only four (19%) were controlled trials. The majority of studies were descriptive (67%) and before-after studies (14%). Interventions comprised general clinical pharmacy services with a focus on detecting, resolving and preventing drug-related problems, clinical pharmacy services with a focus on disease management, or clinical pharmacy services with a focus on patient education in order to increase medication knowledge. Anaemia was the most common comorbidity managed by clinical pharmacists, and their involvement led to significant improvement in investigated disease-oriented outcomes, for example, haemoglobin levels. Only four of the studies (including three controlled trials) presented data on patient-oriented outcomes, for example, quality of life and length of hospitalisation. Studies investigating the number and type of clinical pharmacist interventions and physician acceptance rates reported a mean acceptance rate of 79%. The most common reported drug-related problems were incorrect dosing, the need for additional pharmacotherapy, and medical record discrepancies. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Few high-quality trials addressing the benefit and impact of clinical pharmacy services in CKD and ESRD patients have been published. However, all available studies reported some positive impact resulting from clinical pharmacist involvement, including various investigated outcome measures that could be improved. Additional randomised controlled trials investigating patient-oriented outcomes are needed to further determine the role of clinical pharmacists and the benefits of clinical pharmacy services to CKD and ESRD patients. ES - 1471-2369 IL - 1471-2369 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-12-35 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English EP - 20110722 DP - 2011 DC - 20110906 YR - 2011 ED - 20120525 RD - 20150204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21777480 <222. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21594591 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Stafford L AU - Stafford A AU - Hughes J AU - Angley M AU - Bereznicki L AU - Peterson G FA - Stafford, Leanne FA - Stafford, Andrew FA - Hughes, Josephine FA - Angley, Manya FA - Bereznicki, Luke FA - Peterson, Gregory IN - Stafford,Leanne. Unit for Medication Outcomes Research and Education, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart Tasmania 7001, Australia. leannes2@utas.edu.au TI - Drug-related problems identified in post-discharge medication reviews for patients taking warfarin. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 33(4):621-6, 2011 Aug. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 33(4):621-6, 2011 Aug. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Cohort Studies MH - Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Drug Interactions MH - *Drug Utilization Review/mt [Methods] MH - Drug Utilization Review/st [Standards] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/di [Diagnosis] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Patient Discharge/st [Standards] MH - *Patient Discharge MH - Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Professional Role MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Warfarin/ae [Adverse Effects] AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterise the nature of the drug-related problems with warfarin therapy identified in pharmacist-conducted medication reviews during a collaborative post-discharge warfarin management service, with a focus on potentially serious drug interactions. AB - SETTING: Australian community pharmacy practice. AB - METHOD: Medication review reports submitted by pharmacists to patients' general practitioners as part of the service were reviewed and the type and clinical significance of the warfarin-associated drug-related problems, and the pharmacists' recommendations were classified. The prevalence of prescribing of 'potentially hazardous' warfarin drug interactions was investigated and compared with the frequency of documentation of these interactions in the medication review reports. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The number and nature of warfarin-associated drug-related problems identified and the rate of documentation of 'potentially hazardous' warfarin drug interactions in the reports from pharmacist-conducted medication reviews. AB - RESULTS: A total of 157 warfarin-associated drug-related problems were documented in 109 medication review reports (mean 1.4 per patient, 95% CI 1.3-1.6, range 0-5). Drug selection and Education or information were the most commonly identified warfarin-associated drug-related problems; most drug-related problems were of moderate clinical significance. Eight of 23 potentially serious warfarin drug interactions (34.8%) were identified in the medication review reports. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists addressing drug selection and warfarin education drug-related problems during medication reviews may have contributed to the positive outcomes of the post-discharge service. Warfarin drug interactions were frequently identified; however, well-recognised potentially hazardous interactions were under-reported. Improved communication along the continuum of care would permit improved targeting of drug-related problem reporting, especially in relation to preventable drug interactions. RN - 5Q7ZVV76EI (Warfarin) ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9515-0 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20110519 DP - 2011 Aug DC - 20110719 YR - 2011 ED - 20120523 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21594591 <223. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22133584 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bussing R AU - Koro-Ljungberg M AU - Noguchi K AU - Mason D AU - Mayerson G AU - Garvan CW FA - Bussing, Regina FA - Koro-Ljungberg, Mirka FA - Noguchi, Kenji FA - Mason, Dana FA - Mayerson, Gillian FA - Garvan, Cynthia W IN - Bussing,Regina. Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States. rbussing@ufl.edu TI - Willingness to use ADHD treatments: a mixed methods study of perceptions by adolescents, parents, health professionals and teachers. SO - Social Science & Medicine. 74(1):92-100, 2012 Jan. AS - Soc Sci Med. 74(1):92-100, 2012 Jan. NJ - Social science & medicine (1982) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ut9, 8303205 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS342173 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3253014 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Attitude to Health MH - *Faculty MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - *Health Personnel/px [Psychology] MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Parents/px [Psychology] MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care MH - Regression Analysis MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States MH - Young Adult AB - Little is known about factors that influence willingness to engage in treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From 2007 to 2008, in the context of a longitudinal study assessing ADHD detection and service use in the United States, we simultaneously elicited ADHD treatment perceptions from four stakeholder groups: adolescents, parents, health care professionals and teachers. We assessed their willingness to use ADHD interventions and views of potential undesirable effects of two pharmacological (short- and long-acting ADHD medications) and three psychosocial (ADHD education, behavior therapy, and counseling) treatments. In multiple regression analysis, willingness was found to be significantly related to respondent type (lower for adolescents than adults), feeling knowledgeable, and considering treatments acceptable and helpful, but not significantly associated with stigma/embarrassment, respondent race, gender and socioeconomic status. Because conceptual models of undesirable effects are underdeveloped, we used grounded theory method to analyze open-ended survey responses to the question: "What other undesirable effects are you concerned about?" We identified general negative treatment perceptions (dislike, burden, perceived ineffectiveness) and specific undesirable effect expectations (physiological and psychological side effects, stigma and future dependence on drugs or therapies) for pharmacological and psychosocial treatments. In summary, findings indicate significant discrepancies between teens' and adults' willingness to use common ADHD interventions, with low teen willingness for any treatments. Results highlight the need to develop better treatment engagement practices for adolescents with ADHD.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1873-5347 IL - 0277-9536 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.009 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - R01 MH057399 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 MH057399-05A1 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 MH057399-06 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 MH057399-07 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 MH057399-08 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 MH057399-09 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01MH57399 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - UL1 TR000064 (United States NCATS NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20111117 DP - 2012 Jan DC - 20111226 YR - 2012 ED - 20120522 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22133584 <224. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22101425 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Williams M AU - Peterson GM AU - Tenni PC AU - Bindoff IK AU - Stafford AC FA - Williams, Mackenzie FA - Peterson, Gregory M FA - Tenni, Peter C FA - Bindoff, Ivan K FA - Stafford, Andrew C IN - Williams,Mackenzie. School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia. Mackenzie.Williams@utas.edu.au TI - DOCUMENT: a system for classifying drug-related problems in community pharmacy. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 34(1):43-52, 2012 Feb. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 34(1):43-52, 2012 Feb. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Australia MH - *Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Documentation MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Prescription Drugs/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] AB - BACKGROUND: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are a major burden on the Australian healthcare system. Community pharmacists are in an ideal position to detect, prevent, and resolve these DRPs. Objective To develop and validate an easy-to-use documentation system for pharmacists to classify and record DRPs, and to investigate the nature and frequency of clinical interventions undertaken by Australian community pharmacists to prevent or resolve them. Setting Australian community pharmacies. AB - METHOD: The DOCUMENT classification system was developed, validated and refined during two pilot studies. The system was then incorporated into software installed in 185 Australian pharmacies to record DRPs and clinical interventions undertaken by pharmacists during a 12-week trial. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The number and nature of DRPs detected within Australian community pharmacies. AB - RESULTS: A total of 5,948 DRPs and clinical interventions were documented from 2,013,923 prescriptions dispensed during the trial (intervention frequency 0.3%). Interventions were commonly related to Drug selection problems (30.7%) or Educational issues (23.7%). Pharmacists made an average of 1.6 recommendations per intervention, commonly relating to A change in therapy (40.1%) and Provision of information (34.7%). Almost half of interventions (42.6%) were classified by recording pharmacists as being at a higher level of clinical significance. AB - CONCLUSION: The DOCUMENT system provided pharmacists with a useful and easy-to-use tool for recording DRPs and clinical interventions. Results from the trial have provided a better understanding of the frequency and nature of clinical interventions performed in Australian community pharmacies, and lead to a national implementation of the system. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9583-1 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Studies LG - English EP - 20111119 DP - 2012 Feb DC - 20120119 YR - 2012 ED - 20120510 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22101425 <225. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22313101 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kaye S AU - Darke S FA - Kaye, Sharlene FA - Darke, Shane IN - Kaye,Sharlene. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia. s.kaye@med.unsw.edu.au TI - The diversion and misuse of pharmaceutical stimulants: what do we know and why should we care?. [Review] SO - Addiction. 107(3):467-77, 2012 Mar. AS - Addiction. 107(3):467-77, 2012 Mar. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants MH - Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Health Services Misuse/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Motivation MH - Prevalence MH - Street Drugs/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Young Adult AB - AIMS: To examine the literature pertaining to the diversion and misuse of pharmaceutical stimulants. AB - METHODS: Relevant literature was identified through comprehensive MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed searches. AB - RESULTS: The evidence to date suggests that the prevalence of diversion and misuse of pharmaceutical stimulants varies across adolescent and young adult student populations, but is higher than that among the general population, with the highest prevalence found among adults with attention deficit-hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and users of other illicit drugs. Concerns that these practices have become more prevalent as a result of increased prescribing are not supported by large-scale population surveys. Information on trends in misuse in countries where there have been recent increases in prescription and consumption rates, however, is limited. Little is known about the frequency and chronicity of misuse, or the extent of associated harms, particularly among those populations, i.e. adolescents, young adult student populations, those with ADHD and illicit drug users, where abuse may be more likely to occur. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Continued monitoring of the diversion and misuse of pharmaceutical stimulants is of major clinical importance. Despite recognition of the abuse liability of these medications, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence, patterns and harms of diversion and misuse among populations where problematic use and abuse may be most likely to occur (e.g. adolescents, young adults, illicit drug users). Comprehensive investigations of diversion and misuse among these populations should be a major research priority, as should the assessment of abuse and dependence criteria among those identified as regular users.Copyright © 2012 The Authors, Addiction © 2012 Society for the Study of Addiction. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) ES - 1360-0443 IL - 0965-2140 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03720.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2012 Mar DC - 20120208 YR - 2012 ED - 20120501 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22313101 <226. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21933297 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Neale J AU - Nettleton S AU - Pickering L AU - Fischer J FA - Neale, Joanne FA - Nettleton, Sarah FA - Pickering, Lucy FA - Fischer, Jan IN - Neale,Joanne. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. jneale@brookes.ac.uk TI - Eating patterns among heroin users: a qualitative study with implications for nutritional interventions. SO - Addiction. 107(3):635-41, 2012 Mar. AS - Addiction. 107(3):635-41, 2012 Mar. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Eating/px [Psychology] MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Heroin Dependence/dh [Diet Therapy] MH - *Heroin Dependence/px [Psychology] MH - Heroin Dependence/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nutritional Support MH - Residential Treatment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Socioeconomic Factors AB - AIM: To provide new insights into heroin users' eating patterns in order to inform nutritional interventions. AB - DESIGN: Seventy-seven audio-recorded in-depth interviews which elicited detailed data on eating patterns. AB - SETTING: Community and residential drug services, pharmacies and peer support groups in Southern England, UK. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Forty current or ex-heroin users (21 men and 19 women), of whom 37 (20 men and 17 women) were re-interviewed after 3 months. AB - MEASUREMENTS: Audio data transcribed verbatim, coded systematically and analysed inductively. AB - FINDINGS: Heroin users' eating patterns were influenced by individual, social, cultural, economic and environmental factors. During active heroin use, participants consumed quick, convenient, cheap and sweet foods, ate infrequently and had little interest in food. Eating patterns often improved during stays in residential services and after heroin cessation. Ex-heroin users began to take pleasure in food preparation and eating and identified therapeutic benefits to cooking. Initially, weight gain was experienced positively, but subsequently generated anxieties as participants, particularly women, struggled to control their appetite and worried about becoming overweight. Findings complement and add to previous research and sociological and anthropological literatures. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Heroin users have dysfunctional eating patterns that are amenable to change and community and residential services could enable them to experience the many health, psychological and social benefits of improved eating practices. Nutritional interventions need to be tailored to individual needs and circumstances, but also monitored and evaluated so that there is a future evidence base.Copyright © 2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction. ES - 1360-0443 IL - 0965-2140 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03660.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2012 Mar DC - 20120208 YR - 2012 ED - 20120501 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21933297 <227. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22396406 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gourley SL AU - Olevska A AU - Warren MS AU - Taylor JR AU - Koleske AJ FA - Gourley, Shannon L FA - Olevska, Anastasia FA - Warren, M Sloan FA - Taylor, Jane R FA - Koleske, Anthony J IN - Gourley,Shannon L. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. TI - Arg kinase regulates prefrontal dendritic spine refinement and cocaine-induced plasticity. SO - Journal of Neuroscience. 32(7):2314-23, 2012 Feb 15. AS - J Neurosci. 32(7):2314-23, 2012 Feb 15. NJ - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - jdf, 8102140 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS384417 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3386297 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Action Potentials/ge [Genetics] MH - Age Factors MH - Animals MH - Arginine Kinase/df [Deficiency] MH - *Arginine Kinase/ph [Physiology] MH - *Cocaine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Dendritic Spines/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Dendritic Spines/en [Enzymology] MH - Female MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, 129 Strain MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Knockout MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Motor Activity/de [Drug Effects] MH - Motor Activity/ge [Genetics] MH - Neurogenesis/de [Drug Effects] MH - Neurogenesis/ge [Genetics] MH - Neuronal Plasticity/de [Drug Effects] MH - Neuronal Plasticity/ge [Genetics] MH - *Neuronal Plasticity MH - Prefrontal Cortex/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Prefrontal Cortex/en [Enzymology] AB - Adolescence is characterized by vulnerability to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders including drug addiction, as well as prefrontal cortical refinement that culminates in structural stability in adulthood. Neuronal refinement and stabilization are hypothesized to confer resilience to poor decision making and addictive-like behaviors, although intracellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We characterized layer V prefrontal dendritic spine development and refinement in adolescent wild-type mice and mice lacking the cytoskeletal regulatory protein Abl-related gene (Arg) kinase. Relative to hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, which exhibited a nearly linear increase in spine density up to postnatal day 60 (P60), wild-type prefrontal spine density peaked at P31, and then declined by 18% by P56-P60. In contrast, dendritic spines in mice lacking Arg destabilized by P31, leading to a net loss in both structures. Destabilization corresponded temporally to the emergence of exaggerated psychomotor sensitivity to cocaine. Moreover, cocaine reduced dendritic spine density in wild-type orbitofrontal cortex and enlarged remaining spine heads, but arg(-/-) spines were unresponsive. Local application of Arg or actin polymerization inhibitors exaggerated cocaine sensitization, as did reduced gene dosage of the Arg substrate, p190RhoGAP. Genetic and pharmacological Arg inhibition also retarded instrumental reversal learning and potentiated responding for reward-related cues, providing evidence that Arg regulates both psychomotor sensitization and decision-making processes implicated in addiction. These findings also indicate that structural refinement in the adolescent orbitofrontal cortex mitigates psychostimulant sensitivity and support the emerging perspective that the structural response to cocaine may, at any age, have behaviorally protective consequences. RN - EC 2-7-3-3 (Arginine Kinase) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) ES - 1529-2401 IL - 0270-6474 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2730-11.2012 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 1RL5DA024858 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - AA017537 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - CA133346 (United States NCI NIH HHS) NO - DA011717 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA027844 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - NS039475 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011717 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA015222 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 GM100411 (United States NIGMS NIH HHS) NO - R01 GM100411-01A1 (United States NIGMS NIH HHS) NO - R01 NS039475 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R01 NS039475-09A1 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R01 NS039475-10 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R01 NS039475-11 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R01 NS039475-11S1 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R01 NS039475-12 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R01 NS039475-13 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - UL1-DE19586 (United States NIDCR NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2012 Feb 15 DC - 20120307 YR - 2012 ED - 20120423 RD - 20150225 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22396406 <228. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21931459 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Petrie JL FA - Petrie, Jennifer L IN - Petrie,Jennifer L. School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, USA. jpetrie@uwyo.edu TI - Integration of pharmacy students within a level II trauma center. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 75(6):121, 2011 Aug 10. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 75(6):121, 2011 Aug 10. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3175676 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Clinical Competence MH - Communication MH - Counseling/mt [Methods] MH - *Curriculum MH - Drug Information Services MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods] MH - Faculty MH - Humans MH - Patient Care MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Self-Assessment MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Trauma Centers MH - *Wounds and Injuries/dt [Drug Therapy] KW - advanced pharmacy practice experience; assessment; interprofessional education; pharmacy education; trauma AB - OBJECTIVE: To integrate fourth-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students within a level II trauma center team to improve their patient care and professional communication skills. AB - DESIGN: PharmD students completed 2 consecutive 4-week internal medicine APPEs during the course of their fourth year, which included approximately 5 weeks working on an interprofessional trauma team. During patient rounds with the interprofessional trauma team, students provided patient care in a stepwise approach, drug information responses, patient counseling, and other services requested by team members. AB - ASSESSMENT: Ability-based outcomes (ABOs) assessment, faculty evaluations, and student self-assessment were conducted in the following areas: effective communication, drug therapy assessment and decision making, critical thinking and problem solving, and drug information retrieval. Students' mean score in these areas was 3.8 on a 5-point scale. Areas in which students needed improvement included: providing recommendations in a timely manner, self-confidence, identifying opportunity to verbally communicate with other team members, and addressing insecurities when answering drug information questions posed by the team. AB - CONCLUSION: Integrating fourth-year PharmD students within a trauma and acute surgery team and use of ABO assessment allowed for identification of areas of the curriculum in which improvements were needed, resulting in a more targeted approach earlier in the curriculum to improve students' abilities to provide appropriate and effective patient care in an interprofessional setting. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe756121 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Aug 10 DC - 20110920 YR - 2011 ED - 20120327 RD - 20150129 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21931459 <229. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21442285 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kaae S AU - Sorensen EW AU - Norgaard LS FA - Kaae, Susanne FA - Sorensen, Ellen Westh FA - Norgaard, Lotte Stig IN - Kaae,Susanne. The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Section for Social Pharmacy, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Kobenhavn O, Denmark. ska@farma.ku.dk TI - Exploring communications around medication review in community pharmacy. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 33(3):529-36, 2011 Jun. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 33(3):529-36, 2011 Jun. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Communication MH - Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Drug Utilization Review/mt [Methods] MH - General Practitioners/px [Psychology] MH - General Practitioners/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - Medication Systems/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacies/st [Standards] MH - *Professional-Patient Relations MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Pharmacy AB - OBJECTIVES: Investigation into aspects that influence outcomes of medication reviews have been called for. The aim of this study was to assess how pharmacy internship students in a Danish medication review and reconciliation model communicated with both diabetes patients and the patients' General Practitioners (GPs) when conveying the results of the review by writing letters to the different parties. Special attention was drawn to how differences in health care provider and patient perspectives of the disease as well as inclusion of the patient in the decision making process is influenced by the identified practices of communication. AB - SETTING: 18 Danish community pharmacies with The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. AB - METHOD: Number of identified drug related problems, life-world problems and solutions to these described in the letters sent to patients and their GPs were registered. Further a qualitative documentary analysis was conducted by analyzing the letters using the theory of transactional analysis, developed by Berne. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identified and conveyed drug related and life-world related problems when comparing patients' letters with GPs' letters. Whether students assumed a superior, inferior or equal role in relation to the recipient of the letter and compared whether students assumed the same role in relation to patients and GPs. AB - RESULTS: 18 pairs of patient and GP letters were analyzed. The analysis showed that students conveyed more drug-related problems to GPs than to patients. Furthermore, students assumed an equal relationship to GPs, whereas they frequently took superior positions when writing to patients. Students reported lifestyle problems both to GPs and to patients. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students in a Danish medication review and reconciliation model managed to detect and address lifestyle problems of patients to their GPs, thereby facilitating the merger of their professional-technical perspective with the life-world perspective of patients. However, patients were not encouraged to become more involved in the disease management process. ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9502-5 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20110326 DP - 2011 Jun DC - 20110505 YR - 2011 ED - 20120313 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21442285 <230. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22176287 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hazra M AU - Uchida H AU - Sproule B AU - Remington G AU - Suzuki T AU - Mamo DC FA - Hazra, Monica FA - Uchida, Hiroyuki FA - Sproule, Beth FA - Remington, Gary FA - Suzuki, Takefumi FA - Mamo, David C IN - Hazra,Monica. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. TI - Impact of feedback from pharmacists in reducing antipsychotic polypharmacy in schizophrenia. SO - Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences. 65(7):676-8, 2011 Dec. AS - Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 65(7):676-8, 2011 Dec. NJ - Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cfs, 9513551 SB - Index Medicus CP - Australia MH - Antipsychotic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Antipsychotic Agents MH - Canada MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Drug Utilization MH - Education, Medical, Continuing MH - Humans MH - *Inappropriate Prescribing/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Inappropriate Prescribing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Polypharmacy MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Schizophrenia/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - The objective was to examine effects of active interventions on physician's prescribing of antipsychotic polypharmacy. Prescriptions for patients with schizophrenia at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada were collected in 2006 (n = 648) and 2008 (n = 778). During the intervening period, a pharmacist monitored prescriptions with antipsychotic polypharmacy and contacted corresponding prescribers to provide education on risks of polypharmacy. Moreover, educational sessions on polypharmacy were presented to inpatient and outpatient teams. A three-fold decrease in the prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy was observed between 2006 (18.3%) and 2008 (6.6%). Thus, active monitoring of prescriptions with educational interventions could reduce antipsychotic polypharmacy.Copyright © 2011 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2011 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. RN - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents) ES - 1440-1819 IL - 1323-1316 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02280.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2011 Dec DC - 20111219 YR - 2011 ED - 20120306 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=22176287 <231. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22129874 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ambrose PJ FA - Ambrose, Peter J IN - Ambrose,Peter J. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. ambrosep@pharmacy.ucsf.edu TI - Educational opportunities and anti-doping roles and responsibilities for pharmacists. [Review] SO - Yakugaku Zasshi - Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 131(12):1761-4, 2011. AS - Yakugaku Zasshi. 131(12):1761-4, 2011. NJ - Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - jon, 0413613 SB - Index Medicus CP - Japan MH - Dietary Supplements MH - *Doping in Sports/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Education, Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - Health Education MH - Humans MH - Performance-Enhancing Substances MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Professional Role MH - Sports Medicine MH - Substance Abuse Detection AB - Drug use and abuse by athletes has become a common problem. Pharmacists can assist by managing the legitimate medication needs of athletes to prevent them from accidentally using a banned substance. Pharmacists can also educate athletes and the public about the health consequences of using performance-enhancing substances. Pharmacists can play a variety of roles to assist with anti-doping. Such roles include educating, advising, dispensing and monitoring medications and supplements; and working with anti-doping agencies. There are few established educational opportunities for pharmacists and pharmacy students. Educational programs in sports pharmacy and doping control need to be developed for instruction in the classroom, for post-graduate training and for experiential programs. Classroom instruction should include information about performance-enhancing substances and general principles of doping control. Student activities for an established advanced pharmacy practice experience include education on performance-enhancing substances and assay technologies, preparing and providing presentations to athletes and others regarding these substances, performing literature research on drugs and dietary supplements used to improve athletic performance, writing a monograph on these substances, and participating in doping control programs. RN - 0 (Performance-Enhancing Substances) ES - 1347-5231 IL - 0031-6903 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2011 DC - 20111201 YR - 2011 ED - 20120306 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=22129874 <232. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21953653 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Legris ME AU - Seguin NC AU - Desforges K AU - Sauve P AU - Lord A AU - Bell R AU - Berbiche D AU - Desrochers JF AU - Lemieux JP AU - Morin-Belanger C AU - Ste-Marie Paradis F AU - Lalonde L FA - Legris, Marie-Eve FA - Seguin, Noemie Charbonneau FA - Desforges, Katherine FA - Sauve, Patricia FA - Lord, Anne FA - Bell, Robert FA - Berbiche, Djamal FA - Desrochers, Jean-Francois FA - Lemieux, Jean-Philippe FA - Morin-Belanger, Claudia FA - Ste-Marie Paradis, Francois FA - Lalonde, Lyne IN - Legris,Marie-Eve. Universite de Montreal, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada. TI - Pharmacist Web-based training program on medication use in chronic kidney disease patients: impact on knowledge, skills, and satisfaction. SO - Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 31(3):140-50, 2011. AS - J Contin Educ Health Prof. 31(3):140-50, 2011. NJ - The Journal of continuing education in the health professions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - jhp, 8805847 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Computer-Assisted Instruction/mt [Methods] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Internet MH - *Kidney Failure, Chronic/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Male MH - Personal Satisfaction MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Program Evaluation AB - INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are multimorbid elderly at high risk of drug-related problems. A Web-based training program was developed based on a list of significant drug-related problems in CKD patients requiring a pharmaceutical intervention. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of the program on community pharmacists' knowledge and skills and their satisfaction with the training. AB - METHODS: Pharmacists were randomized to the training program or the control group. Training comprised a 60-minute Web-based interactive session supported by a clinical guide. Pharmacists completed a questionnaire on knowledge (10 multiple-choice questions) and skills (2 clinical vignettes) at baseline and a second time within 1 month. Trained pharmacists completed a written satisfaction questionnaire. Semidirected telephone interviews were conducted with 8 trained pharmacists. Changes in knowledge and skills scores were compared between the groups. AB - RESULTS: Seventy pharmacists (training: 52; control: 18) were recruited; the majority were women with <15 years' experience. Compared with the control group, an adjusted incremental increase in the knowledge score (22%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16%-27%) and skills score (24%; 95% CI: 16%-33%) was observed in the training group. Most pharmacists (87%-100%) rated each aspect of the program "excellent'' or "very good." Additional training and adding a discussion forum were suggested to complement the program. AB - DISCUSSION: Pharmacists like the Web-based continuing education program. Over a short time span, the program improved their knowledge and skills. Its impact on their clinical practices and quality of medication use in CKD patients remains to be assessed.Copyright © 2010 The Alliance for Continuing Medical Education, the Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education, and the Council on CME, Association for Hospital Medical Education. ES - 1554-558X IL - 0894-1912 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chp.20119 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2011 DC - 20110928 YR - 2011 ED - 20120217 RD - 20120501 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21953653 <233. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21436899 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jungnickel PW AU - Desimone EM AU - Kissack JC AU - Lawson LA AU - Murawski MM AU - Patterson BJ AU - Rospond RM AU - Scott DM AU - Athay J AU - AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education FA - Jungnickel, Paul W FA - Desimone, Edward M FA - Kissack, Julie C FA - Lawson, Lisa A FA - Murawski, Matthew M FA - Patterson, Brandon J FA - Rospond, Raylene M FA - Scott, David M FA - Athay, Jennifer FA - AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education IN - Jungnickel,Paul W. Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA. TI - Report of the AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 74(10):S11, 2010 Dec 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 74(10):S11, 2010 Dec 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3058467 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Annual Reports as Topic MH - *Education, Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - *Health Planning Guidelines MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee/td [Trends] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - United States ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Dec 15 DC - 20110325 YR - 2010 ED - 20120214 RD - 20150204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21436899 <234. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21999762 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lynch T FA - Lynch, Tom IN - Lynch,Tom. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 651 Colley Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. lyncht@evms.edu TI - Management of drug-drug interactions: considerations for special populations--focus on opioid use in the elderly and long term care. SO - American Journal of Managed Care. 17 Suppl 11:S293-8, 2011 Sep. AS - Am J Manag Care. 17 Suppl 11:S293-8, 2011 Sep. NJ - The American journal of managed care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cw0, 9613960 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aging/ph [Physiology] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Chronic Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Cognition Disorders MH - Comorbidity MH - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/me [Metabolism] MH - *Drug Interactions MH - Humans MH - *Long-Term Care MH - Polypharmacy AB - Elderly patients and residents in long term care facilities requiring pain medication often have multiple pharmacologic and physiologic factors that can impact the choice of analgesic. One particular problem with prescribing opioids to the elderly and long term care residents is that opioid safety and efficacy have not been well studied in these populations, and it may be difficult to predict how these patients will respond to opioid treatment. As people age, numerous physiological changes occur, which may affect opioid pharmacokinetics and the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Long term care residents include the elderly but also include many younger patients who require assistance for a variety of reasons, such as physical or mental disability. Many elderly and long term care patients have cognitive deficits that impede communication about their pain, thus making detection of opioid DDIs more difficult. Knowledge of the patient's medical history and current prescriptions can help guide the pain management team in the selection of treatment, help minimize the risk of DDIs, and provide these patients with the pain relief they require. There are several practice management recommendations for opioid therapy in the elderly and long term care residents, with the goal of optimizing analgesia while avoiding adverse events and drug interactions. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System) ES - 1936-2692 IL - 1088-0224 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Sep DC - 20111017 YR - 2011 ED - 20120208 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21999762 <235. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21983379 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ashor AW FA - Ashor, Ammar W IN - Ashor,Ammar W. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq. ammar_w_78@yahoo.com TI - Degree of dependence influences the effects of smoking on psychomotor performance and working memory capacity. SO - Neurosciences. 16(4):353-7, 2011 Oct. AS - Neurosciences. 16(4):353-7, 2011 Oct. NJ - Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101252453 SB - Index Medicus CP - Saudi Arabia MH - Cognition Disorders/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - *Cognition Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Memory, Short-Term/de [Drug Effects] MH - Memory, Short-Term/ph [Physiology] MH - *Psychomotor Performance/de [Drug Effects] MH - Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology] MH - *Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/cl [Classification] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/et [Etiology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: Exploration of the variable effect of the degree of smoking dependence on psychomotor performance and working memory capacity. AB - METHODS: This is a randomized, controlled, prospective study conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq from 15 January 2011 to 25 February 2011. After third stage male medical students completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence questionnaire, we randomly selected a sample of 32 students and divided them into 3 groups: 10 participants with zero score (non-smokers), 11 participants with a score of 5 or less (light smokers), and 11 participants with a score of 6 or more (heavy smokers). Choice reaction time and flicker fusion were measured by the Leeds psychomotor performance test battery, and working memory capacity was measured by the N-back working memory test. AB - RESULTS: We found significant improvement in ascending flicker fusion test in heavy smokers in comparison with non-smokers (p=0.005, confidence interval [CI] 0.99-6), and light smokers (p=0.053, CI 0.39-4.5). Heavy smokers significantly deteriorated in the 3-back task in comparison with non-smokers (p=0.006, CI 4-25.8), and light smokers (p=0.009, CI 3-24.4). No significant changes were seen between groups in the descending critical flicker fusion, the components of choice reaction time, and in 1-, 2- back working memory tests. AB - CONCLUSION: Heavy smoking (high nicotine) enhances arousal, but impairs working memory capacity. IS - 1319-6138 IL - 1319-6138 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English DP - 2011 Oct DC - 20111010 YR - 2011 ED - 20120202 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21983379 <236. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22090478 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baudonnat M AU - Guillou JL AU - Husson M AU - Vandesquille M AU - Corio M AU - Decorte L AU - Faugere A AU - Porte Y AU - Mons N AU - David V FA - Baudonnat, Mathieu FA - Guillou, Jean-Louis FA - Husson, Marianne FA - Vandesquille, Matthias FA - Corio, Marc FA - Decorte, Laurence FA - Faugere, Angelique FA - Porte, Yves FA - Mons, Nicole FA - David, Vincent IN - Baudonnat,Mathieu. Universite de Bordeaux and Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Integratives d'Aquitaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5287, 33405 Talence, France. TI - Disrupting effect of drug-induced reward on spatial but not cue-guided learning: implication of the striatal protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein pathway. SO - Journal of Neuroscience. 31(46):16517-28, 2011 Nov 16. AS - J Neurosci. 31(46):16517-28, 2011 Nov 16. NJ - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - jdf, 8102140 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animals MH - Behavior, Animal MH - Brain Mapping MH - *CREB-Binding Protein/me [Metabolism] MH - Choice Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Corpus Striatum/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Corpus Striatum/me [Metabolism] MH - *Cues MH - Cyclic AMP/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Cyclic AMP/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/me [Metabolism] MH - Discrimination (Psychology)/de [Drug Effects] MH - Gene Expression Regulation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Hippocampus/me [Metabolism] MH - Male MH - Maze Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Microinjections/mt [Methods] MH - Morphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Narcotics/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Phosphorylation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/me [Metabolism] MH - Reaction Time/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Reward MH - Signal Transduction/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Signal Transduction/ph [Physiology] MH - Space Perception/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Space Perception/ph [Physiology] MH - Thionucleotides/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Ventral Tegmental Area/de [Drug Effects] AB - The multiple memory systems hypothesis posits that different neural circuits function in parallel and may compete for information processing and storage. For example, instrumental conditioning would depend on the striatum, whereas spatial memory may be mediated by a circuit centered on the hippocampus. However, the nature of the task itself is not sufficient to select durably one system over the other. In this study, we investigated the effects of natural and pharmacological rewards on the selection of a particular memory system during learning. We compared the effects of food- or drug-induced activation of the reward system on cue-guided versus spatial learning using a Y-maze discrimination task. Drug-induced reward severely impaired the acquisition of a spatial discrimination task but spared the cued version of the task. Immunohistochemical analysis of the phosphorylated form of the cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein and c-Fos expression induced by behavioral testing revealed that the spatial deficit was associated with a decrease of both markers within the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, drug reward potentiated the cued learning-induced CREB phosphorylation within the dorsal striatum. Administration of the protein kinase A inhibitor 8-Bromo-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate Rp isomer (Rp-cAMPS) into the dorsal striatum before training completely reversed the drug-induced spatial deficit and restored CREB phosphorylation levels within the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, drug-induced striatal hyperactivity may underlie the declarative memory deficit reported here. This mechanism could represent an important early step toward the development of addictive behaviors by promoting conditioning to the detriment of more flexible forms of memory. RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos) RN - 0 (Thionucleotides) RN - 23645-17-2 (adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) RN - E0399OZS9N (Cyclic AMP) RN - EC 2-3-1-48 (CREB-Binding Protein) RN - EC 2-7-11-11 (Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases) ES - 1529-2401 IL - 0270-6474 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1787-11.2011 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Nov 16 DC - 20111117 YR - 2011 ED - 20120112 RD - 20140325 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=22090478 <237. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21981435 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Mort JR AU - Shiyanbola OO AU - Ndehi LN AU - Xu Y AU - Stacy JN FA - Mort, Jane R FA - Shiyanbola, Olayinka O FA - Ndehi, Lilian N FA - Xu, Yihua FA - Stacy, Jane N IN - Mort,Jane R. College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA. Jane.Mort@sdstate.edu TI - Opioid-paracetamol prescription patterns and liver dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study in a population served by a US health benefits organization. SO - Drug Safety. 34(11):1079-88, 2011 Nov 1. AS - Drug Saf. 34(11):1079-88, 2011 Nov 1. NJ - Drug safety PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ahq, 9002928 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Acetaminophen/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Acetaminophen/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cohort Studies MH - Drug Combinations MH - Drug Overdose MH - *Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Drug-Induced Liver Injury/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Insurance Benefits MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians' MH - Retrospective Studies MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF). ALF attributed to paracetamol is most often associated with the following features: an unintentional overdose, a single product, an opioid-paracetamol combination, duration of <7 days, and a median dose of 7.5g/day. Currently, the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol is 4g. AB - OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to determine opioid-paracetamol prescription patterns, including prescriptions exceeding the recommended dose of paracetamol (4g/day) [prescriptions and beneficiaries]; examine factors associated with receiving opioid-paracetamol prescriptions in excess of paracetamol 4g/day; and evaluate opioid-paracetamol prescription patterns for beneficiaries with liver dysfunction. AB - METHODS: A retrospective cohort study examining prescription data of 4.8 million beneficiaries from a US health benefits organization from 1 January 2009 through 31 December 2009. The main outcomes examined were daily paracetamol dose and liver dysfunction. AB - RESULTS: A large proportion (8.1%) of the 5.3 million prescriptions for opioid-paracetamol exceeded the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol (4g/day), putting over one-quarter of a million (255123 [18.9%]) of the 1.35 million beneficiaries receiving an opioid-paracetamol prescription at risk of toxicity. The most frequently prescribed products that exceeded paracetamol dose guidelines contained dextropropoxyphene and hydrocodone. Multiple factors, including type of product (i.e. dextropropoxyphene or oxycodone-containing), geographical location (Midwest), strength of the paracetamol in the opioid-paracetamol product (>325mg) and prescriber specialty (dentist, physician assistant), were associated with high-dose paracetamol prescriptions. Liver dysfunction was diagnosed in 3818 cases, and 23.4% of these beneficiaries received an opioid-paracetamol prescription in the 90 days prior to the liver dysfunction diagnosis. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Although most opioid-paracetamol prescriptions are written and dispensed for <4g/day of paracetamol, a significant portion of beneficiaries are being prescribed and dispensed excessive doses of paracetamol. Efforts to curtail this practice may involve provision of prescriber and pharmacist education, utilization of benefit manager systems to flag excessive dosing or that require confirmation of dosing, and implementation of US FDA recommendations supported by these data. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) IS - 0114-5916 IL - 0114-5916 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11593100-000000000-00000 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Nov 1 DC - 20111010 YR - 2011 ED - 20120105 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21981435 <238. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21821968 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Moriguchi S FA - Moriguchi, Shigeki IN - Moriguchi,Shigeki. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan. shigeki@mail.pharm.tohoku.ac.jp TI - Pharmacological study on Alzheimer's drugs targeting calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. [Review] SO - Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 117(1):6-11, 2011. AS - J Pharmacol Sci. 117(1):6-11, 2011. NJ - Journal of pharmacological sciences PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101167001 SB - Index Medicus CP - Japan MH - *Alzheimer Disease/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Animals MH - *Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/de [Drug Effects] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - *Drug Delivery Systems MH - Hippocampus/cy [Cytology] MH - Hippocampus/de [Drug Effects] MH - Long-Term Potentiation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Neurons/de [Drug Effects] MH - Patch-Clamp Techniques MH - Pyrrolidinones/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Rats AB - In the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, down-regulation of both cholinergic and glutamatergic systems have been found and is thought to play an important role in impairment of cognition, learning, and memory. Nefiracetam is a pyrrolidine-related nootropic drug exhibiting various pharmacological actions such as a cognitive-enhancing effect. The present study was undertaken to elucidate mechanisms underlying the action of nefiracetam on glutamatergic receptors and intracellular protein kinases. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked currents were recorded from rat cortical neurons in long-term cultured primary neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. NMDA-evoked currents were greatly and reversibly potentiated by bath application of nefiracetam, resulting in a bell-shaped dose-response curve. The maximum potentiation of 170% relative to the control was produced at 10 nM. Treatment with an inhibitor of the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor, 7-chlorokynurenic acid, at 1 micro M prevented augmentation of NMDA-evoked currents by nefiracetam. In rat hippocampal CA1 slices, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded by stimulation of Schaffer collateral/commissural pathways. Nefiracetam treatment significantly enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) with the same bell-shaped dose-response curve. Furthermore, nefiracetam-induced LTP enhancement was closely associated with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation with concomitant increase in phosphorylation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluA1) (Ser-831) as a postsynaptic CaMKII substrate. In conclusion, nefiracetam enhances NMDA-receptor function through stimulation of its glycine binding site and nefiracetam-induced CaMKII activation likely contributes to improvement of cognition, learning, and memory. RN - 0 (Pyrrolidinones) RN - 1JK12GX30N (nefiracetam) RN - EC 2-7-11-17 (Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2) ES - 1347-8648 IL - 1347-8613 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English EP - 20110806 DP - 2011 DC - 20110916 YR - 2011 ED - 20120103 RD - 20121115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21821968 <239. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21512832 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wang I AU - Dopheide JA AU - Gregerson P FA - Wang, Indriani FA - Dopheide, Julie Ann FA - Gregerson, Paul IN - Wang,Indriani. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA. TI - Role of a psychiatric pharmacist in a Los Angeles "Skid-Row" safety-net clinic. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 88(4):718-23, 2011 Aug. AS - J Urban Health. 88(4):718-23, 2011 Aug. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3157501 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Ambulatory Care Facilities/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Ambulatory Care Facilities/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Community Mental Health Services MH - Female MH - Health Services Accessibility MH - Health Services Needs and Demand MH - Health Status Disparities MH - *Homeless Persons/px [Psychology] MH - Homeless Persons/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Los Angeles MH - Male MH - Mental Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Mental Health MH - Middle Aged MH - *Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Patient Care Team/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Professional Role MH - Psychometrics MH - Referral and Consultation MH - Statistics, Nonparametric MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - Limited access to a psychiatrist prompted a collaborative practice agreement between a psychiatric pharmacist, a psychiatric pharmacy resident, and primary care physicians at the Center for Community Health, a safety-net clinic providing comprehensive care to the homeless in Skid Row, Los Angeles, CA, USA. From July 2009 to February 2010, 36 (75%) of the 48 patients referred to the psychiatric pharmacy resident met the criteria for the chart review. Twenty-six (54%) were seen for regular follow-up care over 7 months. Most referrals were for depression, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The types of drug therapy problems, pharmacist interventions, and clinical mental health outcomes are discussed. ES - 1468-2869 IL - 1099-3460 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-011-9573-6 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Aug DC - 20110818 YR - 2011 ED - 20120103 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21512832 <240. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21235617 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Zamparutti G AU - Schifano F AU - Corkery JM AU - Oyefeso A AU - Ghodse AH FA - Zamparutti, Giuliano FA - Schifano, Fabrizio FA - Corkery, John M FA - Oyefeso, Adenekan FA - Ghodse, A Hamid IN - Zamparutti,Giuliano. Department of Addiction, University of Udine Medical School, Udine, Italy. TI - Deaths of opiate/opioid misusers involving dihydrocodeine, UK, 1997-2007. SO - British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 72(2):330-7, 2011 Aug. AS - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 72(2):330-7, 2011 Aug. NJ - British journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - au9, 7503323 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3162662 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/po [Poisoning] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Codeine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Codeine/po [Poisoning] MH - Codeine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Female MH - Great Britain/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/mo [Mortality] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians' AB - WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: Dihydrocodeine (DHC) is an opioid analgesic sometimes prescribed as an alternative to other medications (e.g. methadone and buprenorphine) for opioid misuse. Its effectiveness is, however, still controversial. DHC prescription rates seem to be related to levels of DHC fatalities, possibly in relation to levels of disregard of the availability of supervised or interval dispensing of opioids, but no large-scale analysis of DHC fatalities has been carried out. We analysed here involvement of DHC in fatalities that occurred between 1997 and 2007 among individuals with a history of opiate/opioid misuse reported to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (np-SAD). AB - WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: DHC, either alone or in combination, was identified in 584 fatalities. Typical cases identified were males in their early thirties. In accidental overdoses, DHC, which had been prescribed to 45% of the victims, was typically identified in combination with other drugs, such as heroin/morphine, methadone and hypnotics/sedatives. Both paracetamol and antidepressants were more typically identified in combination with DHC in suicides. Opiate/opioid misusers should be educated about risks associated with polydrug intake and prescribers should carefully consider a pharmacological intervention alternative to DHC (e.g. methadone, buprenorphine) when managing and treating opiate addiction. AB - AIMS: Although its effectiveness is somewhat controversial, it appears that dihydrocodeine (DHC) is still prescribed in the UK as an alternative to both methadone and buprenorphine for the treatment of opiate addiction. AB - METHODS: Data covering the period 1997-2007 voluntarily supplied by coroners were analysed. All cases pertaining to victims with a clear history of opiate/opioid misuse and in which DHC, either on its own or in combination, was identified at post-mortem toxicology and/or implicated in death, were extracted from the database. AB - RESULTS: Dihydrocodeine, either alone or in combination, was identified in 584 fatalities meeting the selection criteria. In 44% of cases it was directly implicated in the cause of death. These cases represented about 6.8% of all opiate/opioid-related deaths during this period. Typical DHC cases identified were White males in their early thirties. Accidental deaths (96%) were likely to involve DHC in combination with other psychoactives, mainly heroin/morphine, hypnotics/sedatives and methadone. Both paracetamol and antidepressants were found in proportionately more suicide cases than in accidental overdoses. DHC had been prescribed to the decedent in at least 45% of cases. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Opiate/opioid misusers should be educated about risks associated with polydrug intake. More in particular, co-administration of DHC with heroin, methadone and benzodiazepines may increase the risk of accidental fatal overdose. Prescribers should carefully consider pharmacological intervention alternative to DHC (e.g. methadone, buprenorphine) when managing and treating opiate addiction. More resources are required to do prospective research in this area.Copyright © 2011 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2011 The British Pharmacological Society. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - N9I9HDB855 (dihydrocodeine) RN - Q830PW7520 (Codeine) ES - 1365-2125 IL - 0306-5251 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03908.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - (United Kingdom Department of Health) LG - English DP - 2011 Aug DC - 20110712 YR - 2011 ED - 20120102 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21235617 <241. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21319882 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cleva RM AU - Hicks MP AU - Gass JT AU - Wischerath KC AU - Plasters ET AU - Widholm JJ AU - Olive MF FA - Cleva, Richard M FA - Hicks, Megan P FA - Gass, Justin T FA - Wischerath, Kelly C FA - Plasters, Elizabeth T FA - Widholm, John J FA - Olive, M Foster IN - Cleva,Richard M. Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA. TI - mGluR5 positive allosteric modulation enhances extinction learning following cocaine self-administration. SO - Behavioral Neuroscience. 125(1):10-9, 2011 Feb. AS - Behav Neurosci. 125(1):10-9, 2011 Feb. NJ - Behavioral neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ag4, 8302411 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS262446 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3073132 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Allosteric Regulation MH - Animals MH - Behavior, Addictive/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Behavior, Addictive/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Behavior, Addictive/px [Psychology] MH - Benzamides/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Benzamides/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Cocaine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Extinction, Psychological/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Extinction, Psychological/ph [Physiology] MH - Male MH - Motor Activity/de [Drug Effects] MH - Motor Activity/ph [Physiology] MH - Pyrazoles/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Pyrazoles/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 MH - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/ag [Agonists] MH - *Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/bi [Biosynthesis] MH - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/ph [Physiology] MH - Self Administration AB - Extinction of classically and instrumentally conditioned behaviors, such as conditioned fear and drug-seeking behavior, is a process of active learning, and recent studies indicate that potentiation of glutamatergic transmission facilitates extinction learning. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of the Type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5) positive allosteric modulator 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) on the extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats with a history of intravenous cocaine self-administration. To assess its effects on acquisition and consolidation of extinction learning, CDPPB (60 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered either 20 min prior to, or immediately following, each of 10 extinction sessions, respectively. When administered prior to each extinction session, CDPPB produced a significant reduction in the number of active lever presses on all 10 days of extinction training as compared to vehicle-treated animals. When administered following each extinction session, a significant reduction in the number of active lever presses was observed on the 2nd through 10th day of extinction. Both treatment regimens also reduced the number of extinction-training sessions required to meet extinction criteria. Pre- or postextinction-training administration of CDPPB did not alter responding on the inactive lever and had no effects on open field locomotor activity. These data indicate that positive allosteric modulation of mGluR5 receptors facilitates the acquisition and consolidation of extinction learning following cocaine self-administration and may provide a novel pharmacological approach to enhancing extinction learning when combined with cue exposure therapy for the treatment of cocaine addiction.Copyright (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved). RN - 0 (3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide) RN - 0 (Benzamides) RN - 0 (Grm5 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Pyrazoles) RN - 0 (Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5) RN - 0 (Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) ES - 1939-0084 IL - 0735-7044 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022339 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - DA024355 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024355 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024355-01 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2011 Feb DC - 20110215 YR - 2011 ED - 20111220 RD - 20150205 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21319882 <242. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21849078 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - van der Voort TY AU - van Meijel B AU - Goossens PJ AU - Renes J AU - Beekman AT AU - Kupka RW FA - van der Voort, Trijntje Y G FA - van Meijel, Berno FA - Goossens, Peter J J FA - Renes, Janwillem FA - Beekman, Aartjan T F FA - Kupka, Ralph W IN - van der Voort,Trijntje Y G. GGZ ingeest/VU University Medical Center, dept, of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. n.vandervoort@ggzingeest.nl TI - Collaborative care for patients with bipolar disorder: a randomised controlled trial. SO - BMC Psychiatry. 11:133, 2011. AS - BMC Psychiatry. 11:133, 2011. NJ - BMC psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100968559 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3170590 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Ambulatory Care Facilities/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Bipolar Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Bipolar Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - Caregivers/px [Psychology] MH - Clinical Protocols MH - *Cooperative Behavior MH - Cost-Benefit Analysis MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Mental Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Middle Aged MH - Mood Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Mood Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Netherlands MH - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)/mt [Methods] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Patient Participation MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MH - Secondary Prevention AB - BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness with serious consequences for daily living of patients and their caregivers. Care as usual primarily consists of pharmacotherapy and supportive treatment. However, a substantial number of patients show a suboptimal response to treatment and still suffer from frequent episodes, persistent interepisodic symptoms and poor social functioning. Both psychiatric and somatic comorbid disorders are frequent, especially personality disorders, substance abuse, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Multidisciplinary collaboration of professionals is needed to combine all expertise in order to achieve high-quality integrated treatment. 'Collaborative Care' is a treatment method that could meet these needs. Several studies have shown promising effects of these integrated treatment programs for patients with bipolar disorder. In this article we describe a research protocol concerning a study on the effects of Collaborative Care for patients with bipolar disorder in the Netherlands. AB - METHODS/DESIGN: The study concerns a two-armed cluster randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Collaborative Care (CC) in comparison with Care as usual (CAU) in outpatient clinics for bipolar disorder or mood disorders in general. Collaborative Care includes individually tailored interventions, aimed at personal goals set by the patient. The patient, his caregiver, the nurse and the psychiatrist all are part of the Collaborative Care team. Elements of the program are: contracting and shared decision making; psycho education; problem solving treatment; systematic relapse prevention; monitoring of outcomes and pharmacotherapy. Nurses coordinate the program. Nurses and psychiatrists in the intervention group will be trained in the intervention. The effects will be measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Primary outcomes are psychosocial functioning, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life. Caregiver outcomes are burden and satisfaction with care. AB - DISCUSSION: Several ways to enhance the quality of this study are described, as well as some limitations caused by the complexities of naturalistic treatment settings where not all influencing factors on an intervention and the outcomes can be controlled. AB - TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Netherlands Trial Registry, NTR2600. ES - 1471-244X IL - 1471-244X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-11-133 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English EP - 20110817 DP - 2011 DC - 20110912 YR - 2011 ED - 20111212 RD - 20150204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21849078 <243. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21394569 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Khalili H AU - Farsaei S AU - Rezaee H AU - Dashti-Khavidaki S FA - Khalili, Hossein FA - Farsaei, Shadi FA - Rezaee, Haleh FA - Dashti-Khavidaki, Simin IN - Khalili,Hossein. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. khalilih@tums.ac.ir TI - Role of clinical pharmacists' interventions in detection and prevention of medication errors in a medical ward. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 33(2):281-4, 2011 Apr. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 33(2):281-4, 2011 Apr. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Anti-Infective Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Communicable Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Drug Interactions MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Hospital Units MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Iran MH - Male MH - Medical Records MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Middle Aged MH - Odds Ratio MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - *Professional Role MH - Regression Analysis MH - Risk Assessment MH - Risk Factors MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: Frequency and type of medication errors and role of clinical pharmacists in detection and prevention of these errors were evaluated in this study. AB - METHOD: During this interventional study, clinical pharmacists monitored 861 patients' medical records and detected, reported, and prevented medication errors in the infectious disease ward of a major referral teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Error was defined as any preventable events that lead to inappropriate medication use related to the health care professionals or patients regardless of outcomes. Classification of the errors was done based on Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation drug-related problem coding. AB - RESULTS: During the study period, 112 medication errors (0.13 errors per patient) were detected by clinical pharmacists. Physicians, nurses, and patients were responsible for 55 (49.1%), 54 (48.2%), and 3 (2.7%) of medication errors, respectively. Drug dosing, choice, use and interactions were the most causes of error in medication processes, respectively. All of these errors were detected, reported, and prevented by infectious diseases ward clinical pharmacists. AB - CONCLUSION: Medication errors occur frequently in medical wards. Clinical pharmacists' interventions can effectively prevent these errors. The types of errors indicate the need for continuous education and implementation of clinical pharmacist's interventions. RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents) ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9494-1 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20110312 DP - 2011 Apr DC - 20110711 YR - 2011 ED - 20111129 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21394569 <244. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 22035160 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Hussainy SY AU - Box M AU - Scholes S FA - Hussainy, Safeera Y FA - Box, Margaret FA - Scholes, Sandy IN - Hussainy,Safeera Y. Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, Australia. safeera.hussainy@monash.edu. TI - Piloting the role of a pharmacist in a community palliative care multidisciplinary team: an Australian experience. SO - BMC Palliative Care. 10:16, 2011. AS - BMC Palliat Care. 10:16, 2011. NJ - BMC palliative care PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101088685 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3215169 CP - England AB - BACKGROUND: While the home is the most common setting for the provision of palliative care in Australia, a common problem encountered here is the inability of patient/carers to manage medications, which can lead to misadventure and hospitalisation. This can be averted through detection and resolution of drug related problems (DRPs) by a pharmacist; however, they are rarely included as members of the palliative care team. The aim of this study was to pilot a model of care that supports the role of a pharmacist in a community palliative care team. A component of the study was to develop a cost-effective model for continuing the inclusion of a pharmacist within a community palliative care service. AB - METHODS: The study was undertaken (February March 2009-June 2010) in three phases. Development (Phase 1) involved a literature review; scoping the pharmacist's role; creating tools for recording DRPs and interventions, a communication and education strategy, a care pathway and evidence based patient information. These were then implemented in Phase 2. Evaluation (Phase 3) of the impact of the pharmacist's role from the perspectives of team members was undertaken using an online survey and focus group. Impact on clinical outcomes was determined by the number of patients screened to assess their risk of medication misadventure, as well as the number of medication reviews and interventions performed to resolve DRPs. AB - RESULTS: The pharmacist screened most patients (88.4%, 373/422) referred to the palliative care service to assess their risk of medication misadventure, and undertook 52 home visits. Medication reviews were commonly conducted at the majority of home visits (88%, 46/52), and a variety of DRPs (113) were detected at this point, the most common being "patient requests drug information" (25%, 28/113) and "condition not adequately treated" (22%, 25/113). The pharmacist made 120 recommendations in relation to her interventions.Fifty percent of online survey respondents (10/20) had interacted 10 or more times with the pharmacist for advice. All felt that the pharmacist's role was helpful, improving their knowledge of the different medications used in palliative care. The six team members who participated in the focus group indicated that there were several benefits of the pharmacist's contributions towards medication screening and review. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of a pharmacist in a community palliative care team lead to an increase in the medication-related knowledge and skills of its members, improved patients' medication management, and minimised related errors. The model of care created can potentially be duplicated by other palliative care services, although its cost-effectiveness was unable to be accurately tested within the study. ES - 1472-684X IL - 1472-684X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-684X-10-16 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20111031 DP - 2011 DC - 20111115 YR - 2011 ED - 20111123 RD - 20121109 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=22035160 <245. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21769153 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Holdford DA AU - Warholak TL AU - West-Strum D AU - Bentley JP AU - Malone DC AU - Murphy JE FA - Holdford, David A FA - Warholak, Terri L FA - West-Strum, Donna FA - Bentley, John P FA - Malone, Daniel C FA - Murphy, John E IN - Holdford,David A. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298-0533, USA. daholdfo@vcu.edu TI - Teaching the science of safety in US colleges and schools of pharmacy. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 75(4):77, 2011 May 10. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 75(4):77, 2011 May 10. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3138345 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - Safety MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - Science MH - *Teaching MH - United States MH - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - FDA; curriculum; pharmacy education; quality; safety AB - This paper provides baseline information on integrating the science of safety into the professional degree curriculum at colleges and schools of pharmacy. A multi-method examination was conducted that included a literature review, key informant interviews of 30 individuals, and in-depth case studies of 5 colleges and schools of pharmacy. Educators believe that they are devoting adequate time to science of safety topics and doing a good job teaching students to identify, understand, report, manage, and communicate medication risk. Areas perceived to be in need of improvement include educating pharmacy students about the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) role in product safety, how to work with the FDA in post-marketing surveillance and other FDA safety initiatives, teaching students methods to improve safety, and educating students to practice in interprofessional teams. The report makes 10 recommendations to help pharmacy school graduates be more effective in protecting patients from preventable drug-related problems. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 May 10 DC - 20110719 YR - 2011 ED - 20111121 RD - 20130529 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21769153 <246. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21960960 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Philibin SD AU - Hernandez A AU - Self DW AU - Bibb JA FA - Philibin, Scott D FA - Hernandez, Adan FA - Self, David W FA - Bibb, James A IN - Philibin,Scott D. Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA. TI - Striatal signal transduction and drug addiction. SO - Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 5:60, 2011. AS - Front Neuroanat. 5:60, 2011. NJ - Frontiers in neuroanatomy PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101477943 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3176395 CP - Switzerland KW - addiction; dopamine; glutamate; phosphorylation; plasticity; signaling; spines AB - Drug addiction is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by loss of control over motivated behavior. The need for effective treatments mandates a greater understanding of the causes and identification of new therapeutic targets for drug development. Drugs of abuse subjugate normal reward-related behavior to uncontrollable drug-seeking and -taking. Contributions of brain reward circuitry are being mapped with increasing precision. The role of synaptic plasticity in addiction and underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the formation of the addicted state are being delineated. Thus we may now consider the role of striatal signal transduction in addiction from a more integrative neurobiological perspective. Drugs of abuse alter dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Dopamine receptors important for reward serve as principle targets of drugs abuse, which interact with glutamate receptor signaling critical for reward learning. Complex networks of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms underlying these receptors are strongly stimulated by addictive drugs. Through these mechanisms, repeated drug exposure alters functional and structural neuroplasticity, resulting in transition to the addicted biological state and behavioral outcomes that typify addiction. Ca(2+) and cAMP represent key second messengers that initiate signaling cascades, which regulate synaptic strength and neuronal excitability. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are fundamental mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity that are dysregulated by drugs of abuse. Increased understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which protein kinases and phosphatases exert their effects during normal reward learning and the addiction process may lead to novel targets and pharmacotherapeutics with increased efficacy in promoting abstinence and decreased side effects, such as interference with natural reward, for drug addiction. ES - 1662-5129 IL - 1662-5129 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2011.00060 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110920 DP - 2011 DC - 20110930 YR - 2011 ED - 20111110 RD - 20141017 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21960960 <247. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21482061 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dohler N AU - Krolop L AU - Ringsdorf S AU - Meier K AU - Ko YD AU - Kuhn W AU - Schwalbe O AU - Jaehde U FA - Dohler, Nele FA - Krolop, Linda FA - Ringsdorf, Susanne FA - Meier, Klaus FA - Ko, Yon-Dschun FA - Kuhn, Walther FA - Schwalbe, Oliver FA - Jaehde, Ulrich IN - Dohler,Nele. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. TI - Task allocation in cancer medication management - integrating the pharmacist. SO - Patient Education & Counseling. 83(3):367-74, 2011 Jun. AS - Patient Educ Couns. 83(3):367-74, 2011 Jun. NJ - Patient education and counseling PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - pec, 8406280 SB - Nursing Journal CP - Ireland MH - Cooperative Behavior MH - *Counseling MH - Female MH - Focus Groups MH - Germany MH - Humans MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - Male MH - *Medication Therapy Management/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Nurses MH - *Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists MH - Physicians MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to define the task allocation in multiprofessional cancer medication management (MCMM) with a special focus on the role of the pharmacist as well as patient education and counseling. The acceptance of the proposed task allocation and the perceptions on multiprofessional teamwork were explored on a national level. AB - METHODS: We held local focus group meetings (University of Bonn with collaboration partners) to identify MCMM tasks. With the Delphi technique the tasks were allocated to physicians, pharmacists and nurses. Professionals (members of the German Cancer Society) were approached nationwide via an online questionnaire to evaluate the acceptance of the MCMM model and explore their perceptions on multiprofessional teamwork. AB - RESULTS: The MCMM model comprised 38 tasks including 11 on patient education and counseling. It was rated to be reasonable (79%) and feasible (68%). Barriers and benefits of multiprofessional teamwork stated were patient-, team-, therapy-, structure-, and resources-related. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The MCMM model integrates the pharmacist with responsibilities in patient education and counseling as well as prevention of drug-related problems. The approach was generally appreciated nationwide by the professions. AB - PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The proposed model can serve as a tool to trigger changes in cancer medication management.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1873-5134 IL - 0738-3991 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.03.002 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110408 DP - 2011 Jun DC - 20110613 YR - 2011 ED - 20111012 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21482061 <248. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21668757 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wakeland W AU - Schmidt T AU - Gilson AM AU - Haddox JD AU - Webster LR FA - Wakeland, Wayne FA - Schmidt, Teresa FA - Gilson, Aaron M FA - Haddox, J David FA - Webster, Lynn R IN - Wakeland,Wayne. Portland State University, Systems Science Graduate Program, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA. wakeland@pdx.edu TI - System dynamics modeling as a potentially useful tool in analyzing mitigation strategies to reduce overdose deaths associated with pharmaceutical opioid treatment of chronic pain. SO - Pain Medicine. 12 Suppl 2:S49-58, 2011 Jun. AS - PAIN MED. 12 Suppl 2:S49-58, 2011 Jun. NJ - Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100894201 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/po [Poisoning] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Chronic Disease MH - *Drug Overdose/mo [Mortality] MH - Education, Medical, Continuing MH - Humans MH - *Models, Theoretical MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Substance-Related Disorders AB - OBJECTIVE: To illustrate a system-level, simulation-based approach for evaluating mitigation strategies to address the dramatic rise in abuse, addiction, and overdose deaths associated with the use of pharmaceutical opioid analgesics to treat chronic pain. SIMULATED INTERVENTIONS: Making available drug formulations with increased tamper-resistance, prescriber education programs, and programs that reduce rates of medical user-related abuse and addiction. SIMULATED OUTCOME MEASURE: Number of overdose deaths of medical users of pharmaceutical opioid analgesics, including those who abuse or have become addicted. AB - METHODS: A demonstration system dynamics model is developed, tested, and used to evaluate the impact of candidate mitigation strategies on the outcome measures. AB - RESULTS: Tamper-resistant drug products will likely reduce overdose death rates but may not reduce overall deaths if there is increased prescribing. Prescriber education would likely reduce deaths through a reduction in patient access to pharmaceutical opioid analgesics. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The system dynamics approach may have potential for opioid-related policy evaluation. However, metrics must be carefully selected, and trade-offs may be involved. For example, it may be difficult to limit negative outcomes associated with pharmaceutical opioids without adversely affecting chronic pain patients' access to pharmaceutical treatment. Ultimately, a combination of metrics and value judgments will be needed to properly evaluate mitigation strategies.Copyright Wiley Periodicals, Inc. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1526-4637 IL - 1526-2375 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01127.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2011 Jun DC - 20110614 YR - 2011 ED - 20110926 RD - 20121115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21668757 <249. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21605361 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lacaze C AU - Kauss T AU - Kiechel JR AU - Caminiti A AU - Fawaz F AU - Terrassin L AU - Cuart S AU - Grislain L AU - Navaratnam V AU - Ghezzoul B AU - Gaudin K AU - White NJ AU - Olliaro PL AU - Millet P FA - Lacaze, Catherine FA - Kauss, Tina FA - Kiechel, Jean-Rene FA - Caminiti, Antonella FA - Fawaz, Fawaz FA - Terrassin, Laurent FA - Cuart, Sylvie FA - Grislain, Luc FA - Navaratnam, Visweswaran FA - Ghezzoul, Bellabes FA - Gaudin, Karen FA - White, Nick J FA - Olliaro, Piero L FA - Millet, Pascal IN - Lacaze,Catherine. Ellipse Pharmaceuticals, Pessac, France. TI - The initial pharmaceutical development of an artesunate/amodiaquine oral formulation for the treatment of malaria: a public-private partnership. SO - Malaria Journal. 10:142, 2011. AS - Malar J. 10:142, 2011. NJ - Malaria journal PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101139802 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3128010 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Amodiaquine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Amodiaquine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Antimalarials/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Antimalarials/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Artemisinins/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Artemisinins/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/mt [Methods] MH - Drug Combinations MH - Humans MH - *Malaria/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Public-Private Sector Partnerships MH - Tablets/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Tablets/pd [Pharmacology] AB - BACKGROUND: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is currently recommended worldwide for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Fixed-dose combinations are preferred as they favour compliance. This paper reports on the initial phases of the pharmaceutical development of an artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) bilayer co-formulation tablet, undertaken following pre-formulation studies by a network of scientists and industrials from institutions of both industrialized and low income countries. AB - METHODS: Pharmaceutical development was performed by a research laboratory at the University Bordeaux Segalen, School of Pharmacy, for feasibility and early stability studies of various drug formulations, further transferred to a company specialized in pharmaceutical development, and then provided to another company for clinical batch manufacturing. The work was conducted by a regional public-private not-for-profit network (TropiVal) within a larger Public Private partnership (the FACT project), set up by WHO/TDR, Medecins Sans Frontieres and the Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi). AB - RESULTS: The main pharmaceutical goal was to combine in a solid oral form two incompatible active principles while preventing artesunate degradation under tropical conditions. Several options were attempted and failed to provide satisfactory stability results: incorporating artesunate in the external phase of the tablets, adding a pH regulator, alcoholic wet granulation, dry granulation, addition of an hydrophobic agent, tablet manufacturing in controlled conditions. However, long-term stability could be achieved, in experimental batches under GMP conditions, by physical separation of artesunate and amodiaquine in a bilayer co-formulation tablet in alu-alu blisters. Conduction of the workplan was monitored by DNDi. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Collaborations between research and industrial groups greatly accelerated the process of development of the bi-layered ASAQ tablet. Lack of public funding was the main obstacle hampering the development process, and no intellectual property right was claimed. This approach resulted in a rapid technology transfer to the drug company Sanofi-Aventis, finalizing the process of development, registration and WHO pre-qualification of the fixed-dose co-formulation together with DNDi. The bi-layered tablet is made available under the names of Coarsucam and Artesunate amodiaquine Winthrop, Sanofi-Aventis. The issue related to the difficulty of public institutions to valorise their participation in such initiative by lack of priority and funding of applied research is discussed. RN - 0 (Antimalarials) RN - 0 (Artemisinins) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 0 (Tablets) RN - 0 (amodiaquine, artesunate drug combination) RN - 220236ED28 (Amodiaquine) ES - 1475-2875 IL - 1475-2875 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-142 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 093956 (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) LG - English EP - 20110523 DP - 2011 DC - 20110701 YR - 2011 ED - 20110907 RD - 20150204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21605361 <250. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21161883 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Franke AG AU - Bonertz C AU - Christmann M AU - Huss M AU - Fellgiebel A AU - Hildt E AU - Lieb K FA - Franke, A G FA - Bonertz, C FA - Christmann, M FA - Huss, M FA - Fellgiebel, A FA - Hildt, E FA - Lieb, K IN - Franke,A G. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany. afranke@uni-mainz.de TI - Non-medical use of prescription stimulants and illicit use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement in pupils and students in Germany. SO - Pharmacopsychiatry. 44(2):60-6, 2011 Mar. AS - Pharmacopsychiatry. 44(2):60-6, 2011 Mar. NJ - Pharmacopsychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - p49, 8402938 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Adult MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Female MH - Germany MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Nootropic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Street Drugs MH - Students MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Universities MH - Young Adult AB - INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess for the first time the prevalence and factors associated with stimulant use exclusively for cognitive enhancement among pupils and university students in Germany. AB - METHODS: A sample of 1 035 pupils (vocational and grammar schools) in small and big cities and 512 university students of 3 Departments (Medicine, Pharmacy, Economics) completed a questionnaire regarding knowledge and use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement and factors associated with their use. AB - RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence for use of prescription stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) for cognitive enhancement in pupils was 1.55% and in students 0.78%. Last-year and last-month prevalence rates were significantly lower. 2.42% of pupils and 2.93% of students reported lifetime illicit use of stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy) for cognitive enhancement with lower last-year and last-month rates. Prevalence was higher in male pupils, pupils from vocational schools and pupils with bad marks. AB - DISCUSSION: The illicit use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement is significantly higher than non-medical use of prescription stimulants among pupils and students. Stimulant use is determined by gender, school type, and school marks. The potential risks associated with stimulant use require early awareness and intervention strategies.Copyright © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Nootropic Agents) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) ES - 1439-0795 IL - 0176-3679 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1268417 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20101215 DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110324 YR - 2011 ED - 20110721 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21161883 <251. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20853103 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Borgsteede SD AU - Rhodius CA AU - De Smet PA AU - Pasman HR AU - Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD AU - Rurup ML FA - Borgsteede, Sander D FA - Rhodius, Christiaan A FA - De Smet, Peter A G M FA - Pasman, H Roeline W FA - Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Bregje D FA - Rurup, Mette L IN - Borgsteede,Sander D. Department Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. s.d.borgsteede@amc.uva.nl TI - The use of opioids at the end of life: knowledge level of pharmacists and cooperation with physicians. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 67(1):79-89, 2011 Jan. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 67(1):79-89, 2011 Jan. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - en4, 1256165 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3016212 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Netherlands MH - Opioid-Related Disorders MH - Pain Measurement MH - *Palliative Care MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Physicians MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - *Terminal Care AB - PURPOSE: What is the level of knowledge of pharmacists concerning pain management and the use of opioids at the end of life, and how do they cooperate with physicians? AB - METHODS: A written questionnaire was sent to a sample of community and hospital pharmacists in the Netherlands. The questionnaire was completed by 182 pharmacists (response rate 45%). AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists were aware of the most basic knowledge about opioids. Among the respondents, 29% erroneously thought that life-threatening respiratory depression was a danger with pain control, and 38% erroneously believed that opioids were the preferred drug for palliative sedation. One in three responding pharmacists did not think his/her theoretical knowledge was sufficient to provide advice on pain control. Most pharmacists had working agreements with physicians on euthanasia (81%), but fewer had working agreements on palliative sedation (46%) or opioid therapy (25%). Based on the experience of most of responding pharmacists (93%), physicians were open to unsolicited advice on opioid prescriptions. The majority of community pharmacists (94%) checked opioid prescriptions most often only after dispensing, while it was not a common practice among the majority of hospital pharmacists (68%) to check prescriptions at all. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Although the basic knowledge of most pharmacists was adequate, based on the responses to the questionnaire, there seems to be a lack of knowledge in several areas, which may hamper pharmacists in improving the quality of care when giving advice to physicians and preventing or correcting mistakes if necessary. If education is improved, a more active role of the pharmacist may improve the quality of end-of-life pharmacotherapy. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) ES - 1432-1041 IL - 0031-6970 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-010-0901-7 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20100919 DP - 2011 Jan DC - 20110103 YR - 2011 ED - 20110720 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20853103 <252. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21451770 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rovers J AU - Miller MJ AU - Koenigsfeld C AU - Haack S AU - Hegge K AU - McCleeary E FA - Rovers, John FA - Miller, Michael J FA - Koenigsfeld, Carrie FA - Haack, Sally FA - Hegge, Karly FA - McCleeary, Erin IN - Rovers,John. Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA. John.Rovers@drake.edu TI - A guided interview process to improve student pharmacists' identification of drug therapy problems. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 75(1):16, 2011 Feb 10. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 75(1):16, 2011 Feb 10. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3049657 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Interviews as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Pharmaceutical Services MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Students, Pharmacy KW - advanced pharmacy practice experience; drug therapy; guided interview; interview; medication therapy management AB - OBJECTIVE: To measure agreement between advanced pharmacy practice experience students using a guided interview process and experienced clinical pharmacists using standard practices to identify drug therapy problems. AB - METHODS: Student pharmacists enrolled in an advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) and clinical pharmacists conducted medication therapy management interviews to identify drug therapy problems in elderly patients recruited from the community. Student pharmacists used a guided interview tool, while clinical pharmacists' interviews were conducted using their usual and customary practices. Student pharmacists also were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the interview tool. AB - RESULTS: Fair to moderate agreement was observed on student and clinical pharmacists' identification of 4 of 7 drug therapy problems. Of those, agreement was significantly higher than chance for 3 drug therapy problems (adverse drug reaction, dosage too high, and needs additional drug therapy) and not significant for 1 (unnecessary drug therapy). Students strongly agreed that the interview tool was useful but agreed less strongly on recommending its use in practice. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The guided interview process served as a useful teaching aid to assist student pharmacists to identify drug therapy problems. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2011 Feb 10 DC - 20110331 YR - 2011 ED - 20110715 RD - 20150204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21451770 <253. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21701641 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Singh H AU - Kumar BN AU - Sinha T AU - Dulhani N FA - Singh, Harminder FA - Kumar, Bithika Nel FA - Sinha, Tiku FA - Dulhani, Navin IN - Singh,Harminder. Department of Pharmacology, Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India. TI - The incidence and nature of drug-related hospital admission: A 6-month observational study in a tertiary health care hospital. SO - Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. 2(1):17-20, 2011 Jan. AS - J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2(1):17-20, 2011 Jan. NJ - Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101552113 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3117563 CP - India KW - Adverse drug reactions; drug related problems; over the counter drug AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess and evaluate the frequency, severity and classification of drug-related problems (DRP) resulting in hospitalization in an internal medicine department of a large tertiary care hospital and to identify any patient, prescriber, drug, and system factors associated with these events. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study carried out in Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Jagdalpur. The DRP and relevant data were recorded on the personal record of every individual patient, filled during the course of treatment. AB - RESULT: A total of 3560 patient's records were analyzed. Among them118 admissions were due to DRP. The most common DRP noted was noncompliance in part of patient's i.e 55 (46.6%). Statistically significant correlations were found in the number of prescribed drugs and over the counter drugs (OTC) used by patients. AB - CONCLUSION: The DRP that attributed to hospital admission are mostly avoidable through proper patient education and strengthening the need of pharmacovigilance with little more vigilance in patient care. ES - 0976-5018 IL - 0976-500X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.77095 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Jan DC - 20110624 YR - 2011 ED - 20110714 RD - 20140113 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21701641 <254. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21577283 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Kristova V AU - Kriska M AU - Vojtko R AU - Petrova M AU - Liskova S AU - Villaris R AU - Varga Z AU - Wawruch M FA - Kristova, Viera FA - Kriska, Milan FA - Vojtko, Robert FA - Petrova, Miriam FA - Liskova, Silvia FA - Villaris, Radoslav FA - Varga, Zoltan FA - Wawruch, Martin IN - Kristova,Viera. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. TI - Trends in vascular pharmacology research in the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava. SO - Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 4(1):40-6, 2011 Mar. AS - Interdiscip. toxicol.. 4(1):40-6, 2011 Mar. NJ - Interdisciplinary toxicology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101528175 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3090053 CP - Slovakia KW - NSAIDs; adverse drug effects; cardiovascular drugs; computer-based studies; models of endothelial damage; vascular responses AB - Research in the Department of Pharmacology started to focus intensively on fetal circulation in the 60s. Results of experiments contributed to clarification of the conversion of fetal circulation type to the adult type: the mechanism of the ductus arteriosus closure, examination of fetal and neonatal pulmonary vessel responses. In the early 80s, increased attention was dedicated to fetal vascular endothelium, later on to vascular reactivity in relation to the endothelium in adult animals. We developed original models of vascular endothelial damage using the perfusion method (repeated vasoconstrictive stimuli, deendothelization by air bubbles). We developed a new technique for in vitro endothelial loss quantification on Millipore filters. Under in vitro conditions, the protective effects of sulodexide and pentoxifylline on vascular endothelium were evaluated. In recent years were studied protective effects of selected substances in vivo in models of endothelial damage (e.g. stress, toxic tissue damage, diabetes mellitus, hypertension). The role of potassium channels in the hypertension model was studied in cooperation with the Czech Academy of Sciences. Assessment of vascular reactivity in the diabetic model was significantly improved by computer. In addition to experimental work, the department is solving problems of clinical pharmacology - especially drug risk evaluation (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Recently, we have dealt with pharmacoepidemiological studies in geriatric patients and with cardiovascular risk of NSAIDs in relation to pharmacotherapy. The results of these studies may be an impulse for targeted problem solving in our experiments. ES - 1337-9569 IL - 1337-6853 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-011-0008-8 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110517 YR - 2011 ED - 20110714 RD - 20130529 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21577283 <255. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21544250 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Zaidan M AU - Singh R AU - Wazaify M AU - Tahaineh L FA - Zaidan, Manal FA - Singh, Rajvir FA - Wazaify, Mayyada FA - Tahaineh, Linda IN - Zaidan,Manal. Department of Pharmacy, Al-Amal Hospital. TI - Physicians' perceptions, expectations, and experience with pharmacists at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar. SO - Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare. 4:85-90, 2011. AS - J Multidiscip Healthc. 4:85-90, 2011. NJ - Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101512691 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3084310 CP - New Zealand KW - Qatar; expectations; experience; hospital pharmacists; perceptions; physicians AB - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicians' perceptions, and expectations of their experiences with the pharmacists at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) in Qatar. AB - METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at HMC between January and March 2006 using a validated questionnaire. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 500 physicians who were working at HMC comprising Hamad General Hospital, Women's Hospital, Rumaila Hospital, Al-Amal Hospital, Al Khor Hospital, and primary health centers. The questionnaire was composed of four parts, investigating the physicians' expectations, experiences, and perceptions of the pharmacists. AB - RESULTS: A total of 205 questionnaires were completed (response rate 41%). A total of 183 physicians (89%) expected the pharmacist to educate patients about safe and appropriate use of drugs, whereas 118 (57%) expected the pharmacist to be available for health-care team consultation during bedside rounds. The indices of physicians showing how comfortable they were with pharmacists, and their expectations of pharmacists, were 61% and 65%, respectively, whereas the index on experience of physicians with pharmacists was lower (15%). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Physicians were comfortable with pharmacists and had high expectations of pharmacists in performing their duties. However, physicians reported a poor experience with pharmacists, who infrequently informed them about the effectiveness of alternative drugs, patients experiencing problems with prescribed medications, and who took personal responsibility to resolve any drug-related problem. ES - 1178-2390 IL - 1178-2390 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S14326 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20110408 DP - 2011 DC - 20110505 YR - 2011 ED - 20110714 RD - 20130529 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21544250 <256. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21629446 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Cleva RM AU - Gass JT AU - Widholm JJ AU - Olive MF FA - Cleva, R M FA - Gass, J T FA - Widholm, J J FA - Olive, M F IN - Cleva,R M. Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA. TI - Glutamatergic targets for enhancing extinction learning in drug addiction. SO - Current Neuropharmacology. 8(4):394-408, 2010 Dec. AS - Curr Neuropharmacol. 8(4):394-408, 2010 Dec. NJ - Current neuropharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101157239 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3080595 CP - United Arab Emirates KW - AMPA; Extinction; GlyT1 glycine transporter; NMDA; allosteric modulator; cystine-glutamate exchanger.; glutamate; learning; mGluR5; receptor potentiator AB - The persistence of the motivational salience of drug-related environmental cues and contexts is one of the most problematic obstacles to successful treatment of drug addiction. Behavioral approaches to extinguishing the salience of drug-associated cues, such as cue exposure therapy, have generally produced disappointing results which have been attributed to, among other things, the context specificity of extinction and inadequate consolidation of extinction learning. Extinction of any behavior or conditioned response is a process of new and active learning, and increasing evidence suggests that glutamatergic neurotransmission, a key component of the neural plasticity that underlies normal learning and memory, is also involved in extinction learning. This review will summarize findings from both animal and human studies that suggest that pharmacological enhancement of glutamatergic neurotransmission facilitates extinction learning in the context of drug addiction. Pharmacological agents that have shown potential efficacy include NMDA partial agonists, mGluR5 receptor positive allosteric modulators, inhibitors of the GlyT1 glycine transporter, AMPA receptor potentiators, and activators of the cystine-glutamate exchanger. These classes of cognition-enhancing compounds could potentially serve as novel pharmacological adjuncts to cue exposure therapy to increase success rates in attenuating cue-induced drug craving and relapse. ES - 1875-6190 IL - 1570-159X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015910793358169 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Dec DC - 20110601 YR - 2010 ED - 20110714 RD - 20130529 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21629446 <257. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21160546 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Daig I AU - Mahlberg R AU - Schroeder F AU - Gudlowski Y AU - Wrase J AU - Wertenauer F AU - Bschor T AU - Esser G AU - Heinz A AU - Kienast T FA - Daig, Isolde FA - Mahlberg, Richard FA - Schroeder, Franziska FA - Gudlowski, Yehonala FA - Wrase, Jana FA - Wertenauer, Florian FA - Bschor, Tom FA - Esser, Guenter FA - Heinz, Andreas FA - Kienast, Thorsten IN - Daig,Isolde. Institute of Medical Psychology, Charite - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany. TI - Low effective organizational strategies in visual memory performance of unmedicated alcoholics during early abstinence. SO - Psycho-Social Medicine. 7:Doc07, 2010. AS - Psychosoc Med. 7:Doc07, 2010. NJ - Psycho-social medicine PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101227682 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3001689 CP - Germany KW - alcoholism; executive functions; organizational strategy; visual memory; withdrawal AB - OBJECTIVE: Alcohol-dependent patients in early abstinence show an impairment of cognitive functions which can be seen in poor implementation of newly learned skills for avoiding relapse. Executive dysfunction may persist during abstinence in alcohol-dependent persons, thus mitigating long-term abstinence. This study assessed visual memory function and choice of organizational strategies in alcoholics, as these are major factors necessary to implement ongoing behavior changes which are required for maintaining abstinence. AB - METHODS: We investigated 25 severely alcohol-dependent male patients between days 7 to 10 of abstinence, immediately after clinical withdrawal symptoms have ceased, compared to 15 healthy age, sex, and education matched controls. Pharmacological therapy had been terminated at least four half-lifes before inclusion into the study. Visual perceptual learning and organizational strategies were assessed with the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (R-OCF). AB - RESULTS: There were no group differences in copying or recalling the figure, but time differences occurred. Alcoholics and healthy controls performed worse in recalling than in copying. But, alcoholics used less effective organizational strategies. AB - CONCLUSIONS: There was a deficit in choice of organizational strategy in newly abstinent and unmedicated alcohol-dependent patients. Due to the imperfect organizational strategies, alcoholics might need auxiliary therapeutic care to strengthen their cognitive ability. ES - 1860-5214 IL - 1860-5214 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/psm000069 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20101214 DP - 2010 DC - 20101216 YR - 2010 ED - 20110714 RD - 20140730 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21160546 <258. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21083899 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Vallano A AU - Pedros C AU - Agusti A AU - Cereza G AU - Danes I AU - Aguilera C AU - Arnau JM FA - Vallano, Antonio FA - Pedros, Consuelo FA - Agusti, Antonia FA - Cereza, Gloria FA - Danes, Immaculada FA - Aguilera, Cristina FA - Arnau, Josep Maria IN - Vallano,Antonio. Clinical Pharmacology Service, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital-ICS, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08035 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. avallano@bellvitgehospital.cat. TI - Educational sessions in pharmacovigilance: What do the doctors think?. SO - BMC Research Notes. 3:311, 2010. AS - BMC Res Notes. 3:311, 2010. NJ - BMC research notes PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101462768 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2993731 CP - England AB - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine physicians' opinion regarding pharmacovigilance feedback sessions. A survey was conducted in a teaching hospital, and the physicians who attended the sessions were invited to participate by filling out a structured questionnaire. All sessions included a review of adverse drug reactions identified at the hospital and information on pharmacovigilance issues (news on warnings released by regulatory agencies or drug toxicity problems identified by recently published studies in medical journals). The survey questions were related to the interest, satisfaction, and belief in the utility of the sessions. A Likert scale (0-10 points) was used to assess physicians' opinions. AB - FINDINGS: A total of 159 physicians attended the sessions and 115 (72.3%) participated in the survey. The mean (SD) age was 38.9 (12.1) years, and 72 (62.6%) were men. The mean (SD) scores of interest, satisfaction with the information provided, and belief in the utility of these sessions were 7.52 (1.61), 7.58 (1.46), and 8.05 (1.38) respectively. Significant differences were observed among physicians according to medical category and speciality in terms of interest, satisfaction, and belief in the utility of those sessions. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Educational activities for physicians, such as feedback sessions, can be integrated into the pharmacovigilance activities. Doctors who attend the sessions are interested in and satisfied with the information provided and consider the sessions to be useful. Additional studies on the development and effectiveness of educational activities in pharmacovigilance are necessary. ES - 1756-0500 IL - 1756-0500 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-311 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20101117 DP - 2010 DC - 20101130 YR - 2010 ED - 20110714 RD - 20111121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21083899 <259. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21701611 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Hooper R AU - Adam A AU - Kheir N FA - Hooper, Richard FA - Adam, Abdullah FA - Kheir, Nadir IN - Hooper,Richard. Medical Services Department. TI - Pharmacist-documented interventions during the dispensing process in a primary health care facility in Qatar. SO - Drug Healthcare & Patient Safety. 1:73-80, 2009. AS - Drug healthc. patient saf.. 1:73-80, 2009. NJ - Drug, healthcare and patient safety PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101544775 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3108682 CP - New Zealand KW - interventions; pharmacists; prescribing errors AB - OBJECTIVES: To characterize prescribing error interventions documented by pharmacists in four pharmacies in a primary health care service in Qatar. AB - METHODS: The study was conducted in a primary health care service in the State of Qatar in the period from January to March 2008. Pharmacists in four clinics within the service used online, integrated health care software to document all clinical interventions made. Documented information included: patient's age and gender, drug therapy details, the intervention's details, its category, and its outcome. Interventions were categorized according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Classification of drug-related problems (DRP). AB - RESULTS: The number of patients who had their prescriptions intercepted were 589 (0.71% of the total 82,800 prescriptions received). The intercepted prescriptions generated 890 DRP-related interventions (an average of 1.9% DRPs identified across the four clinics). Fifty-four percent of all interventions were classified as drug choice problems, and 42% had safety problems (dose too high, potential significant interaction). The prescriber accepted the intervention in 53% of all interventions, and the treatment was changed accordingly. Interventions as a result of transcription errors, legality and formulary issues were eliminated from this study through the use of computerized physician order entry (CPOE). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Documenting and analyzing interventions should be a routine activity in pharmacy practice setting in primary health care services. Educational outreach visits and other strategies can improve prescribing practices and enhance patient safety. ES - 1179-1365 IL - 1179-1365 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20091130 DP - 2009 DC - 20110624 YR - 2009 ED - 20110714 RD - 20130529 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21701611 <260. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17256034 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Fine RL FA - Fine, Robert L IN - Fine,Robert L. Office of Clinical Ethics, Baylor Health Care System, and Palliative Care Consultation Service, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. TI - Ethical and practical issues with opioids in life-limiting illness. SO - Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 20(1):5-12, 2007 Jan. AS - BAYLOR UNIV MED CENT PROC. 20(1):5-12, 2007 Jan. NJ - Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9302033 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1769525 CP - United States AB - Effective pain relief, especially at the end of life, is a primary ethical obligation based upon the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, patient autonomy, and particularly the concept of double effect. The pragmatic foundation of pain management begins with a complete assessment, which incorporates "WILDA" (words, intensity, location, duration, aggravating/alleviating factors) and considers the components of total pain: physical, emotional, social, and spiritual pain. Opioids are the pharmacologic sine qua non of pain management in life-limiting illness and should be prescribed based on the severity of pain, considering the functional and psychological significance of that severity. Numerous misunderstandings present a barrier to effective pain management. These misconceptions include the idea that opioids are highly addictive, that dependence or tolerance are forms of addiction, that respiratory depression is common with opioids, that opioids have a narrow therapeutic range, and that opioids are ineffective by mouth and cause too much nausea. In reality, opioids are the safest and most effective pain medicine for most moderate to severe pain in most patients. Aspects of basic opioid pharmacology, such as dosage, route of administration, rotation of drugs, and the avoidance of toxicity and complications, should be considered when initiating and maintaining therapy. Failure to pay attention to the basic rules can lead to errors in opioid management. IS - 0899-8280 IL - 0899-8280 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Jan DC - 20070126 YR - 2007 ED - 20110714 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=17256034 <261. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21289606 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ghahremani DG AU - Tabibnia G AU - Monterosso J AU - Hellemann G AU - Poldrack RA AU - London ED FA - Ghahremani, Dara G FA - Tabibnia, Golnaz FA - Monterosso, John FA - Hellemann, Gerhard FA - Poldrack, Russell A FA - London, Edythe D IN - Ghahremani,Dara G. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. darag@ucla.edu TI - Effect of modafinil on learning and task-related brain activity in methamphetamine-dependent and healthy individuals. SO - Neuropsychopharmacology. 36(5):950-9, 2011 Apr. AS - Neuropsychopharmacology. 36(5):950-9, 2011 Apr. NJ - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - adq, 8904907 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3077264 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - *Amphetamine-Related Disorders/pa [Pathology] MH - Analysis of Variance MH - *Association Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Benzhydryl Compounds/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Brain/bs [Blood Supply] MH - *Brain/de [Drug Effects] MH - Brain Mapping MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/mt [Methods] MH - *Learning Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Learning Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Neuroprotective Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Oxygen/bl [Blood] MH - Photic Stimulation MH - Self Report MH - Time Factors MH - Young Adult AB - Methamphetamine (MA)-dependent individuals exhibit deficits in cognition and prefrontal cortical function. Therefore, medications that improve cognition in these subjects may improve the success of therapy for their addiction, especially when cognitive behavioral therapies are used. Modafinil has been shown to improve cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric patients and healthy volunteers. We therefore conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, to examine the effects of modafinil on learning and neural activity related to cognitive function in abstinent, MA-dependent, and healthy control participants. Modafinil (200mg) and placebo were administered orally (one single dose each), in counterbalanced fashion, 2h before each of two testing sessions. Under placebo conditions, MA-dependent participants showed worse learning performance than control participants. Modafinil boosted learning in MA-dependent participants, bringing them to the same performance level as control subjects; the control group did not show changes in performance with modafinil. After controlling for performance differences, MA-dependent participants showed a greater effect of modafinil on brain activation in bilateral insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortices than control participants. The findings suggest that modafinil improves learning in MA-dependent participants, possibly by enhancing neural function in regions important for learning and cognitive control. These results suggest that modafinil may be a suitable pharmacological adjunct for enhancing the efficiency of cognitive-based therapies for MA dependence. RN - 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds) RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) RN - R3UK8X3U3D (modafinil) RN - S88TT14065 (Oxygen) ES - 1740-634X IL - 0893-133X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.233 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - M01 RR00865 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) NO - P20 DA022539 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - PL1 MH083271 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01DA020726 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - RL1 DA024853 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - RL1 DA024853 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - UL1 DE019580 (United States NIDCR NIH HHS) NO - UL1DE019580 (United States NIDCR NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20110202 DP - 2011 Apr DC - 20110316 YR - 2011 ED - 20110713 RD - 20150311 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21289606 <262. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21187978 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Liu Z AU - Han J AU - Jia L AU - Maillet JC AU - Bai G AU - Xu L AU - Jia Z AU - Zheng Q AU - Zhang W AU - Monette R AU - Merali Z AU - Zhu Z AU - Wang W AU - Ren W AU - Zhang X FA - Liu, Zhiqiang FA - Han, Jing FA - Jia, Lintao FA - Maillet, Jean-Christian FA - Bai, Guang FA - Xu, Lin FA - Jia, Zhengping FA - Zheng, Qiaohua FA - Zhang, Wandong FA - Monette, Robert FA - Merali, Zul FA - Zhu, Zhou FA - Wang, Wei FA - Ren, Wei FA - Zhang, Xia IN - Liu,Zhiqiang. College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, People's Republic of China. TI - Synaptic neurotransmission depression in ventral tegmental dopamine neurons and cannabinoid-associated addictive learning. SO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 5(12):e15634, 2010. AS - PLoS ONE. 5(12):e15634, 2010. NJ - PloS one PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101285081 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3004941 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - *Behavior, Addictive/me [Metabolism] MH - *Cannabinoids/me [Metabolism] MH - Electrophysiology/mt [Methods] MH - Endocytosis MH - Long-Term Potentiation MH - Long-Term Synaptic Depression MH - *Neurons/me [Metabolism] MH - Rats MH - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/me [Metabolism] MH - Receptors, AMPA/me [Metabolism] MH - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/me [Metabolism] MH - Synaptic Transmission MH - Ventral Tegmental Area/me [Metabolism] MH - *Ventral Tegmental Area/pa [Pathology] AB - Drug addiction is an association of compulsive drug use with long-term associative learning/memory. Multiple forms of learning/memory are primarily subserved by activity- or experience-dependent synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Recent studies suggest LTP expression in locally activated glutamate synapses onto dopamine neurons (local Glu-DA synapses) of the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) following a single or chronic exposure to many drugs of abuse, whereas a single exposure to cannabinoid did not significantly affect synaptic plasticity at these synapses. It is unknown whether chronic exposure of cannabis (marijuana or cannabinoids), the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide, induce LTP or LTD at these synapses. More importantly, whether such alterations in VTA synaptic plasticity causatively contribute to drug addictive behavior has not previously been addressed. Here we show in rats that chronic cannabinoid exposure activates VTA cannabinoid CB1 receptors to induce transient neurotransmission depression at VTA local Glu-DA synapses through activation of NMDA receptors and subsequent endocytosis of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunits. A GluR2-derived peptide blocks cannabinoid-induced VTA synaptic depression and conditioned place preference, i.e., learning to associate drug exposure with environmental cues. These data not only provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic depression at VTA dopamine circuitry requires GluR2 endocytosis, but also suggest an essential contribution of such synaptic depression to cannabinoid-associated addictive learning, in addition to pointing to novel pharmacological strategies for the treatment of cannabis addiction. RN - 0 (Cannabinoids) RN - 0 (Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1) RN - 0 (Receptors, AMPA) RN - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) RN - 0 (glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2) ES - 1932-6203 IL - 1932-6203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015634 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - MOP-62951 (Canada Canadian Institutes of Health Research) LG - English EP - 20101220 DP - 2010 DC - 20101228 YR - 2010 ED - 20110705 RD - 20150205 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21187978 <263. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21272016 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kantak KM AU - Nic Dhonnchadha BA FA - Kantak, K M FA - Nic Dhonnchadha, B A IN - Kantak,K M. Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. kkantak@bu.edu TI - Pharmacological enhancement of drug cue extinction learning: translational challenges. [Review] SO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1216:122-37, 2011 Jan. AS - Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1216:122-37, 2011 Jan. NJ - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 5nm, 7506858 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS254751 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3064474 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Cognitive Therapy MH - Cycloserine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Extinction, Psychological/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - Psychomotor Performance/de [Drug Effects] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Translational Medical Research AB - Augmentation of cue exposure (extinction) therapy with cognitive-enhancing pharmacotherapy may constitute a rational strategy for the clinical management of drug relapse. While certain success has been reported for this form of therapy in anxiety disorders, in this paper we highlight several obstacles that may undermine the efficacy of exposure therapy for substance use disorders. We also review translational studies that have evaluated the facilitative effects of the cognitive enhancer D-cycloserine on extinction targeting drug-related cues. Finally, important considerations for the design and implementation of future studies evaluating exposure therapy combined with pharmacotherapy for substance use disorders are discussed.Copyright © 2011 New York Academy of Sciences. RN - 95IK5KI84Z (Cycloserine) ES - 1749-6632 IL - 0077-8923 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05899.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA024315 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024315 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024315-01 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024315-02 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024315-02S1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024315-03 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024315-04 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024315-05 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2011 Jan DC - 20110128 YR - 2011 ED - 20110621 RD - 20150205 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21272016 <264. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20825538 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nishtala PS AU - McLachlan AJ AU - Bell JS AU - Chen TF FA - Nishtala, Prasad S FA - McLachlan, Andrew J FA - Bell, J Simon FA - Chen, Timothy F IN - Nishtala,Prasad S. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. prasadn@pharm.usyd.edu.au TI - A retrospective study of drug-related problems in Australian aged care homes: medication reviews involving pharmacists and general practitioners. SO - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 17(1):97-103, 2011 Feb. AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 17(1):97-103, 2011 Feb. NJ - Journal of evaluation in clinical practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Australia MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - *General Practitioners MH - *Homes for the Aged MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Medication Reconciliation MH - *Pharmacists MH - Retrospective Studies AB - BACKGROUND: Drug-related problems (DRPs) in Australian aged care homes have been studied previously. However, little is known about the acceptance and implementation of pharmacists' recommendations by general practitioners (GPs) to resolve DRPs. AB - OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the number and nature of DRPs identified by accredited clinical pharmacists. The secondary objective was to study the GP acceptance and implementation of pharmacist recommendations to resolve DRPs. AB - METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 500 randomly selected, de-identified medication reviews performed by 10 accredited clinical pharmacists over 6 months across 62 aged care homes. The DRPs identified by pharmacists were subsequently classified by the drugs involved, types of problem (indication, effectiveness and safety) and medical diagnoses of the patient. GP written feedback on the medication review reports determined implementation of pharmacists' recommendations to resolve the DRPs. AB - RESULTS: A total of 1433 DRPs were identified in 480 of the 500 residents. Potential DRPs were frequently classified as risk of adverse drug reactions, need for additional monitoring and inappropriate choice of a drug. Alimentary, cardiovascular, central nervous system and respiratory drugs were most frequently implicated, accounting for more than 75% of the DRPs. GPs' acceptance and implementation of pharmacists recommendations were 72.5% (95% CI; 70.2, 74.8) and 58.1% (95% CI; 55.5, 60.6), respectively. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Over 96% of the residents had potential DRPs identified by pharmacists. GP acceptance of pharmacists' recommendations was independent of the drug category, but not independent of the disease category.Copyright © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ES - 1365-2753 IL - 1356-1294 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01374.x PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20100902 DP - 2011 Feb DC - 20110119 YR - 2011 ED - 20110608 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20825538 <265. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21241162 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Penning-van Beest FJ AU - Overbeek JA AU - Smulders M AU - van Spiegel PI AU - Meerding WJ AU - Herings RM FA - Penning-van Beest, Fernie J A FA - Overbeek, Jetty A FA - Smulders, Maartje FA - van Spiegel, Paul I FA - Meerding, Willem Jan FA - Herings, Ron M C IN - Penning-van Beest,Fernie J A. PHARMO Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. fernie.penning@pharmo.nl TI - Evaluation of smoking cessation drug use and outcomes in the Netherlands. SO - Journal of Medical Economics. 14(1):124-9, 2011. AS - J Med Econ. 14(1):124-9, 2011. NJ - Journal of medical economics PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9892255 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Netherlands MH - Nicotinic Agonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Nicotinic Agonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - OBJECTIVE: Several pharmacological therapies are available to help smokers quit. The aim was to investigate the utilisation and effectiveness of smoking cessation drugs in daily practice in the Netherlands. AB - METHODS: Subjects aged >18 years with a pharmacy prescription of varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or nortriptyline between March 2007 and September 2008 were identified from the PHARMO data warehouse, which includes drug dispensing, hospitalisation and other data from approximately 2.5 million residents in the Netherlands. Using an encrypted methodology, corresponding non-person-identifiable dispensing IDs were linked to a web-based system for patient-reported data collection. Corresponding pharmacists asked the subjects to participate in the study and complete a web-based questionnaire on smoking history and cessation, including utilisation of (pharmaco) therapies. AB - RESULTS: Of 2,684 invited subjects, 698 responded (26%), of whom 612 were included in the analyses. Bupropion was the most frequently used smoking cessation drug (35% of patients), followed by varenicline (28%), bupropion+NRT (12%) and varenicline+NRT (9%). Overall, 51% of patients also reported behavioural therapy. A total of 53% of bupropion users, 51% of varenicline users, 42% of NRT users and 20-40% of patients using multiple drugs reported to not smoke at the time of questionnaire. Median (interquartile range) number of days between time of questionnaire and start date of last quit attempt ranged from 271 (104-432) for varenicline+bupropion to 356 (205-518) for bupropion. Mean duration of drug use ranged from 42 to 53 days among quitters and from 19 to 42 days among relapsers. AB - CONCLUSION: In this study up to 50% of patients who obtained smoking cessation drugs at the pharmacy stopped smoking. Better access to smoking cessation drugs as recommended in guidelines will help to further decrease smoking prevalence. RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) ES - 1941-837X IL - 1369-6998 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3111/13696998.2010.551165 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20110111 DP - 2011 DC - 20110118 YR - 2011 ED - 20110608 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21241162 <266. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21450148 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Newcorn JH FA - Newcorn, Jeffrey H IN - Newcorn,Jeffrey H. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. TI - Risks and benefits of available treatments for adult ADHD. SO - Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 72(3):e12, 2011 Mar. AS - J Clin Psychiatry. 72(3):e12, 2011 Mar. NJ - The Journal of clinical psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - hic, 7801243 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Atomoxetine Hydrochloride MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Propylamines/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Propylamines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Risk Assessment AB - Several pharmacotherapeutic options, both FDA-approved and off-label, exist for the treatment of adult ADHD. The most commonly used agents include several stimulants and atomoxetine, which have demonstrated significant, though similar, efficacy for ADHD versus placebo. Treatment should be selected according to patient comorbidity profiles, cardiovascular risks, and risk of abuse of prescription medications. In this activity, treatments for ADHD with and without comorbidity are discussed, including mechanisms of action, safety risks, and the potential for substance abuse. Implementing psychosocial education in conjunction with pharmacotherapy is recommended.© Copyright 2011 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Propylamines) RN - 57WVB6I2W0 (Atomoxetine Hydrochloride) ES - 1555-2101 IL - 0160-6689 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.9066tx2c PT - Interactive Tutorial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110331 YR - 2011 ED - 20110531 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21450148 <267. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21302181 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baldwin JN AU - Scott DM AU - DeSimone EM 2nd AU - Forrester JH AU - Fankhauser MP FA - Baldwin, Jeffrey N FA - Scott, David M FA - DeSimone, Edward M 2nd FA - Forrester, Joy H FA - Fankhauser, Martha P IN - Baldwin,Jeffrey N. College of Pharmacy, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6045, USA. jbaldwin@unmc.edu TI - Substance use attitudes and behaviors at three pharmacy colleges. SO - Substance Abuse. 32(1):27-35, 2011 Jan. AS - Subst Abus. 32(1):27-35, 2011 Jan. NJ - Substance abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8808537, 101514834 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Risk-Taking MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Young Adult AB - The objective of this study was to profile and compare alcohol and other drug (AOD) use attitudes and behaviors in three pharmacy colleges. Student surveys of AOD use attitudes and behaviors were conducted at one southwestern and two midwestern pharmacy colleges. Response was 86.5% (566/654). Reported past-year use included alcohol 82.8%, tobacco 25.4%, and marijuana 6.9%. Past-year AOD-associated events included blackouts 18.2%, class or work under influence 7.8%, patient care under influence 1.4%, lowered grades or job evaluations 5.8%, legal charges 2.7%, and heavy drinking 29.0%. Family histories of alcohol or drug problems were reported by 35.5% and 13.1%, respectively. A number of significant differences in AOD use attitudes and behaviors between the three colleges were identified. Pharmacy students reported a number of risky drug-use attitudes and behaviors in this survey. Student AOD prevention, assistance, and education should be proactively addressed by pharmacy colleges. ES - 1547-0164 IL - 0889-7077 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2011.540470 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2011 Jan DC - 20110208 YR - 2011 ED - 20110511 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21302181 <268. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21085884 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ribeiro-Vaz I AU - Herdeiro MT AU - Polonia J AU - Figueiras A FA - Ribeiro-Vaz, Ines FA - Herdeiro, Maria Teresa FA - Polonia, Jorge FA - Figueiras, Adolfo IN - Ribeiro-Vaz,Ines. Unidade de Farmacovigilancia do Norte, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. inesvaz@med.up.pt TI - Strategies to increase the sensitivity of pharmacovigilance in Portugal. SO - Revista de Saude Publica. 45(1):129-35, 2011 Feb. AS - Rev Saude Publica. 45(1):129-35, 2011 Feb. NJ - Revista de saude publica PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0135043, t5x SB - Index Medicus CP - Brazil MH - *Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/st [Standards] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Pharmacists MH - Portugal MH - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/st [Standards] MH - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of an intervention to improve the number and relevance of reports of adverse drug reactions. AB - METHODS: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with pharmacists working in Northern Portugal, in 2007. After randomization, 364 individuals were placed into the intervention group (261 in telephone interviews and 103 in workshops), while the control group was comprised of 1,103 pharmacists. The following were approached in the educational intervention: the problem of adverse drug reaction, the impact on public health and spontaneous reporting. With regard to relevance, adverse reactions were classified into severe and unexpected. Statistical analysis was performed, based on the intention-to-treat principle; generalized linear mixed models were applied, using the penalized quasi-likelihood method. The pharmacists studied were followed during a period of 20 months. AB - RESULTS: The intervention increased the rate of spontaneous reporting of adverse reactions three times (RR = 3.22; 95% CI 1.33;7.80), when compared to the control group. The relevance of reporting rose, with an increase in severe adverse reactions by approximately four times (RR = 3.87; 95% CI 1.29;11.61) and in unexpected adverse reactions by five times (RR = 5.02; 95% CI 1.33;18.93), compared to the control group. AB - CONCLUSIONS: During a period of up to four months, educational interventions significantly increased the number and relevance of spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions by pharmacists in Northern Portugal. ES - 1518-8787 IL - 0034-8910 DI - S0034-89102010005000050 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English LG - Portuguese EP - 20101112 DP - 2011 Feb DC - 20101224 YR - 2011 ED - 20110510 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21085884 <269. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20607431 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Buch SJ FA - Buch, Shilpa J IN - Buch,Shilpa J. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA. sbuch@unmc.edu TI - Neuroimmune pharmacology as an emerging curriculum for pre-medical students. [Review] SO - Journal Of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: The Official Journal Of The Society On NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 6(1):68-70, 2011 Mar. AS - J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 6(1):68-70, 2011 Mar. NJ - Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101256586 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Allergy and Immunology/ed [Education] MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Premedical/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Neurosciences/ed [Education] MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - Students, Premedical AB - As science continues to evolve and expand some major areas of interest are now crossing boundaries to become multi-disciplinary in nature closely reflecting the biological processes of the organism as a whole. The fields of neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology are good examples of one such emerging inter-disciplinary area. This article is focused on developing a curriculum for undergraduate pre-medical students in the area of neuroimmune pharmacology (NIP) to empower them with the knowledge of neuroscience and its interaction with immune responses and drug interactions. This course is intended to amalgamate and put into perspective a large body of knowledge including: (1) brain function in health and disease, (2) cross talk between neural and immune responses, and (3) the pharmacology of drugs of abuse in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this course is to expose pre-medical students to the field of NIP so that they are equipped with a solid foundation in these multidisciplinary fields for future clinical/academic careers. ES - 1557-1904 IL - 1557-1890 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9229-4 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA020392 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA023397 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA024442 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA027729 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - MH-068212 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA020392 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024442 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA027729 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 MH068212 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R21 DA023397 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20100706 DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110128 YR - 2011 ED - 20110509 RD - 20151202 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20607431 <270. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20607431 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Buch SJ FA - Buch, Shilpa J IN - Buch,Shilpa J. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA. sbuch@unmc.edu TI - Neuroimmune pharmacology as an emerging curriculum for pre-medical students. [Review] SO - Journal Of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: The Official Journal Of The Society On NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 6(1):68-70, 2011 Mar. AS - J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 6(1):68-70, 2011 Mar. NJ - Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101256586 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS736089 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4698355 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Allergy and Immunology/ed [Education] MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Premedical/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Neurosciences/ed [Education] MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - Students, Premedical AB - As science continues to evolve and expand some major areas of interest are now crossing boundaries to become multi-disciplinary in nature closely reflecting the biological processes of the organism as a whole. The fields of neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology are good examples of one such emerging inter-disciplinary area. This article is focused on developing a curriculum for undergraduate pre-medical students in the area of neuroimmune pharmacology (NIP) to empower them with the knowledge of neuroscience and its interaction with immune responses and drug interactions. This course is intended to amalgamate and put into perspective a large body of knowledge including: (1) brain function in health and disease, (2) cross talk between neural and immune responses, and (3) the pharmacology of drugs of abuse in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this course is to expose pre-medical students to the field of NIP so that they are equipped with a solid foundation in these multidisciplinary fields for future clinical/academic careers. ES - 1557-1904 IL - 1557-1890 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9229-4 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA020392 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA023397 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA024442 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA027729 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - MH-068212 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA020392 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA024442 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA027729 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 MH068212 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R21 DA023397 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20100706 DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110128 YR - 2011 ED - 20110509 RD - 20160104 UP - 20160106 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=20607431 <271. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21107746 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Chen YF FA - Chen, Yuh F IN - Chen,Yuh F. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. yfchen@mail.cmu.edu.tw TI - Neuroimmune pharmacology as a component of pharmacology in medical school curriculum. [Review] SO - Journal Of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: The Official Journal Of The Society On NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 6(1):63-7, 2011 Mar. AS - J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 6(1):63-7, 2011 Mar. NJ - Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101256586 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Allergy and Immunology/ed [Education] MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Neurosciences/ed [Education] MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] AB - An introduction to the discipline of pharmacology is a standard part of the scientific foundation of medical school curricula. Neuroimmune pharmacology is a new subtopic that integrates fundamental concepts of neuroscience, immunology, infectious disease, and pharmacology. The integration of these areas is important to medical training in view of the growing concern over neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive disorders. This article introduces a submodule and concomitant syllabus for inclusion of neuroimmune pharmacology as a component of a pharmacology curriculum. The introductory lectures of neuroimmune pharmacology will concentrate on the role of the immune system in (1) schizophrenia and major depression; (2) neurodegenerative disorders; and (3) drug addiction. Emphasis will be placed on the competencies of critical thinking, problem solving, learning interest, and effectiveness of medical students. Problem-based learning and case study discussions will also be applied. ES - 1557-1904 IL - 1557-1890 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9252-5 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English EP - 20101125 DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110128 YR - 2011 ED - 20110509 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21107746 <272. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20607431 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Buch SJ FA - Buch, Shilpa J IN - Buch,Shilpa J. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA. sbuch@unmc.edu TI - Neuroimmune pharmacology as an emerging curriculum for pre-medical students. [Review] SO - Journal Of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: The Official Journal Of The Society On NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 6(1):68-70, 2011 Mar. AS - J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 6(1):68-70, 2011 Mar. NJ - Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101256586 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Allergy and Immunology/ed [Education] MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Premedical/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Neurosciences/ed [Education] MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - Students, Premedical AB - As science continues to evolve and expand some major areas of interest are now crossing boundaries to become multi-disciplinary in nature closely reflecting the biological processes of the organism as a whole. The fields of neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology are good examples of one such emerging inter-disciplinary area. This article is focused on developing a curriculum for undergraduate pre-medical students in the area of neuroimmune pharmacology (NIP) to empower them with the knowledge of neuroscience and its interaction with immune responses and drug interactions. This course is intended to amalgamate and put into perspective a large body of knowledge including: (1) brain function in health and disease, (2) cross talk between neural and immune responses, and (3) the pharmacology of drugs of abuse in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this course is to expose pre-medical students to the field of NIP so that they are equipped with a solid foundation in these multidisciplinary fields for future clinical/academic careers. ES - 1557-1904 IL - 1557-1890 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9229-4 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA020392 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA023397 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA024442 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA027729 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - MH-068212 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20100706 DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110128 YR - 2011 ED - 20110509 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20607431 <273. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20607430 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cabral GA FA - Cabral, Guy A IN - Cabral,Guy A. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA. gacabral@vcu.edu TI - Neuroimmune pharmacology as a sub-discipline of immunology in the medical school curriculum. [Review] SO - Journal Of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: The Official Journal Of The Society On NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 6(1):57-62, 2011 Mar. AS - J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 6(1):57-62, 2011 Mar. NJ - Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101256586 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Allergy and Immunology/ed [Education] MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Neurosciences/ed [Education] MH - Pharmacology/ed [Education] AB - This article provides a description of a proposed sub-module and attendant syllabus for inclusion of neuroimmune pharmacology as a sub-discipline of an immunology course that is offered to medical students during the first year of medical school. Neuroimmune pharmacology is an area of study that integrates fundamental concepts in pharmacology, immunology, neuroscience, and infectious disease. This convergent disciplinary area is of increasing importance to the foundational training of medical students, especially in view of the recognition that a variety of neuropathological processes such as demyelinating disease, drug abuse, and viral encephalitis has an immunological component. A lecture sub-module that addresses this convergent topic is proposed for inclusion as a sub-discipline of an immunology course offered as a component of a Scientific Foundations curriculum that takes place during the first 6 months of medical school. It is proposed to revisit the neuroimmune pharmacology topic area in a more clinical setting during the subsequent 14 months of study when medical students would be presented with an organ system-based curriculum. In this instructional model, basic science teaching faculty would interface with clinical faculty in presenting the topical block material in the context of different organ systems. Discussion of clinical cases related to neuroimmune pharmacology would be integrated into the organ system-based curriculum in order to highlight a translational relevance to medical practice. ES - 1557-1904 IL - 1557-1890 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9230-y PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA005832 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20100707 DP - 2011 Mar DC - 20110128 YR - 2011 ED - 20110509 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20607430 <274. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21340040 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Habibzadeh A AU - Alizadeh M AU - Malek A AU - Maghbooli L AU - Shoja MM AU - Ghabili K FA - Habibzadeh, Afshin FA - Alizadeh, Mahasti FA - Malek, Ayoub FA - Maghbooli, Leili FA - Shoja, Mohammadali M FA - Ghabili, Kamyar IN - Habibzadeh,Afshin. Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. TI - Illicit methylphenidate use among Iranian medical students: prevalence and knowledge. SO - Drug design, development & therapy. 5:71-6, 2011. AS - Drug Des Devel Ther. 5:71-6, 2011. NJ - Drug design, development and therapy PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101475745 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3038997 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Female MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Iran/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Male MH - *Methylphenidate/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Prevalence MH - Sex Factors MH - *Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult KW - Iran; medical student; methylphenidate; prevalence AB - BACKGROUND: Methylphenidate, a medication prescribed for individuals suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is increasingly being misused by students. AB - OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of methylphenidate use among a group of Iranian medical students and to assess their knowledge of methylphenidate. AB - METHODS: Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were completed by all medical students entering the university between 2000 and 2007. AB - RESULTS: Methylphenidate users' mean knowledge score was higher than that of nonusers (15.83 +/- 3.14 vs 13.66 +/- 3.10, P = 0.008). Age, gender, and school year were positively correlated with knowledge score (P < 0.05). Data analysis demonstrated that 27 participants (8.7%) had taken methylphenidate at least once in their lifetime. The respondents believed that the most common motive for methylphenidate use among youths was that it aided concentration and therefore ability to study. AB - CONCLUSION: This study indicates a relatively low level of knowledge about methylphenidate among Iranian medical students. More educational programs regarding the use of methylphenidate are required and should be focused on the student suppliers, clinicians, pharmacists, and medical students. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) ES - 1177-8881 IL - 1177-8881 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S13818 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20110203 DP - 2011 DC - 20110222 YR - 2011 ED - 20110425 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21340040 <275. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21107827 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Mengiardi S AU - Tsakiris DA AU - Lampert ML AU - Hersberger KE FA - Mengiardi, Seraina FA - Tsakiris, Dimitrios A FA - Lampert, Markus L FA - Hersberger, Kurt E IN - Mengiardi,Seraina. Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. seraina.mengiardi@unibas.ch TI - Drug use problems with self-injected low-molecular-weight heparins in primary care. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 67(2):109-20, 2011 Feb. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 67(2):109-20, 2011 Feb. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - *Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Outpatients MH - Patient Compliance MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - Primary Health Care MH - Prospective Studies MH - Self Administration MH - Self Care AB - PURPOSE: Outpatient subcutaneous therapies are becoming increasingly common. A literature search failed to find produced any studies on application problems pertaining to the self-injection of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) in a heterogeneous outpatient population under daily-life conditions. We therefore designed a study with the aim of recording drug use problems, patient satisfaction, compliance, problems arising from the injection site (abdomen vs. thigh), and residual drug volumes in pre-filled syringes used in self-injection therapy. AB - METHODS: Patients were recruited in community pharmacies by 95 trained Master's students in pharmacy. Data were collected during recruitment and by means of structured questionnaire-based telephone interviews that were carried out at the beginning and the end of the LMWH treatment. AB - RESULTS: The median age of the 213 patients enrolled in the study was 54 years [interquartile range (IQR) 39-70 years]; of these, 15.5% had their injections administered by a third person. The rate of self-reported non-compliance was 17.1%. At least one relevant problem was recorded in 85.0% of the cases. At the end of the treatment, 38.9% of the patients stated self-administration of the injections required some effort. The preferred injection site was the thigh (68.5%). An overall mean residual drug volume > 10.0% was detected for 3.9% of the patients. If residual drug was present, a median of 11.2% (IQR 8.6-17.6%) of the total drug volume had not been injected. Patients injecting into the thigh showed a higher risk of leaving residual medication (odds ratio 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.04-4.51). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Most patients had drug use problems, whereas no clear factors were associated with non-compliance, the injection site (apart from residual drug), and discomfort or effort required (apart from prior injection use). RN - 0 (Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight) ES - 1432-1041 IL - 0031-6970 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-010-0956-5 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20101124 DP - 2011 Feb DC - 20110117 YR - 2011 ED - 20110421 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21107827 <276. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20723558 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kaplan GB AU - Heinrichs SC AU - Carey RJ FA - Kaplan, Gary B FA - Heinrichs, Stephen C FA - Carey, Robert J IN - Kaplan,Gary B. VA Boston Healthcare System, Mental Health and Research Services, Boston, MA 02130, USA. gary.kaplan@va.gov TI - Treatment of addiction and anxiety using extinction approaches: neural mechanisms and their treatment implications. [Review] SO - Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior. 97(3):619-25, 2011 Jan. AS - Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 97(3):619-25, 2011 Jan. NJ - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - p3q, 0367050 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - Anxiety/px [Psychology] MH - *Anxiety/th [Therapy] MH - Conditioning, Classical MH - Fear MH - Humans MH - Motivation MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - Clinical interventions which produce cue and contextual extinction learning can reduce craving and relapse in substance abuse and inhibit conditioned fear responses in anxiety disorders. In both types of disorders, classical conditioning links unconditioned drug or fear responses to associated contextual cues and result in enduring pathological responses to multiple stimuli. Extinction therapy countermeasures seek to reduce conditioned responses using a set of techniques in which patients are repeatedly exposed to conditioned appetitive or aversive stimuli using imaginal imagery, in vivo exposure, or written scripts. Such interventions allow patients to rehearse more adaptive responses to conditioned stimuli. The ultimate goal of these interventions, extinction of the original conditioned response, is a new learning process that results in a decrease in frequency or intensity of conditioned responses to drug or fear cues. This review explores extinction approaches in conditioned drug reward and fear responses. The behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanisms of conditioned reward and fear responses and their extinction are derived from our understanding of the animal literature. Extensive neuroscience research shows that even though many mechanisms differ in conditioned fear and reward, converging prefrontal cortical glutamatergic pathways underlie extinction learning. Efficacy of pharmacological and behavioral treatment approaches in addiction and anxiety disorders may be optimized by enhancing extinction and weakening the bond between the original conditioned stimuli and conditioned responses. Adjunctive pharmacotherapy approaches using agents which alter glutamate or gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling or epigenetic mechanisms in prefrontal cortical pathways can enhance extinction learning. A comparative study of extinction processes and its neural mechanisms can be translated into more effective behavioral and pharmacological treatment approaches in substance abuse and anxiety.Copyright Published by Elsevier Inc. ES - 1873-5177 IL - 0091-3057 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2010.08.004 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Review LG - English EP - 20100817 DP - 2011 Jan DC - 20101214 YR - 2011 ED - 20110411 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20723558 <277. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21179257 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Zagar M AU - Baggarly S FA - Zagar, Michelle FA - Baggarly, Scott IN - Zagar,Michelle. College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, LA 71209, USA. zagar@ulm.edu TI - Simulation-based learning about medication management difficulties of low-vision patients. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 74(8):146, 2010 Oct 11. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 74(8):146, 2010 Oct 11. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2987286 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Audiovisual Aids MH - *Computer Simulation MH - Counseling MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug Therapy MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Educational Measurement MH - Geriatrics MH - Patient Care Management MH - Peer Review MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - Teaching MH - *Vision Disorders/co [Complications] KW - adherence; geriatrics; medication management; simulation AB - OBJECTIVE: To implement and evaluate a simulation activity and related assignments within a geriatric elective to teach pharmacy students about the medication management difficulties experienced by low-vision patients. AB - DESIGN: Students wore low-vision simulation goggles while engaging in medication management tasks. Students also reflected on their experiences in journals and developed modalities to improve low-vision patients' access to prescription information. AB - ASSESSMENT: Results of a perception survey indicated that students were able to identify and differentiate among various low-vision medication management difficulties. Students' reflections suggested that they recognized the challenges encountered by low-vision patients. All patient assistance project submissions were suitable for the targeted populations and medication management difficulties. Peer review and student feedback of the activities were favorable. AB - CONCLUSION: Through this low-vision goggle simulation exercise and other activities, students were able to identify the medication management difficulties encountered by low-vision patients and propose solutions to their drug information access problems. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2010 Oct 11 DC - 20101223 YR - 2010 ED - 20110331 RD - 20150205 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21179257 <278. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20833617 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rose VJ AU - Raymond HF FA - Rose, Valerie J FA - Raymond, H Fisher IN - Rose,Valerie J. Rose Associates Public and Community Health Consulting, Oakland, CA 94602, USA. vjkrose@gmail.com TI - Evaluation of nonprescription syringe sales in San Francisco. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 50(5):595-9, 2010 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 50(5):595-9, 2010 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Commerce MH - Data Collection MH - Female MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Needles/ec [Economics] MH - *Needles MH - Nonprescription Drugs MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacies MH - *Pharmacists MH - San Francisco MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Syringes MH - Time Management AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the experiences, practices, and challenges associated with nonprescription syringe sales (NPSS) among pharmacists whose pharmacies were enrolled in the Disease Prevention Demonstration Project in San Francisco, CA. AB - METHODS: Self-administered survey mailed to 69 pharmacies and interviews with pharmacists and technicians. AB - RESULTS: A total of 55 of 69 pharmacies (80%) returned the survey, and eight pharmacy managers and three pharmacy technicians were interviewed in person. Of pharmacists, 72% reported none or very few problems with NPSS in the previous year, although surveys and interviews illustrated challenges associated with NPSS in terms of time management, educating patients about syringe disposal, and understanding patient preferences for syringes. Of pharmacists, 62% reported NPSS to no more than 10 to 20 patients per week and 67% collected more than 400 syringes in the previous year. One-third of pharmacists perceived that their pharmacies were located in areas where drug activity was high and that the majority of NPSS patients injected illegal drugs. AB - CONCLUSION: Access to sterile syringes is a prominent public health issue, and pharmacists can play an important role in injection drug user (IDU) education and disease prevention. This evaluation suggests that pharmacies are selling nonprescription syringes to individuals perceived to be IDUs with no major problems. Additional evaluations from health department programs are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of NPSS in California. RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09033 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Sep-Oct DC - 20100913 YR - 2010 ED - 20110322 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20833617 <279. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 21088737 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hudgens JR AU - Chirico MJ FA - Hudgens, Julie Rafferty FA - Chirico, Mark J IN - Hudgens,Julie Rafferty. Belmont University School of Pharmacy, Gordon E. Inman College of Health Sciences and Nursing, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. julie.hudgens@belmont.edu TI - A course introducing the principles of pharmaceutical care. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 74(7):131, 2010 Sep 10. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 74(7):131, 2010 Sep 10. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2972526 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Educational Measurement MH - Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Feedback, Psychological MH - Humans MH - *Pharmaceutical Services MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - Problem-Based Learning/mt [Methods] MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Tennessee KW - assessment; curriculum; learner evaluation; pharmaceutical care AB - OBJECTIVES: To develop, implement, and assess a course that introduces students to the process and application of pharmaceutical care. AB - DESIGN: The course was offered to students in the third semester of the PharmD curriculum. The course's ability outcomes were to integrate and apply scientific and therapeutic knowledge in the delivery of evidence-based pharmaceutical care, and to develop the skills of a professional, lifelong learner. AB - ASSESSMENT: The students successfully applied the information learned in this course to the practice of pharmaceutical care. The 3 components of the course that appeared to be the most challenging were identifying drug-therapy problems, creating compound goals, and creating a care plan. AB - CONCLUSION: This course was effective in meeting ability-based outcomes. The assessment data helped the instructors determine what changes should be made to increase the course's success when it is offered again. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Sep 10 DC - 20101122 YR - 2010 ED - 20110321 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21088737 <280. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20924877 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Arria AM AU - DuPont RL FA - Arria, Amelia M FA - DuPont, Robert L IN - Arria,Amelia M. Department of Family Science, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA. TI - Nonmedical prescription stimulant use among college students: why we need to do something and what we need to do. SO - Journal of Addictive Diseases. 29(4):417-26, 2010 Oct. AS - J Addict Dis. 29(4):417-26, 2010 Oct. NJ - Journal of addictive diseases PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - a0y, 9107051 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS203315 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2951617 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Communication MH - Consumer Health Information MH - Drug Industry/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Drug and Narcotic Control/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Humans MH - *Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Professional Role MH - Self Medication/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Self Medication/td [Trends] MH - *Students/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Universities AB - This article summarizes recent research findings on nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and outlines a multi-pronged strategic approach for responding to this unique problem among college students. Students, health professionals, parents, the pharmaceutical industry, and institutions of higher education all play roles in this response. Moreover, the academic community should view the translation of research findings as an important responsibility that can help dispel the myths often perpetuated in the media. The nonmedical use of prescription stimulants is a complex behavior and should be viewed in the larger context of alcohol and drug involvement among young adults. Strategies to reduce nonmedical use of prescription stimulants might have direct application to the abuse of other prescription drugs, including opiates. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1545-0848 IL - 1055-0887 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2010.509273 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R01 DA014845 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01DA14845 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R56 DA014845 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2010 Oct DC - 20101006 YR - 2010 ED - 20110207 RD - 20141202 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20924877 <281. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20229029 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Eichenberger PM AU - Lampert ML AU - Kahmann IV AU - van Mil JW AU - Hersberger KE FA - Eichenberger, Patrick M FA - Lampert, Markus L FA - Kahmann, Irene Vogel FA - van Mil, J W Foppe FA - Hersberger, Kurt E IN - Eichenberger,Patrick M. Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, Pharmazentrum, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. TI - Classification of drug-related problems with new prescriptions using a modified PCNE classification system. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 32(3):362-72, 2010 Jun. AS - Pharm World Sci. 32(3):362-72, 2010 Jun. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/cl [Classification] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/cl [Classification] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - Prospective Studies MH - Switzerland MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVES: To explore and classify drug-related problems (DRPs) with new prescriptions detected in community pharmacies using a modified PCNE (Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe) classification system. AB - SETTING: Sixty-four Swiss community pharmacies offering internships for pharmacy students. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence, nature and pharmacist's management of DRPs. AB - METHODS: Fifth-year pharmacy students collected consecutively hospital discharge and primary care prescriptions. After training, they documented clinical and technical DRPs, causes and interventions. AB - RESULTS: Prescriptions of 616 patients (43.0% discharged from hospital) were analysed. The patients' median age was 56 years and they received a median of 3 (range 2-19) different drugs. In 121 (19.6%) prescriptions 141 clinical DRPs were detected. The most frequent clinical DRPs were potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) (37.6%), drug choice (24.8%) and drug use problems (15.6%). These clinical DRPs led to a total of 299 interventions. There were 222 prescriptions (36.0%) that showed 278 technical DRPs, resulting in a total of 417 interventions. Most frequent technical DRPs were missing or unclear package size or therapy duration (32.7%) and missing or unclear dosing/application instructions (30.9%). Most DRPs (75.4%) could be managed by the pharmacist alone. The number of prescribed drugs was the main factor with an influence on the frequency of clinical and technical DRPs. AB - CONCLUSION: Clinical and technical DRPs are frequently observed in primary care as well as in hospital discharge prescriptions. The modified PCNE classification system, especially the amendment with a technical DRP category, proved to be useful and allowed the classification of all DRPs. Neither the setting (hospital discharge vs. primary care) nor the quality of electronically printed prescriptions, but only the number of prescribed drugs influenced the occurrence of clinical or technical DRPs. ES - 1573-739X IL - 0928-1231 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-010-9377-x PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20100313 DP - 2010 Jun DC - 20100521 YR - 2010 ED - 20110126 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20229029 <282. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20798796 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Panthee S AU - Panthee B AU - Shakya SR AU - Panthee N AU - Bhandari DR AU - Bell JS FA - Panthee, Suresh FA - Panthee, Bimala FA - Shakya, Sabin Raj FA - Panthee, Nirmal FA - Bhandari, Dhaka Ram FA - Bell, J Simon IN - Panthee,Suresh. Department of Pharmacy, Kathmandu University, Nepal. TI - Nepalese pharmacy students' perceptions regarding mental disorders and pharmacy education. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 74(5), 2010 Jun 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 74(5), 2010 Jun 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2907854 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Achievement MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Mental Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Nepal MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] KW - attitude of health personnel; mental disorders; mental health; pharmacy students AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine Nepalese pharmacy students' perceptions of whether mental disorders impact performance in pharmacy school. AB - METHOD: All first- and third-year undergraduate pharmacy students (n=226) in Nepal were invited to complete a modified version of the Mental Illness Performance Scale. AB - RESULTS: Among the 200 respondents (response rate 88.5%), 14% reported that they had a mental disorder. The majority (92%) of third-year students agreed or strongly agreed that depression would interfere with a student's academic performance. Almost half of first-year students agreed or strongly agreed that alcohol or drug abuse would be grounds for both rejecting an applicant from pharmacy school (49%) and dismissal of a student from pharmacy school (46%). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Students perceived a high level of academic impairment associated with mental disorders, but the majority did not perceive that mental disorders were grounds for dismissal from or rejection of entry to pharmacy school. Students' attitudes may discourage them from seeking help or providing mental health support to others. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 DI - 89 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Jun 15 DC - 20100827 YR - 2010 ED - 20110120 RD - 20141203 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20798796 <283. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20838174 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Becker J AU - Mendez-Quigley T AU - Phillips M FA - Becker, Julie FA - Mendez-Quigley, Teresa FA - Phillips, Maureen IN - Becker,Julie. Women's Health & Environmental Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19130, USA. becker.julie@gmail.com TI - Nursing role in the pharmaceutical life cycle. SO - Nursing Administration Quarterly. 34(4):297-305, 2010 Oct-Dec. AS - Nurs Adm Q. 34(4):297-305, 2010 Oct-Dec. NJ - Nursing administration quarterly PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - oae, 7703976 SB - Nursing Journal CP - United States MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Environmental Exposure MH - Green Chemistry Technology/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Nurse's Role MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ch [Chemistry] MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/me [Metabolism] MH - Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Prescription Drugs/ch [Chemistry] MH - Prescription Drugs/me [Metabolism] MH - *Water Pollution, Chemical/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Water Purification/mt [Methods] MH - Water Supply/an [Analysis] AB - Biologically active, nontherapeutic levels of pharmaceuticals have been detected in waterways and effluent. Although the vast majority of releases stem from human or animal excretion and production effluent, some come from disposal practices. Studies have demonstrated numerous links between environmental exposures from pharmaceutical compounds and their impact upon aquatic life. Nurses need to be aware of this issue since their roles in health care are expanding and considered among the most trusted. Throughout the life cycle of pharmaceuticals (design, approval/regulation, production, use, and discharge/disposal), nursing can play pivotal roles in reducing and eliminating pharmaceutical waste as well as improving public safety through decreasing poisoning and drug abuse. This article discusses the environmental impact of the pharmaceutical life cycle and what roles nurses have as clinicians, educators, advocates, and researchers. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1550-5103 IL - 0363-9568 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0b013e3181f5640a PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Oct-Dec DC - 20100914 YR - 2010 ED - 20110106 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20838174 <284. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20535451 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Celebi N AU - Kirchhoff K AU - Lammerding-Koppel M AU - Riessen R AU - Weyrich P FA - Celebi, N FA - Kirchhoff, K FA - Lammerding-Koppel, M FA - Riessen, R FA - Weyrich, Peter IN - Celebi,N. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tubingen, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tubingen, Germany. TI - Medical clerkships do not reduce common prescription errors among medical students. SO - Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology. 382(2):171-6, 2010 Aug. AS - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 382(2):171-6, 2010 Aug. NJ - Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ntq, 0326264 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - *Clinical Clerkship/mt [Methods] MH - Clinical Clerkship/st [Standards] MH - Clinical Competence/st [Standards] MH - Curriculum MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - Germany MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Problem-Based Learning/mt [Methods] MH - Problem-Based Learning/st [Standards] MH - *Students, Medical AB - Prescribing correctly represents one of the most essential skills of a doctor when it comes to patient safety. Unfortunately, prescribing errors still account for a large proportion of avoidable drug-related problems (DRP). Despite this shortcoming, many medical schools do not provide specific prescribing training and assume that students acquire sufficient prescribing skills during regular medical clerkships. We therefore investigated whether there is an association between the individual time spent by students in internal-medicine clerkships and the number of prescription errors committed in a standardized prescribing test for common drug-related problems in a medical inpatient setting. Seventy-four fifth-year medical students (25 +/- 3 yrs, 24 m, 50 f) who had completed their formal pharmacology training filled in prescription charts for two standardized patient paper cases. The charts were rated by two blinded consultants from the field of internal medicine using a checklist for common prescription errors. Students were divided into three groups according to the number of weeks previously spent in internal-medicine clerkships. Group differences in the number of prescription errors made were subsequently examined. Students committed 69% +/- 12% of all possible prescription mistakes. There was no significant difference between the group without clerkships in internal medicine (G1) (71 +/- 9%), the group with one to four weeks (G2) (67 +/- 15%), and the group with more than five weeks of clerkships (G3) (71 +/- 10%), p = .76. Medical students do not seem to acquire the necessary skills to avoid common prescription errors during regular clerkships in internal medicine. This study provides evidence to suggest that specific prescription training within medical education is warranted in order to prevent DRP. ES - 1432-1912 IL - 0028-1298 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-010-0530-9 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20100610 DP - 2010 Aug DC - 20100716 YR - 2010 ED - 20101129 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20535451 <285. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20621862 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - Report of the 2010 APhA House of Delegates: actions of the legislative body of the American Pharmacists Association. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 50(4):471-2, 2010 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 50(4):471-2, 2010 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Advertising as Topic MH - Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Education, Pharmacy/st [Standards] MH - Electronic Prescribing/st [Standards] MH - Government Regulation MH - Health Promotion/mt [Methods] MH - Health Records, Personal MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists/es [Ethics] MH - Pharmacists/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Pharmacogenetics/mt [Methods] MH - Precision Medicine MH - *Professional Practice/st [Standards] MH - Professional Practice/td [Trends] MH - *Professional Role MH - *Societies, Pharmaceutical MH - Substance-Related Disorders MH - Tobacco Industry/ec [Economics] MH - Tobacco Industry/es [Ethics] MH - United States ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10525 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Jul-Aug DC - 20100712 YR - 2010 ED - 20101115 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20621862 <286. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20621859 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Thomas RA AU - Voytilla R AU - Knutson AR FA - Thomas, Renee Ahrens FA - Voytilla, Randall FA - Knutson, Alison R IN - Thomas,Renee Ahrens. RBT Consulting, Herndon, VA, USA. rthomasrx@gmail.com TI - APhA2010 House of Delegates: paving the way for the profession's best practices. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 50(4):450-8, 2010 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 50(4):450-8, 2010 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Advertising as Topic MH - Biological Products/ec [Economics] MH - Confidentiality/es [Ethics] MH - Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Education, Pharmacy/st [Standards] MH - Electronic Prescribing/st [Standards] MH - Government Regulation MH - Health Promotion/mt [Methods] MH - Health Records, Personal MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists/es [Ethics] MH - Pharmacists/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Pharmacogenetics/mt [Methods] MH - Precision Medicine MH - *Professional Practice/st [Standards] MH - Professional Practice/td [Trends] MH - *Professional Role MH - *Societies, Pharmaceutical MH - Substance-Related Disorders MH - Tobacco Industry/ec [Economics] MH - Tobacco Industry/es [Ethics] MH - United States RN - 0 (Biological Products) ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10522 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Jul-Aug DC - 20100712 YR - 2010 ED - 20101115 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20621859 <287. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20622411 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sinha DN AU - Singh G AU - Gupta PC AU - Pednekar M AU - Warrn CW AU - Asma S AU - Lee J FA - Sinha, D N FA - Singh, G FA - Gupta, P C FA - Pednekar, M FA - Warrn, C W FA - Asma, S FA - Lee, J IN - Sinha,D N. School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India. TI - Linking India Global Health Professions Student Survey data to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. SO - Indian Journal of Cancer. 47 Suppl 1:30-4, 2010 Jul. AS - Indian J Cancer. 47 Suppl 1:30-4, 2010 Jul. NJ - Indian journal of cancer PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ghy, 0112040 SB - Index Medicus CP - India MH - Counseling MH - *Health Occupations MH - *Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - India/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Students/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco Industry/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *World Health Organization AB - The 2003 India Tobacco Control Act (ITCA) includes provisions designed to reduce tobacco consumption and protect citizens from exposure to secondhand smoke. India ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) on February 27, 2005. The WHO FCTC is the world's first public health treaty that aims to promote and protect public health and reduce the devastating health and economic impact of tobacco. The Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) was developed to track tobacco use among third-year dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy students across countries. Data from the dental (2005), medical (2006), nursing(2007), and pharmacy (2008) GHPSS conducted in India showed high prevalence of tobacco use and a general lack of training by health professionals in patient cessation counseling techniques. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare could use this information to monitor and evaluate the existing tobacco control program effort in India as well as to develop and implement new tobacco control program initiatives. ES - 1998-4774 IL - 0019-509X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.65177 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Jul DC - 20100712 YR - 2010 ED - 20101105 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20622411 <288. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20935418 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Oshikoya KA AU - Senbanjo IO FA - Oshikoya, K A FA - Senbanjo, I O IN - Oshikoya,K A. Pharmacology Department, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. med_modhospital@yahoo.com TI - Providing safe medicines for children in Nigeria: The impediments and remedies. [Review] SO - Annals of African Medicine. 9(4):203-12, 2010 Oct-Dec. AS - Ann Afr Med. 9(4):203-12, 2010 Oct-Dec. NJ - Annals of African medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101231417 SB - Index Medicus CP - Nigeria MH - Child MH - *Drug Information Services MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Humans MH - Nigeria MH - *Pediatrics MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians' AB - Promoting safety of medicines for children is a global concern which has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to launch a campaign of "Making Medicines Child Size". Children in Nigeria were once victims of unethical clinical medicine trials and repeated victims of use of fake and adulterated medicines. Considering the magnitude of harms children had suffered in Nigeria from the use of medicines, there is a need for literature review to identify the factors preventing children from accessing safe medicines and to suggest remedies to the problems. Lack of access to up- to- date medicine information, lack of training and research in pediatric clinical pharmacology, deficiencies in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching of medicine risk management and clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, irrational medicine use due to lack of pediatric focus on essential medicine list and inappropriate home storage of medicines by parents, lack of evidence- based medicine (EBM) practice, lack of national adverse drug reaction surveillance among children, and weak national drug policies were the major problems identified. It is to be hoped that development and provision of a pediatric national drug formulary for health professionals in Nigeria, creating a comprehensive national pediatric drug research network in collaborations with developed countries, reviewing the undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum in pediatrics to include teaching of basic elements of rational prescribing, drug dose calculations, adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance, increasing access to essential medicines for children, postgraduate teaching of EBM, and strengthening of the national drug policies would improve children's access to safe medicines in Nigeria. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) ES - 0975-5764 IL - 0975-5764 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1596-3519.70954 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2010 Oct-Dec DC - 20101011 YR - 2010 ED - 20101022 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20935418 <289. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20565872 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hohmann C AU - Radziwill R AU - Klotz JM AU - Jacobs AH FA - Hohmann, Carina FA - Radziwill, Roland FA - Klotz, Juergen M FA - Jacobs, Andreas H IN - Hohmann,Carina. Klinikum Fulda gAG, Department of Neurology, Pacelliallee 4, 36043 Fulda, Germany. carina.hohmann@klinikum-fulda.de TI - Health-related quality of life after ischemic stroke: the impact of pharmaceutical interventions on drug therapy (pharmaceutical care concept). SO - Health & Quality of Life Outcomes. 8:59, 2010. AS - Health Qual Life Outcomes. 8:59, 2010. NJ - Health and quality of life outcomes PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101153626 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2894785 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Brain Ischemia/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Brain Ischemia/th [Therapy] MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Germany MH - Health Status Indicators MH - Humans MH - Ischemic Attack, Transient/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Quality Assurance, Health Care MH - *Quality of Life MH - Risk Factors MH - *Stroke/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Stroke/th [Therapy] AB - BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after stroke is an important healthcare measure. Pharmaceutical Care (PC) is an evolving concept to optimize drug-therapy, minimize drug-related problems, and improve HRQoL of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PC on HRQoL, as determined by Short Form 36 (SF-36) among patients after TIA or ischemic stroke one-year following their initial entry in hospital. AB - METHODS: Patients were assigned to either an intervention (IG) or a control group (CG). The individual assignment of the patient to IG or CG depended on the community pharmacy to which the patients were assigned for care. Community pharmacies either delivered standard care (CG) or provided intensified PC (IG). Pharmacists who are members of the "Quality Assurance Working Group" (QAWG) provided PC for patients in IG. AB - RESULTS: 255 patients were recruited (IG: n = 90; CG: n = 165) between 06/2004 to 01/2007. During the study, the HRQoL of the patients in IG did not change significantly. In the CG, a significant decrease in the HRQoL was observed in 7/8 subscales and in both summary measures of SF-36. AB - CONCLUSIONS: This is the first follow-up study in Germany involving a major community hospital, rehabilitation hospitals, community pharmacies and general practitioners investigating the impact of PC on HRQoL of patients after ischemic stroke. Our findings indicate that an intensified education and care of patients after ischemic stroke by dedicated pharmacists based on a concept of PC may maintain the HRQoL of IG patients. ES - 1477-7525 IL - 1477-7525 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-59 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20100618 DP - 2010 DC - 20100701 YR - 2010 ED - 20101020 RD - 20141203 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20565872 <290. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20549568 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cooper EN AU - Dodson C AU - Stopka TJ AU - Riley ED AU - Garfein RS AU - Bluthenthal RN FA - Cooper, Erin N FA - Dodson, Chaka FA - Stopka, Thomas J FA - Riley, Elise D FA - Garfein, Richard S FA - Bluthenthal, Ricky N IN - Cooper,Erin N. Urban Community Research Center, Sociology Department, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 East Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747, USA. TI - Pharmacy participation in non-prescription syringe sales in Los Angeles and San Francisco counties, 2007. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 87(4):543-52, 2010 Jul. AS - J Urban Health. 87(4):543-52, 2010 Jul. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2900565 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Health Care Surveys MH - Hepatitis C/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Los Angeles MH - *Needle-Exchange Programs/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - San Francisco MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous AB - Increasing sterile syringe access for injection drug users (IDUs) is one way to prevent HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in this population. In 2005, California Senate Bill 1159 allowed counties to adopt the Disease Prevention Demonstration Project (DPDP). Where enacted, the DPDP allows pharmacies that register with the county to sell up to ten syringes to adults without a prescription. In the current study, we describe pharmacy participation in nonprescription syringe sales (NPSS) in two counties in California and examine factors associated with NPSS. Telephone and in-person interviews were conducted in Los Angeles (LA) and San Francisco (SF) with 238 pharmacies in 2007 (n = 67 in SF; n = 171 in LA). Quantitative survey items captured pharmacy registration with the county, pharmacy policies/practices, episodes and conditions of NPSS and refusals to sell, potential negative consequences of NPSS, and staff attitudes regarding HIV and HCV prevention for IDUs. Overall, 42% of pharmacies reported NPSS (28% in LA and 81% in SF), although only 34% had registered with the county (17% in LA and 76% in SF). Many pharmacies required proof of a medical condition (80% in LA and 30% in SF) and refused NPSS if the customer was a suspected IDU (74% in LA, 33% in SF). Few negative consequences of NPSS were reported. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the odds of NPSS were significantly higher among pharmacists who thought syringe access was important for preventing HIV among IDUs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-7.92], were chain pharmacies (AOR = 12.5; 95% CI = 4.55-33.33), and were located in SF (AOR = 4.88; 95% CI = 1.94-12.28). These results suggest that NPSS were influenced by pharmacists' perception. NPSS might be increased through greater educational efforts directed at pharmacists, particularly those in non-chain pharmacies. ES - 1468-2869 IL - 1099-3460 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9483-z PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2010 Jul DC - 20100709 YR - 2010 ED - 20101019 RD - 20141203 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20549568 <291. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20535641 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Garfein RS AU - Stopka TJ AU - Pavlinac PB AU - Ross A AU - Haye BK AU - Riley ED AU - Bluthenthal RN FA - Garfein, Richard S FA - Stopka, Thomas J FA - Pavlinac, Patricia B FA - Ross, Alessandra FA - Haye, B Karen FA - Riley, Elise D FA - Bluthenthal, Ricky N IN - Garfein,Richard S. Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. rgarfein@ucsd.edu TI - Three years after legalization of nonprescription pharmacy syringe sales in California: where are we now?. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 87(4):576-85, 2010 Jul. AS - J Urban Health. 87(4):576-85, 2010 Jul. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2900579 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - California MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Hepatitis C/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - *Needle-Exchange Programs/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Needle-Exchange Programs/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous AB - In January 2005, passage of California Senate Bill 1159 enabled California's county or city governments to establish disease prevention demonstration projects (DPDPs) through which pharmacies could subsequently register to legally sell up to 10 syringes to adults without a prescription. California's 61 local health jurisdictions (LHJs) were surveyed annually in 2005-2007 to monitor the progress of DPDP implementation and assess program coverage, facilitators, and barriers. Completed surveys were returned by mail, fax, e-mail, phone, or internet. We analyzed 2007 survey data to describe current DPDP status; data from all years were analyzed for trends in approval and implementation status. By 2007, 17 (27.9%) LHJs approved DPDPs, of which 14 (82.4%) had registered 532 (17.8%) of the 2,987 pharmacies in these 14 LHJs. Although only three LHJs added DPDPs since 2006, the number of registered pharmacies increased 102% from 263 previously reported. Among the LHJs without approved DPDPs in 2007, one (2.3%) was in the approval process, seven (16.3%) planned to seek approval, and 35 (81.4%) reported no plans to seek approval. Of 35 LHJs not planning to seek approval, the top four reasons were: limited health department time (40%) or interest (34%), pharmacy disinterest (31%), and law enforcement opposition (26%). Among eight LHJs pursuing approval, the main barriers were "time management" (13%), educating stakeholders (13%), and enlisting pharmacy participation (13%). The17 LHJs with DPDP represent 52% of California's residents; they included 62% of persons living with HIV and 59% of IDU-related HIV cases, suggesting that many LHJs with significant numbers of HIV cases have approved DPDPs. Outcome studies are needed to determine whether SB 1159 had the desired impact on increasing syringe access and reducing blood-borne viral infection risk among California IDUs. ES - 1468-2869 IL - 1099-3460 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9463-3 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LG - English DP - 2010 Jul DC - 20100709 YR - 2010 ED - 20101019 RD - 20141203 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20535641 <292. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20585418 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Reinhold J AU - Pontiggia L AU - Angeles M AU - Earl G FA - Reinhold, Jennifer FA - Pontiggia, Laura FA - Angeles, Mark FA - Earl, Grace IN - Reinhold,Jennifer. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of Sciences in Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. TI - Web-based instruction on substance abuse and drug diversion. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 74(4):57, 2010 May 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 74(4):57, 2010 May 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2879108 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Computer-Assisted Instruction/mt [Methods] MH - Computer-Assisted Instruction/st [Standards] MH - Data Collection MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Education, Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - Educational Measurement MH - *Internet MH - Pharmacists MH - Pilot Projects MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders KW - Web-based instruction; substance abuse AB - OBJECTIVES: To develop a pilot study to assess the effectiveness of a Web-based educational module on enhancing understanding of substance abuse and drug diversion, and to assess students' abilities and confidence in applying the information. AB - DESIGN: A Web-based instructional module was presented to students enrolled in their second pre-professional year, and students were informed that it was part of a research study. Knowledge was tested using 10 pre- and post-module questions. Students were also presented with 5 survey questions assessing abilities related to the learning objectives. AB - ASSESSMENT: The median percentage of correct responses increased from 60% (Interquartile range [IQR] 20%) for the pre-module questions to 90% (IQR = 10%) for the post-module questions. The median percent gain in knowledge was 20% (IQR = 20%) which was significant (p < 0.0001). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Web-based instruction is an alternative method for engaging students in course content. We found that 59% of our pilot study group worked in a pharmacy. From the success of the pilot study, the module was implemented as an extra credit assignment in a required course to provide a foundation for developing professional responsibility. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 May 12 DC - 20100629 YR - 2010 ED - 20101019 RD - 20141203 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20585418 <293. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20027801 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Saade G AU - Warren CW AU - Jones NR AU - Mokdad A FA - Saade, Georges FA - Warren, Charles W FA - Jones, Nathan R FA - Mokdad, Ali IN - Saade,Georges. Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Fanar Campus, Beirut, Lebanon. gasaade@yahoo.com TI - Tobacco use and cessation counseling among health professional students: Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey. SO - Journal Medical Libanais - Lebanese Medical Journal. 57(4):243-7, 2009 Oct-Dec. AS - J Med Liban. 57(4):243-7, 2009 Oct-Dec. NJ - Le Journal medical libanais. The Lebanese medical journal PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - j1z, 0375352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Lebanon MH - Adult MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Counseling/ed [Education] MH - Counseling/mt [Methods] MH - Counseling/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - Global Health MH - Health Behavior MH - Humans MH - Lebanon/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Male MH - Population Surveillance MH - Prevalence MH - Risk-Taking MH - *Smoking Cessation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Dental/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Students, Health Occupations/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Nursing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Young Adult AB - INTRODUCTION: The number of deaths attributable to tobacco use is rising globally. Health professionals can help reduce tobacco use by providing advice to patients regarding smoking cessation. Very few studies have collected information on tobacco use and cessation counseling training among health professional students. The purpose of this paper is to examine these issues using data from the 2005 Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). AB - METHODS: The 2005 Lebanon GHPSS includes nationally representative estimates of third-year students in all dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools in Lebanon. AB - RESULTS: Current cigarette use ranged from 14.8% for pharmacy students to 26.9% for nursing students and 27.4% for medical students. Current waterpipe use ranged from 20.6% for medical students to 44.9% for nursing students. About 8 in 10 students in all four disciplines were exposed to second-hand smoke in public places. More than 8 in 10 students in medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools believed that health professionals have a role in giving advice or information on smoking cessation to patients. More than 9 in 10 students in all four disciplines believed that health professionals should receive training on smoking cessation techniques. However, those who received training ranged from 19.8% of pharmacy students to 43.7% of nursing students. AB - CONCLUSION: Tobacco use (cigarettes and water-pipe) is high among third-year health professional students in Lebanon. Students are willing to provide smoking-cessation counseling but lack training. The Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Education, and educational institutions in Lebanon should work together with other interested partners in developing, testing, and implementing successful patient cessation counseling training programs for health professionals. IS - 0023-9852 IL - 0023-9852 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2009 Oct-Dec DC - 20091223 YR - 2009 ED - 20101014 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20027801 <294. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19592355 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Quintero G FA - Quintero, Gilbert IN - Quintero,Gilbert. Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, USA. TI - Rx for a party: a qualitative analysis of recreational pharmaceutical use in a collegiate setting. SO - Journal of American College Health. 58(1):64-70, 2009 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Coll Health. 58(1):64-70, 2009 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of American college health : J of ACH PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - h5e, 8214119, 7503059 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS299976 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3121101 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Montana MH - *Prescription Drugs MH - Qualitative Research MH - Risk Assessment MH - Social Perception MH - *Street Drugs MH - *Students MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - *Universities MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: Using a qualitative methodology, the author examined the sociorecreational use of pharmaceuticals in a collegiate setting. AB - PARTICIPANTS: In all, 91 college students from a public, 4-year institution for higher learning in the Southwest participated in this study. AB - METHODS: The author conducted semistructured interviews between May 2004 and December 2005; they then audio recorded, transcribed, and examined the interviews for themes related to the sociorecreational use of prescription drugs. AB - RESULTS: A variety of prescription drugs are used for a number of purposes, including to experience pleasure, manage the duration or intensity of another drug's effects, party or socialize with friends and peers in leisure settings, facilitate sociorecreational activities, and help structure free time. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceuticals appear to be well integrated into the recreational drug use practices of college students, and prescription drug misuse presents a significant prevention challenge. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) IS - 0744-8481 IL - 0744-8481 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.58.1.64-72 PT - Journal Article NO - R21 DA016329-01A1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Jul-Aug DC - 20090713 YR - 2009 ED - 20100930 RD - 20141207 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19592355 <295. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19592350 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Epler AJ AU - Sher KJ AU - Loomis TB AU - O'Malley SS FA - Epler, Amee J FA - Sher, Kenneth J FA - Loomis, Tiffany B FA - O'Malley, Stephanie S IN - Epler,Amee J. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. aje4x9@mizzou.edu TI - College student receptiveness to various alcohol treatment options. SO - Journal of American College Health. 58(1):26-32, 2009 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Coll Health. 58(1):26-32, 2009 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of American college health : J of ACH PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - h5e, 8214119, 7503059 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS159663 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2818496 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Alcoholism/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Odds Ratio MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Psychometrics MH - *Students MH - *Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Universities MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: Heavy episodic drinking remains a significant problem on college campuses. Although most interventions for college students are behavioral, pharmacological treatments, such as naltrexone, could provide additional options. AB - PARTICIPANTS: The authors evaluated receptivity to various alcohol treatment options in a general population of college student drinkers (N = 2,084), assessed in 2005. AB - METHODS: The authors asked participants to indicate which of 8 treatment options (ie, self-help book, self-help computer program, self-help group, group therapy, individual therapy, monthly injection, targeted oral medication, or daily oral medication) they would be willing to consider if they were going to cut down on or stop drinking. AB - RESULTS: Over 50% of drinkers expressed receptiveness to self-help options or psychotherapy options, and over 25% of drinkers expressed receptiveness to medication options. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Increasing treatment options for students interested in reducing or stopping drinking by offering pharmacological interventions such as naltrexone could provide an important unmet need among college students. RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) IS - 0744-8481 IL - 0744-8481 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.58.1.26-32 PT - Journal Article NO - K05 AA017242 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - K05 AA017242-03 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - P50 AA011998 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - P50 AA011998-060007 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R37 AA007231 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R37 AA007231-19 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - T32 AA013526 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - T32 AA013526-08 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Jul-Aug DC - 20090713 YR - 2009 ED - 20100930 RD - 20141207 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19592350 <296. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20383415 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hui B AU - Wang W AU - Li J FA - Hui, Bin FA - Wang, Wei FA - Li, Jing IN - Hui,Bin. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, PO Box 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China. huibzh@yahoo.com.cn TI - Biphasic modulation of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference through inhibition of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase. SO - Saudi Medical Journal. 31(4):389-93, 2010 Apr. AS - Saudi Med J. 31(4):389-93, 2010 Apr. NJ - Saudi medical journal PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - dyw, 7909441 SB - Index Medicus CP - Saudi Arabia MH - Acetylation MH - Animals MH - *Behavior, Addictive/en [Enzymology] MH - Behavior, Addictive/ge [Genetics] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/en [Enzymology] MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders/ge [Genetics] MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Gene Expression Regulation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Histone Acetyltransferases/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] MH - *Histone Acetyltransferases/me [Metabolism] MH - Histone Deacetylases/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Histone Deacetylases/me [Metabolism] MH - Histones/me [Metabolism] MH - Male MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the causative relationship between aberrant histone acetylation changes and cocaine-induced reward. AB - METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=160) were tested by conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, to evaluate the effects of inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) on the conditioned effects of cocaine. Conditioning sessions were conducted twice daily for 2-4 days. For each conditioning session, rats were injected with either HDAC (or HAT) inhibitors or saline in home cages, followed by cocaine (intraperitoneally [ip]) or saline (ip) 30 minutes later, and then immediately confined for 50 minutes in the cue-specific chamber. On the day following the last conditioning session, the rats were tested for place preference for 15 minutes. The present study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and Pharmacology Research Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China between October 2007 and January 2009. AB - RESULTS: Our results showed that pretreatment with HDAC inhibitor (sodium butyrate), potentiated cocaine-induced CPP, but did not itself lead to conditioned preferences, or aversions. On the contrary, rats pretreated with curcumin (HAT inhibitor) markedly inhibited cocaine-induced CPP, but did not itself lead to conditioned preferences or aversions. AB - CONCLUSION: Histone modifications may be an important mechanism that underlies conditioned effects of cocaine. Moreover, HAT may be a potential therapeutic target for cocaine addiction. RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Histones) RN - EC 2-3-1-48 (Histone Acetyltransferases) RN - EC 3-5-1-98 (Histone Deacetylases) IS - 0379-5284 IL - 0379-5284 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2010 Apr DC - 20100412 YR - 2010 ED - 20100830 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20383415 <297. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19930113 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Murnion BP AU - Gnjidic D AU - Hilmer SN FA - Murnion, Bridin P FA - Gnjidic, Danijela FA - Hilmer, Sarah N IN - Murnion,Bridin P. Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. bmurnion@med.usyd.edu.au TI - Prescription and administration of opioids to hospital in-patients, and barriers to effective use. SO - Pain Medicine. 11(1):58-66, 2010 Jan. AS - PAIN MED. 11(1):58-66, 2010 Jan. NJ - Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100894201 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Analgesia, Patient-Controlled MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Australia MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Drug Utilization MH - Ethnic Groups MH - Female MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Inpatients MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Morphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Nurses MH - Oxycodone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pain Measurement MH - Physicians MH - Tramadol/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe prescribing and administration of opioids in a tertiary referral teaching hospital. Secondary aims were assessment of staff knowledge of opioid pharmacology and available preparations, and of perceived barriers limiting opioid use. AB - DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of in-patients requiring opioid analgesia was performed. An anonymous semi-structured questionnaire was administered to medical and nursing staff. AB - SETTING: Australian tertiary referral teaching hospital. AB - PATIENTS: All patients prescribed opioids on study wards over 3 months (N = 190). AB - RESULTS: Oxycodone was the most frequently prescribed opioid (51.4%). The majority (64.7%) of participants had incomplete pain relief, which was significantly associated with having opioid related side effects. There was no association between pain relief and prescribed daily dose or received daily dose of opioids. Limited understanding of opioid preparations, tolerance, and dependence was demonstrated by staff. The most common perceived barriers to opioid use included difficulties in identifying the right dose, staff time required to prescribe and monitor, and large numbers of preparations. While prescription of inadequate doses was perceived as a barrier, this study identified that submaximal doses were administered. An opioid educational session improved knowledge of opioid formulations. AB - CONCLUSION: The majority of participants had incomplete pain relief and the maximum prescribed doses of opioids were not administered. Reported barriers included staff knowledge of opioid dose titration and opioid preparations, and time constraints. Identified barriers included poor knowledge of opioid preparations. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 39J1LGJ30J (Tramadol) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) RN - CD35PMG570 (Oxycodone) ES - 1526-4637 IL - 1526-2375 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00747.x PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20091117 DP - 2010 Jan DC - 20100507 YR - 2010 ED - 20100812 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19930113 <298. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20414449 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Awaisu A AU - Abd Rahman NS AU - Nik Mohamed MH AU - Bux Rahman Bux SH AU - Mohamed Nazar NI FA - Awaisu, Ahmed FA - Abd Rahman, Norny Syafinaz FA - Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki FA - Bux Rahman Bux, Siti Halimah FA - Mohamed Nazar, Nor Ilyani IN - Awaisu,Ahmed. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. pharmahmed@yahoo.com TI - Malaysian pharmacy students' assessment of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 74(2):34, 2010 Mar 10. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 74(2):34, 2010 Mar 10. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2856427 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Clinical Competence MH - Communication MH - Drug Labeling MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Malaysia MH - Male MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Perception MH - Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Prescription Drugs/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Program Evaluation MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Task Performance and Analysis MH - Young Adult KW - Malaysia; bachelor of pharmacy; clinical competencies; objective structured clinical examination AB - OBJECTIVE: To implement and determine the effectiveness of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess fourth-year pharmacy students' skills in a clinical pharmacy course. AB - DESIGN: A 13-station OSCE was designed and implemented in the 2007-2008 academic year as part of the assessment methods for a clinical pharmacy course. The broad competencies tested in the OSCE included: patient counseling and communication, clinical pharmacokinetics (CPK), identification and resolution of drug-related problems (DRPs), and literature evaluation/drug information provision. AB - ASSESSMENT: Immediately after all students completed the OSCE, a questionnaire containing items on the clarity of written instructions, difficulty of the tasks, perceived degree of learning gained and needed, and the suitability of the references or literature resources provided was administered. More than 70% of the students felt that a higher degree of learning was needed to accomplish the tasks at the 2 DRP stations and 2 CPK stations and the majority felt the written instructions provided at the phenytoin CPK station were difficult to understand. Although about 60% of the students rated OSCE as a difficult form of assessment, 75% said it should be used more and 81% perceived they learned a lot from it. AB - CONCLUSION: Although most students felt that the OSCE accurately assessed their skills, a majority felt the tasks required in some stations required a higher degree of learning than they had achieved. This may indicate deficiencies in the students' learning abilities, the course curriculum, or the OSCE station design. Future efforts should include providing clearer instructions at OSCE stations and balancing the complexity of the competencies assessed. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Mar 10 DC - 20100423 YR - 2010 ED - 20100729 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20414449 <299. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19843832 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Floor-Schreudering A AU - De Smet PA AU - Buurma H AU - Egberts AC AU - Bouvy ML FA - Floor-Schreudering, Annemieke FA - De Smet, Peter A G M FA - Buurma, Henk FA - Egberts, Antoine C G FA - Bouvy, Marcel L IN - Floor-Schreudering,Annemieke. SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Leiden, Netherlands. TI - Documentation quality in community pharmacy: completeness of electronic patient records after patients' first visits. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 43(11):1787-94, 2009 Nov. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 43(11):1787-94, 2009 Nov. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - Continuity of Patient Care/st [Standards] MH - Documentation/mt [Methods] MH - *Documentation/st [Standards] MH - *Electronic Health Records/st [Standards] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Netherlands MH - *Office Visits MH - Young Adult AB - BACKGROUND: When patients visit a community pharmacy for the first time, the creation of an electronic patient record (EPR) with relevant and up-to-date data is a prerequisite for adequate medication surveillance and patient counseling. AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of completeness of documentation in the EPR after a patient's first visit to a Dutch community pharmacy. AB - METHODS: In each participating pharmacy, newly enlisted (<3 mo) patients to whom at least one medication had been dispensed were enrolled in this survey. For each patient who could be interviewed, pharmacy master students used a structured questionnaire to gather relevant, mandatory patient data (ie, basic characteristics, current drugs used, diseases, intolerabilities, specific conditions) and nonmandatory patient data (eg, diagnostic and monitoring data, personal experiences and habits, drug use problems) from the patient's EPR and from a structured telephone interview with the patient. Data retrieved from the patient's EPR were compared with data provided by the patient during the telephone interview. AB - RESULTS: Of 403 selected patients, 154 (38.2%) could be interviewed by telephone. Poor documentation of telephone numbers in the EPR was the main reason for nonresponse (134/249). Interviewers found that 67.7% of prescription drugs, 0% of over-the-counter drugs, 19.6% of diseases, 3.7% of intolerabilities, and none of the specific conditions reported by patients had been documented in the EPR. Nonmandatory data (personal experiences and habits, drug use problems) reported during the patient interview had not been documented in the EPR. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The EPR after a patient's first visit to the community pharmacy is often incomplete. For new patients, the pharmacist should more proactively and systematically gather patient information, and all relevant information should be recorded, preferably in coded form, in the pharmacy information system to allow more adequate clinical risk management. ES - 1542-6270 IL - 1060-0280 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1M242 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20091020 DP - 2009 Nov DC - 20091028 YR - 2009 ED - 20100729 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19843832 <300. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19930024 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lee N AU - Cameron J FA - Lee, Nicole FA - Cameron, Jacqui IN - Lee,Nicole. Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Melbourne, Australia. nicole.lee@turningpoint.org.au TI - Differences in self and independent ratings on an organisational dual diagnosis capacity measure. SO - Drug & Alcohol Review. 28(6):682-4, 2009 Nov. AS - Drug Alcohol Rev. 28(6):682-4, 2009 Nov. NJ - Drug and alcohol review PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9015440 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Australia/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Comorbidity MH - Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Mental Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Self Concept MH - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/mt [Methods] MH - *Substance Abuse Treatment Centers MH - Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: There are a number of tools to assist services to measure their capacity to respond to co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. This study aimed to examine whether services could accurately self-rate their dual diagnosis capacity. AB - DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected from 13 alcohol and drug services across Australia that participated in a comorbidity capacity building initiative. The organisations provided a range of services, including pharmacotherapy and counselling services, residential and outpatient services, youth and adult services and withdrawal. There was a mix of government and non-government services. AB - RESULTS: Services rated themselves substantially higher than the independent raters at both baseline and follow up. AB - DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that services may not accurately assess their own capacity. For organisations trying to make improvements in their services, independent assessment may be more helpful than self-assessment in accurately determining service gaps. Overestimation of capacity may lead to failure to address important service needs. ES - 1465-3362 IL - 0959-5236 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00116.x PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study LG - English DP - 2009 Nov DC - 20091125 YR - 2009 ED - 20100723 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19930024 <301. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20497929 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Scott DM AU - Dewey MW AU - Johnson TA AU - Kessler ML AU - Friesner DL FA - Scott, David M FA - Dewey, Mark W FA - Johnson, Todd A FA - Kessler, Matthew L FA - Friesner, Daniel L IN - Scott,David M. Department of Pharmacy Practice, North Dakota State University College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota 58105-5055, USA. david.scott@ndsu.edu TI - Preliminary evaluation of medication therapy management services in assisted living facilities in rural Minnesota. SO - Consultant Pharmacist. 25(5):305-19, 2010 May. AS - Consult Pharm. 25(5):305-19, 2010 May. NJ - The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9013983 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Assisted Living Facilities/ec [Economics] MH - *Assisted Living Facilities/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Consultants MH - Cost Savings MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Therapy Management/ec [Economics] MH - *Medication Therapy Management/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Middle Aged MH - Minnesota MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Rural Health Services/ec [Economics] MH - Rural Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] AB - OBJECTIVES: While pharmacists are providing medication therapy management (MTM) services, few programs have been assessed for outcomes, particularly those in rural areas. The objectives are to: 1) categorize the number and type of drug-therapy problems (DTPs) that were identified by consultant pharmacists in assisted living facilities, 2) assess resident and administrator satisfaction of consultant pharmacist MTM services, and 3) assess the direct costs of providing MTM services and make some preliminary inferences about the program's economic viability. AB - DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional, pilot study at 14 assisted living facilities over a 12-month period. AB - SETTING: 14 rural assisted living facilities. AB - PATIENTS: Assisted living facility residents. AB - INTERVENTION: MTM visits were performed by a consultant pharmacist based on the MTM model developed by the American Pharmacists Association. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient satisfaction, clinical (DTPs), and economic costs. AB - RESULTS: 130 residents were enrolled with a mean age of 86 years, with 77.7% female. Residents were taking an average of 13 medications (range = 1-29), including prescription and nonprescription drugs. Common medical conditions were hypertension (80.0%), hyperlipidemia (37.7%), and diabetes (20.8%). Residents had an average of 9 comorbidities (range = 2-16) and 304 DTPs (mean 2.3 per resident). Residents reported high mean satisfaction levels with the pharmacist and the services provided. Direct costs of the intervention were $20,372.96, which suggests that only modest gains in overall patient health (or a few major avoided adverse events) caused by the intervention are necessary to ensure the program's economic viability. AB - CONCLUSION: Through the use of MTM programs to resolve medication problems, pharmacists can improve patient satisfaction with care among assisted living facility residents. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 0888-5109 IL - 0888-5109 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2010.305 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2010 May DC - 20100525 YR - 2010 ED - 20100722 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20497929 <302. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20302882 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Reichel CM AU - Murray JE AU - Barr JD AU - Bevins RA FA - Reichel, Carmela M FA - Murray, Jennifer E FA - Barr, Jessica D FA - Bevins, Rick A IN - Reichel,Carmela M. Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0308, USA. TI - Extinction with varenicline and nornicotine, but not ABT-418, weakens conditioned responding evoked by the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine. SO - Neuropharmacology. 58(8):1237-45, 2010 Jun. AS - Neuropharmacology. 58(8):1237-45, 2010 Jun. NJ - Neuropharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - nzb, 0236217 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS195746 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2881947 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Animals MH - *Benzazepines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Conditioning, Classical/de [Drug Effects] MH - Discrimination (Psychology)/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Extinction, Psychological/de [Drug Effects] MH - Generalization (Psychology) MH - *Isoxazoles/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Ligands MH - Male MH - *Nicotine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Nicotine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Nicotinic Agonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Pyrrolidines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Quinoxalines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Varenicline AB - The interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine acquire control over behavior. This observation, among others, suggests that the stimulus effects of nicotine are important in the development and tenacity of tobacco dependence. Despite this importance, there has been little research examining whether non-reinforced presentations (extinction) of a ligand that share stimulus effects of nicotine will weaken responding controlled by nicotine. Rats were trained to discriminate nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) from saline using a discriminated goal-tracking task in which nicotine signaled intermittent access to sucrose; sucrose was withheld on saline sessions. Experiment 1 examined substitution for nicotine by ABT-418, nornicotine, epibatidine, varenicline, or cytisine in 4-min extinction tests. Experiments 2-5 [low-dose nicotine (0.05 mg/kg), ABT-418, nornicotine, or varenicline, respectively] examined whether substitution for nicotine would persist if extinction tests were increased to 20 min and repeated daily for 6 days. Finally, generalization of this extinction back to the nicotine training stimulus was assessed. Full substitution in brief 4-min extinction tests was seen for ABT-418, nornicotine, epibatidine, varenicline, and cytisine. Low-dose nicotine, ABT-418, nornicotine, and varenicline, evoked only a partial 'nicotine-like' response in the first 20-min extinction test. With repeated extinction, only low-dose nicotine, nornicotine, and varenicline continued to substitute. Extinction with nornicotine and varenicline transferred back to nicotine as indicated by a partial conditioned response to the training stimulus. Interpretations regarding 'nicotine-like' effects of a ligand depend on the nature of the test. Understanding the processes mediating transfer of extinction learning with potential pharmacotherapies may reveal new treatment targets.Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Benzazepines) RN - 0 (Isoxazoles) RN - 0 (Ligands) RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 0 (Pyrrolidines) RN - 0 (Quinoxalines) RN - 147402-53-7 (3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) RN - 83H6L5QD8Z (nornicotine) RN - W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline) ES - 1873-7064 IL - 0028-3908 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.005 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA018114 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA023283 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA025399 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114-04 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114-05 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114-06 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20100317 DP - 2010 Jun DC - 20100426 YR - 2010 ED - 20100715 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20302882 <303. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20393457 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Adinoff B AU - Devous MD Sr AU - Williams MJ AU - Best SE AU - Harris TS AU - Minhajuddin A AU - Zielinski T AU - Cullum M FA - Adinoff, Bryon FA - Devous, Michael D Sr FA - Williams, Mark J FA - Best, Susan E FA - Harris, Thomas S FA - Minhajuddin, Abu FA - Zielinski, Tanya FA - Cullum, Munro IN - Adinoff,Bryon. Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8564, USA. bryon.adinoff@utsouthwestern.edu TI - Altered neural cholinergic receptor systems in cocaine-addicted subjects. SO - Neuropsychopharmacology. 35(7):1485-99, 2010 Jun. AS - Neuropsychopharmacology. 35(7):1485-99, 2010 Jun. NJ - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - adq, 8904907 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3055466 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Brain Mapping MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Cholinergic Antagonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Cholinesterase Inhibitors/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/ri [Radionuclide Imaging] MH - Female MH - Heart Rate/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - Limbic System/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Limbic System/ri [Radionuclide Imaging] MH - Male MH - Physostigmine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MH - *Receptors, Cholinergic/me [Metabolism] MH - Scopolamine Hydrobromide/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Statistics, Nonparametric MH - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/mt [Methods] AB - Changes in the brain's cholinergic receptor systems underlie several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. An emerging preclinical literature also reveals that acetylcoholine may have an important function in addictive processes, including reward, learning, and memory. This study was designed to assess alterations in cholinergic receptor systems in limbic regions of abstinent cocaine-addicted subjects compared with healthy controls. On three separate days, 23 1- to 6-week abstinent, cocaine- (and mostly nicotine-) addicted subjects and 22 sex-, age-, and race-matched control subjects were administered the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic agonist physostigmine, the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine, and saline. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after each infusion was determined using single photon emission-computed tomography. Both cholinergic probes induced rCBF changes (p<0.005) in relatively distinct, cholinergic-rich, limbic brain regions. After physostigmine, cocaine-addicted subjects showed altered rCBF, relative to controls, in limbic regions, including the left hippocampus, left amygdala, and right insula. Group differences in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and middle temporal gyrus were also evident. Scopolamine also revealed group differences in the left hippocampus and right insula as well as the posterior cingulate and middle temporal gyrus. Cocaine addicted and controls differ in their subcortical, limbic, and cortical response to cholinergic probes in areas relevant to craving, learning, and memory. Cholinergic systems may offer a pharmacologic target for cocaine addiction treatment. RN - 0 (Cholinergic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Cholinesterase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Receptors, Cholinergic) RN - 451IFR0GXB (Scopolamine Hydrobromide) RN - 9U1VM840SP (Physostigmine) ES - 1740-634X IL - 0893-133X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.18 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. NO - DA11434 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011434 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20100310 DP - 2010 Jun DC - 20100513 YR - 2010 ED - 20100709 RD - 20150311 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20393457 <304. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19944650 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Katz N AU - Sun S AU - Johnson F AU - Stauffer J FA - Katz, Nathaniel FA - Sun, Stephen FA - Johnson, Franklin FA - Stauffer, Joseph IN - Katz,Nathaniel. Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Analgesic Research, Needham, MA 02494, USA. nkatz@analgesicresearch.com TI - ALO-01 (morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride) extended-release capsules in the treatment of chronic pain of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety. SO - Journal of Pain. 11(4):303-11, 2010 Apr. AS - J PAIN. 11(4):303-11, 2010 Apr. NJ - The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100898657 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Chronic Disease/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Drug Combinations MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Morphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Morphine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Morphine/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Morphine Dependence/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Morphine Dependence/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Naltrexone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Naltrexone/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Naltrexone/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Osteoarthritis, Hip/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Osteoarthritis, Hip/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Osteoarthritis, Knee/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Osteoarthritis, Knee/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Pain Measurement/de [Drug Effects] MH - Street Drugs/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - UNLABELLED: ALO-01 (EMBEDA [morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride] extended-release capsules [King Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Bridgewater, NJ]), indicated for chronic moderate-to-severe pain, is designed to release naltrexone upon tampering (eg, by crushing), reducing morphine-induced subjective effects. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study assessed pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of ALO-01 and compared them with extended-release morphine sulfate (ERMS, KADIAN [morphine sulfate extended-release] capsules [Actavis US, Morristown, NJ]) in adults (N = 113) with osteoarthritis pain. Study periods included washout until pain flare (intensity > or =5, 0 to 10; 0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain); dose titration with ERMS (20 to 160mg BID); and randomization to 2 (crossover) 14-day treatment periods with ERMS or ALO-01, separated by 7 days of open-label ERMS. Assessments included pharmacokinetics (morphine, naltrexone), pain scores (0 to 10), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index; Patient Global Assessment of Medication (1 to 5; poor to excellent). Mean score at pain flare was 7.1. Morphine exposure from both formulations at steady state was similar. Plasma naltrexone concentrations were below limit-of-quantification for most patients and, when present, did not impact pain scores. During treatment, mean pain intensity (day 14: ERMS, 2.4; ALO-01, 2.3, P = .31), WOMAC change-from-baseline (mean pain, physical function, composite scores), and adverse event frequency were similar. ALO-01 and ERMS provided similar relief of osteoarthritis pain. AB - PERSPECTIVE: We present data demonstrating that ALO-01 has steady-state morphine exposure, efficacy, and safety similar to marketed ERMS capsules. Results highlight the potential for morphine in ALO-01 to manage moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis pain, while the sequestered naltrexone does not interfere with efficacy.Copyright 2010 American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - 0 (morphine, naltrexone combination) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) ES - 1528-8447 IL - 1526-5900 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.07.017 PT - Clinical Trial, Phase II PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20091127 DP - 2010 Apr DC - 20100330 YR - 2010 ED - 20100701 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19944650 <305. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20189166 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sharf R AU - Sarhan M AU - Brayton CE AU - Guarnieri DJ AU - Taylor JR AU - DiLeone RJ FA - Sharf, Ruth FA - Sarhan, Maysa FA - Brayton, Catherine E FA - Guarnieri, Douglas J FA - Taylor, Jane R FA - DiLeone, Ralph J IN - Sharf,Ruth. Department of Psychiatry, Ribicoff Research Facilities, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06508, USA. TI - Orexin signaling via the orexin 1 receptor mediates operant responding for food reinforcement. SO - Biological Psychiatry. 67(8):753-60, 2010 Apr 15. AS - Biol Psychiatry. 67(8):753-60, 2010 Apr 15. NJ - Biological psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - a3s, 0213264 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS182913 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2849869 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - Benzoxazoles/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Conditioning, Operant/ph [Physiology] MH - Data Interpretation, Statistical MH - *Food MH - Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/ph [Physiology] MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/ph [Physiology] MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Knockout MH - Motor Activity/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Neuropeptides/ph [Physiology] MH - Orexin Receptors MH - Orexins MH - RNA Interference MH - *Receptors, Neuropeptide/ge [Genetics] MH - *Receptors, Neuropeptide/ph [Physiology] MH - Reinforcement (Psychology) MH - Reinforcement Schedule MH - Urea/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Urea/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Viruses/ge [Genetics] AB - BACKGROUND: Orexin (hypocretin) signaling is implicated in drug addiction and reward, but its role in feeding and food-motivated behavior remains unclear. AB - METHODS: We investigated orexin's contribution to food-reinforced instrumental responding using an orexin 1 receptor (Ox1r) antagonist, orexin -/- (OKO) and littermate wildtype (WT) mice, and RNAi-mediated knockdown of orexin. C57BL/6J (n = 76) and OKO (n = 39) mice were trained to nose poke for food under a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. After responding stabilized, a progressive ratio schedule was initiated to evaluate motivation to obtain food reinforcement. AB - RESULTS: Blockade of Ox1r in C57BL/6J mice impaired performance under both the variable ratio and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, indicating impaired motivational processes. In contrast, OKO mice initially demonstrated a delay in acquisition but eventually achieved levels of responding similar to those observed in WT animals. Moreover, OKO mice did not differ from WT mice under a progressive ratio schedule, indicating delayed learning processes but no motivational impairments. Considering the differences between pharmacologic blockade of Ox1r and the OKO mice, animals with RNAi mediated knockdown of orexin were then generated and analyzed to eliminate possible developmental effects of missing orexin. Orexin gene knockdown in the lateral hypothalamus in C57BL/6J mice resulted in blunted performance under both the variable ratio and progressive ratio schedules, resembling data obtained following Ox1r antagonism. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The behavior seen in OKO mice likely reflects developmental compensation often seen in mutant animals. These data suggest that activation of the Ox1r is a necessary component of food-reinforced responding, motivation, or both in normal mice.Copyright 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RN - 0 (1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea) RN - 0 (Benzoxazoles) RN - 0 (Hcrtr1 protein, mouse) RN - 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins) RN - 0 (Neuropeptides) RN - 0 (Orexin Receptors) RN - 0 (Orexins) RN - 0 (Receptors, Neuropeptide) RN - 8W8T17847W (Urea) ES - 1873-2402 IL - 0006-3223 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.035 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - F32DA023739 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P50 MH066172 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - P50 MH066172-080003 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011717 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA015222 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA017676 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA017676-05 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01DA017676 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - RL1AA017537 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20100226 DP - 2010 Apr 15 DC - 20100405 YR - 2010 ED - 20100617 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20189166 <306. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20232494 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Olive MF FA - Olive, M Foster TI - Pharmacotherapies for alcoholism: the old and the new. SO - CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets. 9(1):2-4, 2010 Mar. AS - CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 9(1):2-4, 2010 Mar. NJ - CNS & neurological disorders drug targets PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101269155 SB - Index Medicus CP - United Arab Emirates MH - Alcohol Deterrents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Alcohol Deterrents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/me [Metabolism] MH - *Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Alcoholism/me [Metabolism] MH - *Alcoholism/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Animals MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Disulfiram/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Disulfiram/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Design MH - Humans MH - Naltrexone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Neuropeptides/ag [Agonists] MH - *Neuropharmacology/mt [Methods] MH - Neuropharmacology/td [Trends] MH - Neurotransmitter Agents/ag [Agonists] MH - Neurotransmitter Agents/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] MH - Receptors, Neurotransmitter/ag [Agonists] MH - Receptors, Neurotransmitter/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] MH - Taurine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Taurine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Taurine/tu [Therapeutic Use] AB - Alcoholism and other alcohol use disorders are major public health problems, and the success rates of non-pharmacological treatment of these disorders such as psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, group therapy, or residential treatment programs,remain only modest at best. High rates of recidivism (relapse) in alcoholics attempting to remain abstinent are prevalent worldwide. In recent years abundant evidence has accumulated demonstrating that alcoholism is a complex and multifaceted disease of the brain caused by numerous genetic, neurobiological, developmental, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that are still not yet fully understood.There is thus a great need to improve the success rates of all forms of treatment of alcoholism not only in preventing relapse, but curbing active alcohol consumption and craving. The development of improved pharmacotherapies that could be used as adjuncts to the aforementioned non-pharmacological treatment approaches is one avenue of great interest to the scientific community and the general public. Currently there are only three medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of alcohol abuse and alcoholism--disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate. Yet medication compliance issues and the modest efficacy of these compounds leave substantial room for improvement. This special issue is devoted to reviewing the current status of these FDA approved medications in the treatment of alcoholism. In addition, preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that other classes of medications might also be of potential use are reviewed, including anticonvulsants, GABAB receptor agonists, cholinergic receptor partial agonists, corticotropin-releasing factor and cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, nociceptin receptor ligands, and the novel antipsychotic aripiprazole. RN - 0 (Alcohol Deterrents) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Neuropeptides) RN - 0 (Neurotransmitter Agents) RN - 0 (Receptors, Neurotransmitter) RN - 1EQV5MLY3D (Taurine) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - N4K14YGM3J (acamprosate) RN - TR3MLJ1UAI (Disulfiram) ES - 1996-3181 IL - 1871-5273 PT - Editorial PT - Introductory Journal Article LG - English DP - 2010 Mar DC - 20100315 YR - 2010 ED - 20100614 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20232494 <307. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20420250 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Harrington CJ AU - Zaydfudim V FA - Harrington, Colin J FA - Zaydfudim, Victor IN - Harrington,Colin J. Department of Psychiatry, Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. Colin_Harrington@brown.edu TI - Buprenorphine maintenance therapy hinders acute pain management in trauma. SO - American Surgeon. 76(4):397-9, 2010 Apr. AS - Am Surg. 76(4):397-9, 2010 Apr. NJ - The American surgeon PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 43e, 0370522 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Accidents, Traffic MH - Adult MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Buprenorphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Buprenorphine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Drug Interactions MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Narcotic Antagonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - Buprenorphine is a mixed opiate receptor agonist-antagonist growing in popularity as an office-based treatment for opioid-dependent patients. It has high affinity, but only partial agonism at the micro-opioid receptor resulting in a ceiling analgesic effect. At higher doses, buprenorphine potentiates antagonism at the kappa-opioid receptor. These properties make buprenorphine an effective maintenance treatment for opioid-dependent patients. These same properties, however, can interfere with the management of acute pain in patients on maintenance buprenorphine therapy. We present a case of a young multisystem trauma patient in whom adequate analgesia could not be achieved due to buprenorphine treatment before and through the early course of admission. Discontinuation of buprenorphine allowed for appropriate pain management and successful analgesia. Further education of acute care clinicians about buprenorphine pharmacology and careful selection of patients for buprenorphine maintenance therapy are needed to avoid delays of pain control in trauma patients. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) IS - 0003-1348 IL - 0003-1348 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - T32 HS 013833 (United States AHRQ HHS) LG - English DP - 2010 Apr DC - 20100427 YR - 2010 ED - 20100610 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20420250 <308. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20384385 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Olsson J AU - Bergman A AU - Carlsten A AU - Oke T AU - Bernsten C AU - Schmidt IK AU - Fastbom J FA - Olsson, Jonny FA - Bergman, Asa FA - Carlsten, Anders FA - Oke, Thimothy FA - Bernsten, Cecilia FA - Schmidt, Ingrid K FA - Fastbom, Johan IN - Olsson,Jonny. Department of Drug Safety, Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden. TI - Quality of drug prescribing in elderly people in nursing homes and special care units for dementia: a cross-sectional computerized pharmacy register analysis. SO - Clinical Drug Investigation. 30(5):289-300, 2010. AS - Clin Drug Invest. 30(5):289-300, 2010. NJ - Clinical drug investigation PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9504817 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Dementia/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nursing Homes/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Physicians/st [Standards] MH - *Physicians/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/st [Standards] MH - Quality Indicators, Health Care MH - *Quality of Health Care MH - Registries MH - Sweden AB - BACKGROUND: Drug prescribing to the elderly is extensive and often inappropriate. Furthermore, the number of drugs used is the most important risk factor for adverse drug reactions. Despite this, drug prescribing in the elderly in Sweden is high and increasing. In 2003 the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare launched a set of indicators to evaluate the quality of drug therapy in the elderly. Use of this tool in combination with the Swedish computerized national register covering all persons receiving multi-dose drug dispensing (drugs dispensed in one dose unit bag for each dose occasion) would enable detection of inappropriate drug prescribing and could help reduce the risk of drug-related problems among the elderly. AB - OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent and quality of drug prescribing in younger and older elderly residents receiving multi-dose drug dispensing in ordinary nursing homes (NHs) and special care units for dementia (NHDs), and to evaluate the relationship between the quality of prescribing and the number of prescribers per resident, in a Swedish county. AB - METHODS: The computerized national pharmacy drug register provided the database and a cross-sectional design was used. Selected drug-specific quality indicators proposed by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare in 2003 were used to assess the quality of drug prescribing. AB - RESULTS: This study included 3705 residents. Their mean age was 85 years and 72% were women. The mean number of prescribed drugs was 10.3 per resident. The proportion of residents with prescriptions for psychotropic drugs was 80% in NHs and 85% in NHDs. The prevalence of each drug-specific quality indicator was as follows: long-acting benzodiazepines 16.4% (NHs) versus 11.7% (NHDs), anticholinergic drugs 20.7% versus 18.5%, drug duplication 14.6% versus 13.6%, three or more psychotropic drugs 25.6% versus 35.3%, class C interactions (drug combinations that may require dose adjustment) 41.9% versus 38.7% and class D interactions (drug combinations that should be avoided) 8.1% versus 5.6%. Younger elderly residents (age 65-79 years) had a lower quality of drug prescribing. An increasing number of prescribers per resident was associated with a lower quality of drug therapy. AB - CONCLUSIONS: We found a lower quality of drug prescribing, e.g. anticholinergic drugs prescribed to approximately 20% of residents of NHs and NHDs, and a higher rate of psychotropic drug use (>/=80%) compared with previous studies in NHs. Our results also demonstrated a negative correlation between quality of prescribing and number of prescribers per resident. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 1173-2563 IL - 1173-2563 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11534320-000000000-00000 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2010 DC - 20100413 YR - 2010 ED - 20100610 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20384385 <309. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20199955 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nacopoulos AG AU - Lewtas AJ AU - Ousterhout MM FA - Nacopoulos, Alkiviadis G FA - Lewtas, Andrea J FA - Ousterhout, Maria M IN - Nacopoulos,Alkiviadis G. Clinical Pharmacy Services, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, USA. alkiviadis.nacopoulos@umassmed.edu TI - Syringe exchange programs: Impact on injection drug users and the role of the pharmacist from a U.S. perspective. [Review] [50 refs] SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 50(2):148-57, 2010 Mar-Apr 1. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 50(2):148-57, 2010 Mar-Apr 1. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Humans MH - Needle Sharing/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Needle-Exchange Programs/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Needle-Exchange Programs/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacies/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacies/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacies/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Professional Role MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Syringes/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To present a summary of the existing literature on syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and to discuss the potential role of pharmacists in providing support for injection drug users (IDUs) and such programs. AB - DATA SOURCES: To identify relevant articles published since 2000, a search of PubMed and Medline was conducted using syringe exchange programs and needle exchange programs as search terms. A manual review of each article's citation list was also conducted. AB - DATA EXTRACTION: By the authors. AB - DATA SYNTHESIS: Information is presented in four categories: state and federal support of SEPs, characteristics of SEP users, epidemiological studies, and social reluctance for SEP support. The information summarized in these sections is then used as a foundation for a review of the potential role of the pharmacist. AB - CONCLUSION: SEPs have demonstrated a clear effect in improving the health outcomes of IDUs by decreasing the transmission of blood-borne disease and lowering high-risk injecting behaviors. Despite conflicting support for SEPs at both the federal and local levels, pharmacists can play a pivotal role in the health of IDUs by providing sound medical advice and, in some states, acting as an alternative channel for obtaining clean syringes. Efforts should continue to focus on educating pharmacists about this role and how their individual actions can benefit the health of the entire population. [References: 50] ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09178 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2010 Mar-Apr 1 DC - 20100304 YR - 2010 ED - 20100524 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20199955 <310. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19737211 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Williams DM FA - Williams, Dennis M IN - Williams,Dennis M. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. dwilliams@unc.edu TI - Preparing pharmacy students and pharmacists to provide tobacco cessation counselling. [Review] [26 refs] SO - Drug & Alcohol Review. 28(5):533-40, 2009 Sep. AS - Drug Alcohol Rev. 28(5):533-40, 2009 Sep. NJ - Drug and alcohol review PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9015440 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Counseling/ed [Education] MH - Counseling/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - Tobacco Use Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation/px [Psychology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] AB - ISSUES: Tobacco use and abuse is a major health risk for people across the world and is responsible for nearly 500 000 deaths in the USA annually. Currently, the accepted role of pharmacists is the provision of pharmaceutical care, which includes health promotion and prevention of disease. Pharmacists should work collaboratively with other health-care professionals to provide tobacco-cessation counselling to smokers. AB - APPROACH: Recently, in the USA, a curriculum has been developed by faculty at a school of pharmacy and distributed to pharmacy schools across the nation in a train-the-trainer format. This curriculum has been implemented in varying degrees in schools across the USA. In addition, there are national efforts to increase the involvement of practising pharmacists in promoting tobacco cessation by offering comprehensive programs or by increasing awareness and referrals. AB - KEY FINDINGS: The acceptance of the Rx for Change programs by schools of pharmacy has been high and the education and skills are being taught to most current pharmacy graduates. There is an increased emphasis on the role of pharmacists to assist in meeting national health goals including reducing tobacco-related risks. AB - IMPLICATIONS: Numerous opportunities exist for pharmacists to provide tobacco cessation counselling. Barriers to implementation of programs include lack of confidence by pharmacists and a perceived lack of demand by patients. AB - CONCLUSION: The consequences of tobacco use are well known. Pharmacists should enhance their involvement in health promotion and disease prevention and actively develop tobacco cessation counselling programs using available resources for the benefit of their patients. [References: 26] ES - 1465-3362 IL - 0959-5236 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00109.x PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2009 Sep DC - 20090909 YR - 2009 ED - 20100518 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19737211 <311. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20397799 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wilson C AU - Canning P AU - Caravati EM FA - Wilson, Courtney FA - Canning, Peter FA - Caravati, E Martin IN - Wilson,Courtney. Division of Emergency Medicine, Utah Poison Control Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. TI - The abuse potential of propofol. [Review] [45 refs] SO - Clinical Toxicology: The Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology & European Association of Poisons Centres & Clinical Toxicologists. 48(3):165-70, 2010 Mar. AS - Clin Toxicol (Phila). 48(3):165-70, 2010 Mar. NJ - Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101241654 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Anesthetics, Intravenous/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Anesthetics, Intravenous/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Anesthetics, Intravenous/to [Toxicity] MH - Animals MH - Drug Tolerance MH - Drug and Narcotic Control MH - Humans MH - Propofol/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Propofol/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Propofol/to [Toxicity] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/pp [Physiopathology] MH - United States AB - CONTEXT: Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic prescription medication that is widely used in anesthesia, long-term sedation, and conscious sedation. It is short acting, effective, and, when used appropriately, safe. It is not a controlled substance by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, suggesting that it has little potential for abuse. The objective of this review was to evaluate the evidence for the abuse potential of propofol. AB - METHODS: A systematic review of the medical literature was performed using the search terms: propofol, Diprivan, abuse, addiction, tolerance, misuse, and withdrawal. Six online literature citation databases and relevant bibliographies were searched for articles. AB - RESULTS: Seventy-two articles were identified for review and 45 were relevant to the topic. These articles described propofol's biochemical and pharmacokinetic mechanisms of action that lend themselves to its abuse, propofol's physical and psychological effects that make it alluring as a recreational drug, the current evidence supporting the possibility of tolerance to and withdrawal from propofol, the risk involved in recreational propofol use, and the evidence supporting current abuse of this medication. We found evidence to support propofol's abuse potential from a pharmacological and experiential standpoint with multiple reports describing tolerance, dependence, withdrawal phenomena, abuse, and death from recreational use. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Propofol has alluring and addictive properties that lend itself to potential recreational abuse and dependence. We recommend that the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and other international agencies should consider regulating propofol as a controlled substance. [References: 45] RN - 0 (Anesthetics, Intravenous) RN - YI7VU623SF (Propofol) ES - 1556-9519 IL - 1556-3650 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563651003757954 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2010 Mar DC - 20100419 YR - 2010 ED - 20100503 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20397799 <312. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17565377 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Shankar PR AU - Palaian S AU - Gyawali S AU - Mishra P AU - Mohan L FA - Shankar, P Ravi FA - Palaian, Subish FA - Gyawali, Sudesh FA - Mishra, Pranaya FA - Mohan, Lalit IN - Shankar,P Ravi. Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com TI - Personal drug selection: problem-based learning in pharmacology: experience from a medical school in Nepal. SO - PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 2(6):e524, 2007. AS - PLoS ONE. 2(6):e524, 2007. NJ - PloS one PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101285081 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1885826 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/mt [Methods] MH - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/st [Standards] MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nepal MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Schools, Medical MH - *Students, Medical/px [Psychology] MH - Teaching AB - BACKGROUND: At the Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal, Pharmacology is taught during the first four semesters of the undergraduate medical course. Personal or P-drug selection is an important exercise. The present study was carried out to obtain student opinion about the P-drug learning sessions, the assessment examinations, and on the small group dynamics. AB - METHOD: The practical sessions on P-drug selection are carried out in small groups. Student feedback about the session was obtained using focus group discussions. The focus groups were selected to represent both genders and the three main nationalities, Nepalese, Indians, and Sri Lankans. There were four Nepalese, five Indians, and three Sri Lankans. Within each nationality and gender category the students were randomly selected. The respondents were explained the objectives of the study and were invited to participate. Written informed consent was obtained. The discussion lasted around two hours and was conducted in the afternoon in two groups of six students each. The first author (PRS) acted as a facilitator. The responses were recorded and analyzed qualitatively. AB - RESULTS: The overall student opinion was positive. Around 25% (3 respondents) of respondents were confused about whether P-drugs were for a disease or a patient. Group consensus was commonly used to give numerical values for the different criteria. The large number of brands created problems in calculating cost. The students wanted more time for the exercise in the examination. Formative assessment during the learning sessions may be considered. The group members usually got along well. Absenteeism was a problem and not all members put in their full effort. The physical working environment should be improved. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Based on what the students say, the sessions on P-drugs should be continued and strengthened. Modifications in the sessions are required. Sessions during the clinical years and internship training can be considered. NT - Original DateCompleted: 20070803 ES - 1932-6203 IL - 1932-6203 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20070613 DP - 2007 DC - 20070613 YR - 2007 ED - 20100429 RD - 20140904 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17565377 <313. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20141452 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Solomon SS AU - Desai M AU - Srikrishnan AK AU - Thamburaj E AU - Vasudevan CK AU - Kumar MS AU - Solomon S AU - Celentano DD AU - Mehta SH FA - Solomon, Sunil S FA - Desai, Monica FA - Srikrishnan, A K FA - Thamburaj, Easter FA - Vasudevan, C K FA - Kumar, M Suresh FA - Solomon, Suniti FA - Celentano, David D FA - Mehta, Shruti H IN - Solomon,Sunil S. Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. TI - The profile of injection drug users in Chennai, India: identification of risk behaviours and implications for interventions. SO - Substance Use & Misuse. 45(3):354-67, 2010 Feb. AS - Subst Use Misuse. 45(3):354-67, 2010 Feb. NJ - Substance use & misuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - cgg, 9602153 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS227435 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2924430 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Cohort Studies MH - Demography MH - *Drug Users/px [Psychology] MH - Drug Users/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - India MH - Male MH - Risk-Taking MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/px [Psychology] MH - Unsafe Sex/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - We characterize the demographics, injection practices and risk behaviours of 1,158 injection drug users (IDUs) in Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu in southern India, who were recruited during 2005-2006 by community outreach. The median age was 35 years; the majority of IDUs were male, of Tamil ethnicity and married, and earning less than US$75 per month. Most (76%) had injected in the prior month. The median age at first injection was 25 years; the most common drug injected was heroin (80%) followed by buprenorphine. High risk behaviours were common and included needle-sharing, unsafe disposal, and inappropriate cleaning of needles as well as limited condom use. IDUs in India need to be educated on harm reduction and safe-injection practices; Pharmacies could serve as potential venues for HIV prevention interventions among IDUs in India, as most IDUs obtain their needles from pharmacies without prescription. ES - 1532-2491 IL - 1082-6084 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826080903452447 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 2D43 TW000010-20 (United States FIC NIH HHS) NO - D43 TW000010 (United States FIC NIH HHS) NO - D43 TW000010-20 (United States FIC NIH HHS) NO - DA12568 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA15616 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA18577 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - K23 DA015616 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - K23 DA015616-04 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA012568 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA012568-09S1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018577 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018577-03S1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2010 Feb DC - 20100209 YR - 2010 ED - 20100427 RD - 20141204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20141452 <314. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20361571 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ramseier CA AU - Warnakulasuriya S AU - Needleman IG AU - Gallagher JE AU - Lahtinen A AU - Ainamo A AU - Alajbeg I AU - Albert D AU - Al-Hazmi N AU - Antohe ME AU - Beck-Mannagetta J AU - Benzian H AU - Bergstrom J AU - Binnie V AU - Bornstein M AU - Buchler S AU - Carr A AU - Carrassi A AU - Casals Peidro E AU - Chapple I AU - Compton S AU - Crail J AU - Crews K AU - Davis JM AU - Dietrich T AU - Enmark B AU - Fine J AU - Gallagher J AU - Jenner T AU - Forna D AU - Fundak A AU - Gyenes M AU - Hovius M AU - Jacobs A AU - Kinnunen T AU - Knevel R AU - Koerber A AU - Labella R AU - Lulic M AU - Mattheos N AU - McEwen A AU - Ohrn K AU - Polychronopoulou A AU - Preshaw P AU - Radley N AU - Rosseel J AU - Schoonheim-Klein M AU - Suvan J AU - Ulbricht S AU - Verstappen P AU - Walter C AU - Warnakulasuriya S AU - Wennstrom J AU - Wickholm S AU - Zoitopoulos L FA - Ramseier, Christoph A FA - Warnakulasuriya, Saman FA - Needleman, Ian G FA - Gallagher, Jennifer E FA - Lahtinen, Aira FA - Ainamo, Anja FA - Alajbeg, Ivan FA - Albert, David FA - Al-Hazmi, Nadia FA - Antohe, Magda Ecaterina FA - Beck-Mannagetta, Johann FA - Benzian, Habib FA - Bergstrom, Jan FA - Binnie, Viv FA - Bornstein, Michael FA - Buchler, Silvia FA - Carr, Alan FA - Carrassi, Antonio FA - Casals Peidro, Elias FA - Chapple, Ian FA - Compton, Sharon FA - Crail, Jon FA - Crews, Karen FA - Davis, Joan Mary FA - Dietrich, Thomas FA - Enmark, Birgitta FA - Fine, Jared FA - Gallagher, Jennifer FA - Jenner, Tony FA - Forna, Doriana FA - Fundak, Angela FA - Gyenes, Monika FA - Hovius, Marjolijn FA - Jacobs, Annelies FA - Kinnunen, Taru FA - Knevel, Ron FA - Koerber, Anne FA - Labella, Roberto FA - Lulic, Martina FA - Mattheos, Nikos FA - McEwen, Andy FA - Ohrn, Kerstin FA - Polychronopoulou, Argy FA - Preshaw, Philip FA - Radley, Nicki FA - Rosseel, Josine FA - Schoonheim-Klein, Meta FA - Suvan, Jean FA - Ulbricht, Sabina FA - Verstappen, Petra FA - Walter, Clemens FA - Warnakulasuriya, Saman FA - Wennstrom, Jan FA - Wickholm, Seppo FA - Zoitopoulos, Liana IN - Ramseier,Christoph A. Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. christoph.ramseier@zmk.unibe.ch TI - Consensus Report: 2nd European Workshop on Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation for Oral Health Professionals. SO - International Dental Journal. 60(1):3-6, 2010 Feb. AS - Int Dent J. 60(1):3-6, 2010 Feb. NJ - International dental journal PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - gpt, 0374714 SB - Dental Journals SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Consensus MH - Counseling MH - Dental Staff MH - Europe MH - Health Policy MH - Humans MH - Insurance, Dental MH - Mouth Neoplasms/et [Etiology] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Periodontal Diseases/et [Etiology] MH - Tobacco Use Cessation/ec [Economics] MH - Tobacco Use Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/co [Complications] AB - Tobacco use has been identified as a major risk factor for oral disorders such as cancer and periodontal disease. Tobacco use cessation (TUC) is associated with the potential for reversal of precancer, enhanced outcomes following periodontal treatment, and better periodontal status compared to patients who continue to smoke. Consequently, helping tobacco users to quit has become a part of both the responsibility of oral health professionals and the general practice of dentistry. TUC should consist of behavioural support, and if accompanied by pharmacotherapy, is more likely to be successful. It is widely accepted that appropriate compensation of TUC counselling would give oral health professionals greater incentives to provide these measures. Therefore, TUC-related compensation should be made accessible to all dental professionals and be in appropriate relation to other therapeutic interventions. International and national associations for oral health professionals are urged to act as advocates to promote population, community and individual initiatives in support of tobacco use prevention and cessation (TUPAC) counselling, including integration in undergraduate and graduate dental curricula. In order to facilitate the adoption of TUPAC strategies by oral health professionals, we propose a level of care model which includes 1) basic care: brief interventions for all patients in the dental practice to identify tobacco users, assess readiness to quit, and request permission to re-address at a subsequent visit, 2) intermediate care: interventions consisting of (brief) motivational interviewing sessions to build on readiness to quit, enlist resources to support change, and to include cessation medications, and 3) advanced care: intensive interventions to develop a detailed quit plan including the use of suitable pharmacotherapy. To ensure that the delivery of effective TUC becomes part of standard care, continuing education courses and updates should be implemented and offered to all oral health professionals on a regular basis. IS - 0020-6539 IL - 0020-6539 PT - Congresses PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2010 Feb DC - 20100405 YR - 2010 ED - 20100420 RD - 20100629 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20361571 <315. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 20146552 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ruetsch C FA - Ruetsch, Charles IN - Ruetsch,Charles. Health Analytics, LLC, 9250 BendixnRd. N., Ste. 240, Columbia, MD 21045, USA. Charles.Ruetsch@healthanalytic.com. TI - Practice strategies to improve compliance and patient self-management. [Review] [4 refs] SO - Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 16(1 Suppl B):S26-7, 2010 Feb. AS - J Manage Care Pharm. 16(1 Suppl B):S26-7, 2010 Feb. NJ - Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9605854 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Behavior Therapy MH - Chronic Disease MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Patient Care Team MH - *Patient Compliance MH - *Patient Education as Topic MH - *Self Care MH - Treatment Outcome AB - BACKGROUND: Failure in treating opioid dependence is costly to the patient, the employer, managed care organizations, and the overall health care system. Opioid dependent patients tend to be less productive at work and in society and utilize a great many health care resources. Optimizing outcomes is essential. AB - OBJECTIVE: To introduce the benefit of integrated strategies and patient support in the treatment of opioid dependence. AB - SUMMARY: Health Analytics is currently studying the benefit of HereToHelp, a behavioral support program in which registered nurses or addiction treatment counselors with specialized training in addiction education provide information and encouragement to patients receiving pharmacologic treatment for opioid dependence. A total of 470 physicians in 41 states have been enlisted to participate in this patient support study. The study hypothesis is that patients who receive behavioral support and encouragement will be more compliant with their opioid replacement therapy, leading to better outcomes. Additional treatment strategies are also being developed to minimize the risk of abuse and diversion. Prodrugs and vaccines are also being investigated. AB - CONCLUSION: A coordinated team approach is essential in treating pain patients and opioid-dependent patients. Offering behavior modification in addition to pharmacotherapy and utilizing strategies such as prescription monitoring programs, pain contracts, and screening are all vital components necessary for positive outcomes. [References: 4] RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) IS - 1083-4087 IL - 1083-4087 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2010 Feb DC - 20100211 YR - 2010 ED - 20100408 RD - 20141117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=20146552 <316. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19921542 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vorobjov S AU - Uuskula A AU - Abel-Ollo K AU - Talu A AU - Jarlais DD FA - Vorobjov, Sigrid FA - Uuskula, Anneli FA - Abel-Ollo, Katri FA - Talu, Ave FA - Jarlais, Don Des IN - Vorobjov,Sigrid. Estonian Drug Monitoring Centre, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. sigrid.vorobjov@tai.ee TI - Should pharmacists have a role in harm reduction services for IDUs? A qualitative study in Tallinn, Estonia. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 86(6):918-28, 2009 Nov. AS - J Urban Health. 86(6):918-28, 2009 Nov. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2791822 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Estonia MH - Female MH - Focus Groups MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Needle-Exchange Programs/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Professional Role MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/co [Complications] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Despite the high number of injecting drug users (IDUs) in Estonia, little is known about involving pharmacies into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention activities and potential barriers. Similarly, in other Eastern European countries, there is a need for additional sources for clean syringes besides syringe exchange programmes (SEPs), but data on current practices relating to pharmacists' role in harm reduction strategies is scant. Involving pharmacies is especially important for several reasons: they have extended hours of operation and convenient locations compared to SEPs, may provide access for IDUs who have avoided SEPs, and are a trusted health resource in the community. We conducted a series of focus groups with pharmacists and IDUs in Tallinn, Estonia, to explore their attitudes toward the role of pharmacists in HIV prevention activities for IDUs. Many, but not all, pharmacists reported a readiness to sell syringes to IDUs to help prevent HIV transmission. However, negative attitudes toward IDUs in general and syringe sales to them specifically were identified as important factors restricting such sales. The idea of free distribution of clean syringes or other injecting equipment and disposal of used syringes in pharmacies elicited strong resistance. IDUs stated that pharmacies were convenient for acquiring syringes due to their extended opening hours and local distribution. IDUs were positive toward pharmacies, although they were aware of stigma from pharmacists and other customers. They also emphasized the need for distilled water and other injection paraphernalia. In conclusion, there are no formal or legislative obstacles for providing HIV prevention services for IDUs at pharmacies. Addressing negative attitudes through educational courses and involving pharmacists willing to be public health educators in high drug use areas would improve access for HIV prevention services for IDUs. ES - 1468-2869 IL - 1099-3460 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9400-5 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. NO - R01 DA 03574 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20091118 DP - 2009 Nov DC - 20100121 YR - 2009 ED - 20100330 RD - 20141204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19921542 <317. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19911283 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cooper HL AU - Bossak BH AU - Tempalski B AU - Friedman SR AU - Des Jarlais DC FA - Cooper, Hannah L F FA - Bossak, Brian H FA - Tempalski, Barbara FA - Friedman, Samuel R FA - Des Jarlais, Don C IN - Cooper,Hannah L F. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. hcoope3@sph.emory.edu TI - Temporal trends in spatial access to pharmacies that sell over-the-counter syringes in New York City health districts: relationship to local racial/ethnic composition and need. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 86(6):929-45, 2009 Nov. AS - J Urban Health. 86(6):929-45, 2009 Nov. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2791821 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Continental Population Groups/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Ethnic Groups/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Health Services Accessibility/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Health Services Needs and Demand/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - New York City MH - *Pharmacies/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacies/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Time Factors AB - Pharmacies that sell over-the-counter (OTC) syringes are a major source of sterile syringes for injection drug users in cities and states where such sales are legal. In these cities and states, however, black injectors are markedly less likely to acquire syringes from pharmacies than white injectors. The present analysis documents spatial and temporal trends in OTC pharmacy access in New York City health districts over time (2001-2006) and investigates whether these trends are related to district racial/ethnic composition and to local need for OTC pharmacies. For each year of the study period, we used kernel density estimation methods to characterize spatial access to OTC pharmacies within each health district. Higher values on this measure indicate better access to these pharmacies. "Need" was operationalized using two different measures: the number of newly diagnosed injection-related AIDS cases per 10,000 residents (averaged across 1999-2001), and the number of drug-related hospital discharges per 10,000 residents (averaged across 1999-2001). District sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using 2000 US decennial census data. We used hierarchical linear models (HLM) for descriptive and inferential analyses and investigated whether the relationship between need and temporal trajectories in the Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Program access varied by district racial/ethnic composition, controlling for district poverty rates. HLM analyses indicate that the mean spatial access to OTC pharmacies across New York City health districts was 12.71 in 2001 and increased linearly by 1.32 units annually thereafter. Temporal trajectories in spatial access to OTC pharmacies depended on both need and racial/ethnic composition. Within high-need districts, OTC pharmacy access was twice as high in 2001 and increased three times faster annually, in districts with higher proportions of non-Hispanic white residents than in districts with low proportions of these residents. In low-need districts, "whiter" districts had substantially greater baseline access to OTC pharmacies than districts with low proportions of non-Hispanic white residents. Access remained stable thereafter in low-need districts, regardless of racial/ethnic composition. Conclusions were consistent across both measures of "need" and persisted after controlling for local poverty rates. In both high- and low-need districts, spatial access to OTC pharmacies was greater in "Whiter" districts in 2001; in high-need districts, access also increased more rapidly over time in "whiter" districts. Ensuring equitable spatial access to OTC pharmacies may reduce injection-related HIV transmission overall and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in HIV incidence among injectors. ES - 1468-2869 IL - 1099-3460 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9399-7 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 1R21DA023391-01 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Nov DC - 20100121 YR - 2009 ED - 20100330 RD - 20141204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19911283 <318. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19748873 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Trapskin K AU - Johnson C AU - Cory P AU - Sorum S AU - Decker C FA - Trapskin, Kari FA - Johnson, Curtis FA - Cory, Patrick FA - Sorum, Sarah FA - Decker, Chris IN - Trapskin,Kari. Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53717, USA. karit@pswi.org TI - Forging a novel provider and payer partnership in Wisconsin to compensate pharmacists for quality-driven pharmacy and medication therapy management services. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 49(5):642-51, 2009 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 49(5):642-51, 2009 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/ec [Economics] MH - *Cooperative Behavior MH - Health Plan Implementation/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Medication Therapy Management/ec [Economics] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Program Evaluation MH - Quality Assurance, Health Care/ec [Economics] MH - *Quality Assurance, Health Care MH - *Reimbursement Mechanisms/ec [Economics] MH - Wisconsin AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the Wisconsin Pharmacy Quality Collaborative (WPQC), a quality-based network of pharmacies and payers with the common goals of improving medication use and safety, reducing health care costs for payers and patients, and increasing professional recognition and compensation for pharmacist-provided services. AB - SETTING: Wisconsin between 2006 and 2009. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Community (independent, chain, and health-system) pharmacies and private and public health care payers/purchasers with support from the McKesson Corporation. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: This initiative aligns incentives for pharmacies and payers through implementation of 12 quality-based pharmacy requirements as conditions of pharmacy participation in a practice-advancement pilot. Payers compensate network pharmacies that meet the quality-based requirements for two levels of pharmacy professional services (level 1, intervention-based services; level 2, comprehensive medication review and assessment services). AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The pilot project is designed to measure the following outcomes: medication-use quality improvements, frequency and types of services provided, drug therapy problems, patient safety, cost savings, identification of factors that facilitate pharmacist participation, and patient satisfaction. AB - RESULTS: The Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin created the WPQC network, which consists of 53 pharmacies, 106 trained pharmacists, 45 student pharmacists, 6 pharmacy technicians, and 2 initial payers. A quality assurance process is followed approximately quarterly to audit the 12 network quality requirements. An evaluation of this collaboration is being conducted. AB - CONCLUSION: This program demonstrates that collaboration among payers and pharmacists is possible and can result in the development of an incentive-aligned program that stresses quality patient care, standardized services, and professional service compensation for pharmacists. This combination of a quality-based credentialing process with a professional services reimbursement schedule is unique and has the promise to enhance the ambulatory pharmacy practice model. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2009.08158 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2009 Sep-Oct DC - 20090914 YR - 2009 ED - 20100303 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19748873 <319. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19960083 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baldwin JN FA - Baldwin, Jeffrey N IN - Baldwin,Jeffrey N. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, USA. TI - The addicts among us. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 73(7):124, 2009 Nov 12. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 73(7):124, 2009 Nov 12. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2779636 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcoholism/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - *Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Professional Role MH - *Schools, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2009 Nov 12 DC - 20091204 YR - 2009 ED - 20100204 RD - 20141204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19960083 <320. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19885066 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Maffeo C AU - Chase P AU - Brown B AU - Tuohy K AU - Kalsekar I FA - Maffeo, Carrie FA - Chase, Patricia FA - Brown, Bonnie FA - Tuohy, Kevin FA - Kalsekar, Iftekhar IN - Maffeo,Carrie. College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, USA. cmaffeo@butler.edu TI - My First Patient Program to introduce first-year pharmacy students to health promotion and disease prevention. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 73(6):97, 2009 Oct 1. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 73(6):97, 2009 Oct 1. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2769541 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Behavior Therapy MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Health Behavior MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - *Healthy People Programs/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Nutrition Assessment MH - *Primary Prevention/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Program Development MH - Program Evaluation MH - Self-Assessment MH - Stress, Psychological MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Substance-Related Disorders KW - behavior change; disease prevention; health promotion AB - OBJECTIVES: To implement and assess the effectiveness of a program to teach pharmacy students the importance of taking personal responsibility for their health. AB - DESIGN: The My First Patient Program was created and lectures were incorporated into an existing first-year course to introduce the concepts of health beliefs, behavior modification, stress management, substance abuse, and nutrition. Each student received a comprehensive health screening and health risk assessment which they used to develop a personal health portfolio and identify strategies to attain and/or maintain their personal health goals. AB - ASSESSMENT: Student learning was assessed through written assignments and student reflections, follow-up surveys, and course evaluations. Students' attainment of health goals and their ability to identify their personal health status illustrated the positive impact of the program. AB - CONCLUSION: This program serves as a model for colleges and schools of pharmacy and for other health professions in the instruction of health promotion, disease prevention, and behavior modification. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2009 Oct 1 DC - 20091103 YR - 2009 ED - 20100108 RD - 20141204 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19885066 <321. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19443137 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Carter LP AU - Griffiths RR FA - Carter, Lawrence P FA - Griffiths, Roland R IN - Carter,Lawrence P. Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Psychiatric Research Institute-Center for Addiction Research, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States. TI - Principles of laboratory assessment of drug abuse liability and implications for clinical development. [Review] [106 refs] SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 105 Suppl 1:S14-25, 2009 Dec 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 105 Suppl 1:S14-25, 2009 Dec 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS111668 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2763984 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Animals MH - *Behavioral Research/mt [Methods] MH - *Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Risk Assessment/mt [Methods] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Abuse liability testing plays an important role in informing drug development, regulatory processes, and clinical practice. This paper describes the current "gold standard" methodologies that are used for laboratory assessments of abuse liability in non-human and human subjects. Particular emphasis is given to procedures such as non-human drug discrimination, self-administration, and physical dependence testing, and human dose-effect abuse liability studies that are commonly used in regulatory submissions to governmental agencies. The potential benefits and risks associated with the inclusion of measures of abuse liability in industry-sponsored clinical trials is discussed. Lastly, it is noted that many factors contribute to patterns of drug abuse and dependence outside of the laboratory setting and positive or negative signals in abuse liability studies do not always translate to high or low levels of actual abuse or dependence. Well-designed patient and physician education, pharmacovigilance, and postmarketing surveillance can reduce the diversion and misuse of drugs with abuse liability and can effectively foster the protection and promotion of public health. [References: 106] ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.04.003 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - R01 DA003889 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA003889-25 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA03889 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA03890 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20090514 DP - 2009 Dec 1 DC - 20091019 YR - 2009 ED - 20100107 RD - 20141209 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19443137 <322. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19538562 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anthierens S AU - Grypdonck M AU - De Pauw L AU - Christiaens T FA - Anthierens, Sibyl FA - Grypdonck, Mieke FA - De Pauw, Liesbeth FA - Christiaens, Thierry IN - Anthierens,Sibyl. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium. sibyl.anthierens@ugent.be TI - Perceptions of nurses in nursing homes on the usage of benzodiazepines. SO - Journal of Clinical Nursing. 18(22):3098-106, 2009 Nov. AS - J Clin Nurs. 18(22):3098-106, 2009 Nov. NJ - Journal of clinical nursing PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bzz, 9207302 SB - Nursing Journal CP - England MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Benzodiazepines/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Focus Groups MH - Humans MH - *Nurses/px [Psychology] MH - *Nursing Homes/ma [Manpower] AB - AIM: This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study on how nurses perceive their own role in the use of benzodiazepines in nursing homes and to identify the factors that have an impact on the nurses' role in the use of benzodiazepines. AB - BACKGROUND: The use of benzodiazepines in nursing homes is of particular concern, as nursing-home residents receive considerably more benzodiazepines than non-institutionalised older persons. Evidence of their long-term effectiveness is lacking. Nurses are important partners in the decision-making process of starting and discontinuation of benzodiazepines. AB - DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive. AB - METHOD: Three focus group interviews and 10 additional semi-structured interviews were used with 33 registered nurses. The interviews were thematically analysed. AB - FINDINGS: Nurses' main concern is to work towards the comfort of the patient. Benzodiazepines are an easy option with not too many side effects and administration of benzodiazepines is experienced as a routine action. When prescribed they will almost automatically lead to chronic usage as there is no evaluation of their effect. There are three aspects that have an impact on nurse's perceptions of their role in benzodiazepine usage: their own individual attitude and perceptions, their knowledge and organisational factors. AB - CONCLUSION: Nurses do not see benzodiazepines as a problem drug and once a prescription is initiated it will almost automatically lead to chronic usage. Nurses should work towards a pro-active promotion of addressing sleeping problems and they can play a key role in non-pharmacological interventions. AB - RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses can play a key role in suggesting non-pharmacological alternatives. Education to provide more insight into the problems of insomnia and anxiety may positively influence their attitudes and behaviour. All caregivers in nursing homes should be informed about the relevance of this issue. RN - 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines) ES - 1365-2702 IL - 0962-1067 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02758.x PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20090617 DP - 2009 Nov DC - 20091014 YR - 2009 ED - 20091228 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19538562 <323. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19638045 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vallido T AU - Peters K AU - O'Brien L AU - Jackson D FA - Vallido, Tamara FA - Peters, Kathleen FA - O'Brien, Louise FA - Jackson, Debra IN - Vallido,Tamara. School of Nursing, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Penrith South DC, NSW, Australia. TI - Sleep in adolescence: a review of issues for nursing practice. [Review] [54 refs] SO - Journal of Clinical Nursing. 18(13):1819-26, 2009 Jul. AS - J Clin Nurs. 18(13):1819-26, 2009 Jul. NJ - Journal of clinical nursing PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bzz, 9207302 SB - Nursing Journal CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Education, Nursing MH - Humans MH - *Nursing MH - *Sleep Wake Disorders AB - AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to explore the literature to determine what is known about adolescent sleep, the causes and consequences of disturbed sleep in adolescence and the implications this has for nursing practice. AB - BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders are relatively common in young people. Disturbed sleep can be both a cause and a result of ill health and if recognised can indicate psychosocial, psychological or physical difficulties. AB - DESIGN: Literature review. AB - METHODS: Searching of key electronic databases. AB - RESULTS: Disturbed sleep in adolescents has several potential consequences, including daytime sleepiness, reduced academic performance and substance use/abuse. However, despite its significance and frequency, sleep disturbance is an area of adolescent health that is almost entirely unaddressed within the nursing literature. AB - CONCLUSION: Nursing has a role to play in assisting adolescents and their families to recognise the importance of sleep to the general health and well-being of young people. AB - RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: There is a need for nursing to develop tools to assess sleep in adolescent clients and non-pharmaceutical interventions to assist adolescents achieve optimum sleep and rest. Nurses may also contribute to educating adolescents and their families regarding the importance of good sleep hygiene. [References: 54] ES - 1365-2702 IL - 0962-1067 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02812.x PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2009 Jul DC - 20090729 YR - 2009 ED - 20091110 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19638045 <324. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19650948 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Goodfellow LT AU - Waugh JB FA - Goodfellow, Lynda T FA - Waugh, Jonathan B IN - Goodfellow,Lynda T. Respiratory Care Program, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA. ltgoodfellow@gsu.edu TI - Tobacco treatment and prevention: what works and why. [Review] [44 refs] SO - Respiratory Care. 54(8):1082-90, 2009 Aug. AS - Respir Care. 54(8):1082-90, 2009 Aug. NJ - Respiratory care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - qz3, 7510357 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Health Promotion MH - Humans MH - *Nicotine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Nicotinic Agonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Respiratory Therapy MH - Smoking Cessation/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Social Control, Formal AB - Tobacco abuse is one of the main reasons that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Many people kick the habit easily, while others struggle through a difficult cycle of addiction. Respiratory therapists often have contact with patients with chronic lung disease who want to quit smoking but do not know where to begin. Smoking bans and clean air laws are in place across the United States, but this is not enough for a complete tobacco treatment and prevention program. For any successful disease-management program, tobacco-control education and support must be included. Studies show that when pharmacologic interventions are used along with the appropriate counseling and other resources, the success of tobacco cessation increases. This must be understood, because if the regulatory efforts of our governing bodies are not enough and if patients do not receive the care that is essential for disease management and rehabilitation, then how will our role as respiratory therapist matter in any health-care system of the future? The respiratory therapist plays a key role in asking patients, especially newly diagnosed patients with chronic lung disease, if they are smokers and if they are interested in tobacco use interventions. This is a role that should not be taken lightly. [References: 44] RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0020-1324 IL - 0020-1324 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2009 Aug DC - 20090804 YR - 2009 ED - 20091022 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19650948 <325. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19646075 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Saastamoinen LK AU - Klaukka TJ AU - Ilomaki J AU - Enlund H FA - Saastamoinen, L K FA - Klaukka, T J FA - Ilomaki, J FA - Enlund, H IN - Saastamoinen,L K. The Social Insurance Institution, Helsinki, Finland. leena.k.saastamoinen@kela.fi TI - An intervention to develop repeat prescribing in community pharmacy. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics. 34(3):261-5, 2009 Jun. AS - J Clin Pharm Ther. 34(3):261-5, 2009 Jun. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - hpi, 8704308 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Aged MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Female MH - Finland MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Physicians, Family/st [Standards] MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/st [Standards] MH - Prescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Prescription Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Professional Role AB - BACKGROUND: Lack of review of patients' medications in repeat prescribing is common. This and other problems in repeat prescribing need to be addressed. Community pharmacists could be more proactive in the review of chronic medications. AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and effects of pharmacists' interventions in repeat prescribing. AB - METHODS: The normal repeat prescribing process used at Kuopio University Pharmacy and in Kuopio Health Services was developed by an intervention which included a pharmacist's interview and the annual medication data of the patient that were both transferred to the prescribing physician. AB - RESULTS: Physicians in the intervention group identified and solved patients' drug-related problems better than was the case in the comparison group with normal repeat prescribing. Over half the patients receiving repeat prescriptions had at least one drug-related problem. The physicians used more information sources to support repeat prescribing in the intervention system. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Community pharmacists are able to improve the quality of physician's repeat prescribing by providing vital information. RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1365-2710 IL - 0269-4727 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.01003.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2009 Jun DC - 20090803 YR - 2009 ED - 20091022 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19646075 <326. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19587253 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fleming M AU - Olsen D AU - Stathes H AU - Boteler L AU - Grossberg P AU - Pfeifer J AU - Schiro S AU - Banning J AU - Skochelak S FA - Fleming, Michael FA - Olsen, Dale FA - Stathes, Hilary FA - Boteler, Laura FA - Grossberg, Paul FA - Pfeifer, Judie FA - Schiro, Stephanie FA - Banning, Jane FA - Skochelak, Susan IN - Fleming,Michael. Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. mike.fleming@fammed.wisc.edu TI - Virtual reality skills training for health care professionals in alcohol screening and brief intervention. SO - Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: JABFM. 22(4):387-98, 2009 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Board Fam Med. 22(4):387-98, 2009 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101256526 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS92946 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2709742 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Alcoholism/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Clinical Competence MH - *Computer Simulation MH - Female MH - *Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Mass Screening/st [Standards] MH - Middle Aged MH - *User-Computer Interface MH - Wisconsin AB - BACKGROUND: Educating physicians and other health care professionals about the identification and treatment of patients who drink more than recommended limits is an ongoing challenge. AB - METHODS: An educational randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the ability of a stand-alone training simulation to improve the clinical skills of health care professionals in alcohol screening and intervention. The "virtual reality simulation" combined video, voice recognition, and nonbranching logic to create an interactive environment that allowed trainees to encounter complex social cues and realistic interpersonal exchanges. The simulation included 707 questions and statements and 1207 simulated patient responses. AB - RESULTS: A sample of 102 health care professionals (10 physicians; 30 physician assistants or nurse practitioners; 36 medical students; 26 pharmacy, physican assistant, or nurse practitioner students) were randomly assigned to a no training group (n = 51) or a computer-based virtual reality intervention (n = 51). Professionals in both groups had similar pretest standardized patient alcohol screening skill scores: 53.2 (experimental) vs 54.4 (controls), 52.2 vs 53.7 alcohol brief intervention skills, and 42.9 vs 43.5 alcohol referral skills. After repeated practice with the simulation there were significant increases in the scores of the experimental group at 6 months after randomization compared with the control group for the screening (67.7 vs 58.1; P < .001) and brief intervention (58.3 vs 51.6; P < .04) scenarios. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The technology tested in this trial is the first virtual reality simulation to demonstrate an increase in the alcohol screening and brief intervention skills of health care professionals. IS - 1557-2625 IL - 1557-2625 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2009.04.080208 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 1R42 AA016486-01 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R42 AA016486 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R42 AA016486-01 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Jul-Aug DC - 20090709 YR - 2009 ED - 20091013 RD - 20160129 UP - 20160201 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=19587253 <327. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19735211 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Krenzelok EP FA - Krenzelok, Edward P IN - Krenzelok,Edward P. Pittsburgh Poison Center and Drug Information Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. krenzelokep@upmc.edu TI - The FDA Acetaminophen Advisory Committee Meeting - what is the future of acetaminophen in the United States? The perspective of a committee member. SO - Clinical Toxicology: The Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology & European Association of Poisons Centres & Clinical Toxicologists. 47(8):784-9, 2009 Sep. AS - Clin Toxicol (Phila). 47(8):784-9, 2009 Sep. NJ - Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101241654 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Acetaminophen/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Acetaminophen/po [Poisoning] MH - *Advisory Committees MH - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/po [Poisoning] MH - Congresses as Topic MH - Consumer Product Safety MH - Drug Approval/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Drug Approval MH - Drug Combinations MH - Drug Compounding MH - Drug Labeling MH - Drug Overdose/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Government Regulation MH - Humans MH - Nonprescription Drugs/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Nonprescription Drugs/po [Poisoning] MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Prescription Drugs/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Prescription Drugs/po [Poisoning] MH - Risk Assessment MH - United States AB - BACKGROUND: Unintentional acetaminophen toxicity is a common problem throughout the world but particularly in the more developed countries. To deal with the problem, several countries have attempted to decrease the risk of acetaminophen overdose by reducing package sizes. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) convened a joint meeting recently of three Advisory Committees to consider the issue of unintentional acetaminophen-related toxicity and to explore strategies to address the problem. AB - PROPOSALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Three strategies addressed the issue of dose reduction as a way to decrease morbidity and mortality. The FDA proposed a decrease in the maximum daily dose from 4,000 to 3,250 mg, reducing the maximum individual dose from 1,000 to 650 mg and relegating 500 mg tablets to prescription status. The Committees voted in favor of each of those initiatives. Restricting the number of doses that could be purchased by regulating package sizes, as has been done in some European countries, was proposed, but rejected by the Committees. Proposals also addressed the elimination of nonprescription and prescription acetaminophen combination products (e.g., multi-symptom cold relief combinations and acetaminophen/opioid combinations) as a strategy to decrease unintentional poisoning when individuals unknowingly take different products, all of which contain acetaminophen. The Committees rejected the proposal to eliminate the nonprescription combinations but recommended the elimination of prescription combination products. Currently, liquid acetaminophen is available in the United States in three different concentrations. To reduce the confusion associated with the variance in concentrations the Committees voted to have a single concentration for all acetaminophen liquid products. Finally, the Committees voted, almost unanimously, to encourage the FDA to place a boxed warning in the product information to create awareness among prescribers and pharmacists about acetaminophen toxicity and to educate their patients accordingly. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Many of the recommendations were not evidence-based but instead have an anecdotal basis. However, the Committees are advisory to the FDA, their recommendations are not binding and it remains to be seen which of the recommendations will be implemented. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Non-Narcotic) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) ES - 1556-9519 IL - 1556-3650 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650903232345 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2009 Sep DC - 20090925 YR - 2009 ED - 20091013 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19735211 <328. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19587253 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fleming M AU - Olsen D AU - Stathes H AU - Boteler L AU - Grossberg P AU - Pfeifer J AU - Schiro S AU - Banning J AU - Skochelak S FA - Fleming, Michael FA - Olsen, Dale FA - Stathes, Hilary FA - Boteler, Laura FA - Grossberg, Paul FA - Pfeifer, Judie FA - Schiro, Stephanie FA - Banning, Jane FA - Skochelak, Susan IN - Fleming,Michael. Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. mike.fleming@fammed.wisc.edu TI - Virtual reality skills training for health care professionals in alcohol screening and brief intervention. SO - Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: JABFM. 22(4):387-98, 2009 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Board Fam Med. 22(4):387-98, 2009 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101256526 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS92946 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2709742 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Alcoholism/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Clinical Competence MH - *Computer Simulation MH - Female MH - *Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Mass Screening/st [Standards] MH - Middle Aged MH - *User-Computer Interface MH - Wisconsin AB - BACKGROUND: Educating physicians and other health care professionals about the identification and treatment of patients who drink more than recommended limits is an ongoing challenge. AB - METHODS: An educational randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the ability of a stand-alone training simulation to improve the clinical skills of health care professionals in alcohol screening and intervention. The "virtual reality simulation" combined video, voice recognition, and nonbranching logic to create an interactive environment that allowed trainees to encounter complex social cues and realistic interpersonal exchanges. The simulation included 707 questions and statements and 1207 simulated patient responses. AB - RESULTS: A sample of 102 health care professionals (10 physicians; 30 physician assistants or nurse practitioners; 36 medical students; 26 pharmacy, physican assistant, or nurse practitioner students) were randomly assigned to a no training group (n = 51) or a computer-based virtual reality intervention (n = 51). Professionals in both groups had similar pretest standardized patient alcohol screening skill scores: 53.2 (experimental) vs 54.4 (controls), 52.2 vs 53.7 alcohol brief intervention skills, and 42.9 vs 43.5 alcohol referral skills. After repeated practice with the simulation there were significant increases in the scores of the experimental group at 6 months after randomization compared with the control group for the screening (67.7 vs 58.1; P < .001) and brief intervention (58.3 vs 51.6; P < .04) scenarios. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The technology tested in this trial is the first virtual reality simulation to demonstrate an increase in the alcohol screening and brief intervention skills of health care professionals. IS - 1557-2625 IL - 1557-2625 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2009.04.080208 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 1R42 AA016486-01 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R42 AA016486-01 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Jul-Aug DC - 20090709 YR - 2009 ED - 20091013 RD - 20141207 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19587253 <329. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19463198 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Peadon E AU - Rhys-Jones B AU - Bower C AU - Elliott EJ FA - Peadon, Elizabeth FA - Rhys-Jones, Biarta FA - Bower, Carol FA - Elliott, Elizabeth J IN - Peadon,Elizabeth. Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia. elizabp5@chw.edu.au TI - Systematic review of interventions for children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. [Review] [39 refs] SO - BMC Pediatrics. 9:35, 2009. AS - BMC Pediatr. 9:35, 2009. NJ - BMC pediatrics PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100967804 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2698825 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/th [Therapy] MH - Antipsychotic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/et [Etiology] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/th [Therapy] MH - Behavior Therapy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Communication Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Communication Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Communication Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Early Intervention (Education)/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Exercise Therapy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Learning Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Learning Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Learning Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Male MH - Methylphenidate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Occupational Therapy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Physical Therapy Modalities/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pregnancy MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Social Support MH - Speech Therapy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - BACKGROUND: Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) may have significant neurobehavioural problems persisting into adulthood. Early diagnosis may decrease the risk of adverse life outcomes. However, little is known about effective interventions for children with FASD. Our aim is to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify and evaluate the evidence for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for children with FASD. AB - METHODS: We did an electronic search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and ERIC for clinical studies (Randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi RCT, controlled trials and pre- and post-intervention studies) which evaluated pharmacological, behavioural, speech therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, psychosocial and educational interventions and early intervention programs. Participants were aged under 18 years with a diagnosis of a FASD. Selection of studies for inclusion and assessment of study quality was undertaken independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was not possible due to diversity in the interventions and outcome measures. AB - RESULTS: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Methodological weaknesses were common, including small sample sizes; inadequate study design and short term follow up. Pharmacological interventions, evaluated in two studies (both RCT) showed some benefit from stimulant medications. Educational and learning strategies (three RCT) were evaluated in seven studies. There was some evidence to suggest that virtual reality training, cognitive control therapy, language and literacy therapy, mathematics intervention and rehearsal training for memory may be beneficial strategies. Three studies evaluating social communication and behavioural strategies (two RCT) suggested that social skills training may improve social skills and behaviour at home and Attention Process Training may improve attention. AB - CONCLUSION: There is limited good quality evidence for specific interventions for managing FASD, however seven randomized controlled trials that address specific functional deficits of children with FASD are underway or recently completed. [References: 39] RN - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) ES - 1471-2431 IL - 1471-2431 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-9-35 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English EP - 20090525 DP - 2009 DC - 20090622 YR - 2009 ED - 20091002 RD - 20141209 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19463198 <330. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19444729 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Niehaus JL AU - Cruz-Bermudez ND AU - Kauer JA FA - Niehaus, Jason L FA - Cruz-Bermudez, Nelson D FA - Kauer, Julie A IN - Niehaus,Jason L. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. TI - Plasticity of addiction: a mesolimbic dopamine short-circuit?. [Review] [148 refs] SO - American Journal on Addictions. 18(4):259-71, 2009 Jul-Aug. AS - Am J Addict. 18(4):259-71, 2009 Jul-Aug. NJ - The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9208821 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS295331 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3125054 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Dopamine/me [Metabolism] MH - Health Status MH - Humans MH - Learning MH - Memory MH - *Nerve Net/me [Metabolism] MH - *Neuronal Plasticity/ph [Physiology] MH - Nicotine/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Nicotinic Agonists/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Nucleus Accumbens/me [Metabolism] MH - Receptors, AMPA/me [Metabolism] MH - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/me [Metabolism] MH - Recurrence MH - Reward MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/me [Metabolism] AB - The development of drug addiction progresses along a continuum from acute drug use to compulsive use and drug seeking behavior. Many researchers have focused on identifying the physiological mechanisms involved in drug addiction in order to develop effective pharmacotherapies. Neuroplasticity, the putative mechanism underlying learning and memory, is modified by drugs of abuse and may contribute to the development of the eventual addicted state. Innovative treatments directly targeting these drug-induced changes in brain reward components and circuits may be efficacious in reducing drug use and relapse. [References: 148] RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 0 (Receptors, AMPA) RN - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) ES - 1521-0391 IL - 1055-0496 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490902925946 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA011289 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA024527 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011289 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011289-09A1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011289-10 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011289-11 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011289-11S1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011289-12 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA011289-13 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Jul-Aug DC - 20090515 YR - 2009 ED - 20090921 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19444729 <331. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19589449 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schane RE AU - Glantz SA AU - Ling PM FA - Schane, Rebecca E FA - Glantz, Stanton A FA - Ling, Pamela M IN - Schane,Rebecca E. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. TI - Social smoking implications for public health, clinical practice, and intervention research. SO - American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 37(2):124-31, 2009 Aug. AS - Am J Prev Med. 37(2):124-31, 2009 Aug. NJ - American journal of preventive medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8704773, apl OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS152266 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2771192 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Attitude to Health MH - Behavioral Research/mt [Methods] MH - Health Education/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Marketing/mt [Methods] MH - Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Social Behavior MH - *Tobacco Industry AB - BACKGROUND: Social smoking is increasingly prevalent and poses a challenge to traditional cessation practices. Tobacco companies conducted extensive research on social smokers long before health authorities did and marketed products to promote this smoking behavior. AB - PURPOSE: Research is described and mechanisms identified that are used to promote social smoking to help improve cessation strategies in this growing group. AB - EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Searches from 2006 to 2008 of previously secret tobacco industry documents using keywords social smoker, light smoker, casual smoker, youth smoker, and occasional smoker, followed by snowball searching. Data analysis was conducted in 2008. AB - EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Tobacco industry research identified characteristics of social smokers that include: (1) denial of personal nicotine addiction; (2) self-categorization as a nonsmoker; (3) propensity for decreased tobacco use in response to smoke-free laws; (4) variations in age, education, ethnicity, and socioeconomic backgrounds; and (5) a perceived immunity to personal health effects of tobacco but fear of consequences to others. Tobacco companies developed marketing strategies aimed at social smokers, including "non-habit forming" cigarettes. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Previously considered a transient behavior, social smoking is also a stable consumption pattern. Focused clinical questions to detect social smoking are needed and may include, "Have you smoked any cigarettes or used any tobacco products in the past month?" as opposed to "Are you a smoker?" Clinicians should recognize that social smokers might be motivated to quit after education on the dangers of secondhand smoke rather than on personal health risks or with pharmacotherapy. ES - 1873-2607 IL - 0749-3797 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.020 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - CA-113710 (United States NCI NIH HHS) NO - CA-87472 (United States NCI NIH HHS) NO - R25 CA113710 (United States NCI NIH HHS) NO - R25 CA113710-04 (United States NCI NIH HHS) NO - T32HL007185 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Aug DC - 20090710 YR - 2009 ED - 20090916 RD - 20141207 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19589449 <332. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19648999 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Mirkov S FA - Mirkov, Sanja IN - Mirkov,Sanja. Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand. smirkov@middlemore.co.nz TI - Implementation of a pharmacist medication review clinic for haemodialysis patients. SO - New Zealand Medical Journal. 122(1297):25-37, 2009 Jun 19. AS - N Z Med J. 122(1297):25-37, 2009 Jun 19. NJ - The New Zealand medical journal PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - obq, 0401067 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Critical Pathways MH - *Drug Utilization Review MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Kidney Failure, Chronic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Kidney Failure, Chronic/th [Therapy] MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - New Zealand/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Polypharmacy MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Renal Dialysis MH - *Role MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - AIMS: To implement the Pharmacist Medication Review Clinic and establish a sustainable clinical pharmacy service. AB - METHODS: Prospective clinical medication review conducted by trained clinical pharmacists using standardised tools. Pharmacists' intervention included medication recommendation and patient education. AB - RESULTS: From December 2007 to July 2008, medication reviews were conducted with 64 haemodialysis patients. Patients were taking on average 13 medications. Drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified in 92% of medication reviews (a total of 278 DRPs). The major DRP was non-adherence with medication regimen (33%), followed by medication requiring dose decrease (9.3%) and indication requiring new medication (8.6%). The risk factors for multiple DRPs were ethnicity, length of time on dialysis and age. New Zealand (NZ) Maori and Pacific Peoples were more likely to have more than three DRPs compared to patients of European descent. (NZ Maori: OR 7.49, 95%CI 1.15-48.9, p=0.035; Pacific Peoples: OR 5.4, 95%CI 0.96-30.34, p=0.055) and patients who spent 3.5 to 6.3 years on dialysis (OR 7.48, 95%CI 1.45-38.76, p=0.016). Patients older than 55 were less likely to have more than three DRPs compared to younger patients (OR 0.14, 95%CI 0.03-0.69, p=0.016). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led medication review clinic identified drug-related problems (DRPs) and risk factors for DRPs in haemodialysis patients. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) ES - 1175-8716 IL - 0028-8446 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20090619 DP - 2009 Jun 19 DC - 20090803 YR - 2009 ED - 20090915 RD - 20101022 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19648999 <333. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19564995 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lee SS AU - Schwemm AK AU - Reist J AU - Cantrell M AU - Andreski M AU - Doucette WR AU - Chrischilles EA AU - Farris KB FA - Lee, Sarah Snyder FA - Schwemm, Ann K FA - Reist, Jeffrey FA - Cantrell, Matthew FA - Andreski, Michael FA - Doucette, William R FA - Chrischilles, Elizabeth A FA - Farris, Karen B IN - Lee,Sarah Snyder. Kansas University Medical Center, KS, USA. TI - Pharmacists' and pharmacy students' ability to identify drug-related problems using TIMER (Tool to Improve Medications in the Elderly via Review). SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 73(3):52, 2009 May 27. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 73(3):52, 2009 May 27. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2703287 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Aged/ph [Physiology] MH - *Drug Therapy/is [Instrumentation] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Pharmacies MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Young Adult KW - community pharmacy; drug-related problems; elderly; medication therapy management AB - OBJECTIVE: Determine the effectiveness of TIMER (Tool to Improve Medications in the Elderly via Review) in helping pharmacists and pharmacy students identify drug-related problems during patient medication reviews. AB - METHODS: In a randomized, controlled study design, geriatric patient cases were sent to 136 pharmacists and 108 third-year pharmacy students who were asked to identify drug related-problems (DRPs) with and without using TIMER. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists identified more tool-related DRPs using TIMER (p = 0.027). Pharmacy students identified more tool-related DRPs using TIMER in the first case (p = 0.02), but not in the second. AB - CONCLUSION: TIMER increased the number of DRPs identified by practicing pharmacists and pharmacy students during medication reviews of hypothetical patient cases. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 1 U18 HS 016094-01 (United States AHRQ HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 May 27 DC - 20090630 YR - 2009 ED - 20090911 RD - 20141207 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19564995 <334. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19550234 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Switzer JA AU - Jaglal S AU - Bogoch ER FA - Switzer, Julie A FA - Jaglal, Susan FA - Bogoch, Earl R IN - Switzer,Julie A. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55101, USA. julie.a.switzer@healthpartners.com TI - Overcoming barriers to osteoporosis care in vulnerable elderly patients with hip fractures. [Review] [74 refs] SO - Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 23(6):454-9, 2009 Jul. AS - J Orthop Trauma. 23(6):454-9, 2009 Jul. NJ - Journal of orthopaedic trauma PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - jh4, 8807705 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Female MH - Femoral Neck Fractures/co [Complications] MH - *Femoral Neck Fractures/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Femoral Neck Fractures/th [Therapy] MH - *Geriatric Assessment/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Osteoporosis/co [Complications] MH - *Osteoporosis/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Osteoporosis/th [Therapy] MH - Risk Assessment AB - Indications for and benefits of providing osteoporosis (OP) care for hip fracture patients have become widely understood. The hip fracture patient is frequently over age 80 years, minimally ambulatory, has multiple medical comorbidities, and has cognitive impairment. Patient barriers to initiation of effective OP treatment include: age, dementia, medical comorbidities, polypharmacy, lack of adherence with treatment, alcohol abuse, postoperative delirium, language barriers, inadequate social support, and socioeconomic status. In a large teaching hospital, 244 patients presented with hip fracture over 2 years: 72% were female and 64% were over age 80. Forty percent had been diagnosed with dementia; another 29% had other severe medical comorbidities.Opportunities for OP diagnosis and treatment are numerous. In acute care hospitals, coordinator facilitated programs are effective for identification, education, assessment, referral, and treatment of underlying OP in fracture patients. System modifications may include an automated care path or automatic specialist referral for hip fracture patients. In the rehabilitation hospital, the patients are in a more stable condition, there is a focus on the recent fracture, and there are opportunities to initiate OP treatment and to promote adherence. In long-term care, dietary intake including calcium and vitamin D supplementation and persistence with pharmacotherapy can be monitored. Patient education and referral to the family physician for osteoporosis investigation and treatment have improved patient knowledge and diagnosis, but the reported impact on treatment has been limited.Effective OP care for the vulnerable hip fracture patient should be initiated early but may be complex and require coordination. In addition to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, most patients in this category have an indication for aminobisphosphonate therapy. Liaison between the orthopaedic team and the discharge destination caregivers, an established discharge diagnosis of osteoporosis, and ensuring patients are discharged on supplements and medication will promote patient, caregiver, and primary care physician awareness of the patient's OP care needs. Education programs may provide benefits at later stages, to improve adherence with treatment. [References: 74] ES - 1531-2291 IL - 0890-5339 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0b013e31815e92d2 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2009 Jul DC - 20090624 YR - 2009 ED - 20090902 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19550234 <335. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19468008 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Colombet I AU - Sabatier B AU - Gillaizeau F AU - Prognon P AU - Begue D AU - Durieux P FA - Colombet, I FA - Sabatier, B FA - Gillaizeau, F FA - Prognon, P FA - Begue, D FA - Durieux, P IN - Colombet,I. INSERM, UMR_S 872, Paris, France. isabelle.colombet@egp.aphp.fr TI - Long-term effects of a multifaceted intervention to encourage the choice of the oral route for proton pump inhibitors: an interrupted time-series analysis. SO - Quality & Safety in Health Care. 18(3):232-5, 2009 Jun. AS - Qual Saf Health Care. 18(3):232-5, 2009 Jun. NJ - Quality & safety in health care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101136980 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - England MH - Administration, Oral MH - France MH - Guideline Adherence MH - Humans MH - Infusions, Intravenous MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Proton Pump Inhibitors/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Reminder Systems AB - PROBLEM: Drugs are often given intravenously even when the patient is able to swallow and when an oral form would be more cost-effective. AB - DESIGN: Evaluation of the impact of a multifaceted intervention on the early switch from intravenous to oral administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in a hospital setting. The interrupted time series of intravenous PPI consumption was analysed. AB - BACKGROUND AND SETTING: At a French University Hospital, the Drug Committee, composed of multidisciplinary pharmacy and medical staff, addressed the issue of increasing consumption of intravenous PPI drugs (May 2003). AB - STRATEGY FOR CHANGE: Letters to department heads, academic analyses from members of the Drug Committee, paper reminders at the point of care and audit-feedbacks by pharmacists. Monitoring of consumption and repeated reminder letters were planned. EFFECT OF CHANGE: The consumption of PPI was stable before the first intervention (mean level: 954 units/month). An immediate decrease occurred after the first Drug Committee letter (30% relative reduction, 95% CI -16% to -46%; p<0.001) with a significant trend change during the first multifaceted intervention (-24 units/month, 95% CI -42 to -7; p = 0.007). After the end of the outreach visits (July 2004), the consumptions increased (+32 units/month, 95% CI: 14 to 50, p<0.001). The second intervention had no significant impact. AB - LESSONS LEARNT: A complex intervention (audit, feedbacks, outreach visits) had an effect on practice. It was not sustained even after a less resource-intensive intervention. Other types of interventions are needed that could be continuously implemented to improve ordering practices long term. RN - 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors) ES - 1475-3901 IL - 1475-3898 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2007.023887 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2009 Jun DC - 20090526 YR - 2009 ED - 20090824 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19468008 <336. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19401620 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bech P FA - Bech, P IN - Bech,P. Psychiatric Research Unit, Frederiksborg General Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark. pebe@noh.regionh.dk TI - Fifty years with the Hamilton scales for anxiety and depression. A tribute to Max Hamilton. SO - Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics. 78(4):202-11, 2009. AS - Psychother Psychosom. 78(4):202-11, 2009. NJ - Psychotherapy and psychosomatics PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - qha, 0024046 SB - Index Medicus CP - Switzerland MH - *Anxiety Disorders/hi [History] MH - *Depressive Disorder/hi [History] MH - England MH - History, 20th Century MH - Humans MH - *Personality Inventory/hi [History] MH - *Psychiatry/hi [History] PN - Hamilton M AB - From the moment Max Hamilton started his psychiatric education, he considered psychometrics to be a scientific discipline on a par with biochemistry or pharmacology in clinical research. His clinimetric skills were in operation in the 1950s when randomised clinical trials were established as the method for the evaluation of the clinical effects of psychotropic drugs. Inspired by Eysenck, Hamilton took the long route around factor analysis in order to qualify his scales for anxiety (HAM-A) and depression (HAM-D) as scientific tools. From the moment when, 50 years ago, Hamilton published his first placebo-controlled trial with an experimental anti-anxiety drug, he realized the dialectic problem in using the total score on HAM-A as a sufficient statistic for the measurement of outcome. This dialectic problem has been investigated for more than 50 years with different types of factor analyses without success. Using modern psychometric methods, the solution to this problem is a simple matter of reallocating the Hamilton scale items according to the scientific hypothesis under examination. Hamilton's original intention, to measure the global burden of the symptoms experienced by the patients with affective disorders, is in agreement with the DSM-IV and ICD-10 classification systems. Scale reliability and obtainment of valid information from patients and their relatives were the most important clinimetric innovations to be developed by Hamilton. Max Hamilton therefore belongs to the very exclusive family of eminent physicians celebrated by this journal with a tribute.Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel. ES - 1423-0348 IL - 0033-3190 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000214441 PT - Biography PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20090428 DP - 2009 DC - 20090609 YR - 2009 ED - 20090821 RD - 20091111 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19401620 <337. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19513148 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Donihi AC AU - Weber RJ AU - Sirio CA AU - Mark SM AU - Meyer SM FA - Donihi, Amy Calabrese FA - Weber, Robert J FA - Sirio, Carl A FA - Mark, Scott M FA - Meyer, Susan M IN - Donihi,Amy Calabrese. University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. calabresea@upmc.edu TI - An advanced pharmacy practice experience in inpatient medication education. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 73(1):11, 2009 Feb 19. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 73(1):11, 2009 Feb 19. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2690869 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Educational Measurement MH - Humans MH - Patient Care/mt [Methods] MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Students, Pharmacy KW - advanced pharmacy practice experience; hospital; medication therapy management; patient education AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe a unique advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in which pharmacy students provided medication education to hospitalized patients. AB - DESIGN: Students were trained to independently assess patients' needs for education and identify drug-related problems. Students then provided medication education and performed medication therapy management under the supervision of clinical staff pharmacists. To assess the impact of the APPE, the number of hospitalized patients assessed and educated during the 3-month time period prior to student involvement was compared to the first 3 months of the APPE. AB - ASSESSMENT: Student participation increased the number of patients receiving medication education and medication therapy management from the hospital pharmacy. At the end of the APPE, students reported that the experience positively affected their ability to impact patients' care and to critique their own learning and skills. AB - CONCLUSION: The inpatient medication education APPE provided students the opportunity to be responsible and accountable for the provision of direct patient care. In addition, the APPE benefitted the hospital, the school of pharmacy, and, most importantly, the patients. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 1U18 HS015851 (United States AHRQ HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Feb 19 DC - 20090610 YR - 2009 ED - 20090817 RD - 20141209 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19513148 <338. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18604598 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Seu E AU - Lang A AU - Rivera RJ AU - Jentsch JD FA - Seu, Emanuele FA - Lang, Andrew FA - Rivera, Ronald J FA - Jentsch, J David IN - Seu,Emanuele. Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, P.O. Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. jentsch@psych.ucla.edu TI - Inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter improves behavioral flexibility in rats and monkeys. SO - Psychopharmacology. 202(1-3):505-19, 2009 Jan. AS - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 202(1-3):505-19, 2009 Jan. NJ - Psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - qgi, 7608025 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS70491 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2634830 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Animals MH - Atomoxetine Hydrochloride MH - *Behavior, Animal/de [Drug Effects] MH - Cercopithecus aethiops MH - Choice Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Desipramine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Discrimination (Psychology)/de [Drug Effects] MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Male MH - Memory/de [Drug Effects] MH - Methylphenidate/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] MH - Piperazines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Propylamines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Psychomotor Performance/de [Drug Effects] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Long-Evans MH - Reversal Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Space Perception/de [Drug Effects] AB - RATIONALE: Poor cognitive control, including reversal learning deficits, has been reported in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in stimulant-dependent humans, and in animal models of these disorders; these conditions have each been associated with abnormal catecholaminergic function within the prefrontal cortex. AB - OBJECTIVES: In the current studies, we sought to explore how elevations in extracellular catecholamine levels, produced by pharmacological inhibition of catecholamine reuptake proteins, affect behavioral flexibility in rats and monkeys. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Long-Evans rats and vervet monkeys were trained, respectively, on a four-position discrimination task or a three-choice visual discrimination task. Following systemic administration of pharmacological inhibitors of the dopamine and/or norepinephrine membrane transporters, rats and monkeys were exposed to retention or reversal of acquired discriminations. AB - RESULTS: In accordance with our a priori hypothesis, we found that drugs that inhibit norepinephrine transporters, such as methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and desipramine, improved reversal performance in rats and monkeys; this was mainly due to a decrease in the number of perseverative errors. Interestingly, the mixed dopamine and norepinephrine transporters inhibitor methylphenidate, if anything, impaired performance during retention in both rats and monkeys, while administration of the selective dopamine transporter inhibitor GBR-12909 increased premature responses but did not alter reversal learning performance. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of the membrane norepinephrine, but not membrane dopamine, transporter is associated with enhanced behavioral flexibility. These data, combined with earlier reports, may indicate that enhanced extracellular catecholamine levels in cortical regions, secondary to norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, improves multiple aspects of inhibitory control over responding in rats and monkeys. RN - 0 (Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins) RN - 0 (Piperazines) RN - 0 (Propylamines) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) RN - 57WVB6I2W0 (Atomoxetine Hydrochloride) RN - 90X28IKH43 (vanoxerine) RN - TG537D343B (Desipramine) ES - 1432-2072 IL - 0033-3158 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1250-4 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - P20 DA022539 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P20 DA022539-017626 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P20 DA022539-026122 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P20 DA022539-037588 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P20-DA22539 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P50 MH077248 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - P50 MH077248-01 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - P50 MH077248-02 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - P50 MH077248-03 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - P50-MH77248 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - RL1 MH083270 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - RL1 MH083270-01 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - RL1 MH083270-02 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20080707 DP - 2009 Jan DC - 20090202 YR - 2009 ED - 20090805 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18604598 <339. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19491320 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Karapinar-Carkit F AU - Borgsteede SD AU - Zoer J AU - Smit HJ AU - Egberts AC AU - van den Bemt PM FA - Karapinar-Carkit, Fatma FA - Borgsteede, Sander D FA - Zoer, Jan FA - Smit, Henk J FA - Egberts, Antoine C G FA - van den Bemt, Patricia M L A IN - Karapinar-Carkit,Fatma. Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands. TI - Effect of medication reconciliation with and without patient counseling on the number of pharmaceutical interventions among patients discharged from the hospital. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 43(6):1001-10, 2009 Jun. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 43(6):1001-10, 2009 Jun. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Directive Counseling MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medical History Taking/mt [Methods] MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - Netherlands MH - Patient Discharge/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Prospective Studies MH - Quality of Health Care AB - BACKGROUND: Hospital admissions are a risk factor for the occurrence of unintended medication discrepancies between drugs used before admission and after discharge. To diminish such discrepancies and improve quality of care, medication reconciliation has been developed. The exact contribution of patient counseling to the medication reconciliation process is unknown, especially not when compared with community pharmacy medication records, which are considered reliable in the Netherlands. AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of medication reconciliation with and without patient counseling among patients at the time of hospital discharge on the number and type of interventions aimed at preventing drug-related problems. AB - METHODS: A prospective observational study in a general teaching hospital was performed. Patients discharged from the pulmonology department were included. A pharmacy team assessed the interventions with and without patient counseling on discharge medications for each patient. AB - RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-two patients were included. Medication reconciliation without patient counseling was responsible for at least one intervention in 87% of patients (mean 2.7 interventions/patient). After patient counseling, at least one intervention (mean 5.3 interventions/patient) was performed in 97% of patients. After patient counseling, discharge prescriptions were frequently adjusted due to discrepancies in use or need of drug therapy. Most interventions led to the start of medication due to omission and dose changes due to incorrect dosages being prescribed. Patients also addressed their problems/concerns with use of the drug, which were discussed before discharge. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Significantly more interventions were identified after patient counseling. Therefore, patient information is essential in medication reconciliation. ES - 1542-6270 IL - 1060-0280 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1L597 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20090602 DP - 2009 Jun DC - 20090604 YR - 2009 ED - 20090803 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19491320 <340. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19199073 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fitzgerald N AU - Watson H AU - McCaig D AU - Stewart D FA - Fitzgerald, Niamh FA - Watson, Hazel FA - McCaig, Dorothy FA - Stewart, Derek IN - Fitzgerald,Niamh. Director, Create Consultancy, Glasgow, G51 3BA, Scotland/Senior Research Fellow, School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen AB10 1FR, Scotland, UK. TI - Developing and evaluating training for community pharmacists to deliver interventions on alcohol issues. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 31(2):149-53, 2009 Apr. AS - Pharm World Sci. 31(2):149-53, 2009 Apr. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Alcohol-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Community Pharmacy Services MH - Competency-Based Education MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Professional Competence MH - *Psychotherapy, Brief/ed [Education] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate community pharmacists' readiness to provide brief interventions on alcohol and to use study findings to develop training to enable them to screen for hazardous or harmful drinking and intervene appropriately. AB - SETTING: Community pharmacies in Scotland. AB - METHOD: Eight community pharmacies in Greater Glasgow, Scotland were purposively selected on the basis of pharmacy (independent, multiple), population deprivation index, location (rural, urban, suburban), and local level of hospital admissions for alcohol misuse. Baseline pharmacist telephone interviews covered: current practice; attitudes towards a proactive role; and perceived training needs. A two-day course was designed focusing on: consequences of problem alcohol use; attitudes; sensible drinking; familiarity with client screening using the Fast Alcohol Screening Tool; brief interventions and motivational interviewing. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge of problem alcohol use and brief interventions; attitudes; competence. Results Participants felt it was feasible for trained pharmacists to provide brief interventions. Core training needs centred on communication and alcohol related knowledge. The training course was positively evaluated and led to increases in knowledge, attitudinal scores and self related competence. AB - CONCLUSION: A training programme for pharmacists to deliver brief interventions to problem drinkers was successfully delivered resulting in enhanced knowledge, attitudinal scores and self related competence. ES - 1573-739X IL - 0928-1231 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-009-9284-1 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20090207 DP - 2009 Apr DC - 20090324 YR - 2009 ED - 20090803 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19199073 <341. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19067223 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Locca JF AU - Ruggli M AU - Buchmann M AU - Huguenin J AU - Bugnon O FA - Locca, Jean-Francois FA - Ruggli, Martine FA - Buchmann, Michel FA - Huguenin, Jacques FA - Bugnon, Olivier IN - Locca,Jean-Francois. Community Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Pharmacie de la PMU, Rue du Bugnon 44, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. TI - Development of pharmaceutical care services in nursing homes: practice and research in a Swiss canton. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 31(2):165-73, 2009 Apr. AS - Pharm World Sci. 31(2):165-73, 2009 Apr. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Costs/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nursing Homes/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Nursing Homes/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/mt [Methods] MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians' MH - Program Evaluation MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Switzerland AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the implementation process and economic impact of a new pharmaceutical care service provided since 2002 by pharmacists in Swiss nursing homes. AB - SETTING: The setting was 42 nursing homes located in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland under the responsibility of 22 pharmacists. AB - METHOD: We developed different facilitators, such as a monitoring system, a coaching program, and a research project, to help pharmacists change their practice and to improve implementation of this new service. We evaluated the implementation rate of the service delivered in nursing homes. We assessed the economic impact of the service since its start in 2002 using statistical evaluation (Chow test) with retrospective analysis of the annual drug costs per resident over an 8-year period (1998-2005). AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The description of the facilitators and their implications in implementation of the service; the economic impact of the service since its start in 2002. AB - RESULTS: In 2005, after a 4-year implementation period supported by the introduction of facilitators of practice change, all 42 nursing homes (2,214 residents) had implemented the pharmaceutical care service. The annual drug costs per resident decreased by about 16.4% between 2002 and 2005; this change proved to be highly significant. The performance of the pharmacists continuously improved using a specific coaching program including an annual expert comparative report, working groups, interdisciplinary continuing education symposia, and individual feedback. This research project also determined priorities to develop practice guidelines to prevent drug-related problems in nursing homes, especially in relation to the use of psychotropic drugs. AB - CONCLUSION: The pharmaceutical care service was fully and successfully implemented in Fribourg's nursing homes within a period of 4 years. These findings highlight the importance of facilitators designed to assist pharmacists in the implementation of practice changes. The economic impact was confirmed on a large scale, and priorities for clinical and pharmacoeconomic research were identified in order to continue to improve the quality of integrated care for the elderly. ES - 1573-739X IL - 0928-1231 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-008-9273-9 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20081206 DP - 2009 Apr DC - 20090324 YR - 2009 ED - 20090803 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19067223 <342. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19589764 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lord S AU - Downs G AU - Furtaw P AU - Chaudhuri A AU - Silverstein A AU - Gammaitoni A AU - Budman S FA - Lord, Sarah FA - Downs, George FA - Furtaw, Paul FA - Chaudhuri, Anamika FA - Silverstein, Amy FA - Gammaitoni, Arnold FA - Budman, Simon IN - Lord,Sarah. National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York, USA. lord@ndri.org TI - Nonmedical use of prescription opioids and stimulants among student pharmacists. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 49(4):519-28, 2009 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 49(4):519-28, 2009 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid MH - Attention/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Educational Status MH - European Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/eh [Ethnology] MH - Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Peer Group MH - *Prescription Drugs MH - Prevalence MH - Recreation MH - Risk Factors MH - *Schools, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Sex Factors MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/eh [Ethnology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Young Adult AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and patterns of nonmedical use of prescription opioid analgesics and stimulants among student pharmacists. AB - DESIGN: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. AB - SETTING: Private urban college of pharmacy in the United States in fall 2006. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 1,538 PharmD students. AB - INTERVENTION: Online survey. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lifetime and past-year nonmedical prescription opioid and stimulant use. AB - RESULTS: Response rate for the survey was 62%. Lifetime prevalence of opioid misuse was 8%, and 5% of students had misused in the past year. Lifetime prevalence of stimulant misuse was 7%, and 5% had misused in the past year. Whites and fraternity or sorority members were more likely than their peers to have ever misused opioids. Past-year opioid misuse was more likely among whites, men, and low academic achievers compared with their peers. Lifetime stimulant misuse was more likely among students who were white, older, and fraternity or sorority members, while past-year misuse was more likely among whites and low academic achievers. Common motives for opioid misuse were to have fun, to relax, and to deal with chronic pain. Stimulants were used to improve concentration and academic performance. Friends were the most common source of prescription opioids and stimulants. Nonmedical prescription use was associated with greater likelihood of alcohol and other illicit substance use. AB - CONCLUSION: The prevalence of prescription medication misuse among student pharmacists was lower than (opioids) or comparable with (stimulants) reported rates in college populations. Subgroups of students demonstrated higher rates of nonmedical use, including whites, students involved with fraternities or sororities, and low academic achievers. That friends were the primary source of misused medications indicates that diversion of prescription-only controlled substances likely occurs among student pharmacists. Nonmedical prescription medication use should be considered in the context of other substance use. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2009.08027 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2009 Jul-Aug DC - 20090710 YR - 2009 ED - 20090723 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19589764 <343. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19434557 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Boning J FA - Boning, J IN - Boning,J. Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany. jobst.boening@gmx.net TI - Addiction memory as a specific, individually learned memory imprint. [Review] [20 refs] SO - Pharmacopsychiatry. 42 Suppl 1:S66-8, 2009 May. AS - Pharmacopsychiatry. 42 Suppl 1:S66-8, 2009 May. NJ - Pharmacopsychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - p49, 8402938 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Animals MH - Behavior, Addictive/et [Etiology] MH - *Behavior, Addictive/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Brain/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Humans MH - *Learning/ph [Physiology] MH - *Memory/ph [Physiology] MH - Recurrence AB - The construct of "addiction memory" (AM) and its importance for relapse occurrence has been the subject of discussion for the past 30 years. Neurobiological findings from "social neuroscience" and biopsychological learning theory, in conjunction with construct-valid behavioral pharmacological animal models, can now also provide general confirmation of addiction memory as a pathomorphological correlate of addiction disorders. Under multifactorial influences, experience-driven neuronal learning and memory processes of emotional and cognitive processing patterns in the specific individual "set" and "setting" play an especially pivotal role in this connection. From a neuropsychological perspective, the episodic (biographical) memory, located at the highest hierarchical level, is of central importance for the formation of the AM in certain structural and functional areas of the brain and neuronal networks. Within this context, neuronal learning and conditioning processes take place more or less unconsciously and automatically in the preceding long-term-memory systems (in particular priming and perceptual memory). They then regulate the individually programmed addiction behavior implicitly and thus subsequently stand for facilitated recollection of corresponding, previously stored cues or context situations. This explains why it is so difficult to treat an addiction memory, which is embedded above all in the episodic memory, from the molecular carrier level via the neuronal pattern level through to the psychological meaning level, and has thus meanwhile become a component of personality. [References: 20] ES - 1439-0795 IL - 0176-3679 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1216357 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20090511 DP - 2009 May DC - 20090512 YR - 2009 ED - 20090701 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19434557 <344. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19443321 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Tesoriero JM AU - Battles HB AU - Klein SJ AU - Kaufman E AU - Birkhead GS FA - Tesoriero, James M FA - Battles, Haven B FA - Klein, Susan J FA - Kaufman, Erin FA - Birkhead, Guthrie S IN - Tesoriero,James M. Office of Program Evaluation and Research, AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Riverview Center, Suite 516, 150 Broadway, Menands, NY 12204, USA. jmt07@health.state.ny.us TI - Expanding access to sterile syringes through pharmacies: assessment of New York's Expanded Syringe Access Program. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 49(3):407-16, 2009 May-Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 49(3):407-16, 2009 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Data Collection MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Harm Reduction MH - *Health Services Accessibility/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - *Needle-Exchange Programs/og [Organization & Administration] MH - New York MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Refuse Disposal MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/co [Complications] MH - Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Time Factors AB - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the evolution of pharmacist practices, attitudes, and experiences with the Expanded Syringe Access Program (ESAP), which permits over-the-counter sale of syringes by registered pharmacies in New York State. AB - DESIGN: Longitudinal study. AB - SETTING: New York State in 2002 and 2006. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 506 (2002) and 682 (2006) managing pharmacists (response rates approximately 70%) at ESAP-registered pharmacies (n = 346 in both years). AB - INTERVENTION: Mailed surveys (2002 and 2006). AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pharmacist practices, attitudes, and experiences with ESAP over time. AB - RESULTS: Approximately 75% of pharmacists reported that ESAP had facilitated timely/emergency access to syringes, and more than 90% in each year reported no problems or very few problems administering ESAP. The practice of placing additional requirements on the sale of syringes decreased from 2002 (51.4%) to 2006 (45.1%), while a 55% increase in syringe sales was reported between 2002 (43.3/month) and 2006 (67.1/month). The sale of sharps containers also increased between 2002 (85.2%) and 2006 (92.8%). Community independent pharmacies and those located outside New York City generally expressed more favorable attitudes and experiences with ESAP, although these differences decreased over time. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacy-based syringe access is a viable harm-reduction alternative in the fight against blood-borne diseases, with ESAP now equaling the number of syringes being distributed by syringe exchange programs in New York State. Continued education/training is necessary to increase participation in ESAP and to further reduce barriers to ESAP use. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2009.07127 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - R06/CCR223388 (United States PHS HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 May-Jun DC - 20090515 YR - 2009 ED - 20090625 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19443321 <345. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19503693 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Corelli RL AU - Fenlon CM AU - Kroon LA AU - Prokhorov AV AU - Hudmon KS FA - Corelli, Robin L FA - Fenlon, Christine M FA - Kroon, Lisa A FA - Prokhorov, Alexander V FA - Hudmon, Karen Suchanek IN - Corelli,Robin L. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 521 ParnassusAvenue [C-152], Box 0622, San Francisco, CA 94143-0622, USA. corellir@pharmacy.ucsf.edu TI - Evaluation of a train-the-trainer program for tobacco cessation. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 71(6):109, 2007 Dec 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 71(6):109, 2007 Dec 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2690925 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Curriculum MH - Data Collection MH - *Education, Pharmacy/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Faculty MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - *Inservice Training/mt [Methods] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] KW - assessment; faculty development; tobacco cessation education; train-the-trainer AB - OBJECTIVES: To assess pharmacy faculty members' perceptions of the Rx for Change tobacco cessation program materials and train-the-trainer program. AB - METHODS: Pharmacy faculty members attended a 14.5 hour train-the-trainer program conducted over 3 days. Posttraining survey instruments assessed participants' (n = 188) characteristics and factors hypothesized to be associated with program adoption. AB - RESULTS: Prior to the training, 49.5% of the faculty members had received no formal training for treating tobacco use and dependence, and 46.3% had never taught students how to treat tobacco use and dependence. Participants' self-rated abilities to teach tobacco cessation increased posttraining (p < 0.001). The curriculum materials were viewed as either moderately (43.9%) or highly (54.0%) compatible for integration into existing curricula, and 68.3% reported they were "highly likely" to implement the program in the upcoming year. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a national train-the-trainer program significantly increased faculty members' perceived ability to teach tobacco-related content to pharmacy students, and the majority of participants indicated a high likelihood of adopting the Rx for Change program at their school. The train-the-trainer model appears to be a viable and promising strategy for promoting adoption of curricular innovations on a national scale. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R25 CA90720 (United States NCI NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2007 Dec 15 DC - 20090608 YR - 2007 ED - 20090625 RD - 20141209 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19503693 <346. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19278795 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McCabe SE AU - Boyd CJ AU - Teter CJ FA - McCabe, Sean Esteban FA - Boyd, Carol J FA - Teter, Christian J IN - McCabe,Sean Esteban. University of Michigan Substance Abuse Research Center, 2025 Traverwood Dr., Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2194, USA. plius@umich.edu TI - Subtypes of nonmedical prescription drug misuse. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 102(1-3):63-70, 2009 Jun 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 102(1-3):63-70, 2009 Jun 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS168265 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2975029 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Adolescent MH - Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - Analgesics, Opioid MH - Anti-Anxiety Agents MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants MH - Data Interpretation, Statistical MH - Ethnic Groups MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypnotics and Sedatives MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Motivation MH - *Prescription Drugs MH - Self Administration MH - Sex Factors MH - Students MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/cl [Classification] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Young Adult AB - This study used three characteristics (i.e., motive, route of administration, and co-ingestion with alcohol) of nonmedical prescription drug misuse across four separate classes (i.e., pain, sedative/anxiety, sleeping, and stimulant medications) to examine subtypes and drug related problems. A Web survey was self-administered by a randomly selected sample of 3639 undergraduate students attending a large midwestern 4-year U.S. university. Self-treatment subtypes were characterized by motives consistent with the prescription drug's pharmaceutical main indication, oral only routes of administration, and no co-ingestion with alcohol. Recreational subtypes were characterized by recreational motives, oral or non-oral routes, and co-ingestion. Mixed subtypes consisted of other combinations of motives, routes, and co-ingestion. Among those who reported nonmedical prescription drug misuse, approximately 13% were classified into the recreational subtype, while 39% were in the self-treatment subtype, and 48% were in the mixed subtype. There were significant differences in the subtypes in terms of gender, race and prescription drug class. Approximately 50% of those in subtypes other than self-treatment screened positive for drug abuse. The odds of substance use and abuse were generally lower among self-treatment subtypes than other subtypes. The findings indicate subtypes should be considered when examining nonmedical prescription drug misuse, especially for pain medication. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.007 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - DA018239 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA020889 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R03 DA018239 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R03 DA018239-01 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R03 DA018239-02 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R03 DA020899 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R03 DA020899-01 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R03 DA020899-02 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20090310 DP - 2009 Jun 1 DC - 20090427 YR - 2009 ED - 20090616 RD - 20141210 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19278795 <347. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19170434 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Murray JE AU - Bevins RA FA - Murray, Jennifer E FA - Bevins, Rick A IN - Murray,Jennifer E. Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, USA. TI - Acquired appetitive responding to intravenous nicotine reflects a Pavlovian conditioned association. SO - Behavioral Neuroscience. 123(1):97-108, 2009 Feb. AS - Behav Neurosci. 123(1):97-108, 2009 Feb. NJ - Behavioral neuroscience PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ag4, 8302411 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS76176 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2632769 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animals MH - *Appetitive Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Association Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Conditioning, Classical/de [Drug Effects] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Extinction, Psychological/de [Drug Effects] MH - Food Preferences/de [Drug Effects] MH - Injections, Intravenous/mt [Methods] MH - Male MH - Mecamylamine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Nicotine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Nicotinic Agonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Nicotinic Antagonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley AB - Recent research examining Pavlovian appetitive conditioning has extended the associative properties of nicotine from the unconditioned stimulus or reward to include the role of a conditional stimulus (CS), capable of acquiring the ability to evoke a conditioned response. To date, published research has used presession extravascular injections to examine nicotine as a contextual CS in that appetitive Pavlovian drug discrimination task. Two studies in the current research examined whether a nicotine CS can function discretely, multiple times within a session using passive iv infusions. In Experiment 1, rats readily acquired a discrimination in conditioned responding between nicotine and saline infusions when nicotine was selectively paired with sucrose presentations. In Experiment 2, rats were either trained with nicotine paired with sucrose or explicitly unpaired with sucrose. The results showed that rats trained with explicitly unpaired nicotine and sucrose did not increase dipper entries after the infusions. Nicotine was required to be reliably paired with sucrose for control of conditioned responding to develop. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to tobacco addiction, learning theory, and pharmacology.Copyright (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved. RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 0 (Nicotinic Antagonists) RN - 6EE945D3OK (Mecamylamine) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0735-7044 IL - 0735-7044 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013735 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - DA018114 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114-03 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA018114-04 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2009 Feb DC - 20090127 YR - 2009 ED - 20090415 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19170434 <348. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19089345 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kleppisch T AU - Feil R FA - Kleppisch, Thomas FA - Feil, Robert IN - Kleppisch,Thomas. Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universitat Munchen, Biedersteiner Strabetae 29, Munchen, 80802, Germany. TI - cGMP signalling in the mammalian brain: role in synaptic plasticity and behaviour. [Review] [220 refs] SO - Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. (191):549-79, 2009. AS - Handb. exp. pharmacol.. (191):549-79, 2009. NJ - Handbook of experimental pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7902231 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Animals MH - *Brain/me [Metabolism] MH - *Cyclic GMP/me [Metabolism] MH - Gene Expression Regulation/ph [Physiology] MH - Humans MH - Neuronal Plasticity/ph [Physiology] MH - Nitric Oxide/me [Metabolism] MH - *Signal Transduction MH - Synaptic Transmission/ph [Physiology] AB - The second messenger cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) plays a crucial role in the control of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal homeostastis, but its effects on neuronal functions are less established. This review summarizes recent biochemical and functional data on the role of the cGMP signalling pathway in the mammalian brain, with a focus on the regulation of synaptic plasticity, learning, and other complex behaviours. Expression profiling, along with pharmacological and genetic manipulations, indicates important functions of nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclases (sGCs), cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGKs), and cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs) as generators, effectors, and modulators of cGMP signals in the brain, respectively. In addition, neuronal cGMP signalling can be transmitted through cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) or hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels. The canonical NO/sGC/cGMP/cGK pathway modulates long-term changes of synaptic activity in the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, and other brain regions, and contributes to distinct forms of learning and memory, such as fear conditioning, motor adaptation, and object recognition. Behavioural studies indicate that cGMP signalling is also involved in anxiety, addiction, and the pathogenesis of depression and schizophrenia. At the molecular level, different cGK isoforms appear to mediate effects of cGMP on presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic functions. The cGKs have been suggested to modulate cytoskeletal organization, vesicle and AMPA receptor trafficking, and gene expression via phosphorylation of various substrates including VASP, RhoA, RGS2, hSERT, GluR1, G-substrate, and DARPP-32. These and other components of the cGMP signalling cascade may be attractive new targets for the treatment of cognitive impairment, drug abuse, and psychiatric disorders. [References: 220] RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - H2D2X058MU (Cyclic GMP) IS - 0171-2004 IL - 0171-2004 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68964-5_24 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2009 DC - 20081217 YR - 2009 ED - 20090309 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19089345 <349. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18800061 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nelson EE AU - Winslow JT FA - Nelson, Eric E FA - Winslow, James T IN - Nelson,Eric E. Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. TI - Non-human primates: model animals for developmental psychopathology. [Review] [208 refs] SO - Neuropsychopharmacology. 34(1):90-105, 2009 Jan. AS - Neuropsychopharmacology. 34(1):90-105, 2009 Jan. NJ - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - adq, 8904907 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - *Disease Models, Animal MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Mental Disorders/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Mental Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Primates/ge [Genetics] MH - Primates/gd [Growth & Development] MH - Primates/px [Psychology] MH - *Primates MH - *Psychopathology/mt [Methods] MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced MH - Social Environment AB - Non-human primates have been used to model psychiatric disease for several decades. The success of this paradigm has issued from comparable cognitive skills, brain morphology, and social complexity in adult monkeys and humans. Recently, interest in biological psychiatry has focused on similar brain, social, and emotional developmental processes in monkeys. In part, this is related to evidence that early postnatal experiences in human development may have profound implications for subsequent mental health. Non-human primate studies of postnatal phenomenon have generally fallen into three basic categories: experiential manipulation (largely manipulations of rearing), pharmacological manipulation (eg drug-induced psychosis), and anatomical localization (defined by strategic surgical damage). Although these efforts have been very informative each of them has certain limitations. In this review we highlight general findings from the non-human primate postnatal developmental literature and their implications for primate models in psychiatry. We argue that primates are uniquely capable of uncovering interactions between genes, environmental challenges, and development resulting in altered risk for psychopathology. [References: 208] ES - 1740-634X IL - 0893-133X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2008.150 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural PT - Review NO - (United States Intramural NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20080917 DP - 2009 Jan DC - 20081216 YR - 2009 ED - 20090309 RD - 20150813 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18800061 <350. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19086769 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vocci FJ FA - Vocci, Frank J IN - Vocci,Frank J. Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. fvocci@mail.nih.gov TI - Cognitive remediation in the treatment of stimulant abuse disorders: a research agenda. [Review] [118 refs] SO - Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology. 16(6):484-97, 2008 Dec. AS - Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 16(6):484-97, 2008 Dec. NJ - Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9419066 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cognition Disorders/co [Complications] MH - *Cognition Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Cognitive Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Impulsive Behavior/co [Complications] MH - Impulsive Behavior/th [Therapy] MH - Patient Dropouts MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Therapy, Computer-Assisted/mt [Methods] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Treatment of substance abuse disorders is often characterized by high dropout rates. Patients who fail to complete a treatment course often are worse at follow-up than those patients who received the full treatment course. Cognitive deficits, including impulsivity, have been noted as a major determinant of treatment retention and successful outcomes. This review summarizes the recent literature on cognitive deficits in stimulant users and their remediation. Cognitive deficits can be remediated through computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation in residential settings. A few studies have shown this can be transferred to the outpatient setting although much research remains to be done in this setting. Pharmacological remediation of cognitive deficits is a new target for medications development in the treatment of substance abuse disorders. Psychiatric disorders; for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, are amenable to pharmacological remediation of cognitive deficits. Several cognitive deficits (set-shifting, attentional bias, reversal learning, impulsivity, and risky decision making) and their possible remediation with pharmacological agents are presented in the review. Recommendations for the research agenda include comments on testing hierarchies, clinical trial design issues, and types of pharmacological agents.Copyright (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved. [References: 118] RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) IS - 1064-1297 IL - 1064-1297 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014101 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2008 Dec DC - 20081217 YR - 2008 ED - 20090303 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19086769 <351. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19077570 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ferketich AK AU - Gallus S AU - Colombo P AU - Apolone G AU - Rossi S AU - Zuccaro P AU - La Vecchia C FA - Ferketich, Amy K FA - Gallus, Silvano FA - Colombo, Paolo FA - Apolone, Giovanni FA - Rossi, Silvia FA - Zuccaro, Piergiorgio FA - La Vecchia, Carlo IN - Ferketich,Amy K. Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. aferketich@cph.osu.edu TI - Use of pharmacotherapy while attempting cessation among Italian smokers. SO - European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18(1):90-2, 2009 Feb. AS - Eur J Cancer Prev. 18(1):90-2, 2009 Feb. NJ - European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bnn, 9300837 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Drug Therapy/ut [Utilization] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Italy/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prevalence MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/th [Therapy] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Smoking Cessation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Young Adult AB - The objective of this study was to examine the use of pharmacotherapy while attempting smoking cessation among current smokers and also the prevalence of use among former smokers in Italy. The data for this study were collected as part of six Italian tobacco surveys conducted between the years 2002 and 2007 on a total of 19 459 Italians aged 15 years and older. These surveys were designed to be representative of the Italian population with respect to age and sex. The current smoker analysis involved estimating the prevalence and the 95% confidence interval of use of pharmacotherapy among smokers in any previous quit attempt. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were also estimated. The former smoker analysis involved estimating the prevalence of use of pharmacotherapy to assist in cessation for smokers who quit between 1995 and 2006 in an attempt to determine if it was being used with increasing frequency over time. Among 1854 smokers who had made at least one quit attempt in the past, 9.4% reported using pharmacotherapy during at least one attempt. Use of pharmacotherapy was related to smoking intensity, education level, and age. Among former smokers, pharmacotherapy use for cessation ranged between 0 and 4.9%. Methods to increase the use of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation need to be enhanced in Italy because these products are not reaching a large majority of smokers. One possible solution is to add pharmacotherapy to the list of medications covered by the National Health Service. ES - 1473-5709 IL - 0959-8278 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328305a0d9 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2009 Feb DC - 20081216 YR - 2009 ED - 20090219 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19077570 <352. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18802782 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lalonde L AU - Normandeau M AU - Lamarre D AU - Lord A AU - Berbiche D AU - Corneille L AU - Prud'homme L AU - Laliberte MC FA - Lalonde, Lyne FA - Normandeau, Michelle FA - Lamarre, Diane FA - Lord, Anne FA - Berbiche, Djamal FA - Corneille, Louise FA - Prud'homme, Louis FA - Laliberte, Marie-Claude IN - Lalonde,Lyne. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. lyne.lalonde@umontreal.ca TI - Evaluation of a training and communication-network nephrology program for community pharmacists. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 30(6):924-33, 2008 Dec. AS - Pharm World Sci. 30(6):924-33, 2008 Dec. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Chronic Disease MH - Communication MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Community Pharmacy Services/st [Standards] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - *Kidney Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Professional Role MH - Quality Assurance, Health Care/mt [Methods] MH - Referral and Consultation AB - OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and impact of implementing ProFiL program to optimize community-pharmacist management of drug-related problems among chronic kidney disease patients followed in a predialysis clinic. The program comprises a training workshop, communication-network program and consultation service. AB - SETTING: Forty-two community pharmacies, 101 pharmacists, and 90 chronic kidney disease patients attending a predialysis clinic in Laval (Canada). Patients were followed-up for 6 months. AB - METHOD: In a six-month, pilot, open, cluster-randomized controlled trial, community pharmacies were assigned to ProFiL or the usual care. Chronic kidney disease patients of these pharmacies attending a predialysis clinic were recruited. ProFiL pharmacists attended a workshop, received patient information (diagnoses, medications, and laboratory-test results) and had access to a consultation service. Their knowledge and satisfaction were measured before and after the workshop. The mean numbers of pharmacists' written recommendations to physicians (pharmaceutical opinions) and refusals to dispense a medication were computed. AB - RESULTS: Of the ProFiL pharmacists, 84% attended the workshop; their knowledge increased from 52% to 88% (95% CI: 29-40%). Most ProFiL pharmacists rated workshop (95%), communication program (82%) and consultation service (59%) as "excellent" or "very good"; 82% said the program improved the quality of their follow-up. The consultation service received 21 requests. ProFiL and usual care pharmacists issued a mean of 0.50 and 0.02 opinion/patient, respectively, (95% CI of the adjusted difference: 0.28-1.01 opinion/patient). AB - CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study suggest that ProFiL can be implemented and may help community pharmacists intervene more frequently to manage drug-related problems. However, a larger-scale study with longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate the impact of the program on management of drug-related problems and its clinical relevance. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-008-9253-0 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20080919 DP - 2008 Dec DC - 20081118 YR - 2008 ED - 20090219 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18802782 <353. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19010051 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Thompson TL AU - Bonnel WB FA - Thompson, Teri L FA - Bonnel, Wanda B IN - Thompson,Teri L. School of Nursing, University of Missouri Kansas City, 64108-2718, USA. thompsonte@umkc.edu TI - Integration of high-fidelity patient simulation in an undergraduate pharmacology course. SO - Journal of Nursing Education. 47(11):518-21, 2008 Nov. AS - J Nurs Educ. 47(11):518-21, 2008 Nov. NJ - The Journal of nursing education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jen, 7705432 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - United States MH - Drug Overdose MH - *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate MH - Humans MH - *Manikins MH - Narcotics/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Narcotics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Nursing Assessment MH - Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - Urolithiasis/co [Complications] AB - High-fidelity patient simulations provide unique learning opportunities in undergraduate pharmacology. Every year, adverse drug events in the clinical setting affect thousands of patients. Pharmacology content is often taught independently without a clinical application component. Students have difficulty making the connections between learned content and clinical application; high-fidelity patient simulations provide students with the opportunity to make these connections in a safe environment. Implementing a pharmacological simulation with novice nursing students provides an applied learning experience that promotes knowledge retention, improves clinical judgment, and can produce safe practitioners in the clinical setting. This article discusses high-fidelity patient simulations and provides a pharmacology-based case scenario. RN - 0 (Narcotics) IS - 0148-4834 IL - 0148-4834 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 Nov DC - 20081117 YR - 2008 ED - 20090210 RD - 20121115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19010051 <354. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18947262 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Stuijt CC AU - Franssen EJ AU - Egberts AC AU - Hudson SA FA - Stuijt, Clementine C M FA - Franssen, Eric J F FA - Egberts, Antoine C G FA - Hudson, Steve A IN - Stuijt,Clementine C M. Department of Pharmacy, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ccmstuijt@hetnet.nl TI - Appropriateness of prescribing among elderly patients in a Dutch residential home: observational study of outcomes after a pharmacist-led medication review. SO - Drugs & Aging. 25(11):947-54, 2008. AS - Drugs Aging. 25(11):947-54, 2008. NJ - Drugs & aging PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bek, 9102074 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - *Aged/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Data Interpretation, Statistical MH - Drug Interactions MH - *Drug Utilization Review/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Netherlands MH - Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacies MH - *Pharmacists MH - Physicians, Family MH - *Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - Residential Facilities/ma [Manpower] MH - *Residential Facilities/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - BACKGROUND: Clinically significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes occurring with age make older patients more prone to the consequences of inappropriate prescribing. The combination of higher use of medicines resulting from a higher disease burden with suboptimal treatment monitoring results in a higher risk of unwanted drug effects from sometimes inappropriate choice of drugs, doses and durations of treatment. Pharmacy services are increasingly being targeted to minimize the overall number of unnecessary and potential harmful medicines. AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of a pharmacist-led medication review on quality of prescribing by a healthcare professional team consisting of a general practitioner (GP), care home staff and a pharmacist. AB - METHODS: This observational study compared outcome measurements before and after a pharmacist-led review of medications for patients under the care of a healthcare professional team consisting of a GP, care home staff and pharmacist. The procedure for conducting and recording the medication review consisted of the preparation of a patient medication profile, which combined the patient's medical records with his or her complete prescription record (current and previous [last 3 years] medication history) and pharmaceutical record (electronic journal entries for the patient over the same period). Laboratory values were evaluated in clinical context. Recommendations for the pharmaceutical plan were discussed at a conference involving the clinical pharmacist and other healthcare team members. Patients were recruited for medication review over the 12-month period 1 April 2003 to 1 April 2004. Medication appropriateness was assessed by an independent panel of clinical pharmacists using the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI). AB - RESULTS: A total of 54 patients were eligible according to the inclusion criteria, of whom 24 were subsequently excluded for various reasons; thus, 30 patients were eligible for assessment on the MAI. There was a statistically significant difference between overall pre- and post-intervention summed MAI scores (p=0.013). The pharmacist identified 115 drug-related problems, and the total number of accepted recommendations was 78 (67.8%). Use of a medication review as an intervention by a clinical pharmacist was associated with an improvement in appropriateness of prescribing. AB - CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence supporting the formal integration of a clinical pharmacist into the healthcare team with the aim of improving prescribing appropriateness for institutionalized elderly Dutch patients. Overall MAI scores for all long-term medications used by a group of elderly patients improved significantly after a pharmacist-led medication review. This is an important finding because quality of prescribing is assuming increasing importance as a means of preventing avoidable medication-related harm. IS - 1170-229X IL - 1170-229X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/0002512-200825110-00005 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 DC - 20081024 YR - 2008 ED - 20090123 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18947262 <355. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19002278 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baldwin JN FA - Baldwin, Jeffrey N IN - Baldwin,Jeffrey N. College of Pharmacy, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6045, USA. jbaldwin@unmc.edu TI - A guided abstinence experience to illustrate addiction recovery principles. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 72(4):78, 2008 Aug 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 72(4):78, 2008 Aug 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2576417 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Behavior, Addictive MH - Clinical Competence MH - Counseling MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - *Habits MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Perception MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Program Development MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/th [Therapy] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] KW - addiction; experiential learning; pharmacy education; students; substance-related disorders AB - OBJECTIVES: To develop and implement an elective pharmacy course that included a guided abstinence experience to illustrate addiction recovery principles. AB - DESIGN: A 1-credit elective course to illustrate addiction recovery principles was developed and implemented. The course required students to give up a habit for 6 weeks that was causing them problems, meet weekly to discuss addiction recovery processes, and relate their experiences in a journal. Course grades were determined by class participation, submitted worksheets, and submission of the journal and a paper concerning their role as a pharmacist in dealing with those with addictions and in recovery. Pre- and posttests consisting of addiction case scenarios were used to assess students' application of course material. AB - ASSESSMENT: Graded course elements, pretesting and posttesting, and student course evaluations indicated that course objectives were met. Over the past 15 years, student enrollment has grown from approximately 10% of pharmacy classes to approximately 50% (average 31 students). AB - CONCLUSION: A guided abstinence experience was an effective tool for teaching pharmacy students the concepts of addiction and recovery. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 Aug 15 DC - 20081112 YR - 2008 ED - 20090121 RD - 20140902 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19002278 <356. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18719069 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Prot-Labarthe S AU - Therrien R AU - Demanche C AU - Larocque D AU - Bussieres JF FA - Prot-Labarthe, Sonia FA - Therrien, Roxane FA - Demanche, Colette FA - Larocque, Diane FA - Bussieres, Jean-Francois IN - Prot-Labarthe,Sonia. Unite de Recherche en Pratique Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. TI - Pharmaceutical care in an inpatient pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant service. SO - Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. 14(3):147-52, 2008 Sep. AS - J Oncol Pharm Pract. 14(3):147-52, 2008 Sep. NJ - Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9511372 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Child MH - Drug Therapy MH - Female MH - Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation MH - Humans MH - Inpatients MH - Male MH - Patient Care Planning MH - *Pharmaceutical Services MH - Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital AB - INTRODUCTION: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients represent a population at high risk for drug-related problems. Our objective is to describe pharmacist interventions in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant pediatric unit. METHODS AND PATIENTS. The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine performs around 50 hematopoietic stem cell transplants per year. During a pharmaceutical care specialized residency program, a French pharmacist participated in certain clinical activities. Drug-related problems and clinical interventions were compiled over 31 nonconsecutive days using a tool developed by the Societe Francaise de Pharmacie Clinique. Data concerning patients, drugs, intervention, documentation, approval (if needed), and estimated impact were compiled. AB - RESULTS: During the 31-day period, 525 interventions were collected (16.9 +/- 3.7 per day), targeting 29 patients. The main drug-related problems were adverse drug reactions (N = 125, 23.8%), untreated indication (N = 92, 17.5%) and failure to receive drug (N = 89, 17.0%). The pharmacist's interventions concerned mainly dose adjustment (N = 174, 33.1%) and drug monitoring (N = 132, 25.1%). Among the 324 (61.7%) interventions requiring a physician's approval, 302 (93.2%) were accepted without any change. AB - CONCLUSION: A pharmacist is able to perform clinically relevant interventions in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit, given the complexity of the pharmacotherapy. Our description of drug-related problems and interventions may help other pharmacists already working or developing pharmaceutical care in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit to compare their practice and it is one of the few reported in the literature. IS - 1078-1552 IL - 1078-1552 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155208093929 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 Sep DC - 20080822 YR - 2008 ED - 20090116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18719069 <357. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18772254 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Davis AR AU - Shields AD AU - Brigman JL AU - Norcross M AU - McElligott ZA AU - Holmes A AU - Winder DG FA - Davis, Adeola R FA - Shields, Angela D FA - Brigman, Jonathan L FA - Norcross, Maxine FA - McElligott, Zoe A FA - Holmes, Andrew FA - Winder, Danny G IN - Davis,Adeola R. Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, USA. TI - Yohimbine impairs extinction of cocaine-conditioned place preference in an alpha2-adrenergic receptor independent process. SO - Learning & Memory. 15(9):667-76, 2008 Sep. AS - Learn Mem. 15(9):667-76, 2008 Sep. NJ - Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) PI - Journal available in: Electronic-Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - dab, 9435678 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2632785 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Amygdala/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Amygdala/ph [Physiology] MH - Animals MH - Cocaine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Conditioning (Psychology)/de [Drug Effects] MH - Conditioning (Psychology)/ph [Physiology] MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Extinction, Psychological/de [Drug Effects] MH - Extinction, Psychological/ph [Physiology] MH - Imidazoles/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Knockout MH - Patch-Clamp Techniques MH - Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/de [Drug Effects] MH - Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/ge [Genetics] MH - *Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/me [Metabolism] MH - *Yohimbine/pd [Pharmacology] AB - Extinction, a form of learning that has the ability to reshape learned behavior based on new experiences, has been heavily studied utilizing fear learning paradigms. Mechanisms underlying extinction of positive-valence associations, such as drug self-administration and place preference, are poorly understood yet may have important relevance to addiction treatment. Data suggest a major role for the noradrenergic system in extinction of fear-based learning. Employing both pharmacological and genetic approaches, we investigated the role of the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2)-AR) in extinction of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and glutamatergic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). We found that pre-extinction systemic treatment with the alpha(2)-AR antagonist yohimbine impaired cocaine CPP extinction in C57BL/6J mice, an effect that was not mimicked by the more selective alpha(2)-AR antagonist, atipamezole. Moreover, alpha(2A)-AR knockout mice exhibited similar cocaine CPP extinction and exacerbated extinction impairing effects of yohimbine. Using acute brain slices and electrophysiological approaches, we found that yohimbine produces a slowly evolving depression of glutamatergic transmission in the BNST that was not mimicked by atipamezole. Further, this action was extant in slices from alpha(2A)-AR knockout mice. Our data strongly suggest that extinction-modifying effects of yohimbine are unlikely to be due to actions at alpha(2A)-ARs. RN - 0 (Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Imidazoles) RN - 0 (Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2) RN - 03N9U5JAF6 (atipamezole) RN - 2Y49VWD90Q (Yohimbine) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) ES - 1549-5485 IL - 1072-0502 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.1079308 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural NO - (United States Intramural NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20080826 DP - 2008 Sep DC - 20080905 YR - 2008 ED - 20081230 RD - 20150813 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18772254 <358. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 19066381 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hall AJ AU - Logan JE AU - Toblin RL AU - Kaplan JA AU - Kraner JC AU - Bixler D AU - Crosby AE AU - Paulozzi LJ FA - Hall, Aron J FA - Logan, Joseph E FA - Toblin, Robin L FA - Kaplan, James A FA - Kraner, James C FA - Bixler, Danae FA - Crosby, Alex E FA - Paulozzi, Leonard J IN - Hall,Aron J. Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ajhall@cdc.gov TI - Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. CM - Comment in: JAMA. 2008 Dec 10;300(22):2672-3; PMID: 19066389 CM - Comment in: JAMA. 2009 May 6;301(17):1766-7; author reply 1767-9; PMID: 19417188 CM - Comment in: JAMA. 2009 May 6;301(17):1766; author reply 1767-8; PMID: 19417189 CM - Comment in: JAMA. 2009 May 6;301(17):1767; author reply 1767-9; PMID: 19417191 SO - JAMA. 300(22):2613-20, 2008 Dec 10. AS - JAMA. 300(22):2613-20, 2008 Dec 10. NJ - JAMA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 7501160 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/po [Poisoning] MH - Drug Overdose/mo [Mortality] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Drug and Narcotic Control MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Narcotics/po [Poisoning] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/mo [Mortality] MH - *Prescription Drugs/po [Poisoning] MH - Risk MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - West Virginia/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Young Adult AB - CONTEXT: Use and abuse of prescription narcotic analgesics have increased dramatically in the United States since 1990. The effect of this pharmacoepidemic has been most pronounced in rural states, including West Virginia, which experienced the nation's largest increase in drug overdose mortality rates during 1999-2004. AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk characteristics of persons dying of unintentional pharmaceutical overdose in West Virginia, the types of drugs involved, and the role of drug abuse in the deaths. AB - DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based, observational study using data from medical examiner, prescription drug monitoring program, and opiate treatment program records. The study population was all state residents who died of unintentional pharmaceutical overdoses in West Virginia in 2006. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates and rate ratios for selected demographic variables. Prevalence of specific drugs among decedents and proportion that had been prescribed to decedents. Associations between demographics and substance abuse indicators and evidence of pharmaceutical diversion, defined as a death involving a prescription drug without a documented prescription and having received prescriptions for controlled substances from 5 or more clinicians during the year prior to death (ie, doctor shopping). AB - RESULTS: Of 295 decedents, 198 (67.1%) were men and 271 (91.9%) were aged 18 through 54 years. Pharmaceutical diversion was associated with 186 (63.1%) deaths, while 63 (21.4%) were accompanied by evidence of doctor shopping. Prevalence of diversion was greatest among decedents aged 18 through 24 years and decreased across each successive age group. Having prescriptions for a controlled substance from 5 or more clinicians in the year prior to death was more common among women (30 [30.9%]) and decedents aged 35 through 44 years (23 [30.7%]) compared with men (33 [16.7%]) and other age groups (40 [18.2%]). Substance abuse indicators were identified in 279 decedents (94.6%), with nonmedical routes of exposure and illicit contributory drugs particularly prevalent among drug diverters. Multiple contributory substances were implicated in 234 deaths (79.3%). Opioid analgesics were taken by 275 decedents (93.2%), of whom only 122 (44.4%) had ever been prescribed these drugs. AB - CONCLUSION: The majority of overdose deaths in West Virginia in 2006 were associated with nonmedical use and diversion of pharmaceuticals, primarily opioid analgesics. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Prescription Drugs) ES - 1538-3598 IL - 0098-7484 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 Dec 10 DC - 20081210 YR - 2008 ED - 20081216 RD - 20140917 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19066381 <359. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18629732 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lacasse Y AU - Lamontagne R AU - Martin S AU - Simard S AU - Arsenault M FA - Lacasse, Yves FA - Lamontagne, Rejean FA - Martin, Sylvie FA - Simard, Serge FA - Arsenault, Marie IN - Lacasse,Yves. Centre de recherche, Centre de pneumologie, Hopital Laval, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada. Yves.Lacasse@med.ulaval.ca TI - Randomized trial of a smoking cessation intervention in hospitalized patients. SO - Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 10(7):1215-21, 2008 Jul. AS - Nicotine Tob Res. 10(7):1215-21, 2008 Jul. NJ - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - drz, 9815751 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Behavior Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - *Hospitalization MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Motivation MH - *Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Smoking/th [Therapy] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Social Support MH - Socioeconomic Factors AB - A hospitalization is a time when perceived vulnerability to dangers from smoking and quitting motivation may be at their peak. Aim was to determine whether a smoking cessation intervention of moderate intensity would increase the smoking cessation rate in hospitalized smokers. Design was randomized trial, conducted in a university-affiliated cardio-pulmonary tertiary care center. Participants were hospitalized smokers aged < or =70 years. Intervention was a smoking cessation intervention consisting of education and psychological support, with or without pharmacological therapy, associated with follow-up phone calls. Patients assigned to the control group received usual care. Measurement was point prevalence cessation rate at 1-year follow-up. A total of 468 patients were screened; 196 were randomized. Although the smoking cessation rates at 12-month follow-up were higher than expected, we found no significant difference between the study groups (intervention: 30.3%; control: 27.8%). Similar results were obtained in patients whose smoking status was validated by urinary cotinine assay. Length of stay and dependence to nicotine were the only significant predictors of smoking cessation. A smoking cessation intervention of moderate intensity delivered in a tertiary cardio-pulmonary center did not increase the smoking cessation rate at 1-year follow-up. The results of this trial should not divert those who deliver care to inpatients from delivering a brief smoking cessation intervention. IS - 1462-2203 IL - 1462-2203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200801979142 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English DP - 2008 Jul DC - 20080716 YR - 2008 ED - 20081118 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18629732 <360. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18584467 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Shields AE AU - Levy DE AU - Blumenthal D AU - Currivan D AU - McGinn-Shapiro M AU - Weiss KB AU - Yucel R AU - Lerman C FA - Shields, Alexandra E FA - Levy, Douglas E FA - Blumenthal, David FA - Currivan, Douglas FA - McGinn-Shapiro, Mary FA - Weiss, Kevin B FA - Yucel, Recai FA - Lerman, Caryn IN - Shields,Alexandra E. Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations and Health Disparities, Institute for Health Policy, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ashields@partners.org TI - Primary care physicians' willingness to offer a new genetic test to tailor smoking treatment, according to test characteristics. SO - Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 10(6):1037-45, 2008 Jun. AS - Nicotine Tob Res. 10(6):1037-45, 2008 Jun. NJ - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - drz, 9815751 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS495226 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3814125 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Clinical Competence MH - Female MH - *Genetic Counseling/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Physicians, Family/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Primary Health Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Smoking/ge [Genetics] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ge [Genetics] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - Emerging pharmacogenetics research may improve clinical outcomes for common complex conditions typically treated in primary care settings. Physicians' willingness to offer genetically-tailored treatments to their patients will be critical to realizing this potential. According to recent research, it is likely that genotypes used to tailor smoking will have pleiotropic associations with other addictions and diseases, and may have different frequencies across populations. These additional features may pose an additional barrier to adoption. To assess physicians' willingness to offer a new test to individually tailor smoking treatment according to specific test characteristics, we conducted a national mailed survey of 2,000 U.S. primary care physicians (response rate: 62.3%). Physicians responded to a baseline scenario describing a new test to tailor smoking treatment, and three additional scenarios describing specific test characteristics based on published research; there was random assignment to one of two survey conditions in which the test was described as a genetic or non-genetic test. Our findings indicate physicians' self-reported likelihood (0-100 scale) that they would offer a new test to tailor smoking cessation treatment ranged from 69%-78% across all scenarios. Relative to baseline scenario responses, physicians were significantly less likely to offer the test when informed that the same genotypes assessed for treatment tailoring: (1) may also identify individuals predisposed to become addicted to nicotine (p<.001), (2) differ in frequency by race (p<.004), and (3) may have associations with other conditions (e.g., alcohol and cocaine addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD and Tourette Syndrome) (p<.01). Describing a new test to individually tailor smoking treatment as a "genetic" versus non-genetic test significantly reduced physicians' likelihood of offering the test across all scenarios, regardless of specific test characteristics (p<.0007). Effective education of primary care physicians will be critical to successful integration of promising new pharmacogenetic treatment strategies for smoking. IS - 1462-2203 IL - 1462-2203 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200802087580 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - P50 CA/DA84718 (United States NCI NIH HHS) NO - P50 CA084718 (United States NCI NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2008 Jun DC - 20080627 YR - 2008 ED - 20081118 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18584467 <361. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18696301 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bywood PT AU - Lunnay B AU - Roche AM FA - Bywood, Petra T FA - Lunnay, Belinda FA - Roche, Ann M IN - Bywood,Petra T. National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia. petra.bywood@flinders.edu.au TI - Strategies for facilitating change in alcohol and other drugs (AOD) professional practice: a systematic review of the effectiveness of reminders and feedback. [Review] [56 refs] SO - Drug & Alcohol Review. 27(5):548-58, 2008 Sep. AS - Drug Alcohol Rev. 27(5):548-58, 2008 Sep. NJ - Drug and alcohol review PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9015440 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Feedback, Psychological MH - Health Personnel/st [Standards] MH - Health Services Research MH - Humans MH - Medical Audit MH - *Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/st [Standards] MH - *Professional Practice/st [Standards] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders AB - In all areas of health research, including the alcohol and other drugs (AOD) field, funds are committed to developing and evaluating research and resources, yet little is invested into helping potential resource users understand, adopt and implement innovations. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two professional practice change interventions (reminders and feedback) that are designed to bridge the 'research-practice gap' by increasing knowledge and changing behaviour of health-care professionals and specialist AOD workers. We conducted a systematic review of general health, AOD and mental health literature (1966 to March 2005). Fourteen existing systematic reviews and 15 primary studies were assessed. Because few studies evaluated the effectiveness of reminders and feedback in the AOD context, evidence is drawn largely from the general health-care literature. Use of reminders and feedback is supported for a range of health behaviours. AOD-specific clinical behaviours that are most likely to be improved with the use of reminders or feedback include pharmacotherapy prescribing, AOD education, screening and counselling and monitoring/management of AOD treatment and/or related problems (e.g. depression). Reminders and feedback are effective strategies to facilitate professional practice change and have potential in the AOD field. However, further well-designed empirical studies are needed to assess fully the effectiveness of these professional practice change strategies in AOD-specific contexts. [References: 56] ES - 1465-3362 IL - 0959-5236 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595230802245535 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2008 Sep DC - 20080812 YR - 2008 ED - 20081017 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18696301 <362. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18698394 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hasan S FA - Hasan, Sanah IN - Hasan,Sanah. College of Pharmacy, Sharjah University, United Arab Emirates. shasan@sharjah.ac.ae TI - A tool to teach communication skills to pharmacy students. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 72(3):67, 2008 Jun 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 72(3):67, 2008 Jun 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2508725 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aggression MH - Assertiveness MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Communication MH - Compact Disks MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - Group Processes MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Interpersonal Relations MH - Male MH - Multimedia MH - Physicians/px [Psychology] MH - *Physicians MH - Program Development MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - Teaching/mt [Methods] MH - *Telephone KW - communication; physician AB - OBJECTIVE: To develop a tool to teach pharmacy students assertive communication skills to use when talking with physicians over the telephone. AB - DESIGN: As an assignment for their Communication Skills and Counseling course, students were asked to write a script involving a patient care issue or problem covering 3 different communication styles that could be used when contacting a prescriber by telephone: passive, aggressive, and assertive. Students worked in groups to write and act out the scripts for the class. AB - ASSESSMENT: Eight scripts were developed by students and rated by peers and faculty members. The script that received the highest ratings was used in the development of a multimedia educational CD. AB - CONCLUSION: The development of hypothetical scripts describing a drug therapy problem and illustrating the types of interactions between physicians and pharmacists while discussing the problem allowed pharmacy students to explore different communication techniques and improve their communication skills. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 Jun 15 DC - 20080813 YR - 2008 ED - 20081016 RD - 20140903 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18698394 <363. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17336307 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Chan SS AU - Sarna L AU - Danao LL FA - Chan, Sophia Siu-Chee FA - Sarna, Linda FA - Danao, Leda L IN - Chan,Sophia Siu-Chee. Department of Nursing Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. nssophia@hkucc.hku.hk TI - Are nurses prepared to curb the tobacco epidemic in China? A questionnaire survey of schools of nursing. SO - International Journal of Nursing Studies. 45(5):706-13, 2008 May. AS - Int J Nurs Stud. 45(5):706-13, 2008 May. NJ - International journal of nursing studies PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - gs8, 0400675 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - England MH - China MH - Clinical Competence MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Curriculum MH - *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Faculty, Nursing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Health Surveys MH - Hong Kong MH - Humans MH - Needs Assessment MH - Nurse's Role MH - Nursing Education Research MH - Organizational Policy MH - Population Surveillance MH - Prevalence MH - Schools, Nursing/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Smoking MH - Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Students, Nursing/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Nursing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - BACKGROUND: Smoking prevalence among Chinese males is the highest in the world and its morbidity and mortality is growing. Previous studies suggested nurses are inadequately prepared to treat tobacco use and dependence. AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine the inclusion and organization of tobacco control content in the undergraduate nursing curriculum of Hong Kong and Mainland China; and the smoking status of faculty and students. AB - DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. AB - METHODS: Deans of 32 nursing schools in Hong Kong and China with an undergraduate programme (representing over 12000 students) completed a self-administered questionnaire. AB - RESULTS: Most schools included the health hazards of tobacco (56.3-100%), but few covered tobacco cessation theory (31.3-62.5%), or behavioural (9.4-56.3%) and pharmacological (3.1-34.4%) interventions in the curriculum. Most curricula covered less than 1h of tobacco content per year of study. Nearly all schools (93.1%) reported smoking among faculty but only half reported access to smoking cessation programmes. AB - CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known study to examine the extent of tobacco control education in the nursing curriculum in China. Results suggested deficiencies in the coverage and clinical practice in smoking and smoking cessation, and recommendations were made to strengthen the curriculum. IS - 0020-7489 IL - 0020-7489 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20070302 DP - 2008 May DC - 20080526 YR - 2008 ED - 20081002 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17336307 <364. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18675765 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ferreri S AU - Roth MT AU - Casteel C AU - Demby KB AU - Blalock SJ FA - Ferreri, Stefanie FA - Roth, Mary T FA - Casteel, Carri FA - Demby, Karen B FA - Blalock, Susan J IN - Ferreri,Stefanie. Division of Pharmacy Practice and Experiential Education, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA. TI - Methodology of an ongoing, randomized controlled trial to prevent falls through enhanced pharmaceutical care. SO - American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. 6(2):61-81, 2008 Jun. AS - Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 6(2):61-81, 2008 Jun. NJ - The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101190325 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Accidental Falls/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Algorithms MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Multicenter Studies as Topic MH - *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Research Design AB - BACKGROUND: Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among adults aged > or =65 years in the United States. Past research suggests that individuals taking multiple medications are at increased risk of falls. Central nervous system-active drugs in particular have been associated with increased risk. AB - OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research was to describe the design of a study evaluating the effectiveness of a community pharmacy-based falls prevention program. Also presented are the algorithms used to identify high-risk patients based on their prescription profile records and to deliver the experimental intervention. AB - METHODS: The study is a randomized controlled trial. The target population was community-dwelling older adults (aged > or =65 years) at high risk for future falls because: (1) they had experienced > or =1 fall within the 12-month period preceding study enrollment; (2) they were currently using > or =4 chronic prescription medications; and (3) they were taking > or =1 of the high-risk medications targeted by the intervention. Participants were recruited using pharmacy prescription profile records. Individuals in the intervention group received a face-to-face medication consultation provided by a community pharmacy resident. Identification of drug therapy problems and therapeutic recommendations was guided by a series of algorithms developed for this study. All participants were followed up for 24 months. The primary study end points were: (1) time to first fall; and (2) proportion of participants who experienced > or =1 fall during the first year of follow-up. AB - RESULTS: Participant enrollment began in September 2005 and was completed in August 2007. A total of 186 individuals were enrolled in the study (mean [SD] age, 74.8 [6.9] years; 132 women, 54 men), and 67 have completed the first year of follow-up. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The study is using a rigorous randomized controlled research design, which will enhance the internal validity of its findings. Results of the study, which will be reported after the completion of follow-up data collection activities, will enable us to assess the effects of the intervention on both medication use and the incidence of falls. If the intervention is found to be effective, it will provide a resource for community pharmacists working with older adults at high risk of medication-related falls. IS - 1543-5946 IL - 1876-7761 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.06.005 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - R49 CE000196 (United States NCIPC CDC HHS) LG - English DP - 2008 Jun DC - 20080804 YR - 2008 ED - 20080925 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18675765 <365. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18214445 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ersche KD AU - Roiser JP AU - Robbins TW AU - Sahakian BJ FA - Ersche, Karen D FA - Roiser, Jonathan P FA - Robbins, Trevor W FA - Sahakian, Barbara J IN - Ersche,Karen D. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Mapping Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. ke220@cam.ac.uk TI - Chronic cocaine but not chronic amphetamine use is associated with perseverative responding in humans. SO - Psychopharmacology. 197(3):421-31, 2008 Apr. AS - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 197(3):421-31, 2008 Apr. NJ - Psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - qgi, 7608025 OI - Source: NLM. EMS52399 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3785131 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Amphetamine/to [Toxicity] MH - *Amphetamine-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Appetitive Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Association Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/to [Toxicity] MH - Choice Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Cocaine/to [Toxicity] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/to [Toxicity] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Motivation MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Probability Learning MH - Receptors, Serotonin/de [Drug Effects] MH - Reversal Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Reward MH - *Stereotyped Behavior/de [Drug Effects] AB - RATIONALE: Chronic drug use has been associated with increased impulsivity and maladaptive behaviour, but the underlying mechanisms of this impairment remain unclear. We investigated the ability to adapt behaviour according to changes in reward contingencies, using a probabilistic reversal-learning task, in chronic drug users and controls. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups were compared: chronic amphetamine users (n = 30); chronic cocaine users (n = 27); chronic opiate users (n = 42); former drug users of psychostimulants and opiates (n = 26); and healthy non-drug-taking control volunteers (n = 25). Participants had to make a forced choice between two alternative stimuli on each trial to acquire a stimulus-reward association on the basis of degraded feedback and subsequently to reverse their responses when the reward contingencies changed. AB - RESULTS: Chronic cocaine users demonstrated little behavioural change in response to the change in reward contingencies, as reflected by perseverative responding to the previously rewarded stimulus. Perseverative responding was observed in cocaine users regardless of whether they completed the reversal stage successfully. Task performance in chronic users of amphetamines and opiates, as well as in former drug users, was not measurably impaired. AB - CONCLUSION: Our findings provide convincing evidence for response perseveration in cocaine users during probabilistic reversal-learning. Pharmacological differences between amphetamine and cocaine, in particular their respective effects on the 5-HT system, may account for the divergent task performance between the two psychostimulant user groups. The inability to reverse responses according to changes in reinforcement contingencies may underlie the maladaptive behaviour patterns observed in chronic cocaine users but not in chronic users of amphetamines or opiates. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Receptors, Serotonin) RN - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0033-3158 IL - 0033-3158 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-1051-1 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 076274 (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) NO - 076274/Z/04/Z (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) NO - G0001354 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) NO - (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) LG - English EP - 20080124 DP - 2008 Apr DC - 20080321 YR - 2008 ED - 20080829 RD - 20160308 UP - 20160310 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=18214445 <366. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18214445 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ersche KD AU - Roiser JP AU - Robbins TW AU - Sahakian BJ FA - Ersche, Karen D FA - Roiser, Jonathan P FA - Robbins, Trevor W FA - Sahakian, Barbara J IN - Ersche,Karen D. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Mapping Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. ke220@cam.ac.uk TI - Chronic cocaine but not chronic amphetamine use is associated with perseverative responding in humans. SO - Psychopharmacology. 197(3):421-31, 2008 Apr. AS - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 197(3):421-31, 2008 Apr. NJ - Psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - qgi, 7608025 OI - Source: NLM. EMS52399 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3785131 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Amphetamine/to [Toxicity] MH - *Amphetamine-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Appetitive Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Association Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/to [Toxicity] MH - Choice Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Cocaine/to [Toxicity] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/to [Toxicity] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Motivation MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Probability Learning MH - Receptors, Serotonin/de [Drug Effects] MH - Reversal Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Reward MH - *Stereotyped Behavior/de [Drug Effects] AB - RATIONALE: Chronic drug use has been associated with increased impulsivity and maladaptive behaviour, but the underlying mechanisms of this impairment remain unclear. We investigated the ability to adapt behaviour according to changes in reward contingencies, using a probabilistic reversal-learning task, in chronic drug users and controls. AB - MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups were compared: chronic amphetamine users (n = 30); chronic cocaine users (n = 27); chronic opiate users (n = 42); former drug users of psychostimulants and opiates (n = 26); and healthy non-drug-taking control volunteers (n = 25). Participants had to make a forced choice between two alternative stimuli on each trial to acquire a stimulus-reward association on the basis of degraded feedback and subsequently to reverse their responses when the reward contingencies changed. AB - RESULTS: Chronic cocaine users demonstrated little behavioural change in response to the change in reward contingencies, as reflected by perseverative responding to the previously rewarded stimulus. Perseverative responding was observed in cocaine users regardless of whether they completed the reversal stage successfully. Task performance in chronic users of amphetamines and opiates, as well as in former drug users, was not measurably impaired. AB - CONCLUSION: Our findings provide convincing evidence for response perseveration in cocaine users during probabilistic reversal-learning. Pharmacological differences between amphetamine and cocaine, in particular their respective effects on the 5-HT system, may account for the divergent task performance between the two psychostimulant user groups. The inability to reverse responses according to changes in reinforcement contingencies may underlie the maladaptive behaviour patterns observed in chronic cocaine users but not in chronic users of amphetamines or opiates. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Receptors, Serotonin) RN - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0033-3158 IL - 0033-3158 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-1051-1 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 076274 (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) NO - 076274/Z/04/Z (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) NO - (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) LG - English EP - 20080124 DP - 2008 Apr DC - 20080321 YR - 2008 ED - 20080829 RD - 20140904 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18214445 <367. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18585647 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Locca JF AU - Bula CJ AU - Zumbach S AU - Bugnon O FA - Locca, Jean-Francois FA - Bula, Christophe J FA - Zumbach, Serge FA - Bugnon, Oliver IN - Locca,Jean-Francois. Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Community Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Pharmacie de la PMU, Lausanne, Switzerland. TI - Pharmacological treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in nursing homes: development of practice recommendations in a Swiss canton. [Review] [50 refs][Erratum appears in J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008 Oct;9(8):611] SO - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 9(6):439-48, 2008 Jul. AS - J AM MED DIR ASSOC. 9(6):439-48, 2008 Jul. NJ - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100893243 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Dementia/px [Psychology] MH - Female MH - *Homes for the Aged MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Mental Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - *Nursing Homes MH - *Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Switzerland AB - OBJECTIVES: In 2002, the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland, implemented a coordinated pharmaceutical care service in nursing homes to promote rational drug use. In the context of this service, a project was conducted to develop recommendations for the pharmacological management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in nursing home residents. AB - DESIGN AND METHODS: Selected evidence-based guidelines and meta-analysis sources related to the management of depression, insomnia, and agitation in dementia patients were systematically searched and evaluated. Evidence and controversies regarding the pharmacological treatment of the most common BPSD symptoms were reviewed, and treatment algorithms were developed. AB - RESULTS: Ten evidence-based guidelines and meta-analyses for BPSD management were identified, with none specifically addressing issues related to nursing home residents. Based on this literature, recommendations were developed for the practice of pharmacological management of depression, sleep disturbances, and agitation in nursing home residents. For depression, SSRIs are considered the first choice if an antidepressant is required. No clear evidence has been found for sleep disturbances; the underlying conditions need to be investigated closely before the introduction of any drug therapy. Many drugs have been investigated for the treatment of agitation, and if necessary, antipsychotics could be used, although they have significant side effects. Several areas of uncertainty were identified, such as the current controversy about typical and atypical antipsychotic use or the appropriateness of cholinesterase inhibitors for controlling agitation. Treatment algorithms were presented to general practitioners, pharmacists, and medical directors of nursing homes in the canton of Fribourg, and will now be implemented progressively, using educational sessions, pharmaceutical counseling, and monitoring. AB - CONCLUSION: Based on existing evidence-based studies, recommendations were developed for the practice of pharmacological management of depression, sleep disturbances, and agitation in nursing home residents. It should be further studied whether these algorithms implemented through pharmaceutical care services will improve psychotropic drug prescriptions and prevent drug-related problems in nursing home residents. [References: 50] ES - 1538-9375 IL - 1525-8610 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2008.04.003 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2008 Jul DC - 20080630 YR - 2008 ED - 20080826 RD - 20090326 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18585647 <368. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18540738 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Varra AA AU - Hayes SC AU - Roget N AU - Fisher G FA - Varra, Alethea A FA - Hayes, Steven C FA - Roget, Nancy FA - Fisher, Gary IN - Varra,Alethea A. Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, Seattle, WA 98108, USA. alethea.varra@va.gov TI - A randomized control trial examining the effect of acceptance and commitment training on clinician willingness to use evidence-based pharmacotherapy. SO - Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. 76(3):449-58, 2008 Jun. AS - J Consult Clin Psychol. 76(3):449-58, 2008 Jun. NJ - Journal of consulting and clinical psychology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0136553, hw3 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - *Drug Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - *Education, Medical MH - Ethnic Groups/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Intention MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Motivation MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Psychotherapy/mt [Methods] MH - Social Support MH - Substance-Related Disorders/eh [Ethnology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - *Teaching/mt [Methods] AB - This study evaluated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment training (ACT) for increasing drug and alcohol counselors' willingness to use evidence-based agonist and antagonist pharmacotherapy. Fifty-nine drug and alcohol counselors were randomly assigned to either a 1-day ACT workshop or a 1-day educational control workshop. Both groups then attended a 2-day workshop on empirically supported treatments for substance abuse. Measures were taken at pre- and posttraining and 3-month follow-up on reported use of pharmacotherapy, willingness to use pharmacotherapy, perceived barriers to implementing new treatments, and general acceptance. As compared with those in the education alone condition, participants in the ACT condition showed significantly higher rates of referrals to pharmacotherapy at follow-up, rated barriers to learning new treatments as less believable at posttraining and follow-up, and showed greater psychological flexibility at posttraining and follow-up. Mediational analyses indicated that reduced believability of barriers and greater psychological flexibility mediated the impact of the intervention. Results support the idea that acceptance-based interventions may be helpful in addressing the psychological factors related to poor adoption of evidence-based treatments.Copyright (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved IS - 0022-006X IL - 0022-006X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.3.449 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2008 Jun DC - 20080610 YR - 2008 ED - 20080729 RD - 20091111 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18540738 <369. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17603408 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Roth T AU - Krystal AD AU - Lieberman JA 3rd FA - Roth, Thomas FA - Krystal, Andrew D FA - Lieberman, Joseph A 3rd IN - Roth,Thomas. Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA. TI - Long-term issues in the treatment of sleep disorders. SO - Cns Spectrums. 12(7 Suppl 10):1-14, 2007 Jul. AS - CNS Spectr. 12(7 Suppl 10):1-14, 2007 Jul. NJ - CNS spectrums PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9702877 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Anxiety/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Anxiety/px [Psychology] MH - Attention MH - Cognitive Therapy MH - Depression/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Fatigue/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Hypnotics and Sedatives/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Motivation MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors MH - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Time Factors AB - Insomnia is a disorder characterized by chronic sleep disturbance associated with daytime disability or distress, such as memory impairment and fatigue, that occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep. Insomnia may present as difficulty falling/staying asleep or as sleep that is nonrestorative. Studies show a strong correlation between insomnia and impaired quality of life. Pain conditions and depression are commonly associated with insomnia, either as secondary or comorbid conditions. In addition, a greater incidence of anxiety, alcohol and drug dependence, and cardiovascular disease is found in people with insomnia. Data indicate insomnia results from over-engaged arousal systems. Insomnia patients experience increased metabolic rate, body temperature, and heart rate, and elevated levels of norepinephrine and catecholamines. Pharmacologic options for the treatment of insomnia include benzodiazepine hypnotics, a selective melatonin receptor agonist, and sedating antidepressants. However, insomnia may be best treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy and instruction in good sleep hygiene, either alone or in concert with pharmacologic agents. Studies on the effects of insomnia treatment use variable methodologies or do not publish negative results, and there are currently no studies of treatment focusing on morbidity. Further research is necessary to better understand the effects of insomnia therapies on medical and psychiatric disorders. In this Clinical Information Supplement, Thomas Roth, PhD, describes the nature of insomnia and its pathophysiology. Next, Andrew D. Krystal, MD, MS, reviews morbidities associated with insomnia. Finally, Joseph A. Lieberman III, MD, MPH, provides an overview of therapeutics utilized in patients with insomnia, including behavioral therapies and pharmacologic options. RN - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives) IS - 1092-8529 IL - 1092-8529 PT - Congresses PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2007 Jul DC - 20070702 YR - 2007 ED - 20080724 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17603408 <370. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18382171 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jackson LD AU - Little J AU - Kung E AU - Williams EM AU - Siemiatkowska K AU - Plowman S FA - Jackson, Lawrence D FA - Little, Jane FA - Kung, Edward FA - Williams, Evelyn M FA - Siemiatkowska, Krystyna FA - Plowman, Suzanne IN - Jackson,Lawrence D. Aging and Veterans Care, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario. Lawrence.Jackson@sunnybrook.ca TI - Safe medication swallowing in Dysphagia: a collaborative improvement project. SO - Healthcare Quarterly. 11(3 Spec No.):110-6, 2008. AS - Healthc Q. 11(3 Spec No.):110-6, 2008. NJ - Healthcare quarterly (Toronto, Ont.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101208192 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - Canada MH - Administration, Oral MH - *Airway Obstruction/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Cooperative Behavior MH - *Deglutition Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Medical Audit MH - *Safety Management AB - Episodes of choking during medication administration to patients with dysphagia prompted a chart audit and caregiver interview to identify system problems that allowed inappropriate drug administration to occur. Sixty elderly patients residing on two patient care areas in a 500-bed complex continuing care facility were studied. The audit explored the actual nursing medication administration methods and compared this to the information obtained from various communication tools including instructions that appeared on the medication administration record (MAR), the current diet order, the recommendations of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) and comments on the nursing care plan. The audit yielded a number of discrepancies between nursing actions and the instructions obtain from these sources. We proposed that changes to the process of communicating medication swallowing recommendations among team members would lead to greater patient safety. Major practice changes included the use of standardized language by the SLP when making recommendations, the writing of SLP recommendations in the doctor's orders, the inclusion of SLP recommendations on the MAR and the creation of a "dysphagia alert" on the pharmacy computer system. An educational intervention was conducted to implement process changes. Its effectiveness was evaluated using a pre- and post-test and a participant satisfaction survey. A post-implementation audit showed compliance with the practice change. In summary, process changes were implemented to improve compliance with SLP medication-related swallowing recommendations and to prevent the inadvertent prescribing, dispensing or crushing of sustained-release medications in patients with dysphagia. IS - 1710-2774 IL - 1710-2774 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 DC - 20080402 YR - 2008 ED - 20080717 RD - 20140804 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18382171 <371. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18463341 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Passarella S AU - Duong MT FA - Passarella, Stacy FA - Duong, Minh-Tri IN - Passarella,Stacy. Pharmacy Department, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33601, USA. spassarella@tgh.org TI - Diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. [Review] [58 refs] SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 65(10):927-34, 2008 May 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 65(10):927-34, 2008 May 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Benzodiazepines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Cognitive Therapy MH - GABA-A Receptor Agonists MH - Humans MH - Hypnotics and Sedatives/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Receptors, Melatonin/ag [Agonists] MH - *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - PURPOSE: The diagnostic criteria and treatment of insomnia are reviewed. AB - SUMMARY: Insomnia is most often described as a subjective complaint of poor sleep quality or quantity despite adequate time for sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue, irritability, and decreased concentration. Insomnia is classified as idiopathic or comorbid. Comorbid insomnias are associated with psychiatric disorders, medical disorders, substance abuse, and specific sleep disorders. Idiopathic insomnia is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion. A wide array of terminology exists for defining the duration of insomnia symptoms, which may add to the confusion regarding insomnia classification. Acute insomnia refers to sleep problems lasting from one night to a few weeks, whereas chronic insomnia refers to sleep problems lasting at least three nights weekly for at least one month. Diagnostic tools for identifying insomnia are multifactorial. Nonpharmacologic interventions for insomnia include sleep-hygiene education, stimulus-control therapy, relaxation therapy, and sleep-restriction therapy. The most effective pharmacologic therapies for insomnia are benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine-receptor agonists, melatonin-receptor agonists, and antidepressants. Choice of a specific agent should be based on patient-specific factors, including age, proposed length of treatment, primary sleep complaint, history of drug or alcohol abuse, and cost. AB - CONCLUSION: Many treatment options are available for patients with insomnia. Behavioral therapies should be initiated as first-line treatment in most patients. For patients who require the addition of pharmacologic therapy, the drugs with the most evidence for benefit include benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine-receptor agonists, melatonin-receptor agonists, and antidepressants. Selection of a specific agent must take into account numerous patient-specific factors. [References: 58] RN - 0 (GABA-A Receptor Agonists) RN - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives) RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) RN - 0 (Receptors, Melatonin) RN - 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines) ES - 1535-2900 IL - 1079-2082 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp060640 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2008 May 15 DC - 20080508 YR - 2008 ED - 20080624 RD - 20101118 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18463341 <372. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18236269 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ryan G AU - Lyon P AU - Kumar K AU - Bell J AU - Barnet S AU - Shaw T FA - Ryan, Greg FA - Lyon, Patricia FA - Kumar, Koshila FA - Bell, James FA - Barnet, Stewart FA - Shaw, Tim IN - Ryan,Greg. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. gryan@pharm.usyd.edu.au TI - Online CME: an effective alternative to face-to-face delivery. SO - Medical Teacher. 29(8):e251-7, 2007 Oct. AS - Med Teach. 29(8):e251-7, 2007 Oct. NJ - Medical teacher PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Accreditation/mt [Methods] MH - Clinical Competence/st [Standards] MH - *Computer-Assisted Instruction/mt [Methods] MH - Consumer Behavior MH - *Education, Medical, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - New South Wales MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Program Evaluation AB - BACKGROUND: The Pharmacotherapies Accreditation Course (PAC) is a continuing medical education (CME) course designed to prepare practitioners for accreditation as pharmacotherapies prescribers for opioid dependence. The course incorporates a preparation stage, a workshop stage and a clinical placement component. The PAC continues to be successfully delivered in face-to-face mode since 2001. From 2003 onwards, an online alternative of the PAC was also implemented. AB - AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online alternative to an existing face-to-face CME workshop in preparing practitioners for accreditation as a pharmacotherapies prescriber for opioid dependence. AB - METHODS: Participants were 62 practitioners who undertook the PAC between 2003 and 2006. A pretest/posttest-control group design was used, with outcome measures across the domains of knowledge, skill, and attitudes, together with a course feedback survey for both the online and face-to-face modes of the course. AB - RESULTS: Results demonstrate that the online CME mode was equally as effective as the face-to face mode in preparing participants for their role in the treatment and management of opioid dependence, and was also rated highly by participants. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The findings have implications for the effective design and delivery of e-learning environments for professional practice, in terms of equipping participants with requisite clinical knowledge and skills and facilitating the development of attitudes congruent with professional practice. ES - 1466-187X IL - 0142-159X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590701551698 PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Oct DC - 20080131 YR - 2007 ED - 20080620 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18236269 <373. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18198240 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kehoe WA Jr FA - Kehoe, William A Jr TI - Substance abuse: new numbers are a cause for action. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 42(2):270-2, 2008 Feb. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 42(2):270-2, 2008 Feb. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders MH - Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - Street Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - Substance abuse is a highly prevalent problem. Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions show that about 1 in 10 Americans will have a substance use disorder in their lifetime. Pharmacists are critical professionals in addressing this problem; they will care for patients with substance use issues on nearly a daily basis. Prescription drug abuse is epidemic. Because substance abuse and dependence are complex problems and treatment requires a multifaceted approach, long-term treatment plans that often require psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherappeutic interventions are now being used. Armed with treatment guidelines and other available information, pharmacists need to play a central role. The results of this recent study are described here and suggestions for educational efforts and interventions are provided to help pharmacists address this national problem. RN - 0 (Street Drugs) ES - 1542-6270 IL - 1060-0280 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1K523 PT - Editorial LG - English EP - 20080115 DP - 2008 Feb DC - 20080418 YR - 2008 ED - 20080617 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18198240 <374. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18199304 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Farrell M AU - Marsden J FA - Farrell, Michael FA - Marsden, John IN - Farrell,Michael. National Addiction Centre, Division of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. m.farrell@iop.kcl.ac.uk TI - Acute risk of drug-related death among newly released prisoners in England and Wales. CM - Comment in: Addiction. 2008 Feb;103(2):256-7; PMID: 18199305 SO - Addiction. 103(2):251-5, 2008 Feb. AS - Addiction. 103(2):251-5, 2008 Feb. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/po [Poisoning] MH - Benzodiazepines/po [Poisoning] MH - Cause of Death MH - Cocaine/po [Poisoning] MH - Data Collection MH - *Drug Overdose/mo [Mortality] MH - Female MH - Great Britain/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Prisoners/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Distribution MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/mo [Mortality] MH - Suicide/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - AIMS: To investigate drug-related deaths among newly released prisoners in England and Wales. AB - DESIGN: Database linkage study. AB - PARTICIPANTS: National sample of 48,771 male and female sentenced prisoners released during 1998-2000 with all recorded deaths included to November 2003. AB - FINDINGS: There were 442 recorded deaths, of which 261 (59%) were drug-related. In the year following index release, the drug-related mortality rate was 5.2 per 1000 among men and 5.9 per 1000 among women. All-cause mortality in the first and second weeks following release for men was 37 and 26 deaths per 1000 per annum, respectively (95% of which were drug-related). There were 47 and 38 deaths per 1000 per annum, respectively, among women, all of which were drug-related. In the first year after prison release, there were 342 male deaths (45.8 were expected in the general population) and there were 100 female deaths (8.3 expected in the general population). Drug-related deaths were attributed mainly to substance use disorders and drug overdose. Coronial records cited the involvement of opioids in 95% of deaths, benzodiazepines in 20%, cocaine in 14% and tricyclic antidepressants in 10%. Drug-related deaths among men were more likely to involve heroin and deaths among women were more likely to involve benzodiazepines, cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Newly released male and female prisoners are at acute risk of drug-related death. Appropriate prevention measures include overdose awareness education, opioid maintenance pharmacotherapy, planned referral to community-based treatment services and a community overdose-response using opioid antagonists. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0965-2140 IL - 0965-2140 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02081.x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2008 Feb DC - 20080117 YR - 2008 ED - 20080610 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18199304 <375. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18436731 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kliethermes MA AU - Schullo-Feulner AM AU - Tilton J AU - Kim S AU - Pellegrino AN FA - Kliethermes, Mary Ann FA - Schullo-Feulner, Anne Marie FA - Tilton, Jessica FA - Kim, Shiyun FA - Pellegrino, Annette Nicole IN - Kliethermes,Mary Ann. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA. mkliet@midwestern.edu TI - Model for medication therapy management in a university clinic. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 65(9):844-56, 2008 May 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 65(9):844-56, 2008 May 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Continuity of Patient Care/td [Trends] MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Hospitals, University MH - Humans MH - *Models, Organizational MH - Outpatients MH - *Patient Care Planning MH - Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Referral and Consultation AB - PURPOSE: Experience with a referral-based medication therapy management (MTM) clinic in a university medical center is described. AB - SUMMARY: The MTM clinic's mission is to assist patients who take multiple medications due to multiple chronic conditions with the management of their drug therapy to improve or maintain their health and prevent or minimize drug-related problems. The clinical services provided at the clinic have evolved into a comprehensive program providing five distinct service areas: access, adherence, coordination of care, medication therapy review, and education. During initial visits, patient information is collected, patients are interviewed, medications are reconciled, and the pharmacist identifies and attempts to solve any immediate drug-related problems and concerns. Routine visits are scheduled monthly to coincide with a patient's medication refills. On a typical day, a minimum of two MTM pharmacists and one pharmacy technician staff the clinic. On two days of the week, three MTM pharmacists are available in the clinic. The clinic averages 9-13 scheduled patient visits per day. The MTM clinic functions as a subset of the outpatient pharmacy and is merged financially in the general operational budget of the ambulatory care pharmacy. This model of MTM patient care is intensive and comprehensive and is significantly different from the majority of MTM models currently provided by Medicare Part D plans. AB - CONCLUSION: A referral-based MTM clinic managed by pharmacists at a university medical center outpatient pharmacy provides care to patients with the goal of improving medication access, medication adherence, continuity of care, medication therapy management, and patient education. ES - 1535-2900 IL - 1079-2082 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070338 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2008 May 1 DC - 20080425 YR - 2008 ED - 20080522 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18436731 <376. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18365356 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Das BP AU - Rauniar GP AU - Bhattacharya SK FA - Das, B P FA - Rauniar, G P FA - Bhattacharya, S K IN - Das,B P. BP Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal. bpdas2000@yahoo.com TI - Medical errors challenges for the health professionals: need of Pharmacovigilance to prevent. [Review] [29 refs] SO - Jnma, Journal of the Nepal Medical Association. 45(162):273-8, 2006 Apr-Jun. AS - Jnm. 45(162):273-8, 2006 Apr-Jun. NJ - JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0045233 SB - Index Medicus CP - Nepal MH - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems MH - Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems MH - *Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - *Liability, Legal MH - *Malpractice/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Medication Systems, Hospital MH - *Professional Practice MH - Professional Role MH - Risk Factors AB - The incidence of different aspects of iatrogenic problems due to drugs is Adverse Events (AEs) 3.7%, Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) 2.4-6.5%, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) is 6.7%. Negligence in serious ADEs and death is 34% and 51% respectively, preventable ADEs is 25-50%. Medication Errors (MEs) occur most often in perscribing (29-56%). The most common cause of MEs is lack of knowledge about the drug (29%) and the patient about 18%. MEs result malpractice claims in 13-25% of cases which occur due to mistakes and slips of action & lapses of memory. The MEs can be prevented by establishing effective Pharmacovigilance control center, which frequently gives proper guidance to the prescribers. Use of computerized decision for prescription writing, effective communication with patient, families, pharmacists and nurses and continuing medical education on information of new drugs and new information on current drugs can be effective tolls to prevent the errors. [References: 29] IS - 0028-2715 IL - 0028-2715 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2006 Apr-Jun DC - 20080326 YR - 2006 ED - 20080417 RD - 20091111 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18365356 <377. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18351180 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Peters RJ Jr AU - Meshack AF AU - Kelder SH AU - Webb P AU - Smith D AU - Garner K FA - Peters, Ronald J Jr FA - Meshack, Angela F FA - Kelder, Steven H FA - Webb, Patrick FA - Smith, Dexter FA - Garner, Kevin IN - Peters,Ronald J Jr. The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, USA. Ronald.J.Peters@uth.tmc.edu TI - Alprazolam (Xanax) use among southern youth: beliefs and social norms concerning dangerous rides on "handlebars". SO - Journal of Drug Education. 37(4):417-28, 2007. AS - J Drug Educ. 37(4):417-28, 2007. NJ - Journal of drug education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jl7, 1300031 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adolescent Behavior MH - *Alprazolam MH - *Attitude to Health MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Pilot Projects MH - Qualitative Research MH - *Social Environment MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - While the epidemiologic trends concerning alprazolam (Xanax) are unknown, the use of benzodiazepines, in general, has increased in popularity among youth within recent years. To shed light on the drug problem, the current pilot study used a qualitative approach to investigate relevant beliefs, norms, and perceived addiction associated with alprazolam initiation among 46 youth who were attending an inpatient drug treatment program during the spring of 2004. Overwhelmingly, most participants stated that addiction to alprazolam occurs as early as initial consumption. Most youth in the study stated that their friends felt it was normal to use alprazolam. In addition, their control beliefs revealed that if someone wanted to stop it would be difficult because of the widespread use in their communities and family social reinforcement involved with its use. In this study, a majority of students stated that medical professionals such as doctors and pharmacists were the greatest facilitator of alprazolam acquisition. Implications for these results are discussed. RN - YU55MQ3IZY (Alprazolam) IS - 0047-2379 IL - 0047-2379 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 DC - 20080320 YR - 2007 ED - 20080408 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18351180 <378. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18159781 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Peters R Jr AU - Yacoubian GS Jr AU - Rhodes W AU - Forsythe KJ AU - Bowers KS AU - Eulian VM AU - Mangum CA AU - O'Neal JD AU - Martin Q AU - Essien EJ FA - Peters, Ronald Jr FA - Yacoubian, George S Jr FA - Rhodes, Warren FA - Forsythe, Karry J FA - Bowers, Kameko S FA - Eulian, Valencia M FA - Mangum, Clemmie A FA - O'Neal, Jamie D FA - Martin, Queen FA - Essien, E James IN - Peters,Ronald Jr. University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin Suite 2618, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Ronald.J.Peters@uth.tmc.edu TI - Beliefs and social norms about codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup (CPHCS) use and addiction among multi-ethnic college students. SO - Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 39(3):277-82, 2007 Sep. AS - J Psychoactive Drugs. 39(3):277-82, 2007 Sep. NJ - Journal of psychoactive drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jlp, 8113536 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - African Continental Ancestry Group MH - Antitussive Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Antitussive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Codeine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Codeine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Cough/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Drug Combinations MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Promethazine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Promethazine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Public Opinion MH - Qualitative Research MH - Students MH - Substance-Related Disorders/eh [Ethnology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Universities AB - In this study a qualitative approach is used to investigate relevant beliefs and norms concerning the consumption, initiation, and perceived addiction of codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup (CPHCS) among 61 college-age students who identified themselves as current CPHCS users. In general, a majority of students stated that doctors and pharmacists were the greatest facilitators of CPHCS acquisition. A majority of students believed that their friends felt codeine promethazine use was "normal" and "cool" among college students their age, and that reinforcing factors, such as peer pressure and curiosity, contributed to initial CPHCS use. RN - 0 (Antitussive Agents) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - FF28EJQ494 (Promethazine) RN - Q830PW7520 (Codeine) IS - 0279-1072 IL - 0279-1072 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Sep DC - 20071227 YR - 2007 ED - 20080408 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18159781 <379. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17996399 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Shiffman S AU - Brockwell SE AU - Pillitteri JL AU - Gitchell JG FA - Shiffman, Saul FA - Brockwell, Sarah E FA - Pillitteri, Janine L FA - Gitchell, Joseph G IN - Shiffman,Saul. Pinney Associates, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. shiffman@pinneyassociates.com TI - Individual differences in adoption of treatment for smoking cessation: demographic and smoking history characteristics. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 93(1-2):121-31, 2008 Jan 11. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 93(1-2):121-31, 2008 Jan 11. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Attitude to Health MH - Cognitive Therapy MH - Demography MH - Drug Therapy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - *Health Behavior MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Prevalence MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/th [Therapy] MH - *Smoking Cessation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - BACKGROUND: Behavioral and pharmacological treatments have been shown to improve smoking cessation rates, but treatments are under-utilized. AB - AIMS: To examine the demographic and smoking history characteristics associated with adoption of treatment for cessation. AB - DESIGN: Analysis of the 2003 tobacco use special cessation supplement to the current population survey. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Representative sample of 12,027 U.S. daily smokers ages 18 and older who made a quit attempt in the past year. AB - MEASUREMENTS: Use of behavioral, pharmacological or alternative treatments for cessation; demographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, education and income) and measures of nicotine dependence. AB - RESULTS: Females, Whites, older, more educated and wealthier smokers were more likely to adopt treatment in a quit attempt, as were more nicotine dependent smokers. Females were more likely than males to use behavioral treatments. Females and more educated smokers were more likely to combine behavioral and pharmacological treatment. Among those who used only one treatment, males, older and more nicotine dependent smokers were more likely to adopt pharmacological treatments. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The majority of smokers make quit attempts without the benefit of proven behavioral or pharmacological treatments. Efforts are needed to increase use of smoking cessation treatments among all smokers, particularly combination treatment. IS - 0376-8716 IL - 0376-8716 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20071108 DP - 2008 Jan 11 DC - 20071217 YR - 2008 ED - 20080402 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17996399 <380. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18316282 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - DeMaria PA AU - Patkar AA FA - DeMaria, Peter A FA - Patkar, Ashwin A IN - DeMaria,Peter A. Tuttleman Counseling Services, Temple University, 1810 Liacouris Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. pdemaria@temple.edu TI - The implementation of buprenorphine/naloxone in college health practice. [Review] [21 refs] SO - Journal of American College Health. 56(4):391-3, 2008 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Coll Health. 56(4):391-3, 2008 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of American college health : J of ACH PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - h5e, 8214119, 7503059 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Buprenorphine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination MH - Drug Combinations MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Naloxone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Naloxone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Student Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] AB - Opiate abuse and dependence have become important concerns for college healthcare providers. The passage of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 and the approval of the combination buprenorphine/naloxone for office-based treatment of opiate dependence have increased the options available for college students and their healthcare providers. The authors review the pharmacology of buprenorphine/naloxone and discuss how it can be implemented in college health practice. They also present a case report. [References: 21] RN - 0 (Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) IS - 0744-8481 IL - 0744-8481 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.44.391-394 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2008 Jan-Feb DC - 20080304 YR - 2008 ED - 20080401 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18316282 <381. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18041362 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - La Pera G FA - La Pera, Giuseppe IN - La Pera,Giuseppe. Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy. lapera@libero.it TI - Sexual education and temporary total androgen blockade in the fight against heroin addiction: a new hypothesis. SO - Archivio Italiano di Urologia, Andrologia. 79(3):118-21, 2007 Sep. AS - Arch Ital Urol Androl. 79(3):118-21, 2007 Sep. NJ - Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica / Associazione ricerche in urologia PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - br3, 9308247 SB - Index Medicus CP - Italy MH - Adolescent MH - *Androgen Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Heroin Dependence/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Sex Education AB - Various theories have been advanced to account for heroin addiction. One of the causes, upon which little attention has, so far, been focused, concerns the relationship with testosterone and with sexual distress. In the present report, a new strategy in the fight against heroin use is proposed which is based upon the assumption that testosterone, or its metabolites, would exert on drug seeking behaviours and drug taking behaviours through a direct effect upon the rewarding circuit or indirectly eliciting the drug craving and by leading some youths with sexual distress to seek improvement in their sexual performance with the use of drugs. The new strategy proposed here is based upon sexual and affectivity education in adolescents to prevent First Drug Use and for those already addicted, upon sexual and affectivity education and temporary total androgen blockade with pharmaceutical agents that, in a reversible fashion, block both the production and the effect of testosterone and their metabolites until complete disintoxication of drug use is reached. RN - 0 (Androgen Antagonists) IS - 1124-3562 IL - 1124-3562 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Sep DC - 20071128 YR - 2007 ED - 20080303 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18041362 <382. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17998991 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lubowski TJ AU - Cronin LM AU - Pavelka RW AU - Briscoe-Dwyer LA AU - Briceland LL AU - Hamilton RA FA - Lubowski, Teresa J FA - Cronin, Laurie M FA - Pavelka, Robert W FA - Briscoe-Dwyer, Leigh A FA - Briceland, Laurie L FA - Hamilton, Robert A IN - Lubowski,Teresa J. Albany College of Pharmacy, NY 12208, USA. lubowskt@acp.edu TI - Effectiveness of a medication reconciliation project conducted by PharmD students. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 71(5):94, 2007 Oct 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 71(5):94, 2007 Oct 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2064892 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/mt [Methods] MH - Hospitals, Community/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/mt [Methods] MH - *Students, Pharmacy KW - advanced pharmacy practice experience; medication reconciliation AB - OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a medication reconciliation program conducted by doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students during an advanced pharmacy practice experience. AB - METHODS: Patients admitted to medicine or surgery units at 3 hospitals were included. Students were instructed to interview each patient to obtain a medication history, reconcile this list with the medical chart, and identify and solve drug-related problems. AB - RESULTS: Eleven students reconciled medications for 330 patients over 10 months and identified 922 discrepancies. The median number of discrepancies found per patient was 2, and no discrepancies were found in 25% of the cases. In cases in which discrepancies were identified, a greater number of medications had been prescribed for the patient (7.9 +/- 4.0 medications compared to 5.4 +/- 3.9 medications; p < 0.05). The students completed 59 interventions. Differences were found in the numbers of discrepancies and drug-related problems that different students at different sites identified (p < 0.05). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy students provided a valuable service to 3 community hospitals. The students improved the quality of patient care by identifying and solving significant drug-related problems, identifying drug allergy information, and resolving home and admission medication discrepancies. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Oct 15 DC - 20071113 YR - 2007 ED - 20080201 RD - 20140904 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17998991 <383. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18075053 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gulyas B FA - Gulyas, B IN - Gulyas,B. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. balazs.gulyas@ki.se TI - The receptor fingerprint of the human brain and its changes during life. SO - Bulletin et Memoires de l Academie Royale de Medecine de Belgique. 162(3-4):225-37; discussion 237-8, 2007. AS - Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg. 162(3-4):225-37; discussion 237-8, 2007. NJ - Bulletin et memoires de l'Academie royale de medecine de Belgique PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7608462, box SB - Index Medicus CP - Belgium MH - *Aging/ph [Physiology] MH - Animals MH - *Behavior MH - Brain/gd [Growth & Development] MH - *Brain/ph [Physiology] MH - Brain/ri [Radionuclide Imaging] MH - Humans MH - Personality MH - Positron-Emission Tomography MH - Primates MH - Receptors, Catecholamine/ph [Physiology] MH - *Receptors, Cell Surface/ph [Physiology] MH - Temperament AB - With the help of PET one can explore the various neurotransmitter-neuroreceptor systems, their interactive balance and their changes during life, i.e., the human brain receptor fingerprint: the highly individual composition of, and balance among, the various receptor systems can be measured both qualitatively (the presence of various receptors in different brain regions) and quantitatively (the density of the receptors, their binding potential, occupancy, etc.). The understanding of the normal constitution of the primate brain neurotransmitter-receptor systems and their pathological changes requires multiligand receptor mapping, using various PET radioligands. Some major components of our brain receptor fingerprint strictly correlate with personality traits, character and temperament, and most probably, with "cognitive styles", as well. The brain receptor fingerprint is continuously changing during our normal life (maturation, ageing) and short term physiological or pharmacological challenges (sensory or cognitive processes, drug administration etc.) can also modify it. Social interactions, learning, habituation and other lasting interactions with our social and physical environment can significantly modify the receptor fingerprint. Pathological conditions, including neurological and psychiatric diseases strongly affect the normal neuroreceptor-neurotransmitter balance of the brain, as do pharmacological treatments or drug abuse. RN - 0 (Receptors, Catecholamine) RN - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface) IS - 0377-8231 IL - 0377-8231 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 DC - 20071213 YR - 2007 ED - 20080123 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18075053 <384. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 18062734 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Manos MJ AU - Tom-Revzon C AU - Bukstein OG AU - Crismon ML FA - Manos, Michael J FA - Tom-Revzon, Catherine FA - Bukstein, Oscar G FA - Crismon, M Lynn IN - Manos,Michael J. Children's Hospital, 9500 Euclid Ave., Desk A120, Cleveland, OH 44195,USA. manosm@ccf.org TI - Changes and challenges: managing ADHD in a fast-paced world. [Review] [103 refs] SO - Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 13(9 Suppl B):S2-S13; quiz S14-S16, 2007 Nov. AS - J Manage Care Pharm. 13(9 Suppl B):S2-S13; quiz S14-S16, 2007 Nov. NJ - Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9605854 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Algorithms MH - Antihypertensive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Atomoxetine Hydrochloride MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/co [Complications] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/px [Psychology] MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/th [Therapy] MH - Benzhydryl Compounds/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Child MH - Comorbidity MH - Drug Delivery Systems MH - Family MH - Guanfacine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Patient Compliance MH - Prodrugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Propylamines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Quality of Life MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impairs the lives of both children and adults. Undiagnosed and untreated, ADHD may have serious lifelong consequences. Research has identified diagnostic clues, neurotransmitter pathways, and psychiatric comorbidities related to ADHD, as well as effective pharmacologic, behavioral, and psychosocial interventions. Stimulant agents have been the foundation of ADHD therapy for more than 50 years. Availability of new extended-release (XR or ER) and longer-acting (LA) formulations and novel agents allows for wider and more individualized treatment choices. Side effects of stimulants are generally mild, short lived, and responsive to adjustments in dosage or timing. Outcomes in ADHD treatment can be improved with the use of clear treatment guidelines and tools to aid clinicians in implementing them efficiently and effectively. The Texas Children's Medication Algorithm Project (CMAP) provides a system of algorithm-driven treatment decisions that is evidence based and easy to implement. AB - OBJECTIVE: To (1) review the psychological components of attention, the neurotransmitter pathways associated with ADHD, and the array of therapeutic options for ADHD, with an emphasis on the most recent introductions to the therapeutic armamentarium; (2) discuss the rare psychiatric and cardiovascular side effects associated with stimulants; (3) review abuse liability, comorbidities, and suggested approaches to these issues; and (4) review the development and use of CMAP and offer resources for its implementation in clinical practice. AB - CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology of ADHD is linked to dysfunction of fronto-subcortical networks and dysregulation of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and nicotinic neurotransmitter systems. An additive effect of multiple genes as well as environmental influences contributes to the clinical picture. Treatment with stimulants and nonstimulants has proven effective in different subgroups, with the effectiveness of specific agents most likely related to the primary neurotransmitter involved. Availability of XR, ER, LA, and transdermal stimulant formulations, as well as alternative nonstimulant agents, offers new options for the pharmacotherapy of ADHD. Major concerns associated with abuse liability of stimulants have been allayed by the availability of ER formulations, which have reduced reinforcing effects associated with short-acting preparations. Medication outcomes in ADHD can be enhanced by the use of evidence-based algorithms such as CMAP. Keys to success are adequate initial assessment and diagnosis, the use of sustained-release products, sufficient dose titration, and the use of clinical rating scales with feedback from caregivers and teachers. Optimal treatment outcomes can be achieved by appropriate pharmacotherapy combined with psychosocial interventions. [References: 103] RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Prodrugs) RN - 0 (Propylamines) RN - 30OMY4G3MK (Guanfacine) RN - 57WVB6I2W0 (Atomoxetine Hydrochloride) RN - R3UK8X3U3D (modafinil) IS - 1083-4087 IL - 1083-4087 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2007 Nov DC - 20071207 YR - 2007 ED - 20080123 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18062734 <385. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17973543 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Irujo M AU - Beitia G AU - Bes-Rastrollo M AU - Figueiras A AU - Hernandez-Diaz S AU - Lasheras B FA - Irujo, Marta FA - Beitia, Guadalupe FA - Bes-Rastrollo, Maira FA - Figueiras, Adolfo FA - Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia FA - Lasheras, Berta IN - Irujo,Marta. Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. TI - Factors that influence under-reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions among community pharmacists in a Spanish region. SO - Drug Safety. 30(11):1073-82, 2007. AS - Drug Saf. 30(11):1073-82, 2007. NJ - Drug safety PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ahq, 9002928 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Adult MH - *Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Case-Control Studies MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Data Collection MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Models, Statistical MH - *Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Spain MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - BACKGROUND: The spontaneous reporting system is the most efficient warning system of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pharmacists can play an important role in the detection and reporting of ADRs. The factors that affect under-reporting among these professionals are unknown in Spain. AB - OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors that influence community pharmacists' ADR under-reporting in Navarra, a Northern Spanish region. AB - METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on a population of 802 community pharmacists working in Navarra. Cases were pharmacists who had reported at least two ADRs to the region's drug surveillance unit between 2003 and 2005 and who agreed to participate in the study (18/20; 90%). A random sample of 60 controls was selected from the 762 pharmacists who had not reported any ADR during the same period of time. AB - RESULTS: Factors positively associated with ADR reporting were age, years of work experience as a pharmacist, participation in educational activities related to the detection and resolution of drug-related problems, the habit of detecting ADRs as part of pharmacists' duties, having the basic knowledge needed to report ADRs, and disagreement with the common belief among healthcare professionals that 'to report an ADR it is necessary to be sure that the reaction is related to the use of a particular drug'. The most frequently mentioned reasons for not reporting ADRs were the ADR is not serious, the ADR is already known, uncertainty concerning the causal relationship between the ADR and the drug, forgetting to report the ADR and a lack of time. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists' knowledge, beliefs, behaviour and motivation play an important role in ADR reporting. Under-reporting might be improved through activities focused on modifying such factors. IS - 0114-5916 IL - 0114-5916 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2007 DC - 20071101 YR - 2007 ED - 20080123 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17973543 <386. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17944023 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ahmed SH AU - Bobashev G AU - Gutkin BS FA - Ahmed, Serge H FA - Bobashev, Georgiy FA - Gutkin, Boris S IN - Ahmed,Serge H. Universite Victor-Segalen Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5227, Bordeaux, France. TI - The simulation of addiction: pharmacological and neurocomputational models of drug self-administration. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 90(2-3):304-11, 2007 Oct 8. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 90(2-3):304-11, 2007 Oct 8. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - *Decision Making MH - Humans MH - *Models, Theoretical MH - *Self Administration MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - In an attempt to better understand the pharmacological and neurobiological determinants of drug addiction, researchers have begun to build mathematical and computational models of drug self-administration. Quantitative pharmacological models have been developed to describe the acquisition of drug self-administration behavior and the maintenance of drug use behavior. However, models that describe behavior acquisition are unable to explain behavior maintenance, and vice versa. Recently, computational modeling has been used to develop more neurobiologically realistic models with the potential to explain drug self-administration across all major behavioral stages (i.e., initiation, escalation and maintenance)and across a wide range of reinforcement contingencies. Intrigued by the apparent irrational behavior of drug addicts, researchers from a wide range of scientific disciplines have formulated a plethora of theoretical schemes over the years to understand addiction. However, most of these models are qualitative in nature and are formulated using terms that are often ill-defined. As a result, the empirical validity of these models has been difficult to test rigorously, which has served to generate more controversy than clarity. In this context, as in other scientific fields, mathematical and computational modeling may contribute to the development of more testable and rigorous models of addiction. Recently, several researchers have begun to simulate drug self-administration behavior in an attempt to better understand the pharmacological and neurobiological determinants of drug addiction. This article stems from a 2006 College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) workshop and includes a few examples of mathematical and computational models of drug self-administration in rodents that illustrate the contribution of mathematical modeling to our understanding of the pharmacological and neurobiological factors in drug self-administration. IS - 0376-8716 IL - 0376-8716 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Oct 8 DC - 20071017 YR - 2007 ED - 20080122 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17944023 <387. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17517820 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Buri C AU - Moggi F AU - Giovanoli A AU - Strik W FA - Buri, Caroline FA - Moggi, Franz FA - Giovanoli, Anna FA - Strik, Werner IN - Buri,Caroline. University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland. TI - Prescription procedures in medication for relapse prevention after inpatient treatment for alcohol use disorders in Switzerland. SO - Alcohol & Alcoholism. 42(4):333-9, 2007 Jul-Aug. AS - Alcohol Alcohol. 42(4):333-9, 2007 Jul-Aug. NJ - Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - aal, 8310684 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - *Alcohol Deterrents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - *Disulfiram/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Inpatients MH - Male MH - Mental Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Mental Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Psychological Tests MH - Secondary Prevention MH - Substance-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Switzerland/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Taurine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Taurine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - AIMS: In randomized controlled trials with high internal validity, pharmacotherapy using acamprosate, naltrexone, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, disulfiram has proved effective in preventing relapse in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD). There remains, however, a paucity of studies with sufficient external validity in which the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in clinical practice is investigated. This study aimed to make a contribution to close this gap in research. AB - METHODS: In this naturalistic, prospective study, a comparison on indices of substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and treatment service utilization was carried out using samples of 92 patients who received pharmacotherapy and 323 patients who did not receive pharmacotherapy following discharge from 12 residential AUD programmes (index stay). AB - RESULTS: Patients that received pharmacotherapy were more likely to use alcohol during the index stay and at the 1-year follow-up. Moreover, this patient group more readily utilized treatment services during a 2-year period prior to and a 1-year period following index stay than patients who were not given pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless, when pharmacotherapy was prescribed before first post-treatment alcohol use, it was associated with delay of alcohol use, fewer relapses, and a reduced need for inpatient treatment. In many cases, however, medication was not prescribed until alcohol use and relapse had occurred. The length of time to first alcohol use was longer, and the cumulative abstinence rate higher, for disulfiram than for acamprosate, the latter being generally prescribed for more severely alcohol-dependent patients. AB - CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for further studies to probe the reasons why medication for relapse prevention is not prescribed upon discharge from residential treatment and for less severely alcohol-dependent patients. RN - 0 (Alcohol Deterrents) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 1EQV5MLY3D (Taurine) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - N4K14YGM3J (acamprosate) RN - TR3MLJ1UAI (Disulfiram) IS - 0735-0414 IL - 0735-0414 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20070521 DP - 2007 Jul-Aug DC - 20070919 YR - 2007 ED - 20080116 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17517820 <388. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17898389 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wischmeyer PE AU - Johnson BR AU - Wilson JE AU - Dingmann C AU - Bachman HM AU - Roller E AU - Tran ZV AU - Henthorn TK FA - Wischmeyer, Paul E FA - Johnson, Bradley R FA - Wilson, Joel E FA - Dingmann, Colleen FA - Bachman, Heidi M FA - Roller, Evan FA - Tran, Zung Vu FA - Henthorn, Thomas K IN - Wischmeyer,Paul E. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA. Paul.Wischmeyer@UCHSC.edu TI - A survey of propofol abuse in academic anesthesia programs. CM - Comment in: Anesth Analg. 2007 Oct;105(4):897-8; PMID: 17898362 SO - Anesthesia & Analgesia. 105(4):1066-71, table of contents, 2007 Oct. AS - Anesth Analg. 105(4):1066-71, table of contents, 2007 Oct. NJ - Anesthesia and analgesia PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 4r8, 1310650 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Academic Medical Centers MH - Anesthesiology/ed [Education] MH - *Anesthesiology/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Data Collection MH - *Internship and Residency MH - *Physician Impairment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Professional Misconduct/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Propofol MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: Although propofol has not traditionally been considered a drug of abuse, subanesthetic doses may have an abuse potential. We used this survey to assess prevalence and outcome of propofol abuse in academic anesthesiology programs. AB - METHODS: E-mail surveys were sent to the 126 academic anesthesiology training programs in the United States. AB - RESULTS: The survey response rate was 100%. One or more incidents of propofol abuse or diversion in the past 10 yr were reported by 18% of departments. The observed incidence of propofol abuse was 10 per 10,000 anesthesia providers per decade, a fivefold increase from previous surveys of propofol abuse (P = 0.005). Of the 25 reported individuals abusing propofol, 7 died as a result of the propofol abuse (28%), 6 of whom were residents. There was no established system to control or monitor propofol as is done with opioids at 71% of programs. There was an association between lack of control of propofol (e.g., pharmacy accounting) at the time of abuse and incidence of abuse at the program (P = 0.048). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Propofol abuse in academic anesthesiology likely has increased over the last 10 yr. Much of the mortality is in residents. Most programs have no pharmacy accounting or control of propofol stocks. This may be of concern, given that all programs reporting deaths from propofol abuse were centers in which there was no pharmacy accounting for the drug. RN - YI7VU623SF (Propofol) ES - 1526-7598 IL - 0003-2999 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2007 Oct DC - 20070927 YR - 2007 ED - 20071029 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17898389 <389. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17564872 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Moore TJ AU - Ritter A AU - Caulkins JP FA - Moore, Timothy J FA - Ritter, Alison FA - Caulkins, Jonathan P IN - Moore,Timothy J. Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre. Fitzroy, VIC, Australia. TI - The costs and consequences of three policy options for reducing heroin dependency. SO - Drug & Alcohol Review. 26(4):369-78, 2007 Jul. AS - Drug Alcohol Rev. 26(4):369-78, 2007 Jul. NJ - Drug and alcohol review PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9015440 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Australia MH - Cost-Benefit Analysis MH - Drug and Narcotic Control/ec [Economics] MH - Drug and Narcotic Control/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Drug and Narcotic Control/mt [Methods] MH - *Health Policy MH - *Heroin Dependence/ec [Economics] MH - *Heroin Dependence/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Heroin Dependence/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Humans MH - *Law Enforcement MH - Methadone/ec [Economics] MH - Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - Patient Compliance MH - Prisons/ec [Economics] MH - Prisons/ut [Utilization] MH - Prospective Studies MH - Quality-Adjusted Life Years MH - Residential Treatment/ec [Economics] MH - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/ec [Economics] AB - INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This study compares the costs and consequences of three interventions for reducing heroin dependency: pharmacotherapy maintenance, residential rehabilitation and prison. AB - DESIGN AND METHODS: Using Australian data, the interventions' cost - consequence ratio was estimated, taking into consideration reduction in heroin use during the intervention; the length of intervention; and post-intervention effects (as measured by abstinence rates). Sensitivity analyses were conducted, including varying the magnitude and duration of treatment effects, and ascribing positive outcomes only to treatment completers. A hybrid model that combined pharmacotherapy maintenance with a prison term was also considered. AB - RESULTS: If the post-programme abstinence rates are sustained for 2 years, then for an average heroin user the cost of averting a year of heroin use is approximately AUD$5000 for pharmacotherapy maintenance, AUD$11,000 for residential rehabilitation and AUD$52 000 for prison. Varying the parameters does not change the ranking of the programmes. If the completion rate in pharmacotherapy maintenance was raised above 95% (by the threat of prison for non-completers), the combined model of treatment plus prison may become the most cost-effective option. AB - DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Relative performance in terms of costs and consequences is an important consideration in the policy decision-making process, and quantitative data such as those reported herein can provide insights pertinent to evidence-based policy. RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0959-5236 IL - 0959-5236 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2007 Jul DC - 20070613 YR - 2007 ED - 20071023 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17564872 <390. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17113686 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ashmore R AU - Carver N AU - Banks D FA - Ashmore, Russell FA - Carver, Neil FA - Banks, David IN - Ashmore,Russell. Sheffield Hallam University, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Mundella House, Collegiate Crescent, S1 1WB, United Kingdom. r.j.ashmore@shu.ac.uk TI - Mental health nursing students' relationships with the pharmaceutical industry. SO - Nurse Education Today. 27(6):551-60, 2007 Aug. AS - Nurse Educ Today. 27(6):551-60, 2007 Aug. NJ - Nurse education today PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ned, 8511379 SB - Nursing Journal CP - Scotland MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Bias (Epidemiology) MH - Clinical Competence MH - Codes of Ethics MH - Conflict of Interest MH - Drug Industry/es [Ethics] MH - *Drug Industry/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Drug Information Services MH - Education, Nursing, Graduate/es [Ethics] MH - Education, Nursing, Graduate/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Female MH - Gift Giving/es [Ethics] MH - *Gift Giving MH - Great Britain MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Health Services Needs and Demand MH - Humans MH - Interprofessional Relations/es [Ethics] MH - *Interprofessional Relations MH - Male MH - Nursing Methodology Research MH - Persuasive Communication MH - Psychiatric Nursing/ed [Education] MH - *Psychiatric Nursing MH - Qualitative Research MH - *Students, Nursing/px [Psychology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - INTRODUCTION: The medical profession's relationship with the pharmaceutical industry (PI) has come under increased scrutiny in recent years, however little is known on the subject in mental health nursing. AB - AIMS: The study sought to investigate: (1) the frequency of contact between mental health nursing students and PI employees; (2) students' attitudes and beliefs about their relationship with the PI; (3) the range of 'gifts', promotional items and hospitality accepted or seen in clinical environments by students in a one year period; and (4) students' attitudes to 'gifts', promotional items and hospitality offered by the industry. AB - METHOD: Employing a survey design, a 35-item questionnaire was distributed to 472 students at two universities in the UK. Data were analysed from 347 respondents by means of descriptive statistics and simple content analysis. AB - RESULTS: The findings suggest that students have significant contact with the industry through one-to-one meetings with pharmaceutical representatives (PRs) and by attending events giving information on specific drugs or general mental health issues. Students also identified a number of benefits (e.g. receiving "up-to-date" information on new drugs) and problems (e.g. the potential influence exerted on practitioners to use their drugs) arising out of this contact. Most students (79.8%) had accepted some form of 'gift' from the industry but few (11.5%) believed it was unacceptable to do so. The presence of promotional items in the clinical environment was seen as advertising (84.4%) but few students (19.3%) believed clinical environment should be free of these items. Over half (57.1%) of the students believed that PRs did not always give unbiased information but thought that they and mental health nurses in general would be able to detect any bias. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In parallel with medicine, the study has shown that the pharmaceutical industry has at least the potential to influence mental health nursing students. Within medicine this realisation has triggered a vigorous debate on how medical schools should respond to the promotional activities of the PI. We suggest this study goes some way to demonstrating there is a need for these issues to be debated in the education of mental health nurses. IS - 0260-6917 IL - 0260-6917 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20061120 DP - 2007 Aug DC - 20070725 YR - 2007 ED - 20071005 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17113686 <391. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17725232 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Elger BS FA - Elger, Bernice S IN - Elger,Bernice S. Service de medecine de premier recours, Departement de medecine communautaire et de premier recours, Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, Switzerland. Bernice.Elger@hcuge.ch TI - Insomnia in places of detention: a review of the most recent research findings. [Review] [46 refs] SO - Medicine, Science & the Law. 47(3):191-9, 2007 Jul. AS - Med Sci Law. 47(3):191-9, 2007 Jul. NJ - Medicine, science, and the law PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - mem, 0400721 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Biomedical Research MH - Humans MH - *Prisoners MH - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Switzerland/ep [Epidemiology] AB - Up to 40% of prisoner patients in a general medicine outpatient service seek medical consultation for sleep problems. This paper provides a brief overview of what is known about insomnia and its treatment from studies on non-detained patients and discusses the relevance of the findings from studies in liberty for prison health care. The clinical and ethical issues of insomnia in prison are described, followed by a summary of the existing studies on insomnia in prison. The results of the reported studies show that insomnia in places of detention should not be reduced to a secondary problem related to substance abuse and mental illness, as it appears to be an independent situational problem. Correctional health care physicians' evaluation of insomnia is insufficient. Drug prescription works well in some patients, but has a limited effect on insomnia relief in others. A clear need exists for the education of prison health care professionals on insomnia evaluation and management. Additional non-pharmacological treatment in the prison health care setting should be used more frequently. Prison health care services should develop clear guidelines based on research evidence about insomnia and which contain treatment recommendations based on the principle of equivalence of health care outside and inside places of detention. [References: 46] IS - 0025-8024 IL - 0025-8024 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2007 Jul DC - 20070829 YR - 2007 ED - 20070928 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17725232 <392. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17135178 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baldwin JN AU - Scott DM AU - Agrawal S AU - Bartek JK AU - Davis-Hall RE AU - Reardon TP AU - DeSimone EM 2nd FA - Baldwin, Jeffrey N FA - Scott, David M FA - Agrawal, Sangeeta FA - Bartek, Jean K FA - Davis-Hall, R Ellen FA - Reardon, Thomas P FA - DeSimone, Edward M 2nd IN - Baldwin,Jeffrey N. College of Pharmacy, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2135, USA. jbaldwin@unmc.edu TI - Assessment of alcohol and other drug use behaviors in health professions students. SO - Substance Abuse. 27(3):27-37, 2006 Sep. AS - Subst Abus. 27(3):27-37, 2006 Sep. NJ - Substance abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8808537, 101514834 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcohol-Related Disorders/ge [Genetics] MH - Alcohol-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Allied Health Occupations/ed [Education] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Genetic Predisposition to Disease MH - Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nebraska MH - Students, Dental/px [Psychology] MH - Students, Dental/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Health Occupations/px [Psychology] MH - *Students, Health Occupations/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Medical/px [Psychology] MH - Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Nursing/px [Psychology] MH - Students, Nursing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ge [Genetics] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use behaviors of health professions students (HPS) were assessed by surveying both university-based HPS and other nursing programs in a Midwestern state in 1999. Response was 2,646 (56.4%) of surveyed students. Family history of alcohol-related and drug-related problems were reported by 39.8% and 13.9%, respectively, with 42.6% of respondents reporting one or both. Among nursing respondents, 48.1%, 19.2% and 51.1%, respectively, reported family problems with alcohol, drugs, or one or both. Past-year alcohol use was comparable to undergraduate college students (UCS) nationally (83%); heavy drinking, tobacco and recreational drug use by HPS were lower. Past year drug use was highest among medical students. Marijuana was the predominant illicit drug; medical students and males most often reported use. Health professions educational systems should proactively address student AOD prevention, education and assistance needs. IS - 0889-7077 IL - 0889-7077 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2006 Sep DC - 20061130 YR - 2006 ED - 20070917 RD - 20150330 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17135178 <393. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16601814 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kavalirova A AU - Visnovsky P FA - Kavalirova, Alena FA - Visnovsky, Peter IN - Kavalirova,Alena. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. kavalirovaa@faf.cuni.cz TI - Use of marijuana in pharmacy students (2000-2005). SO - Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic. 149(2):477-80, 2005 Dec. AS - Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 149(2):477-80, 2005 Dec. NJ - Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101140142 SB - Index Medicus CP - Czech Republic MH - Adult MH - Czech Republic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Marijuana Abuse/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Marijuana Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Prevalence MH - *Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - In 2000-2005, a survey on the consumption of legal and illegal drugs of abuse was conducted in 1571 students of Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague. The availability of cannabis and the prevalence rates of its use in university students were investigated. A standardized anonymous questionnaire was employed for the survey. The average age of respondents was 20 years. The number of females was higher (82.8 %) than that of males. Marijuana was the most available and the most commonly used illegal drug of abuse in the group of pharmacy students. Its offer and the life-time prevalence increased over the 5 year period of the survey from 55.8 % to 72.9 % and from 30.3 % to 48.4 %, respectively. There was a predominance of the male users over the female ones, mainly in a category of high frequency of marijuana consumption ("used more than five times"). Almost three quarters of marijuana consumers admitted more than one experience with marijuana. Our data provide worrying statistics and support the need of continuous education also in university students to advise them on the risks of drug misuse. IS - 1213-8118 IL - 1213-8118 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2005 Dec DC - 20060407 YR - 2005 ED - 20070828 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16601814 <394. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17453607 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kalivas PW FA - Kalivas, Peter W IN - Kalivas,Peter W. Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina. Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. kalivasp@musc.edu TI - Neurobiology of cocaine addiction: implications for new pharmacotherapy. [Review] [55 refs] SO - American Journal on Addictions. 16(2):71-8, 2007 Mar-Apr. AS - Am J Addict. 16(2):71-8, 2007 Mar-Apr. NJ - The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9208821 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Brain/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Brain/me [Metabolism] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/me [Metabolism] MH - Dopamine/me [Metabolism] MH - *Drug Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Learning MH - Neuronal Plasticity/ph [Physiology] MH - *Receptors, GABA/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Receptors, GABA/me [Metabolism] MH - *Receptors, Glutamate/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Receptors, Glutamate/me [Metabolism] MH - Reward MH - Synaptic Transmission/de [Drug Effects] AB - The development of pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction has been disappointingly slow. However, new neurobiological knowledge of how the brain is changed by chronic pharmacological insult with cocaine is revealing novel targets for drug development. Certain drugs currently being tested in clinical trials tap into the underlying cocaine-induced neuroplasticity, including drugs promoting GABA or inhibiting glutamate transmission. Armed with rationales derived from a neurobiological perspective that cocaine addiction is a pharmacologically induced disease of neuroplasticity in brain circuits mediating normal reward learning, one can expect novel pharmacotherapies to emerge that directly target the biological pathology of addiction. [References: 55] RN - 0 (Receptors, GABA) RN - 0 (Receptors, Glutamate) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) IS - 1055-0496 IL - 1055-0496 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - DA03906 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA05369 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA12513 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2007 Mar-Apr DC - 20070424 YR - 2007 ED - 20070810 RD - 20140325 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17453607 <395. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17525776 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Manchikanti L FA - Manchikanti, Laxmaiah IN - Manchikanti,Laxmaiah. Pain Management Center of Paducah, Paducah, KY 42003, USA. drm@apex.net TI - National drug control policy and prescription drug abuse: facts and fallacies. [Review] [91 refs] SO - Pain Physician. 10(3):399-424, 2007 May. AS - Pain physician. 10(3):399-424, 2007 May. NJ - Pain physician PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100954394 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Criminal Law/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Criminal Law/td [Trends] MH - Drug Monitoring/st [Standards] MH - Drug Monitoring/td [Trends] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Health Policy/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Health Policy/td [Trends] MH - Humans MH - Legislation, Drug/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Legislation, Drug/td [Trends] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Street Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - United States AB - In a recent press release Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Chairman and President of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University called for a major shift in American attitudes about substance abuse and addiction and a top to bottom overhaul in the nation's healthcare, criminal justice, social service, and eduction systems to curtail the rise in illegal drug use and other substance abuse. Califano, in 2005, also noted that while America has been congratulating itself on curbing increases in alcohol and illicit drug use and in the decline in teen smoking, abuse and addition of controlled prescription drugs-opioids, central nervous system depressants and stimulants-have been stealthily, but sharply rising. All the statistics continue to show that prescription drug abuse is escalating with increasing emergency department visits and unintentional deaths due to prescription controlled substances. While the problem of drug prescriptions for controlled substances continues to soar, so are the arguments of undertreatment of pain. The present state of affairs show that there were 6.4 million or 2.6% Americans using prescription-type psychotherapeutic drugs nonmedically in the past month. Of these, 4.7 million used pain relievers. Current nonmedical use of prescription-type drugs among young adults aged 18-25 increased from 5.4% in 2002 to 6.3% in 2005. The past year, nonmedical use of psychotherapeutic drugs has increased to 6.2% in the population of 12 years or older with 15.172 million persons, second only to marijuana use and three times the use of cocaine. Parallel to opioid supply and nonmedical prescription drug use, the epidemic of medical drug use is also escalating with Americans using 80% of world's supply of all opioids and 99% of hydrocodone. Opioids are used extensively despite a lack of evidence of their effectiveness in improving pain or functional status with potential side effects of hyperalgesia, negative hormonal and immune effects, addiction and abuse. The multiple reasons for continued escalation of prescription drug abuse and overuse are lack of education among all segments including physicians, pharmacists, and the public; ineffective and incoherent prescription monitoring programs with lack of funding for a national prescription monitoring program NASPER; and a reactive approach on behalf of numerous agencies. This review focuses on the problem of prescription drug abuse with a discussion of facts and fallacies, along with proposed solutions. [References: 91] RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) IS - 1533-3159 IL - 1533-3159 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2007 May DC - 20070525 YR - 2007 ED - 20070724 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17525776 <396. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17616493 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Christensen DB AU - Roth M AU - Trygstad T AU - Byrd J FA - Christensen, Dale B FA - Roth, Mary FA - Trygstad, Troy FA - Byrd, John IN - Christensen,Dale B. Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA. dalechristensen@whidbey.com TI - Evaluation of a pilot medication therapy management project within the North Carolina State Health Plan. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 47(4):471-83, 2007 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 47(4):471-83, 2007 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Community Pharmacy Services/ec [Economics] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Disease Management MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Humans MH - Medicare/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Middle Aged MH - North Carolina MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - Pharmacies MH - Pharmacists MH - Pilot Projects MH - Professional Role MH - Research Design MH - *State Health Plans MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of a pharmacist-based medication therapy management (MTM) service for North Carolina State Health Plan enrollees. AB - DESIGN: Before/after design with two control groups. AB - SETTING: Community pharmacies and an ambulatory care clinic in North Carolina serving patients from October 2004 to March 2005. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 67 patients who used a large number of prescription drugs, 10 community/ambulatory care pharmacists, and more than 600 participants from two control groups. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Pharmacist-conducted MTM reviews for volunteering patients. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Process measures (type and frequency of drug therapy problems detected and services performed), economic measures (number and cost of medications dispensed), and humanistic measures (patient satisfaction with services). AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists identified an average of 3.6 potential drug therapy problems (PDTPs) per patient at the first visit. The most common PDTP categories were "potential underuse" and "more cost-effective drug available." Pharmacist actions were divided nearly equally between activities that would result in increased and decreased drug use. Pharmacists recommended a drug therapy change in about 50% of patients and contacted the prescriber more than 85% of the time. About 50% of patients with PDTPs had a change in drug therapy. Prescription use during the postintervention period decreased in both the study and control groups but was statistically significant only among the control groups. No significant differences were observed in patient co-payment or insurer prescription costs. Pharmacists provided the following educational services: medication use (90%), disease management (88%), adherence, and self-care (60%). Survey results indicated that patients highly valued the service. AB - CONCLUSION: A voluntary MTM program targeted at ambulatory patients using a large number of medications reduced the number of PDTPs but did not necessarily result in reductions in prescription drug use or cost. Nearly all patients received some form of medication adherence or disease education associated with problem detection and resolution. Patient satisfaction levels with the service were very high. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2007 Jul-Aug DC - 20070709 YR - 2007 ED - 20070719 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17616493 <397. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17489581 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kim DI AU - Deutsch HM AU - Ye X AU - Schweri MM FA - Kim, Deog-Il FA - Deutsch, Howard M FA - Ye, Xiaocong FA - Schweri, Margaret M IN - Kim,Deog-Il. School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA. TI - Synthesis and pharmacology of site-specific cocaine abuse treatment agents: restricted rotation analogues of methylphenidate. SO - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 50(11):2718-31, 2007 May 31. AS - J Med Chem. 50(11):2718-31, 2007 May 31. NJ - Journal of medicinal chemistry PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - j0f, 9716531 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - *Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/cs [Chemical Synthesis] MH - Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Brain/me [Metabolism] MH - Citalopram/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Cocaine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Cocaine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Dopamine/me [Metabolism] MH - Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/me [Metabolism] MH - Fluoxetine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Fluoxetine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Male MH - *Methylphenidate/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - *Methylphenidate/cs [Chemical Synthesis] MH - Methylphenidate/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Quinolizines/cs [Chemical Synthesis] MH - Quinolizines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Radioligand Assay MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/me [Metabolism] MH - Stereoisomerism MH - Structure-Activity Relationship AB - A series of threo-1-aza-3 or 4-substituted-5-phenyl[4.4.0]decanes (quinolizidines), which were envisioned as restricted rotational analogues (RRAs) of methylphenidate (MP), was synthesized and tested for inhibitory potency against [(3)H]WIN35,428, [3H]citalopram, and [3H]nisoxetine binding to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters, respectively. Two different synthetic schemes were used; a Wittig reaction or acylation (followed by an intramolecular condensation) was a key feature of each scheme. The unsubstituted RRA, threo(trans)-1-aza-5-phenyl[4.4.0]decane (12a), was equipotent to unconstrained threo-MP against [(3)H]WIN35,428 binding. The extra ring in these RRAs (which reduces the conformational freedom) and the orientation and polarity of substituents at the 4-position on this extra ring are of critical importance to the biological activity. Generally, the RRAs paralleled the corresponding unconstrained MP derivatives in binding affinity to the three transporters. The results suggest that the conformation of MP in which the carbonyl group of the methyl ester is H-bonded to the piperidinyl N-H may be the bioactive form of the molecule. RN - 0 (1-aza-4-ethyl-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)bicyclo(4.4.0)decane) RN - 0 (Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic) RN - 0 (Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins) RN - 0 (Quinolizines) RN - 0 (Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins) RN - 01K63SUP8D (Fluoxetine) RN - 0DHU5B8D6V (Citalopram) RN - 17NV064B2D (nisoxetine) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) RN - 50370-56-4 ((1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) IS - 0022-2623 IL - 0022-2623 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - DA 06305 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA 11541 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20070510 DP - 2007 May 31 DC - 20070524 YR - 2007 ED - 20070706 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17489581 <398. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17172258 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Thomas SE AU - Miller PM FA - Thomas, Suzanne E FA - Miller, Peter M IN - Thomas,Suzanne E. Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC 29425, USA. thomass@musc.edu TI - Knowledge and attitudes about pharmacotherapy for alcoholism: a survey of counselors and administrators in community-based addiction treatment centres. SO - Alcohol & Alcoholism. 42(2):113-8, 2007 Mar-Apr. AS - Alcohol Alcohol. 42(2):113-8, 2007 Mar-Apr. NJ - Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - aal, 8310684 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Alcohol Deterrents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Alcoholism/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - *Community Health Services MH - *Counseling MH - Data Collection MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Inservice Training MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - South Carolina MH - *Substance Abuse Treatment Centers AB - AIMS: Medications, when combined with psychosocial therapy, can improve treatment outcomes in alcoholics; however, medications are not widely utilized in community-based addiction treatment centres. Of interest is how non-medical addiction treatment professionals in these facilities view adjunctive pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. The present report focuses on baseline data collected during the course of an educational intervention project and explores predictors of positive attitudes about adjunctive pharmacotherapies among community addiction counselors and administrators. AB - METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to 84 counselors and administrators at six community-based addiction treatment centres in South Carolina. Demographic data were collected, and knowledge and attitudes regarding the value of pharmacotherapies in the treatment of alcoholism were assessed. Correlation coefficients were explored, and follow-up multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine variables that predict scores reflecting the degree to which one values adjunctive pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. AB - RESULTS: Respondents had little knowledge of naltrexone, with average test scores reflecting no better than chance performance. In addition, most participants believed that adjunctive pharmacotherapy is ineffectual. Higher valuation of adjunctive pharmacotherapy was related to knowledge about naltrexone, having a post-baccalaureate degree, and years of experience in the addictions treatment field. AB - CONCLUSIONS: These data support that more widespread use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy for alcoholism may be impeded by the fact that addictions counselors, who are often the first contact for treatment-seeking individuals, have a lack of knowledge and a lack of confidence in the effectiveness of such treatments. Directed educational interventions are warranted for this population. RN - 0 (Alcohol Deterrents) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) IS - 0735-0414 IL - 0735-0414 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - AA015065 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20061215 DP - 2007 Mar-Apr DC - 20070416 YR - 2007 ED - 20070629 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17172258 <399. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17517561 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - American Pharmacists Association FA - American Pharmacists Association TI - Report of the 2006 APhA House of Delegates. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 46(5):561-2, 2006 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 46(5):561-2, 2006 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Antineoplastic Agents MH - Attitude to Health MH - Benzenesulfonates MH - Continuity of Patient Care MH - Culture MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - Influenza A virus MH - Influenza, Human MH - Internship, Nonmedical MH - Medical Records Systems, Computerized MH - Niacinamide/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Nonprescription Drugs MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/cl [Classification] MH - *Pharmacies MH - Phenylurea Compounds MH - Public Policy MH - Pyridines MH - *Societies, Pharmaceutical MH - Street Drugs MH - Tobacco Use Disorder RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) RN - 0 (Benzenesulfonates) RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) RN - 0 (Phenylurea Compounds) RN - 0 (Pyridines) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - 25X51I8RD4 (Niacinamide) RN - 9ZOQ3TZI87 (sorafenib) IS - 1544-3191 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 Sep-Oct DC - 20070522 YR - 2006 ED - 20070629 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17517561 <400. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17109962 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Allott K AU - Redman J FA - Allott, Kelly FA - Redman, Jennifer IN - Allott,Kelly. Department of Psychology, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia. kelly.allott@med.monash.edu.au TI - Are there sex differences associated with the effects of ecstasy/3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)?. [Review] [209 refs] SO - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 31(3):327-47, 2007. AS - Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 31(3):327-47, 2007. NJ - Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - oa7, 7806090 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - *Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Behavior, Animal/de [Drug Effects] MH - Female MH - *Hallucinogens/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Rats MH - Sex Factors AB - Sex has been identified as an important factor in moderating the effects of several drugs of abuse. Given the increasing popularity of ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) use, it is important for researchers and clinicians to understand the factors that may influence its pharmacological actions to improve education, harm reduction and treatment efforts. This review focuses on preclinical and clinical research that examines the role of sex as an independent variable in the effects of ecstasy/MDMA. A systematic search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE electronic databases from 1966 to April 2006 was conducted. Both preclinical and clinical studies show a sexually dimorphic pattern in the acute, subacute and possibly long-term effects of ecstasy/MDMA. Specifically, adult females are more sensitive than males to the acute and subacute physical and psychological effects of ecstasy/MDMA and long-term alterations in aspects of 5-HT functioning. Conversely, males are more sensitive to the acute physiological effects of ecstasy/MDMA. These findings are consistent with research outcomes reported for other substances such as amphetamines and cocaine. Potential reasons for these sex differences and directions for future research are discussed. [References: 209] RN - 0 (Hallucinogens) RN - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) IS - 0149-7634 IL - 0149-7634 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English EP - 20061115 DP - 2007 DC - 20070219 YR - 2007 ED - 20070628 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17109962 <401. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17120179 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Colon-Emeric C AU - Lyles KW AU - Levine DA AU - House P AU - Schenck A AU - Gorospe J AU - Fermazin M AU - Oliver K AU - Alison J AU - Weisman N AU - Xie A AU - Curtis JR AU - Saag K FA - Colon-Emeric, C FA - Lyles, K W FA - Levine, D A FA - House, P FA - Schenck, A FA - Gorospe, J FA - Fermazin, M FA - Oliver, K FA - Alison, J FA - Weisman, N FA - Xie, A FA - Curtis, J R FA - Saag, K IN - Colon-Emeric,C. Duke University Center for Aging and Human Development, and the Durham VA GRECC, Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA. colon001@mc.duke.edu TI - Prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis treatment in nursing home residents with known osteoporosis or recent fracture. SO - Osteoporosis International. 18(4):553-9, 2007 Apr. AS - Osteoporos Int. 18(4):553-9, 2007 Apr. NJ - Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9100105, be0 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS19340 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1839837 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Arizona/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Bone Density Conservation Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Calcitonin/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Calcium, Dietary/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - California/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Diphosphonates/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Female MH - *Fractures, Bone/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Fractures, Bone/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Hip MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Nursing Homes MH - Osteoporosis/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Osteoporosis/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Osteoporosis/th [Therapy] MH - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/th [Therapy] MH - Prevalence MH - Protective Devices MH - Quality of Health Care MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vitamin D/ad [Administration & Dosage] AB - SUMMARY: We studied nursing home residents with osteoporosis or recent fracture to determine the frequency and predictors of osteoporosis treatment. There was wide variation in performance, and both clinical and systems variables predicted use. This study shows that improvement in osteoporosis care is possible and important for many nursing homes. AB - INTRODUCTION: We determined the prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis evaluation and treatment in high-risk nursing home residents. AB - METHODS: We identified 67 nursing facilities in North Carolina and Arizona with > 10 residents with osteoporosis or recent hip fracture. Medical records (n=895) were abstracted for osteoporosis evaluation [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), vitamin D level, serum calcium), treatment (calcium, vitamin D, osteoporosis medication, hip protectors), clinical, and systems covariates. Data were analyzed at the facility level using mixed models to account for the complex nesting of residents within providers and nursing facilities. AB - RESULTS: Calcium and vitamin D was prescribed for 69% of residents, bisphosphonates for 19%, calcitonin for 14%, other pharmacologic therapies for 6%, and hip protectors for 2%. Overall, 36% received any bone protection (medication or hip protectors), with wide variation among facilities (0-85%). Factors significantly associated with any bone protection included female gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.4, (1.5-3.7)] and nonurban/suburban location [1.5, (1.1-2.2)]. Residents with esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), or dysphagia [0.6, (0.4-0.9)] and alcohol abuse [0.2, (0.0-0.9)] were less likely to receive treatment. AB - CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial variation in the quality of osteoporosis treatment across nursing homes. Interventions that improve osteoporosis quality of care are needed. RN - 0 (Bone Density Conservation Agents) RN - 0 (Calcium, Dietary) RN - 0 (Diphosphonates) RN - 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D) RN - 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) IS - 0937-941X IL - 0937-941X PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 500-02-AZ0020 (United States PHS HHS) NO - K23 AG024787 (United States NIA NIH HHS) NO - K23 AG024787 (United States NIA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20061121 DP - 2007 Apr DC - 20070302 YR - 2007 ED - 20070618 RD - 20140908 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17120179 <402. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16553469 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Smith SA AU - McKee JR FA - Smith, Stacey Allison FA - McKee, Jerry R IN - Smith,Stacey Allison. Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM, USA. TI - Impact of new-generation agents on antiepileptic drug prescribing patterns in a residential ICF-MR facility. SO - Consultant Pharmacist. 19(6):524-32, 2004 Jun. AS - Consult Pharm. 19(6):524-32, 2004 Jun. NJ - The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9013983 CP - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: Describe the impact of newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on prescribing practices in a large, residential intermediate-care facility for the mentally retarded (ICF-MR), with onsite clinical pharmacist support services, over a 15-year period. AB - DESIGN: All residents at the facility receiving AEDs for management of seizure disorder were included in this retrospective assessment. Number and type of AEDs used per individual were recorded and analyzed over the 15-year interval. Current prescribing practices were evaluated regarding rational polytherapy prescribing trends. AB - SETTING: 400-bed residential ICF-MR for the severe to profoundly mentally retarded. AB - PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: All individuals residing at the ICF-MR facility receiving AED therapy for a seizure disorder. Residents were primarily in the severe to profound range of developmental disability, with multiple medical comorbidities. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Clinical pharmacists actively participate in all treatment teams and monthly neurology clinic to promote and encourage rational pharmacotherapy. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prescribing trends related to AED therapy were followed over a 15-year period. Comparisons were made regarding monotherapy and polytherapy at multiple-year intervals, with specific emphasis on how the newer generation AEDs have affected use of older medications. AB - RESULTS: Overall trend from 1988 suggests more monotherapy and less use of barbiturates. Introduction of a new generation of AEDs has not affected the overall trend toward one- or two-drug regimens over the period in review. AB - CONCLUSION: The relative stability of the number of AEDs per resident during the introduction of a new generation of AEDs suggests that as new drugs are added, ineffective or problem-prone drugs are discontinued. IS - 0888-5109 IL - 0888-5109 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Jun DC - 20060323 YR - 2004 ED - 20070612 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=16553469 <403. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17429517 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ross LA AU - Crabtree BL AU - Theilman GD AU - Ross BS AU - Cleary JD AU - Byrd HJ FA - Ross, Leigh Ann FA - Crabtree, Brian L FA - Theilman, Gary D FA - Ross, Brendan S FA - Cleary, John D FA - Byrd, H Joseph IN - Ross,Leigh Ann. School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Washington, DC 20002, USA. laross@pharmacy.umsmed.edu TI - Implementation and refinement of a problem-based learning model: a ten-year experience. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 71(1):17, 2007 Feb 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 71(1):17, 2007 Feb 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1847543 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Curriculum/td [Trends] MH - Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Education, Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Models, Educational MH - *Problem-Based Learning/mt [Methods] MH - Problem-Based Learning/td [Trends] MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - Teaching/mt [Methods] MH - Teaching/td [Trends] AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a problem-based learning (PBL) model implemented in 1995 at the University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy. AB - DESIGN: The third-professional (P3) year curriculum was reoriented from a faculty-centered model of teaching to a student-centered model of learning. Didactic lectures and structured classroom time were diminished. Small student groups were organized and a faculty facilitator monitored each group's discussions and provided individual student assessments. At the end of each 8-week block, students were assessed on group participation, disease and drug content knowledge, and problem-solving abilities. Faculty and student input was solicited at the end of each year to aid programmatic improvement. In 2000, a formal 5-year review of the PBL program was conducted. AB - ASSESSMENT: Recommendations for improvement included clarifying course objectives, adopting a peer-review process for examination materials, refining the group assessment instruments, and providing an opportunity for student remediation after a course was failed. A weekly case conference presided over by a faculty content expert was also recommended. Ongoing critical evaluation during the following 5-year period was provided by graduates of the program, faculty participants, and accreditation reviews. AB - CONCLUSION: Over our 10-year experience with a PBL model of P3 education, we found that although the initial challenges of increased demands on personnel and teaching space were easily overcome, student acceptance of the program depended on their acknowledgment of the practical benefits of active learning and on the value afforded their input on curricular development. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Feb 15 DC - 20070412 YR - 2007 ED - 20070531 RD - 20140907 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17429517 <404. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17465086 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lipman AG FA - Lipman, Arthur G IN - Lipman,Arthur G. Professor of Pharmacotherapy and Anesthesiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, USA. TI - Treatment options for chronic pain management: opioids revisited. SO - Managed Care. 16(2 Suppl 3):5-9, 2007 Feb. AS - Manag Care. 16(2 Suppl 3):5-9, 2007 Feb. NJ - Managed care (Langhorne, Pa.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - b7n, 9303583 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - United States MH - Analgesics, Opioid/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Chronic Disease MH - Humans MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - United States AB - Pain is a public health disaster. Although it remains largely undertreated, pharmacists and pharmacy managers can do much to correct the problem. Change will require the education of patients and health care professionals on the facts pertaining to addiction, drug dependence, and drug tolerance. Evidence-based resources, including guidelines published by the APS, should be consulted. A variety of short- and long-acting drugs are available, not the least of which are the opioids. Fears regarding addiction and uncertainty about tolerance have precluded the comprehensive use of these drugs, and varying dose requirements complicate the picture. What is known, however, is that dose titration must be performed with the goal of preventing breakthrough pain. Fortunately, sufficient drug formulae have been developed to accommodate this need. Pain is the primary reason why people come into the health care system, and it is incumbent upon health care professionals to eliminate insufficient pain control, using the drugs available to the patient's best advantage. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) IS - 1062-3388 IL - 1062-3388 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2007 Feb DC - 20070430 YR - 2007 ED - 20070529 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17465086 <405. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17041786 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bulatova NR AU - Aburuz S AU - Yousef AM FA - Bulatova, N R FA - Aburuz, S FA - Yousef, A M IN - Bulatova,N R. Department of Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942, Amman, Jordan. TI - An innovative pharmaceutical care practical course. SO - Advances in Health Sciences Education. 12(2):211-22, 2007 May. AS - Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 12(2):211-22, 2007 May. NJ - Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9612021 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Clinical Competence MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Educational Measurement MH - Humans MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - *Students, Pharmacy AB - The innovative practical course was developed to improve the students' ability to acquire pharmaceutical care skills. The primary components of the course were in-school training using small group discussions and hospital experience including identification, analysis, prevention and resolution of drug-therapy problems, patient counseling on their medications and diseases, and interaction with medical team. Specific objectives of the research were to (1) compare students' performance before and after the course, (2) measure students' perceptions of their pharmaceutical care skills before and after the course, (3) determine students' perception of the value of the course. Statistical comparison of pre-test and post-test grades indicated both a retention and acquiring pharmaceutical care skills. A pre-course and post-course survey instrument was designed to measure students' perception of their pharmaceutical care skills. Perception of most of the items of the survey was significantly improved at the end of the course. Overall, the majority of students were highly satisfied with the course. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the innovative pharmaceutical care practical course was successfully introduced. IS - 1382-4996 IL - 1382-4996 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20061014 DP - 2007 May DC - 20070312 YR - 2007 ED - 20070508 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17041786 <406. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17373571 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence FA - WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence TI - WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. SO - World Health Organization Technical Report Series. (942):i, 1-21, 23-4 passim, 2006. AS - World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. (942):i, 1-21, 23-4 passim, 2006. NJ - World Health Organization technical report series PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - xo5, 7903212 SB - Index Medicus CP - Switzerland MH - 4-Butyrolactone/cl [Classification] MH - Advisory Committees MH - Azabicyclo Compounds MH - Buprenorphine/cl [Classification] MH - Butorphanol/cl [Classification] MH - Catha/cl [Classification] MH - Dronabinol/cl [Classification] MH - *Drug Evaluation MH - *Drug and Narcotic Control MH - *Health Services Accessibility/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - Hydroxybutyrates/cl [Classification] MH - Ketamine/cl [Classification] MH - Piperazines/cl [Classification] MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/cl [Classification] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Thebaine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Thebaine/cl [Classification] MH - Tramadol/cl [Classification] MH - World Health Organization AB - This report presents the recommendations of a WHO Expert Committee responsible for reviewing information on dependence-producing drugs to assess the need for their international control. The first part of the report contains a summary of the Committee's evaluations of seven substances (dronabinol, oripavine, buprenorphine, butorphanol, ketamine, khat and zopiclone). The report also discusses the substances that were pre-reviewed (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and tramadol) and recommended gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for critical review at a future meeting. Two substances (gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol) were identified for future pre-review). The second part of the report discusses the guidelines for the WHO review of dependence-producing psychoactive substances for international control. It includes sections on amending the current guidelines, interpretation of specific aspects of the guidelines and access to information necessary for the evaluation of substances. The final section considers other matters including activities of the EMCCDA, the use of pharmacovigilance data, promotion of education and information on the appropriate use of psychoactive drugs and the impact of international control on medical availability of substances. RN - 0 (Azabicyclo Compounds) RN - 0 (Hydroxybutyrates) RN - 0 (Piperazines) RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) RN - 03A5ORL08Q (zopiclone) RN - 2P9MKG8GX7 (Thebaine) RN - 30IW36W5B2 (4-hydroxybutyric acid) RN - 39J1LGJ30J (Tramadol) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - 575AOU51CR (oripavine) RN - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine) RN - 7J8897W37S (Dronabinol) RN - OL659KIY4X (4-Butyrolactone) RN - QV897JC36D (Butorphanol) IS - 0512-3054 IL - 0512-3054 PT - Guideline PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Technical Report LG - English DP - 2006 DC - 20070321 YR - 2006 ED - 20070504 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17373571 <407. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17305688 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Inciardi JA AU - Surratt HL AU - Kurtz SP AU - Cicero TJ FA - Inciardi, James A FA - Surratt, Hilary L FA - Kurtz, Steven P FA - Cicero, Theodore J IN - Inciardi,James A. Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, Coral Gables, Florida 33134, USA. jainyc@aol.com TI - Mechanisms of prescription drug diversion among drug-involved club- and street-based populations. SO - Pain Medicine. 8(2):171-83, 2007 Mar. AS - PAIN MED. 8(2):171-83, 2007 Mar. NJ - Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100894201 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS177080 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2879025 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Analgesics, Opioid MH - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Crack Cocaine MH - Culture MH - Drug Industry MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Female MH - Florida/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Focus Groups MH - HIV Seropositivity/px [Psychology] MH - Hallucinogens MH - Heroin Dependence/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methadone MH - Middle Aged MH - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine MH - Patients MH - Pharmacy MH - Physicians MH - *Street Drugs MH - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: Prescription drug diversion involves the unlawful channeling of regulated pharmaceuticals from legal sources to the illicit marketplace, and can occur along all points in the drug delivery process, from the original manufacturing site to the wholesale distributor, the physician's office, the retail pharmacy, or the patient. However, empirical data on diversion are limited. AB - METHOD: In an attempt to develop a better understanding of how specific drug-using populations are diverting prescription opioids and other medications, or obtaining controlled drugs that have already been diverted, qualitative interviews and focus group data were collected on four separate populations of prescription drug abusers in Miami, Florida--club drug users, street-based illicit drug users, methadone maintenance patients, and HIV positive individuals who abuse and/or divert drugs. AB - RESULTS: Sources of abused prescription drugs cited by focus group participants were extremely diverse, including their physicians and pharmacists; parents and relatives; "doctor shopping"; leftover supplies following an illness or injury; personal visits to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean; prescriptions intended for the treatment of mental illness; direct sales on the street and in nightclubs; pharmacy and hospital theft; through friends or acquaintances; under-the-door apartment flyers advertising telephone numbers to call; and "stealing from grandma's medicine cabinet." AB - CONCLUSION: While doctor shoppers, physicians and the Internet receive much of the attention regarding diversion, the data reported in this paper suggest that there are numerous active street markets involving patients, Medicaid recipients and pharmacies as well. In addition, there are other data which suggest that the contributions of residential burglaries, pharmacy robberies and thefts, and "sneak thefts" to the diversion problem may be understated. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Crack Cocaine) RN - 0 (Hallucinogens) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 1526-2375 IL - 1526-2375 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - R01 DA019048 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA019048-05 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA021330 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA021330-03 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA021330-04 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01-DA13131 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01-DA14854 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2007 Mar DC - 20070219 YR - 2007 ED - 20070502 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17305688 <408. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17386306 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Greydanus DE AU - Pratt HD AU - Patel DR FA - Greydanus, Donald E FA - Pratt, Helen D FA - Patel, Dilip R IN - Greydanus,Donald E. Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Sindecuse College Health Center, USA. TI - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: the child, adolescent, and adult. [Review] [210 refs] SO - Disease-A-Month. 53(2):70-131, 2007 Feb. AS - Dis Mon. 53(2):70-131, 2007 Feb. NJ - Disease-a-month : DM PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - eav, 0370657 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/th [Therapy] MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Child MH - Child Behavior MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methylphenidate/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Methylphenidate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Prevalence MH - *Psychotherapy/mt [Methods] MH - *Students/px [Psychology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - Management of a child, adolescent, college student, or adult with ADD/ADHD (ADHD) is reviewed with emphasis on pharmacologic approaches in the adult. Psychological treatment includes psychotherapy, cognitive-behavior therapy, support groups, parent training, biofeedback, meditation, and social skills training. Medications are reviewed that research has revealed can improve the core symptomatology of a child or adolescent with ADHD. These medications include stimulants (psychostimulants), antidepressants, alpha-2 agonists, and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Psychopharmacology approved and/or used in pediatric patients are also used in adults with ADHD, though most are not officially FDA-approved. It is emphasized that ADHD management should include a multi-modal approach, involving appropriate educational interventions, appropriate psychological management of the patient of any age, and judicious use of medications. Such an approach is recommended to benefit those with ADHD achieve their maximum potential across the human life span. [References: 210] RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) IS - 0011-5029 IL - 0011-5029 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2007 Feb DC - 20070327 YR - 2007 ED - 20070426 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17386306 <409. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17066246 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Haugbolle LS AU - Sorensen EW FA - Haugbolle, Lotte Stig FA - Sorensen, Ellen Westh IN - Haugbolle,Lotte Stig. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Section for Social Pharmacy and Research Centre for Quality in Medicine Use, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. lsh@dfuni.dk TI - Drug-related problems in patients with angina pectoris, type 2 diabetes and asthma--interviewing patients at home. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 28(4):239-47, 2006 Aug. AS - Pharm World Sci. 28(4):239-47, 2006 Aug. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Angina Pectoris/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Asthma/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Denmark MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Drug Utilization Review/mt [Methods] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - House Calls MH - Humans MH - Internship, Nonmedical/mt [Methods] MH - Interviews as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Patients/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Professional Role MH - Students, Pharmacy AB - OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objective of the overall study was to create a foundation for improving the quality of counselling practice in pharmacies. The research question addressed in this sub-study was to describe drug-related problems (DRPs) in terms of frequency as well as type in people with angina pectoris, type 2 diabetes and asthma, as the problems were identified through medication reviews and home interviews. AB - SETTING AND METHOD: During their pharmacy internships, fourth-year pharmacy students collected data for the study in 1999, 2000 and 2001 by carrying out medication reviews, conducting home interviews and registering DRPs for 414 patients. Data were collected from the following patient groups in the years indicated: in 1999, 123 angina pectoris patients; in 2000, 192 type 2 diabetes patients, and in 2001, 99 asthma patients. The interviews dealt with the patient's drug-related experiences, knowledge, perceptions, problems and actions. The DRPs were registered according to the so-called PI-Doc system. AB - RESULTS: A medication review was supplemented by qualitative interviews with the three patient groups, which revealed a relatively high number of DRPs compared to other studies. An average of 2.8 DRPs were identified per angina pectoris patient; 4.1 DRPs per type 2 diabetes patient and 4.0 DRPs per asthma patient. "Inappropriate use of medicines by the patient" and "Other problems" (such as limited knowledge of the illness, inappropriate lifestyle, fear of medication, lack of information, etc.) were the two most common DRP sub-categories identified in all three patient groups. AB - CONCLUSION: The study provided a profile of a pharmacy-based population of 414 patients visiting the pharmacy, all of whom are at high risk of experiencing drug-related problems. Pharmacy staff needs to take this high rate of DRPs in people with angina pectoris, asthma and type 2 diabetes into account when dispensing medicines to and advising patients from the three groups, especially when explaining how to use medicines appropriately. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20061026 DP - 2006 Aug DC - 20061101 YR - 2006 ED - 20070416 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17066246 <410. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17066238 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - AbuRuz SM AU - Bulatova NR AU - Yousef AM FA - AbuRuz, Salah M FA - Bulatova, Nailya R FA - Yousef, Almoatasem M IN - AbuRuz,Salah M. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. aburuz@ju.edu.jo TI - Validation of a comprehensive classification tool for treatment-related problems. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 28(4):222-32, 2006 Aug. AS - Pharm World Sci. 28(4):222-32, 2006 Aug. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/cl [Classification] MH - Developing Countries MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Education, Pharmacy/mt [Methods] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Jordan MH - Patient Care Planning/td [Trends] MH - Patients/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacists MH - Professional Role MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Teaching/mt [Methods] MH - Time Factors AB - OBJECTIVE: Several drug-related problem classification systems can be found in the literature. However, it is generally agreed that a comprehensive, well constructed and validated instrument is currently lacking. The aim of this study is the development and validation of a comprehensive treatment-related problems assessment and classification tool for use in teaching, practicing and researching pharmaceutical care and to improve identification, resolving and preventing of treatment-related problems. AB - METHOD: The development and validation involved five steps starting with literature search to define a treatment related problem and also to form a database of treatment-related problems identified in the literature. In the next step, all problems that were identified in the first step and passed the evaluation of the three authors were pooled together and then divided into groups according to their common or shared construct, in the third step a suitable assessment method was developed according to the construct of the different problems, in the next step the developed instrument was validated for content, internal and external validity. Finally the tool was finalized and tested for reproducibility and inter-rater agreement. AB - RESULTS: The final validated version included six main categories for treatment-related problems (Indication, Effectiveness, Safety, Knowledge, Adherence and Miscellaneous). These categories include a total of nine subcategories and a total of 29 treatment related problems. AB - CONCLUSION: The treatment-related problems assessment and classification tool introduced in this paper was applied to actual patient cases and proved to be valid. This tool also has several features that are new. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Studies LG - English EP - 20061026 DP - 2006 Aug DC - 20061101 YR - 2006 ED - 20070416 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17066238 <411. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17365758 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Park ER AU - Kleimann S AU - Pelan JA AU - Shields AE FA - Park, Elyse R FA - Kleimann, Susan FA - Pelan, Julie A FA - Shields, Alexandra E IN - Park,Elyse R. Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. epark@partners.org TI - Anticipating clinical integration of genetically tailored tobacco dependence treatment: perspectives of primary care physicians. SO - Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 9(2):271-9, 2007 Feb. AS - Nicotine Tob Res. 9(2):271-9, 2007 Feb. NJ - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - drz, 9815751 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Alleles MH - Counseling MH - Designer Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Education, Continuing MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Nicotine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Physicians, Family MH - Primary Health Care MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/ge [Genetics] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] AB - Emerging research will likely make it possible to tailor pharmacological treatment for individuals with tobacco dependence by genotype. This study explored primary care physicians' attitudes about the strengths of and barriers to using genetic testing to match patients to optimal nicotine replacement therapy. Four focus groups (n=27) were conducted, and data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Physicians reported how likely they would be to offer patients a genetic test to tailor smoking treatment in response to three different scenarios that described characteristics of the genetic test based on published research. Respondents were on average 36 years of age; 59% were male and 67% were white. Physicians believed genetically tailored treatment may offer new hope to smokers trying to quit, yet they also noted several potential barriers to clinical integration. Barriers included erroneous assumptions by patients regarding the meaning of genetic test results, possible misinterpretation of information regarding racial differences in the prevalence of certain risk alleles, and potential discrimination against patients undergoing testing. Concerns increased dramatically when physicians were told that the same genotypes that would be identified to tailor smoking treatment also have been associated with increased risk of becoming addicted to nicotine, as well as other addictions and psychiatric disorders. Physicians were interested in the possibility of realizing improved smoking cessation outcomes through pharmacogenetic developments, but they also raised many concerns. Primary care physicians will need additional educational inputs and system support prior to integrating genetic testing for a common trait into their routine clinical practice. RN - 0 (Designer Drugs) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 1462-2203 IL - 1462-2203 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2007 Feb DC - 20070316 YR - 2007 ED - 20070405 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17365758 <412. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16431072 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wazaify M AU - Hughes CM AU - McElnay JC FA - Wazaify, Mayyada FA - Hughes, Carmel M FA - McElnay, James C IN - Wazaify,Mayyada. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. m.wazaify@ju.edu.jo TI - The implementation of a harm minimisation model for the identification and treatment of over-the-counter drug misuse and abuse in community pharmacies in Northern Ireland. SO - Patient Education & Counseling. 64(1-3):136-41, 2006 Dec. AS - Patient Educ Couns. 64(1-3):136-41, 2006 Dec. NJ - Patient education and counseling PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - pec, 8406280 SB - Nursing Journal CP - Ireland MH - Adult MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Clinical Competence MH - Communication MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - *Harm Reduction MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Models, Organizational MH - *Nonprescription Drugs MH - Northern Ireland MH - *Pharmacies/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - Program Development MH - Program Evaluation MH - Qualitative Research MH - Referral and Consultation MH - Self Efficacy MH - Substance Abuse Detection MH - Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: This study tested an intervention model which sought to minimise over-the-counter (OTC) drug misuse and abuse in community pharmacies. AB - METHOD: Pharmacists in six community pharmacies in the Greater Belfast area volunteered to participate in the study. The intervention model consisted of client identification and recruitment, treatment and referrals, and finally follow-up data collection and outcome measurements. All pharmacists participated in semi-structured interviews to explore their views and experiences of the study. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists identified 196 cases of suspected abuse/misuse. Pharmacists approached 70 of the identified clients during the six-month study; some clients agreed to stop using the product of abuse/misuse, used an alternative, or had been switched to a maintenance prescription under general practitioner (GP) supervision. No client proceeded to completion of the follow-up phase (e.g. health-related quality of life). Analysis of the interviews revealed that pharmacists had encountered some difficulties in approaching potential clients, but had used skills gained in the study in other aspects of their practice. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Some difficulties were encountered in implementing the harm minimisation model, but these may be alleviated by further training and greater collaborative working. AB - PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Notwithstanding the challenges faced in the study, this approach to harm minimisation should be considered for wider implementation in community pharmacy. RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) IS - 0738-3991 IL - 0738-3991 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20060123 DP - 2006 Dec DC - 20061122 YR - 2006 ED - 20070323 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16431072 <413. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16341744 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Stuurman-Bieze AG AU - de Boer WO AU - Kokenberg ME AU - Hugtenburg JG AU - de Jong-van den Berg LT AU - Tromp TF FA - Stuurman-Bieze, Ada G G FA - de Boer, Willem O FA - Kokenberg, Mirjam E A P FA - Hugtenburg, Jacqueline G FA - de Jong-van den Berg, Lolkje T W FA - Tromp, Th F J IN - Stuurman-Bieze,Ada G G. Quality Institute for Pharmaceutical Care, Lelystraat 80, 8265 BE Kampen, The Netherlands. adastuurman@planet.nl TI - Complex pharmaceutical care intervention in pulmonary care: part A. The process and pharmacists' professional satisfaction. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 27(5):376-84, 2005 Oct. AS - Pharm World Sci. 27(5):376-84, 2005 Oct. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Clinical Trials as Topic MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Nebulizers and Vaporizers MH - Netherlands MH - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - Patient Compliance MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Physicians MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Professional Role MH - *Respiratory Tract Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - OBJECTIVE: In the IPMP study (Interventions on the principle of Pulmonary Medication Profiles), tailored pharmaceutical care interventions were provided to pulmonary patients selected because of drug use that deviates from Dutch guidelines. The aims were to solve drug-related problems and to improve patients' drug use. This article describes the pharmaceutical care process tailored to the individual problems of patients in the intervention arm of a randomized controlled trial and defines the package of care. AB - METHODS: After a preliminary selection of the patients with the help of the algorithmic IPMP computer instrument, instructed Dutch community pharmacists had structured consultations with patients (aged 13-70 years) in the intervention arm to identify behaviour and specific problems with their medication. Based on this identification process, a tailored intervention was constructed that could comprise one or more of six pharmaceutical care modules. Modules were clustered in sets describing the complete programme of care provided to one patient. If necessary, pharmacists consulted the patients' physicians to improve the prescribed therapy. After the interventions, medication changes were evaluated with the patients. The prescribed medication and the refill rate were monitored in the pharmacy computer during 1 year. All activities and results were extensively monitored and documented. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Process description, i.e. number of provided pharmaceutical care modules and medication changes. Pharmacists' satisfaction. AB - RESULTS: Tailored interventions were provided to 199 patients at risk of sub-optimal drug therapy. In all 813 pharmaceutical care modules were performed and documented, and clustered in four different programmes. In addition to education and motivation to adhere to prescribed medication for all 199 patients, a medication change was suggested in 124 cases. Patients and physicians agreed upon a change in 94 cases. Device change was agreed upon in 58 of 64 cases, often simultaneously with medication change. Pharmacists consulted physicians concerning 100 patients. Pharmacists reported satisfaction with the pharmaceutical care approach. AB - CONCLUSION: Because of the extensive documentation, interventions could be described completely. Pharmacists observed a better drug use after educating patients or by solving their drug-related problems. In collaboration with physicians drug treatment could be improved. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2005 Oct DC - 20051212 YR - 2005 ED - 20070320 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16341744 <414. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17264693 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Arora S AU - Geppert CM AU - Kalishman S AU - Dion D AU - Pullara F AU - Bjeletich B AU - Simpson G AU - Alverson DC AU - Moore LB AU - Kuhl D AU - Scaletti JV FA - Arora, Sanjeev FA - Geppert, Cynthia M A FA - Kalishman, Summers FA - Dion, Denise FA - Pullara, Frank FA - Bjeletich, Barbara FA - Simpson, Gary FA - Alverson, Dale C FA - Moore, Lori B FA - Kuhl, Dave FA - Scaletti, Joseph V IN - Arora,Sanjeev. Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA. SArora@salud.unm.edu TI - Academic health center management of chronic diseases through knowledge networks: Project ECHO. SO - Academic Medicine. 82(2):154-60, 2007 Feb. AS - Acad Med. 82(2):154-60, 2007 Feb. NJ - Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - acm, 8904605 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS461626 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3855463 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Academic Medical Centers MH - *Computer Communication Networks/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Hepatitis C, Chronic/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - New Mexico MH - Program Development MH - *Remote Consultation/og [Organization & Administration] AB - The authors describe an innovative academic health center (AHC)-led program of health care delivery and clinical education for the management of complex, common, and chronic diseases in underserved areas, using hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model. The program, based at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, represents a paradigm shift in thinking and funding for the threefold mission of AHCs, moving from traditional fee-for-service models to public health funding of knowledge networks. This program, Project Extension for Community Health care Outcomes (ECHO), involves a partnership of academic medicine, public health offices, corrections departments, and rural community clinics dedicated to providing best practices and protocol-driven health care in rural areas. Telemedicine and Internet connections enable specialists in the program to comanage patients with complex diseases, using case-based knowledge networks and learning loops. Project ECHO partners (nurse practitioners, primary care physicians, physician assistants, and pharmacists) present HCV-positive patients during weekly two-hour telemedicine clinics using a standardized, case-based format that includes discussion of history, physical examination, test results, treatment complications, and psychiatric, medical, and substance abuse issues. In these case-based learning clinics, partners rapidly gain deep domain expertise in HCV as they collaborate with university specialists in hepatology, infectious disease, psychiatry, and substance abuse in comanaging their patients. Systematic monitoring of treatment outcomes is an integral aspect of the project. The authors believe this methodology will be generalizable to other complex and chronic conditions in a wide variety of underserved areas to improve disease outcomes, and it offers an opportunity for AHCs to enhance and expand their traditional mission of teaching, patient care, and research. IS - 1040-2446 IL - 1040-2446 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 1 UC1 HS015135 (United States AHRQ HHS) NO - M01 RR000997 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2007 Feb DC - 20070131 YR - 2007 ED - 20070316 RD - 20140907 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17264693 <415. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17269846 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - LaFleur J AU - McBeth C AU - Gunning K AU - Oderda L AU - Steinvoort C AU - Oderda GM FA - LaFleur, Joanne FA - McBeth, Carrieann FA - Gunning, Karen FA - Oderda, Lynda FA - Steinvoort, Carin FA - Oderda, Gary M IN - LaFleur,Joanne. Drug Regimen Review Center, Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. joanne.lafleur@pharm.utah.edu TI - Prevalence of drug-related problems and cost-savings opportunities in medicaid high utilizers identified by a pharmacist-run drug regimen review center. SO - Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 12(8):677-85, 2006 Oct. AS - J Manage Care Pharm. 12(8):677-85, 2006 Oct. NJ - Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9605854 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Cost Savings/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Cost Savings MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - *Drug Utilization Review MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medicaid MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmaceutical Services MH - *Polypharmacy MH - Utah AB - BACKGROUND: Despite numerous reports of state Medicaid drug utilization review (DUR) programs, little data are available about the prevalence of drugrelated problems (DRPs) in Medicaid patients. A university-based, pharmacist-run DUR program for high utilizers was created as an alternative to imposition of a statutory limit of 7 medications per month in the Utah Medicaid program in 2002. The DUR program was designed to suggest ways that high-utilizing patients could decrease their total number of medications to 7 or fewer prior to imposition of the 7-medication limit at some time in the future. AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience in 1 Medicaid DUR program and to report the prevalence of DRPs and cost-saving opportunities (CSOs) among a population of Medicaid recipients who were high utilizers of prescription drugs. AB - METHODS: DRPs were identified by 5 clinical pharmacists employed by the Drug Regimen Review Center (DRRC) in Salt Lake City. The purpose of the center was to provide drug therapy review services for a select number of Utah Medicaid recipients (200-300 per month) who exceeded a 7-medication limit during the calendar years 2003 and 2004. AB - RESULTS: Out of 391,890 eligible Medicaid recipients, 242,411 (62%) received at least 1 medication, and 16,958 (4.3%) exceeded the 7-medication limit during the review period. Of those exceeding the limit, the DRRC reviewed a total of 3,706 (21.9%) patients, representing the highest utilizers by volume of medication. The prevalence of DRPs considered clinically important in the review cohort was 79.7% of patients, including therapeutic duplications in 54.6% of patients, dose form optimization in 29.7%, and inappropriate uncoordinated care in 25.3%. The average pharmacy cost per month for patients with at least 1 DRP was 1,081 dollars; by contrast, the average pharmacy cost per month for all other patients receiving at least 1 prescription was 91 dollars. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 4% of Medicaid recipients exceeded the 7-medication monthly limit. Among the 22% highest utilizers in this group, 48% of nursing home residents and 87% of ambulatory recipients had at least 1 DRP, or an overall rate of 80% of high-use Medicaid recipients or as much as 3.2% of the Medicaid population. IS - 1083-4087 IL - 1083-4087 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 Oct DC - 20070202 YR - 2006 ED - 20070227 RD - 20141117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17269846 <416. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17152222 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Trojackova A AU - Visnovsky P FA - Trojackova, Alena FA - Visnovsky, Peter IN - Trojackova,Alena. Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. trojackova.alena@vlada.cz TI - Alcohol use in Czech pharmacy students. SO - Central European Journal of Public Health. 14(3):117-21, 2006 Sep. AS - Cent Eur J Public Health. 14(3):117-21, 2006 Sep. NJ - Central European journal of public health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo6, 9417324 SB - Index Medicus CP - Czech Republic MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Alcoholic Intoxication/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Czech Republic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Sex Factors MH - *Students MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - *Temperance/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] AB - In academic years 2002/3-2004/5, the use of alcohol was investigated by anonymous questionnaire in 1,032 first and third year pharmacy students in the Czech Republic. Frequencies of beer, wine and spirits use, the age of the first contact with alcoholic beverages, the age of the first drunkenness and the frequency of drunkenness in the last month were ascertained. Average age of the first contact with alcoholic beverages was 12.9 years. 40.5% and 10.9% of students reported regular and hazardous drinking, respectively, with significantly higher proportion of men than women. Hazardous alcohol drinking significantly increased between academic years 2002/3 and 2004/5, no significant differences were found in the proportion of non-drinkers and regular alcohol drinkers over the 3-year-period of the survey. Both regular and hazardous drinking patterns were significantly related to the financial situation of the students. Significant associations were also found between alcohol consumption and using of both licit and illicit drugs of abuse. IS - 1210-7778 IL - 1210-7778 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2006 Sep DC - 20061207 YR - 2006 ED - 20070226 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17152222 <417. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16999661 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - John EJ AU - Vavra T AU - Farris K AU - Currie J AU - Doucette W AU - Button-Neumann B AU - Osterhaus M AU - Kumbera P AU - Halterman T AU - Bullock T FA - John, Elizabeth J FA - Vavra, Theresa FA - Farris, Karen FA - Currie, Jay FA - Doucette, William FA - Button-Neumann, Brenna FA - Osterhaus, Matt FA - Kumbera, Patty FA - Halterman, Tom FA - Bullock, Tammy IN - John,Elizabeth J. Division of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1112, USA. TI - Workplace-based cardiovascular risk management by community pharmacists: impact on blood pressure, lipid levels, and weight. SO - Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 26(10):1511-7, 2006 Oct. AS - Pharmacotherapy. 26(10):1511-7, 2006 Oct. NJ - Pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - par, 8111305 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/ph [Physiology] MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Case Management MH - Diabetes Complications MH - Female MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - Industry MH - Iowa MH - Lipids/bl [Blood] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Occupational Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - *Pharmacies MH - *Pharmacists MH - Program Evaluation MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Risk Management MH - *Rural Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Workplace AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a community pharmacist-delivered cardiovascular case-management program by comparing body mass index (weight), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and full lipid profile at the beginning of the program with these outcome measures at the end of the program. AB - DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis using billing data submitted between July 1, 2001, and October 31, 2004, with a pre-post design in which subjects served as their own controls. AB - SETTING: Manufacturing workplace in rural Iowa. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-six workers with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (mean age 40.67 yrs), 37 had diabetes mellitus and 19 did not. AB - INTERVENTION: During visits to the workers, pharmacists provided education about cardiovascular disease, identification of drug therapy problems, and importance of routine blood pressure, pulse, and weight measurements; they communicated with participants' physicians as needed. AB - MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The number of pharmacist visits/participant ranged from 1-13 (mean +/- SD 6.97 +/- 3.05). Outcome measures were weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, full lipid profiles (in patients with diabetes), and percentage of patients achieving treatment goal by the end of the 3 years. Statistically significant differences between the first and last visits were achieved for both systolic (124.12 +/- 11.07 and 120.36 +/- 14.39 mm Hg, respectively, p=0.016) and diastolic (80.4 +/- 9.01 and 77.43 +/- 9.14 mm Hg, respectively, p=0.019) blood pressure. The 19 patients without diabetes showed a statistically significant improvement in diastolic blood pressure (p=0.039), but the 37 patients with diabetes did not show a significant difference. A nonsignificant increase was seen in the percentage of patients with diabetes achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level goal between the first and last visits (p=0.06). AB - CONCLUSION: A cardiovascular case-management program delivered in the workplace to middle-aged working adults by community pharmacists improved blood pressure and reduced LDL levels. The program was not effective, however, in weight reduction. RN - 0 (Lipids) IS - 0277-0008 IL - 0277-0008 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 Oct DC - 20060926 YR - 2006 ED - 20070222 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16999661 <418. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17163494 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Smith JL AU - Cervero RM AU - Valentine T FA - Smith, Jayne L FA - Cervero, Ronald M FA - Valentine, Thomas IN - Smith,Jayne L. Office of Faculty Affairs, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. TI - Impact of commercial support on continuing pharmacy education. SO - Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 26(4):302-12, 2006. AS - J Contin Educ Health Prof. 26(4):302-12, 2006. NJ - The Journal of continuing education in the health professions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jhp, 8805847 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Conflict of Interest MH - *Drug Industry MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Humans MH - Program Evaluation MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States AB - INTRODUCTION: There is a serious debate over the involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in continuing education. Policies that govern the planning of continuing education for pharmacists center on the potential conflict of interest when there is commercial support for programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of commercial support on the provision and perceived outcomes of continuing pharmacy education. AB - METHODS: A survey was administered online to a national sample of accredited providers of continuing pharmacy education, resulting in 134 responses. The 64-item survey was developed to measure the planning practices of these providers and their perceptions of the educational and noneducational consequences of commercial support for continuing education. AB - RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four usable questionnaires (34%) were received from 386 leaders in pharmacy education. Approximately 86% of providers and 43% of programs received commercial support. Although the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education requires that providers review instructional content and materials for commercially supported programs before delivery, only 43% always did so. Commercial support was perceived to have consequences for provider organizations, pharmacists, and patients, such as increased cost and use of drugs and financial dependency of providers and participants on industry support. AB - DISCUSSION: The results of our study lead to the conclusions that commercial support of continuing education is widespread, affects continuing education programs, and is perceived to have significant educational and noneducational consequences. The profession should ensure that continuing education guidelines are unambiguous related to specific practices that are allowable and unallowable when receiving commercial support. Future research should study the consequences of commercial support behaviorally by examining the effects on pharmacy professionals' practice and pharmaceutical care. IS - 0894-1912 IL - 0894-1912 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 DC - 20061218 YR - 2006 ED - 20070221 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17163494 <419. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17149416 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hussein G AU - Kawahara N FA - Hussein, Gamal FA - Kawahara, Nancy IN - Hussein,Gamal. School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University. TI - Adaptive and longitudinal pharmaceutical care instruction using an interactive voice response/text-to-speech system. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 70(2):37, 2006 Apr 15. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 70(2):37, 2006 Apr 15. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372650, 3r9 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1636922 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Computer-Assisted Instruction MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Educational Technology MH - Humans MH - *Patient Education as Topic MH - Software MH - Telephone MH - Treatment Outcome MH - User-Computer Interface AB - OBJECTIVES: To develop a course structure that would more closely simulate the actual provision of pharmaceutical care. AB - DESIGN: An interactive voice response/text-to-speech system (hardware and software) for obtaining patient data was designed and used in a pharmaceutical care laboratory. Students called the system to collect data, listen to progress notes, make recommendations, and update the pharmaceutical care plan for virtual patients. Laboratory time was utilized to evaluate patient progress and respond to recommendations as well as to identify and solve drug-related problems. AB - ASSESSMENT: Students' recorded communications with the system and completed care plans were evaluated and a competency-based final examination was administered. Peer evaluations and course evaluations were administered. AB - CONCLUSION: This innovative approach challenged students and promoted interactive learning. Student evaluations indicated we achieved our objective of creating a course that more closely simulated the actual provision of pharmaceutical care. ES - 1553-6467 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 Apr 15 DC - 20061206 YR - 2006 ED - 20070202 RD - 20140907 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17149416 <420. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17062328 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Handler SM AU - Wright RM AU - Ruby CM AU - Hanlon JT FA - Handler, Steven M FA - Wright, Rollin M FA - Ruby, Christine M FA - Hanlon, Joseph T IN - Handler,Steven M. Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. handlersm@upmc.edu TI - Epidemiology of medication-related adverse events in nursing homes. [Review] [68 refs] SO - American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. 4(3):264-72, 2006 Sep. AS - Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 4(3):264-72, 2006 Sep. NJ - The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101190325 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - *Homes for the Aged/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Nursing Homes/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: Nursing home residents are prescribed more medications than patients in any other clinical setting. Although pharmacotherapy for older nursing home residents is usually safe and effective, it can lead to medication-related adverse events such as adverse drug reactions (ADRs), adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWEs), and therapeutic failures (TFs). AB - OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the descriptive (incidence) and analytic (risk factor) epidemiology of medication-related adverse events occurring in nursing home residents as reported in the literature during the last 2 decades. AB - METHODS: A search of MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts was conducted for articles published in English between January 1986 and July 2006 using the following terms: adverse drug events, adverse drug reactions, adverse drug withdrawal events, aged, drug therapy, drug-related problems, medication-related problems, nursing homes, therapeutic failures, and treatment failures. The reference lists of identified articles, recent review articles, book chapters, and the authors' reference library were also searched manually. AB - RESULTS: Seven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this review. Five studies described ADRs, 1 described ADWEs, and 1 described TFs. The studies of ADRs used different methods of detecting ADRs, resulting in incidence rates ranging from 1.19 to 7.26 per 100 resident-months. The single study of ADWEs reported an incidence of 2.60 per 100 resident-months. An incidence rate for the single study describing TFs could not be calculated. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Medication-related adverse events are common in the nursing home setting. Additional studies are needed to enhance the detection and prevention of medication-related adverse events and to reduce their impact on residents' outcomes and health care costs. [References: 68] IS - 1543-5946 IL - 1876-7761 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review NO - AG027017 (United States NIA NIH HHS) NO - K12RR023267 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) NO - P30 AG024827 (United States NIA NIH HHS) NO - P30AG024827 (United States NIA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2006 Sep DC - 20061025 YR - 2006 ED - 20070112 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17062328 <421. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17165365 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lafferty L AU - Hunter TS AU - Marsh WA FA - Lafferty, Lynn FA - Hunter, Tracy S FA - Marsh, Wallace A IN - Lafferty,Lynn. In Depth Programs, San Francisco, CA, USA. TI - Knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists concerning prescription drug abuse. SO - Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 38(3):229-32, 2006 Sep. AS - J Psychoactive Drugs. 38(3):229-32, 2006 Sep. NJ - Journal of psychoactive drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jlp, 8113536 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Data Collection MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Female MH - Florida MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Pain/co [Complications] MH - Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pain/px [Psychology] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and professional practices of pharmacists regarding addiction and patient use of controlled medications. This research project explored the relationship between pharmacy education, perceived and actual knowledge, and professional interactions as it pertains to problems surrounding dependency and addiction. A questionnaire of 25 items was administered at three separate continuing education programs in Florida in 2005. A total of 484 surveys were completed. Pharmacists (67.5%) reported participating in two hours or less of addiction/substance abuse education in pharmacy school. Of particular concern was that 29.2% reported having received no addiction education. Pharmacists who had greater amounts of addiction-specific education had a higher likelihood of correctly answering questions relating to the science of addiction and substance abuse counseling. In addition, pharmacists who reported more education counseled patients more frequently and felt more confident about counseling. A majority of respondents (53.7%) reported that they had never referred a patient to drug treatment in their career. These findings suggest that the neurobiological basis for addictive diseases, standards of care, and pain management guidelines were not widely understood by the sample. More research should be undertaken to determine the educational needs of practicing pharmacists to enable them to assume a leadership role in detecting, preventing, and treating prescription drug abuse. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) IS - 0279-1072 IL - 0279-1072 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 Sep DC - 20061214 YR - 2006 ED - 20070111 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17165365 <422. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16984745 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bremberg ER AU - Hising C AU - Nylen U AU - Ehrsson H AU - Eksborg S FA - Bremberg, Eva Ramme FA - Hising, Christina FA - Nylen, Urban FA - Ehrsson, Hans FA - Eksborg, Staffan IN - Bremberg,Eva Ramme. Karolinska Pharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. eva.bremberg@karolinska.se TI - An evaluation of pharmacist contribution to an oncology ward in a Swedish hospital. SO - Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. 12(2):75-81, 2006 Jun. AS - J Oncol Pharm Pract. 12(2):75-81, 2006 Jun. NJ - Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9511372 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Utilization/st [Standards] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Nurses MH - *Oncology Service, Hospital MH - *Patient Care Team MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ma [Manpower] MH - Physicians MH - *Professional Role MH - Quality Assurance, Health Care/mt [Methods] MH - *Quality Assurance, Health Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Sweden AB - AIM: The aim of this project was to establish the importance of a pharmacist in the health-care team in improving drug use in an oncology ward in the Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. AB - METHODS AND PATIENTS: The pharmacist participated in the medical round in the mornings and worked as a member of the health-care team. Drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified by drug chart reviews based on data from medical files, laboratory tests and interviews with patients and/or relatives. A questionnaire to physicians and nurses was used to evaluate their experiences of the pharmacist's contribution to the oncology ward. AB - RESULTS: In total, 114 DRPs were identified in 58 patients. For each DRP, the pharmacist gave proposals for solutions. Sixty-eight suggestions out of 114 (59.6%) were implemented by the physician. Two suggestions (1.8%) were partly followed. For 32 suggestions (28.0%) it was unclear if they had caused any change in medication. Twelve suggestions (10.5%) were not followed. Most of the physicians and nurses acknowledged the pharmacist's contribution to improved drug use in the ward. AB - CONCLUSION: A pharmacist can improve drug use in an oncology ward as a member of the health-care team. The pharmacist contributes with a systematic focus on the patient from a drug perspective. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 1078-1552 IL - 1078-1552 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 Jun DC - 20060920 YR - 2006 ED - 20070109 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16984745 <423. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16914986 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fournier ME AU - Levy S FA - Fournier, Mary E FA - Levy, Sharon IN - Fournier,Mary E. Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Mary.Fournier@childrens.harvard.edu TI - Recent trends in adolescent substance use, primary care screening, and updates in treatment options. [Review] [41 refs] SO - Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 18(4):352-8, 2006 Aug. AS - Curr Opin Pediatr. 18(4):352-8, 2006 Aug. NJ - Current opinion in pediatrics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - but, 9000850 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Ambulatory Care/td [Trends] MH - Behavior, Addictive/di [Diagnosis] MH - Behavior, Addictive/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Behavior, Addictive/et [Etiology] MH - Behavior, Addictive/th [Therapy] MH - Counseling/td [Trends] MH - Humans MH - *Primary Health Care/td [Trends] MH - *Substance Abuse Detection/td [Trends] MH - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/td [Trends] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a brief overview on trends in common substances of abuse in adolescents, a summary of tools to evaluate adolescent substance abuse in an outpatient setting, and an update of outpatient and inpatient treatment options. AB - RECENT FINDINGS: Recent national data suggest an overall slight decline in the use of tobacco, crystal methamphetamine, heroin, and club drugs. No significant change was noted in the use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. Yearly screening of all adolescents for substance use is recommended. This can be accomplished in an office setting using mnemonics, structured interview techniques, and brief screens for substance abuse. If a problem is identified, various outpatient and inpatient treatments are available. Individual, family, and group therapy methods are available. Other options include acute detoxification programs, partial hospitalization, acute residential treatment, residential treatment centers and wilderness programs. Pharmacological treatments are available for nicotine, alcohol, and opioid addiction. AB - SUMMARY: Tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs remain a significant problem among adolescents in the United States. Pediatricians should screen and assess all adolescents on a yearly basis. If a problem is identified, there are many options for treatment, including pharmacologic treatment as well as individual, family, or group therapy in an inpatient or outpatient setting. [References: 41] IS - 1040-8703 IL - 1040-8703 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - 5T71MC00009-13 (United States PHS HHS) LG - English DP - 2006 Aug DC - 20060817 YR - 2006 ED - 20070109 RD - 20071203 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16914986 <424. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17066115 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Manchikanti L FA - Manchikanti, Laxmaiah IN - Manchikanti,Laxmaiah. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, Paducah, KY, USA. drm@apex.com TI - Prescription drug abuse: what is being done to address this new drug epidemic? Testimony before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources. [Review] [165 refs] CM - Comment in: Pain Physician. 2006 Oct;9(4):283-5; PMID: 17066114 CM - Comment in: Pain Physician. 2007 Mar;10(2):382; author reply 382; PMID: 17387362 SO - Pain Physician. 9(4):287-321, 2006 Oct. AS - Pain physician. 9(4):287-321, 2006 Oct. NJ - Pain physician PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100954394 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Consumer Participation/td [Trends] MH - Criminal Law/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Criminal Law/td [Trends] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Drug and Narcotic Control/mt [Methods] MH - *Drug and Narcotic Control/td [Trends] MH - Humans MH - Malpractice/ec [Economics] MH - Malpractice/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Malpractice/td [Trends] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/ec [Economics] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Pain, Intractable/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Patient Education as Topic/st [Standards] MH - Patient Education as Topic/td [Trends] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - This comprehensive health policy review of the prescription drug abuse epidemic is based on the written and oral testimony of witnesses at a July 26, 2006 Congressional Hearing, including that of Laxmaiah Manchikanti, MD, the chief executive officer of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians and additions from review of the literature. Honorable Mark E. Souder, chairman of the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, introduced the issue as follows: "Prescription drug abuse today is second only to marijuana abuse. In the most recent household survey, initiates to drug abuse started with prescription drugs (especially pain medications) more often than with marijuana. The abuse of prescription drugs is facilitated by easy access (via physicians, the Internet, and the medicine cabinet) and a perception of safety (since the drugs are FDA approved). In addition to the personal toll of drug abuse using prescription drugs, indirect costs associated with prescription drug abuse and diversion include product theft, commission of other crimes to support addiction, law enforcement costs, and encouraging the practice of defensive medicine." The Administration witnesses, Bertha Madras, Nora D. Volkow, MD, Sandra Kweder, MD, and Joe Rannazzisi reviewed the problem of drug abuse and discussed what is being done at the present time as well as future strategies to combat drug abuse, including prescription drug monitoring programs, reducing malprescriptions, public education, eliminating Internet drug pharmacies, and the development of future drugs which are not only tamper-resistant but also non-addictive. The second panel, consisting of consumers and advocates, included Misty Fetco, Linda Surks, and Barbara van Rooyan, all of whom lost their children to drugs, presented their stories and strategies to prevent drug abuse, focusing on education at all levels, development of resistant drugs, and non-opioid treatment of chronic pain. Mathea Falco, JD, and Stephen E. Johnson presented issues related to drug abuse and measures to curb drug abuse by various means. Stephen J. Pasierb presented startling statistics on teen drug abuse and various educational programs to deter abuse. Laxmaiah Manchikanti, MD presented an overview of prescription drug abuse, strategies to prevent drug abuse, including immediate funding and rapid implementation of NASPER, education at all levels and improving relations with the DEA and the provider community. [References: 165] RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) IS - 1533-3159 IL - 1533-3159 PT - Government Publications PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2006 Oct DC - 20061026 YR - 2006 ED - 20070108 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17066115 <425. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16473476 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nahvi S AU - Richter K AU - Li X AU - Modali L AU - Arnsten J FA - Nahvi, Shadi FA - Richter, Kimber FA - Li, Xuan FA - Modali, Laxmi FA - Arnsten, Julia IN - Nahvi,Shadi. Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. snahvi@dosa.aecom.yu.edu TI - Cigarette smoking and interest in quitting in methadone maintenance patients. SO - Addictive Behaviors. 31(11):2127-34, 2006 Nov. AS - Addict Behav. 31(11):2127-34, 2006 Nov. NJ - Addictive behaviors PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 2gw, 7603486 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - Female MH - Health Care Surveys MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Methadone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Middle Aged MH - Motivation MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - *Narcotics/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Smoking/eh [Ethnology] MH - Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - *Smoking Cessation/px [Psychology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - Urban Health AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine tobacco use, readiness to quit, and interest in smoking cessation interventions among methadone maintenance patients. AB - METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of outpatients enrolled in four urban methadone maintenance clinics. Stage of readiness to quit was determined for all smokers, and factors associated with both readiness to quit and interest in attending an on-site smoking cessation program were determined. AB - RESULTS: Among 389 patients, 83% were current smokers. Nearly half (48%) of smokers were contemplating quitting, and an additional 22% were in the preparation stage of readiness to quit. In multivariate analyses, lower nicotine dependence, prior use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and lower methadone dose were associated with being in the preparation stage. Patients with more education, Hispanics/Latinos, and patients who had used smoking cessation pharmacotherapy or were in the preparation or contemplation stages of behavior change were more interested in attending an on-site smoking cessation program. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is highly prevalent among methadone maintenance patients, but we also observed a high level of readiness to quit and interest in smoking cessation. Targeted smoking cessation interventions, including on-site programs, should be developed for methadone maintenance patients. RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0306-4603 IL - 0306-4603 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20060213 DP - 2006 Nov DC - 20061018 YR - 2006 ED - 20070103 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16473476 <426. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16806096 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Biederman J AU - Gao H AU - Rogers AK AU - Spencer TJ FA - Biederman, Joseph FA - Gao, Haitao FA - Rogers, Ann K FA - Spencer, Thomas J IN - Biederman,Joseph. Scientific Communications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. jbiederman@partners.org TI - Comparison of parent and teacher reports of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms from two placebo-controlled studies of atomoxetine in children. SO - Biological Psychiatry. 60(10):1106-10, 2006 Nov 15. AS - Biol Psychiatry. 60(10):1106-10, 2006 Nov 15. NJ - Biological psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - a3s, 0213264 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - *Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Atomoxetine Hydrochloride MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Child MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - *Parents MH - Personality Assessment MH - *Propylamines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Teaching MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome AB - BACKGROUND: The validity of parent reports regarding children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms has been questioned. This study assessed whether parent reports were as sensitive as teacher reports to document change in ADHD symptoms during clinical trials with atomoxetine. AB - METHODS: Data were compared from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of atomoxetine using different versions (parent or teacher) of the same rating scale (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV [parent or teacher] Version: Investigator Administered and Scored - ADHD RS). Exclusion criteria included history of bipolar disorder, psychosis, seizures, alcohol abuse, or positive drug screen. Patients (6-16 years old) were treated with atomoxetine (titrated to a maximum dose of 1.8 mg/kg/day) administered once daily for up to 7 weeks. Parent and teacher ratings were compared using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model. AB - RESULTS: The analysis (n = 318) showed that treatment effects (mean change, baseline to endpoint) were similar between parent and teacher ratings (total, p = .762; inattention, p = .519; hyperactive/impulsive, p = .955). Effect sizes also were similar based on total scores (parent ratings = .69; teacher ratings = .63). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Parent reports are as sensitive as teacher reports in assessing the efficacy of long-acting pharmacologic treatment for ADHD in children during clinical trials using the nonstimulant atomoxetine. RN - 0 (Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Propylamines) RN - 57WVB6I2W0 (Atomoxetine Hydrochloride) IS - 0006-3223 IL - 0006-3223 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20060627 DP - 2006 Nov 15 DC - 20061103 YR - 2006 ED - 20061220 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16806096 <427. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16891443 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Greene SL AU - Dargan PI AU - Leman P AU - Jones AL FA - Greene, S L FA - Dargan, P I FA - Leman, P FA - Jones, A L IN - Greene,S L. Guy's and St Thomas's Poisons Unit, Avonley Road, New Cross, London SE14 5ER UK. Shaun.Greene@gstt.nhs.uk TI - Paracetamol availability and recent changes in paracetamol poisoning: is the 1998 legislation limiting availability of paracetamol being followed?. SO - Postgraduate Medical Journal. 82(970):520-3, 2006 Aug. AS - Postgrad Med J. 82(970):520-3, 2006 Aug. NJ - Postgraduate medical journal PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - pfx, 0234135 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2585716 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Acetaminophen/po [Poisoning] MH - *Acetaminophen/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/po [Poisoning] MH - *Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Drug Overdose/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Legislation, Drug MH - London MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nonprescription Drugs/po [Poisoning] MH - Nonprescription Drugs/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Prospective Studies MH - Suicide, Attempted AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of adherence to legislation introduced in 1998 restricting the availability of over the counter paracetamol. AB - DESIGN: A prospective observational study. AB - SETTING: An emergency department in an inner city London teaching hospital. Pharmacy and non-pharmacy outlets in south London. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) The source of paracetamol ingested by 107 patients presenting with an acute paracetamol overdose (2001-2003) and (2) the ability to purchase paracetamol from pharmacy and non-pharmacy outlets in a manner contravening paracetamol pack size legislation (2004). AB - RESULTS: Potentially toxic amounts of paracetamol in excess of pack size restrictions were purchased in 70% (17 of 24) of outlets. Forty six per cent of patients who had ingested a potentially toxic dose of paracetamol obtained the tablets in a manner contravening the 1998 legislation. AB - CONCLUSION: Legislation limiting the availability of over the counter paracetamol is not being adhered to in south London. A significant number of patients ingesting a potentially toxic dose of paracetamol report purchasing the tablets in a manner contravening the legislation. Studies that attempt to assess the impact of the legislation need to be interpreted in the context of these results. Measures to enforce current legislation may help to reduce the severity of paracetamol poisoning in the UK. RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal) RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) ES - 1469-0756 IL - 0032-5473 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study LG - English DP - 2006 Aug DC - 20060807 YR - 2006 ED - 20061213 RD - 20140909 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16891443 <428. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16986449 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Greenhill LL FA - Greenhill, Laurence L IN - Greenhill,Laurence L. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. larrylgreenhill@cs.com TI - The science of stimulant abuse. [Review] [16 refs] SO - Pediatric Annals. 35(8):552-6, 2006 Aug. AS - Pediatr Ann. 35(8):552-6, 2006 Aug. NJ - Pediatric annals PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - oub, 0356657 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/me [Metabolism] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Child MH - Dextroamphetamine/me [Metabolism] MH - Dextroamphetamine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Dextroamphetamine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Methylphenidate/me [Metabolism] MH - Methylphenidate/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Methylphenidate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders AB - Stimulant medications, although classified by the US Drug Enforcement Agency as controlled with a Schedule IIa rating, are ubiquitous in our society because of their popularity as an effective treatment for childhood ADHD. The number of stimulant products available for practitioners has tripled in the last decade. Although stimulants' action on central dopamine systems can be reinforcing, especially when delivered via intraperitoneal or intravenous routes in laboratory animals, they are far less addicting when taken orally by children in the context of a medical treatment. Fortunately, the therapeutic stimulants, available orally, have different pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties than the illicit stimulants, methamphetamine and cocaine. The lack of intravenous forms of the therapeutic stimulants acts as a natural barrier and tends to prevent addiction. Furthermore, MPH produces dysphoria in school age children, further limiting its reinforcing properties. These pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methylphenidate and amphetamine treatments for ADHD thus are less addicting because of their delivery systems. Future products, employing novel methods that only allow the drug molecule to be available if ingested, should further increase the safety of these important therapeutic agents. [References: 16] RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) RN - TZ47U051FI (Dextroamphetamine) IS - 0090-4481 IL - 0090-4481 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2006 Aug DC - 20060921 YR - 2006 ED - 20061207 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16986449 <429. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16756414 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Johanson CE AU - Lundahl LH AU - Lockhart N AU - Schubiner H FA - Johanson, Chris-Ellyn FA - Lundahl, Leslie H FA - Lockhart, Nancy FA - Schubiner, Howard IN - Johanson,Chris-Ellyn. Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48207, USA. cjohans@med.wayne.edu TI - Intravenous cocaine discrimination in humans. SO - Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology. 14(2):99-108, 2006 May. AS - Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 14(2):99-108, 2006 May. NJ - Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9419066 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Blood Pressure/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Cocaine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Discrimination Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Injections, Intravenous MH - Male MH - Methamphetamine/ad [Administration & Dosage] AB - Ten cocaine-dependent participants were trained to discriminate between intravenous saline and 20 mg/70 kg cocaine. During the first session, saline and cocaine injections were alternated twice, with each separated by 1 hr. The injections were identified by letter codes. During the next 3 sessions, 12 trials were conducted, with saline and cocaine administered 6 times each in pseudorandom order. Thirty minutes following each injection, participants were asked to identify the injection by letter code. Seven of the 10 learned the discrimination (at least 10 trials correct). To evaluate sensitivity, the investigators tested participants with different doses of cocaine in test sessions. In the next phase, methamphetamine (5 and 10 mg/70 kg) and pentobarbital (50 and 100 mg/70 kg) were given intravenously during test sessions to determine whether the discrimination exhibited pharmacological class selectivity. During the evaluation of sensitivity and selectivity, training sessions were interspersed. As dose of cocaine increased, the number of participants identifying the test dose as cocaine increased, demonstrating sensitivity. The higher doses of methamphetamine and pentobarbital substituted for cocaine. The physiological and subjective effects of cocaine and methamphetamine were stimulant-like and dose related. Pentobarbital produced no physiological changes but increased Visual Analog Scale ratings of Sedation, Good Drug Effect, and High. This failure to demonstrate pharmacological selectivity may be related to participants' learning a drug-vs.-no-drug discrimination, and thus it may be necessary to alter training procedures in future studies. RN - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 1064-1297 IL - 1064-1297 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - R01 DA014076 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2006 May DC - 20060607 YR - 2006 ED - 20061026 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16756414 <430. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16826769 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jolemore S AU - Steeves D FA - Jolemore, Shawn FA - Steeves, Dan IN - Jolemore,Shawn. Capital Health Addiction Prevention & Treatment Services, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. TI - A capital approach: Tobacco treatment and cessation within Nova Scotia's Capital Health District. SO - Healthcare Quarterly. 9(3):66-70, 2006. AS - Healthc Q. 9(3):66-70, 2006. NJ - Healthcare quarterly (Toronto, Ont.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101208192 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - Canada MH - Catchment Area (Health) MH - Counseling MH - Government Regulation MH - Health Policy MH - *Health Promotion/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Nova Scotia MH - Organizational Innovation MH - Program Development MH - Smoking/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Smoking Cessation/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] AB - Inspired by Nova Scotia's comprehensive Tobacco Control Strategy and in an effort to support Capital Health's 100% smoke-free policy, the Addiction Prevention and Treatment Services (APTS) branch of Capital District Health Authority researched, designed and implemented an innovative tobacco intervention program. The success of the Capital approach, combining peer support, adult education concepts, addictions treatment knowledge, and free pharmacological aids, has sparked interest and dialogue among Canadian and American addictions professionals. The following article describes the rationale, guiding principles, key components and future directions of APTS's "To Be Tobacco Free" program. IS - 1710-2774 IL - 1710-2774 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2006 DC - 20060707 YR - 2006 ED - 20061018 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16826769 <431. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16226850 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Allott K AU - Redman J FA - Allott, Kelly FA - Redman, Jennifer IN - Allott,Kelly. Department of Psychology, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia. kelly.allott@med.monash.edu.au TI - Patterns of use and harm reduction practices of ecstasy users in Australia. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 82(2):168-76, 2006 Apr 28. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 82(2):168-76, 2006 Apr 28. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland MH - Adult MH - Australia MH - Humans MH - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/to [Toxicity] MH - Patient Acceptance of Health Care/px [Psychology] MH - *Risk Reduction Behavior MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - Harm reduction refers to the use of strategies to prevent or reduce harmful consequences associated with illicit drug use. There is a paucity of research concerning the harm reduction practices employed by ecstasy users. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, nature and factors associated with harm reduction practices employed by ecstasy users in Australia, with a specific focus on the practice of preloading and postloading--the use of pharmaceuticals and natural products prior and subsequent to ecstasy use. One hundred and sixteen Australian residents aged 18 years and over who had used ecstasy at least once in their lifetime were recruited via convenience sampling, 'snowballing' and via web-based advertisements and completed an anonymous questionnaire. Participants reported using a wide range of strategies for minimising ecstasy-associated harm. The most common strategies used for reducing negative side effects, 'comedown' or neurotoxicity were drinking water, limiting or reducing ecstasy use, taking breaks and taking vitamins or other natural substances. Forty percent of the sample had tested their ecstasy pills for the presence of MDMA. Forty-one percent and 47% of participants had engaged in pre- and postloading, respectively, with the most common pre- and postloading substances being multivitamins, 5-HTP, magnesium and fruit or fruit juice. Younger mean age and 'high' total occasions of ecstasy use was significantly associated with preloading, and 'high' total use and frequency of use was associated with postloading. The results indicate that ecstasy users are aware of the potential for harm associated with ecstasy use and attempt to minimise harm by actively employing strategies. By exploring the pattern of harm reduction practices among ecstasy users, this study has highlighted the need for further research into the efficacy and potential clinical drug interactions associated with such practices, as well as the need for investigation of how such practices may affect patterns of ecstasy use. RN - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) IS - 0376-8716 IL - 0376-8716 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20051014 DP - 2006 Apr 28 DC - 20060329 YR - 2006 ED - 20061005 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16226850 <432. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15952908 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dickerson TJ AU - Kaufmann GF AU - Janda KD FA - Dickerson, Tobin J FA - Kaufmann, Gunnar F FA - Janda, Kim D IN - Dickerson,Tobin J. Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. TI - Bacteriophage-mediated protein delivery into the central nervous system and its application in immunopharmacotherapy. [Review] [62 refs] SO - Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 5(6):773-81, 2005 Jun. AS - Expert Opin Biol Ther. 5(6):773-81, 2005 Jun. NJ - Expert opinion on biological therapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101125414 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Administration, Intranasal MH - Animals MH - *Antibodies/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Antibodies/ge [Genetics] MH - Antibodies/im [Immunology] MH - *Central Nervous System/me [Metabolism] MH - Cocaine/im [Immunology] MH - Cocaine/me [Metabolism] MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - *Drug Delivery Systems MH - Inovirus/ge [Genetics] MH - *Inovirus/im [Immunology] MH - Proteins/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Proteins/ge [Genetics] MH - *Proteins/me [Metabolism] MH - Rats AB - Cocaine addiction continues to be a major health and social problem in spite of governmental efforts devoted towards educating the public in the dangers of illicit drug use. A variety of pharmacotherapies and psychosocial programmes have been proposed in an effort to provide a method for alleviating the physical and psychological symptoms of cocaine abuse. Unfortunately, these methods have been met with limited success, illustrating a critical need for new effective approaches for the treatment of cocaine addiction. The authors have recently disclosed an alternative cocaine abuse treatment strategy using intranasal administration of an engineered filamentous bacteriophage displaying cocaine-sequestering antibodies on its surface. These phage particles are an effective vector for central nervous system penetration and are capable of binding cocaine, thereby blocking its behavioural effects in a rodent model. [References: 62] RN - 0 (Antibodies) RN - 0 (Proteins) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) ES - 1744-7682 IL - 1471-2598 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2005 Jun DC - 20050614 YR - 2005 ED - 20060928 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15952908 <433. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16809110 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Visnegarwala F AU - Rodriguez-Barradass MC AU - Graviss EA AU - Caprio M AU - Nykyforchyn M AU - Laufman L FA - Visnegarwala, F FA - Rodriguez-Barradass, M C FA - Graviss, E A FA - Caprio, M FA - Nykyforchyn, M FA - Laufman, L IN - Visnegarwala,F. Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College Of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room #465 EC, Houston, TX 77030, USA. fehmidav@bcm.tmc.edu TI - Community outreach with weekly delivery of anti-retroviral drugs compared to cognitive-behavioural health care team-based approach to improve adherence among indigent women newly starting HAART. SO - AIDS Care. 18(4):332-8, 2006 May. AS - AIDS Care. 18(4):332-8, 2006 May. NJ - AIDS care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8915313, a1o SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active MH - *Cognitive Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Community Health Services MH - Female MH - *HIV Infections/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Patient Acceptance of Health Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Patient Compliance MH - Pilot Projects MH - Texas MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Sustained virological suppression requires adherence to >95% of doses of therapy. Overall there is paucity of data on adherence interventions among women and post-intervention outcomes. In this pilot study, we evaluated a novel strategy of weekly delivery of medications (Directly Delivered Therapy: DDT) for six months using an outreach worker (ORW), among ARV naive indigent women starting HAART and compared the 'during intervention' and 'post-intervention' outcomes to the health care team (a nurse educator, a case worker, a pharmacist and social worker/drug addictions counsellor) based approach termed Adherence Coordination Services (ACS) and the Standard of Care (SoC) historical referent group. The baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable. The proportion of women who achieved sustained virologic suppression in 4-8 month period for DDT; ACS and SoC groups were 86% (18/21); 54% (6/11); and 36% (8/22) (P<0.004); and in the 10-14 month period were 80% (12/15); 54% (6/11) and 45%(10/22) (P=0.036 for DDT vs. SoC). Retention rate in the DDT was 87%, and 92% of 307 ORW visits were kept, and post-intervention satisfaction was high. Short-term weekly delivery of medications using a community based liaison is a feasible, acceptable and a cost-effective strategy for improving both short-term and perhaps long-term adherence among women initiating their first HAART regimen. IS - 0954-0121 IL - 0954-0121 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - AI36211 (United States NIAID NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2006 May DC - 20060630 YR - 2006 ED - 20060926 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16809110 <434. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16776897 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Havlicek D AU - Stafne E AU - Pronk NP FA - Havlicek, Darla FA - Stafne, Eric FA - Pronk, Nicolaas P IN - Havlicek,Darla. HealthPartners Health Behavior Group, Minneapolis, Minn, USA. TI - Tobacco cessation interventions in dental networks: a practice-based evaluation of the impact of education on provider knowledge, referrals, and pharmacotherapy use. SO - Preventing Chronic Disease. 3(3):A96, 2006 Jul. AS - Prev Chronic Dis. 3(3):A96, 2006 Jul. NJ - Preventing chronic disease PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101205018 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1637804 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Dentistry MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Education, Dental/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Smoking/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Time Factors MH - *Tobacco AB - Tobacco is a significant risk factor for oral diseases. Dental care providers have the opportunity to inform patients about the risks associated with tobacco use and refer them to tobacco cessation resources. Although dental teams usually ask their patients about their tobacco use, most do not provide tobacco cessation counseling. This project involved four staff-model dental clinics and four contracted network dental clinics. Project goals were to 1) describe current practice patterns of tobacco cessation intervention, 2) increase the use of steps for treatment, known as the 5 As, recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, 3) increase referrals to a tobacco helpline, and 4) increase use of pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence treatment. The project included training and program support (e.g., sharing of project data, weekly newsletters, discussion at clinic meetings). Results indicate that this approach to addressing tobacco dependence in a dental clinic setting can effectively change dental provider knowledge and action. RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) ES - 1545-1151 IL - 1545-1151 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20060615 DP - 2006 Jul DC - 20060616 YR - 2006 ED - 20060925 RD - 20160317 UP - 20160318 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=16776897 <435. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16776897 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Havlicek D AU - Stafne E AU - Pronk NP FA - Havlicek, Darla FA - Stafne, Eric FA - Pronk, Nicolaas P IN - Havlicek,Darla. HealthPartners Health Behavior Group, Minneapolis, Minn, USA. TI - Tobacco cessation interventions in dental networks: a practice-based evaluation of the impact of education on provider knowledge, referrals, and pharmacotherapy use. SO - Preventing Chronic Disease. 3(3):A96, 2006 Jul. AS - Prev Chronic Dis. 3(3):A96, 2006 Jul. NJ - Preventing chronic disease PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101205018 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1637804 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Dentistry MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Education, Dental/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Smoking/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Time Factors MH - *Tobacco AB - Tobacco is a significant risk factor for oral diseases. Dental care providers have the opportunity to inform patients about the risks associated with tobacco use and refer them to tobacco cessation resources. Although dental teams usually ask their patients about their tobacco use, most do not provide tobacco cessation counseling. This project involved four staff-model dental clinics and four contracted network dental clinics. Project goals were to 1) describe current practice patterns of tobacco cessation intervention, 2) increase the use of steps for treatment, known as the 5 As, recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, 3) increase referrals to a tobacco helpline, and 4) increase use of pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence treatment. The project included training and program support (e.g., sharing of project data, weekly newsletters, discussion at clinic meetings). Results indicate that this approach to addressing tobacco dependence in a dental clinic setting can effectively change dental provider knowledge and action. RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) ES - 1545-1151 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20060615 DP - 2006 Jul DC - 20060616 YR - 2006 ED - 20060925 RD - 20140909 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16776897 <436. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16735653 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Westerlund LT AU - Bjork HT FA - Westerlund, Lo Tommy FA - Bjork, H Thony IN - Westerlund,Lo Tommy. Apoteket AB, Helsingborg and Stockholm, Sweden. tommy.westerlund@apoteket.se TI - Pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies: practice and research in Sweden. [Review] [55 refs] SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 40(6):1162-9, 2006 Jun. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 40(6):1162-9, 2006 Jun. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Delivery of Health Care MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Humans MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/td [Trends] MH - *Pharmacies/td [Trends] MH - Pharmacists MH - Professional Practice MH - Research MH - Self Medication MH - Sweden AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the organization and delivery of community pharmacy and medical care, as well as pharmaceutical care practice and research, in Sweden. AB - FINDINGS: The Swedish retail pharmacy system of 800 community pharmacies and nearly 80 hospital pharmacies is unique in that it is organized into one single, government-owned chain, known as Apoteket AB. The pharmacy staff consists of pharmacists, prescriptionists, and pharmacy technicians. Some activities related to pharmaceutical care have been directed toward specific patient groups during annual theme campaigns. In the past few years, there has been a growing emphasis on the identification, resolution, and documentation of drug-related problems (DRPs) in Swedish pharmacy practice. A classification system for documenting DRPs and pharmacy interventions was developed in 1995 and incorporated into the software of all community pharmacies in 2001. A national DRP database (SWE-DRP) was established in 2004 to collect and analyze DRPs and interventions on a nationwide basis. Recently, a new counseling technique composed of key questions to facilitate the detection of DRPs has been tested successfully. Patient medication profiles are kept in 160 pharmacies, and a new national register of drugs dispensed to patients became available in 2006. Most pharmaceutical care studies in Sweden have focused on DRPs and resulting pharmacy interventions. AB - DISCUSSION: Swedish community pharmacy DRP work is in the international forefront but there is a potential for further developing cognitive services, given the beneficial organization of the country's pharmacies into one single pharmacy chain. The introduction of patient medication profiles has been both late and slow and has only had a marginal effect on pharmaceutical care practice so far. The universities do not appear to have any desire to influence the practice of pharmacy and could potentially take on a more active role in preparing pharmacy students for patient-oriented services. Current threats to pharmaceutical care practice and research include organizational changes, budget cuts, and reduced manpower of Apoteket AB. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The identification, resolution, and documentation of DRPs are central to community pharmacy practice in Sweden, resulting in a number of research studies. A national DRP database, patient medication profiles, and a new national register of drugs dispensed to patients provide opportunities for growth in pharmaceutical care practice and research in the country. [References: 55] IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English EP - 20060530 DP - 2006 Jun DC - 20060607 YR - 2006 ED - 20060823 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16735653 <437. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16809607 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Deibert RJ AU - Goldbaum G AU - Parker TR AU - Hagan H AU - Marks R AU - Hanrahan M AU - Thiede H FA - Deibert, Ryan J FA - Goldbaum, Gary FA - Parker, Theodore R FA - Hagan, Holly FA - Marks, Robert FA - Hanrahan, Michael FA - Thiede, Hanne IN - Deibert,Ryan J. Health Services Department, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. ryan.j.deibert@state.or.us TI - Increased access to unrestricted pharmacy sales of syringes in Seattle-King County, Washington: structural and individual-level changes, 1996 versus 2003. SO - American Journal of Public Health. 96(8):1347-53, 2006 Aug. AS - Am J Public Health. 96(8):1347-53, 2006 Aug. NJ - American journal of public health PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 1254074, 3xw OI - Source: KIE. 130153 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1522120 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Bioethics Journals SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Community-Acquired Infections/et [Etiology] MH - Community-Acquired Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Counseling MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Health Policy MH - Humans MH - Medical Waste Disposal MH - *Needle-Exchange Programs MH - Organizational Policy MH - Patient Simulation MH - Pharmacies/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Pharmacies/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians' MH - Sterilization MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Washington KW - Empirical Approach; Health Care and Public Health AB - We examined pharmacists' attitudes and practices related to syringe sales to injection drug users before and after legal reform and local programming to enhance sterile syringe access. We replicated a 1996 study by conducting pharmacist phone surveys and syringe test-buys in randomly selected pharmacies. Test-buy success increased from 48% in 1996 to 65% in 2003 (P=.04). Pharmacists agreeing that syringes should be available to injection drug users through pharmacy purchase increased from 49% to 71% (P<.01). Pharmacy policies and pharmacist attitudes were strongly associated with syringe access. Structural changes, including policy reform and pharmacy outreach, appear to increase syringe access. Interventions should address pharmacy policies and pharmacist attitudes and policies. NT - 42 refs. NT - KIE Bib: public health RN - 0 (Medical Waste Disposal) ES - 1541-0048 IL - 0090-0036 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LG - English EP - 20060629 DP - 2006 Aug DC - 20060725 YR - 2006 ED - 20060803 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16809607 <438. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16700856 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Otoom SA AU - Sequeira RP FA - Otoom, S A FA - Sequeira, R P IN - Otoom,S A. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain. sotoom@rcsi-mub.com TI - Health care providers' perceptions of the problems and causes of irrational use of drugs in two Middle East countries. SO - International Journal of Clinical Practice. 60(5):565-70, 2006 May. AS - Int J Clin Pract. 60(5):565-70, 2006 May. NJ - International journal of clinical practice PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cvt, 9712381 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Antidiarrheals/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Drug Utilization MH - *Health Services Misuse MH - Humans MH - Jordan MH - Syria AB - It is now evident that both developed and developing countries are experiencing many aspects of inappropriate use of drugs in their health care facilities. This is the first study in the region performed to examine the most common problems of irrational use of drugs and their causes in two Middle East countries--Jordan and Syria. Ninety senior participants from Jordan (50-15 physicians and 35 pharmacists) and Syria (40-12 physicians and 28 pharmacists) were enrolled in this study. The participants were asked to fill two questionnaires that deal with the problems and causes of irrational use of drugs in their country. Additionally, the participants were asked to perform a prescription analysis using WHO prescribing indicators on 40 prescriptions taken randomly from a comprehensive health centre in their country. The main drug use problems identified in the two countries were almost the same, but they vary in the percentage of occurrence and include excessive use of antibiotics and antidiarrhoeals, overprescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prescribing by tradename, excessive use of antibiotics to treat minor upper respiratory infections and self-medication by the public. The main causes of irrational use of drugs were poor medical records, lack of patient education about illnesses and drugs, no family doctor system, lack of standard treatment guidelines and lack of continuing medical education for doctors and pharmacists. The results of this study are important for decision-makers to utilise when putting policies and strategies to improve the use of drugs in both countries. RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Antidiarrheals) IS - 1368-5031 IL - 1368-5031 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2006 May DC - 20060516 YR - 2006 ED - 20060725 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16700856 <439. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16754834 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Corlett PR AU - Honey GD AU - Aitken MR AU - Dickinson A AU - Shanks DR AU - Absalom AR AU - Lee M AU - Pomarol-Clotet E AU - Murray GK AU - McKenna PJ AU - Robbins TW AU - Bullmore ET AU - Fletcher PC FA - Corlett, Philip R FA - Honey, Garry D FA - Aitken, Michael R F FA - Dickinson, Anthony FA - Shanks, David R FA - Absalom, Anthony R FA - Lee, Michael FA - Pomarol-Clotet, Edith FA - Murray, Graham K FA - McKenna, Peter J FA - Robbins, Trevor W FA - Bullmore, Edward T FA - Fletcher, Paul C IN - Corlett,Philip R. Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. TI - Frontal responses during learning predict vulnerability to the psychotogenic effects of ketamine: linking cognition, brain activity, and psychosis. SO - Archives of General Psychiatry. 63(6):611-21, 2006 Jun. AS - Arch Gen Psychiatry. 63(6):611-21, 2006 Jun. NJ - Archives of general psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 72c, 0372435 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Association Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Cognition Disorders/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Cognition Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Delusions/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Disease Susceptibility/px [Psychology] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Female MH - *Frontal Lobe/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Frontal Lobe/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Humans MH - *Ketamine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Models, Theoretical MH - Perceptual Disorders/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Placebos MH - Probability MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Psychoses, Substance-Induced/et [Etiology] MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/px [Psychology] MH - *Psychotic Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Psychotic Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] AB - CONTEXT: Establishing a neurobiological account of delusion formation that links cognitive processes, brain activity, and symptoms is important to furthering our understanding of psychosis. AB - OBJECTIVE: To explore a theoretical model of delusion formation that implicates prediction error-dependent associative learning processes in a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study using the psychotomimetic drug ketamine. AB - DESIGN: Within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled study. AB - SETTING: Hospital-based clinical research facility, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England. The work was completed within the Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen healthy, right-handed volunteers (8 of whom were male) with a mean +/- SD age of 29 +/- 7 years and a mean +/- SD predicted full-scale IQ of 113 +/- 4 were recruited from within the local community by advertisement. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were given low-dose ketamine (100 ng/mL of plasma) or placebo while performing a causal associative learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In a separate session outside the scanner, the dose was increased (to 200 ng/mL of plasma) and subjects underwent a structured clinical interview. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain activation, blood plasma levels of ketamine, and scores from psychiatric ratings scales (Brief Psychiatric Ratings Scale, Present State Examination, and Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale). AB - RESULTS: Low-dose ketamine perturbs error-dependent learning activity in the right frontal cortex (P = .03). High-dose ketamine produces perceptual aberrations (P = .01) and delusion-like beliefs (P = .007). Critically, subjects showing the highest degree of frontal activation with placebo show the greatest occurrence of drug-induced perceptual aberrations (P = .03) and ideas or delusions of reference (P = .04). AB - CONCLUSIONS: These findings relate aberrant prediction error-dependent associative learning to referential ideas and delusions via a perturbation of frontal cortical function. They are consistent with a model of delusion formation positing disruptions in error-dependent learning. RN - 0 (Placebos) RN - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine) IS - 0003-990X IL - 0003-990X PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 064351 (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) NO - G0001237 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) NO - G0001354 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) NO - G9439390 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) NO - (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) LG - English DP - 2006 Jun DC - 20060606 YR - 2006 ED - 20060621 RD - 20160322 UP - 20160324 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=16754834 <440. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16754834 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Corlett PR AU - Honey GD AU - Aitken MR AU - Dickinson A AU - Shanks DR AU - Absalom AR AU - Lee M AU - Pomarol-Clotet E AU - Murray GK AU - McKenna PJ AU - Robbins TW AU - Bullmore ET AU - Fletcher PC FA - Corlett, Philip R FA - Honey, Garry D FA - Aitken, Michael R F FA - Dickinson, Anthony FA - Shanks, David R FA - Absalom, Anthony R FA - Lee, Michael FA - Pomarol-Clotet, Edith FA - Murray, Graham K FA - McKenna, Peter J FA - Robbins, Trevor W FA - Bullmore, Edward T FA - Fletcher, Paul C IN - Corlett,Philip R. Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. TI - Frontal responses during learning predict vulnerability to the psychotogenic effects of ketamine: linking cognition, brain activity, and psychosis. SO - Archives of General Psychiatry. 63(6):611-21, 2006 Jun. AS - Arch Gen Psychiatry. 63(6):611-21, 2006 Jun. NJ - Archives of general psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 72c, 0372435 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Association Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Cognition Disorders/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Cognition Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Delusions/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Disease Susceptibility/px [Psychology] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Female MH - *Frontal Lobe/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Frontal Lobe/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Humans MH - *Ketamine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Models, Theoretical MH - Perceptual Disorders/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Placebos MH - Probability MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Psychoses, Substance-Induced/et [Etiology] MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/px [Psychology] MH - *Psychotic Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Psychotic Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] AB - CONTEXT: Establishing a neurobiological account of delusion formation that links cognitive processes, brain activity, and symptoms is important to furthering our understanding of psychosis. AB - OBJECTIVE: To explore a theoretical model of delusion formation that implicates prediction error-dependent associative learning processes in a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study using the psychotomimetic drug ketamine. AB - DESIGN: Within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled study. AB - SETTING: Hospital-based clinical research facility, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England. The work was completed within the Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen healthy, right-handed volunteers (8 of whom were male) with a mean +/- SD age of 29 +/- 7 years and a mean +/- SD predicted full-scale IQ of 113 +/- 4 were recruited from within the local community by advertisement. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were given low-dose ketamine (100 ng/mL of plasma) or placebo while performing a causal associative learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In a separate session outside the scanner, the dose was increased (to 200 ng/mL of plasma) and subjects underwent a structured clinical interview. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain activation, blood plasma levels of ketamine, and scores from psychiatric ratings scales (Brief Psychiatric Ratings Scale, Present State Examination, and Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale). AB - RESULTS: Low-dose ketamine perturbs error-dependent learning activity in the right frontal cortex (P = .03). High-dose ketamine produces perceptual aberrations (P = .01) and delusion-like beliefs (P = .007). Critically, subjects showing the highest degree of frontal activation with placebo show the greatest occurrence of drug-induced perceptual aberrations (P = .03) and ideas or delusions of reference (P = .04). AB - CONCLUSIONS: These findings relate aberrant prediction error-dependent associative learning to referential ideas and delusions via a perturbation of frontal cortical function. They are consistent with a model of delusion formation positing disruptions in error-dependent learning. RN - 0 (Placebos) RN - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine) IS - 0003-990X IL - 0003-990X PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - 064351 (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) NO - G0001237 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) NO - G0001354 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council) NO - (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust) LG - English DP - 2006 Jun DC - 20060606 YR - 2006 ED - 20060621 RD - 20150127 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16754834 <441. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16563028 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gettig JP AU - Grady SE AU - Nowosadzka I FA - Gettig, Jacob P FA - Grady, Sarah E FA - Nowosadzka, Izabella IN - Gettig,Jacob P. Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, IL, USA. TI - Methamphetamine: putting the brakes on speed. [Review] [42 refs] CM - Comment in: J Sch Nurs. 2006 Apr;22(2):63-5; PMID: 16563027 SO - Journal of School Nursing. 22(2):66-73, 2006 Apr. AS - J Sch Nurs. 22(2):66-73, 2006 Apr. NJ - The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bgs, 9206498 SB - Nursing Journal CP - United States MH - Acute Disease MH - Adolescent MH - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Amphetamine-Related Disorders MH - Child MH - Child Welfare MH - Chronic Disease MH - Drug Information Services MH - Drug and Narcotic Control/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Humans MH - Internet MH - *Methamphetamine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Methamphetamine/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Methamphetamine/po [Poisoning] MH - Nurse's Role MH - Nursing Assessment MH - Population Surveillance MH - Public Health MH - Risk Factors MH - Rural Health MH - Street Drugs/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - In only recent history, illicit use of methamphetamine, once isolated to urban areas on the West Coast, has spread into rural areas of the Midwest and southern United States. Although past and current methamphetamine legislation has increased penalties for methamphetamine manufacturers and tightened restrictions on sales of known precursors, the problem still persists. In fact, a 2004 survey indicates that an alarming 6.2% of high school seniors have tried methamphetamine. A number of biological, genetic, and environmental factors influence children's and adolescents' paths to substance abuse. Nurses should recognize the symptoms of methamphetamine abuse, which include agitation; aggressive behavior; rapid mood swings; hypertension; tachycardia; and eventually lesion-marked skin, clinical depression, and paranoid psychosis. Treatment for methamphetamine addiction includes behavioral therapy. Research on pharmacologic therapy is lacking. Educating youth on methamphetamine prevention appears to be the best approach to curb the spreading use of this addictive and deadly drug. [References: 42] RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine) IS - 1059-8405 IL - 1059-8405 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2006 Apr DC - 20060327 YR - 2006 ED - 20060612 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16563028 <442. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16649956 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hammett TM AU - Kling R AU - Johnston P AU - Liu W AU - Ngu D AU - Friedmann P AU - Binh KT AU - Dong HV AU - Van LK AU - Donghua M AU - Chen Y AU - Jarlais DC FA - Hammett, Theodore M FA - Kling, Ryan FA - Johnston, Patrick FA - Liu, Wei FA - Ngu, Doan FA - Friedmann, Patricia FA - Binh, Kieu Thanh FA - Dong, Ha Viet FA - Van, Ly Kieu FA - Donghua, Meng FA - Chen, Yi FA - Jarlais, Don C Des IN - Hammett,Theodore M. Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. red_hammett@abtassoc.com TI - Patterns of HIV prevalence and HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users prior to and 24 months following implementation of cross-border HIV prevention interventions in northern Vietnam and southern China. SO - AIDS Education & Prevention. 18(2):97-115, 2006 Apr. AS - AIDS Educ Prev. 18(2):97-115, 2006 Apr. NJ - AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - auy, 9002873 SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Causality MH - China/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Commerce/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Comorbidity MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Emigration and Immigration/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Ethnic Groups/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - *HIV Infections/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Marital Status MH - Prevalence MH - Primary Prevention/mt [Methods] MH - *Primary Prevention/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Risk-Taking MH - Sex Distribution MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Vietnam/ep [Epidemiology] AB - In 2002, we implemented a 4-year HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users (IDUs) in Lang Son Province, Vietnam, and Ning Ming County, Guangxi Province, China, a cross-border region seriously affected by inter-twined epidemics of heroin injection and HIV infection. The interventions involve peer education on HIV risk reduction and provision of new needles/syringes through direct distribution and pharmacy vouchers. We consider this to be a structural intervention in which risk reduction information and sterile injection equipment are diffused through the IDU populations and not limited to those who actually interact with peer educators. The evaluation of structural interventions poses complex methodological challenges. The evaluation of our interventions relies primarily on cross-sectional surveys (interviews and HIV testing) of samples of IDUs selected using a combination of targeted cluster and snowball methods. We consider this to be an appropriate, albeit imperfect, design given the study context. This paper presents analyses of data from the IDU surveys conducted just prior to implementation of the interventions and 24 months thereafter. The cross-border interventions have reached large proportions of the IDUs in the project sites, drug-related HIV risk behaviors have declined in frequency, and HIV prevalence among IDUs has been stable in China and declined in Vietnam over the 24 months since the interventions were implemented. Attribution of these positive trends to the interventions must be qualified in light of possible sampling biases and the absence of control groups. However, we believe that the structural interventions implemented by the cross-border project have played a role in stabilizing HIV prevalence among IDUs two years after they were initiated. Evidence of further diffusion of the interventions among IDUs and continued stability or decline of HIV prevalence would strengthen this case. IS - 0899-9546 IL - 0899-9546 PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2006 Apr DC - 20060502 YR - 2006 ED - 20060608 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16649956 <443. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15987332 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fugh-Berman A FA - Fugh-Berman, Adriane IN - Fugh-Berman,Adriane. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20051-1460, USA. ajf29@georgetown.edu TI - The corporate coauthor. CM - Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Jun;20(6):550-1; PMID: 15987334 CM - Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Jan;21(1):102; PMID: 16423136 CM - Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Oct;20(10):972; author reply 972-3; PMID: 16191155 CM - Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Jul;20(7):672; PMID: 16050869 SO - Journal of General Internal Medicine. 20(6):546-8, 2005 Jun. AS - J Gen Intern Med. 20(6):546-8, 2005 Jun. NJ - Journal of general internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8605834 OI - Source: KIE. 129969 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1490131 SB - Bioethics Journals SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Anticoagulants MH - *Authorship MH - *Conflict of Interest MH - *Disclosure MH - *Drug Industry/es [Ethics] MH - Humans MH - Marketing/es [Ethics] MH - Marketing/mt [Methods] MH - Peer Review, Research MH - Periodicals as Topic MH - *Publishing/es [Ethics] MH - Warfarin KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research AB - Drug marketing techniques include the sponsorship of articles signed by academic physicians or researchers and submitted to peer-reviewed medical journals. Some of these articles are authored or coauthored by ghostwriters who work for pharmaceutical companies or medical education companies hired by pharmaceutical companies. Conflicts of interest may be difficult to detect in the subset of articles and presentations sponsored by pharmaceutical companies that never mention the targeted drug, but focus on stimulating the perceived need for the targeted drug or highlighting problems with competing drugs. The current voluntary standards for declaring conflicts of interest to readers of medical journals and audiences at medical conferences are inadequate. A public database that contains conflicts of interest of physicians and researchers would be useful. NT - KIE Bib: biomedical research RN - 0 (Anticoagulants) RN - 5Q7ZVV76EI (Warfarin) ES - 1525-1497 IL - 0884-8734 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2005 Jun DC - 20050630 YR - 2005 ED - 20060516 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15987332 <444. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16464810 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sondergaard J AU - Foged A AU - Kragstrup J AU - Gaist D AU - Gram LF AU - Sindrup SH AU - Muckadell HU AU - Larsen BO AU - Herborg H AU - Andersen M FA - Sondergaard, Jens FA - Foged, Annette FA - Kragstrup, Jakob FA - Gaist, David FA - Gram, Lars Freng FA - Sindrup, Soren Hein FA - Muckadell, Hans Ulrik Schaffalizky de FA - Larsen, Bente Overgaard FA - Herborg, Hanne FA - Andersen, Morten IN - Sondergaard,Jens. Research Unit for General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. js@alm.au.dk TI - Intensive community pharmacy intervention had little impact on triptan consumption: a randomized controlled trial. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. 24(1):16-21, 2006 Mar. AS - Scand J Prim Health Care. 24(1):16-21, 2006 Mar. NJ - Scandinavian journal of primary health care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8510679, sif SB - Index Medicus CP - Norway MH - Adult MH - Denmark MH - Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Drug Utilization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Drug Utilization MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Female MH - *Headache Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Migraine Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Pharmacies MH - Pharmacists MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians' MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - *Serotonin Receptor Agonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Serotonin Receptor Agonists/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Sumatriptan/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Sumatriptan/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - *Vasoconstrictor Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Vasoconstrictor Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an intensive pharmaceutical care campaign targeting inappropriate use of triptans. AB - DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. AB - SETTING: 22 community pharmacies in the County of Funen, Denmark. AB - SUBJECTS: A total of 1123 triptan users at intervention pharmacies and 1340 at control pharmacies. AB - INTERVENTION: Intervention pharmacy staff received information on migraine and other types of headache, detection of inappropriate triptan use and other drug-related problems, and techniques for establishing a dialogue with patients. Intervention consisted of a folder and a structured dialogue with the pharmacy staff. The folder included questions aimed at detecting overuse and inappropriate triptan use. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in average triptan consumption in doses per month measured by means of a prescription database with information on all purchases of reimbursed drugs at the level of the individual patient. AB - RESULTS: Overall, intervention had no statistically significant short-term impact on patients' consumption of triptans either among incident users (intervention/control ratio 1.02; 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.12), or among prevalent users (1.02; 0.97 to 1.08). No effects were observed after 6 and 9 months, apart from a possible borderline effect after 9 months among prevalent users with intermediate triptan consumption (0.93; 0.87 to 1.00). AB - CONCLUSION: The pharmaceutical care campaign did not reduce the use of triptans. RN - 0 (Serotonin Receptor Agonists) RN - 0 (Vasoconstrictor Agents) RN - 8R78F6L9VO (Sumatriptan) IS - 0281-3432 IL - 0281-3432 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2006 Mar DC - 20060208 YR - 2006 ED - 20060419 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16464810 <445. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16534045 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schnipper JL AU - Kirwin JL AU - Cotugno MC AU - Wahlstrom SA AU - Brown BA AU - Tarvin E AU - Kachalia A AU - Horng M AU - Roy CL AU - McKean SC AU - Bates DW FA - Schnipper, Jeffrey L FA - Kirwin, Jennifer L FA - Cotugno, Michael C FA - Wahlstrom, Stephanie A FA - Brown, Brandon A FA - Tarvin, Emily FA - Kachalia, Allen FA - Horng, Mark FA - Roy, Christopher L FA - McKean, Sylvia C FA - Bates, David W IN - Schnipper,Jeffrey L. Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitalist Program, Division of General Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02120-1613, USA. jschnipper@partners.org TI - Role of pharmacist counseling in preventing adverse drug events after hospitalization. SO - Archives of Internal Medicine. 166(5):565-71, 2006 Mar 13. AS - Arch Intern Med. 166(5):565-71, 2006 Mar 13. NJ - Archives of internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372440, 7fs SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Directive Counseling/mt [Methods] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - *Hospitalization MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Middle Aged MH - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - *Patient Care Team MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Professional Role MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - BACKGROUND: Hospitalization and subsequent discharge home often involve discontinuity of care, multiple changes in medication regimens, and inadequate patient education, which can lead to adverse drug events (ADEs) and avoidable health care utilization. Our objectives were to identify drug-related problems during and after hospitalization and to determine the effect of patient counseling and follow-up by pharmacists on preventable ADEs. AB - METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial of 178 patients being discharged home from the general medicine service at a large teaching hospital. Patients in the intervention group received pharmacist counseling at discharge and a follow-up telephone call 3 to 5 days later. Interventions focused on clarifying medication regimens; reviewing indications, directions, and potential side effects of medications; screening for barriers to adherence and early side effects; and providing patient counseling and/or physician feedback when appropriate. The primary outcome was rate of preventable ADEs. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists observed the following drug-related problems in the intervention group: unexplained discrepancies between patients' preadmission medication regimens and discharge medication orders in 49% of patients, unexplained discrepancies between discharge medication lists and postdischarge regimens in 29% of patients, and medication nonadherence in 23%. Comparing trial outcomes 30 days after discharge, preventable ADEs were detected in 11% of patients in the control group and 1% of patients in the intervention group (P = .01). No differences were found between groups in total ADEs or total health care utilization. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist medication review, patient counseling, and telephone follow-up were associated with a lower rate of preventable ADEs 30 days after hospital discharge. Medication discrepancies before and after discharge were common targets of intervention. IS - 0003-9926 IL - 0003-9926 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - HL072806 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2006 Mar 13 DC - 20060314 YR - 2006 ED - 20060330 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16534045 <446. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16483093 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Labbe E AU - Herbert D AU - Haynes J FA - Labbe, Elise FA - Herbert, Donald FA - Haynes, Johnson IN - Labbe,Elise. Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Mobile, USA. TI - Physicians' attitude and practices in sickle cell disease pain management.[Erratum appears in J Palliat Care. 2006 Spring;22(1):64] SO - Journal of Palliative Care. 21(4):246-51, 2005. AS - J Palliat Care. 21(4):246-51, 2005. NJ - Journal of palliative care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8610345, jlc SB - Index Medicus CP - Canada MH - Acute Disease MH - Adult MH - Analgesia/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesia/ut [Utilization] MH - *Anemia, Sickle Cell/co [Complications] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Education, Medical, Continuing MH - Faculty, Medical/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Family Practice/ed [Education] MH - Family Practice/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Fear MH - Female MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Hematology/ed [Education] MH - Hematology/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medical Staff/ed [Education] MH - Medical Staff/px [Psychology] MH - Middle Aged MH - Needs Assessment MH - Pain/di [Diagnosis] MH - Pain/et [Etiology] MH - *Pain/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Pain Measurement MH - *Physicians/px [Psychology] MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States AB - Many physicians believe that patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are more likely to become addicted to pain medication than are other patient populations. This study hypothesizes that physicians' attitudes towards addiction in patients with SCD affects pain management practices. The Physician Attitudes Survey was sent to 286 physicians at seven National Institutes of Health-funded university-based comprehensive sickle cell centres. The survey assessed demographic information; and physician's attitudes toward and knowledge of pain, pain treatment, and drug addiction and abuse. Significant Pearson product-moment correlations were found between attitudes towards pain and beliefs regarding addiction to prescribed opioids. Physicians reported varied pain management strategies, however, many believe that attitudes toward addiction and to patients in pain crises may result in undertreatment of pain. These results indicate that physicians might benefit from additional education regarding sickle cell disease, addiction to pain medication, the pharmacology of opioids, and the assessment and treatment of pain. IS - 0825-8597 IL - 0825-8597 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2005 DC - 20060217 YR - 2005 ED - 20060316 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16483093 <447. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16419558 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Strauss SM AU - Astone JM AU - Munoz-Plaza C AU - Hagan H AU - Des Jarlais D FA - Strauss, Shiela M FA - Astone, Janetta M FA - Munoz-Plaza, Corrine FA - Hagan, Holly FA - Des Jarlais, Don IN - Strauss,Shiela M. National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., 71 West 23rd Street, 8th floor, New York, New York 10010, USA. strauss@ndri.org TI - Residential substance user treatment programs as venues for HCV pharmacological treatment: client and staff perspectives. SO - Substance Use & Misuse. 40(12):1811-29, 2005. AS - Subst Use Misuse. 40(12):1811-29, 2005. NJ - Substance use & misuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cgg, 9602153 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Antiviral Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Communication MH - Female MH - *Health Personnel MH - Health Promotion MH - *Hepatitis C/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Hepatitis C/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Hepatitis C/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Professional-Patient Relations MH - *Residential Treatment MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] AB - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent among drug users. While there are antiviral medications available to combat the virus, the medication regimen is quite arduous, presenting special issues for drug users. We examined the challenges and benefits of using residential substance user treatment programs as venues for clients to undergo HCV medication regimens. Analyses of qualitative data collected from clients and staff in 2003 at four residential substance user treatment programs in the U.S. indicate that challenges primarily include issues involving the medications' side effects, and both financial and communication concerns. Benefits especially involve clients' feelings that they are being proactive in addressing health issues in an environment that provides much-needed support. Findings illuminate the complex issues involved for both clients and the programs, and some steps that programs can take to better support HCV-infected clients regarding HCV medication concerns. RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) IS - 1082-6084 IL - 1082-6084 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 1-R01 DA13409 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2005 DC - 20060119 YR - 2005 ED - 20060307 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16419558 <448. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16128714 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Humphreys K AU - Weingardt KR AU - Horst D AU - Joshi AA AU - Finney JW FA - Humphreys, Keith FA - Weingardt, Kenneth R FA - Horst, Doyanne FA - Joshi, Asha A FA - Finney, John W IN - Humphreys,Keith. Veterans Affairs and Stanford University Medical Centers, Palo Alto, CA 94025, USA. knh@stanford.edu TI - Prevalence and predictors of research participant eligibility criteria in alcohol treatment outcome studies, 1970-98. [Review] [15 refs] SO - Addiction. 100(9):1249-57, 2005 Sep. AS - Addiction. 100(9):1249-57, 2005 Sep. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Alcoholism/th [Therapy] MH - Clinical Protocols MH - Clinical Trials as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) MH - Humans MH - Patient Compliance MH - *Patient Selection MH - Research Design MH - Treatment Outcome AB - AIMS: To describe the eligibility criteria (i.e. study participant inclusion and exclusion rules) employed in alcohol treatment outcome research and to identify predictors of their use. AB - DESIGN: The eligibility criteria of 683 alcohol treatment outcome studies conducted between 1970 and 1998 were coded reliably into 14 general categories. Predictors of the use of eligibility criteria were then examined. AB - FINDINGS: Patients were most often ruled ineligible for research studies because of their level of alcohol problems (39.1% of studies), comorbid psychiatric problems (37.8%), past or concurrent utilization of alcohol treatment (31.8%), co-occurring medical conditions (31.6%), and because they were deemed non-compliant and unmotivated (31.5%). The number of eligibility criteria employed in studies increased from the 1970s through the 1990s, and was positively associated with funding from the US National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and from the private sector, lack of an inpatient/residential treatment condition, presence of a pharmacotherapy, and use of a randomized, multiple-condition design. Principal investigators with doctoral degrees used more eligibility criteria than those with lower degrees. AB - CONCLUSION: Participant eligibility criteria are extensively employed in alcohol treatment outcome research, and vary significantly across historical periods, funders and research designs. Researchers should report the details of subject eligibility criteria and excluded patients more fully, and, evaluate how eligibility criteria affect the cost, feasibility, and generalizability of treatment outcome research. [References: 15] IS - 0965-2140 IL - 0965-2140 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - R-01 AA08689 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R-01 AA13315 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2005 Sep DC - 20050830 YR - 2005 ED - 20060227 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16128714 <449. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16353936 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dickerson TJ AU - Janda KD FA - Dickerson, Tobin J FA - Janda, Kim D IN - Dickerson,Tobin J. The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. TI - Recent advances for the treatment of cocaine abuse: central nervous system immunopharmacotherapy. [Review] [61 refs][Retraction in AAPS J. 2012 Sep;14(3):542; PMID: 22585345] SO - AAPS Journal. 7(3):E579-86, 2005. AS - AAPS J. 7(3):E579-86, 2005. NJ - The AAPS journal PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101223209 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2751261 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - Bacteriophages/im [Immunology] MH - Central Nervous System Agents/im [Immunology] MH - Central Nervous System Agents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Central Nervous System Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/im [Immunology] MH - Humans MH - Immunotherapy/mt [Methods] MH - Motor Activity/de [Drug Effects] MH - Motor Activity/im [Immunology] AB - Cocaine addiction continues to be a major health and societal problem in spite of governmental efforts devoted toward educating the public of the dangers of illicit drug use. A variety of pharmacotherapies and psychosocial programs have been proposed in an effort to provide a method for alleviation of the physical and psychological symptoms of cocaine abuse. Unfortunately, these methods have been met with limited success, illustrating a critical need for new effective approaches for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Recently an alternative cocaine abuse treatment strategy was proposed using intranasal administration of an engineered filamentous bacteriophage displaying cocaine-sequestering antibodies on its surface. These phage particles are an effective vector for CNS penetration and are capable of binding cocaine, thereby blocking its behavioral effects in a rodent model. The convergence of phage display and immunopharmacotherapy has allowed for an investigation of the efficacy of protein-based therapeutics acting within the CNS on the effects of cocaine in animal models and has uncovered a new tool in the battle against cocaine addiction. [References: 61] RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Agents) ES - 1550-7416 IL - 1550-7416 PT - Journal Article PT - Retracted Publication PT - Review LG - English EP - 20051019 DP - 2005 DC - 20051215 YR - 2005 ED - 20060118 RD - 20140910 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16353936 <450. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16257822 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Roth MT AU - Ivey JL FA - Roth, Mary T FA - Ivey, Jena L IN - Roth,Mary T. Division of Pharmaceutical Policy and Evaluative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA. mroth@unc.edu TI - Self-reported medication use in community-residing older adults: A pilot study. SO - American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. 3(3):196-204, 2005 Sep. AS - Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 3(3):196-204, 2005 Sep. NJ - The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101190325 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - African Americans/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Aged MH - Chronic Disease/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Chronic Disease/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Drug Utilization MH - *Drug Utilization Review MH - European Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medicare MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - North Carolina MH - Patient Acceptance of Health Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Patient Compliance/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Patient Education as Topic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pilot Projects MH - *Residence Characteristics MH - Risk Factors MH - *Self Disclosure MH - Social Environment MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Time Factors MH - United States AB - BACKGROUND: Older adults (ie, those aged > or = 65 years) are at increased risk of developing drug therapy problems, which may lead to poor health outcomes and decreased quality of life. AB - OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this pilot study was to evaluate and report medication use and potential drug therapy problems in older adults who received Eldercare program assistance through the Orange County Department on Aging in North Carolina. AB - METHODS: Between May and July 2002, subjects were consecutively sampled from a registry of adults aged > or = 60 years enrolled in the Eldercare program. To be eligible for the study, individuals had to be receiving the services of the Eldercare program, speak English, and reside independently in the community of Orange County. The older adults were contacted by the program director to determine interest in participating in the study. If interested, the individual was contacted by a trained pharmacy doctoral student to verify study eligibility and arrange a home visit. At the home visit, information was collected via self-report on medication use and medical history. Nonadherence, potentially inappropriate prescribing, health literacy, and functional capacity were also assessed. All home visits were conducted between May and July 2002. AB - RESULTS: A total of 100 subjects were interviewed. The mean (SD) age of respondents was 77.5 (8.7) years; 85% were women, 66% were white, 34% black, and 70% lived alone. The mean (SD) number of prescription medications used per patient was 9.6 (4.1). Adequate health literacy, defined as a score > or = 23 (range of possible scores, 0-36) on the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, was documented in only 35% of individuals. Twenty-five percent of the sample (25/100) had reduced functional capacity when evaluated on the Functional Activities Questionnaire, with total scores > or = 10 (range of possible scores, 10-30) indicative of reduced functional ability. Rates of nonadherence, defined as a score of 0 to 3 on the 4-item Morisky instrument, were 53%. When evaluating inappropriate prescribing based on the Beers criteria, 34% of individuals used > or = 1 potentially inappropriate medication. In bivariate analyses, there was a statistically significant relationship between race and number of medications (P < 0.002), adherence (P < 0.001), health literacy status (P < 0.001), and functional capacity (P < 0.027). No differences were noted when examining the effects of age on the same variables. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In this study, older adults residing independently in the community were responsible for managing and taking a considerable number of medications on a daily basis. In addition, inadequate health literacy, poor adherence, and potentially inappropriate medication use were prevalent in this sample. The results also suggest that race may have played an important role in the risk of developing medication-related problems. IS - 1543-5946 IL - 1876-7761 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2005 Sep DC - 20051031 YR - 2005 ED - 20060110 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16257822 <451. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16144881 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - van Mil JW FA - van Mil, J W Foppe IN - van Mil,J W Foppe. Van Mil Consultancy, Margrietlaan 1, 9471 CT Zuidlaren, Netherlands. jwfvmil@planet.nl TI - Pharmaceutical care in community pharmacy: practice and research in the Netherlands. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 39(10):1720-5, 2005 Oct. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 39(10):1720-5, 2005 Oct. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Community Pharmacy Services/ec [Economics] MH - Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Community Pharmacy Services/td [Trends] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Delivery of Health Care/ec [Economics] MH - Delivery of Health Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Delivery of Health Care/td [Trends] MH - *Delivery of Health Care MH - Humans MH - Netherlands MH - Patient Care MH - Professional-Patient Relations AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the pharmaceutical care activities and research in community pharmacy in the Netherlands. AB - FINDINGS: Pharmaceutical care is well advanced in Dutch pharmacy practice. This is largely due to the fact that clinical pharmacy was already an integrated part of community pharmacy practice by the end of the 1980s. Activities of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), some wholesale companies, and influential individuals in the Netherlands stimulated universities and the Royal Society for the Advancement of Pharmacy to advance the implementation of pharmaceutical care. AB - DISCUSSION: Not all pharmacies in the Netherlands provide pharmaceutical care at the same level, although medication surveillance (concurrent and prospective medication analysis) is part of everyday practice. Implementation of quality assurance systems in community pharmacy practice could be helpful in assuring high levels of care. Similar to those in other countries, Dutch pharmacists are torn between the wish to provide pharmaceutical care and economic considerations, although the financial status of most pharmacies is still (very) healthy. New entrants into the market, such as supermarket and pharmacy chains, seem to put little emphasis on care provision. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical care has been implemented in many Dutch community pharmacies, but not everywhere to the same extent. Due to excellent automated medication surveillance; structured, high-quality medication counseling; and the fact that patients usually visit the same pharmacy, Dutch patients are well protected against many drug-related problems. IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20050906 DP - 2005 Oct DC - 20050921 YR - 2005 ED - 20060106 RD - 20061013 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16144881 <452. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16317692 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Larson AM AU - Polson J AU - Fontana RJ AU - Davern TJ AU - Lalani E AU - Hynan LS AU - Reisch JS AU - Schiodt FV AU - Ostapowicz G AU - Shakil AO AU - Lee WM AU - Acute Liver Failure Study Group FA - Larson, Anne M FA - Polson, Julie FA - Fontana, Robert J FA - Davern, Timothy J FA - Lalani, Ezmina FA - Hynan, Linda S FA - Reisch, Joan S FA - Schiodt, Frank V FA - Ostapowicz, George FA - Shakil, A Obaid FA - Lee, William M FA - Acute Liver Failure Study Group IN - Larson,Anne M. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, 98195, USA. amlarson@u.washington.edu TI - Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. CM - Comment in: Hepatology. 2005 Dec;42(6):1252-4; PMID: 16317699 CM - Comment in: Hepatology. 2006 Apr;43(4):881; author reply 882; PMID: 16557559 CM - Comment in: Hepatology. 2006 Apr;43(4):880; author reply 882; PMID: 16557558 CM - Comment in: Gastroenterology. 2006 Sep;131(3):963-4; PMID: 16952567 SO - Hepatology. 42(6):1364-72, 2005 Dec. AS - Hepatology. 42(6):1364-72, 2005 Dec. NJ - Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - gbz, 8302946 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - APACHE MH - *Acetaminophen/po [Poisoning] MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Alcoholism/co [Complications] MH - Drug Overdose MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Liver Failure, Acute/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Liver Failure, Acute/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Liver Failure, Acute/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies AB - Severe acetaminophen hepatotoxicity frequently leads to acute liver failure (ALF). We determined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of acetaminophen-induced ALF at 22 tertiary care centers in the United States. Detailed prospective data were gathered on 662 consecutive patients over a 6-year period fulfilling standard criteria for ALF (coagulopathy and encephalopathy), from which 275 (42%) were determined to result from acetaminophen liver injury. The annual percentage of acetaminophen-related ALF rose during the study from 28% in 1998 to 51% in 2003. Median dose ingested was 24 g (equivalent to 48 extra-strength tablets). Unintentional overdoses accounted for 131 (48%) cases, intentional (suicide attempts) 122 (44%), and 22 (8%) were of unknown intent. In the unintentional group, 38% took two or more acetaminophen preparations simultaneously, and 63% used narcotic-containing compounds. Eighty-one percent of unintentional patients reported taking acetaminophen and/or other analgesics for acute or chronic pain syndromes. Overall, 178 subjects (65%) survived, 74 (27%) died without transplantation, and 23 subjects (8%) underwent liver transplantation; 71% were alive at 3 weeks. Transplant-free survival rate and rate of liver transplantation were similar between intentional and unintentional groups. In conclusion, acetaminophen hepatotoxicity far exceeds other causes of acute liver failure in the United States. Susceptible patients have concomitant depression, chronic pain, alcohol or narcotic use, and/or take several preparations simultaneously. Education of patients, physicians, and pharmacies to limit high-risk use settings is recommended. RN - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen) IS - 0270-9139 IL - 0270-9139 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. NO - R-01 DK58369 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) NO - R-01-DK58639 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) NO - R-03 DK52827 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2005 Dec DC - 20051205 YR - 2005 ED - 20051222 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16317692 <453. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15964889 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Mueller MP AU - Christ T AU - Dobrev D AU - Nitsche I AU - Stehr SN AU - Ravens U AU - Koch T FA - Mueller, M P FA - Christ, T FA - Dobrev, D FA - Nitsche, I FA - Stehr, S N FA - Ravens, U FA - Koch, T IN - Mueller,M P. Interdisciplinary Simulation Centre, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany. michael.mueller@uniklinikum-dresden.de TI - Teaching antiarrhythmic therapy and ECG in simulator-based interdisciplinary undergraduate medical education. SO - British Journal of Anaesthesia. 95(3):300-4, 2005 Sep. AS - Br J Anaesth. 95(3):300-4, 2005 Sep. NJ - British journal of anaesthesia PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372541 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - *Anesthesiology/ed [Education] MH - *Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Consumer Behavior MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/mt [Methods] MH - *Electrocardiography MH - Emergency Medicine/ed [Education] MH - Female MH - Germany MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Manikins MH - Patient Simulation MH - Students, Medical/px [Psychology] MH - *Teaching/mt [Methods] AB - BACKGROUND: Third-year students in the Dresden Medical School Programme undergo a 6 week course 'Basics of Drug Therapy' in a problem-based learning curriculum. As part of this course a practical seminar about antiarrhythmic drugs and ECG was set up. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of a simulator in this course. AB - METHODS: A total of 234 students were randomly allocated to receive instructions with (Group S) or without (Group C [control]) the use of a simulator. After a lecture on antiarrhythmic drugs, arrhythmias were presented to Group S using an advanced life support (ALS) manikin. The students were asked to administer a drug or to defibrillate, and the outcome was shown on the monitor. The students in Group C were presented with ECG charts without a simulator. The course was evaluated by a questionnaire and multiple-choice questions (MCQ) about arrhythmias. AB - RESULTS: We received 222 questionnaires. The content-time ratio was rated almost perfect in both groups, but the students in Group S rated the course better suited to link theory and practice. Students in Group S considered the simulator helpful and a good tool for teaching, and the extra effort to be worthwhile. A significantly higher number of students in Group S preferred electric cardioversion as therapy for ventricular tachycardia. AB - CONCLUSIONS: An ALS manikin can be an effective tool in teaching clinical pharmacology. RN - 0 (Anti-Arrhythmia Agents) IS - 0007-0912 IL - 0007-0912 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English EP - 20050617 DP - 2005 Sep DC - 20050803 YR - 2005 ED - 20050923 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15964889 <454. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16080041 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Agmo A FA - Agmo, A IN - Agmo,A. Department of Psychology, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway. andersa@psyk.uit.no TI - International Behavioral Neuroscience Society - ninth annual meeting. SO - Idrugs. 3(7):743-4, 2000 Jul. AS - Idrugs. 3(7):743-4, 2000 Jul. NJ - IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100883655 CP - England AB - The main thrust of the meeting was, as always, basic research in behavioral neuroscience defined in a broad sense. Learning and memory, feeding and drinking, reward mechanisms, development of the CNS, anxiety and stress were the main topics covered. In a public lecture associated with the meeting, Larry Reid (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA) reviewed the quite compelling evidence in favor of the effectiveness of naltrexone for preventing relapse in former alcoholics. He also presented preclinical data demonstrating the remarkable effects of naltrexone given together with isradipine (Novartis AG) in blocking the rewarding effects of cocaethylene. This combination of drugs could thereby constitute a treatment for alcoholism complicated by cocaine abuse. Of potential therapeutic interest was also the description of the preclinical pharmacology and a phase II trial of a new cholinesterase inhibitor, methanesulfonyl fluoride (University of Texas). The possible physiological functions of sigma opioid receptors and the pharmacological properties of sigma receptor ligands were discussed at one of the symposia. Among the subjects covered were the potential use of sigma1 antagonists in the treatment of cocaine addiction and the efficiency of sigma1 agonists for preventing the decline in cognitive functions associated with old age. IS - 1369-7056 IL - 1369-7056 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2000 Jul DC - 20050804 YR - 2000 ED - 20050920 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=16080041 <455. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15827075 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Paulos CP AU - Nygren CE AU - Celedon C AU - Carcamo CA FA - Paulos, Claudio P FA - Nygren, Carin E Akesson FA - Celedon, Consuelo FA - Carcamo, Carina A IN - Paulos,Claudio P. Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. cpaulos@fasa.cl TI - Impact of a pharmaceutical care program in a community pharmacy on patients with dyslipidemia. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 39(5):939-43, 2005 May. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 39(5):939-43, 2005 May. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Atorvastatin Calcium MH - Chile MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - *Heptanoic Acids/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - *Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Hyperlipidemias/co [Complications] MH - *Hyperlipidemias/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Hypertension/co [Complications] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - *Pyrroles/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Quality of Life AB - BACKGROUND: Inappropriate use of medications is a significant problem in health care today. A possible solution to this problem may be achieved through better control of patients' drug therapy. AB - OBJECTIVE: To design a pharmaceutical care program for dyslipidemic patients within a community pharmacy setting that provides education in the areas of medication compliance and lifestyle modifications, while emphasizing the importance of achieving cholesterol goals to ensure improvement in quality of life. AB - METHODS: Patients at an outpatient pharmacy volunteered to be surveyed for 16 weeks. Although both the intervention and control groups were surveyed, the randomly selected intervention group was interviewed more frequently and more comprehensively. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, weight, risk factors, drug-related problems (DRPs), and quality of life were measured via a survey at the onset of the study and continually measured until the study's conclusion. AB - RESULTS: In the intervention group, 26 DRPs were detected, of which 24 were resolved; in the control group, 26 DRPs were detected, of which 5 were resolved. When comparing initial and final blood cholesterol levels in the intervention group, the mean decrease was 27.0 +/- 41.1 mg/dL (p = 0.0266); in the control group, the average blood cholesterol level decreased by a mean of 1.4 +/- 37.2 mg/dL (p = 0.6624). In the intervention group, the triglyceride level decreased an average of 50.5 +/- 80.3 mg/dL (p = 0.0169), while the control group experienced a mean triglyceride level increase of 29.6 +/- 118.5 mg/dL (p = 0.1435). As a result of the intervention, the quality of life in the intervention group was improved. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Short-term pharmaceutical care plans developed in a retail pharmacy within the proper setting may contribute to improved blood lipid values, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and patients' quality of life. RN - 0 (Heptanoic Acids) RN - 0 (Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Pyrroles) RN - 48A5M73Z4Q (Atorvastatin Calcium) IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English EP - 20050412 DP - 2005 May DC - 20050421 YR - 2005 ED - 20050908 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15827075 <456. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15850892 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Corelli RL AU - Kroon LA AU - Chung EP AU - Sakamoto LM AU - Gundersen B AU - Fenlon CM AU - Hudmon KS FA - Corelli, Robin L FA - Kroon, Lisa A FA - Chung, Eunice P FA - Sakamoto, Leanne M FA - Gundersen, Berit FA - Fenlon, Christine M FA - Hudmon, Karen Suchanek IN - Corelli,Robin L. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, USA. TI - Statewide evaluation of a tobacco cessation curriculum for pharmacy students. SO - Preventive Medicine. 40(6):888-95, 2005 Jun. AS - Prev Med. 40(6):888-95, 2005 Jun. NJ - Preventive medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - pm4, 0322116 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Cohort Studies MH - *Curriculum MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - *Educational Measurement MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation MH - United States AB - BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that healthcare professionals are inadequately trained to treat tobacco use and dependence. Because even brief interventions from clinicians improve patient quit rates, widespread implementation of effective tobacco cessation training programs for health professional students is needed. AB - METHODS: Pharmacy students received 7-8 h of comprehensive tobacco cessation training. Participants completed pre- and post-program surveys assessing perceived overall abilities for cessation counseling, skills for key facets of cessation counseling (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), and self-efficacy for counseling. AB - RESULTS: A total of 493 students (82.3%) completed linkable pre- and post-training evaluations. Self-reported abilities, measured on a five-point scale, increased significantly from 1.89 +/- 0.89 to 3.53 +/- 0.72 (P < 0.001). Twenty-two percent of students rated their overall counseling abilities as good, very good, or excellent before the training versus 94% of students after the training. Eighty-seven percent of students indicated the training will increase the number of patients that they counsel; 97% believed it will increase the quality of their cessation counseling. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive training significantly improved pharmacy students' perceived confidence and ability to provide tobacco cessation counseling. The curriculum is applicable to other health professional training programs and currently is being used to train pharmacy, medical, nursing, and dental students. IS - 0091-7435 IL - 0091-7435 PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - R25 90720 (United States PHS HHS) LG - English DP - 2005 Jun DC - 20050426 YR - 2005 ED - 20050906 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15850892 <457. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15858626 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Galt KA AU - Rule AM AU - Houghton B AU - Young DO AU - Remington G FA - Galt, Kimberly A FA - Rule, Ann M FA - Houghton, Bruce FA - Young, Daniel O FA - Remington, Gina IN - Galt,Kimberly A. Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA. kgalt@creighton.edu TI - Personal digital assistant-based drug information sources: potential to improve medication safety. SO - Journal of the Medical Library Association. 93(2):229-36, 2005 Apr. AS - J Med Libr Assoc. 93(2):229-36, 2005 Apr. NJ - Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101132728 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1082940 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Academic Medical Centers MH - Attitude to Computers MH - *Computers, Handheld/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Information Services/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - Medical Staff, Hospital/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Medication Systems, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Point-of-Care Systems/st [Standards] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVES: This study compared the potential for personal digital assistant (PDA)-based drug information sources to minimize potential medication errors dependent on accurate and complete drug information at the point of care. AB - METHODS: A quality and safety framework for drug information resources was developed to evaluate 11 PDA-based drug information sources. Three drug information sources met the criteria of the framework: Eprocrates Rx Pro, Lexi-Drugs, and mobileMICROMEDEX. Medication error types related to drug information at the point of care were then determined. Forty-seven questions were developed to test the potential of the sources to prevent these error types. Pharmacists and physician experts from Creighton University created these questions based on the most common types of questions asked by primary care providers. Three physicians evaluated the drug information sources, rating the source for each question: 1=no information available, 2=some information available, or 3 = adequate amount of information available. AB - RESULTS: The mean ratings for the drug information sources were: 2.0 (Eprocrates Rx Pro), 2.5 (Lexi-Drugs), and 2.03 (mobileMICROMEDEX). Lexi-Drugs was significantly better (mobileMICROMEDEX t test; P=0.05; Eprocrates Rx Pro t test; P=0.01). AB - CONCLUSION: Lexi-Drugs was found to be the most specific and complete PDA resource available to optimize medication safety by reducing potential errors associated with drug information. No resource was sufficient to address the patient safety information needs for all cases. IS - 1536-5050 IL - 1536-5050 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 1-R18HS11808-01 (United States AHRQ HHS) LG - English DP - 2005 Apr DC - 20050428 YR - 2005 ED - 20050824 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15858626 <458. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16036279 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hudmon KS AU - Bardel K AU - Kroon LA AU - Fenlon CM AU - Corelli RL FA - Hudmon, Karen Suchanek FA - Bardel, Kimberly FA - Kroon, Lisa A FA - Fenlon, Christine M FA - Corelli, Robin L IN - Hudmon,Karen Suchanek. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. karen.hudmon@yale.edu TI - Tobacco education in U.S. schools of pharmacy. SO - Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 7(2):225-32, 2005 Apr. AS - Nicotine Tob Res. 7(2):225-32, 2005 Apr. NJ - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - drz, 9815751 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Curriculum/st [Standards] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/st [Standards] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Health Education/st [Standards] MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Professional Competence/st [Standards] MH - *Schools, Pharmacy/st [Standards] MH - Schools, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Smoking Cessation MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - United States AB - This study is the first to characterize tobacco-related content in pharmacy school curricula in the United States. A national survey mailed to 83 U.S. schools of pharmacy assessed the extent to which tobacco is addressed in required coursework, educational methods of instruction, perceived importance of addressing tobacco in the doctor of pharmacy degree program, perceived adequacy of current levels of tobacco education in curricula, and perceived barriers to enhancing the tobacco-related content. A total of 82 surveys (98.8% response) revealed a median of 170 min of tobacco education throughout the doctor of pharmacy program. The most heavily emphasized topics are aids for cessation, assisting patients with quitting, nicotine pharmacology and principles of addiction, and drug interactions with smoking, yet more than 40% of respondents believed that each of these topics was covered inadequately. Key barriers to enhancing tobacco training are lack of curriculum time and lack of clinical clerkship sites focusing on tobacco interventions. Pharmacy faculty members perceive tobacco cessation training to be important, yet a mismatch exists between the perceived importance and the perceived adequacy of current levels of training in pharmacy school curricula. The results of this study will serve as a baseline measure against which future, parallel assessments will be compared as faculty at schools of pharmacy across the United States work together toward enhancing the tobacco cessation training of student pharmacists. IS - 1462-2203 IL - 1462-2203 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - CA90720 (United States NCI NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2005 Apr DC - 20050722 YR - 2005 ED - 20050818 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16036279 <459. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15991592 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gastfriend DR AU - Rubin A AU - Sharon E AU - Turner WM AU - Anton RF AU - Donovan DM AU - Gorski T AU - Marlatt GA AU - Maisto S AU - Schultz TK AU - Shulman GD FA - Gastfriend, David R FA - Rubin, Amy FA - Sharon, Estee FA - Turner, Winston M FA - Anton, Raymond F FA - Donovan, Dennis M FA - Gorski, Terence FA - Marlatt, G Alan FA - Maisto, Steven FA - Schultz, Terry K FA - Shulman, Gerald D IN - Gastfriend,David R. Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. DGastfriend@Partners.org TI - New constructs and assessments for relapse and continued use potential in the ASAM Patient Placement Criteria. [Review] [47 refs] SO - Journal of Addictive Diseases. 22 Suppl 1:95-111, 2003. AS - J Addict Dis. 22 Suppl 1:95-111, 2003. NJ - Journal of addictive diseases PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - a0y, 9107051 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adaptation, Psychological MH - Aggression MH - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders MH - Humans MH - *Patient Selection MH - Recurrence MH - Reinforcement (Psychology) MH - *Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/ut [Utilization] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - One area of intensive study in recent years in addiction research is the characterization and prediction of relapse risk. Given the growing list of findings and assessment tools in this area, in preparation for the second edition, revised volume of the Patient Placement Criteria (PPC) of the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), a workgroup of the Coalition for National Criteria was assigned the task of creating a revised conceptual organization for Dimension 5: Relapse/Continued Use Potential. The workgroup conducted a review of the previous Dimension 5 constructs and criteria, including a decision analysis of the previous Dimension 5 decision rules. Following that analysis, field data from the ASAM Criteria Validity Study at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School were analyzed from a large cohort of public and indigent patients in eastern Massachusetts. After determining the concurrent validity of the Dimension 5 decision rules and their limitations, the decision rules were rewritten to gain improved validity. This exercise revealed techniques that can and should be used to improve the discrimination of levels of care among all Dimensions. Finally, the workgroup expanded and refined the constructs that should comprise a revised Dimension 5. This revised list of constructs is sequential and hierarchical. It offers face validity on several levels of current basic and clinical research knowledge: behavioral pharmacology, behavioral psychology, learning theory and psychopathology. While the Second Edition-Revised volume of the ASAM PPC (PPC-2R) does not go so far as to propose final decision rules for Dimension 5 based on these new constructs, it does recommend pilot adoption of several new assessment tools for this dimension and provides the framework incorporating those constructs and assessments in the next complete PPC edition. [References: 47] IS - 1055-0887 IL - 1055-0887 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - K24-DA00427 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01-DA08781 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2003 DC - 20050704 YR - 2003 ED - 20050804 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=15991592 <460. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15853440 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Edwards IR FA - Edwards, I Ralph IN - Edwards,I Ralph. The Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden. ralph.edwards@who-umc.org TI - The WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety: a new challenge or an old one neglected?. SO - Drug Safety. 28(5):379-86, 2005. AS - Drug Saf. 28(5):379-86, 2005. NJ - Drug safety PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ahq, 9002928 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Consumer Product Safety/st [Standards] MH - Delivery of Health Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Delivery of Health Care/st [Standards] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Humans MH - *International Agencies/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *World Health Organization AB - The WHO World Alliance on Patient Safety is a new, all encompassing project to improve medical care. Individual patients are the focus and all countries are encouraged to develop systems in which medical error, therapeutic accidents and failures are minimised. The potential for adverse events is present at all levels of healthcare and in all disciplines. One working group in the Alliance is charged with promoting and developing a 'reporting and learning' culture for adverse events in all areas of medical care. Central to current thinking for this group is a no-fault approach and to report near misses. The aim is not to provide certainty over the individual events, but rather to draw attention to possible improvements in systems that may prevent future problems. Adverse events relating to drug therapy have been reported for decades to national pharmacovigilance authorities, but this is aimed at finding problems with the drugs themselves as early as possible. The Alliance approach in the area of drug safety, by contrast, has a greater focus on safety in the systems of drug provision (including prescription and dispensing) and other systematic issues relating to safe drug provision, such as fraudulent drugs. Thus, current pharmacovigilance can be seen as representing a part of the reporting and learning envisaged by the Alliance. The two approaches are also complementary, but there are practical and philosophical areas of overlap in which difficulties may occur, such as anonymised reporting in a no-fault system and consequent impossibility for follow-up. In pharmacovigilance follow-up for more information is regarded as essential. Whether pharmacovigilance broadens into the area of patient safety or the latter involves completely new systems to do its work will be a matter for each country to consider. One thing is certain, working together both systems will improve patient care, but without cooperation more bureaucracy will take valuable health professional time with a lesser result. IS - 0114-5916 IL - 0114-5916 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2005 DC - 20050427 YR - 2005 ED - 20050802 RD - 20141117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15853440 <461. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15730119 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Smith KM AU - Romanelli F FA - Smith, Kelly M FA - Romanelli, Frank IN - Smith,Kelly M. Drug Information Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536-0293, USA. ksmit1@email.uky.edu TI - Recreational use and misuse of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. [Review] [56 refs] SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 45(1):63-72; quiz 73-5, 2005 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 45(1):63-72; quiz 73-5, 2005 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Recreation MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterize the rationale for and extent of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor use in recreational settings, describe risks from such misuse, and discuss postexposure clinical management strategies. AB - DATA SOURCES: Published articles identified by searches through Medline, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Toxline, from 1990 to March 2004, using the search terms sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, abuse, overdose, adverse effects, recreational, and street drugs. Additional references identified within articles and information from the Internet were included. AB - STUDY SELECTION: Clinical trials, epidemiologic reviews, case reports, and news releases concerning the misuse of sildenafil. AB - DATA EXTRACTION: By the authors. AB - DATA SYNTHESIS: PDE5 inhibitors, indicated for treatment of erectile dysfunction, can produce several adverse effects, including potentially fatal cardiovascular events. Reports of recreational use and misuse of sildenafil appear in the medical literature and the media. The potential for abuse also exists for the two more recently approved drugs in this class, vardenafil and tadalafil. Increasing access to these drugs via the Internet may facilitate such misuse. Use in social settings has gained popularity, both in young, healthy patients, as well as those with chronic medical conditions, including human immunodeficiency virus infections. In these settings, the PDE5 inhibitors are sometimes used concomitantly with "club drugs" such as ketamine and amyl nitrite, leading to potentially harmful or fatal drug interactions. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists should be cognizant of the potential for PDE5 inhibitors to be misused, particularly in patients who are at greater risk of cardiovascular complications, and should advise patients and other health care professionals accordingly. [References: 56] RN - 0 (Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors) IS - 1544-3191 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2005 Jan-Feb DC - 20050225 YR - 2005 ED - 20050725 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15730119 <462. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15898850 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Olson PM AU - Pacheco MR FA - Olson, Patricia M FA - Pacheco, Mary Rae IN - Olson,Patricia M. Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA. TI - Bipolar disorder in school-age children. [Review] [26 refs] SO - Journal of School Nursing. 21(3):152-7, 2005 Jun. AS - J Sch Nurs. 21(3):152-7, 2005 Jun. NJ - The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bgs, 9206498 SB - Nursing Journal CP - United States MH - *Antipsychotic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Bipolar Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Bipolar Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Bipolar Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Bipolar Disorder/nu [Nursing] MH - Bipolar Disorder/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Child MH - Child Behavior/px [Psychology] MH - *Child Welfare MH - Humans MH - Nursing Assessment/mt [Methods] MH - Prevalence MH - Psychology, Child MH - *School Health Services/st [Standards] MH - School Nursing/mt [Methods] MH - *School Nursing/st [Standards] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - This article examines the individual components of bipolar disorder in children and the behaviors that can escalate as a result of misdiagnosis and treatment. The brain/behavior relationship in bipolar disorders can be affected by genetics, developmental failure, or environmental influences, which can cause an onset of dramatic mood swings and dysfunctional behavior. School is often the site where mental health disorders are observed when comparing behaviors with other children. Assessing the emotional, academic, and health needs of a student with a bipolar disorder is a critical step in designing effective interventions and school accommodations. Without appropriate medical, psychological, pharmaceutical, and academic interventions, a child is at risk for uncontrolled mania, depression, substance abuse, or suicide. The school nurse is part of the multidisciplinary team and plays a key role in facilitating case management to potentially reverse this possible negative trajectory. Successful case management provides children with bipolar disorder the opportunity to reach their academic potential. [References: 26] RN - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents) IS - 1059-8405 IL - 1059-8405 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2005 Jun DC - 20050518 YR - 2005 ED - 20050715 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15898850 <463. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15446775 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Zehnder S AU - Beutler M AU - Bruppacher R AU - Ehrenhofer T AU - Hersberger KE FA - Zehnder, Simon FA - Beutler, Marianne FA - Bruppacher, Rudolf FA - Ehrenhofer, Thomas FA - Hersberger, Kurt E IN - Zehnder,Simon. Institute for Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. szehnder@datacomm.ch TI - Needs and use of drug information sources in community pharmacies: a questionnaire based survey in German-speaking Switzerland. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 26(4):197-202, 2004 Aug. AS - Pharm World Sci. 26(4):197-202, 2004 Aug. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Drug Information Services/cl [Classification] MH - *Drug Information Services/td [Trends] MH - *Drug Information Services/ut [Utilization] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Germany/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - Internet MH - *Pharmacies/td [Trends] MH - Random Allocation MH - Societies, Pharmaceutical/td [Trends] MH - *Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Switzerland/eh [Ethnology] AB - OBJECTIVES: To explore the types of drug information used by pharmacists in daily practice, their needs and wishes concerning drug information and their opinions about future changes of pharmacy practice. AB - METHODS: Postal survey to a random sample of 223 (26% out of 859) community pharmacies from the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The 48-item questionnaires were processed automatically with the Cardiff TELEform-Software. In addition, a telephone-survey to a random sample of 20 non-responders was performed in order to test for non-response bias. AB - RESULTS: A total of 108 pharmacists (response rate 48%) reported that the official Swiss drug reference book is still the most popular source of drug information used to solve all kinds of drug related problems. The Internet as a source of drug information is of minor importance, even though 88% of the pharmacies have Internet access. Deficits in drug information were reported for paediatrics, phytotherapy, drugs during pregnancy/lactation and for therapy guidelines. According to 35% of the pharmacists, the importance of offering drug information to customers will increase in the future. Most of the pharmacists are not afraid that Internet pharmacies would replace them. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the majority of the community pharmacists are only partially satisfied with the sources of drug information currently available. The Internet still plays a minor role for solving drug-related problems in daily practice, even though the available infrastructure makes the community pharmacies able to use the Internet more frequently. The pharmacists need more websites tailored to their needs. The pharmacists have clear visions about possible future developments. They do, however, have to adopt quickly to the changes ahead in order to remain competitive. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2004 Aug DC - 20040927 YR - 2004 ED - 20050526 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15446775 <464. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15564889 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dick DM AU - Nurnberger JI Jr FA - Dick, Danielle M FA - Nurnberger, John I Jr IN - Dick,Danielle M. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-4887, USA. TI - Molecular psychiatry meeting, February 2003, Lake Louise, Canada. SO - Psychiatric Genetics. 14(4):183-6, 2004 Dec. AS - Psychiatr Genet. 14(4):183-6, 2004 Dec. NJ - Psychiatric genetics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9106748 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Anxiety Disorders/ge [Genetics] MH - Child MH - Humans MH - *Mental Disorders/ge [Genetics] MH - Molecular Biology MH - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis MH - Psychiatry MH - Schizophrenia/ge [Genetics] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ge [Genetics] AB - The 10th Annual Molecular Psychiatry Conference was held in Lake Louise, Canada on 23-25 February 2003. The host was Bill Byerley (University of California, Irvine, California, USA), and the meeting was supported by Janssen Pharmaceutica and the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. IS - 0955-8829 IL - 0955-8829 PT - Congresses LG - English DP - 2004 Dec DC - 20041126 YR - 2004 ED - 20050524 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15564889 <465. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15767242 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Roth MT AU - Andrus MR AU - Westman EC FA - Roth, Mary T FA - Andrus, Miranda R FA - Westman, Eric C IN - Roth,Mary T. Division of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. mroth@unc.edu TI - Outcomes from an outpatient smoking-cessation clinic. SO - Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 25(2):279-88, 2005 Feb. AS - Pharmacotherapy. 25(2):279-88, 2005 Feb. NJ - Pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - par, 8111305 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Ambulatory Care Facilities MH - *Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nicotine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Nicotine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Nicotinic Agonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Nicotinic Agonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the success of an outpatient smoking-cessation clinic by assessing smoking abstinence rates and factors associated with lower abstinence rates. We also sought to determine whether smoking abstinence rates differed among various smoking-cessation products. AB - METHODS: Patients were referred by primary care providers to a pharmacist-managed smoking-cessation clinic. Patients received tailored behavioral counseling, educational materials, and drug therapy consisting of sustained-release (SR) bupropion; nicotine patch, inhaler, or nasal spray; or combination therapy. Patients were monitored by phone or clinic visit for 6 months, if possible. Outcomes assessed were abstinence (both point prevalence and continuous abstinence) and adverse effects. Patients lost to follow-up were assumed to be smoking. AB - RESULTS: Over 2 years, 198 patients were enrolled in the program. At the initial visit, 35.4% received the patch, 32.8% bupropion SR, 18.2% a combination of patch plus inhaler, 9.6% inhaler alone, and fewer than 5% other therapies. At 6 weeks, a statistically significant difference was observed in continuous abstinence rates between the nicotine patch versus bupropion SR groups (22.9% vs 7.7%, p=0.02) and between the combination patch-inhaler versus bupropion SR groups (25% vs 7.7%, p=0.02). However, this difference was not significant beyond the 6-week visit. A trend toward higher abstinence rates was noted at 6 weeks in the nicotine patch-inhaler versus the other treatment groups, possibly suggesting the need for more intense treatment regimens with combination therapy. Point prevalence abstinence rates after 12 weeks were 18.6%, 15.4%, 22.2% and 21.1% respectively, for the patch, bupropion SR, patchinhaler, and inhaler alone treatment groups. The corresponding continuous abstinence rates were 10.0%, 3.1%, 11.1%, and 10.5%. AB - CONCLUSION: Although statistically significant differences between products were noted at 6 weeks, no sustained difference in smoking abstinence rates was observed between products. At 6 months, point prevalence and continuous abstinence rates were small, but the decline in success noted over time and the limited overall success rates are consistent with rates for the United States. Our findings suggest that when smokers are assisted in quitting, initial contact as well as follow-up evaluation and monitoring must be intense and sustained to increase the likelihood of successful abstinence. Tobacco dependence is clearly a chronic condition warranting repeated treatment and monitoring until continuous abstinence is achieved. RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation) RN - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0277-0008 IL - 0277-0008 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2005 Feb DC - 20050315 YR - 2005 ED - 20050517 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15767242 <466. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15841891 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McDonough RP AU - Doucette WR AU - Kumbera P AU - Klepser DG FA - McDonough, Randy P FA - Doucette, William R FA - Kumbera, Patty FA - Klepser, Donald G IN - McDonough,Randy P. The University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. TI - An evaluation of managing and educating patients on the risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. SO - Value in Health. 8(1):24-31, 2005 Jan-Feb. AS - Value Health. 8(1):24-31, 2005 Jan-Feb. NJ - Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100883818 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Bone Density MH - Calcium/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Calcium, Dietary/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Diphosphonates/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Monitoring/mt [Methods] MH - Drug Monitoring/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Monitoring MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Estrogen Replacement Therapy MH - Exercise MH - Female MH - *Glucocorticoids/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - Iowa MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Osteoporosis/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Osteoporosis/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Osteoporosis/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Pamphlets MH - *Patient Education as Topic/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacies/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Prednisone/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Program Evaluation MH - Risk Factors MH - Self Care AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of risk management activities on patient risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. AB - METHODS: Ninety-six adult patients taking chronic glucocorticoid therapy in 15 community pharmacies. Patients in the control group received usual and customary care. Patients in the treatment pharmacies received education and an educational pamphlet about the risks of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In addition, the treatment group pharmacists monitored the patients' drug therapy, to identify and address drug-related problems. Data including the glucocorticoid taken by the patient, medications, and osteoporosis risk factors were collected at baseline and after 9 months of monitoring, via Web-based survey completed in the pharmacy. Using an intent to treat approach, the pre-post frequency changes were compared with contrasts for presence of bisphosphonate therapy, presence of estrogen therapy, presence of calcium supplement, discussion of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis risk, discussion of bone density test, presence of bone mineral density test, reported inactivity, and reported low calcium diet. AB - RESULTS: The contrast was significant in favor of the treatment pharmacies for the frequency of patients taking a calcium supplement (Control [-6.9%] vs. Treatment [17.1%], P < 0.05). No other contrast was significant. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Community pharmacists are capable of increasing calcium supplementation among patients at risk for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Pharmacists who educate at-risk patients can impact the self-care of these patients. RN - 0 (Calcium, Dietary) RN - 0 (Diphosphonates) RN - 0 (Glucocorticoids) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) RN - VB0R961HZT (Prednisone) IS - 1098-3015 IL - 1098-3015 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2005 Jan-Feb DC - 20050421 YR - 2005 ED - 20050510 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15841891 <467. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15701777 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vacca C AU - Orozco J AU - Figueras A AU - Capella D FA - Vacca, Claudia FA - Orozco, Jose FA - Figueras, Albert FA - Capella, Dolors IN - Vacca,Claudia. Training Program in International Health; Essential Vaccines and Health Technologies Unit; Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization; 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037-2825, USA. cvaquis@hotmail.com TI - Assessment of risks related to medicine dispensing by nonprofessionals in Colombia: clinical case simulations. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 39(3):527-32, 2005 Mar. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 39(3):527-32, 2005 Mar. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards] MH - Colombia MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Education, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Education, Continuing/st [Standards] MH - Educational Status MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Health Personnel/cl [Classification] MH - Health Personnel/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Health Personnel/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - Patient Simulation MH - Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards] MH - Risk Assessment AB - BACKGROUND: Appropriate dispensing is one of the steps for rational drug use, so it is generally advised that the dispenser should have relevant and updated knowledge, skills, and attitudes. AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess pharmacies and nonprofessional employees' (NEs) skills and knowledge, as well as their response to several specific case simulations in Bogota, Colombia. AB - METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on a random sample of 371 pharmacies in Bogota. Information from each pharmacy was obtained using 2 approaches: (1) direct interview to collect data on organizational aspects of the store and characteristics of NEs, and (2) simulation (both by direct interview and by telephone) to assess dispensing responses in 6 simulated clinical cases. AB - RESULTS: More than half of the simulated clinical situations resulted in inappropriate dispensing (direct simulations 57%; telephone simulations 55%). The proportion of correct answers to theoretical questions regarding a specific therapeutic problem during interviews was higher than the response when a simulation presented that same case and a dispensing act was expected. The educational background of the NEs included in the study points to a specific problem: two-thirds of the individuals selling medicines had completed only secondary-level education and only 2% of the sample had a pharmacist as technical director. Continuing education courses were either directly organized by drug manufacturers (one-third of the courses attended by pharmacists) or sponsored by them (more than an additional one-third). AB - CONCLUSIONS: NEs should be considered part of the therapeutic chain and, if appropriately updated or instructed, could play a very important role in the always difficult promotion of rational drug use. Public health institutions and universities should be more actively involved in the provision of independent, unbiased, and essential information on common therapeutic problems, safety concerns, and new drug prescription restrictions. IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20050208 DP - 2005 Mar DC - 20050224 YR - 2005 ED - 20050506 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15701777 <468. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15683106 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Paulino EI AU - Bouvy ML AU - Gastelurrutia MA AU - Guerreiro M AU - Buurma H AU - ESCP-SIR Rejkjavik Community Pharmacy Research Group FA - Paulino, Ema I FA - Bouvy, Marcel L FA - Gastelurrutia, Miguel A FA - Guerreiro, Mara FA - Buurma, Henk FA - ESCP-SIR Rejkjavik Community Pharmacy Research Group IN - Paulino,Ema I. SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice Research, Theda Mansholtstraat 5B, 2331 JE Leiden, The Netherlands. TI - Drug related problems identified by European community pharmacists in patients discharged from hospital. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 26(6):353-60, 2004 Dec. AS - Pharm World Sci. 26(6):353-60, 2004 Dec. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Aged MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Europe MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Patient Discharge/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Patients/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - INTRODUCTION: Drug related problems (DRPs) are perceived to occur frequently when patients are discharged from the hospital. Community pharmacists' interventions to detect, prevent and solve DRPs in this population are scarcely studied. AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the nature and frequency of DRPs in community pharmacies among patients discharged from hospitals in several countries, and to examine several variables related to these drug related problems. AB - METHOD: The study was performed in 112 community pharmacies in Europe: Austria, Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Community pharmacists asked patients with a prescription after discharge from hospital between February and April 2001 to participate in the study. A patient questionnaire was used to identify drug related problems. Pharmacists documented drug related problems, pharmacy interventions, type of prescriber and patient and pharmacy variables. AB - RESULTS: 435 patients were included in the study. Drug related problems were identified in 277 patients (63.7%). Uncertainty or lack of knowledge about the aim or function of the drug (133; 29.5%) and side effects (105; 23.3%) were the most common DRPs. Practical problems were reported 56 times (12.4%) by patients. Pharmacists revealed 108 problems (24.0%) concerning dosage, drug duplication, drug interactions and prescribing errors. Patients with more changes in their drug regimens (drugs being stopped, new drugs started or dosage modifications) and using more drugs were more likely to develop DRPs. Community pharmacists recorded 305 interventions in 205 patients with DRPs. Pharmacists intervened mostly by patient medication counselling (39.0%) and practical instruction to the patient (17.7%). In 26.2% the intervention was directed towards the prescriber. In 28 cases (9.2%) the pharmacists' intervention led to a change of the drug regimen. AB - CONCLUSION: This study shows that a systematic intervention by community pharmacists in discharged patients, or their proxies, is able to reveal a high number of DRPs that might be relevant for patient health outcomes. There should be more initiatives to insure continuity of care, since DRPs after discharge from hospital seem to be very common. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Dec DC - 20050201 YR - 2004 ED - 20050421 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15683106 <469. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15715735 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sahhar D AU - O'Connor D FA - Sahhar, Deborah FA - O'Connor, Daniel IN - Sahhar,Deborah. Caulfield General Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. TI - How well do Australian medical schools prepare general practitioners to care for patients with mental disorders?. SO - Australasian Psychiatry. 12(1):26-30, 2004 Mar. AS - Australas. psychiatry. 12(1):26-30, 2004 Mar. NJ - Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9613603 SB - Index Medicus CP - Australia MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Australia MH - Clinical Competence/st [Standards] MH - Counseling/ed [Education] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate MH - *Family Practice/ed [Education] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Mental Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Middle Aged MH - Primary Health Care/ut [Utilization] MH - *Psychiatry/ed [Education] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Quality Control AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present paper was to map the mental health workloads of general practitioners (GPs) , and to determine GPs' views of the adequacy of their undergraduate training in psychiatry. AB - METHODS: Twenty-nine GPs who had graduated since 1980 from an Australian medical school provided data on 339 consecutive adult patients with conspicuous psychological disorders. After listing their patients' problems and management plans, doctors rated the value of their undergraduate teaching in preparing them for this task. AB - RESULTS: Depression, anxiety and substance abuse accounted for 71% of reported cases. Virtually all patients were given some psychologically orientated treatment. Only half were prescribed a psychotropic medication. Nineteen of the 29 doctors wished that they had received more training in counselling. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In an earlier survey it was found that Australian and New Zealand medical school curricula focused largely on the diagnosis and pharmacological management of psychosis and depression. The GPs in the present study most commonly applied psychologically orientated treatments of anxiety, depression and substance abuse. It is proposed that medical schools provide tuition to medical students in counselling. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 1039-8562 IL - 1039-8562 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Mar DC - 20050217 YR - 2004 ED - 20050411 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15715735 <470. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15220753 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Westmaas JL AU - Brandon TH FA - Westmaas, J Lee FA - Brandon, Thomas H IN - Westmaas,J Lee. Department of Psychology, University at Stony Brook, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2500, USA. Johann.Westmaas@sunysb.edu TI - Reducing risk in smokers. [Review] [54 refs] SO - Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 10(4):284-8, 2004 Jul. AS - Curr Opin Pulm Med. 10(4):284-8, 2004 Jul. NJ - Current opinion in pulmonary medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cn1, 9503765 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Chewing Gum MH - Counseling/mt [Methods] MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Lung Neoplasms/et [Etiology] MH - *Lung Neoplasms/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Nicotine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Nicotine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Risk Reduction Behavior MH - *Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Smoking Cessation MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For smokers who want to quit, nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion are frequently recommended. Currently, disagreement surrounds the extent of risk reduction from quitting, the consequences of the change of nicotine replacement therapy to over-the-counter status, and the safety and efficacy of new tobacco products being marketed by tobacco companies. This article reviews the current evidence relevant to these and other developments in smoking interventions and describes the most effective strategies that smokers can use to reduce their risk. AB - RECENT FINDINGS: Although it may take approximately 10 to 30 years of abstinence for former smokers' risk of lung cancer to reach that of never smokers, quitting at any time is substantially less risky than continuing to smoke. Quitting after diagnosis also prolongs survival. Bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy are effective pharmacotherapies, doubling quit rates compared with self-quitting. However, many users of over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy are using it inappropriately. More research is needed to determine the long-term health effects of modified tobacco products and their efficacy in helping smokers quit. Switching to "low tar" filter cigarettes to reduce lung cancer risk, however, is clearly ineffective. The most effective interventions for quitting continue to be a combination of behavioral and pharmacologic approaches. AB - SUMMARY: Health care practitioners should encourage all smokers to attempt cessation and emphasize pharmacotherapy as an important aid to quitting. Professionals who educate patients on the appropriate use of pharmacotherapy and follow-up on smokers' attempts to quit will help reduce the societal burden and personal risks of smoking. [References: 54] RN - 0 (Chewing Gum) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 1070-5287 IL - 1070-5287 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2004 Jul DC - 20040628 YR - 2004 ED - 20050303 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15220753 <471. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15728166 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Das AK AU - Olfson M AU - Gameroff MJ AU - Pilowsky DJ AU - Blanco C AU - Feder A AU - Gross R AU - Neria Y AU - Lantigua R AU - Shea S AU - Weissman MM FA - Das, Amar K FA - Olfson, Mark FA - Gameroff, Marc J FA - Pilowsky, Daniel J FA - Blanco, Carlos FA - Feder, Adriana FA - Gross, Raz FA - Neria, Yuval FA - Lantigua, Rafael FA - Shea, Steven FA - Weissman, Myrna M IN - Das,Amar K. Division of Clinical and Genetic Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA. TI - Screening for bipolar disorder in a primary care practice. SO - JAMA. 293(8):956-63, 2005 Feb 23. AS - JAMA. 293(8):956-63, 2005 Feb 23. NJ - JAMA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 7501160 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Bipolar Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - Bipolar Disorder/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Bipolar Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - *Family Practice MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Socioeconomic Factors AB - CONTEXT: Bipolar disorder consists of episodes of manic and depressive symptoms. Efforts to screen for depression in a primary care setting without assessment of past manic symptoms can lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. AB - OBJECTIVES: To screen for bipolar disorder in adult primary care patients and to examine its clinical presentation and effect on functioning. AB - DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A systematic sample of 1157 patients between 18 and 70 years of age who were seeking primary care at an urban general medicine clinic serving a low-income population. The study was conducted between December 2001 and January 2003. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of bipolar disorder, its treatment and patient functioning. Study measures included the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form health survey, the Sheehan Disability Scale, data on past mental health treatments, and a review of medical records and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for each visit dating from 6 months prior to the screening day. AB - RESULTS: The prevalence of receiving positive screening results for lifetime bipolar disorder was 9.8% (n = 112; 95% confidence interval, 8.0%-11.5%) and did not differ significantly by age, sex, or race/ethnicity. Eighty-one patients (72.3%) who screened positive for bipolar disorder sought professional help for their symptoms, but only 9 (8.4%) reported receiving a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Seventy-five patients (68.2%) who screened positive for bipolar disorder had a current major depressive episode or an anxiety or substance use disorder. Of 112 patients, only 7 (6.5%) reported taking a mood-stabilizing agent in the past month. Primary care physicians recorded evidence of current depression in 47 patients (49.0%) who screened positive for bipolar disorder, but did not record a bipolar disorder diagnosis either in administrative billing or the medical record of any of these patients. Patients who screened positive for bipolar disorder reported worse health-related quality of life as well as increased social and family life impairment compared with those who screened negative. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In an urban general medicine clinic, a positive screen for bipolar disorder appears to be common, clinically significant, and underrecognized. Because of the risks associated with treating bipolar disorder with antidepressant monotherapy, efforts are needed to educate primary care physicians about the screening, management, and pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorders. ES - 1538-3598 IL - 0098-7484 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LG - English DP - 2005 Feb 23 DC - 20050224 YR - 2005 ED - 20050301 RD - 20140917 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15728166 <472. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15673210 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nahaczewski AE AU - Fowler SB AU - Hariharan S FA - Nahaczewski, Ann E FA - Fowler, Susan B FA - Hariharan, S IN - Nahaczewski,Ann E. Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. TI - Dexamethasone therapy in patients with brain tumors--a focus on tapering. [Review] [21 refs] SO - Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 36(6):340-3, 2004 Dec. AS - J Neurosci Nurs. 36(6):340-3, 2004 Dec. NJ - The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ij6, 8603596 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - United States MH - *Brain Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Brain Neoplasms/nu [Nursing] MH - *Dexamethasone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Dexamethasone/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Glucocorticoids/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Glucocorticoids/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/nu [Nursing] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Administration of corticosteriods in brain tumor patients requires an understanding of the physiology of the adrenal system and desired patient response. Close attention to other concomitant medications will ensure adequate amounts of all drugs, including dexamethasone. Nurses need to assess patients' tolerance of dexamethasone, discuss these findings with physicians and pharmacists, and educate both patients and family members on doses and tapering schedules tailored to individual patient needs. [References: 21] RN - 0 (Glucocorticoids) RN - 7S5I7G3JQL (Dexamethasone) IS - 0888-0395 IL - 0888-0395 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2004 Dec DC - 20050127 YR - 2004 ED - 20050225 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15673210 <473. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15518668 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fulk LJ AU - Kane BE AU - Phillips KD AU - Bopp CM AU - Hand GA FA - Fulk, L J FA - Kane, B E FA - Phillips, K D FA - Bopp, C M FA - Hand, G A IN - Fulk,L J. Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 1300 Wheat Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. TI - Depression in HIV-infected patients: allopathic, complementary, and alternative treatments. [Review] [123 refs] SO - Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 57(4):339-51, 2004 Oct. AS - J Psychosom Res. 57(4):339-51, 2004 Oct. NJ - Journal of psychosomatic research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0376333, juv SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Acupuncture Therapy MH - Anti-HIV Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Anti-HIV Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Antidepressive Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Complementary Therapies MH - Depressive Disorder, Major/di [Diagnosis] MH - Depressive Disorder, Major/px [Psychology] MH - *Depressive Disorder, Major/th [Therapy] MH - Drug Interactions MH - HIV Infections/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *HIV Infections/px [Psychology] MH - Humans MH - Massage MH - Psychotherapy AB - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review article is to synthesize the current knowledge related to depression and HIV disease. AB - METHODS: The research literature was critically evaluated for several selected therapies that are prescribed for HIV-infected persons to treat depression. These therapies included pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, alternative, and complementary therapies. AB - RESULTS: Several therapies are currently available for the treatment of depression in HIV disease. When prescribing treatments, clinicians should be aware of problems associated with diagnoses, drug-drug interactions, and the benefits of some of the new therapies that are now available. Treatment regimes should be carefully designed to meet the individual needs of the patient and will optimally include a combination of approaches including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, education, and/or complementary therapies. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Although HIV is now a treatable disease, the prevalence of depression in the HIV population remains high and should be continually addressed. [References: 123] RN - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents) RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) IS - 0022-3999 IL - 0022-3999 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2004 Oct DC - 20041102 YR - 2004 ED - 20050223 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15518668 <474. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15637853 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dent LA AU - Scott JG AU - Lewis E FA - Dent, Larry A FA - Scott, Jesse G FA - Lewis, Evan IN - Dent,Larry A. School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-1522, USA. larry.dent@umontana.edu TI - Pharmacist-managed tobacco cessation program in Veterans Health Administration community-based outpatient clinic. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 44(6):700-14; quiz 714-5, 2004 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 44(6):700-14; quiz 714-5, 2004 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Ambulatory Care Facilities MH - Bupropion/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Motivation MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - Program Development MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Tobacco Use Cessation/px [Psychology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - Treatment Outcome MH - United States MH - United States Department of Veterans Affairs MH - Veterans/px [Psychology] MH - *Veterans AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe an ongoing pharmacist-managed tobacco cessation clinic and assess the long-term effectiveness of the program. AB - SETTING: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) community-based outpatient clinic in Missoula, Montana. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Pharmacy professor/clinical pharmacy specialist, advanced pharmacy practice experience students, and tobacco cessation participants. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Ongoing, pharmacist-managed tobacco cessation program offered to veterans. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: With use of the "Vets without Cigarettes" program developed by the Montana VHA and the most current strategies reported in the literature, the clinical pharmacy specialist and pharmacy students provide tobacco cessation services for Missoula Veterans Affairs Primary Care Center veterans. Activities include a three-session program using the Transtheoretical Model of Change, tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy, behavioral strategies, cognitive techniques, documentation, and follow-up survey. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage of veterans contacted reporting tobacco abstinence. AB - RESULTS: Follow-up survey results were obtained for 130 (87.8%) of 148 veterans attending one or more sessions of the tobacco cessation class between November 1999 and December 2003. Of the 130 veterans contacted, 54 (41.5%) continued to be tobacco free. AB - CONCLUSION: This program demonstrates that pharmacists are effective providers of tobacco cessation services. Furthermore, a comprehensive tobacco cessation program is provided that can serve as a model to guide pharmacists in assisting more patients to become tobacco free and live healthier lifestyles. RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) IS - 1544-3191 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Nov-Dec DC - 20050110 YR - 2004 ED - 20050204 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15637853 <475. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15637851 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kenna GA AU - Wood MD FA - Kenna, George A FA - Wood, Mark D IN - Kenna,George A. Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA. George_Kenna@Brown.edu TI - Prevalence of substance use by pharmacists and other health professionals. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 44(6):684-93, 2004 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 44(6):684-93, 2004 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - *Health Personnel/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Prevalence MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - OBJECTIVES: To assess substance use, misuse, and abuse rates across a representative sample of dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and physicians; compare these rates to available general population data; and determine whether pharmacists report disproportionate unauthorized or illicit substance use. AB - DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive self-report survey. AB - SETTING: A small northeastern state. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Stratified random sample of dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and physicians. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Mailed 7-page survey. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic characteristics; lifetime, past-year, and month prevalence of substance use; frequency of use; drug-related dysfunctions; drug misuse; and abuse potential. AB - RESULTS: Six contacts with participants in the summer 2002 resulted in a 68.7% response rate. More than one half (58.7%) of pharmacists reported using a nonprescribed drug at least once in their lifetime. Though total illicit drug use rates by pharmacists were not noticeably different from those of other health professional (HP) groups, a greater proportion of pharmacists reported lifetime use of minor opiates, anxiolytics, and stimulants. Past-year prevalence of drug use was highest among pharmacists (12.8%). Except for anxiolytics, past-year prevalence of use of most other medications by pharmacists was slightly greater than prevalence of use rates reported by physicians and more prevalent than use rates reported in the general population. As with the other HP groups, pharmacists reported low levels of substance-associated dysfunctions and potential abuse. AB - CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that lifetime nonprescribed drug use by pharmacists does not appear to be disproportionate when compared with other groups of HPs. Specific drug use rates varied across HP groups, possibly suggesting medication access facilitates drug-associated experiences by HPs. Consequently, unauthorized or illicit substance use by HPs, including pharmacists, suggests the need for more intensive educational programs on practitioner impairment. IS - 1544-3191 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Nov-Dec DC - 20050110 YR - 2004 ED - 20050204 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15637851 <476. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14722623 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rangachari PK FA - Rangachari, P K IN - Rangachari,P K. Intestinal Diseases Research Programme, McMaster University, Room HSC 3N5C, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8 N 3Z5, Canada. chari@mcmaster.ca TI - Exploring the context of drug use: a problem-based learning course in pharmacoepidemiology for undergraduate science students. SO - Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology. 369(2):184-91, 2004 Feb. AS - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 369(2):184-91, 2004 Feb. NJ - Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ntq, 0326264 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Biology/ed [Education] MH - Curriculum MH - Education, Professional/mt [Methods] MH - Educational Measurement MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacoepidemiology/ed [Education] MH - Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - *Problem-Based Learning/mt [Methods] MH - Program Evaluation MH - Students MH - Teaching/mt [Methods] AB - The teaching of pharmacoepidemiology has been largely confined to health care professionals and graduate students. This paper reports an attempt to use problem-based learning (PBL) to teach the elements of that discipline to undergraduate science students. Carefully sequenced problems led students to consider the following issues: the terms used in epidemiology, merits and demerits of different epidemiological study designs, pharmacovigilance, the nature of evidence in law and science, economic evaluation of drugs and the use of drugs in different cultures. The 12-week course was taken by students in their final term prior to graduation. Multiple evaluation procedures were used: specific forms for assessing tutorial participation, individual explorations assessed usually by written essays and problem-solving exercises. The course has received high ratings from the students. The observations over a 10-year period suggest that PBL is a feasible approach to teach the social dimensions of drug use. IS - 0028-1298 IL - 0028-1298 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20040113 DP - 2004 Feb DC - 20040210 YR - 2004 ED - 20050113 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=14722623 <477. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15556127 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Renner JA Jr FA - Renner, John A Jr IN - Renner,John A Jr. Division of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. TI - How to train residents to identify and treat dual diagnosis patients. [Review] [44 refs] SO - Biological Psychiatry. 56(10):810-6, 2004 Nov 15. AS - Biol Psychiatry. 56(10):810-6, 2004 Nov 15. NJ - Biological psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - a3s, 0213264 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Curriculum MH - Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) MH - Guidelines as Topic MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - *Internship and Residency/mt [Methods] MH - *Mental Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - *Psychiatry/ed [Education] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - Medical training has failed to address the needs of patients with comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders. Addiction teaching is limited and often fails to change the negative attitudes of many physicians. In many psychiatry residencies, addiction training occurs on inpatient or detoxification units and the focus is on screening, detoxification, and referral. Most residents do not gain adequate experience in the long-term management of dual-diagnosis patients. Successful clinical care is based on three critical elements (the "clinician's triad"): an adequate knowledge base, a positive attitude toward the patient and the benefits of treatment, and a sense of responsibility for the clinical problem. The Boston University Psychiatry Residency has designed an addiction training program to address these three issues. In addition to a comprehensive addiction seminar series, there are several unique features. The required clinical rotation occurs in an outpatient dual-diagnosis clinic and permits residents to follow a caseload of patients for 12 months. Extensive experience is gained in motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy. Self-directed learning approaches are used to maximize the educational experience on services that lack addiction faculty. Guidelines are provided for establishing a similar program and for more effective approaches to resident teaching. [References: 44] IS - 0006-3223 IL - 0006-3223 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2004 Nov 15 DC - 20041123 YR - 2004 ED - 20050111 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15556127 <478. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15298489 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wong CG AU - Chan KF AU - Gibson KM AU - Snead OC FA - Wong, C Guin Ting FA - Chan, Katherine F Y FA - Gibson, K Michael FA - Snead, O Carter IN - Wong,C Guin Ting. Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. TI - Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: neurobiology and toxicology of a recreational drug. [Review] [275 refs] SO - Toxicological Reviews. 23(1):3-20, 2004. AS - Toxicol Rev. 23(1):3-20, 2004. NJ - Toxicological reviews PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101162874 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Dopamine/ph [Physiology] MH - Electroencephalography/de [Drug Effects] MH - Epilepsy, Absence/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Epilepsy, Absence/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Humans MH - Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Memory/de [Drug Effects] MH - Neuroprotective Agents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Receptors, GABA-B/de [Drug Effects] MH - Sodium Oxybate/me [Metabolism] MH - *Sodium Oxybate/to [Toxicity] MH - *Street Drugs/to [Toxicity] AB - gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a short-chain fatty acid that occurs naturally in mammalian brain where it is derived metabolically from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GHB was synthesised over 40 years ago and its presence in the brain and a number of aspects of its biological, pharmacological and toxicological properties have been elucidated over the last 20-30 years. However, widespread interest in this compound has arisen only in the past 5-10 years, primarily as a result of the emergence of GHB as a major recreational drug and public health problem in the US. There is considerable evidence that GHB may be a neuromodulator in the brain. GHB has multiple neuronal mechanisms including activation of both the gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA(B)) receptor, and a separate GHB-specific receptor. This complex GHB-GABA(B) receptor interaction is probably responsible for the protean pharmacological, electroencephalographic, behavioural and toxicological effects of GHB, as well as the perturbations of learning and memory associated with supra-physiological concentrations of GHB in the brain that result from the exogenous administration of this drug in the clinical context of GHB abuse, addiction and withdrawal. Investigation of the inborn error of metabolism succinic semialdehyde deficiency (SSADH) and the murine model of this disorder (SSADH knockout mice), in which GHB plays a major role, may help dissect out GHB- and GABA(B) receptor-mediated mechanisms. In particular, the mechanisms that are operative in the molecular pathogenesis of GHB addiction and withdrawal as well as the absence seizures observed in the GHB-treated animals. [References: 275] RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) RN - 0 (Receptors, GABA-B) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - 7G33012534 (Sodium Oxybate) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) IS - 1176-2551 IL - 1176-2551 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - NS40270 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2004 DC - 20040809 YR - 2004 ED - 20041220 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15298489 <479. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15460171 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hendrix CW AU - Wakeford J AU - Wire MB AU - Lou Y AU - Bigelow GE AU - Martinez E AU - Christopher J AU - Fuchs EJ AU - Snidow JW FA - Hendrix, Craig W FA - Wakeford, John FA - Wire, Mary Beth FA - Lou, Yu FA - Bigelow, George E FA - Martinez, Elizabeth FA - Christopher, Jared FA - Fuchs, Edward J FA - Snidow, Jerry W IN - Hendrix,Craig W. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-5554, USA. chendrix@jhmi.edu TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone enantiomers after coadministration with amprenavir in opioid-dependent subjects. SO - Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 24(9):1110-21, 2004 Sep. AS - Pharmacotherapy. 24(9):1110-21, 2004 Sep. NJ - Pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - par, 8111305 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Anti-HIV Agents/bl [Blood] MH - Anti-HIV Agents/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Anti-HIV Agents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Area Under Curve MH - Carbamates MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - Drug Interactions MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Female MH - *HIV Infections/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *HIV-1 MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methadone/bl [Blood] MH - Methadone/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Methadone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Reaction Time/de [Drug Effects] MH - Stereoisomerism MH - Sulfonamides/bl [Blood] MH - Sulfonamides/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Sulfonamides/pd [Pharmacology] AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of methadone enantiomers when coadministered with amprenavir. AB - DESIGN: Prospective, open-label, within-subject pharmacokinetic study. AB - SETTING: University research center. AB - SUBJECTS: Nineteen opioid-dependent, methadone-maintained, healthy individuals were enrolled. AB - INTERVENTION: On study day 1, subjects received their usual once-daily dose of methadone alone. On study days 2-11, they received the same once-daily methadone dose plus amprenavir 1200 mg twice/day. Serial blood samples were collected over 24 hours on study days 1 and 11 for measurement of plasma R- and S-methadone, and over 12 hours on day 11 for serum amprenavir concentrations. AB - MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the concentrations and compared between the two treatments (methadone alone vs methadone with amprenavir). Subjects served as their own control for methadone comparisons, and amprenavir comparisons were made by using a historic control group (38 healthy men). Opioid-effect measures were assessed throughout the study. Coadministration of amprenavir with methadone resulted in a 3-4-hour delay in plasma R- and S-methadone enantiomer peak concentrations at steady state (Cmax-ss). The active R-methadone enantiomer area under the plasma concentration-time curve during a dosing interval (AUCt-ss, Cmax-ss, and the minimum plasma concentration at steady state (Cmin-ss) were decreased by 13%, 25%, and 21%, respectively, after coadministration of methadone and amprenavir. The inactive S-enantiomer AUCt-ss, Cmax-ss, and Cmin-ss were decreased by 40%, 48%, and 52%, respectively. No clinically significant changes were noted in opioid pharmacodynamic effects, and there was no evidence of opioid withdrawal. No methadone dosage was changed in any subject. AB - CONCLUSION: No a priori adjustment in methadone dosage is required during coadministration with amprenavir as there is only a small effect on R-methadone exposure and no evidence of opioid withdrawal. RN - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents) RN - 0 (Carbamates) RN - 0 (Sulfonamides) RN - 5S0W860XNR (amprenavir) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0277-0008 IL - 0277-0008 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - RR00052 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2004 Sep DC - 20041004 YR - 2004 ED - 20041202 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15460171 <480. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15259755 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Crouch BI AU - Caravati EM AU - Booth J FA - Crouch, Barbara Insley FA - Caravati, E Martin FA - Booth, Jeremy IN - Crouch,Barbara Insley. Utah Poison Control Center, 585 Komas Drive, Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. barbara.crouch@hsc.utah.edu TI - Trends in child and teen nonprescription drug abuse reported to a regional poison control center. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 61(12):1252-7, 2004 Jun 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 61(12):1252-7, 2004 Jun 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - *Adolescent Behavior/px [Psychology] MH - Adult MH - Analgesics/po [Poisoning] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/po [Poisoning] MH - Caffeine/po [Poisoning] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/po [Poisoning] MH - Child MH - *Child Behavior/px [Psychology] MH - Cholinergic Antagonists/po [Poisoning] MH - Dextromethorphan/po [Poisoning] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Intention MH - Male MH - *Nonprescription Drugs/po [Poisoning] MH - *Poison Control Centers/ut [Utilization] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Utah/ep [Epidemiology] AB - PURPOSE: Trends in child and teen nonprescription drug abuse reported to a regional poison control center over a 10-year period were examined. AB - METHODS: Human exposures to toxic substances reported to the Utah Poison Control Center between January 1990 and December 1999 were reviewed. Cases were selected for analysis if the exposure involved a nonprescription drug, the patient was 6-19 years old, and the reason for exposure was intentional abuse. Frequencies and cross-tabulations were calculated to identify trends in nonprescription drug abuse. AB - RESULTS: There were 2214 reports of intentional drug abuse among children and teenagers 6-19 years old. Of those, 844 (38.1%) involved nonprescription drugs. The percentage of exposures Involving nonprescription products varied every year and declined over time. Exposures were slightly more common In males (51.7%). The site of exposure was a residence in 65% of cases and a school in 10% of cases. The majority of patients with exposures (68.4%) were treated In a health care facility. The most common types of nonprescription medications abused were drugs with anticholinergic properties, caffeine, dextromethorphan, and nonprescription stimulants. AB - CONCLUSION: Reports of the Intentional abuse of nonprescription drugs by children and teenagers were common at a regional poison control center. There was significant variation in the type of nonprescription medication most commonly abused. The knowledge of these trends may assist public health policymakers, physicians, pharmacists, and child educators in their attempts to curb nonprescription drug abuse. drugs. RN - 0 (Analgesics) RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Cholinergic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - 7355X3ROTS (Dextromethorphan) IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Jun 15 DC - 20040719 YR - 2004 ED - 20041126 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15259755 <481. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15294147 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Szumlinski KK AU - Dehoff MH AU - Kang SH AU - Frys KA AU - Lominac KD AU - Klugmann M AU - Rohrer J AU - Griffin W 3rd AU - Toda S AU - Champtiaux NP AU - Berry T AU - Tu JC AU - Shealy SE AU - During MJ AU - Middaugh LD AU - Worley PF AU - Kalivas PW FA - Szumlinski, Karen K FA - Dehoff, Marlin H FA - Kang, Shin H FA - Frys, Kelly A FA - Lominac, Kevin D FA - Klugmann, Matthias FA - Rohrer, Jason FA - Griffin, William 3rd FA - Toda, Shigenobu FA - Champtiaux, Nicolas P FA - Berry, Thomas FA - Tu, Jian C FA - Shealy, Stephanie E FA - During, Matthew J FA - Middaugh, Lawrence D FA - Worley, Paul F FA - Kalivas, Peter W IN - Szumlinski,Karen K. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. szumlink@musc.edu TI - Homer proteins regulate sensitivity to cocaine. SO - Neuron. 43(3):401-13, 2004 Aug 5. AS - Neuron. 43(3):401-13, 2004 Aug 5. NJ - Neuron PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - an8, 8809320 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - Carrier Proteins/bi [Biosynthesis] MH - Carrier Proteins/ge [Genetics] MH - *Carrier Proteins/ph [Physiology] MH - *Cocaine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders/ge [Genetics] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/me [Metabolism] MH - Conditioning (Psychology)/de [Drug Effects] MH - Conditioning (Psychology)/ph [Physiology] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Glutamic Acid/me [Metabolism] MH - Locomotion/de [Drug Effects] MH - Locomotion/ph [Physiology] MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Knockout MH - Nucleus Accumbens/de [Drug Effects] MH - Nucleus Accumbens/me [Metabolism] MH - Self Administration AB - Drug addiction involves complex interactions between pharmacology and learning in genetically susceptible individuals. Members of the Homer gene family are regulated by acute and chronic cocaine administration. Here, we report that deletion of Homer1 or Homer2 in mice caused the same increase in sensitivity to cocaine-induced locomotion, conditioned reward, and augmented extracellular glutamate in nucleus accumbens as that elicited by withdrawal from repeated cocaine administration. Moreover, adeno-associated virus-mediated restoration of Homer2 in the accumbens of Homer2 KO mice reversed the cocaine-sensitized phenotype. Further analysis of Homer2 KO mice revealed extensive additional behavioral and neurochemical similarities to cocaine-sensitized animals, including accelerated acquisition of cocaine self-administration and altered regulation of glutamate by metabotropic glutamate receptors and cystine/glutamate exchange. These data show that Homer deletion mimics the behavioral and neurochemical phenotype produced by repeated cocaine administration and implicate Homer in regulating addiction to cocaine.Copyright 2004 Cell Press RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Homer protein) RN - 3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0896-6273 IL - 0896-6273 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA-03906 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-10309 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-11742 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-14185 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-14185-01 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - KO2-MH01152 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - MH-40817 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2004 Aug 5 DC - 20040805 YR - 2004 ED - 20041102 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15294147 <482. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15210101 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Horne R AU - Graupner L AU - Frost S AU - Weinman J AU - Wright SM AU - Hankins M FA - Horne, Robert FA - Graupner, Lida FA - Frost, Susie FA - Weinman, John FA - Wright, Siobhan Melanie FA - Hankins, Matthew IN - Horne,Robert. Centre for Health Care Research, Faculty of Health, University of Brighton, Falmer Campus, Brighton BN1 9PH, UK. r.horne@brighton.ac.uk TI - Medicine in a multi-cultural society: the effect of cultural background on beliefs about medications. SO - Social Science & Medicine. 59(6):1307-13, 2004 Sep. AS - Soc Sci Med. 59(6):1307-13, 2004 Sep. NJ - Social science & medicine (1982) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ut9, 8303205 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Asia/eh [Ethnology] MH - *Attitude to Health/eh [Ethnology] MH - *Cross-Cultural Comparison MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Culture MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Europe/eh [Ethnology] MH - Female MH - Great Britain MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Regression Analysis AB - This exploratory, cross-sectional study examined the effect of self-reported cultural background on beliefs about medicines (modern pharmaceuticals) and perceptions of personal sensitivity to the adverse effects of taking medication. Using a validated questionnaire, beliefs about pharmaceutical medication were compared between 500 UK undergraduate students who identified themselves as having an Asian or European cultural background. There was a significant association between cultural background and beliefs about the benefits and dangers of medicines. Students who self-reported to have an Asian cultural background expressed more negative views about medication than those who reported a European cultural background. Students with an Asian cultural background were significantly more likely to perceive medicines as being intrinsically harmful, addictive substances that should be avoided. They were significantly less likely to endorse the benefits of modern medication. There was no significant relationship between cultural background and perceptions of personal sensitivity to medication effects or belief about how doctors use medication. In the total sample, past and present experience of taking medication was associated with a more positive orientation to medicines in general. Students who considered themselves to have a European cultural background had significantly more experience with prescribed medication than those who selected an Asian cultural background. The relationship between cultural background and beliefs about medicines in general was maintained after controlling for potential confounding variables, including chosen degree course, experience of taking prescribed medication, age, and gender. The identification of differences in beliefs about medication, between two specific cultural groups, suggests the need for a greater understanding of the effects of cultural background on medicine-usage with potential implications for the conduct of prescribing-related consultations and for the provision of patient information on medication.Copyright 2004 Elseiver Ltd. IS - 0277-9536 IL - 0277-9536 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Sep DC - 20040622 YR - 2004 ED - 20041008 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15210101 <483. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15335108 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Farin A AU - Marshall LF FA - Farin, A FA - Marshall, L F IN - Farin,A. Division Neurosurgery, UCSD-Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA. TI - Lessons from epidemiologic studies in clinical trials of traumatic brain injury. SO - Acta Neurochirurgica - Supplement. 89:101-7, 2004. AS - Acta Neurochir Suppl. 89:101-7, 2004. NJ - Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100962752 SB - Index Medicus CP - Austria MH - *Brain Injuries/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality] MH - *Clinical Trials as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Databases, Factual MH - *Epidemiologic Methods MH - Humans MH - Medical Records Systems, Computerized MH - *Neuroprotective Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Patient Selection MH - Pipecolic Acids/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Pregnatrienes/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Prognosis MH - *Quality Assurance, Health Care/mt [Methods] MH - *Risk Assessment/mt [Methods] MH - Risk Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - United States AB - Lessions from epidemiological studies. The Clinical Trial Group for Neurosurgery of the University of California San Diego (UCSD) is involved in epidemiological studies and trials of new pharmacological agents in traumatic brain injury. A great number (> 10,000) of patients has been prospectively analyzed forming an integrated database for further purposes. The development of these databases is based on earlier work by the European Neurosurgeons Jennett and Braakmann and the US-Traumatic Coma Data Bank Study. These studies allowed for the development of sophisticated data collection instruments which were used in the international Tirilizad Trials which enrolled over 1,100 patients. A major observation from that trial was that pretreatment hypotension or hypoxia could be unbalanced even in a large two arm blinded study. Another issue of the tirilazad trial was the influence of gender affecting not only outcome but also drug metabolism. Similar experiences were gathered with the phase-III trial on the competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist selfotel, which interferes with the excitotoxic amino acid glutamate as mediator of secondary brain damage, as ischemia-induced neuronal degeneration. Unfortunately, the trial, already underway, had to be prematurely aborted, since concurrent stroke studies with enrollment of nonintubated patients on low-dose selfotel revealed an increased number of deaths and other adverse events. A retrospective analysis did not confirm that Selfotel was associated with an increased mortality in TBI, but there was also no evidence that the drug was efficacious. A problem here was that a major portion of patients did not have intracranial mass lesions (contusion, subdural haematoma) on CT, questioning whether these had a treatment responsive brain injury. Both studies on tirilazad or selfotel underscore the significance of well designed and conducted phase-I and -II trials to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the agent, to confirm availability of drug in the brain, and to identify a sufficient number of patients with lesions responding to the drug. A major issue is the blood-brain barrier permeability of the agent under study. Further, the phenomenon of secondary deterioration - neurological worsening - turned out as a powerful predictor of poor outcome. The findings and conclusions of both clinical trials (tirilazad, selfotel) were utilized for a subsequent patient study on CP101-606 in consultation with the Pfizer company, the US Brain Injury Consortium, and the San Diego Clinical Trial Group. The patient population was a priori selected towards responsiveness of the brain lesions to the treatment. The major conclusions are: I Development of therapeutic regimens targeted towards the mechanisms of brain injury. II Availability of adequate preclinical data. III Directing treatment towards an appropriate patient population. IV Central gathering and interpretation of the neuroradiological findings. V Monitoring of trial center performance. VI Stratification and pre-trial prognostic analysis for identification of subgroups. RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) RN - 0 (Pipecolic Acids) RN - 0 (Pregnatrienes) RN - 110101-67-2 (tirilazad) RN - 4VGJ4A41L2 (selfotel) IS - 0065-1419 IL - 0065-1419 PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 DC - 20040831 YR - 2004 ED - 20040921 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15335108 <484. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15248372 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Olsen Y AU - Daumit GL FA - Olsen, Yngvild FA - Daumit, Gail L IN - Olsen,Yngvild. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 21287, USA. yolsen@jhsph.edu TI - Opioid prescribing for chronic nonmalignant pain in primary care: challenges and solutions. [Review] [54 refs] SO - Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine. 25:138-50, 2004. AS - Adv Psychosom Med. 25:138-50, 2004. NJ - Advances in psychosomatic medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 2pg, 0101303 SB - Index Medicus CP - Switzerland MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Chronic Disease MH - Criminal Law/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Florida MH - Humans MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Primary Health Care MH - United States AB - Evaluating and treating patients with chronic nonmalignant pain, especially with opioid medications, often causes discomfort on the part of primary care physicians. A number of patient-, physician-, and system-related issues converge to make treating chronic pain a complex matter. Patient-related issues include an inability to define a clear anatomic cause for patients' pain, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and past and current substance abuse. Physicians lack training on the appropriate evaluation and treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain, fear creating addicts, and often face intense pharmaceutical industry pressure to prescribe medications. A paucity of practical clinical practice guidelines, controversy over the effectiveness of opioids on chronic nonmalignant pain, and concern about potential legal and regulatory ramifications add to the complexity of caring for these patients. Possible multifaceted solutions exist to minimize provider discomfort and improve their ability to treat patients appropriately. Examples include comprehensive, practical multidimensional guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain, Web-based teleconferenced consultations with subspecialists, reduced pharmaceutical pressure, enhanced continuing medical education and pregraduate training, multispecialty coordinated care of patients with adequate reimbursement for such care, and physician access to state-based systems to track opioid prescriptions. [References: 54] RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) IS - 0065-3268 IL - 0065-3268 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2004 DC - 20040713 YR - 2004 ED - 20040921 RD - 20091111 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15248372 <485. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15166645 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Becker HC AU - Crissman AM AU - Studders S AU - Kelley BM AU - Middaugh LD FA - Becker, Howard C FA - Crissman, Alicia M FA - Studders, Shannon FA - Kelley, Brian M FA - Middaugh, Lawrence D IN - Becker,Howard C. Medical Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. beckerh@musc.edu TI - Differential neurosensitivity to the discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol in C57BL/6J and C3H/He mice. SO - Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 28(5):712-9, 2004 May. AS - Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 28(5):712-9, 2004 May. NJ - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 35x, 7707242 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Animals MH - Brain/de [Drug Effects] MH - Brain/ph [Physiology] MH - *Discrimination Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Discrimination Learning/ph [Physiology] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - *Ethanol/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C3H MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Reaction Time/de [Drug Effects] MH - Reaction Time/ph [Physiology] MH - Species Specificity AB - BACKGROUND: A large body of evidence suggests that the interoceptive cue associated with ethanol intoxication is complex and dependent on a number of environmental and biological factors. Despite the fact that mice have been widely used to study genetic influences on sensitivity to various actions of ethanol, few studies have used mice to examine sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol. The purpose of this study was to compare sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol in two inbred mouse strains, namely C57BL/6J and C3H/He mice. AB - METHODS: Adult male C57BL/6J and C3H/He mice were trained to discriminate between ethanol and saline using a two-lever food reinforcement operant procedure. Once criterion discrimination performance was achieved, dose-response functions were determined from generalization tests. Additional experiments were conducted to determine whether differences in discrimination performance were related to differential blood/brain ethanol levels in the two mouse strains. AB - RESULTS: A greater proportion of C57BL/6J mice acquired the discrimination and required fewer trials to achieve criterion performance compared with C3H/He mice with a 1.0 g/kg ethanol training dose. This deficit in acquisition was overcome when the training dose was increased to 2.0 g/kg for C3H/He mice. In a second experiment, a 1.5 g/kg training dose of ethanol was used for both strains. Again, a greater proportion of C57BL/6J mice acquired the discrimination and required fewer training trials to achieve criterion performance compared with C3H/He mice. Blood ethanol levels did not differ between the strains after administration of the 1.5 g/kg training dose. However, blood and brain ethanol levels did differ between the strains after doses of ethanol were administered that produced equivalent discrimination performance. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that ethanol discrimination was more readily acquired and maintained in C57BL/6J mice than C3H/He mice. Ethanol dose-response functions generated from generalization tests also clearly demonstrated greater sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol in C57BL/6J mice compared with the C3H/He strain. This differential sensitivity to the interoceptive cue produced by ethanol does not seem to be related to learning or pharmacokinetic differences between the two inbred strains. RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) IS - 0145-6008 IL - 0145-6008 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - AA10761 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2004 May DC - 20040528 YR - 2004 ED - 20040909 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15166645 <486. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15156968 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kenna GA AU - Wood MD FA - Kenna, George A FA - Wood, Mark D IN - Kenna,George A. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA. george_kenna@brown.edu TI - Substance use by pharmacy and nursing practitioners and students in a northeastern state. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 61(9):921-30, 2004 May 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 61(9):921-30, 2004 May 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Humans MH - New England/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Nurses MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Professional Impairment MH - *Students MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - PURPOSE: The prevalence and predictors of substance use among pharmacists and nurses and pharmacy and nursing students were studied. AB - METHODS: During summer 2002, pharmacists and nurses in a northeastern state were mailed an anonymous survey to determine their use of alcohol, tobacco, and commonly abused drugs; to determine their ease of access to controlled substances; and to measure their family history of alcohol and drug problems. A similar but not identical survey was distributed to pharmacy and nursing students during spring 2000. AB - RESULTS: A total of 262 usable questionnaires were received from pharmacists and nurses (response rate, 72.8%), and 138 usable questionnaires were received from students (35.3%). Large majorities of nursing students, pharmacy students, and nurses were women. A higher percentage of pharmacists reported having used an opioid or an anxiolytic at least once in their lives (24.8% and 14.3%, respectively) than nurses (14.5% and 7.8%). Higher percentages of nursing students and nurses reported having ever used an unprescribed drug (74.5% of nursing students and 63.6% of nurses). AB - CONCLUSION: A survey of pharmacy and nursing practitioners and students in a northeastern state provided important information on alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among these groups and highlighted the need for prevention and intervention. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 May 1 DC - 20040525 YR - 2004 ED - 20040812 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15156968 <487. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15061684 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fuller DE AU - Hornfeldt CS AU - Kelloway JS AU - Stahl PJ AU - Anderson TF FA - Fuller, David E FA - Hornfeldt, Carl S FA - Kelloway, Judy S FA - Stahl, Pamela J FA - Anderson, Todd F IN - Fuller,David E. Orphan Medical Inc., Minnetonka, Minnesota 55305, USA. TI - The Xyrem risk management program. [Review] [37 refs] SO - Drug Safety. 27(5):293-306, 2004. AS - Drug Saf. 27(5):293-306, 2004. NJ - Drug safety PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ahq, 9002928 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Administration, Oral MH - Drug Utilization MH - Drug and Narcotic Control/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Drug and Narcotic Control/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing MH - Risk Management/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Risk Management/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Sodium Oxybate/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Sodium Oxybate/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Sodium Oxybate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Street Drugs/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Street Drugs/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - United States MH - United States Food and Drug Administration AB - Sodium oxybate, also known as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), was discovered in 1960 and has been described both as a therapeutic agent with high medical value and, more recently, a substance of abuse. The naturally occurring form of this drug is found in various body tissues but has been studied most extensively in the CNS where its possible function as a neurotransmitter continues to be studied. Sodium oxybate has been approved in different countries for such varied uses as general anaesthesia, the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and addiction, and, most recently, cataplexy associated with narcolepsy. During the 1980s, easy access to GHB-containing products led to various unapproved uses, including weight loss, bodybuilding and the treatment of sleeplessness, sometimes with serious long-term effects. The availability of these unapproved and unregulated forms of the drug led to GHB and its analogues being popularised as substances of abuse and subsequent notoriety as agents used in drug-facilitated sexual assault, or 'date rape', eventually leading to the prohibition of GHB sales in the US. Legal efforts to control the sale and distribution of GHB and its analogues nearly prevented the clinical development of sodium oxybate for narcolepsy in the US. However, following extensive discussions with a variety of interested parties, a satisfactory solution was devised, including legislative action and the development of the Xyrem Risk Management Program. Amendments to the US Controlled Substances Act made GHB a schedule I drug, but also contained provisions that allow US FDA-approved products to be placed under schedule III. This unique, bifurcated schedule for sodium oxybate/GHB allowed the clinical development of sodium oxybate to proceed and, in July 2002, it was approved by the FDA as an orphan drug for the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy as Xyrem(sodium oxybate) oral solution. To promote the safe use of sodium oxybate, as well as alleviate concerns over possible diversion and abuse following product approval, a proprietary restricted drug distribution system was created, called the Xyrem Success Program. Components of the programme include a centralised distribution and dispensing system, a physician and patient registry, compulsory educational materials for patients and physicians, a specially trained pharmacy staff, a method for tracking prescription shipments, and an initial post-marketing surveillance programme. The system has created a unique opportunity to provide both physician and patient education and ongoing patient counselling, promoting greater drug safety and enhanced patient compliance. [References: 37] RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - 7G33012534 (Sodium Oxybate) IS - 0114-5916 IL - 0114-5916 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2004 DC - 20040405 YR - 2004 ED - 20040812 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15061684 <488. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15077837 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Haller DL AU - Miles DR FA - Haller, Deborah L FA - Miles, Donna R IN - Haller,Deborah L. Department of Psychiatry, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY 10025, USA. dhaller@chpnet.org TI - Psychopathology is associated with completion of residential treatment in drug dependent women. SO - Journal of Addictive Diseases. 23(1):17-28, 2004. AS - J Addict Dis. 23(1):17-28, 2004. NJ - Journal of addictive diseases PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - a0y, 9107051 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Mental Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Pregnancy MH - Prenatal Care MH - Prevalence MH - *Residential Treatment MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] AB - This study characterized drug dependent women based on current psychopathology (MCMI-III) and then examined the relationship between psychopathology and treatment retention. Participants included 97 pregnant (88%), African-American (78%), single (90%) 30-year old women enrolled in a 6-month residential drug treatment program for women and children. Clustering on personality test scores using Ward's technique identified three subgroups with mild (24%), moderate (59%) and severe (18%) psychopathology. Treatment completion rates varied by group (66%, 45% and 29%), with half of the high severity group leaving against medical advice (AMA) within 60 days. Although the majority of low severity women completed the program as scheduled, they may also have done well in a less intensive treatment modality. Conversely, it appears that women with severe psychopathology may require a more flexible, psychiatrically-oriented approach than is found in most residential settings including greater emphasis on psychiatric issues, individual psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. IS - 1055-0887 IL - 1055-0887 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA 14041 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - HS4 TI00555 (United States AHRQ HHS) LG - English DP - 2004 DC - 20040413 YR - 2004 ED - 20040715 RD - 20080512 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15077837 <489. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14747422 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Pollak PT AU - Shafer SL FA - Pollak, P Timothy FA - Shafer, Steven L IN - Pollak,P Timothy. Department of Medicine, Suite 406 Bethune Building, Queen Elizabeth II HSC, Dalhousie University, Victoria General Site, 1278 Tower Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9. TI - Teaching application of clinical pharmacology skills using unusual observations from clozapine overdoses. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 44(2):141-9, 2004 Feb. AS - J Clin Pharmacol. 44(2):141-9, 2004 Feb. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ht9, 0366372 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Clozapine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Clozapine/bl [Blood] MH - *Clozapine/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Clozapine/po [Poisoning] MH - Drug Overdose MH - Female MH - Half-Life MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Metabolic Clearance Rate MH - Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Serotonin Antagonists/bl [Blood] MH - *Serotonin Antagonists/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Serotonin Antagonists/po [Poisoning] MH - Teaching/mt [Methods] AB - Massive drug overdoses provide a unique opportunity to observe human pharmacokinetic data not otherwise ethically available. They can also provide practical examples for teaching thoughtful application of the principles of clinical pharmacology. Following a case of clozapine overdose in which onset of toxicity was delayed by 72 hours, a probable explanation was found in an exploration of three cases with unusual concentration-time profiles and revealed unexpected implications for the management of clozapine overdoses. The authors systematically addressed the possible mechanisms proposed in the literature for an unusual plateau in concentrations observed in three clozapine overdoses. The effects that the most commonly suggested explanations (i.e., delayed absorption and saturated or impaired metabolism) would have on both clozapine and norclozapine concentrations were then modeled using the data available from those three cases to provide an objective illustration for comparison. This exercise was then used as a teaching seminar, leading students through the steps required to reach a logical explanation for the observed delayed toxicity and to consider the implications for therapy. Delayed absorption best predicted the sustained serum clozapine and norclozapine concentrations observed in three cases, and modeling suggests that much of the drug remains in the gut, available for absorption for days following an overdose. As a seminar, the exercise provides students with a practical example of the value of systematically ruling out possible explanations by considering what effects various pharmacokinetic alterations would have on observed data. Absorption following massive clozapine overdose appears fundamentally different from that with conventional dosing. This suggests a potential for delayed or prolonged toxicity, extending well beyond the time frame predicted by its half-life, unless aggressive and sustained efforts are applied to remove clozapine from the gut. Data from drug overdoses provide opportunities to explore unusual aspects of pharmacokinetics, better understand future overdoses of the same agent, and present excellent material for teaching. A seminar illustrating the role that thoughtful application of pharmacologic principles had in addressing this case is now used to introduce the clinical aspects of pharmacology to students at our institutions. RN - 0 (Serotonin Antagonists) RN - 6104-71-8 (norclozapine) RN - J60AR2IKIC (Clozapine) IS - 0091-2700 IL - 0091-2700 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2004 Feb DC - 20040128 YR - 2004 ED - 20040712 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=14747422 <490. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15073805 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Vrhovac B FA - Vrhovac, B IN - Vrhovac,B. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Rebro, Zagreb, Croatia. TI - Problems with drugs in Croatia. SO - Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety. 6(1):49-56, 1997 Jan. AS - Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 6(1):49-56, 1997 Jan. NJ - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - d0r, 9208369 CP - England AB - Croatia has 4.8 million inhabitants, 11,800 physicians, 2000 pharmacists, two now shareholding, pharmaceutical companies (about 6500 employees, total sales of about 350 million US dollars). There are a number of problems due to the war (GNP fell from 3800 to about 1500 US dollars), occupation of 25% of its territory, 0.5 million refugees and lack of resources (139 US dollars/capita for health, about 40 US dollars i.e. 30%!! for drugs)--about three times less than before the aggression. The drug situation is controlled with the help of: (1) donations (approximate value of 600 million US dollars since 1991 from Europe and US), (2) (essential) drug formularies--250 for outpatients, and 580 generic names for various levels of hospital use, (3) special efforts to purchase drugs of good quality at a reasonable price (a kind of tender), (4) control of prescribing (prescriptions, specialists referral) especially by GPs. A new Medicines Act is in preparation and about 1000 generic names are on the market. DRUG EDUCATION: Pharmaca: the Croatian journal of pharmacotherapy has been published since 1962, there are several Drug bulletins (one published since 1975); special chapters on clinical pharmacology in textbooks, translation of three editions of Laurence's textbook with special commentary and adaptation to local needs; ADR spontaneous and intensive monitoring (WHO programme) with a personal feedback to the reporters and regular articles on drug use in a number of periodicals. Data on drug consumption indicates that there is room for improvement of prescribing. There is an enthusiasm for 'vasoactive drugs'--after dipirydamole came oxpentifylline and antimicrobials are always overprescribed. All these problems will hopefully decrease when the war finally stops and when industry (especially tourism) starts being fruitful again. In any case the importance of teaching of pharmacotherapy at the under- and postgraduate level should be recognized.Copyright 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. IS - 1053-8569 IL - 1053-8569 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 Jan DC - 20040409 YR - 1997 ED - 20040630 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=15073805 <491. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14972299 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Veldenz HC AU - Scott KK AU - Dennis JW AU - Tepas JJ 3rd AU - Schinco MS FA - Veldenz, Henry C FA - Scott, Kamela K FA - Dennis, James W FA - Tepas, Joseph J 3rd FA - Schinco, Miren S IN - Veldenz,Henry C. Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA. TI - Impaired residents: identification and intervention. SO - Current Surgery. 60(2):214-7, 2003 Mar-Apr. AS - Curr Surg. 60(2):214-7, 2003 Mar-Apr. NJ - Current surgery PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7802123, dwp SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Anger MH - Depression/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Internship and Residency MH - *Physician Impairment/px [Psychology] MH - Referral and Consultation MH - Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] AB - PURPOSE: To describe the effect of a psychologist on faculty staff supporting impaired residents to successful program completion in general surgery. AB - METHODS: Since 1996, the Department of Surgery has had a staff psychologist on faculty who works closely with the Trauma service. Duties include provision of patient and family therapies (representing a revenue-generating activity for the department), in-services for staff stress management, research, and community education activities. As resident performance issues have arisen, the psychologist has been instrumental in early identification of and referral for underlying issues affecting resident behavior. AB - RESULTS: From 1996 to October 2001, 12 residents (2 with multiple referrals) have been identified with significant psychological issues impairing performance. The various psychological problems include depression, anger control issues, and addictions; required interventions have included referrals for therapeutic counseling, recommendations for career change, and therapeutic counseling combined with pharmacotherapy. Fellow residents referred 4 of the 12 residents to the psychologist for possible evaluation, and the remaining 8 had referral initiated by performance concerns. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Significant psychological problems can impair resident performance and possible training program completion. Early identification and intervention by a professional psychologist on faculty can provide support for increased opportunity to complete residency training. IS - 0149-7944 IL - 0149-7944 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2003 Mar-Apr DC - 20040219 YR - 2003 ED - 20040624 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14972299 <492. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15044070 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kiyatkin EA AU - Brown PL FA - Kiyatkin, Eugene A FA - Brown, P Leon IN - Kiyatkin,Eugene A. National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. ekiyatki@intra.nida.nih.gov TI - Brain temperature fluctuations during passive vs. active cocaine administration: clues for understanding the pharmacological determination of drug-taking behavior. SO - Brain Research. 1005(1-2):101-16, 2004 Apr 16. AS - Brain Res. 1005(1-2):101-16, 2004 Apr 16. NJ - Brain research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0045503, b5l SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Animals MH - *Behavior, Addictive/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Behavior, Addictive/px [Psychology] MH - *Body Temperature/de [Drug Effects] MH - Body Temperature/ph [Physiology] MH - *Brain/de [Drug Effects] MH - Brain/ph [Physiology] MH - *Cocaine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Male MH - Rats MH - Rats, Long-Evans MH - Self Administration/px [Psychology] AB - While it is generally assumed that cocaine self-administration (SA) is determined and maintained by the pharmacological actions of cocaine in the brain, it is also a drug-motivated and drug-reinforced goal-directed behavior, which is determined by concurrent learning and behavioral performance. To dissociate the contributions of pharmacological and behavioral factors to cocaine SA, it is important to compare cocaine SA with its pharmacological copy, passive intravenous (iv) cocaine administration. This approach was employed in the present study with respect to brain temperatures, a dynamic parameter that reflects metabolic neural activity and shows consistent fluctuations during cocaine SA. Passive cocaine injections performed with the same dose/pattern as SA induced brain temperature fluctuations similar in many ways to those in behaving animals. The initial passive drug administration of a session elevated brain temperature, while subsequent repeated injections were associated with biphasic temperature fluctuations that maintained at a relatively stable plateau. Although the magnitude of these fluctuations was twofold smaller than in behaving animals, passive animals had the same pattern; brain temperatures transiently decreased after cocaine injection, then increased, and were inhibited again by the next cocaine infusion. In contrast to self-administering animals, rats exposed to passive cocaine injections had significantly lower basal temperatures and never showed gradual temperature increases preceding the initial injection. Striking differences in brain temperature dynamics seen in the beginning of a session suggest that during the development of drug-taking behavior the initial cocaine-induced neural activation becomes transformed into behavior-related "anticipatory" neural activation (motivational arousal) that fuels drug seeking and results in the initial drug intake. While this activation is triggered by drug-related cues and enhanced by the initial cocaine intake, subsequent highly cyclical cocaine intakes appear to be primarily pharmacologically determined. RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0006-8993 IL - 0006-8993 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Apr 16 DC - 20040326 YR - 2004 ED - 20040622 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15044070 <493. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14983975 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Woolf CJ AU - Hashmi M FA - Woolf, Clifford J FA - Hashmi, Maliha IN - Woolf,Clifford J. Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. cwoolf@partners.org TI - Use and abuse of opioid analgesics: potential methods to prevent and deter non-medical consumption of prescription opioids. [Review] [38 refs] SO - Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 5(1):61-6, 2004 Jan. AS - Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 5(1):61-6, 2004 Jan. NJ - Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100965718, d0k SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Delayed-Action Preparations MH - Drug Combinations MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Humans MH - Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Patients MH - Pharmacists MH - Physicians MH - Professional Role MH - Receptors, Opioid, mu/ag [Agonists] MH - Risk Assessment AB - Medicinal opiates can produce both analgesia and euphoria. The mood altering action of this class of drugs has led to their abuse (non-medical use), a problem compounded by their physical dependence and addictive qualities. The legitimate expansion of clinical opioid analgesic use for severe chronic non-malignant pain, together with the introduction of high-dose extended-release (modified-release) oral tablet formulations of opioids with good bioavailability, has created increased opportunities for the illicit use of these prescribed drugs. Such use is now a major societal problem, with an incidence that appears to exceed the use of street narcotics such as heroin in the US. This review highlights the extent of the illicit use of prescribed opiate analgesics and some of the steps, legal, educational and pharmaceutical, that can be taken to potentially reduce the risk of their misuse or diversion for abuse. [References: 38] RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Receptors, Opioid, mu) IS - 1472-4472 IL - 1472-4472 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2004 Jan DC - 20040226 YR - 2004 ED - 20040603 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=14983975 <494. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15101878 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Gammaitoni AR AU - Gallagher RM AU - Welz M AU - Gracely EJ AU - Knowlton CH AU - Voltis-Thomas O FA - Gammaitoni, A R FA - Gallagher, R M FA - Welz, M FA - Gracely, E J FA - Knowlton, C H FA - Voltis-Thomas, O IN - Gammaitoni,A R. PainRxperts, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. TI - Palliative pharmaceutical care: a randomized, prospective study of telephone-based prescription and medication counseling services for treating chronic pain. CM - Comment in: Pain Med. 2000 Dec;1(4):283-5; PMID: 15101871 SO - Pain Medicine. 1(4):317-31, 2000 Dec. AS - PAIN MED. 1(4):317-31, 2000 Dec. NJ - Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100894201 CP - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of providing a unique telephone-based pharmaceutical care program to a sample of patients enrolled at a university pain clinic in Philadelphia, Pa. We hypothesized that in comparison to routine pharmaceutical care, the telephone-based pharmaceutical care program would have a positive impact on delivery of medication, quality of life, and overall satisfaction with the pain clinic program. AB - PATIENTS: One hundred seven pain clinic patients were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. Seventy-four patients (control group, n = 36; intervention group, n = 38) met inclusion criteria. AB - METHOD: The control group continued to receive care and prescription services through the same means as prior to the study. There were 2 components to the pharmaceutical care program offered to the intervention group. The first component consisted of a palliative care pharmacy company, PainRxperts, providing specialized prescription services tailored to the needs of a pain medicine clinical practice. The second component involved the palliative-trained pharmacist's proactive monitoring of patient pharmacotherapy for potential or actual drug related problems (DRPs). AB - RESULTS: Intervention patients perceived that they had better access to medication, more efficient processing of prescriptions, and fewer stigmatizing experiences. They also endorsed pharmacists' behavioral interventions such as medication counseling, availability to answer medication-related questions, and non-judgmental attitudes when managing opioid prescriptions. AB - CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the palliative-trained pharmacist can play an important collaborative role in managing chronic pain. Application of the pharmaceutical care model in pain medicine centers can improve satisfaction and remove some of the barriers to good pharmaceutical care facing patients with chronic pain disorders IS - 1526-2375 IL - 1526-2375 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English DP - 2000 Dec DC - 20040422 YR - 2000 ED - 20040519 RD - 20060918 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=15101878 <495. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15126255 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Higashi T AU - Shekelle PG AU - Solomon DH AU - Knight EL AU - Roth C AU - Chang JT AU - Kamberg CJ AU - MacLean CH AU - Young RT AU - Adams J AU - Reuben DB AU - Avorn J AU - Wenger NS FA - Higashi, Takahiro FA - Shekelle, Paul G FA - Solomon, David H FA - Knight, Eric L FA - Roth, Carol FA - Chang, John T FA - Kamberg, Caren J FA - MacLean, Catherine H FA - Young, Roy T FA - Adams, John FA - Reuben, David B FA - Avorn, Jerry FA - Wenger, Neil S IN - Higashi,Takahiro. Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. TI - The quality of pharmacologic care for vulnerable older patients. CM - Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 4;140(9):I52; PMID: 15126272 SO - Annals of Internal Medicine. 140(9):714-20, 2004 May 4. AS - Ann Intern Med. 140(9):714-20, 2004 May 4. NJ - Annals of internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 0372351 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Continuity of Patient Care/st [Standards] MH - Documentation MH - Drug Monitoring/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Managed Care Programs/st [Standards] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Quality Indicators, Health Care AB - BACKGROUND: Although pharmacotherapy is critical to the medical care of older patients, medications can have considerable toxicity in this age group. To date, research has focused on inappropriate prescribing and policy efforts have aimed at access, but no comprehensive measurement of the quality of pharmacologic management using explicit criteria has been performed. AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the broad range of pharmacologic care processes for vulnerable older patients. AB - DESIGN: Observational cohort study. AB - SETTING: 2 managed care organizations enrolling older persons. AB - PATIENTS: Community-dwelling high-risk patients 65 years of age or older continuously enrolled in the managed care organizations from 1 July 1998 to 31 July 1999. AB - MEASUREMENTS: Patients' receipt of care as specified in 43 quality indicators covering 4 domains of pharmacologic care: 1) prescribing indicated medications; 2) avoiding inappropriate medications; 3) education, continuity, and documentation; and 4) medication monitoring. AB - RESULTS: Of 475 vulnerable older patients, 372 (78%) consented to participate and had medical records that could be abstracted. The percentage of appropriate pharmacologic management ranged from 10% for documentation of risks of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to 100% for avoiding short-acting calcium-channel blockers in patients with heart failure and avoiding beta-blockers in patients with asthma. Pass rates for quality indicators in the "avoiding inappropriate medications" domain (97% [95% CI, 96% to 98%]) were significantly higher than pass rates for "prescribing indicated medications" (50% [CI, 45% to 55%]); "education, continuity, and documentation" (81% [CI, 79% to 84%]); and "medication monitoring" (64% [CI, 60% to 68%]). AB - LIMITATIONS: Fewer than 10 patients were eligible for many of the quality indicators measured, and the generalizability of these findings in 2 managed care organizations to the general geriatric population is uncertain. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Failures to prescribe indicated medications, monitor medications appropriately, document necessary information, educate patients, and maintain continuity are more common prescribing problems than use of inappropriate drugs in older patients. ES - 1539-3704 IL - 0003-4819 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - PE-19001 (United States BHP HRSA HHS) LG - English DP - 2004 May 4 DC - 20040505 YR - 2004 ED - 20040512 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15126255 <496. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14640830 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Whalen CK AU - Jamner LD AU - Henker B AU - Gehricke JG AU - King PS FA - Whalen, Carol K FA - Jamner, Larry D FA - Henker, Barbara FA - Gehricke, Jena-Guido FA - King, Pamela S IN - Whalen,Carol K. Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. ckwhalen@uci.edu TI - Is there a link between adolescent cigarette smoking and pharmacotherapy for ADHD?. SO - Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 17(4):332-5, 2003 Dec. AS - Psychol Addict Behav. 17(4):332-5, 2003 Dec. NJ - Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - dlk, 8802734 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/px [Psychology] MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Male MH - Medical Records MH - Self Medication MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - Students AB - There is continuing concern that pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may raise the risk of smoking (the gateway hypothesis). Alternatively, unmedicated people with ADHD may use nicotine to improve attentional and self-regulatory competence (the self-medication hypothesis). From a community sample of 511 adolescents participating in a longitudinal health study, 27 were identified as having ADHD, and 11 of these were receiving pharmacotherapy. Self-report surveys, electronic diaries, and salivary cotinine all indicated that adolescents treated with pharmacotherapy for ADHD smoked less than their untreated counterparts over 2 years of high school. These convergent findings from 3 disparate indicators lend support to the self-medication hypothesis over the gateway hypothesis, although alternative explanations need further study. The findings also suggest that early treatment of psychological and behavioral problems may prevent or delay smoking initiation. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) IS - 0893-164X IL - 0893-164X PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - P50 DA13332 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 CA80301 (United States NCI NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2003 Dec DC - 20031203 YR - 2003 ED - 20040512 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14640830 <497. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14748894 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Peterson GM AU - Fitzmaurice KD AU - Naunton M AU - Vial JH AU - Stewart K AU - Krum H FA - Peterson, G M FA - Fitzmaurice, K D FA - Naunton, M FA - Vial, J H FA - Stewart, K FA - Krum, H IN - Peterson,G M. School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. g.peterson@utas.edu.au TI - Impact of pharmacist-conducted home visits on the outcomes of lipid-lowering drug therapy. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics. 29(1):23-30, 2004 Feb. AS - J Clin Pharm Ther. 29(1):23-30, 2004 Feb. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - hpi, 8704308 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Aged MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Cholesterol/bl [Blood] MH - Female MH - Health Behavior MH - *House Calls MH - Humans MH - *Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Prospective Studies MH - Treatment Outcome AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a pharmacist-conducted educational and monitoring programme, designed to promote dietary and lifestyle modification and compliance with lipid-lowering drug therapy, for patients with dyslipidaemia. AB - METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. The participants were 94 adults, with 81 completing the study (intervention group: 39; control group: 42), with a cardiovascular-related diagnosis and discharged from hospital, between April and October 2001, on lipid-lowering drug therapy. Patients in the intervention group were visited at home monthly by a pharmacist, who educated the patients on the goals of lipid-lowering treatment and the importance of lifestyle issues in dyslipidaemia and compliance with therapy, assessed patients for drug-related problems, and measured total blood cholesterol levels using point-of-care testing. Patients in the control group received standard medical care. The main outcome measure was total blood cholesterol levels after 6 months, and an evaluation of patient and general practitioner satisfaction with the programme. AB - RESULTS: There was no significant difference in baseline total blood cholesterol levels between the two groups. The reduction over the course of the study in cholesterol levels within the intervention group was statistically significant (4.9 +/- 0.7 to 4.4 +/- 0.6, P<0.005), whereas there was no change within the control group (P=0.26). At follow-up, 44% of the intervention group patients and 24% of the control group patients had cholesterol levels below 4.0 mmol/L (P=0.06). The reduction in total cholesterol in the intervention group should translate to an expected 21% reduction in cardiovascular mortality risk and a 16% reduction in total mortality risk--more than twice the risk reduction achieved in the control group. In addition, the programme was very well received by the patients and their general practitioners, by satisfaction questionnaire. AB - CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-conducted educational and monitoring intervention improved the outcomes of lipid-lowering drug therapy. RN - 0 (Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) IS - 0269-4727 IL - 0269-4727 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2004 Feb DC - 20040129 YR - 2004 ED - 20040511 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=14748894 <498. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15038638 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fried JL AU - Reid BC AU - DeVore LE FA - Fried, Jacquelyn L FA - Reid, Britt C FA - DeVore, Linda E IN - Fried,Jacquelyn L. Dental Hygiene Program, Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA. jlf001@dental.umaryland.edu TI - A comparison of health professions student attitudes regarding tobacco curricula and interventionist roles. SO - Journal of Dental Education. 68(3):370-7, 2004 Mar. AS - J Dent Educ. 68(3):370-7, 2004 Mar. NJ - Journal of dental education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - hy7, 8000150 SB - Dental Journals SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Curriculum MH - Dental Hygienists/ed [Education] MH - Dental Hygienists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Education, Professional/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Ethics, Professional MH - Female MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Physical Therapy Specialty/ed [Education] MH - *Professional Role MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Students, Dental/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Nursing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Health care providers who feel prepared are more apt to assume tobacco interventionist roles; therefore, educational preparation is critical. A nonprobability sample of health professions students at an urban academic health center were asked to respond to a twenty-two-item survey eliciting demographic, behavioral, and tobacco-related attitudinal information. Frequency distributions were assessed with Pearson chi-square statistics. The overall response rate was 76.7 percent, and final sample size was 319. Current use of spit tobacco (ST) was 2.5 percent and current smoking 5.6 percent. In comparing current smokers to nonsmokers and current ST users to nonusers, we found that no differences in proportion agreeing with any of the five questions about attitudes and opinions were statistically significant at p-value 0.05. At least 70 percent of students from each of six health professions programs agreed it was their professional responsibility to help smokers quit, and at least 65 percent agreed to the same responsibility for helping ST users quit. The proportion agreeing that their programs had course content describing their role in helping patients quit tobacco use varied widely by program from 100 percent agreement among dental hygiene and pharmacy students to 14.6 percent of physical therapy students (p-value <0.001). When asked whether their program adequately prepared them to help smokers quit, agreement ranged from 100 percent among dental hygiene students to only 5.5 percent among physical therapy students (p-value <0.001). Almost 90 percent of dental hygiene students agreed that they were adequately trained to help ST users quit, but no other program had a percentage of agreement above 34 percent (p-value <0.001). Consistent and comprehensive multidisciplinary tobacco-related curricula could offer desirable standardization. IS - 0022-0337 IL - 0022-0337 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2004 Mar DC - 20040324 YR - 2004 ED - 20040408 RD - 20111117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15038638 <499. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14512261 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hudmon KS AU - Corelli RL AU - Chung E AU - Gundersen B AU - Kroon LA AU - Sakamoto LM AU - Hemberger KK AU - Fenlon C AU - Prokhorov AV FA - Hudmon, Kareen Suchanek FA - Corelli, Robin L FA - Chung, Eunice FA - Gundersen, Berit FA - Kroon, Lisa A FA - Sakamoto, Leann M FA - Hemberger, Kymberli K FA - Fenlon, Christine FA - Prokhorov, Alexander V IN - Hudmon,Kareen Suchanek. School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. khudmon@itsa.ucsf.edu TI - Development and implementation of a tobacco cessation training program for students in the health professions. SO - Journal of Cancer Education. 18(3):142-9, 2003. AS - J Cancer Educ. 18(3):142-9, 2003. NJ - Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - avy, 8610343 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - California MH - Clinical Competence MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Dental MH - *Education, Medical MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Program Evaluation MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] AB - BACKGROUND: A comprehensive tobacco cessation training program, Rx for Change, was developed and implemented as required coursework at all California schools of pharmacy and at the University of California San Francisco Schools of Medicine and Dentistry. AB - RESULTS: Post-training evaluations administered to pharmacy students (n = 544; 89% participation) show a positive impact of the training on students' self-reported abilities for providing tobacco cessation counseling to patients. AB - CONCLUSION: Designed as a vehicle for nationwide dissemination of the U.S. Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, Rx for Change equips students with skills to intervene with all tobacco users, including patients who are not yet considering quitting. IS - 0885-8195 IL - 0885-8195 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2003 DC - 20030926 YR - 2003 ED - 20040329 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14512261 <500. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14705759 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Grinage BD FA - Grinage, Bradley D IN - Grinage,Bradley D. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas 67214-3199, USA. bgrinage@kumc.edu TI - Diagnosis and management of post-traumatic stress disorder. [Review] [35 refs] CM - Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 2004 Sep 15;70(6):1031; PMID: 15456111 CM - Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 2005 Sep 1;72(5):758, 761; PMID: 16156334 CM - Comment on: Am Fam Physician. 2003 Dec 15;68(12):2409; PMID: 14705760 SO - American Family Physician. 68(12):2401-8, 2003 Dec 15. AS - Am Fam Physician. 68(12):2401-8, 2003 Dec 15. NJ - American family physician PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3bt, 1272646 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Humans MH - Prevalence MH - Prognosis MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/co [Complications] MH - *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis] MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/th [Therapy] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder that may cause significant distress and increased use of health resources, the condition often goes undiagnosed. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD in the United States is 8 to 9 percent, and approximately 25 to 30 percent of victims of significant trauma develop PTSD. The emotional and physical symptoms of PTSD occur in three clusters: re-experiencing the trauma, marked avoidance of usual activities, and increased symptoms of arousal. Before a diagnosis of PTSD can be made, the patient's symptoms must significantly disrupt normal activities and last for more than one month. Approximately 80 percent of patients with PTSD have at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder. The most common comorbid disorders include depression, alcohol and drug abuse, and other anxiety disorders. Treatment relies on a multidimensional approach, including supportive patient education, cognitive behavior therapy, and psychopharmacology. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment. [References: 35] IS - 0002-838X IL - 0002-838X PT - Comment PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2003 Dec 15 DC - 20040106 YR - 2003 ED - 20040220 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14705759 <501. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14531247 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - ASHP statement on the pharmacist's role in substance abuse prevention, education, and assistance. CM - Comment on: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003 Oct 1;60(19):1947; PMID: 14531239 SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 60(19):1995-8, 2003 Oct 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 60(19):1995-8, 2003 Oct 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Health Education MH - *Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] MH - Professional Impairment MH - *Professional Role MH - Societies, Pharmaceutical/st [Standards] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2003 Oct 1 DC - 20031008 YR - 2003 ED - 20040213 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14531247 <502. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14658990 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Doyle AC AU - Pollack MH FA - Doyle, Alicia C FA - Pollack, Mark H IN - Doyle,Alicia C. Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Related Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. TI - Establishment of remission criteria for anxiety disorders. [Review] [30 refs] SO - Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 64 Suppl 15:40-5, 2003. AS - J Clin Psychiatry. 64 Suppl 15:40-5, 2003. NJ - The Journal of clinical psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - hic, 7801243 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Anxiety Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Anxiety Disorders/ec [Economics] MH - *Anxiety Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Comorbidity MH - *Cost of Illness MH - Endpoint Determination MH - Guidelines as Topic MH - Humans MH - Psychotherapy MH - *Quality of Life MH - Reference Values MH - Remission Induction MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder are typically chronic conditions associated with high health care costs and are often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidity, including major depressive disorder, substance abuse, and other anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are associated with significant functional impairment in social, vocational, and familial spheres and with diminished overall quality of life. The following clinical overview provides informal guidelines for identifying remission in patients with an anxiety disorder. A systematic approach to treatment that includes patient education, encouragement of exposure, attention to relevant comorbidities, use of empirically proven pharmacotherapies, and psychosocial interventions of adequate intensity and duration will improve outcomes and move patients toward marked improvement and remission. [References: 30] IS - 0160-6689 IL - 0160-6689 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2003 DC - 20031208 YR - 2003 ED - 20040106 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14658990 <503. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14626521 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Small RE AU - James CW FA - Small, Ralph E FA - James, Christopher W IN - Small,Ralph E. School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA. TI - Smoking cessation: pharmacists helping patients kick the habit. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 43(5 Suppl 1):S26-7, 2003 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 43(5 Suppl 1):S26-7, 2003 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Humans MH - Nicotine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/ut [Utilization] MH - Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] AB - Nicotine is just as habit forming as "harder" drugs, and more deaths occur due to tobacco than other substances of abuse. Several treatments are available for pharmacists to recommend or dispense to patients attempting to stop smoking. The health benefits of quitting tobacco far outweigh the potential obstacles when beginning a smoking-cessation program. Pharmacists need to evaluate patients and their level of commitment to the program, provide education about behavioral modification, and follow-up with patients to support their efforts to quit smoking. RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 1544-3191 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Congresses LG - English DP - 2003 Sep-Oct DC - 20031120 YR - 2003 ED - 20031223 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14626521 <504. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12952316 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McDonough RP AU - Doucette WR FA - McDonough, Randal P FA - Doucette, William R IN - McDonough,Randal P. College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA. randal-mcdonough@uiowa.edu TI - Drug therapy management: an empirical report of drug therapy problems, pharmacists' interventions, and results of pharmacists' actions. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 43(4):511-8, 2003 Jul-Aug. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 43(4):511-8, 2003 Jul-Aug. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hyperlipidemias/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/ut [Utilization] MH - Pharmacies/ut [Utilization] MH - *Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Treatment Refusal AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine the number and types of drug therapy problems identified by pharmacists at six community pharmacies, identify the interventions made by these pharmacists in their attempts to resolve drug therapy problems, and determine the results of the pharmacists' actions taken to resolve drug therapy problems. AB - DESIGN: Retrospective review of patient records from pharmacies. AB - SETTING: Six community pharmacies that had participated in Project ImPACT: Hyperlipidemia. AB - PATIENTS: One hundred sixteen patients from Project ImPACT: Hyperlipidemia. AB - INTERVENTION: Drug therapy problems, pharmacists' interventions, and results of pharmacists' actions were identified and categorized. Drug therapy problems were classified into seven categories, pharmacists' interventions into six categories, and results were categorized into eight types. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were calculated for the measures. AB - RESULTS: A total of 512 initial drug therapy problems were reported for 116 patients in the 6 pharmacies. In addition to the initial interventions, pharmacists documented another 545 times in which they intervened on the original problems. There were 354 (69.1%) drug therapy problems associated with hyperlipidemia and 158 (30.9%) with other conditions. Overall, most common types of drug therapy problems were needs additional therapy (39.8%) and nonadherence to therapy (31.1%). The most common discretionary pharmacist interventions were patient education and physician communication, which occurred on average 4.63 and 3.30 times during the project period. The most common consequence of a pharmacist intervention was an increase in patient adherence, which was reported for almost half of the patients. AB - CONCLUSION: Drug therapy management (DTM) for patients with dyslipidemias identified frequent drug therapy problems associated with both hyperlipidemia and other conditions. Pharmacists used interventions that included laboratory testing, patient monitoring, patient education, and physician communication to influence patient adherence and optimize drug therapy. Although further research is needed, the findings of this analysis are promising for the more widespread adoption of a DTM role by community pharmacists. IS - 1544-3191 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2003 Jul-Aug DC - 20030903 YR - 2003 ED - 20031218 RD - 20151013 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12952316 <505. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12800060 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - PubMed-not-MEDLINE AU - Heading CE FA - Heading, Christine E IN - Heading,Christine E. Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK. moore11@globalnet.co.uk TI - TA-CD. Xenova. SO - Idrugs. 5(11):1070-4, 2002 Nov. AS - Idrugs. 5(11):1070-4, 2002 Nov. NJ - IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 100883655 CP - England AB - TA-CD (formerly IPC-1010), a cocaine conjugate that stimulates the production of antibodies against cocaine, is under development by Xenova (formerly Cantab) for the potential treatment of cocaine dependence [176912], [414867], [449997]. The vaccine was originally discovered at Stanford University and exclusively licensed to ImmuLogic Pharmaceuticals as IPC-1010 [176908]. It was renamed TA-CD when ownership was transferred to Cantab [463510], [463511]. By April 2002, a second phase IIa dose escalation trial was underway [445298], which was ongoing in September 2002 [463866]. IS - 1369-7056 IL - 1369-7056 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Nov DC - 20030611 YR - 2002 ED - 20031202 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=12800060 <506. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14640142 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kane JM AU - Leucht S AU - Carpenter D AU - Docherty JP AU - Expert Consensus Panel for Optimizing Pharmacologic Treatment of Psychotic Disorders FA - Kane, John M FA - Leucht, Stefan FA - Carpenter, Daniel FA - Docherty, John P FA - Expert Consensus Panel for Optimizing Pharmacologic Treatment of Psychotic Disorders TI - The expert consensus guideline series. Optimizing pharmacologic treatment of psychotic disorders. Introduction: methods, commentary, and summary. SO - Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 64 Suppl 12:5-19, 2003. AS - J Clin Psychiatry. 64 Suppl 12:5-19, 2003. NJ - The Journal of clinical psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - hic, 7801243 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Antipsychotic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - *Psychotic Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - OBJECTIVES: A growing number of atypical antipsychotics are available for clinicians to choose from in the treatment of psychotic disorders. However, a number of important questions concerning medication selection, dosing and dose equivalence, and the management of inadequate response, compliance problems, and relapse have not been adequately addressed by clinical trials. To aid clinical decision-making, a consensus survey of expert opinion on the pharmacologic treatment of psychotic disorders was undertaken to address questions not definitively answered in the research literature. AB - METHOD: Based on a literature review, a written survey was developed with 60 questions and 994 options. Approximately half of the options were scored using a modified version of the RAND 9-point scale for rating the appropriateness of medical decisions. For the other options, the experts were asked to write in answers (e.g., average doses) or check a box to indicate their preferred answer. The survey was sent to 50 national experts on the pharmacologic treatment of psychotic disorders, 47 (94%) of whom completed it. In analyzing the responses to items rated on the 9-point scale, consensus on each option was defined as a non random distribution of scores by chi-square "goodness-of-fit"test. We assigned a categorical rank (first line/preferred choice,second line/alternate choice, third line/usually inappropriate) to each option based on the 95% confidence interval around the mean rating. Guideline tables indicating preferred treatment strategies were then developed for key clinical situations. AB - RESULTS: The expert panel reached consensus on 88% of the options rated on the 9-point scale. The experts overwhelmingly endorsed the atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of psychotic disorders. Risperidone was the top choice for first-episode and multi-episode patients, with the other newer atypicals rated first line or high second line depending on the clinical situation. Clozapine and a long-acting injectable atypical (when available)were other high second line options for multi-episode patients. The expert's dosing recommendations agreed closely with the package inserts for the drugs, and their estimates of dose equivalence among the antipsychotics followed a linear pattern. The experts considered 3-6 weeks an adequate antipsychotic trial, but would wait a little longer (4-10 weeks) before making a major change in treatment regimen if there is a partial response. The experts recommended trying to improve response by increasing the dose of atypical and depot antipsychotics before switching to a different agent; there was less agreement about increasing the dose of conventional antipsychotics before switching, probably because of concern about side effects at higher doses. If it is decided to switch because of inadequate response, risperidone was the expert's first choice to switch to, no matter what drug was initially tried. Although there was some disparity in the expert's recommendations concerning how many agents to try before switching to clozapine, the expert's responses suggest that switching to clozapine should be Clozapine was also the antipsychotic of choice for patients with suicidal behavior. When switching oral antipsychotics,the experts considered cross-titration the preferred strategy. When switching to an injectable antipsychotic, the experts stressed the importance of continuing the oral antipsychotic until therapeutic levels of the injectable agent are achieved. The experts considered psychosocial interventions the first choice strategy for partially compliant patients, with pharmacologic interventions the first choice for patients with clear evidence of noncompliance. However, because it can be difficult to distinguish partially compliant from noncompliant patients, the editors recommended combining psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to improve compliance whenever possible. When patients relapse because of compliance problems or if there is any doubt about compliance, the experts recommended the use of a long-acting injectable antipsychotic and would select an injectable atypical when this option becomes available. The experts would also consider using an injectable atypical antipsychotic (when available) in many clinical situations that do not involve compliance problems. The experts stressed the importance of monitoring for health problems-especially obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular problems,HIV risk behaviors, medical complications of substance abuse, heavy smoking and its effects, hypertension, and amenorrhea-in patients being treated with antipsychotics. Although many patients are prescribed adjunctive treatments,multiple antipsychotics, and combinations of different classes of drugs (e.g., antipsychotics plus mood stabilizers or antidepressants) in an effort to enhance response, the experts gave little support to any of these strategies, with the exception of antidepressants for patients with dysphoria/depression, antidepressants or ECT for patients with suicidal behavior, and mood stabilizers for patients with aggression/violence. When asked about indicators of remission and recovery, the experts considered acute improvement in psychotic symptoms the most important indicator of remission, whereas they considered more sustained improvement in multiple outcome domains (e.g., occupational/educational functioning, peer relationships,independent living) important in assessing recovery. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The experts reached a high level of consensus on many of the key treatment questions in the survey. Within the limits of expert opinion and with the expectation that future research data will take precedence, these guidelines provide direction for addressing common clinical dilemmas that arise in the pharmacologic treatment of psychotic disorders. They can be used to inform clinicians and educate patients regarding the relative merits of a variety of interventions. Clinicians should keep in mind that no guidelines can address the complexities involved in the care of each individual patient and that sound clinical judgment based on clinical experience should be used in applying these recommendations. RN - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents) IS - 0160-6689 IL - 0160-6689 PT - Journal Article PT - Practice Guideline LG - English DP - 2003 DC - 20031125 YR - 2003 ED - 20031126 RD - 20091103 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14640142 <507. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12913365 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Brewer C AU - Streel E FA - Brewer, Colin FA - Streel, Emmannuel IN - Brewer,Colin. The Stapleford Centre, London, United Kingdom. cbrewer@doctors.net.uk TI - Learning the language of abstinence in addiction treatment: some similarities between relapse-prevention with disulfiram, naltrexone, and other pharmacological antagonists and intensive "immersion" methods of foreign language teaching. [Review] [83 refs] SO - Substance Abuse. 24(3):157-73, 2003 Sep. AS - Subst Abus. 24(3):157-73, 2003 Sep. NJ - Substance abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8808537, 101514834 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - Adaptation, Psychological MH - *Alcohol Deterrents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Alcoholism/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - *Behavior Control/mt [Methods] MH - Behavior Control/px [Psychology] MH - *Disulfiram/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Language MH - *Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Secondary Prevention MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Teaching AB - Relapse-prevention (RP) is an educational process. Learning to abstain from alcohol or opiates after years of dependence involves selectively suppressing old, maladaptive habits of thought and behavior and establishing new, adaptive ones. This process resembles foreign language (FL) learning. Effective FL teaching techniques are relevant to RP. "Immersion," the most effective FL teaching method, discourages students from using their first language ab initio, requiring them to use the FL instead, however inexpertly. It resembles exposure and response-prevention for phobic or compulsive disorders. Supervised disulfiram aids RP by discouraging alcoholics from responding to real-life drinking cues in the "language" of excessive drinking, requiring them, ab initio, to practice new, alcohol-free responses. Supervised or depot naltrexone acts similarly in opiate dependence. We discuss the concept of antagonist-assisted abstinence. [References: 83] RN - 0 (Alcohol Deterrents) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - TR3MLJ1UAI (Disulfiram) IS - 0889-7077 IL - 0889-7077 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2003 Sep DC - 20030812 YR - 2003 ED - 20031107 RD - 20150330 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12913365 <508. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12889503 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lau WM AU - Chan K AU - Yung TH AU - Lee AS FA - Lau, Wai-Man FA - Chan, Kit FA - Yung, Tsz-Ho FA - Lee, Anna See-Wing IN - Lau,Wai-Man. Professional & Clinical Service Development Section, Chief Pharmacist Office, Hospital Authority Head Office, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong. lauwm@ha.org.hk TI - Outreach pharmacy service in old age homes: a Hong Kong experience. SO - Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA. 66(6):346-54, 2003 Jun. AS - J Chin Med Assoc. 66(6):346-54, 2003 Jun. NJ - Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101174817 SB - Index Medicus CP - China (Republic : 1949- ) MH - Aged MH - *Health Services for the Aged MH - Hong Kong MH - Humans MH - *Nursing Homes MH - *Pharmaceutical Services AB - BACKGROUND: To explore drug-related problems in old age homes in Hong Kong through outreach pharmacy service. AB - METHODS: A standard form was used by outreach pharmacists to identify drug-related problems at old age homes. Homes were selected through random sampling, voluntary participation or adverse selection. Initial observation and assessment were performed in the first and second weeks. Appropriate advice and recommendations were given upon assessment and supplemented by a written report. Educational talks were provided to staff of the homes in addition to other drug information materials. At week 7 to 9, evaluations were carried out. AB - RESULTS: Eighty-five homes were assessed and identified to have problems in the drug management system. These problems could generally be classified into physical storage (8.8%), quality of storage (19.2%), drug administration system (13.3%), documentation (16.4%), and drug knowledge of staff of homes (42.2%). Quality of drug storage was the most common problem found, followed by documentation and drug knowledge (73%, 50% and 44% of points assessed with problems, respectively). Apart from lack of drug knowledge and unawareness of potential risks by staff, minimal professional standards unmet may be fundamentally related to lack of professional input and inadequacy in legislation. Most homes demonstrated significant improvements upon simple interventions, from a majority of homes with more than 10 problems to a majority with less than 5 problems. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Diverse problems in drug management are common in old age homes, which warrants attention and professional inputs. Simple interventions and education by pharmacists are shown to be effective in improving the quality of drug management and hence care to residents. While future financing of old age home service can be reviewed within the social context to provide incentives for improvement, review of regulatory policy with enforcement may be more fundamental and effective in upholding the service standard. IS - 1726-4901 IL - 1726-4901 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2003 Jun DC - 20030731 YR - 2003 ED - 20031002 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12889503 <509. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12789872 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Calabrese AT AU - Cholka K AU - Lenhart SE AU - McCarty B AU - Zewe G AU - Sunseri D AU - Roberts M AU - Kapoor W FA - Calabrese, Amy T FA - Cholka, Kerry FA - Lenhart, Susan E FA - McCarty, Beth FA - Zewe, Gretchen FA - Sunseri, Diane FA - Roberts, Mark FA - Kapoor, Wishwa IN - Calabrese,Amy T. University of Pittsburgh (UP), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Presbyterian (UPMC-Presbyterian), Pittsburgh, PA, USA. TI - Pharmacist involvement in a multidisciplinary inpatient medication education program. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 60(10):1012-8, 2003 May 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 60(10):1012-8, 2003 May 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Administration, Oral MH - Humans MH - *Inpatients/ed [Education] MH - *Patient Care Team MH - Patient Compliance MH - *Patient Education as Topic/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Self Administration MH - United States AB - The development of a multidisciplinary inpatient medication education program is described. A multidisciplinary group designed and implemented a medication education program with defined roles for both nurses and pharmacists. Nurses provided medication education to patients during each medication administration using specially designed assessment and teaching tools. The nursing staff submitted requests for pharmacist consultations for patients with complex medication regimens, who were admitted because of a drug-related problem or who required additional teaching as determined through the medication education assessment form. A complex medication regimen was defined as the administration of oral medication more than five different times per day, the start of at least 5 new medications that would be continued at discharge, or the prescribing of at least 10 medications to be taken daily that would be continued at discharge. Pharmacists provided education for 19% of admitted patients during a six-month period. As a result of pharmacists' interactions with prescribers and nurses, the number of medications was reduced in 12% of these patients, and the number of medication administrations each day was reduced in 19% of patients. In addition, for 33% of patients, pharmacists contacted the prescriber to make recommendations beyond the scope of the medication education program that optimized and simplified the patient's drug regimen. The development of a structured medication education program allowed patients to receive medication education throughout their hospitalization from both nurses and pharmacists. Pharmacists provided education for patients at highest risk for noncompliance or poor outcomes. Full implementation of a medication education program involving staff pharmacists is planned. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2003 May 15 DC - 20030606 YR - 2003 ED - 20030829 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12789872 <510. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12792006 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ruths S AU - Straand J AU - Nygaard HA FA - Ruths, S FA - Straand, J FA - Nygaard, H A IN - Ruths,S. Section for Geriatric Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway. sabine.ruths@isf.uib.no TI - Multidisciplinary medication review in nursing home residents: what are the most significant drug-related problems? The Bergen District Nursing Home (BEDNURS) study. SO - Quality & Safety in Health Care. 12(3):176-80, 2003 Jun. AS - Qual Saf Health Care. 12(3):176-80, 2003 Jun. NJ - Quality & safety in health care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101136980 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1743717 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - England MH - Aged MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Drug Therapy/ut [Utilization] MH - *Drug Utilization Review MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Health Services Misuse MH - Health Services Research MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Medication Errors MH - Norway MH - *Nursing Homes/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] AB - AIM: Based on a multidisciplinary review of drug use in nursing home residents, this study aimed to identify the most frequent clinically relevant medication problems and to analyse them according to the drugs involved and types of problems. AB - METHODS: Cross sectional study auditing drug use by 1354 residents in 23 nursing homes in Bergen, Norway. Data were collected in 1997. A physician/pharmacist panel performed a comprehensive medication review with regard to indications for drug use and active medical conditions. The drug related problems were subsequently classified according to the drugs involved and types of problems (indication, effectiveness, and safety issues). AB - RESULTS: 2445 potential medication problems were identified in 1036 (76%) residents. Psychoactive drugs accounted for 38% of all problems; antipsychotics were the class most often involved. Multiple psychoactive drug use was considered particularly problematic. Potential medication problems were most frequently classified as risk of adverse drug reactions (26%), inappropriate drug choice for indication (20%), and underuse of beneficial treatment (13%). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Three of four nursing home residents had clinically relevant medication problems, most of which were accounted for by psychoactive drugs. The most frequent concerns were related to adverse drug reactions, drug choice, and probable undertreatment. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 1475-3898 IL - 1475-3898 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2003 Jun DC - 20030606 YR - 2003 ED - 20030730 RD - 20140611 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12792006 <511. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12813853 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Stark C AU - Gibson H AU - Travers K AU - Gardner B FA - Stark, C FA - Gibson, H FA - Travers, K FA - Gardner, B IN - Stark,C. Highland Health Board, Beechwood Park, Inverness. TI - Drug action team strategies in Scotland. SO - Health Bulletin. 58(1):53-7, 2000 Jan. AS - Health Bull (Edinb). 58(1):53-7, 2000 Jan. NJ - Health bulletin PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - g1y, 0012330, 19030070r SB - Index Medicus CP - Scotland MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Child MH - *Community Health Planning/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Drug and Narcotic Control/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Governing Board MH - Humans MH - *Institutional Management Teams MH - Interinstitutional Relations MH - Planning Techniques MH - Police MH - Schools MH - Scotland MH - Social Work MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Universities AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare the Strategic Plans of Scottish Drug Action Teams (DATs) to the recommendations of the Scottish Office Ministerial Task Force Report. AB - DESIGN: Extraction of information from the strategic plans of DATs. AB - SETTING: All 15 Scottish DATs 1995-96. AB - RESULTS: Five DATs did not include a membership list in their Strategy, and two stated the organisations represented, but not the identity of individual members. Where individuals were identified, Health Boards, Social Work departments, Education and Police were always members. The median number of members was 12 (range 4-16). Most areas had plans to improve information on drug misuse. Every plan mentioned preventive work with young people. In Criminal Justice settings, use of Children's Hearings (20% of plans), substitute prescribing linked to probation (13%) and prison aftercare schemes (33%) were mentioned less commonly. Substitute prescribing (87% of DATs), the role of General Practitioners (100%) and monitoring mechanisms (87%) were the service issues mentioned most often. Of other service issues in the Ministerial Report, those mentioned least by DATs were childcare linked to services (20%); services for people from ethnic minorities (33%); education on dangers of injecting to existing drug users (33%); women--only residential services (33%); services for women (46%) and role of pharmacists (53%). AB - CONCLUSION: Membership was from a core of statutory agencies. Young people were the priority of most DATs. Criminal Justice arrangements and services for special groups of people were not well developed in many plans. DATs should review their focus on these groups. IS - 0374-8014 IL - 0374-8014 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2000 Jan DC - 20030619 YR - 2000 ED - 20030722 RD - 20091111 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12813853 <512. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12764233 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Broderick JP AU - Viscoli CM AU - Brott T AU - Kernan WN AU - Brass LM AU - Feldmann E AU - Morgenstern LB AU - Wilterdink JL AU - Horwitz RI AU - Hemorrhagic Stroke Project Investigators FA - Broderick, Joseph P FA - Viscoli, Catherine M FA - Brott, Thomas FA - Kernan, Walter N FA - Brass, Lawrence M FA - Feldmann, Edward FA - Morgenstern, Lewis B FA - Wilterdink, Janet Lee FA - Horwitz, Ralph I FA - Hemorrhagic Stroke Project Investigators IN - Broderick,Joseph P. Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA. joseph.Broderick@uc.edu TI - Major risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young are modifiable. SO - Stroke. 34(6):1375-81, 2003 Jun. AS - Stroke. 34(6):1375-81, 2003 Jun. NJ - Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - v2j, 0235266 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Body Mass Index MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Cohort Studies MH - Comorbidity MH - Cooperative Behavior MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Odds Ratio MH - Phenylpropanolamine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Distribution MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Stroke/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - *Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Thinness MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To identify risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage, we designed a case-control study of men and women 18 to 49 years of age (the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project [HSP]). This report focuses on SAH. AB - METHODS: Patients were recruited from 44 hospitals in the United States. Cases with SAH must have had a ruptured aneurysm documented by angiography or surgery. Two controls, identified by random digit dialing and matched to each patient for age, sex, race, and telephone exchange, were sought for each case subject. AB - RESULTS: Between 1994 and 1999, 425 patients with SAH were enrolled in HSP, and 312 cases met the criteria for aneurysmal SAH. The present analyses also included 618 matched controls. Of the 312 cases, 66% were current cigarette smokers compared with 30% of controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.73; 95% CI, 2.67 to 5.21). Cocaine use within the previous 3-day period was reported by 3% of cases and no controls (bivariate exact OR, 24.97; 95% exact CI, 3.95 to infinity; adjusted estimate not calculable). Other independent risk factors in the multivariable model included hypertension (adjusted OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.48 to 3.29), low body mass index (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.35), primary family history of hemorrhagic stroke (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.73 to 8.46), caffeine in pharmaceutical products (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.20), lower educational achievement (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.87), and nicotine in pharmaceutical products (adjusted estimate not calculable). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Aneurysmal SAH may be largely a preventable disease among the young and middle-aged because several prevalent risk factors can be modified by medication (eg, hypertension) or behavioral change (eg, cigarette smoking, cocaine use). The association of caffeine and nicotine in pharmaceutical products and aneurysmal SAH warrants further study. RN - 33RU150WUN (Phenylpropanolamine) ES - 1524-4628 IL - 0039-2499 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20030522 DP - 2003 Jun DC - 20030606 YR - 2003 ED - 20030626 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12764233 <513. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12220607 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kreek MJ AU - Vocci FJ FA - Kreek, Mary Jeanne FA - Vocci, Frank J IN - Kreek,Mary Jeanne. The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University and The Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA. TI - History and current status of opioid maintenance treatments: blending conference session. [Review] [107 refs] SO - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 23(2):93-105, 2002 Sep. AS - J Subst Abuse Treat. 23(2):93-105, 2002 Sep. NJ - Journal of substance abuse treatment PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - kai, 8500909 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Clinical Trials as Topic MH - History, 20th Century MH - Humans MH - Methadone/hi [History] MH - *Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Methadyl Acetate/hi [History] MH - *Methadyl Acetate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Naloxone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Narcotics/hi [History] MH - *Narcotics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/hi [History] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] AB - Opiate addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder. Left untreated, high morbidity and mortality rates are seen. Pharmacotherapies for this disorder using mu opiate agonists (methadone and levomethadyl acetate) and partial agonists have been developed in the last 40 years. Agonist pharmacotherapy with oral methadone for the treatment of opiate dependence was developed in clinical pharmacology studies at Rockefeller University by Dole, Nyswander, and Kreek. Further studies by this laboratory and others established that moderate to high dose treatment with methadone (80-120 mg) reduced or eliminated opiate use in outpatient settings with consequent reductions in morbidity and up to 4-fold reductions in mortality. Levomethadyl acetate (LAAM), a congener of methadone, is biotransformed to active metabolites responsible for its longer duration of action. The Federal Regulations regarding the dispensation of methadone and LAAM have recently been revised to facilitate the treatment of patients under a "medical maintenance" model. Future regulatory reform will likely involve the establishment of rules for "office based opioid treatment."Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. [References: 107] RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - L59OC40KWJ (Methadyl Acetate) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0740-5472 IL - 0740-5472 PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - DA K05-00049 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA P50-05130 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA R01-12848 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - M01-RR00102 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2002 Sep DC - 20020910 YR - 2002 ED - 20030221 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12220607 <514. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12438837 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lintzeris N AU - Ritter A AU - Dunlop A AU - Muhleisen P FA - Lintzeris, Nicholas FA - Ritter, Alison FA - Dunlop, Adrian FA - Muhleisen, Peter IN - Lintzeris,Nicholas. Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Melbourne, Australia. TI - Training primary health care professionals to provide buprenorphine and LAAM treatment. SO - Substance Abuse. 23(4):245-54, 2002 Dec. AS - Subst Abus. 23(4):245-54, 2002 Dec. NJ - Substance abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8808537, 101514834 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands MH - *Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Education, Medical, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Education, Medical, Continuing/st [Standards] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/mt [Methods] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - *Methadyl Acetate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Pharmacists MH - Physicians, Family/ed [Education] MH - Professional Competence MH - Quality of Health Care MH - *Receptors, Opioid/ag [Agonists] AB - This paper describes the development and implementation of training programs for primary care medical practitioners and pharmacists in the delivery of buprenorphine and LAAM treatment in the management of opiate dependence. Separate training programs were developed for each medication. Each training package included learning objectives, training materials, and assessment instruments. Findings of the evaluation of these initiatives and the subsequent Australian postregistration training program for buprenorphine are described. RN - 0 (Receptors, Opioid) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - L59OC40KWJ (Methadyl Acetate) IS - 0889-7077 IL - 0889-7077 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2002 Dec DC - 20021119 YR - 2002 ED - 20030219 RD - 20150330 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12438837 <515. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12369473 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Marlatt GA AU - Witkiewitz K FA - Marlatt, G Alan FA - Witkiewitz, Katie IN - Marlatt,G Alan. Addictive Behaviors Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. marlatt@u.washington.edu TI - Harm reduction approaches to alcohol use: health promotion, prevention, and treatment. [Review] [106 refs] SO - Addictive Behaviors. 27(6):867-86, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - Addict Behav. 27(6):867-86, 2002 Nov-Dec. NJ - Addictive behaviors PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 2gw, 7603486 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adolescent MH - Adolescent Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Alcohol Deterrents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Alcohol Drinking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Alcoholism/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Alcoholism/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Alcoholism/th [Therapy] MH - Behavior Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Harm Reduction MH - Health Education/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Health Promotion/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Health Services Accessibility/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Preventive Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic AB - Harm reduction approaches to alcohol problems have endured a controversial history in both the research literature and the popular media. Although several studies have demonstrated that controlled drinking is possible and that moderation-based treatments may be preferred over abstinence-only approaches, the public and institutional views of alcohol treatment still support zero-tolerance. After describing the problems with zero-tolerance and the benefits of moderate drinking, the research literature describing prevention and intervention approaches consistent with a harm reduction philosophy are presented. Literature is reviewed on universal prevention programs for young adolescents, selective and indicated prevention for college students, moderation-based self-help approaches, prevention and interventions in primary care settings, pharmacological treatments, and psychosocial approaches with moderation goals. Overall, empirical studies have demonstrated that harm reduction approaches to alcohol problems are at least as effective as abstinence-oriented approaches at reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Based on these findings, we discuss the importance of individualizing alcohol prevention and intervention to accommodate the preferences and needs of the targeted person or population. In recognizing the multifaceted nature of behavior change, harm reduction efforts seek to meet the individual where he or she is at and assist that person in the direction of positive behavior change, whether that change involves abstinence, moderate drinking, or the reduction of alcohol-related harm. The limitations of harm reduction and recommendations for future research are discussed. [References: 106] RN - 0 (Alcohol Deterrents) IS - 0306-4603 IL - 0306-4603 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2002 Nov-Dec DC - 20021008 YR - 2002 ED - 20030131 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12369473 <516. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12479250 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Inturrisi CE FA - Inturrisi, Charles E IN - Inturrisi,Charles E. Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Pain and Palliative Care Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. TI - Clinical pharmacology of opioids for pain. [Review] [43 refs] SO - Clinical Journal of Pain. 18(4 Suppl):S3-13, 2002 Jul-Aug. AS - Clin J Pain. 18(4 Suppl):S3-13, 2002 Jul-Aug. NJ - The Clinical journal of pain PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - beg, 8507389 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Analgesics, Opioid/cl [Classification] MH - Analgesics, Opioid/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Chronic Disease MH - Comorbidity MH - Drug Tolerance MH - Humans MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/mo [Mortality] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MH - Psychotic Disorders/co [Complications] MH - Psychotic Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Psychotic Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Psychotic Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Receptors, Opioid/ph [Physiology] MH - Risk Assessment MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/co [Complications] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/di [Diagnosis] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/th [Therapy] AB - The pharmacological effects of the opioid analgesics are derived from their complex interactions with three opioid receptor types (mu, delta, and kappa; morphine is an agonist at the mu opioid receptor). These receptors are found in the periphery, at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and in the brain stem, thalamus, and cortex, in what constitutes the ascending pain transmission system, as well as structures that comprise a descending inhibitory system that modulates pain at the level of the spinal cord. The cellular effects of opioids include a decrease in presynaptic transmitter release, hyperpolarization of postsynaptic elements, and disinhibition. The endogenous opioid peptides are part of an endogenous pain modulatory system. A number of opioids are available for clinical use, including morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, oxycodone, and fentanyl, and their advantages and disadvantages for the management of pain are discussed. An understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties, as well as issues related to opioid rotation, tolerance, dependence, and addiction are essential aspects of the clinical pharmacology of opioids for pain. [References: 43] RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Receptors, Opioid) IS - 0749-8047 IL - 0749-8047 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - DA00198 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA01457 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - NS41073 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2002 Jul-Aug DC - 20021213 YR - 2002 ED - 20030130 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12479250 <517. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12489617 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rich JD AU - Martin EG AU - Macalino GE AU - Paul RV AU - McNamara S AU - Taylor LE FA - Rich, Josiah D FA - Martin, Erika G FA - Macalino, Grace E FA - Paul, Rowan V FA - McNamara, Susan FA - Taylor, Lynn E IN - Rich,Josiah D. Brown Medical School, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA. jrich@lifespan.org TI - Pharmacist support for selling syringes without a prescription to injection drug users in Rhode Island. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(6 Suppl 2):S58-61, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(6 Suppl 2):S58-61, 2002 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Data Collection MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists MH - Prescriptions MH - Rhode Island MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine pharmacists' attitudes and obstacles to syringe sales to IDUs without prescriptions in Rhode Island, around the time that such sales became legal in the state. AB - DESIGN: Self-administered written survey. AB - SETTING: Rhode Island. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 400 randomly selected pharmacist members of the Rhode Island Pharmacists Association. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses to survey items. AB - RESULTS: Of the 400 pharmacists contacted, 131 (33%) completed and returned the survey; of these, 101 (77%) were pharmacists who worked in stores that provided direct nonprescription syringe sales to the public. The majority of these 101 pharmacists were willing to sell syringes to a suspected IDU without a prescription (65%), favored providing free sharps containers for disposal (68%), and supported providing pamphlets on safer injection practices (88%). Willingness to sell syringes to IDUs without a prescription was significantly correlated with various beliefs about possible consequences of sales. AB - CONCLUSION: The high level of support for nonprescription syringe sales to IDUs is promising. The correlation between the willingness to sell syringes to IDUs without a prescription and various beliefs suggests that future educational interventions might encourage pharmacists to sell syringes to this population without a prescription to decrease HIV and hepatitis transmission. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - K20-DA00268 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - P30-AI-42853 (United States NIAID NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA14853-01 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2002 Nov-Dec DC - 20021219 YR - 2002 ED - 20030127 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12489617 <518. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12489616 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Reich W AU - Compton WM AU - Horton JC AU - Cottler LB AU - Cunningham-Williams RM AU - Booth R AU - Singer M AU - Leukefeld C AU - Fink J AU - Stopka T AU - Corsi KF AU - Tindall MS FA - Reich, Wendy FA - Compton, Wilson M FA - Horton, Joe C FA - Cottler, Linda B FA - Cunningham-Williams, Renee M FA - Booth, Robert FA - Singer, Merrill FA - Leukefeld, Carl FA - Fink, Joseph FA - Stopka, Tom FA - Corsi, Karen Fortuin FA - Tindall, Michelle Staton IN - Reich,Wendy. Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. wendyr@twins.wustl.edu TI - Pharmacist ambivalence about sale of syringes to injection drug users. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(6 Suppl 2):S52-7, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(6 Suppl 2):S52-7, 2002 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Focus Groups MH - Humans MH - Legislation, Medical MH - *Pharmacists MH - Rural Population MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - Urban Population AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine pharmacists' attitudes and practices surrounding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among injection drug users. AB - DESIGN: Focus groups. AB - SETTING: Urban and rural sites in Colorado, Connecticut, Kentucky, and Missouri. AB - PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Eight focus groups, with 4 to 11 pharmacists participating in each group. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Transcripts of focus group discussions were evaluated for common themes by the authors and through the use of NUD*IST. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Willingness to sell syringes to all customers, views on syringe exchange programs (SEPs), knowledge of laws governing syringe sales and racial, ethnic, or gender biases in syringe selling practices. AB - RESULTS: Two pharmacists established their own policies of selling syringes to everyone, and three expressed a willingness to have their pharmacies serve as SEPs. A total of 20% of the pharmacists expressed an interest in learning more about the efficacy of SEPs and distribution of syringes by pharmacists, and were willing to change their views based on this information. Many also indicated a general willingness to work with SEPs or to participate in the effort to curb the spread of HIV. However, a majority of pharmacists opposed having SEPs in their pharmacies and reported selling syringes only within specific limits: to known diabetics, to individuals who looked reasonable, or to individuals who presented a logical explanation. No racial, ethnic, or gender bias was observed. AB - CONCLUSION: Opinions among pharmacists varied across and within sites. While a majority of pharmacists would not establish SEPs in their own pharmacies, nearly all would participate in other HIV-prevention programs. Educational programs for pharmacists may be valuable in HIV-prevention efforts. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA00430 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA00488 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA12340 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2002 Nov-Dec DC - 20021219 YR - 2002 ED - 20030127 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12489616 <519. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12489615 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lewis BA AU - Koester SK AU - Bush TW FA - Lewis, Beth A FA - Koester, Stephen K FA - Bush, Trevor W IN - Lewis,Beth A. University of California at Irvine, USA. TI - Pharmacists' attitudes and concerns regarding syringe sales to injection drug users in Denver, Colorado. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(6 Suppl 2):S46-51, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(6 Suppl 2):S46-51, 2002 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Colorado MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - HIV Infections/tm [Transmission] MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Legislation, Medical MH - Needle-Exchange Programs MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] AB - OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing pharmacists' decisions about selling syringes to injection drug users (IDUs). AB - DESIGN: Audiotaped interviews. AB - SETTING: Denver, Colorado. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two pharmacists at 24 pharmacies. AB - INTERVENTION: One-hour semistructured interviews. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Practices regarding syringe sales to IDUs and factors influencing the practices. AB - RESULTS: Of the 32 pharmacists interviewed, 16 indicated that they sold syringes to all customers ("pro-sell"), 11 refused to sell unless shown proof of diabetic status ("no-sell"), and 5 were "undecided." Several factors influenced the decision to sell. A perceived conflict between prevention of disease and prevention of drug abuse most clearly distinguished the three categories, with pro-sell pharmacists more likely than others to prioritize disease prevention and believe that syringe sales would not increase drug abuse. Business concerns, such as the effect of the presence of IDUs on other customers and the possibility of discarded syringes around the store, were especially prevalent among no-sell and undecided pharmacists. Seventeen pharmacists did not know about Colorado laws governing syringe sales. Four no-sell pharmacists used the laws to justify their decision not to sell, and two undecided pharmacists said they used the law when they did not want to sell syringes to IDU. All pharmacists supported syringe exchange programs. AB - CONCLUSION: One-half of the pharmacists sold syringes to IDUs, and several more indicated that they would do so if certain concerns were addressed. These data suggest that improved syringe disposal options, continuing education programs, and clarification of existing laws and regulations would encourage more pharmacists in Denver to sell syringes to IDUs. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - TS 270-13/13 (United States ATSDR CDC HHS) LG - English DP - 2002 Nov-Dec DC - 20021219 YR - 2002 ED - 20030127 RD - 20111206 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12489615 <520. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12489614 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Taussig J AU - Junge B AU - Burris S AU - Jones TS AU - Sterk CE FA - Taussig, Jennifer FA - Junge, Benjamin FA - Burris, Scott FA - Jones, T Stephen FA - Sterk, Claire E IN - Taussig,Jennifer. Georgia Department of Corrections, Atlanta 30334, USA. taussj00@dcor.state.ga.us TI - Individual and structural influences shaping pharmacists' decisions to sell syringes to injection drug users in Atlanta, Georgia. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(6 Suppl 2):S40-5, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(6 Suppl 2):S40-5, 2002 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - African Americans MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Georgia MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] AB - OBJECTIVE: To better understand the individual (e.g., attitudes and beliefs) and structural (e.g., laws and regulations) factors that influence and shape pharmacists' decisions about selling syringes to injection drug users (IDUs). AB - DESIGN: Qualitative research. AB - SETTING: Metropolitan Atlanta. PARICIPANTS: 20 practicing pharmacists who work in or near areas of high drug use in Atlanta, and nine pharmacists who are considered leaders in their profession in Georgia. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Semistructured, in-depth interviews. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Individual and structural factors that influence pharmacists' decisions about selling syringes to IDUs. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists reported that they use their professional discretion in making syringe sale decisions and that these decisions are influenced by individuals factors such as their personal attitudes and beliefs about the nature and causes of drug use, and by structural factors such as the Georgia Board of Pharmacy regulation stating that syringes cannot be sold if they will be used for an "unlawful purpose." AB - CONCLUSIONS: IDUs' access to sterile syringes from pharmacies in Atlanta, would likely be increased by (1) providing practicing pharmacists with professional education programs that describe the broad professional support for IDU access to sterile syringes and why blood-borne infection prevention is a legitimate medical purpose for selling syringes and (2) removing or modifying the restrictive Board of Pharmacy regulation governing syringe sales. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Nov-Dec DC - 20021219 YR - 2002 ED - 20030127 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12489614 <521. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12489613 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Blumenthal WJ AU - Springer KW AU - Jones TS AU - Sterk CE FA - Blumenthal, Wendy J FA - Springer, Kristen W FA - Jones, T Stephen FA - Sterk, Claire E IN - Blumenthal,Wendy J. Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Wblumenthal@cdc.gov TI - Pharmacy student knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about selling syringes to injection drug users. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(6 Suppl 2):S34-9, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(6 Suppl 2):S34-9, 2002 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] AB - OBJECTIVE: To explore pharmacy school education and pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), drug use, and syringe sales to injection drug users (IDUs). AB - DESIGN: Qualitative study of a convenience sample of pharmacy school students. AB - SETTING: A pharmacy school in the southeastern United States. AB - INTERVENTION: Two focus groups and nine in-depth interviews were conducted about HIV/AIDS education and counseling, syringe sales to possible IDUs, and related pharmacy school education. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 19 Doctor of Pharmacy students, including 88 students in their third professional year and 11 in their fourth professional year. AB - RESULTS: Most participants believed that they would benefit from more class time on HIV/AIDS topics, including AIDS treatment medications and HIV prevention. Most participants believed that the laws and regulations governing syringe sales in their state were vague, leaving syringe sale decisions to pharmacists' discretion. Nine study participants supported selling syringes to possible IDUs, five opposed it, and five were undecided or ambivalent. Classroom education focused on addiction to prescription drugs, with limited attention to illicit drug use. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students have divided opinions about selling syringes to IDUs. To prepare students for helping their patients with drug-use problems, pharmacy schools should increase training about HIV/AIDS and addiction. Policy makers should consider changing laws and regulations of syringe sales to recognize prevention of blood-borne infections as a legitimate medical purpose for selling syringes to IDUs. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Nov-Dec DC - 20021219 YR - 2002 ED - 20030127 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12489613 <522. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12489604 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Burris S AU - Vernick JS AU - Ditzler A AU - Strathdee S FA - Burris, Scott FA - Vernick, Jon S FA - Ditzler, Alyssa FA - Strathdee, Steffanie IN - Burris,Scott. Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. scott.burris@temple.edu TI - The legality of selling or giving syringes to injection drug users. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(6 Suppl 2):S13-8, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(6 Suppl 2):S13-8, 2002 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Humans MH - *Legislation, Medical/td [Trends] MH - Needle-Exchange Programs MH - Pharmacists MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVES: Laws limiting access to sterile syringes impede the public health goal that injection drug users (IDUs) use a new, sterile syringe for every injection to reduce blood-borne disease transmission. We sought to determine the legality of selling or giving syringes to IDUs to prevent disease. AB - DESIGN: We used standard legal research methods to identify and analyze laws and regulations influencing the distribution of syringes in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. AB - RESULTS: A total of 51 jurisdictions had drug paraphernalia laws; 14 had syringe prescription laws or regulations; 11 required purchasers to show identification; 13 had legislation authorizing syringe exchange programs (SEPs). Since the beginning of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, 11 states have fully or partially deregulated syringe sales. Nonprescription retail syringe sales to IDUs for disease prevention purposes are clearly legal in 20 states, and have a reasonable claim to legality in 22 more. Sales to IDUs with a prescription are clearly illegal in only 3 jurisdictions. SEPs can operate legally in at least 21 states. AB - CONCLUSION: Syringe access laws in most states may reasonably be interpreted to allow pharmacists to sell syringes to IDUs to prevent disease. In practice, however, unclear laws and pharmacist uncertainty as to their interpretation may constitute continuing barriers to syringe access for IDUs. A comprehensive public policy of ensuring syringe access for IDUs requires eliminating legal barriers to the sale, possession, and disposal of syringes, and educating pharmacists and law enforcement officials about the legality and public health importance of sterile syringe access. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Nov-Dec DC - 20021219 YR - 2002 ED - 20030127 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12489604 <523. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12107631 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Flockhart DA AU - Usdin Yasuda S AU - Pezzullo JC AU - Knollmann BC FA - Flockhart, David A FA - Usdin Yasuda, Sally FA - Pezzullo, John C FA - Knollmann, Bjorn C IN - Flockhart,David A. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA. TI - Teaching rational prescribing: a new clinical pharmacology curriculum for medical schools. SO - Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology. 366(1):33-43, 2002 Jul. AS - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 366(1):33-43, 2002 Jul. NJ - Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ntq, 0326264 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Curriculum MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/mt [Methods] MH - Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] AB - In most U.S. and Canadian medical schools, pharmacology is taught during the preclinical year 2 of the 4-year-long curriculum. This is despite the fact that medical school graduates and residency directors have identified teaching rational therapeutics as a priority. Hence, we have developed a core curriculum in clinical pharmacology for 4th-year medical students that builds on the core principles of rational therapeutics described by Nierenberg 10 years ago (Nierenberg, DW. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 48:606-610). Here we report on our 3-year experience teaching this course, which addresses the following teaching objectives: to teach medical students on how to (1) critically evaluate medications; (2) obtain a complete medication history including herbal and over-the-counter medications; (3) apply pharmacokinetic principles to clinical practice; (4) recognize and report adverse drug events and interactions; (5) optimize pain management; (6) recognize and treat substance abuse and poisoning; and (7) prescribe rationally regardless of prescribing environment. Student assessment was in the form of multiple-choice and formative oral examinations, which were validated against the clinical part of the U.S. medical licensing examination. The course significantly increased the student rating of clinical pharmacology teaching measured by a national survey of U.S. medical school graduates. We conclude that this course may be useful for teaching rational prescribing to medical students. With the guidance and educational material provided by this article, a successful implementation of such a course should be possible in most medical schools. IS - 0028-1298 IL - 0028-1298 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - U18 HS 10385-01 (United States AHRQ HHS) LG - English EP - 20020522 DP - 2002 Jul DC - 20020710 YR - 2002 ED - 20021224 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12107631 <524. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12017342 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lathers CM AU - Smith CM FA - Lathers, Claire M FA - Smith, Cedric M IN - Lathers,Claire M. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA. TI - Development of innovative teaching materials: clinical pharmacology problem-solving (CPPS) units: comparison with patient-oriented problem-solving units and problem-based learning--a 10-year review. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 42(5):477-91, 2002 May. AS - J Clin Pharmacol. 42(5):477-91, 2002 May. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ht9, 0366372 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Anisocoria MH - Anticonvulsants MH - Education, Medical MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Geriatrics/ed [Education] MH - Glaucoma MH - Netherlands MH - Osteopathic Medicine/ed [Education] MH - Patients MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Teaching/mt [Methods] MH - United States AB - The First Teaching Clinic in Clinical Pharmacology, sponsored by the American College of Clinical Pharmacology in September 1992, was designed for the preparation and development of new clinical pharmacology problem-solving (CPPS) units. CPPS units are case histories that illustrate pertinent principles in clinical pharmacology. Each unit consists of the following sections: introduction, learning objectives, pretest, four clinical pharmacology scenarios, posttest, answers to pre- and posttest questions, and selected references. The clinical pharmacology content of the CPPS units place greater emphasis on clinical information, drug selection, and risk/benefit analyses, and thus they complement the basic pharmacology presented in the patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) units. In general, the CPPS units are intended for use by students more advanced in clinical pharmacology than first- and second-year medical students. The CPPS unit "Clinical Pharmacology of Antiepileptic Drug Use: Clinical Pearls about the Perils of Patty" was developed for use by third- and fourth-year medical students doing rotations in neurology or clinical pharmacology; advanced pharmacy students; residents in neurology, pediatrics, internal medicine, and family practice; fellows in clinical pharmacology, and those taking the board examination in clinical pharmacology. The CPPS unit titled "Geriatric Clinical Psychopharmacology" was written for third- and fourth-year medical students; residents in psychiatry, family practice, and internal medicine;fellows in clinical pharmacology; and those studying for boards in clinical pharmacology. The CPPS unit "Anisocoria and Glaucoma" was written for more advanced students of clinical pharmacology. The CPPS unit titled "Antiepileptic Drugs" was intended for second-year medical students. The second teaching clinic was held in November 1993 and focused on the development and editing of the CPPS units and their evaluations by faculty and students from academic centers. Evaluations by faculty and students have been overwhelmingly positive. Requests to use the CPPS units in various clinical pharmacology teaching programs were received from numerous schools within the United States and from abroad. The third teaching clinic in September 1995 included a follow-up focused on the uses of drug information databases in case problem exercises. These examples are presented to demonstrate the variety of educational activities the American College of Clinical Pharmacology is sponsoring to fulfill its strategic initiative dedicated to offer innovative teaching programs and to develop new teaching materials in clinical pharmacology. Collectively, all of the teaching clinics, symposia, and workshop efforts, sponsored by the various academic professional societies alone or together over the past decade, are necessary if new and innovative teaching materials in the field of basic science and in the fields of pharmacology and clinical pharmacology are to be continuously developed to keep pace with the new, rapidly changing developments in medicine to provide the best treatment for patients in the 21st century. RN - 0 (Anticonvulsants) IS - 0091-2700 IL - 0091-2700 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 May DC - 20020517 YR - 2002 ED - 20021219 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12017342 <525. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12407596 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Edlin BR FA - Edlin, Brian R IN - Edlin,Brian R. AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. brendlin@itsa.ucsf.edu TI - Prevention and treatment of hepatitis C in injection drug users. [Review] [93 refs] SO - Hepatology. 36(5 Suppl 1):S210-9, 2002 Nov. AS - Hepatology. 36(5 Suppl 1):S210-9, 2002 Nov. NJ - Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - gbz, 8302946 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS7159 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1629041 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Antiviral Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Hepatitis C/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Hepatitis C/et [Etiology] MH - *Hepatitis C/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Monitoring, Physiologic MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/co [Complications] AB - Injection drug users constitute the largest group of persons infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States, and most new infections occur in drug users. Controlling hepatitis C in the U.S. population, therefore, will require developing, testing, and implementing effective prevention and treatment strategies for persons who inject drugs. Fortunately, a substantial body of research and clinical experience exists on the prevention and management of chronic viral diseases among injection drug users. The need to implement interventions to stop the spread of HCV among drug users is critical. The capacity of substance-use treatment programs need to be expanded to accommodate all who want and need treatment. Physicians and pharmacists should be educated in how to provide access to sterile syringes and to teach safe injection techniques, both of which are lifesaving interventions. The treatment of hepatitis C in drug users requires an interdisciplinary approach that brings together expertise in treating hepatitis and caring for drug users. Treatment decisions should be made individually by patients with their physicians, based on a balanced assessment of risks and benefits and the patient's personal values. Physicians should carefully assess, monitor, and support adherence and mental health in all patients, regardless of whether drug use is known or suspected. Research is needed to better understand how best to prevent and treat hepatitis C in substance users. In the meantime, substantial progress can be made if existing knowledge and resources are brought to bear. [References: 93] RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) IS - 0270-9139 IL - 0270-9139 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - R01 DA009532 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA013245 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01-DA-11860 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01-DA-12109 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01-DA-13245 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2002 Nov DC - 20021030 YR - 2002 ED - 20021127 RD - 20140913 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12407596 <526. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12012150 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - van de Vijver DA AU - Roos RA AU - Jansen PA AU - Porsius AJ AU - de Boer A FA - van de Vijver, D A M C FA - Roos, R A C FA - Jansen, P A F FA - Porsius, A J FA - de Boer, A IN - van de Vijver,D A M C. Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapy, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. TI - Antipsychotics and Parkinson's disease: association with disease and drug choice during the first 5 years of antiparkinsonian drug treatment. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 58(2):157-61, 2002 May. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 58(2):157-61, 2002 May. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Aged MH - *Antipsychotic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Antipsychotic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Clozapine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Clozapine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Netherlands/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Parkinson Disease/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pharmacoepidemiology MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Psychoses, Substance-Induced/et [Etiology] AB - OBJECTIVE: Psychosis is a common complication of the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Treatment of this complication is difficult as most antipsychotic drugs worsen motor symptoms of PD. Only the atypical antipsychotic clozapine improves psychosis without worsening of parkinsonism. The aim of the present study was to assess the rate of initiation of antipsychotic treatment in patients with PD compared with controls. The quality of pharmacotherapy was determined by assessing which antipsychotic drugs were initiated. AB - METHODS: Data came from the PHARMO database, which includes drug-dispensing information for all residents of six Dutch cities. Selected were all persons aged 55 years and older who used levodopa for at least 180 days and who started antiparkinsonian drugs at least 180 days after entry into PHARMO. These patients were matched to at most three controls for age, gender, pharmacy and time of use. The association between rate of initiation of antipsychotic drug treatment and PD was determined using the Cox proportional hazards model. AB - RESULTS: The study included 271 patients with PD and 748 controls. During follow-up, 38 patients and 25 controls started taking an antipsychotic drug; relative risk was 3.9 (95% confidence interval 2.3, 6.4). Six patients with PD received an atypical agent (16%). Clozapine was given to five patients with PD. No control used clozapine. Haloperidol was most frequently prescribed to the patients (29%) and the controls (36%). AB - CONCLUSION: Patients with PD began taking antipsychotic drugs almost four times more frequently than controls. The quality of pharmacotherapy can be improved by prescribing atypical antipsychotic drugs to patients with PD. RN - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents) RN - J60AR2IKIC (Clozapine) IS - 0031-6970 IL - 0031-6970 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20020405 DP - 2002 May DC - 20020515 YR - 2002 ED - 20021126 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12012150 <527. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12022807 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vuchinich RE FA - Vuchinich, Rudy E IN - Vuchinich,Rudy E. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-1170, USA. rvuchini@uab.edu TI - Still necessary to state the obvious: comment on Alessi, Roll, Reilly, and Johanson (2002). CM - Comment on: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 May;10(2):77-83; discussion 101-3; PMID: 12022801 SO - Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology. 10(2):99-100; discussion 101-3, 2002 May. AS - Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 10(2):99-100; discussion 101-3, 2002 May. NJ - Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9419066 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - Self Administration MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - S. M. Alessi, J. M. Roll. M. P. Reilly, and C.-E. Johanson's (2002) conclusions initially seemed to the author to unnecessarily state the obvious: that the determinants of drug effects and self-administration are not reducible to events within the body. On reflection, however, the author realized that this conclusion is not obvious to many individuals in the broader scientific, professional, and political environment that surrounds the behavioral pharmacology scientific community. Educating these individuals about the concepts, methods, data, and applied implications of behavioral pharmacology is of paramount importance, and one way to do this is to continue to state the obvious. IS - 1064-1297 IL - 1064-1297 PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 May DC - 20020522 YR - 2002 ED - 20021113 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12022807 <528. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12202020 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Parimi N AU - Pinto Pereira LM AU - Prabhakar P FA - Parimi, Neeta FA - Pinto Pereira, Lexley M FA - Prabhakar, Parimi IN - Parimi,Neeta. Bishop Anstey High School, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. TI - The general public's perceptions and use of antimicrobials in Trinidad and Tobago. SO - Pan American Journal of Public Health. 12(1):11-8, 2002 Jul. AS - Rev Panam Salud Publica. 12(1):11-8, 2002 Jul. NJ - Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - csl, 9705400 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Attitude to Health MH - Female MH - *Health Behavior MH - Health Education MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Self Medication/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Trinidad and Tobago/ep [Epidemiology] AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the general public's perceptions and use of antibiotics in Trinidad and Tobago, a two-island republic in the Caribbean. AB - METHODS: This prospective study surveyed 824 randomly selected households listed in the telephone directory, from November 1998 to January 1999. Through telephone interviews we determined knowledge about antibiotics and beliefs concerning their safety and efficacy. We studied the influence of age, gender, education, and having private health insurance on knowledge, self-medication, storing medication at home for emergency use ("hoarding"), and asking a private doctor to prescribe antibiotics ("demand prescribing"). AB - RESULTS: For the 824 telephone calls that the interviewers completed, 753 of the households agreed to participate (91.4% response rate). Of those 753 participants, 699 of them (93%) knew the term "antibiotic," 29% (206/699) said it was a drug for bacterial infections, and 25% (170/690) had asked a doctor for an antibiotic prescription. Penicillin was correctly identified as an antibiotic across age, gender, and education categories, but 36% of respondents incorrectly said Benadryl (diphenhydramine), a common over-the-counter cough and cold formulation, was an antibiotic. Gender was not significantly associated with knowledge of antibiotic safety, with self-medication, or with hoarding antibiotics. On the other hand, completion of tertiary (university) education was significantly associated with correct knowledge of the safety of antibiotics and whether or not they could cure all infections. Of the various antimicrobials, beta-lactams were the ones that survey respondents had used most frequently in the preceding year, and 20% of antibiotics users had used multiple antibiotics in that period. In comparison to persons with private health insurance, more individuals without private health insurance said that antibiotics are safe and do not have side effects, and more of them also incorrectly called aspirin and Benadryl antibiotics. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In Trinidad and Tobago, inappropriate use of antimicrobials results from self-medication, over-the-counter availability at the community pharmacy, prescribing on demand, and lack of regulatory control. In order to contain antibiotic abuse, both the Drug Inspectorate of the Ministry of Health and the Pharmacy Board should exert stricter control on the dispensing of antibiotics at private pharmacies. Further, education of the general public and of health care professionals on antibiotic misuse and appropriate use must be instituted, along with community-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance trends. RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) IS - 1020-4989 IL - 1020-4989 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Jul DC - 20020830 YR - 2002 ED - 20021107 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12202020 <529. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11936711 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Midlov P AU - Bondesson A AU - Eriksson T AU - Petersson J AU - Minthon L AU - Hoglund P FA - Midlov, Patrik FA - Bondesson, Asa FA - Eriksson, Tommy FA - Petersson, Jesper FA - Minthon, Lennart FA - Hoglund, Peter IN - Midlov,Patrik. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. TI - Descriptive study and pharmacotherapeutic intervention in patients with epilepsy or Parkinson's disease at nursing homes in southern Sweden. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 57(12):903-10, 2002 Feb. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 57(12):903-10, 2002 Feb. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - Activities of Daily Living MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Epilepsy/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Epilepsy/px [Psychology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nursing Homes MH - *Parkinson Disease/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Parkinson Disease/px [Psychology] MH - Quality of Life MH - Sweden AB - OBJECTIVES: To describe the drug use in epilepsy and Parkinson's patients living in nursing homes and to evaluate the impact of multi-speciality team intervention on health-related quality of life, activities of daily living (ADL) and confusion state. AB - METHODS: Nursing home residents with epilepsy or Parkinson's disease in the county of Skane in Sweden were identified. From 119 nursing homes, 262 patients were identified. After obtaining informed consent, 157 patients from 48 nursing homes were included. Of these patients 74 were diagnosed with epilepsy and 84 with Parkinson's disease (one patient had both diagnoses). The average age of the epilepsy patients was 79 years and of the Parkinson's patients 81 years. Pharmacists documented the patients' drug use and any drug-related problems after communication with nursing-home residents, their contact persons at the nursing home and the residents' physicians. A multi-speciality group consisting of pharmacists, a primary care physician, a neurologist, a neuro-psychiatrist and a clinical pharmacologist evaluated the patients' medication and, when appropriate, suggested changes. Lists of each resident's medications were collected together with information about drug-related problems. The use of drugs deemed inappropriate for geriatric nursing-home residents according to Beer's criteria was documented. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using a generic health-related quality of life instrument, SF-36. Confusion state was measured using the Behaviour Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (Behave-AD), and ability to perform ADL was assessed using the Schwab and England capacity for daily living scale. All measurements were repeated after approximately 6 months. During that period, for the group randomised to active intervention, the physicians involved in the care of the patients had received the recommendations for changes in drug treatment from the multi-speciality group. AB - RESULTS: Epilepsy patients at nursing homes used on average 8.0 drugs for continuous use whereas Parkinson's patients used 8.6 drugs. According to Beer's criteria about 40% of both patient groups used drugs that are classified as inappropriate to geriatric nursing-home patients. Dopamine receptor-blocking psychotropic drugs were used by 29% of the Parkinson's patients. Indication for a patient's total drug treatment was not documented for 50% of epilepsy and 40% of Parkinson's patients. There were no significant differences between the active and control groups in changes in SF-36, Behave-AD or ADL for epilepsy patients. For Parkinson's patients there was a significant decrease in ADL for the active group, whereas there were no differences in SF-36 or Behave-AD. AB - CONCLUSION: Nursing-home residents with epilepsy or Parkinson's disease use many drugs and often drugs that are classified as inappropriate. A simple problem-oriented questionnaire may be helpful in identifying specific drug-related problems in geriatric patients with common neurological diseases. Methods on how to improve the pharmacotherapy of these patients still have to be developed. IS - 0031-6970 IL - 0031-6970 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2002 Feb DC - 20020408 YR - 2002 ED - 20020926 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11936711 <530. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12197198 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Uebel RA AU - Wium CA FA - Uebel, Reinhard A FA - Wium, Cherylynn A IN - Uebel,Reinhard A. Department of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape. TI - Toxicological screening for drugs of abuse in samples adulterated with household chemicals. SO - South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 92(7):547-9, 2002 Jul. AS - SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j.. 92(7):547-9, 2002 Jul. NJ - South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0404520 SB - Index Medicus CP - South Africa MH - Adult MH - Cannabis/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Cannabis/me [Metabolism] MH - *Detergents/an [Analysis] MH - Detergents/ch [Chemistry] MH - Diphenhydramine/an [Analysis] MH - *Diphenhydramine/ur [Urine] MH - Drug Combinations MH - *Drug Contamination MH - False Negative Reactions MH - False Positive Reactions MH - Female MH - Household Products MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methaqualone/an [Analysis] MH - *Methaqualone/ur [Urine] MH - Sampling Studies MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - South Africa MH - *Substance Abuse Detection/mt [Methods] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ur [Urine] MH - Urinalysis AB - OBJECTIVES: Urine samples that tested positive for two drugs of abuse, namely cannabis and methaqualone, were reassayed in the presence or absence of common household chemicals: Jik (sodium hypochlorite), Dettol (chloroxylenol), G-cide Plus (glutaraldehyde), Perle Hand Soap, ethanol, isopropanol and peroxide (20 volumes). These chemicals are frequently used for the adulteration of urine samples. AB - SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch. AB - METHODS: Household chemicals, at three different concentrations, were added to urine samples that tested positive for methaqualone and cannabis. Samples were reanalysed on an ETS Plus Analyser (Syva Company, San Jose, Ca.) using Emit drugs-of-abuse urine test reagents. AB - RESULTS: Most of the chemicals tested influenced the outcome of positive toxicological screening results for these drugs. G-cide (glutaraldehyde) and Perle Hand Soap had the largest effect (false-negative) on the methaqualone test. Dettol (chloroxylenol) and Perle Hand Soap had the largest effect on the cannabis test. Higher concentrations of the adulterant were not always an indication of the extent of modification of the test result. The addition of certain chemicals (ethanol, isopropanol and peroxide) to the urine samples tested for methaqualone interfered with the test to such an extent that it gave invalid test results. RN - 0 (Detergents) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 7ZKH8MQW6T (Methaqualone) RN - 8076-99-1 (Mandrax) RN - 8GTS82S83M (Diphenhydramine) IS - 0256-9574 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Jul DC - 20020828 YR - 2002 ED - 20020917 RD - 20140912 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12197198 <531. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12090652 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Montalto NJ FA - Montalto, Norman J IN - Montalto,Norman J. West Virginia University/Charleston Division, USA. norman.montalto@camc.org TI - Recommendations for the treatment of nicotine dependency. SO - Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 102(6):342-8, 2002 Jun. AS - J Am Osteopath Assoc. 102(6):342-8, 2002 Jun. NJ - The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7503065, g90 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Health Behavior MH - Humans MH - Motivation MH - *Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Referral and Consultation MH - *Tobacco Use Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] AB - The US Public Health Service (PHS) Clinical Practice Guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, published in June 2000, is a clinician-targeted resource that encourages physicians to apply evidence-based interventions when treating tobacco-dependent patients. Issued by the PHS Surgeon General, the guideline recommends a new standard of care in treating tobacco dependency, the chief cause of preventable death and disease in the United States. It calls on clinicians to more consistently identify and evaluate tobacco-dependent patients and to provide treatment, motivation to quit, and referrals to smoking cessation specialists. The guideline also serves as a mandate for healthcare insurers to offer pharmacologic and behavioral treatment modalities as benefits to insured persons and to provide education and reimbursement for clinicians. IS - 0098-6151 IL - 0098-6151 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 Jun DC - 20020701 YR - 2002 ED - 20020906 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12090652 <532. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11887408 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schommer JC AU - Byers SR AU - Pape LL AU - Cable GL AU - Worley MM AU - Sherrin T FA - Schommer, Jon C FA - Byers, Sandra R FA - Pape, Linda L FA - Cable, Gerald L FA - Worley, Marcia M FA - Sherrin, Thomas IN - Schommer,Jon C. College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. schom010@tc.umn.edu TI - Interdisciplinary medication education in a church environment. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 59(5):423-8, 2002 Mar 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 59(5):423-8, 2002 Mar 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Ambulatory Care/mt [Methods] MH - Chi-Square Distribution MH - *Community Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Interviews as Topic MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Ohio MH - *Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Pharmacists MH - Pilot Projects MH - Program Evaluation MH - Self Administration AB - A medication education program for ambulatory care patients implemented in a church setting was studied. The program at each of 20 churches in Ohio consisted of a one-hour orientation for pharmacists/interns, a 20-minute presentation on medications and health, a question-and-answer session led by a pharmacist and a nurse, a one-on-one session with a pharmacist, and an exit interview with a nurse. Before the program, patients completed a form to assess their current experiences with medications and their interactions with health care professionals in the preceding six months. During an exit interview at the end of the program, patients were asked whether the program has been understandable and beneficial and whether taking medications affected their lifestyle. A follow-up interview was conducted six months later. A total of 187 patients completed both the exit and follow-up interviews. Almost all reported that the church setting was a good place for the program and that the program was beneficial. During the six months after the program, the patients took significantly fewer drugs each day than during the six months before the program and had fewer drug-related problems. Significantly more patients sought drug information after completing the program than before it. High rates of medication misuse were identified, leading to 359 pharmacist recommendations. An interdisciplinary program in a church setting successfully provided medication education. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2002 Mar 1 DC - 20020312 YR - 2002 ED - 20020905 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11887408 <533. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12170485 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Child D FA - Child, D IN - Child,D. Clinical Services, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester. TI - Hospital nurses' perceptions of pharmacist prescribing. SO - British Journal of Nursing. 10(1):48-54, 2001 Jan 11-24. AS - Br J Nurs. 10(1):48-54, 2001 Jan 11-24. NJ - British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - big, 9212059 SB - Nursing Journal CP - England MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - England MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Nurse's Role MH - *Nursing Staff, Hospital/px [Psychology] MH - Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Pharmacists/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Professional Autonomy MH - Professional Competence/st [Standards] MH - *Professional Role MH - State Medicine MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - The final report from the Crown review team was published in March 1999. It proposed that new groups of healthcare professionals should be permitted to prescribe medicines. Most of the recent progress has centred on the extension of community nurse prescribing. However, changes have also been proposed to prescribing practices within the hospital setting to include nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals. This study is an initial piece of work examining hospital nurses' perceptions of pharmacist prescribing to identify if there are issues that warrant further investigation. Postal questionnaires, seeking responses to statements describing pharmacists writing prescriptions for drug treatment, were sent to 200 nurses at five NHS teaching hospitals in Birmingham. Completed questionnaires were received from 115 nurses (a response rate of 57.5%). Fifty-four respondents added comments to the questionnaire, giving some insight into their responses to the statements on pharmacist prescription-writing and prescribing. These comments indicated five key issues that may warrant further investigation: (1) pharmacists' knowledge of the patient (2) doctors losing the opportunity to review drug treatment (3) potential communication problems (4) pharmacists' workload, and (5) legal and professional accountability. IS - 0966-0461 IL - 0966-0461 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2001 Jan 11-24 DC - 20020812 YR - 2001 ED - 20020905 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12170485 <534. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12109933 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jorenby D FA - Jorenby, Douglas IN - Jorenby,Douglas. Department of Medicine, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1930 Monroe Street, Madison, WI 53711, USA. Dej@CTRI.medicine.wisc.edu TI - Clinical efficacy of bupropion in the management of smoking cessation. [Review] [52 refs] SO - Drugs. 62 Suppl 2:25-35, 2002. AS - Drugs. 62 Suppl 2:25-35, 2002. NJ - Drugs PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ec2, 7600076 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand MH - Body Weight/de [Drug Effects] MH - Bupropion/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Bupropion/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Delayed-Action Preparations MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nicotine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Secondary Prevention MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] AB - Nicotine addiction is a chronic relapsing condition that can be difficult to treat. Until recently, pharmacological options for the treatment of tobacco dependence were primarily limited to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR) is the first non-nicotine pharmacological treatment approved for smoking cessation. Bupropion SR is recommended for first-line pharmacotherapy alongside NRT in the updated US Clinical Practice Guidelines and the UK Health Education Authority Guidelines. The UK National Institute of Clinical Excellence recommends NRT and bupropion SR for smokers who have expressed a desire to quit smoking. This review presents evidence that bupropion SR is an effective first-line therapy for smoking cessation in a wide range of patient populations. It is associated with significantly higher smoking cessation rates compared with placebo in patients with or without a history of prior bupropion SR or NRT use, and its effect is independent of gender. Bupropion SR treatment is effective in the prevention of relapse to smoking in those patients who have successfully quit, and re-treatment is effective in smokers who recommence smoking after a previous course of bupropion SR. Bupropion SR treatment relieves the symptoms of craving and nicotine withdrawal, and attenuates the weight gain that often occurs after smoking cessation. Data collected from motivational support programmes and employer-based studies provide strong evidence of the effectiveness of bupropion SR as an aid to smoking cessation in 'real life' situations, and confirm the efficacy seen in clinical trials. [References: 52] RN - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0012-6667 IL - 0012-6667 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2002 DC - 20020711 YR - 2002 ED - 20020821 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12109933 <535. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11980287 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nardini S AU - Castellani P AU - Carrozzi L FA - Nardini, S FA - Castellani, P FA - Carrozzi, L IN - Nardini,S. Pulmonary and TB Unit, General Hospital, Vittorio Veneto, TV, Italy. snardini@qubisoft.it TI - Smoking cessation as a therapeutic and preventive intervention: a meeting report. SO - Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 56(6):540-4, 2001 Dec. AS - Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 56(6):540-4, 2001 Dec. NJ - Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace / Fondazione clinica del lavoro, IRCCS [and] Istituto di clinica tisiologica e malattie apparato respiratorio, Universita di Napoli, Secondo ateneo PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bq0, 9307314 SB - Index Medicus CP - Italy MH - *Disease Outbreaks/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Europe/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Physician's Role MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] AB - In November 2000, a meeting took place on "Smoking cessation as a therapeutic and preventive intervention". The venue of the meeting was Venice, in the old Monastery of the Isola San Giorgio, and it was jointly organised by the Italian Association of Hospital Pulmonologists (AIPO) and the European Section of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT--Europe). The meeting was also sponsored by the European Respiratory Society (ERS). The importance of the topic cannot be underestimated. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) tobacco smoking is the most important cause of preventable death in the industrialised world. When tobacco smoking constitutes a repetitive and compulsive behaviour, for instance when a person continues smoking when suffering from a smoking related disease, it is due to tobacco dependence, which both WHO and the American Psychiatric Association classify as a disease. Tobacco smoking is not only a disease in itself but can also cause other diseases, such as chronic obstructive lung disease, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, and can worsen pre-existent disease, e.g. asthma. In the WHO European region, according to WHO estimates, tobacco smoking causes at least 1,200,000 deaths each year (14% of all deaths). So far, a preventive strategy based on protection of children and adolescents from initiation has not worked in decreasing the prevalence among young generations. Even with the best educational programs success is partial and ephemeral. Smoking cessation with behavioural and pharmacological aid is a well established therapeutic intervention, supported by strong scientific evidence. But smoking cessation can also be a preventive intervention, because it can reduce the prevalence of smokers in a community. Obviously, smoking cessation is to be used together with all other interventions recognized as effective in tobacco control (cigarette and tobacco product pricing, regulatory approaches, smoking bans, health education). IS - 1122-0643 IL - 1122-0643 PT - Congresses LG - English DP - 2001 Dec DC - 20020430 YR - 2001 ED - 20020801 RD - 20080602 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11980287 <536. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11945218 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Swartz SH AU - Cowan TM AU - DePue J AU - Goldstein MG FA - Swartz, Susan H FA - Cowan, Timothy M FA - DePue, Judy FA - Goldstein, Michael G IN - Swartz,Susan H. Maine Medical Assessment Foundation, Manchester, Maine, USA. swarts@mmc.org TI - Academic profiling of tobacco-related performance measures in primary care. SO - Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 4 Suppl 1:S38-44, 2002. AS - Nicotine Tob Res. 4 Suppl 1:S38-44, 2002. NJ - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - drz, 9815751 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - Adult MH - Diagnosis-Related Groups/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Feedback MH - Female MH - *Health Promotion/ut [Utilization] MH - Humans MH - Maine/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Male MH - Medical Records MH - Nicotine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Pilot Projects MH - *Primary Health Care/st [Standards] MH - *Smoking Cessation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Academic detailing and data feedback are two methods that have been used to change provider behavior. Academic profiling is proposed as an intervention that combines provider educational outreach and peer-comparison feedback of data generated from chart reviews and health plans. This project assessed the feasibility of academic profiling, using baseline measures to assess provider performance in identifying and treating patients who smoke. The pilot study was undertaken with four primary care practices in Maine. Two health plans shared administrative claims data on adult patients of participating providers. Two educational sessions were conducted: one including feedback of tobacco-related chart documentation and claims for nicotine replacement and bupropion (Zyban), and the other, coding for tobacco use (ICD-9 305.1) in adults enrolled in two health plans during 1998. A mailed survey assessed provider attitudes following the intervention. Among 24 providers, 80% attended the first session and 70% attended the second session. Provider documentation of tobacco status in the medical records varied from 68% to 100%. The frequency of tobacco pharmacotherapy claims for adult health plan enrollees having a provider visit in 1998 varied from 0% to 4.6% (mean 1.5%) by provider. The frequency of tobacco use diagnosis claims (ICD-9 305.1) varied from 0% to 19.8% by provider. More than 90% of the providers who reviewed the profiling graphs found the data were understandable, and 66% reported that the sessions helped them improve the ways they interact with patients who smoke. Practices vary in tobacco-related documentation, the prescribing of tobacco pharmacotherapy, and the coding for tobacco use. Providers are willing to participate in educational outreach using peer-comparison feedback, presenting opportunities to improve performance in the treatment of tobacco dependence. RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 1462-2203 IL - 1462-2203 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2002 DC - 20020411 YR - 2002 ED - 20020628 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11945218 <537. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12030637 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dent LA AU - Stratton TP AU - Cochran GA FA - Dent, Larry A FA - Stratton, Timothy P FA - Cochran, Gayle A IN - Dent,Larry A. Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula 59812-1522, USA. ldent@selway.umt.edu TI - Establishing an on-site pharmacy in a community health center to help indigent patients access medications and to improve care. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(3):497-507, 2002 May-Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(3):497-507, 2002 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Community Health Centers/ec [Economics] MH - *Community Health Centers/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Drug Industry MH - *Health Services Accessibility/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Minnesota MH - Pharmacies/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacies/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Uncompensated Care/ec [Economics] MH - United States MH - United States Public Health Service AB - OBJECTIVES: To describe the establishment of an on-site pharmacy in a community health center (CHC) to improve access to medications for indigent patients, the implementation of pharmaceutical care programs and clinical pharmacy services to improve patient care and therapeutic outcomes, and the development of an ambulatory care site for training pharmacy students. AB - SETTING: Partnership Health Center (PHC), a federally funded CHC in Missoula, Mont. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Establishment of an on-site pharmacy and strategies for accessing medications for indigent patients, including participation in the U.S. Public Health Service pricing program, pharmaceutical manufacturers' assistance programs, and drug sampling, are described. The clinical pharmacy, disease management, and pharmaceutical care programs developed at the site to improve medication use and therapeutic outcomes are discussed. Development of an ambulatory care clerkship site at the CHC for training University of Montana pharmacy students is reviewed. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: Partnership between PHC and the University of Montana School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences (SPAHS) to establish an on-site pharmacy to help medically indigent patients access medications and to improve care. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Programs to help indigent patients access, adhere, and appropriately use needed medications while decreasing clinic expenditures for medications. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of prescriptions dispensed per month, clinic expenditures on medications per month, and number of clinical services and pharmaceutical care programs developed. AB - RESULTS: Between November 1, 1999, and April 30, 2000, the average number of prescriptions filled for PHC clients increased from 219/month to 838/month and the average expenditure per prescription decreased from $16.55/month to $0.51/month. A pharmacist-assisted refill program was implemented. Programs in diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, asthma, anticoagulation, and peptic ulcer disease were developed. AB - CONCLUSION: Establishing an on-site pharmacy in a CHC in collaboration with a school of pharmacy significantly improved indigent patients' access to medications while decreasing clinic expenditures. Pharmaceutical care programs improved therapeutic outcomes, and clinical pharmacy services complemented the clinical activities of other health care providers in managing chronic diseases and resolving drug-related problems. The CHC provided an excellent setting for training pharmacy students in ambulatory care. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 May-Jun DC - 20020527 YR - 2002 ED - 20020624 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12030637 <538. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12030630 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Boatwright DE FA - Boatwright, Deborah E IN - Boatwright,Deborah E. San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Calif, USA. deborah.boatwright@mail.va.gov TI - Buprenorphine and addiction: challenges for the pharmacist. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(3):432-8, 2002 May-Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(3):432-8, 2002 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Buprenorphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Counseling MH - Humans MH - *Legislation, Drug MH - Naloxone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Pharmacists MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To present an analysis of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA) and its impact on the practice of pharmacy. AB - DATA SOURCES: Statutes, codes, regulations, newspaper articles, journal articles; search of articles posted on MEDLINE identified using the search terms methadone, buprenorphine, treatment, opioid abuse, and opioid addiction. AB - STUDY SELECTION: Not applicable. AB - DATA EXTRACTION: Not applicable. AB - DATA SYNTHESIS: DATA and Food and Drug Administration approval of sublingual tablets of buprenorphine and buprenorphine with naloxone (Reckitt and Benckiser) will dramatically expand opioid addicts' access to treatment and increase the number of opioid addicts receiving prescriptions for buprenorphine and buprenorphine with naloxone. The availability of buprenorphine will pose unique challenges to pharmacists and suggests the need for education on addiction and greater awareness of the unique needs of patients recovering from addiction. AB - CONCLUSION: The stage is being set to expand access to treatment and reach more untreated opioid addicts in the United States. Professional organizations such as the American Pharmaceutical Association should work with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and its Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to develop training materials, curricula, and guidelines for pharmacists on substance abuse with a special focus on outpatient opioid treatment. Such materials could be used in continuing education programs and materials and in pharmacy schools. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2002 May-Jun DC - 20020527 YR - 2002 ED - 20020624 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12030630 <539. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11856403 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Alderman CP AU - Farmer C FA - Alderman, C P FA - Farmer, C IN - Alderman,C P. Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. Chris.Alderman@rgh.sa.gov.au TI - A brief analysis of clinical pharmacy interventions undertaken in an Australian teaching hospital. SO - Journal of Quality in Clinical Practice. 21(4):99-103, 2001 Dec. AS - J Qual Clin Pract. 21(4):99-103, 2001 Dec. NJ - Journal of quality in clinical practice PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - b0o, 9430670 SB - Index Medicus CP - Australia MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Australia MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Drug Utilization Review MH - Female MH - Health Services Research MH - *Hospitals, Teaching/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Hospitals, Teaching/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Medication Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - Prospective Studies AB - Selected clinical pharmacy interventions undertaken during a 30-day data capture period were analysed, seeking to gain a greater understanding of the nature of the drug-related problems involved. Pharmacists were asked to record only interventions that were of potentially major significance. A total of 67 interventions were submitted for analysis. In 28 cases (41.7% of the initial total) the intervention reports were excluded from further analysis after initial review. For the remaining 39 interventions, 20 patients (51%) were under the care of a medical unit, and cardiovascular/antithrombotic agents accounted for 17 reports (43.5%). The majority of interventions were implemented at the time of inpatient medication order review by the clinical pharmacist (n=25, 64%). The most common category of drug-related problem addressed in the interventions related to the prescription of inappropriately high doses of the correct drug for the patient (n=17, 43.6%). Deficiencies in technical knowledge accounted for less than 25% of all cases. IS - 1320-5455 IL - 1320-5455 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2001 Dec DC - 20020221 YR - 2001 ED - 20020318 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11856403 <540. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11833523 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kennedy DT AU - Small RE FA - Kennedy, Daniel T FA - Small, Ralph E IN - Kennedy,Daniel T. Pulmonary Research, Group Practice Clinics, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Va 23248, USA. daniel.kennedy2@med.va.gov TI - Development and implementation of a smoking cessation clinic in community pharmacy practice. CM - Comment in: J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Jan-Feb;42(1):10-1; PMID: 11833499 SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(1):83-92, 2002 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(1):83-92, 2002 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Counseling MH - Humans MH - Models, Theoretical MH - Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - Program Development MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Virginia AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe a pharmacist-operated program to help people stop smoking. AB - SETTING: Community chain (mass-merchandise) pharmacy practice sites in Virginia. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Faculty at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy (VCU) and 15 practicing pharmacists. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Smoking cessation clinics within the pharmacy departments of seven Target stores. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: With input from the practicing pharmacists and using the most current strategies reported in the literature, faculty at VCU developed a training manual for smoking cessation counseling. This manual was used to facilitate a 4-hour training session and also served as a resource for pharmacists in the smoking cessation clinics. Pharmacists were taught about behavioral modifications, the Transtheoretical Model of Change as applied to smoking cessation, documentation, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, smoking cessation therapies, patient counseling techniques, physical assessment skills, and how to develop an individualized action plan for smoking cessation. As pharmacists established smoking cessation clinics, issues such as workflow, continuous quality improvement, and marketing were addressed by the faculty members and practitioners. AB - RESULTS: Using the process and tools described in this article, pharmacists successfully established and operated smoking cessation clinics. AB - CONCLUSION: The process and materials developed for this demonstration project can serve as templates for other pharmacy faculty members and community pharmacists who wish to offer smoking cessation clinics. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2002 Jan-Feb DC - 20020208 YR - 2002 ED - 20020314 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11833523 <541. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11833517 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kennedy DT AU - Giles JT AU - Chang ZG AU - Small RE AU - Edwards JH FA - Kennedy, Daniel T FA - Giles, Joel T FA - Chang, Ziba Gorji FA - Small, Ralph E FA - Edwards, Jennifer H IN - Kennedy,Daniel T. Pulmonary Research, Group Practice Clinics, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Va 23248, USA. Daniel.Kennedy2@med.va.gov TI - Results of a smoking cessation clinic in community pharmacy practice. CM - Comment in: J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Jan-Feb;42(1):10-1; PMID: 11833499 SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 42(1):51-6, 2002 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 42(1):51-6, 2002 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Chi-Square Distribution MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - *Smoking Cessation/mt [Methods] MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Virginia AB - OBJECTIVES: To describe and assess the effectiveness of a smoking cessation clinic. AB - DESIGN: Single group, unblinded study. AB - SETTING: Seven chain (mass-merchandise) community pharmacies in Virginia. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight patients who were smokers when admitted to the study. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Fifteen community chain pharmacists were trained using a smoking cessation training manual developed at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy. From April 1, 1997, through December 31, 1999, interested patients met individually with a study pharmacist during scheduled clinic times in semiprivate counseling areas. A patient chart was maintained at the site and updated after each visit. The first 30 patients completed a questionnaire after the third visit to the smoking cessation clinic to assess satisfaction with pharmacists and the overall program. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Rate of long-term smoking cessation. AB - RESULTS: Of the 48 patients, 12 (25.0%) abstained from smoking cigarettes for 12 months or more beyond their predetermined quit dates. Abstinence rates for 1, 3, and 6 months were 43.8%, 31.3%, and 25.0%, respectively. Women were nearly five times more successful in attaining long-term abstinence than were men (33.3% versus 6.7%; P= .047). No significant differences were observed in cessation rates related to age, number of cigarettes smoked per day, level of nicotine dependence, number of previous quit attempts, or method of cessation. Increased appetite and weight gain were the most frequently reported withdrawal symptoms (16.7% of patients). Patients expressed satisfaction with the pharmacists and the smoking cessation program. AB - CONCLUSION: Compared with other types of previously reported interventions, a community pharmacist-managed smoking cessation clinic achieved greater long-term smoking cessation rates. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2002 Jan-Feb DC - 20020208 YR - 2002 ED - 20020314 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11833517 <542. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11796814 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Klein SJ AU - Harris-Valente K AU - Candelas AR AU - Radigan M AU - Narcisse-Pean M AU - Tesoriero JM AU - Birkhead GS FA - Klein, S J FA - Harris-Valente, K FA - Candelas, A R FA - Radigan, M FA - Narcisse-Pean, M FA - Tesoriero, J M FA - Birkhead, G S IN - Klein,S J. The AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12237-0684, USA. sjk06@health.state.ny.us TI - What do pharmacists think about New York state's new nonprescription syringe sale program? Results of a survey. SO - Journal of Urban Health. 78(4):679-89, 2001 Dec. AS - J Urban Health. 78(4):679-89, 2001 Dec. NJ - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - c5l, 9809909 OI - Source: NLM. PMC3455869 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Commerce MH - Data Collection MH - Humans MH - Information Systems MH - Medical Waste Disposal MH - New York MH - Pharmacies/ut [Utilization] MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] AB - Access to sterile syringes can prevent transmission of blood-borne diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C. We conducted survey of attitudes of pharmacists to aid in development of the Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Program (ESAP) in New York State. ESAP is an HIV prevention initiative that authorizes nonprescription sale of hypodermic needles and syringes by registered pharmacies in New York State beginning January 1, 2001. As part of planning for program implementation, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), in collaboration with the New York State Education Department, conducted mailed survey of all 4, 392 licensed pharmacies in New York State during the summer of 2000. Some surveys (171) were returned as undeliverable. Of the 4,221 eligible respondents, 874 (20.7%) completed surveys were received, of which 574 (65.7%) indicated that their pharmacy would likely participate in ESAP. An additional 11.0% were not sure. Only 139 (15.9%) indicated that they would definitely not participate; 7.4% left this question blank. There were 608 responses to questions on safe disposal practices. Of these, 315 (51.8%) respondents indicated that their pharmacy sold sharps containers, and an additional 29 made them available at no cost. Only 133 (21.9%) respondents to this question did not offer sharps containers and were not interested in doing so. In all, 54 responses indicated that they accepted used hypodermic needles and syringes for disposal. Some (170, 28%) that did not accept sharps for disposal were interested in doing so. More than half (382, 63.0%) did not wish to do so. NYSDOH considered respondent suggestions and minimized ESAP requirements. By March 31, 2001, only 3 months after ESAP became effective, more than half of all licensed pharmacies in New York State were registered for ESAP. Survey results provided useful information to NYSDOH and good indication of likelihood of registration. The high level of pharmacy participation in ESAP may be reflective of NYSDOH attention to issues raised by pharmacists, as well as the direct effects of outreach to pharmacy chains regarding ESAP. RN - 0 (Medical Waste Disposal) IS - 1099-3460 IL - 1099-3460 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - U62/CCU202061-16 (United States ODCDC CDC HHS) LG - English DP - 2001 Dec DC - 20020117 YR - 2001 ED - 20020301 RD - 20140613 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11796814 <543. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11589254 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Shahidi NT FA - Shahidi, N T IN - Shahidi,N T. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792-4672, USA. TI - A review of the chemistry, biological action, and clinical applications of anabolic-androgenic steroids. [Review] [239 refs] SO - Clinical Therapeutics. 23(9):1355-90, 2001 Sep. AS - Clin Ther. 23(9):1355-90, 2001 Sep. NJ - Clinical therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cpe, 7706726 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Anabolic Agents/ch [Chemistry] MH - Anabolic Agents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Anabolic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Anabolic Agents MH - Bone and Bones/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Erythrocytes/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - Models, Structural MH - Muscles/de [Drug Effects] MH - Testosterone Congeners/ch [Chemistry] MH - Testosterone Congeners/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Testosterone Congeners/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Testosterone Congeners AB - BACKGROUND: Since its discovery in 1935, numerous derivatives of testosterone have been synthesized, with the goals of prolonging its biological activity in vivo, producing orally active androgens, and developing products, commonly referred to as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), that are more anabolic and less androgenic than the parent molecule. AB - OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the structure, biotransformation, and mechanism of action of testosterone and some of the most commonly used AAS. Clinical applications of the AAS are discussed, and guidelines and therapeutic maneuvers for minimizing their side effects are outlined. AB - METHODS: Literature for inclusion in this review was identified using the libraries of the University of Wisconsin Medical School and School of Pharmacy, the author's files, and searches of MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, and Chemical Abstracts. AB - RESULTS: The myotrophic action of testosterone and its derivatives and their stimulatory effects on the brain have led to widespread use of AAS by athletes and "recreational" drug users. Consequently, all AAS were classified as class III controlled substances in 1991. Nonetheless, AAS have shown benefit in a variety of human disorders, including HIV-related muscle wasting and other catabolic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe burn injuries, and alcoholic hepatitis. Because of their diverse biological actions, AAS have been used to treat a variety of other conditions, including bone marrow failure syndromes, constitutional growth retardation in children, and hereditary angioedema. AAS therapy is associated with various side effects that are generally dose related; therefore, illicit use of megadoses of AAS for the purpose of bodybuilding and enhancement of athletic performance can lead to serious and irreversible organ damage. The most common side effects of AAS are some degree of masculinization in women and children, behavioral changes (eg, aggression), hepatotoxicity, and alteration of blood lipid levels and coagulation factors. AB - CONCLUSIONS: To minimize or avoid serious toxicities with AAS therapy, close medical supervision and periodic monitoring are important, with dose adjustment as appropriate to achieve the minimum effective dose. Given the biological effects and potential adverse effects of AAS, administration of these agents should be avoided in pregnant women, women with breast cancer or hypercalcemia, men with carcinoma of the prostate or breast, and patients with nephrotic syndromes or significant liver dysfunction. [References: 239] RN - 0 (Anabolic Agents) RN - 0 (Testosterone Congeners) IS - 0149-2918 IL - 0149-2918 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 2001 Sep DC - 20011008 YR - 2001 ED - 20020123 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11589254 <544. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11515708 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hippius M AU - Humaid B AU - Sicker T AU - Hoffmann A AU - Gottler M AU - Hasford J FA - Hippius, M FA - Humaid, B FA - Sicker, T FA - Hoffmann, A FA - Gottler, M FA - Hasford, J IN - Hippius,M. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany. Marion.Hippius@med.uni-jena.de TI - Adverse drug reaction monitoring--digitoxin overdosage in the elderly. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 39(8):336-43, 2001 Aug. AS - Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 39(8):336-43, 2001 Aug. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - b0d, 9423309 SB - Index Medicus CP - Germany MH - *Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Demography MH - *Digitoxin/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Digitoxin/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Overdose MH - Female MH - Germany MH - Hospitalization MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Risk Factors AB - Drug-related illness is an everlasting universal problem and also an important cause of admissions to hospitals. Adverse reactions are still grossly underreported by medical professions. Little information is available regarding the frequency or type of ADRs managed in hospitals. Since January 1997, we have taken part in a study, supported by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Device to improve the spontaneous drug information reporting system in Germany. Three German regionalized Departments of Clinical Pharmacology--Jena, Dresden, Rostock--serve as Pharmacovigilance Centers in collaboration with the Pharmacoepidemiology Research Group of the University of Munich. Since January 1997, the regional group in Jena has been monitoring the University Clinic of Internal Medicine for admissions caused by adverse drug reactions. All emergency cases and patients on intensive care units were checked for adverse drug reactions. We present our results, including clinical and demographic data, concerning intoxications and especially those involving digitoxin in 210 patients with ADR. Forty patients with digitoxin toxicity had an average age of 81 years (81.1+/-6.3), a low body weight (59.7+/-12.7 kg) and 3 out of 4 were women. 75% of all patients with digitoxin side effects had elevated serum digitoxin levels with concentrations higher than 25 microg/ml. The relatively high frequency of digitoxin intoxications in our hospital may reflect the advanced age and low body weight of patients. Patients received digitoxin regardless of age, weight and, sometimes, clinical indication. Physicians should be aware of drugs having a high risk when used in elderly patients. The use of digitoxin assays and keeping serum levels within or near the therapeutic range will diminish the incidence of overdoses. RN - 0 (Anti-Arrhythmia Agents) RN - E90NZP2L9U (Digitoxin) IS - 0946-1965 IL - 0946-1965 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2001 Aug DC - 20010822 YR - 2001 ED - 20020108 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11515708 <545. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11688306 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - MacFadyen L AU - Eadie D AU - McGowan T FA - MacFadyen, L FA - Eadie, D FA - McGowan, T IN - MacFadyen,L. Centre for Social Marketing, University of Strathclyde, 173 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RQ, Scotland. l.macfadyen@csm.market.strath.ac.uk TI - Community pharmacists' experience of over-the-counter medicine misuse in Scotland. SO - Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 121(3):185-92, 2001 Sep. AS - J R SOC PROMOT HEALTH. 121(3):185-92, 2001 Sep. NJ - The journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 101499616 SB - Index Medicus CP - England MH - *Ethics, Professional MH - Evaluation Studies as Topic MH - Humans MH - Nonprescription Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Nonprescription Drugs/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Professional Role MH - Public Health MH - Scotland MH - Self Medication/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Self Medication/st [Standards] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders AB - Over the last decade Britain has observed a trend towards the re-regulation of 'prescription only medicines' in favour of pharmacy status drugs. This move towards self-treatment to reduce pressures on general practitioner drug budgets and workloads has focused attention on the need for community pharmacists to extend their patient education and screening roles. In response to these changes, this study was conducted to explore: the type of over-the-counter (OTC) medicine being misused in Scotland; pharmacists' professional attitudes and management of OTC misuse; and the training and support needs of pharmacists. A postal questionnaire was designed. This was informed by an earlier stage of qualitative research and the available literature. It was then piloted and administered to all 110 pharmacies in the study area. A 79% response rate was achieved. The research found that OTC misuse, particularly of certain analgesics, sleeping prescriptions, products containing codeine or pseudoephedrine, caffeine, cough mixtures, and laxatives was common. The estimated mean number of patients suspected of misusing medicines in a typical week was 5.63. Pharmacies in urban areas were more likely than those in rural areas to report suspected misuse. The research identified a number of intervention strategies relating to: patient/pharmacist interaction; information provision; removal of products from the point of sale; sharing of information with other local pharmacists; and referral to other members of the primary care team. Pharmacists expressed a need for support in managing OTC misuse and in organising 'early warning systems' to share information locally. RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) IS - 1466-4240 IL - 1466-4240 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2001 Sep DC - 20011101 YR - 2001 ED - 20011207 RD - 20090323 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11688306 <546. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11449183 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Siragusa R AU - Passarino G AU - Mollo F AU - Tappero P FA - Siragusa, R FA - Passarino, G FA - Mollo, F FA - Tappero, P IN - Siragusa,R. Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. TI - HCV positivity at postmortem among 793 heroin addicts examined in Piedmont (Italy). SO - Panminerva Medica. 43(2):119-21, 2001 Jun. AS - Panminerva Med. 43(2):119-21, 2001 Jun. NJ - Panminerva medica PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0421110, oqn SB - Index Medicus CP - Italy MH - Adult MH - Cadaver MH - Female MH - *Hepatitis C Antibodies/an [Analysis] MH - *Heroin Dependence/im [Immunology] MH - Humans MH - Italy MH - Male MH - Retrospective Studies AB - BACKGROUND: During a wider study in progress at the Turin University with the cooperation of the Departments of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, and of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, anti-HCV antibodies were determined in the blood of drug-addicts submitted to judicial autopsy. AB - METHODS: This investigation was carried out on blood samples taken at postmortem from 793 subjects submitted to judicial autopsy in Piedmont from 1977 to 1996. This is a retrospective investigation and these cases represented 93.9% of the total autopsies, and 98.6% of them came from Turin and province. AB - RESULTS: The percentage of subjects for whom the search for anti-HCV antibodies proved positive was 75.8% (74.5% among males, and 86.5% among females). These data remained relatively unchanged through the years, with a range 64.3% to 85.3%. They are close to those recorded in the international literature with regard to living subjects admitted to public health institutions for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction. AB - CONCLUSIONS: As the positivity related to age, lower values were found among the 15-20-year olds as compared to the older ones: 57.1% among the former, and 85.5% among the latter. This difference may be due to a longer period of drug addiction among subjects deceased at an older age, with a more prolonged risk of infection. RN - 0 (Hepatitis C Antibodies) IS - 0031-0808 IL - 0031-0808 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2001 Jun DC - 20010712 YR - 2001 ED - 20011205 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11449183 <547. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11349752 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Roth MT AU - Westman EC FA - Roth, M T FA - Westman, E C IN - Roth,M T. Ambulatory Care Clinics, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Carolina, USA. TI - Use of bupropion SR in a pharmacist-managed outpatient smoking-cessation program. SO - Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 21(5):636-41, 2001 May. AS - Pharmacotherapy. 21(5):636-41, 2001 May. NJ - Pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - par, 8111305 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Ambulatory Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Ambulatory Care MH - Bupropion/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Bupropion/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Bupropion MH - Chi-Square Distribution MH - Comorbidity MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Delayed-Action Preparations MH - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Odds Ratio MH - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Recurrence MH - Smoking/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - Smoking Cessation/px [Psychology] MH - *Smoking Cessation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - We administered bupropion sustained-release (SR) in a pharmacist-managed outpatient smoking-cessation program. Patients were referred to the program by their primary care physician. All patients completed initial visit questionnaires, received behavioral counseling by a clinical pharmacist, and were provided educational materials on smoking cessation. Seventy-one patients received bupropion SR for treatment of nicotine dependence and were followed for 6 months. Point prevalence abstinence rates were 28.2% and 25.4% at 8 weeks and 6 months, respectively. The trend was toward lower cessation rates in patients with a documented psychiatric diagnosis at 6 months (p=0.064). Bupropion SR was fairly well tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being dry mouth and bad taste. The agent appears to have better success for smoking cessation in patients free of psychiatric comorbidities, but further research is required to support this finding. RN - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion) IS - 0277-0008 IL - 0277-0008 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2001 May DC - 20010514 YR - 2001 ED - 20011004 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11349752 <548. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10815647 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lydiard RB FA - Lydiard, R B IN - Lydiard,R B. Institute of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA. TI - An overview of generalized anxiety disorder: disease state--appropriate therapy. [Review] [51 refs] SO - Clinical Therapeutics. 22 Suppl A:A3-19; discussion A20-4, 2000. AS - Clin Ther. 22 Suppl A:A3-19; discussion A20-4, 2000. NJ - Clinical therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cpe, 7706726 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Anxiety Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Anxiety Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Anxiety Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Benzodiazepines/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - Middle Aged MH - Panic Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - Panic Disorder/th [Therapy] AB - OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). AB - BACKGROUND: Patients with GAD often present to primary care physicians; frequently the disorder manifests with somatic symptoms that have no identifiable physiologic foundation. Accurate diagnosis and treatment often prove elusive, and health care resources are inappropriately consumed in the management of a wide array of complaints, including headache, noncardiac angina, fatigue, insomnia, or abdominal discomfort. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical; GAD is frequently associated with other anxiety and mood disorders, major depressive disorder among them. The differential diagnosis of GAD is complex, including medication side effects and substance-related dependence or withdrawal phenomena, as well as endocrine, neurologic, cardiorespiratory, and autoimmune disorders. AB - CONCLUSIONS: GAD is differentiated from adjustment disorder with anxiety because only GAD can manifest without identifiable emotional stressors; it is differentiated from panic disorder largely on the basis of the chronicity of GAD and the episodic, abrupt nature of panic attacks, with the involvement of at least 4 autonomic, cardiopulmonary, neurologic, or other symptoms. In addition to psychotherapy, education, lifestyle modifications, and social support, several pharmacologic agents may be appropriate therapy for GAD. Given the chronic, nonremitting, relapsing character of GAD, use of benzodiazepines, which confer short-term relief, is usually ill-advised in long-term treatment because these agents can impair cognitive and psychomotor function, interact with various central nervous system depressants (eg, alcohol), and exhibit substantial potential for abuse, tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal effects. Buspirone and certain antidepressants, including the dual noradrenergic-serotonergic reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine, represent first-line therapy for GAD. [References: 51] RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) RN - 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines) IS - 0149-2918 IL - 0149-2918 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2000 DC - 20010816 YR - 2000 ED - 20010913 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10815647 <549. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11487992 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Brooks VG AU - Brock TP AU - Ahn J FA - Brooks, V G FA - Brock, T P FA - Ahn, J IN - Brooks,V G. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. TI - Do training programs work? An assessment of pharmacists activities in the field of chemical dependency. SO - Journal of Drug Education. 31(2):153-69, 2001. AS - J Drug Educ. 31(2):153-69, 2001. NJ - Journal of drug education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jl7, 1300031 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing/st [Standards] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Pharmacists MH - Professional Competence MH - *Professional-Patient Relations MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Utah AB - OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to determine if a selected sample of pharmacists who had attended a chemical dependency training program were performing more chemical dependency related activities than a group of American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) members who had not had this training. Additionally, an assessment of the perceived barriers to performing chemical dependencyrelated activities was performed. AB - DESIGN: A confidential mail questionnaire was sent to 305 Utah School participants and 305 APhA members who had not participated in the program (See Appendix). AB - RESULTS: Respondents who had received educational training in chemical dependency were more likely to perform the following activities: lecture to community groups and health care professionals about chemical dependency, participate in a pharmacists' recovery program, provide patients with information about treatment centers, and counsel patients about the alcohol in over-the-counter products. Respondents who had not received chemical dependency training indicated that the following barriers prevented them from taking a more active role in the chemical dependency field: lack of knowledge of chemical dependency resources in the community, unaware of how to get involved with the state recovery program, belief that involvement in the state recovery program would hurt their professional reputation, belief that chemically dependent individuals cannot be rehabilitated, and uncomfortable working with chemically dependent patients. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists who have attended substance abuse training programs are performing more chemical dependency activities than pharmacists who have not received training in chemical dependency. In addition, different barriers to performing chemical dependency related activities exist between pharmacists with and without training in this field. IS - 0047-2379 IL - 0047-2379 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2001 DC - 20010807 YR - 2001 ED - 20010830 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11487992 <550. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11372905 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kassam R AU - Farris KB AU - Burback L AU - Volume CI AU - Cox CE AU - Cave A FA - Kassam, R FA - Farris, K B FA - Burback, L FA - Volume, C I FA - Cox, C E FA - Cave, A IN - Kassam,R. Structured Pharmacy Education Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. TI - Pharmaceutical care research and education project: pharmacists' interventions. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 41(3):401-10, 2001 May-Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 41(3):401-10, 2001 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists MH - Referral and Consultation AB - OBJECTIVES: To describe the processes of care used by community pharmacists participating in the Pharmaceutical Care Research and Education Project (PREP) in terms of drug-related problems (DRPs), pharmacists' recommendations, and status of DRPs at follow-up, and to determine characteristics associated with DRPs. AB - DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of the treatment group from a larger randomized, controlled cluster design. AB - SETTING: Five independent community pharmacies in Alberta. AB - PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-nine patients who were covered under Alberta Health and Wellness's senior drug benefit plan (i.e., 65 years or older), were taking three or more medications concurrently according to pharmacy records, were able to complete telephone interviews as determined by pharmacists, maintained residence in Alberta for 12 of the 15 study months, agreed to receive their prescription medications only from the study pharmacy during the study period, and provided informed consent. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of DRPs, recommendations, status of DRPs, and analysis of clinical results as determined during pharmacists' follow-up care. AB - RESULTS: In telephone surveys, patients reported taking 4.7 prescription medications per day, but pharmacists documented 8.7 prescription medications per day in their records. Pharmacists documented 559 DRPs, a mean (+/- SD) of 3.9+/-3.2 problems per patient. Approximately 39% of problems were actual DRPs, while 60% were potential DRPs. Medical conditions associated most frequently with a DRP involved the respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. The most common DRP categories were "patient requires drug therapy" or "patient requires influenza or pneumococcal vaccination." Pharmacists wrote 551 initial clinical notes using the subjective, objective, assessment, plan (SOAP) format, and they recorded 346 follow-up interventions, also using SOAP notes. Counseling, preventive consultations, and clinical monitoring represented 40% of their recommendations. In 80% of situations, the pharmacist made the recommendation directly to the patient. On follow-up, 40% of the 559 DRPs identified were resolved, controlled, or improved. Patients accepted 76% of pharmacists' recommendations, and physicians accepted 72% of pharmacists' suggested resolutions of DRPs. Pharmacists were more likely to follow up about actual DRPs, as compared with potential ones; overall, they followed up on 62% of identified DRPs. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists identified more DRPs for study patients than previous community-based, observational studies have reported. Undertreatment appears to be a prevalent DRP. Community pharmacists' recommendations to prevent and resolve DRPs were made primarily to patients and were well accepted. More follow-up was needed for all DRPs. When follow-up occurred, the DRP results generally showed improvement. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2001 May-Jun DC - 20010524 YR - 2001 ED - 20010614 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11372905 <551. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11372904 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dabney DA FA - Dabney, D A IN - Dabney,D A. (Department of Criminal Justice, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30302-4018, USA. ddabney@gsu.edu TI - Onset of illegal use of mind-altering or potentially addictive prescription drugs among pharmacists. CM - Comment in: J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2001 May-Jun;41(3):371; PMID: 11372899 CM - Comment in: J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2001 Nov-Dec;41(6):790-2; PMID: 11765099 SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 41(3):392-400, 2001 May-Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 41(3):392-400, 2001 May-Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Decision Making MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Prevalence MH - *Self Medication MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine the temporal and descriptive aspects of pharmacists' decision-making processes regarding illegal use of mind-altering or potentially addictive prescription drugs (PAPDs) and to measure the effects of social factors associated with being and becoming a pharmacist on pharmacists' decisions to use PAPDs illegally. AB - DESIGN: One-time, written, mailed survey. AB - SETTING: United States. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of licensed practicing pharmacists who were members of the American Pharmaceutical Association in fall 1996. AB - INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses to items on the survey. AB - RESULTS: Nearly 40% of respondents indicated that they had used a form of PAPD without first obtaining a physician's authorizing prescription. A significant portion of the sample showed signs of repeated use-20% of the respondents reported 5 or more lifetime PAPD-use episodes, and 6% reported more than 10 such episodes. Almost 6% of the respondents identified themselves as being drug abusers at some point during their pharmacy careers. Moreover, a full 88% of these pharmacists began such illegal PAPD use after entering college, 51% used more than one type or class of PAPD, and 69% directly violated their professional code of ethics and state and/or federal laws by either stealing PAPDs from their place of employment (61%) or forging prescriptions (8%) to obtain them. AB - CONCLUSION: A considerable percentage (40%) of the pharmacists surveyed had, on at least one occasion, used some form of PAPD without first obtaining a physician's authorizing prescription, and about one-fifth of respondents reported repeated use. The onset of such illegal PAPD use by pharmacists almost always occurred after the individuals had entered college. Interpersonal factors, such as positive reinforcement of self-medication practices from peers and increased levels of one's own approval for self-medication, appear to increase the likelihood that a pharmacist will engage in such illegal PAPD use. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2001 May-Jun DC - 20010524 YR - 2001 ED - 20010614 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11372904 <552. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11329119 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Golden AG AU - Silverman MA AU - Preston RA FA - Golden, A G FA - Silverman, M A FA - Preston, R A IN - Golden,A G. Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. TI - University of Miami division of clinical pharmacology therapeutic rounds: issues in prescribing for geriatric patients and emerging practice guidelines. SO - American Journal of Therapeutics. 6(6):341-8, 1999 Nov. AS - Am J Ther. 6(6):341-8, 1999 Nov. NJ - American journal of therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - db7, 9441347 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Health Services for the Aged MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Polypharmacy MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - *Practice Patterns, Physicians' MH - *Treatment Refusal AB - The geriatric population accounts for over 12% of the United States population and consumes over 25% of all prescription medications. Polypharmacy and patient noncompliance are often encountered in caring for these patients. These issues along with a variety of age-related physiologic changes and the presence of multiple medical illnesses place the elderly at an increased risk for adverse drug reactions. Especially worrisome is the use of long-acting benzodiazepines and anticholinergic medications in this population. The problem of adverse drug reactions is a common clinical problem that is of great public concern as the number of older persons in the United States continues to grow. In response, a variety of proactive measures have been developed. These measures include the development of consensus criteria for inappropriate medications, federal government regulation, expansion of the role of clinical pharmacists, and computer-assisted prescribing protocols. IS - 1075-2765 IL - 1075-2765 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1999 Nov DC - 20010430 YR - 1999 ED - 20010614 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11329119 <553. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11259544 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Soderstrom K AU - Johnson F FA - Soderstrom, K FA - Johnson, F IN - Soderstrom,K. Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, USA. soderstrom@psy.fsu.edu TI - Zebra finch CB1 cannabinoid receptor: pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro effects of activation. SO - Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics. 297(1):189-97, 2001 Apr. AS - J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 297(1):189-97, 2001 Apr. NJ - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jp3, 0376362 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adenine/me [Metabolism] MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animals MH - Behavior, Animal/de [Drug Effects] MH - Benzoxazines MH - *Birds/ph [Physiology] MH - CHO Cells MH - Cricetinae MH - Cyclohexanols/me [Metabolism] MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Morpholines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Naphthalenes/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Receptors, Cannabinoid MH - Receptors, Drug/de [Drug Effects] MH - Receptors, Drug/ge [Genetics] MH - *Receptors, Drug/ph [Physiology] MH - *Vocalization, Animal AB - Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) learn vocal behavior during sensitive developmental periods, similar to the way in which human language is acquired. As adults, they recite the learned song pattern in a stereotyped manner. Previously, we demonstrated that central nervous system-associated cannabinoid receptors (CB1) are expressed in brain regions known to control both juvenile song learning and adult recitation of song. Here we extend these findings by establishing the zebra finch as a behavioral model to study cannabinoid pharmacology, showing that the cannabinoid agonist WIN55212-2 inhibits both adult song production and locomotor activity, effects that are antagonist-reversed. Through radioligand binding assays we investigated the pharmacology of a number of cannabinoid ligands representing all structural classes and established an affinity profile that can be compared with that of other species. To begin to characterize signal transduction mechanisms we isolated cDNA encoding the receptor protein. The zebra finch CB1 receptor (ZFCB1) is highly expressed in brain with amino acid sequence 92% identical to human CB1 receptor. Establishment of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line stably expressing ZFCB1 allowed demonstration that the cannabinoid agonist WIN55212-2 dose dependently and potently inhibits forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (IC(50) = 9.0 nM, maximum inhibition = 49% at 100 nM WIN55212-2, reversed by 1 mM SR141716A). Cyclase inhibition indicates that ZFCB1-mediated signal transduction is consistent with that of mammalian CB1 receptors. Overall, cannabinoid inhibition of adult song production and conserved pharmacology render the zebra finch a promising model to investigate cannabinoid effects on learning by juveniles. RN - 0 (Benzoxazines) RN - 0 (Cyclohexanols) RN - 0 (Morpholines) RN - 0 (Naphthalenes) RN - 0 (Receptors, Cannabinoid) RN - 0 (Receptors, Drug) RN - 134959-51-6 (Win 55212-2) RN - 83003-12-7 (3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol) RN - JAC85A2161 (Adenine) IS - 0022-3565 IL - 0022-3565 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA05986 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DC02035 (United States NIDCD NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2001 Apr DC - 20010322 YR - 2001 ED - 20010503 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11259544 <554. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11292284 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Tilney NL AU - Guttmann RD AU - Daar AS AU - Hoffenberg R AU - Kennedy I AU - Lock M AU - Radcliffe-Richards J AU - Sells RA FA - Tilney, N L FA - Guttmann, R D FA - Daar, A S FA - Hoffenberg, R FA - Kennedy, I FA - Lock, M FA - Radcliffe-Richards, J FA - Sells, R A IN - Tilney,N L. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. TI - The new chimaera: the industrialization of organ transplantation. International Forum for Transplant Ethics. SO - Transplantation. 71(5):591-3, 2001 Mar 15. AS - Transplantation. 71(5):591-3, 2001 Mar 15. NJ - Transplantation PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - wej, 0132144 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - *Drug Industry/td [Trends] MH - Humans MH - *Organ Transplantation/td [Trends] MH - Research Support as Topic AB - Clinical organ transplantation has evolved through advances in patient care in parallel with investigations in associated biologies. It has developed from a cottage industry to an important medical specialty driven increasingly by the availability of newer and more effective immunosuppressive drugs, and dependent on consistently close collaborations between university-based clinical scientists and the pharmaceutical industry. Particularly during the past decade, however, this industry has undergone striking changes, consolidating into huge multi-national corporations, each competing for patients, their doctors, and for support of the allied hospitals. Because of the growth of "Big Pharma," the relationship between academia and industry has changed. There have been many advantages to such mutually dependent interactions. A combination of university-based expertise and the specialized knowledge and resources of industry have produced important scientific gains in drug development. Commercial sponsorship of applied research has been crucial. The orchestration of multicenter controlled clinical drug trials has provided invaluable information about the effectiveness of newer agents. But there are also disadvantages of increasing concern. Indeed, the power of "Big Pharma" in many medical fields including transplantation is such that presentation of data can be delayed, adverse results withheld, and individual investigations hampered. Clinical trials may be protracted to stifle competition. Monetary considerations may transcend common sense. Several measures to enhance the clinical relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and those involved with organ transplantation are suggested, particularly the use of third party advisors in the production of clinical trials, support for more basic research and in the dissemination of results. In this way, the increasingly problematic phenomenon of commercialization of the field of transplantation can be tempered and controlled. IS - 0041-1337 IL - 0041-1337 PT - Editorial LG - English DP - 2001 Mar 15 DC - 20010406 YR - 2001 ED - 20010419 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11292284 <555. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11216101 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hepler CD FA - Hepler, C D IN - Hepler,C D. DuBow Family Center for Research in Pharmaceutical Care, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Box 100496, Gainesville, FL 32610-0496, USA. hepler@cop.ufl.edu TI - Regulating for outcomes as a systems response to the problem of drug-related morbidity. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 41(1):108-15, 2001 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 41(1):108-15, 2001 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Adult MH - Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - *Medication Errors/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Medication Systems/st [Standards] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacists MH - *Polypharmacy MH - Prevalence MH - *Problem Solving MH - Quality Assurance, Health Care MH - Treatment Outcome MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the evidence that preventable adverse outcomes of drug therapy are prevalent in the United States and Europe, to describe the causes of this problem, to outline a systems response that would correct or improve the problem, to discuss pharmacy's contribution to that solution, and to propose a strategy for implementation. AB - SUMMARY: The causes of the widespread problem of preventable drug-related morbidity (PDRM) that have been identified in the literature constitute system failure. Health professionals can understand an individual patient's care system if they organize their thinking about systems as efficiently as they organize their thinking about medical or pharmaceutical problems. Six essential system characteristics are proposed, based on the PDRM literature. Regulations should mandate regular patient and system performance assessments--specifically, that health professionals (1) identify, resolve, and document specific pharmacotherapy problems; (2) assess system performance and identify recurring root causes of problems; and (3) document assessments, problems found, actions taken, and follow-up. These regulations would, in essence, mandate individual quality improvement (QI) programs. QI and pharmaceutical care require similar processes of decisions and actions, one from a practice (multipatient) perspective and the other from a patient perspective. AB - CONCLUSION: Health care accreditation agencies are moving toward regulation for outcomes. Pharmacy managers should embrace and regulatory boards should participate in this movement. Such regulations would clarify pharmacy's role in support of safe and effective pharmacotherapy and would constitute a commitment to pharmaceutical care as public service. A widely adopted system of measuring and improving the quality of medication use and outcomes could eventually lead to quality benchmarks in the community pharmacy setting, which would more firmly establish the value of the pharmacist in pharmacotherapy. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2001 Jan-Feb DC - 20010216 YR - 2001 ED - 20010308 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11216101 <556. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11216116 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Reutzel TJ AU - Patel R AU - Myers MA FA - Reutzel, T J FA - Patel, R FA - Myers, M A IN - Reutzel,T J. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA. treutz@midwestern.edu TI - Medication management in primary and secondary schools. [Review] [66 refs] SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 41(1):67-77, 2001 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 41(1):67-77, 2001 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - United States MH - Child MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Health Policy MH - Humans MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Pharmaceutical Preparations MH - *School Health Services MH - *School Nursing MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To summarize present knowledge about medication management in primary and secondary schools; to place this knowledge in its drug use and organizational contexts; and to provide a foundation for studying the problem and developing policy- and practice-level interventions aimed at alleviating it. To offer recommendations for practitioners, policy makers, and health professions educators aimed at improving the situation. AB - DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE database (1966-1998); International Pharmaceutical Abstracts database (1977-1998); complete Medscape full-text search; contents of the Journal of School Nursing and the Journal of School Health (1966-present). AB - STUDY SELECTION: We reviewed 95% of all articles, books, and reports identified using the search terms elementary school, middle school, junior high school, high school, primary school, secondary school, school nurse, school health, and schoolchildren. AB - DATA EXTRACTION: The literature on this topic includes background material describing the nature of the problem and its political and organizational context and implying its significance; summaries of regulations, guidelines, and recommendations regarding medication management in the schools; and empirical studies. Few articles address pharmacist involvement in medication management in schools. AB - DATA SYNTHESIS: Although approaches to this important problem vary widely, a set of core medication management guidelines is identifiable. Formal research is sparse, but it shows that medication use is widespread in schools and carries significant therapeutic and safety consequences. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists and school nurses must cross professional borders if they wish to play a role in solving this important drug therapy problem. Pharmacists can provide therapeutic and contextual perspectives on the problem, while school nurses can implement solutions within the schools. [References: 66] RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2001 Jan-Feb DC - 20010216 YR - 2001 ED - 20010308 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11216116 <557. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11094653 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Follin SL AU - Kwong NM FA - Follin, S L FA - Kwong, N M IN - Follin,S L. Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Colorado, Denver, USA. sheryl.follin@uchsc.edu TI - Enhancement of a pharmacy consultation program on a transitional care unit. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 57(21):1990-3, 2000 Nov 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 57(21):1990-3, 2000 Nov 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Data Collection MH - Hospital Units MH - Hospitals, Community MH - Humans MH - *Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Referral and Consultation AB - The revision and outcomes of a pharmacy consultation program on a transitional care unit (TCU) are described. In 1996, the pharmacy consultation program for the TCU at a 550-bed, tertiary care, community teaching hospital was revised. The changes included increasing the number and depth of medication reviews, mandating pharmacist attendance at interdisciplinary meetings, simplifying the medication review form, and expanding physician education. Data collected during the final two years of the original program (May 1994 to April 1996) and the first two years of the revised program (July 1996 to August 1998) were compared. The number of drug-related problems identified per admission was 0.80 for the revised program (versus 0.32 for the original program), the percentage of patients receiving at least one pharmacy medication review was 99% (versus 70%), the number of pharmacist recommendations made was 726 (versus 140), and the percentage of recommendations accepted was 82% (versus 55%). The program required up to 15 hours of pharmacist time per week. Cost savings were estimated at $15,000 for the first year of the revised program and $23,000 for the second year. Revision of the pharmacy consultation program for a TCU increased the identification of drug-related problems and the number of pharmacist recommendations, helped integrate pharmacists into the interdisciplinary care team, and produced a modest estimated cost savings. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2000 Nov 1 DC - 20010223 YR - 2000 ED - 20010308 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11094653 <558. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11111361 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Romanelli F AU - Smith KM AU - Pomeroy C FA - Romanelli, F FA - Smith, K M FA - Pomeroy, C IN - Romanelli,F. College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0293, USA. froma2@pop.uky.edu TI - Reducing the transmission of HIV-1: needle bleaching as a means of disinfection. [Review] [46 refs] SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 40(6):812-7, 2000 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 40(6):812-7, 2000 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/tm [Transmission] MH - *Disinfection MH - HIV Seroprevalence MH - *HIV-1/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Needles MH - Pharmacists MH - *Sodium Hypochlorite/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/co [Complications] AB - OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy, safety, and proper methods for use of bleach (sodium hypochlorite) as a means of needle disinfection. AB - DATA SOURCES: Controlled studies cited in MEDLINE between 1966 and 1999 using indexing terms: needle, bleach, HIV/AIDS, and disinfection. AB - STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were categorized based on experimental conditions produced and specific testing procedures used. AB - DATA SYNTHESIS: Used properly, undiluted bleach (sodium hypochlorite 5.25%) appears to be an effective disinfection solution for used needles. Proper needle disinfection with undiluted bleach may reduce the risk of HIV transmission among injection drug users from needle sharing. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists can play a role in reducing HIV transmission among injection drug users by advocating cessation of drug use, drug treatment programs, and avoidance of needle sharing. Pharmacists should be prepared to educate patients who are unwilling to cease illicit drug use or participate in drug treatment programs on the proper methods of bleach disinfection of used needles. [References: 46] RN - DY38VHM5OD (Sodium Hypochlorite) IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2000 Nov-Dec DC - 20010103 YR - 2000 ED - 20010103 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11111361 <559. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11093569 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McIlvain HE AU - Crabtree BF AU - Backer EL AU - Turner PD FA - McIlvain, H E FA - Crabtree, B F FA - Backer, E L FA - Turner, P D IN - McIlvain,H E. Department of Family Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-3075, USA. hemcilva@unmc.edu TI - Use of office-based smoking cessation activities in family practices. SO - Journal of Family Practice. 49(11):1025-9, 2000 Nov. AS - J. FAM. PRACT.. 49(11):1025-9, 2000 Nov. NJ - The Journal of family practice PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7502590 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Family Practice MH - Health Promotion/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Nebraska MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Physicians' Offices MH - Research Design MH - *Smoking Cessation AB - BACKGROUND: Smoking is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Recommendations for increasing physician effectiveness in smoking cessation through the use of office-based activities have been disseminated, but the extent of implementation is unknown. We describe the degree to which selected family practices in Nebraska have implemented 15 specific office-based activities. AB - METHODS: We employed a cross-sectional integrated multimethod design. A research nurse observed a target physician and his or her staff during a 1-day visit in a random sample of 89 family practices. Data collection consisted of focused observation of the practice environment, key informant interviews, medical record reviews, and in-depth interviews with the physicians. AB - RESULTS: The majority of the practices sampled had an office environment that restricted smoking, but few used visual cessation messages or information in the waiting room offering help and encouraging patients to quit. Most had educational materials that were supplied by pharmaceutical companies for promoting nicotine replacement systems. These materials were easily accessible in more than half of the practices. Smoking cessation activities were initiated and carried out by physicians with minimal use of their staff. Smoking status was documented in 51% of the medical records reviewed but seldom in a place readily accessible to the physician. All physicians were very aware of the importance of smoking cessation counseling, and most felt confident in their skills. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Despite identification of patient smoking as a problem, most practices were not using office-based activities to enhance and support physician counseling. New perspectives for helping practices with this task need to be explored. IS - 0094-3509 IL - 0094-3509 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2000 Nov DC - 20001208 YR - 2000 ED - 20001208 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11093569 <560. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10917375 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kroger E AU - Moisan J AU - Gregoire JP FA - Kroger, E FA - Moisan, J FA - Gregoire, J P IN - Kroger,E. Equipe de Pharmaco-Epidemiologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada. TI - Billing for cognitive services: understanding Quebec pharmacists' behavior. CM - Comment in: Ann Pharmacother. 2000 Mar;34(3):401-2; PMID: 10917390 SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 34(3):309-16, 2000 Mar. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 34(3):309-16, 2000 Mar. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Data Collection MH - *Fees, Pharmaceutical MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/ec [Economics] MH - Pharmacies/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacists/ec [Economics] MH - Quebec MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that pharmacists' interventions to solve drug-related problems are effective and cost-saving. Since 1978, under the Quebec provincial drug plan, payment for two cognitive services, the pharmaceutical opinion and the refusal to dispense a prescription, has been disbursed to community pharmacists. However, the number of claims for these services lags far behind expectations. AB - OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing Quebec community pharmacists in the billing for a pharmaceutical opinion or for a refusal to dispense. AB - METHODS: Questions on predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors potentially related to pharmacists' behavior were included in a self-administered questionnaire sent to all 3517 community pharmacists practicing in the province of Quebec during 1996. Using multivariate logistic regression, models were built to explain billing for an opinion and billing for a refusal. AB - RESULTS: According to our models, the typical pharmacist who billed for opinions or refusals in Quebec is <45 years of age, has attended a continuing education program on this topic, and believes that billing for interventions is important. This typical pharmacist handles a mean daily volume of 100-250 prescriptions, uses a decision-support computer program, and has sufficient technical staff assistance. This pharmacist believes that interventions can be billed rapidly and are consistently paid by the province's drug plan. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In order to increase the billing of pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies, tailored educational programs should be offered to pharmacists. There is also a need to improve working conditions in pharmacies. IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2000 Mar DC - 20001130 YR - 2000 ED - 20001130 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10917375 <561. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10883411 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Giannini AJ AU - Giannini JN AU - Condon M FA - Giannini, A J FA - Giannini, J N FA - Condon, M IN - Giannini,A J. Department of Corporate Medical Director, Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., Austintown, Ohio, USA. TI - Use of tangential visual symbols to increase the long-term learning process: applications of linkage in teaching pharmacological principles of addiction. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 40(7):708-12, 2000 Jul. AS - J Clin Pharmacol. 40(7):708-12, 2000 Jul. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ht9, 0366372 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - *Audiovisual Aids MH - Communication MH - *Education, Medical/mt [Methods] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Learning MH - Male MH - *Memory MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - Students, Medical MH - Substance-Related Disorders AB - Medieval and Renaissance teaching techniques using linkage between course content and tangentially related visual symbols were applied to the teaching of the pharmacological principles of addiction. Forty medical students randomly divided into two blinded groups viewed a lecture. One lecture was supplemented by symbolic slides, and the second was not. Students who viewed symbolic slides had significantly higher scores in a written 15-question multiple-choice test 30 days after the lecture. These results were consistent with learning and semiotic models. These models hypothesize a linkage between conceptual content and perception of visual symbols that thereby increases conceptual retention. Recent neurochemical research supports the existence of a linkage between two chemically distinct memory systems. Simultaneous stimulation of both chemical systems by teaching formats similar to those employed in the study can augment neurochemical signaling in the neocortex. IS - 0091-2700 IL - 0091-2700 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English DP - 2000 Jul DC - 20001019 YR - 2000 ED - 20001019 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10883411 <562. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10852084 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Melnyk PS AU - Shevchuk YM AU - Remillard AJ FA - Melnyk, P S FA - Shevchuk, Y M FA - Remillard, A J IN - Melnyk,P S. Dial Access Drug Information Service, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan at Saskatoon, Canada. paul.melnyk@usask.ca TI - Impact of the dial access drug information service on patient outcome. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 34(5):585-92, 2000 May. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 34(5):585-92, 2000 May. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Consumer Participation MH - *Drug Information Services/st [Standards] MH - Evaluation Studies as Topic MH - Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - *Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - *Quality Assurance, Health Care/st [Standards] MH - Quality of Health Care MH - Saskatchewan MH - Telephone MH - Time Factors AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a drug information service on patient outcomes. AB - DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of patient-specific drug information requests. AB - SETTING: Healthcare professional and consumer drug information service located at a college of pharmacy. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Consumers and healthcare professionals of the province. AB - INTERVENTION: Patient-specific questions received by the drug information service were reviewed and evaluated for actual patient outcome, inquirers' opinion of impact of the service with respect to patient outcome, and for objectivity and timeliness of the response. An expert panel determined whether the responses and recommendations given by the service were appropriate, determined what impact the service had on the patient, and assessed the seriousness of the inquiry. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Classification of patient outcome by objective and subjective data based on predetermined desired outcomes. AB - RESULTS: Ninety-eight and 68 patient-specific requests were received from healthcare professionals and consumers, respectively. The panel concluded that 94.9% of the healthcare requests and 98.5% of the consumer requests were answered appropriately and that the majority of the requests involved potentially serious drug-related problems. The panel also determined that 46.8% of the recommendations to healthcare professionals and 41.0% of the recommendations to consumers resulted in positive patient outcomes. The majority of the positive outcomes involved the prevention of a disease or its symptoms (professional section) and the reduction or elimination of symptoms (consumer section). AB - CONCLUSIONS: The drug information service not only met its objectives of providing drug information in an accurate, objective, and timely manner, but was also able to provide positive patient outcomes. IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2000 May DC - 20000928 YR - 2000 ED - 20000928 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10852084 <563. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10911931 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kreek MJ FA - Kreek, M J IN - Kreek,M J. Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA. kreek@mail.rockefeller.edu TI - Methadone-related opioid agonist pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction. History, recent molecular and neurochemical research and future in mainstream medicine. [Review] [109 refs] SO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 909:186-216, 2000. AS - Ann N Y Acad Sci. 909:186-216, 2000. NJ - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 5nm, 7506858 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/se [Secretion] MH - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/se [Secretion] MH - *Heroin Dependence/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Heroin Dependence/me [Metabolism] MH - Humans MH - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/de [Drug Effects] MH - Methadone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Methadyl Acetate/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Pituitary-Adrenal System/de [Drug Effects] MH - Pro-Opiomelanocortin/me [Metabolism] MH - beta-Endorphin/ph [Physiology] AB - In 1963, Professor Vincent P. Dole at the Rockefeller University formed a small team to develop a pharmacotherapy for the management of heroin addiction. They hypothesized that heroin addiction is a disease of the brain with behavioral manifestations, and not merely a personality disorder or criminal behavior and began to address the specific question of whether a long-acting opioid agonist could be used in the long-term maintenance treatment of heroin addiction. Over the next 35 years, many studies documented the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of methadone pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction, but Federal regulations and stigmatization of heroin addiction prevented implementation of treatment. Finally, in 1999, NIH published a report unequivocally supporting methadone maintenance pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction. Two other effective opioid agonist treatments have been developed: the even longer acting opioid agonist l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) has been approved for pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction, and still under study is the opioid partial agonist-antagonist buprenorphine-naloxone combination. A variety of studies, both laboratory based and clinical, have revealed the mechanisms of action of long-acting opioid agonists in treatment, including prevention of disruption of molecular, cellular and physiologic events and, in fact, allowing normalization of those functions disrupted by chronic heroin use. Recent molecular biological studies have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human mu opioid receptor gene; the mu opioid receptor is the site of action of heroin, the major opiate drug of abuse, analgesic agents such as morphine, and the major treatment agents for heroin addiction. These findings support the early hypotheses of our laboratory that addiction may be due to a combination of genetic, drug-induced and environmental (including behavioral) factors and also, that atypical stress responsivity may contribute to the acquisition and persistence of, as well as relapse to, use of addictive drugs. [References: 109] RN - 60617-12-1 (beta-Endorphin) RN - 66796-54-1 (Pro-Opiomelanocortin) RN - 9002-60-2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) RN - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) RN - L59OC40KWJ (Methadyl Acetate) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0077-8923 IL - 0077-8923 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - DA-KO5-00049 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-P50-05130 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-RO1-09444 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) etc. LG - English DP - 2000 DC - 20000810 YR - 2000 ED - 20000810 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10911931 <564. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10805067 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hassan NA AU - Abdulla AA AU - Bakathir HA AU - Al-Amoodi AA AU - Aklan AM AU - de Vries TP FA - Hassan, N A FA - Abdulla, A A FA - Bakathir, H A FA - Al-Amoodi, A A FA - Aklan, A M FA - de Vries, T P IN - Hassan,N A. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Republic of Yemen. TI - The impact of problem-based pharmacotherapy training on the competence of rational prescribing of Yemen undergraduate students. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 55(11-12):873-6, 2000 Feb-Mar. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 55(11-12):873-6, 2000 Feb-Mar. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Asthma/di [Diagnosis] MH - Asthma/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Clinical Competence MH - Diarrhea/di [Diagnosis] MH - Diarrhea/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Problem-Based Learning MH - Random Allocation AB - OBJECTIVE: This study aims to reveal whether a short training course of problem-based pharmacotherapy teaching, based on the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Guide to Good Prescribing and the Yemen Essential Drug List and Standard Treatment Guidelines, will improve the competence of rational prescribing among medical and health assistant students in Yemen. AB - DESIGN: In a controlled pre/post-test study, 111 students from universities and health institutes participated on a voluntary basis. They were randomly separated into a study and a control group. Students of the study group were taught to generate standard first-choice drugs for asthma or diarrhoea. The students were then taught how to apply this set of first-choice drugs to specific patient problems, using the WHO six-step problem-solving approach. AB - RESULTS: Students from the study group performed significantly better than those from control in all problems presented and also when compared with the results of the pre-test. The results of the pre-test also show that teaching students all basic knowledge about drugs does not guarantee rational prescribing in Yemen. AB - CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from this study that proper training, i.e. 'immunising' future doctors using problem-based pharmacotherapy teaching, is an efficient way of teaching rational prescribing in Yemen. IS - 0031-6970 IL - 0031-6970 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 2000 Feb-Mar DC - 20000714 YR - 2000 ED - 20000714 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10805067 <565. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10721811 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Castaneda-Hernandez G AU - Granados-Soto V FA - Castaneda-Hernandez, G FA - Granados-Soto, V IN - Castaneda-Hernandez,G. Departamento de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D.F. Mexico. gilcas@infoabc.com TI - Considerations on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics: can everything be explained by the extent of drug binding to its receptor?. [Review] [60 refs] SO - Canadian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology. 78(3):199-207, 2000 Mar. AS - Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 78(3):199-207, 2000 Mar. NJ - Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cjm, 0372712 SB - Index Medicus CP - CANADA MH - Animals MH - Drug Tolerance MH - Furosemide/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Furosemide/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Homeostasis MH - Humans MH - Opioid-Related Disorders MH - *Pharmacokinetics MH - *Pharmacology MH - *Receptors, Drug/me [Metabolism] AB - It is frequently assumed that pharmacological responses depend solely on the extent of drug binding to its receptor according to the occupational theory. It is therefore presumed that the intensity of the effect is determined by drug concentration at its receptor site, yielding a unique concentration-effect relationship. However, when dependence, abstinence, and tolerance phenomena occur, as well as for pharmacological responses in vivo that are modulated by homeostatic mechanisms, the rate of drug input shifts the concentration-effect relationship. Hence, such responses cannot be explained on the sole basis of the extent of drug binding to its receptor. Information on the cellular and molecular processes involved in the generation of abstinence, dependence, and tolerance will undoubtedly result in the development of pharmacodynamic models allowing a satisfactory explanation of drug effects modulated by these phenomena. Notwithstanding, integrative physiology concepts are required to develop pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models allowing the description of drug effects in an intact organism. It is therefore important to emphasize that integrative physiology cannot be neglected in pharmacology teaching and research, but should be considered as an equally valuable tool as molecular biology and other biomedical disciplines for the understanding of pharmacological effects. [References: 60] RN - 0 (Receptors, Drug) RN - 7LXU5N7ZO5 (Furosemide) IS - 0008-4212 IL - 0008-4212 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2000 Mar DC - 20000511 YR - 2000 ED - 20000511 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10721811 <566. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10663447 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Troger U AU - Meyer FP FA - Troger, U FA - Meyer, F P IN - Troger,U. University Hospital Magdeburg, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Fakultat, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitat, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. uwe.troeger@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de TI - The regional drug-therapy consultation service centre - a conception that has been serving patients and physicians alike for 30 years in Magdeburg (Germany). [Review] [30 refs] SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 55(10):707-11, 2000 Jan. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 55(10):707-11, 2000 Jan. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Drug Information Services MH - Drug Monitoring/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Monitoring/td [Trends] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Education, Medical MH - Germany MH - Humans MH - *Patient-Centered Care/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacology, Clinical MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVES: Thirty years ago, a drug therapy consultation service centre was established simultaneously with the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology based at the university hospital in Magdeburg. The combination of therapeutic drug monitoring and a drug information service including individual patient-oriented drug dosage and bedside consultation permits an effective support of the treatment of drug related therapeutic problems. Currently, the service offers drug monitoring for 161 drugs and additional 46 metabolites. AB - METHODS AND DISCUSSION: In a representative 2-year period (1997-1998), drug monitoring was performed for 6293 patients, and 569 drug-related inquiries were answered. The main categories of required drug information were: pharmacokinetics/metabolism/analytical problems (38%), adverse drug reactions/drug safety (24%), therapeutic drug use/drug indication (21%) and pharmaceuticals (9%). Further activities of the institute refer to teaching of undergraduates, continuing education of local physicians in recent aspects of drug therapy, providing therapeutic bulletins and conducting supporting clinical studies. [References: 30] IS - 0031-6970 IL - 0031-6970 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2000 Jan DC - 20000317 YR - 2000 ED - 20000317 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10663447 <567. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10656191 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Abate P AU - Pepino MY AU - Dominguez HD AU - Spear NE AU - Molina JC FA - Abate, P FA - Pepino, M Y FA - Dominguez, H D FA - Spear, N E FA - Molina, J C IN - Abate,P. Instituto de Investigacion Medica M.M. Ferreryra, INIMEC-CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina. TI - Fetal associative learning mediated through maternal alcohol intoxication. SO - Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 24(1):39-47, 2000 Jan. AS - Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 24(1):39-47, 2000 Jan. NJ - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 35x, 7707242 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Alcoholic Intoxication/bl [Blood] MH - *Alcoholic Intoxication/px [Psychology] MH - Amniotic Fluid/me [Metabolism] MH - Animals MH - Association Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Association Learning MH - *Cyclohexanols MH - Ethanol/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Ethanol/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Female MH - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/bl [Blood] MH - *Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Menthol/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - *Monoterpenes MH - Motivation MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Smell/de [Drug Effects] MH - Solvents MH - Taste/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Terpenes AB - BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyze whether alcohol as an unconditioned stimulus is capable of supporting associative learning in near-term fetuses. AB - METHODS: In experiment 1, we determined pharmacokinetic profiles of alcohol and of an aromatic substance (cineole) in amniotic fluid and maternal blood during late gestation. The results obtained through gas chromatographic analysis allowed a second experiment in which we explicitly paired peak levels of cineole with peak levels of alcohol in amniotic fluid and blood, by intragastrically administering cineole and ethanol to the dams during gestational days 17 through 20 (paired condition). Control groups were dams given cineole 4 hr before commencement of an acute state of alcohol intoxication (long-delay group) or were only exposed to water administrations (water control group). The progeny were evaluated during postnatal day 16 in terms of behavioral responsiveness to intraorally infused solutions (cineole or alcohol presented in milk vehicle, or milk alone). AB - RESULTS: Mouthing responsiveness to cineole was strongly affected by the nature of prenatal treatments. Pups in the paired prenatal condition mouthed significantly less than did long-delay and water controls. Physical and behavioral measures allowed us to reject the possibility that these effects were due to teratogenic effects of alcohol during late gestation. AB - CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that before birth, rat fetuses are capable of acquiring associative memories supported by the unconditioned properties of alcohol. This associative memory can be expressed during infancy through a significant reduction in mouth movements in the presence of the specific orosensory cue explicitly paired with alcohol interoceptive effects in utero. RN - 0 (Cyclohexanols) RN - 0 (Monoterpenes) RN - 0 (Solvents) RN - 0 (Terpenes) RN - 1490-04-6 (Menthol) RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) RN - RV6J6604TK (eucalyptol) IS - 0145-6008 IL - 0145-6008 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - R01AA10223 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - R01AA11960 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 2000 Jan DC - 20000229 YR - 2000 ED - 20000229 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10656191 <568. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10672894 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Patten SB AU - Neutel CI FA - Patten, S B FA - Neutel, C I IN - Patten,S B. Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. patten@ucalgary.ca TI - Corticosteroid-induced adverse psychiatric effects: incidence, diagnosis and management. [Review] [96 refs] SO - Drug Safety. 22(2):111-22, 2000 Feb. AS - Drug Saf. 22(2):111-22, 2000 Feb. NJ - Drug safety PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ahq, 9002928 SB - Index Medicus CP - NEW ZEALAND MH - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Adrenal Cortex Hormones/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/di [Diagnosis] MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Psychoses, Substance-Induced/et [Etiology] MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/th [Therapy] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/et [Etiology] AB - Reports of corticosteroid-induced adverse psychiatric effects began to appear in the literature soon after the introduction of these medications in the 1950s. Unfortunately, early studies relied on informal classification and measurement procedures and tended to utilise nonspecific descriptive terminology (such as steroid psychosis'). A growing number of contemporary investigations have begun to address these problems. However, the literature remains surprisingly undeveloped from a pharmacoepidemiological perspective, consisting largely of case reports and case series. The objective of this review is to summarise published data concerning corticosteroid-induced adverse psychiatric effects. A clinical perspective will be adopted since opportunities to minimise the impact of corticosteroid-induced adverse effects tend to present themselves most readily within the sphere of clinical management. Some of the psychiatric adverse effects of corticosteroids are mild, and not necessarily clinically significant. However, several serious psychiatric syndromes can be caused by corticosteroids: substance-induced mood disorders (with depressive, manic and mixed features), substance-induced psychotic disorders and delirium. While certain clinical groups may be at greater risk of corticosteroid-induced adverse psychiatric effects, corticosteroid-induced psychiatric toxicity is remarkably unpredictable. The literature regarding prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced adverse psychiatric effects is poorly developed. As a result, the emphasis of this review is on clinical and epidemiological evidence linking specific adverse effects to corticosteroid medications. However, clinical reports do provide some practical guidance for prevention and treatment, and these are summarised as well. A variety of pharmacological strategies for treatment and prevention have been proposed. Education and support also appear to be important, and perhaps neglected. [References: 96] RN - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones) IS - 0114-5916 IL - 0114-5916 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2000 Feb DC - 20000225 YR - 2000 ED - 20000225 RD - 20141117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10672894 <569. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10658231 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Westerlund T AU - Almarsdottir AB AU - Melander A FA - Westerlund, T FA - Almarsdottir, A B FA - Melander, A IN - Westerlund,T. Apoteket Bjornen, Helsingborg, Sweden, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Department of Social Pharmacy, Copenhagen O, Denmark. TI - Factors influencing the detection rate of drug-related problems in community pharmacy. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 21(6):245-50, 1999 Dec. AS - Pharm World Sci. 21(6):245-50, 1999 Dec. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - NETHERLANDS MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Models, Theoretical MH - *Pharmacies MH - Pharmacists' Aides MH - Regression Analysis AB - This study analyzes relationships between the number of drug-related problems detected in community pharmacy practice and the educational level and other characteristics of pharmacy personnel and their work sites. Random samples of pharmacists, prescriptionists and pharmacy technicians were drawn nationwide in Sweden. One hundred and forty-four (63%) of those meeting the inclusion criteria agreed to take part. The participants documented medication-related problems, interventions and patient variables on a data collection form. The drug-related problems were weighted by the number of patients served by each professional. The regression analysis showed the educational level of the professional to have a statistically significant effect on the detection rate, with pharmacists finding on average 2.5 more drug-related problems per 100 patients than prescriptionists and about 3.6 more than technicians. Previous participation in a study or activity on drug-related problems and the size of the pharmacy also had statistically significant effects on the problem detection rate. The use of open-ended questions to create a dialogue with the patient seemed to be a successful means to discover problems. The results of this study indicate the importance of education and training of pharmacy personnel in detection of drug-related problems. This findings speaks in favor of increasing the pharmacist to other personnel ratio, provided the higher costs will be offset by societal benefits. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1999 Dec DC - 20000217 YR - 1999 ED - 20000217 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10658231 <570. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10609451 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kassam R AU - Farris KB AU - Cox CE AU - Volume CI AU - Cave A AU - Schopflocher DP AU - Tessier G FA - Kassam, R FA - Farris, K B FA - Cox, C E FA - Volume, C I FA - Cave, A FA - Schopflocher, D P FA - Tessier, G IN - Kassam,R. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. rokassam@unixg.ubc.ca TI - Tools used to help community pharmacists implement comprehensive pharmaceutical care. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 39(6):843-56, 1999 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 39(6):843-56, 1999 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Aged MH - Alberta MH - Algorithms MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Female MH - Geriatrics MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Medical Records AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the tools and processes used in the practice enhancement program (PEP) of the Pharmaceutical Care Research and Education Project to enable community pharmacists to acquire the necessary skills, knowledge, and attitudes to deliver comprehensive pharmaceutical care to elderly ambulatory patients. AB - SETTING: Independent community pharmacies in Alberta. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: The PEP was designed to allow self-directed learning in a problem-based environment. The intent was for pharmacists to apply the knowledge they gained to improve drug therapy outcomes. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: As a systematic approach to providing care, several tools were adapted to help pharmacists execute tasks required by the nine steps of the pharmaceutical care process proposed by Helper and Strand. These tools and processes facilitated (1) self-directed learning about diseases and drugs, (2) acquisition of relevant patient data, (3) a consistent and stepwise approach to the identification and resolution of drug-related problems, (4) documentation of care provided, and (5) continuity of care. AB - RESULTS: To help pharmacists in the PEP acquire the necessary competency to provide pharmaceutical care, they were required to use the tools and processes described herein to work up and resolve patient problems. Initially, patient problems were presented as paper cases covering a range of acute and chronic problems, including topics applicable to geriatric patients. This was followed by a practicum phase wherein patient problems represented individuals from among their clientele. AB - CONCLUSION: The tools and processes used in the project increased community pharmacists' competency for providing pharmaceutical care, by helping them develop the needed skills, knowledge, and attitudes. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1999 Nov-Dec DC - 20000127 YR - 1999 ED - 20000127 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10609451 <571. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10533345 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Christensen DB AU - Hansen RW FA - Christensen, D B FA - Hansen, R W IN - Christensen,D B. Division of Pharmaceutical Policy and Evaluative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7360, USA. dale_christensen@unc.edu TI - Characteristics of pharmacies and pharmacists associated with the provision of cognitive services in the community setting. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 39(5):640-9, 1999 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 39(5):640-9, 1999 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Medicaid MH - *Patient Education as Topic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacies/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - United States MH - Washington AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of payment, pharmacy setting characteristics, pharmacist demographics, practice setting, and attitudinal characteristics on whether cognitive services (CS) were performed by pharmacists, and the volume of CS performed. AB - DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. Community pharmacies were randomized to a documentation-and-payment group (study group) and a documentation-only group (control). Participating pharmacies and pharmacists were surveyed by mail, and responses were linked to a documented CS database. AB - SETTING: Community pharmacies serving ambulatory Medicaid patients in the state of Washington, excluding health maintenance organization pharmacies and pharmacies predominantly serving long-term care residents. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 200 community pharmacies and their pharmacists (110 study, 90 control) participating in the Washington State Cognitive Activities and Reimbursement Effectiveness (CARE) Project. AB - INTERVENTION: Payment for CS. All participants documented CS. Study group pharmacies billed Medicaid for services performed in identifying and resolving drug therapy-related problems. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Documentation of CS. AB - RESULTS: Documentation of CS was more likely if the pharmacist was an owner or manager, if documentation was not perceived as burdensome, and if the pharmacy had a low ratio of prescription to total sales. Higher documentation rates were associated with study group status, lower pharmacy prescription volume as a percentage of total sales, and a higher percentage of prescriptions billed to Medicaid. Among pharmacists, two setting variables--medical center location and rural location--were associated with higher documentation rates. AB - CONCLUSION: Performance of CS was strongly affected by payment and other situational factors, including practice setting and volume of prescriptions dispensed. Pharmacies and pharmacists were also more likely to perform CS if the target patient population represented a relatively large percentage of that pharmacy's patient clientele. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1999 Sep-Oct DC - 19991122 YR - 1999 ED - 19991122 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10533345 <572. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10533344 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Christensen DB AU - Holmes G AU - Fassett WE AU - Neil N AU - Andrilla CH AU - Smith DH AU - Andrews A AU - Bell EJ AU - Hansen RW AU - Shafer R AU - Stergachis A FA - Christensen, D B FA - Holmes, G FA - Fassett, W E FA - Neil, N FA - Andrilla, C H FA - Smith, D H FA - Andrews, A FA - Bell, E J FA - Hansen, R W FA - Shafer, R FA - Stergachis, A IN - Christensen,D B. Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. dale_christensen@unc.edu TI - Influence of a financial incentive on cognitive services: CARE project design/implementation. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 39(5):629-39, 1999 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 39(5):629-39, 1999 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Humans MH - *Medicaid/ec [Economics] MH - *Patient Education as Topic/ec [Economics] MH - Pharmacies MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Reimbursement, Incentive/ec [Economics] MH - United States MH - Washington AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the design and methods of the Washington State Cognitive Activities and Reimbursement Effectiveness (CARE) Project, a demonstration project in which community pharmacies were paid for cognitive services (CS) provided to Medicaid patients, its evaluation objectives, and the extent to which implementation objectives were achieved. AB - DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. Community pharmacies were allocated to a documentation-and-payment group, documentation-only group, and "silent" control group. CS were reported using a problem-intervention-result classification system embedded within a pseudo-National Drug Code format. Management strategies included use of area coordinators. AB - SETTING: Pharmacies serving ambulatory Medicaid patients in the state of Washington, excluding staff-model health maintenance organization pharmacies and pharmacies predominantly serving long-term-care residents. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 200 community pharmacies (110 treatment; 90 control), with another 100 randomly selected pharmacies as a silent control group. AB - INTERVENTIONS: A modest monthly stipend. The treatment group billed Medicaid for each documented CS associated with a drug therapy-related problem. All participants received training in documentation methods. A unique coding scheme allowed documentation of CS within the constraints of the Medicaid program. Data edit checks and feedback were used to ensure data quality and completeness. Area coordinators were used to facilitate training, compliance with study procedures, and participation. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rates, documentation rates, coding scheme revision, data quality and completeness rates, and effectiveness of area coordinators. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists documented more than 20,240 CS records. Approximately 89% of records passed edit checks, and 94% did so after modification. Nearly 83% could be linked to a paid drug or CS claim. The coding system was sufficient, with minor modifications, to account for all interventions documented. Area coordinators did not function as expected. AB - CONCLUSION: A system for documentation and payment of pharmacists' CS to Medicaid recipients was implemented successfully and relatively easily in community pharmacies. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1999 Sep-Oct DC - 19991122 YR - 1999 ED - 19991122 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10533344 <573. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10533338 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schreck J FA - Schreck, J IN - Schreck,J. University of Kentucky, USA. TI - The Utah School experience. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 39(5):599-600, 1999 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 39(5):599-600, 1999 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Utah IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1999 Sep-Oct DC - 19991122 YR - 1999 ED - 19991122 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10533338 <574. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10533337 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Pollack M FA - Pollack, M TI - Utah school offers new insights into chemical dependency. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 39(5):598-9, 1999 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 39(5):598-9, 1999 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Utah IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1999 Sep-Oct DC - 19991122 YR - 1999 ED - 19991122 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10533337 <575. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10483608 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Eriksson T AU - Henricson K AU - Arrhenius K AU - Hoglund P AU - Hedner K AU - Stenberg P FA - Eriksson, T FA - Henricson, K FA - Arrhenius, K FA - Hoglund, P FA - Hedner, K FA - Stenberg, P IN - Eriksson,T. Hospital Pharmacy, Malmo University Hospital, Sweden. TI - Perceived problems of pharmacotherapy: a problem detection study among physicians and nurses at a Swedish university hospital. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 21(4):190-3, 1999 Aug. AS - Pharm World Sci. 21(4):190-3, 1999 Aug. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - NETHERLANDS MH - *Drug Monitoring/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - *Medication Systems, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - Patient Compliance/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Sweden AB - As a first step toward obtaining quality assurance regarding use and handling of drugs at Malmo University Hospital, a problem detection study (PDS) was performed, drug related problems being collected from nurses, physicians and pharmacists. Problem questionnaires relevant for physicians (67 items) and nurses (82 items) were prepared and sent to chief physicians and head nurses for distribution to colleagues. The problems identified covered all aspects of drug use and handling such as availability, prescription, dispensing, information and monitoring. Fifty-six per cent (79/141) of the physicians and 68 per cent (88/130) of the nurses responded. The main problems were related to information, chart order sheets and follow up. The item 'Uncertain whether patients take their medicine correctly after discharge' scored highest among physicians. The two main problems for the nurses were that 'newly licensed drugs and drugs used on a named-patient basis are not included in FASS' (the Swedish national formulary). The problem detection technique proved useful for the identification of drug-related problems, and the results will provide a basis for further improvement in quality assurance in pharmacotherapy at the hospital. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1999 Aug DC - 19991029 YR - 1999 ED - 19991029 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10483608 <576. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10421391 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cerulli J AU - Malone M FA - Cerulli, J FA - Malone, M IN - Cerulli,J. Division of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, New York 12208-3492, USA. TI - Assessment of drug-related problems in clinical nutrition patients. SO - Jpen: Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition. 23(4):218-21, 1999 Jul-Aug. AS - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 23(4):218-21, 1999 Jul-Aug. NJ - JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - kga, 7804134 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Dietary Supplements/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Drug Interactions MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Enteral Nutrition MH - Gastrointestinal Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Nutritional Support MH - Parenteral Nutrition MH - Patient Care Team MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital AB - BACKGROUND: Medication use in clinical nutrition patients is affected by concomitant disease states and alterations in medication administration and delivery. The purpose of this evaluation was to document the number and type of drug-related problems that occurred and to evaluate the effect pharmacists had on the care of nutrition patients. AB - METHODS: Patients were evaluated by a pharmacist who was part of the clinical nutrition team. Drug-related problems were identified and recommendations were made to resolve them. Acceptance of the recommendations and patient outcomes were documented. AB - RESULTS: After the evaluation of 440 patients, 220 pharmacist interventions were made. Interventions included 35 drug information requests and 185 recommendations made to solve identified drug-related problems in 126 patients. The most frequent drug-related problems were drug interactions (33/185) and untreated indications (24/185). Of 185 recommendations, 166 were accepted, and 19 were accepted with a modification. A total of 132 of 155 recommendations that were accepted or accepted with modification had a positive outcome: 45 patients responded, and 87 patients developed no complications. Six patients did not respond to the recommendation, and in 17 patients the outcome was unknown. Fifty-eight recommendations avoided potential adverse drug events. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist intervention identified drug-related problems in almost 30% of clinical nutrition patients. The identification and resolution of the problems had a positive effect on patient care, as indicated by patient outcome and the avoidance of adverse drug events. The drug-related problem approach identified areas in which pharmacists can educate the health care team and ensure proper medication use in this patient population. RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Gastrointestinal Agents) IS - 0148-6071 IL - 0148-6071 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1999 Jul-Aug DC - 19990909 YR - 1999 ED - 19990909 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10421391 <577. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10219827 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Pisano C AU - Grandi D AU - Morini G AU - Coppelli G AU - Vesci L AU - Lo Giudice P AU - Pace S AU - Pacifici L AU - Longo A AU - Coruzzi G AU - Carminati P FA - Pisano, C FA - Grandi, D FA - Morini, G FA - Coppelli, G FA - Vesci, L FA - Lo Giudice, P FA - Pace, S FA - Pacifici, L FA - Longo, A FA - Coruzzi, G FA - Carminati, P IN - Pisano,C. Research and Development, Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Roma, Italy. TI - Gastrosparing effect of new antiinflammatory drug amtolmetin guacyl in the rat: involvement of nitric oxide. SO - Digestive Diseases & Sciences. 44(4):713-24, 1999 Apr. AS - Dig Dis Sci. 44(4):713-24, 1999 Apr. NJ - Digestive diseases and sciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ead, 7902782 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - *Gastric Mucosa/de [Drug Effects] MH - Gastric Mucosa/me [Metabolism] MH - Gastric Mucosa/ul [Ultrastructure] MH - *Glycine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Glycine/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Glycine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Male MH - *Nitric Oxide/me [Metabolism] MH - *Nitric Oxide Synthase/me [Metabolism] MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III MH - Pyrroles/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Pyrroles/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Tolmetin/pd [Pharmacology] AB - The effect of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) on the gastric mucosa was studied in the rat by means of histological and functional techniques. AMG administered at 50-300 mg/kg intragastrically was virtually devoid of gastrolesive properties after either acute or repeated treatment. By contrast, its metabolite, tolmetin (TOL, 15-60 mg/kg, intragastrically) caused dose-dependent gastric damage after both treatments. Light and electron microscopy revealed that AMG induced minimal changes in the surface epithelium layer, without signs of vasocongestion or leukocytes adherence. AMG (50 mg/kg intragastrically) did not change basal gastric potential difference (PD), whereas acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen induced falls in PD of 22 and 27 mV, respectively. AMG (50 mg/kg intragastrically) reduced by 60% the fall in PD induced by 50% ethanol; this inhibition was dependent on the incubation time, and was maximal when AMG was given 4 hr before ethanol. AMG (100 mg/kg intragastrically) induced an increase in NO synthase type 2 (NOS2) activity, which was significantly different from control values, when AMG was administered 4 hr before the test. The metabolites of AMG, tolmetin, MED 5, and guaiacol were ineffective. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the residence time of AMG in the different areas of the gastrointestinal tract, revealed that AMG remains in the gastrointestinal tract at least for 4 hr, the time necessary for a maximal induction of NOS2 and for maximal protection against ethanol-induced damage. In conclusion, these data indicate that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug amtolmetin guacyl is devoid of gastrolesive properties; this gastro-sparing effect seems to involve the production of nitric oxide, which can counteract the damaging effects due to prostaglandin inhibition. The presence in the stomach of the native molecule of amtolmetin guacyl seems to be necessary for the protective effect observed. RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal) RN - 0 (Pyrroles) RN - 104076-16-6 (ST 679) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - D8K2JPN18B (Tolmetin) RN - EC 1-14-13-39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) RN - EC 1-14-13-39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I) RN - EC 1-14-13-39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II) RN - EC 1-14-13-39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 1-14-13-39 (Nos1 protein, rat) RN - EC 1-14-13-39 (Nos2 protein, rat) RN - EC 1-14-13-39 (Nos3 protein, rat) RN - TE7660XO1C (Glycine) IS - 0163-2116 IL - 0163-2116 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1999 Apr DC - 19990511 YR - 1999 ED - 19990511 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10219827 <578. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10030508 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Montello MJ AU - Ames T FA - Montello, M J FA - Ames, T IN - Montello,M J. Disaster Medical Assistance Team-1, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, MD, USA. montellom@ctep.nci.nih.gov TI - Therapeutic selection during an emergency response. [Review] [4 refs] SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 56(3):236-40, 1999 Feb 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 56(3):236-40, 1999 Feb 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Decision Making MH - *Disasters MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - *Emergency Treatment/st [Standards] MH - Guidelines as Topic MH - Humans MH - Maryland MH - Patient Care Management/st [Standards] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards] AB - Therapeutic selection in a postdisaster setting is described. Therapeutic selection is the process of assessing a patient's pharmaceutical requirements and selecting the appropriate therapy. Although the primary criteria for drug selection during a disaster response are the same as in usual pharmacy practice, there is a shift in emphasis created by communication and transportation limitations and by changes in the patient's general living environment. The cost of agents is no longer viewed in terms of dollars but in the context of limited inventories. A disaster may exacerbate health problems or make adverse drug effects more common and problematic. Drug administration and patient compliance will be hampered. Pre-established guidelines for appropriate patient care should be reviewed and approved by a group of representative health care providers. General policies for pharmaceutical care should include guidelines for a formulary, prescription refills, dispensing limitations, and prescriber approval. Therapeutic selection should involve obtaining a medical history, selecting a drug regimen, educating and counseling the patient, and documenting the process. Pharmacists should use familiar procedures that they are comfortable with to minimize stress and optimize outcomes. Procedures should be flexible to adjust to circumstances and individual patient needs. Therapeutic selection during a disaster response, although based on the same principles as traditional therapeutic selection, is more complex. Pharmacists will need to tailor their approach to the circumstances and to individual patient needs. [References: 4] IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1999 Feb 1 DC - 19990505 YR - 1999 ED - 19990505 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10030508 <579. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10063220 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ward S FA - Ward, S IN - Ward,S. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40292, USA. TI - Addressing nicotine addiction in women. Role of the midwife. [Review] [103 refs] SO - Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 44(1):3-18, 1999 Jan-Feb. AS - J Nurse Midwifery. 44(1):3-18, 1999 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of nurse-midwifery PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jer, 0365647, 0365647 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - UNITED STATES MH - Coronary Disease/et [Etiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Neoplasms/et [Etiology] MH - Nicotine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Nicotine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Nurse Midwives MH - Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications/et [Etiology] MH - *Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Smoking Cessation MH - United States MH - *Women's Health AB - Smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other premature deaths among women in the United States. Tobacco use accounts for 10% of perinatal mortality and is 100% preventable. Smoking is now more common among adolescent girls than among boys. Women's health care providers are in an excellent position to intervene in this growing epidemic. This article addresses the health consequences of smoking as well as the social, economic, and emotional toll of cigarette smoking on the woman and her family. The reasons women begin and continue smoking in spite of known risks are examined. The role of the midwife in treating nicotine addiction in women throughout the life span is examined. A theoretical model based on the woman's stage of change is presented as a framework for intervention. Behavioral and pharmacologic treatment recommendations are included. Opportunities for professional activities for community education and advocacy for a tobacco-free society are presented. [References: 103] RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0091-2182 IL - 0091-2182 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1999 Jan-Feb DC - 19990326 YR - 1999 ED - 19990326 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10063220 <580. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9923568 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Vlahovic Palcevski V AU - Vitezic D AU - Zupan G AU - Simonic A FA - Vlahovic Palcevski, V FA - Vitezic, D FA - Zupan, G FA - Simonic, A IN - Vlahovic Palcevski,V. Department of Pharmacology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka School of Medicine, Croatia. Vera.Vlahovic@mamed.medri.hr TI - Education in clinical pharmacology at the Rijeka School of Medicine, Croatia. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 54(9-10):685-9, 1998 Nov-Dec. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 54(9-10):685-9, 1998 Nov-Dec. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Croatia MH - Diagnosis MH - Drug Therapy MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/td [Trends] MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - Students, Medical MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: Irrational drug prescribing is a global problem that exists both in developed and developing countries. Education is the key to improved effectiveness and safety in drug therapy. Development of clinical pharmacology (CP) as an independent discipline at the Rijeka School of Medicine has been slow and unsatisfactory. It was taken only as a part of some postgraduate courses. In the 1995/1996 academic year clinical pharmacology was offered for the first time to sixth year medical students as a non-mandatory subject. The purpose of this study was to emphasize the importance of education in clinical pharmacology at the Rijeka School of Medicine. AB - METHODS: This survey was an uncontrolled study based on responses to questionnaires and a test consisting of written patient problems given to sixth year medical students and to general practitioners who were following a course in clinical pharmacology. AB - RESULTS: The results of the questionnaire showed that both undergraduate and postgraduate students consider that they are not being adequately trained to prescribe drugs rationally and that they believe that clinical pharmacology should become a mandatory subject in the undergraduate medical curriculum. The results of the written patient problem test support this. Both groups of students demonstrated greater skills in solving the diagnostic part than the therapeutic part of the test. A great improvement in the students' ability to solve the therapeutic part was observed after they had completed the CP course. AB - CONCLUSION: The results of this survey underline the necessity of education in clinical pharmacology. IS - 0031-6970 IL - 0031-6970 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 Nov-Dec DC - 19990326 YR - 1998 ED - 19990326 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9923568 <581. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9990183 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Farley TA AU - Niccolai LM AU - Billeter M AU - Kissinger PJ AU - Grace M FA - Farley, T A FA - Niccolai, L M FA - Billeter, M FA - Kissinger, P J FA - Grace, M IN - Farley,T A. HIV/STD Section, Louisiana Office of Public Health, New Orleans, USA. TI - Attitudes and practices of pharmacy managers regarding needle sales to injection drug users. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 39(1):23-6, 1999 Jan-Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 39(1):23-6, 1999 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Focus Groups MH - HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Health Services Accessibility MH - Humans MH - Louisiana MH - Male MH - *Needles MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine Louisiana pharmacy managers' attitudes and practices regarding needle and syringe sales to suspected injection drug users (IDUs) without prescriptions, and to assess which factors affect their decisions to sell nonprescription needles and syringes. AB - DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail survey. AB - SETTING: The six most populous cities of Louisiana. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Pharmacy managers with active permits not affiliated with large hospitals or institutions. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Selling nonprescription needles to suspected IDUs, willingness to sell nonprescription needles to suspected IDUs, and reasons for not selling nonprescription needles to suspected IDUs. AB - RESULTS: Approximately one-fourth of the respondents reported that they had sold needles and syringes to suspected IDUs without a prescription. The most frequently cited reason for not selling was fear of increasing drug use; however, many of these pharmacists reported that they would conduct a sale if the customer had a referral from an agency or clinic. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists can assist in the prevention of HIV transmission through nonprescription needle sales to IDUs. This role can be promoted through education of pharmacists and development of referral systems for IDUs. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1999 Jan-Feb DC - 19990324 YR - 1999 ED - 19990324 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9990183 <582. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9924524 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Myers T AU - Cockerill R AU - Worthington C AU - Millson M AU - Rankin J FA - Myers, T FA - Cockerill, R FA - Worthington, C FA - Millson, M FA - Rankin, J IN - Myers,T. HIV Social Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Canada, Ontario. ted.myers@utoronto.ca TI - Community pharmacist perspectives on HIV/AIDS and interventions for injection drug users in Canada. SO - AIDS Care. 10(6):689-700, 1998 Dec. AS - AIDS Care. 10(6):689-700, 1998 Dec. NJ - AIDS care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8915313, a1o SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - ENGLAND MH - Canada MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Delivery of Health Care MH - Female MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - HIV Infections/px [Psychology] MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Needle-Exchange Programs MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] AB - In several countries, community pharmacies play a major role in the provision of HIV prevention services to injection drug users (IDUs). In this study, results from a national Canadian Survey of Community Pharmacies and HIV/AIDS Prevention are used to describe pharmacists' perspectives on HIV/AIDS and services to IDUs, and explore the relationship between personal and organizational characteristics and the level of support for HIV/AIDS prevention initiatives. A mailed questionnaire was directed to a random sample of 2,017 pharmacist owner-managers. The response rate was 84.6%. Results suggest that current services to IDUs primarily are limited to discretionary needle and syringe sales to non-diabetics, with almost three-quarters supportive. Staff safety was an important consideration in the provision of this service (77%), while remuneration was the lowest (27%). Community pharmacists were most comfortable with the provision of counselling, advice and literature (X = 2.6) and environmental and technological interventions (X = 2.4) and least supportive of provision of services as part of a programme (X = 1.6) and legalization of drugs or prescription of methadone (X = 1.9). Female pharmacists were more likely to support preventive measures such as the provision of counselling or advice, and males were more likely to promote legislative change. Pharmacists appear generally willing to expand their services in the fight against HIV/AIDS. However, it is not feasible to expect uniform programmes to be immediately introduced. While organizational, educational and policy changes may facilitate programme development, individual pharmacy and pharmacist discretion remains important. IS - 0954-0121 IL - 0954-0121 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1998 Dec DC - 19990210 YR - 1998 ED - 19990210 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9924524 <583. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9855332 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Scott CS AU - Decker JL AU - Edwards ML AU - Freid EB FA - Scott, C S FA - Decker, J L FA - Edwards, M L FA - Freid, E B IN - Scott,C S. Division of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7360, USA. TI - Withdrawal after narcotic therapy: a survey of neonatal and pediatric clinicians. SO - Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 18(6):1308-12, 1998 Nov-Dec. AS - Pharmacotherapy. 18(6):1308-12, 1998 Nov-Dec. NJ - Pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - par, 8111305 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Child, Preschool MH - Crying MH - Data Collection MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Irritable Mood MH - *Narcotics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Narcotics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Nurses MH - Pediatrics MH - Pharmacists MH - Psychomotor Agitation MH - Seizures MH - Skin Diseases MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/co [Complications] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/px [Psychology] MH - Sweating MH - Tremor AB - Pharmacists at the 1995 American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pediatric Practice and Research Network meeting volunteered to act as coordinators at their sites and survey pediatric and neonatal nurses, pharmacists, and physicians regarding dependency in neonatal and pediatric patients after therapeutic administration of narcotics. Thirteen (60%) of 21 coordinators returned 244 surveys. Primary symptoms of withdrawal reported by clinicians were agitation (100%), irritability (100%), inconsolability (100%), crying (99%), tremors (98%), high heart rate (98%), fidgets (98%), high blood pressure (97%), less sleep (96%), and sweating (94%). Most clinicians considered narcotic withdrawal to be a problem (74%) that should be treated (87%). A dependency scale is being developed and will include symptoms reported by more than 75% of respondents. RN - 0 (Narcotics) IS - 0277-0008 IL - 0277-0008 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1998 Nov-Dec DC - 19990210 YR - 1998 ED - 19990210 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9855332 <584. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9825093 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lal A FA - Lal, A IN - Lal,A. Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, Shahdara, Delhi, India. dbmi@ucms.ernet.in TI - Information contents of drug advertisements: an Indian experience. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 32(11):1234-8, 1998 Nov. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 32(11):1234-8, 1998 Nov. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Advertising as Topic MH - *Drug Information Services MH - Humans MH - India AB - OBJECTIVE: To critically analyze the drug information contained in Indian pharmaceutical advertisements. AB - DESIGN: Analysis of pharmaceutical advertisements supplied by drug representatives (DRs) to prescribers from July 1, 1995, to June 30, 1996. AB - SETTING: A university-affiliated urban teaching hospital in India. AB - PARTICIPANTS: 585 pharmaceutical ad pamphlets. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ads supplied by DRs to physicians in different clinical departments of the hospital were collected. These were distributed to different systems/categories and a special reference to fixed-dose drug combinations was given. The drug information contained in these ads was evaluated by using a checklist, framed by incorporating the World Health Organization ethical guidelines for medicinal drug promotion and some relevant items from other studies. AB - RESULTS: The most frequently occurring ads were for antimicrobial agents. The ads on fixed-dose drug combinations constituted 37.9% of the total. More than 85% of the ads mentioned the generic name, brand name, contents, and pharmaceutical dosage forms, as well as the name and address of the company. The information concerning adverse effects, precautions, contraindications, warnings, major interactions, ingredients known to cause problems, pharmacology, drug overdose, references, drug storage, and cost was present in less than 40% of these ads. AB - CONCLUSIONS: There has been inadequate information in pharmaceutical ads supplied by DRs to the physicians in India. The current scenario could be improved by formulating some definite legislative guidelines for the minimum level of information to be included in pharmaceutical ads and adhering to that legislation. IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 Nov DC - 19990202 YR - 1998 ED - 19990202 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9825093 <585. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9921701 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hirschfeld RM AU - Russell JM AU - Delgado PL AU - Fawcett J AU - Friedman RA AU - Harrison WM AU - Koran LM AU - Miller IW AU - Thase ME AU - Howland RH AU - Connolly MA AU - Miceli RJ FA - Hirschfeld, R M FA - Russell, J M FA - Delgado, P L FA - Fawcett, J FA - Friedman, R A FA - Harrison, W M FA - Koran, L M FA - Miller, I W FA - Thase, M E FA - Howland, R H FA - Connolly, M A FA - Miceli, R J IN - Hirschfeld,R M. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 77555-0429, USA. TI - Predictors of response to acute treatment of chronic and double depression with sertraline or imipramine. SO - Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 59(12):669-75, 1998 Dec. AS - J Clin Psychiatry. 59(12):669-75, 1998 Dec. NJ - The Journal of clinical psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - hic, 7801243 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Ambulatory Care MH - *Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Chronic Disease MH - Comorbidity MH - Depressive Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Depressive Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Depressive Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Educational Status MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Imipramine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Personality MH - Probability MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Quality of Life MH - *Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Sertraline/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Social Adjustment MH - Treatment Outcome AB - BACKGROUND: The literature on predictors of response to treatment of nonchronic major depression has identified shorter duration of illness, acute onset, and less severity of illness as positive predictors. Unfortunately, there are almost no data on predictors of response to treatment for chronic depression. This study examined predictors of response to pharmacotherapy (sertraline or imipramine) in the treatment of outpatients who had DSM-III-R-defined chronic major or double depression. AB - METHOD: The acute phase of the Chronic Major Depression and Double Depression Study is a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group 12-week comparison of sertraline and imipramine. Analyses are based on 623 patients who comprised the intent-to-treat sample, of whom 299 were nonresponders and 324 were responders, defined by a priori criteria as either remission or satisfactory therapeutic response. A stepwise logistic multiple regression analysis was performed on candidate clinical, psychosocial, and demographic variables previously identified as statistically significant in an attempt to develop a predictive model of positive antidepressant response. AB - RESULTS: The sociodemographic variables that were predictive of positive response included living with spouse or partner or being at least a high school graduate. With regard to symptomatology and clinical history, responders had significantly lower baseline depression severity scores. In general, comorbid anxiety, substance abuse, and personality disorders did not influence rates of response. However, the presence of depressive personality traits was associated with a higher nonresponse rate. Among psychosocial variables, longer duration of personal relationships as well as higher baseline quality of life were associated with positive response. A stepwise logistic multiple regression identified 5 variables-living with spouse or partner, higher educational level, passive-aggressive personality, lower introverted-tense personality traits, and higher quality of life--that significantly and independently contributed to the predictive model. This model correctly classified 67% of patients. AB - CONCLUSION: A higher baseline quality of life, living with spouse or partner, and having more education were the strongest predictors of response to acute pharmacotherapy among chronically depressed patients. Clinical variables and comorbidity were not identified as independent predictors, although personality traits did appear to influence treatment response. Overall, the predictive value of these baseline measures was modest, and therefore of limited clinical utility. RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic) RN - 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors) RN - OGG85SX4E4 (Imipramine) RN - QUC7NX6WMB (Sertraline) IS - 0160-6689 IL - 0160-6689 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1998 Dec DC - 19990129 YR - 1998 ED - 19990129 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9921701 <586. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9809109 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Feinberg MV AU - Michocki RJ FA - Feinberg, M V FA - Michocki, R J IN - Feinberg,M V. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA. feinberg@pharmacy.ab.umd.edu TI - Clinical and regulatory concerns in Alzheimer's disease management: role of the pharmacist. [Review] [23 refs] SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 55 Suppl 2:S26-31, 1998 Nov 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 55 Suppl 2:S26-31, 1998 Nov 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Alzheimer Disease/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Antipsychotic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Caregivers MH - Cholinesterase Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacists MH - Sleep Wake Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - The role of the pharmacist in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is discussed. Health-system pharmacists can play a critical role in the management of AD, provided they remain up-to-date on new drug therapies, recent clinical findings, and educational resources for caregivers and families. Pharmacists in a long-term-care setting must know and apply the federal regulations set forth in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987. Pharmacists have an excellent opportunity to optimize pharmacotherapy by carefully reviewing treatment regimens to identify potential drug-related problems. These might include improper drug selection, inappropriate dosage, adverse drug reactions, and interactions. Pharmacists should encourage the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with mild to moderate AD and should monitor such therapy by interacting with nurses, physicians, and caregivers. AD patients not only suffer cognitive decline but may have psychiatric and behavioral disturbances, which can be especially problematic for the caregiver. When possible, these disturbances should be managed by nonpharmacologic strategies, such as environmental changes and behavior modification. The pharmacist can recommend and monitor the use of psychotropic agents for psychiatric and behavioral symptoms that do not respond to nonpharmacologic strategies. These drugs must be carefully selected and monitored, and gradual dosage reductions must be periodically attempted. Finally, pharmacists should provide caregivers and families with education, emotional support, and referrals. Pharmacists who are well-grounded in the regulatory and clinical issues surrounding AD can play a major role in managing this illness. [References: 23] RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) RN - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents) RN - 0 (Cholinesterase Inhibitors) IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 1998 Nov 1 DC - 19990114 YR - 1998 ED - 19990114 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9809109 <587. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9861793 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lynn NJ AU - Ellis JM FA - Lynn, N J FA - Ellis, J M IN - Lynn,N J. Health Law Department of Holleb & Coff, Chicago, Ill. 60603-5896, USA. nLynn@holleb-law.com TI - Pharmacists' liability into the year 2000. [Review] [10 refs] SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 38(6):747-52; quiz 753-4, 1998 Nov-Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 38(6):747-52; quiz 753-4, 1998 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Forecasting MH - Humans MH - *Legislation, Pharmacy MH - *Liability, Legal MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Pharmacists/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To educate the pharmacy community regarding areas of potential liability arising from the pharmacist's role in the changing health care delivery system. AB - DATA SOURCES: Published cases (LEXIS and Westlaw), literature (NEXIS and Westlaw), and abstracts available through July 1998. CASE SELECTION AND DATA ABSTRACTION: Selected on the basis of the authors' objectives and the usefulness of the information for practicing pharmacists. AB - DATA SYNTHESIS: As the pharmacist's role in the health care delivery system continues to change, so too does the pharmacist's exposure to liability. Although historically a pharmacist had no common law "duty to warn," new laws requiring a pharmacist to counsel patients, along with increased scrutiny by the media, have increased the pharmacist's potential for liability. An evaluation of recent case law indicates that state courts are increasingly willing to extend a pharmacist's duty to warn where the pharmacist has special knowledge of the patient or the patient's condition, contraindicated drug usage, where a prescription substantially exceeds the maximum safe dosage, or where a pharmacist fills or refills a prescription without physician authorization. A recent issue that may add to the list of potential liability concerns is the substitution of generically equivalent narrow therapeutic index drug products. AB - CONCLUSION: The pharmacist's role in the ever changing health care delivery system, along with the public's increased scrutiny of pharmacists' dispensing practices, may inevitably extend a pharmacist's duty to warn a patient of potential problems related to prescription drug products. This trend is expected to continue into the new millennium. [References: 10] IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1998 Nov-Dec DC - 19990106 YR - 1998 ED - 19990106 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9861793 <588. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9789878 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Gatch MB AU - Lal H FA - Gatch, M B FA - Lal, H IN - Gatch,M B. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA. TI - Pharmacological treatment of alcoholism. [Review] [192 refs] SO - Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 22(6):917-44, 1998 Aug. AS - Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 22(6):917-44, 1998 Aug. NJ - Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - q45, 8211617 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - *Alcohol Drinking/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Animals MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Humans AB - 1. Pharmacological treatments are effective as part of a treatment plan that includes substantial education, psychological therapy and social support. This paper reviews recent literature on animal models of and treatment for alcohol abuse under seven categories: agents to block craving or reduce alcohol intake, agents to induce aversion to alcohol, agents to treat acute alcohol withdrawal, agents to treat protracted alcohol withdrawal, agents to diminish drinking by treating associated psychiatric pathology, agents to decrease drinking by treating associated drug abuse, and agents to induce sobriety in intoxicated individuals. 2. The benzodiazepines provide safe and effective treatment for detoxification, although current research focuses on finding drugs with a smaller likelihood of dependence. As yet, there are no drugs that effectively reverse the intoxicating effects of alcohol. 3. Currently, only two major groups of drugs that are relatively safe have shown any effect at reducing alcohol consumption: aversives such as disulfiram, and opioid antagonists such as naltrexone. 4. Finally, it is important to customize therapy for each patient rather than putting everyone through a standard treatment plan, especially in regards to the use of antidepressant or antipsychotic medications. Tailoring the program to the patient's needs dramatically improves the outcome of therapy and reduces the risk of adverse effects. [References: 192] IS - 0278-5846 IL - 0278-5846 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1998 Aug DC - 19990105 YR - 1998 ED - 19990105 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9789878 <589. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9740911 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - ASHP statement on the pharmacist's role in substance abuse prevention, education, and assistance. CM - Comment in: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000 Apr 15;57(8):768-9; PMID: 10786266 SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 55(16):1721-4, 1998 Aug 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 55(16):1721-4, 1998 Aug 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Health Education/td [Trends] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Societies, Pharmaceutical MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - United States IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 Aug 15 DC - 19981209 YR - 1998 ED - 19981209 RD - 20011126 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9740911 <590. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9718601 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Andrews J FA - Andrews, J IN - Andrews,J. Department of Veterans Affairs, Augusta, Ga., USA. TI - Optimizing smoking cessation strategies. [Review] [25 refs] SO - Nurse Practitioner. 23(8):47-8, 51-2, 57-8 passim, 1998 Aug. AS - Nurse Pract. 23(8):47-8, 51-2, 57-8 passim, 1998 Aug. NJ - The Nurse practitioner PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - oa1, 7603663 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - UNITED STATES MH - Humans MH - *Patient Education as Topic MH - *Smoking Cessation MH - Teaching Materials MH - United States AB - Smoking cigarettes remains the leading cause of preventable illnesses and premature deaths in the United States. Although approximately half of living Americans who have ever smoked have quit, recent studies show that more than 70% of current smokers would like to stop smoking. Health care providers can enhance smoking cessation in their clients by performing assessments of both the physical and psychologic addictive aspects of smoking as well as past and current cessation barriers. Based on the assessment, the clinician should formulate a treatment plan by individualizing appropriate education, counseling, motivation, and pharmacologic support. This article reviews the prevalence and hazards of smoking and supplies health care providers with interventions to assist clients in becoming and remaining nonsmokers. [References: 25] IS - 0361-1817 IL - 0361-1817 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1998 Aug DC - 19981110 YR - 1998 ED - 19981110 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9718601 <591. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9710355 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Reichel A AU - Rietzsch H AU - Kohler HJ AU - Pfutzner A AU - Gudat U AU - Schulze J FA - Reichel, A FA - Rietzsch, H FA - Kohler, H J FA - Pfutzner, A FA - Gudat, U FA - Schulze, J IN - Reichel,A. Medizinische Klinik III, Universitatsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden. TI - Cessation of insulin infusion at night-time during CSII-therapy: comparison of regular human insulin and insulin lispro. SO - Experimental & Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 106(3):168-72, 1998. AS - Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 106(3):168-72, 1998. NJ - Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ccv, 9505926 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Adult MH - Blood Glucose/de [Drug Effects] MH - Blood Glucose/me [Metabolism] MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/bl [Blood] MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Diabetic Ketoacidosis/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - Female MH - Headache/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Humans MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Hypoglycemic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Insulin/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Insulin/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Insulin/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Insulin/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Insulin Infusion Systems MH - Insulin Lispro MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nausea/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Pilot Projects MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/bl [Blood] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MH - Time Factors AB - Development of hyperglycemia with subsequent ketoacidosis is one of the potential risks of a sudden cessation of insulin delivery during continuous insulin infusion therapy with insulin pumps in patients with IDDM. To evaluate differences in the development of ketoacidosis after a sudden pump stoppage between regular human insulin and insulin lispro, we performed an open label randomized crossover investigation with 7 patients (6 male/1 female, mean age (SD: 40.9 +/- 12.9 years). At 10 p.m., 4 hours after a light dinner with a preprandial injection of the corresponding insulin, the catheter was pulled out of the skin. During the observation period, blood glucose (every hour), pH-values and base excess values (every two hours) were measured until 7 a.m. One patient, in the insulin lispro treatment arm, discontinued because early interruption criteria were met after 7 hours. With insulin lispro, the metabolic changes developed 1.5 to 2 hours earlier than with regular human insulin (after 3 hours: difference in base excess (BE) mean +/- SD: regular human insulin: -0.41 +/- 1.04 mmol/l; insulin lispro: -1.69 +/- 0.83 mmol/l, p < 0.05; blood glucose: regular human insulin: 4.93 +/- 2.87 mmol/l, insulin lispro: 8.97 +/- 3.48, p < 0.05; pH values: regular human insulin: 7.38 +/- 0.02, insulin lispro: 7.36 +/- 0.02, n.s.). In general, metabolic deterioration tended to be more pronounced with insulin lispro than with regular human insulin (deltaBE after 7 h: regular human insulin: -2.39 +/- 1.30 mmol/l; insulin lispro: -3.27 +/- 2.43 mmol/l, n.s.). In conclusion, if patients want to be treated with insulin lispro in an insulin pump, they have to be well-educated about the pharmacokinetic properties of the insulin analogue and about the possibility that ketoacidotic deterioration after an interruption of the insulin delivery may occur earlier in comparison to regular human insulin. It is anyway recommendable to perform a pump stop test when starting CSII-treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus. RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Insulin Lispro) IS - 0947-7349 IL - 0947-7349 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English DP - 1998 DC - 19981023 YR - 1998 ED - 19981023 RD - 20111117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9710355 <592. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9684946 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Biber A AU - Fischer H AU - Romer A AU - Chatterjee SS FA - Biber, A FA - Fischer, H FA - Romer, A FA - Chatterjee, S S IN - Biber,A. Dr. W. Schwabe GmbH & Co., Karlsruhe, Germany. TI - Oral bioavailability of hyperforin from hypericum extracts in rats and human volunteers. SO - Pharmacopsychiatry. 31 Suppl 1:36-43, 1998 Jun. AS - Pharmacopsychiatry. 31 Suppl 1:36-43, 1998 Jun. NJ - Pharmacopsychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - p49, 8402938 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Administration, Oral MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Area Under Curve MH - Bicyclo Compounds MH - Biological Availability MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Female MH - Half-Life MH - Humans MH - Hypericum MH - Male MH - *Perylene/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Perylene/ch [Chemistry] MH - Perylene/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Phloroglucinol/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Plant Extracts/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Plants, Medicinal MH - *Quercetin/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Quercetin/ch [Chemistry] MH - Quercetin/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Terpenes/an [Analysis] MH - Terpenes/bl [Blood] MH - Terpenes/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Xanthenes/ch [Chemistry] MH - *Xanthenes/pk [Pharmacokinetics] AB - Validated analytical methods suitable for determining hyperforin in plasma after administration of alcoholic Hypericum perforatum extracts containing hyperforin are described. After oral administration of 300 mg/kg Hypericum extract (WS 5572, containing 5% hyperforin) to rats maximum plasma levels of approximately 370 ng/ml (approx. 690 nM) were reached after 3 h, as quantified by a HPLC and UV detection method. Estimated half-life and clearance values were 6 h and 70 ml/min/kg respectively. Since therapeutic doses of Hypericum extracts are much lower than that used in rats, a more sensitive LC/MS/MS method was developed. The lower limit of quantification of this method was 1 ng/ml. Using this method, plasma levels of hyperforin could be followed for up to 24 h in healthy volunteers after administration of film coated tablets containing 300 mg hypericum extracts representing 14.8 mg hyperforin. The maximum plasma levels of approximately 150 ng/ml (approx. 280 nM) were reached 3.5 h after administration. Half-life and mean residence time were 9 and 12 h respectively. Hyperforin pharmacokinetics were linear up to 600 mg of the extract. Increasing the doses to 900 or 1200 mg of extract resulted in lower Cmax and AUC values than those expected from linear extrapolation of data from lower doses. Plasma concentration curves in volunteers fitted well in an open two-compartment model. In a repeated dose study, no accumulation of hyperforin in plasma was observed. Using the observed AUC values from the repeated dose study, the estimated steady state plasma concentrations of hyperforin after 3 x 300 mg/day of the extract, i.e., after normal therapeutic dose regimen, was approximately 100 ng/ml (approx. 180 nM). RN - 0 (Bicyclo Compounds) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Terpenes) RN - 0 (Xanthenes) RN - 5QD5427UN7 (Perylene) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) RN - DHD7FFG6YS (Phloroglucinol) RN - RM741E34FP (hyperforin) IS - 0176-3679 IL - 0176-3679 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 Jun DC - 19981016 YR - 1998 ED - 19981016 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9684946 <593. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9680087 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Mesquita AM AU - de Andrade AG AU - Anthony JC FA - Mesquita, A M FA - de Andrade, A G FA - Anthony, J C IN - Mesquita,A M. Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. TI - Use of the inhalant lanca by Brazilian medical students. SO - Substance Use & Misuse. 33(8):1667-80, 1998 Jun. AS - Subst Use Misuse. 33(8):1667-80, 1998 Jun. NJ - Substance use & misuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cgg, 9602153 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Administration, Inhalation MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Anesthetics, Inhalation MH - Brazil/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Chi-Square Distribution MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Female MH - Health Surveys MH - Humans MH - Likelihood Functions MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Marijuana Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Odds Ratio MH - Risk Factors MH - *Street Drugs MH - *Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - In a recent epidemiological survey of more than 700 Brazilian medical students, we found new evidence on a previously reported pattern of the "lanca perfume" inhalant drug use. With multiple logistic regression used to hold constant an array of suspected correlates, we found a moderately strong association between the use of marijuana and the use of lanca (adjusted odds ratio, OR = 5.6; p < .01). We also found that lanca is almost never used by students who have never consumed alcoholic beverages. This pattern of associations can be used to guide the planning of programs to reduce the occurrence of illicit use of pharmaceutical compounds by medical students in Brazil. RN - 0 (Anesthetics, Inhalation) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) IS - 1082-6084 IL - 1082-6084 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 Jun DC - 19981006 YR - 1998 ED - 19981006 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9680087 <594. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9722822 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ball AL AU - Rana S AU - Dehne KL FA - Ball, A L FA - Rana, S FA - Dehne, K L IN - Ball,A L. Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. balla@who.ch TI - HIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in developing and transitional countries. [Review] [63 refs] SO - Public Health Reports. 113 Suppl 1:170-81, 1998 Jun. AS - Public Health Rep. 113 Suppl 1:170-81, 1998 Jun. NJ - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9716844, qja OI - Source: NLM. PMC1307739 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Developing Countries MH - Global Health MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - *Primary Prevention/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] AB - OBJECTIVE: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated with injecting drug use has been reported in at least 98 countries and territories worldwide. There is evidence that new epidemics are emerging in different regions, including Eastern Europe, Latin American, and the eastern Mediterranean. The authors provide a global overview of the situation of HIV infection associated with injecting drug use and responses that have been implemented in various developing and transitional countries. AB - METHODS: Although there has been extensive documentation of the extent and nature of of HIV infection associated with injecting drug use in many developed countries and the various interventions implemented in those countries, there is very limited information on the situation in developing and transitional countries. This chapter brings together information from a broad range of sources, including published literature; "gray" or "fugitive" literature; data collected by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP); personal communications; and direct observation by the authors. The authors have traveled extensively to a wide range of developing and transitional countries and have accessed information not readily available to the international research community. AB - RESULTS: A wide range of HIV prevention strategies targeting injecting drug users (IDUs) has been implemented in developing countries and countries in transition. Interventions include opioid substitution pharmacotherapy, needle syringe exchange and distribution, condom and bleach distribution, outreach to IDUs, peer education programs, and social network interventions. In some communities, completely new models of intervention and service delivery have developed in response to specific local needs and limitations. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Although empirical data may currently be lacking to demonstrate the effectiveness of may HIV prevention programs targeting IDUs in developing and transitional countries, there is evidence that innovative HIV prevention initiatives are being implemented and sustained in a wide range of sociocultural settings. [References: 63] IS - 0033-3549 IL - 0033-3549 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1998 Jun DC - 19980921 YR - 1998 ED - 19980921 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9722822 <595. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9722813 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Singer M AU - Baer HA AU - Scott G AU - Horowitz S AU - Weinstein B FA - Singer, M FA - Baer, H A FA - Scott, G FA - Horowitz, S FA - Weinstein, B IN - Singer,M. Hispanic Health Council, Hartford, CT 06106, USA. anthro8566@aol.com TI - Pharmacy access to syringes among injecting drug users: follow-up findings from Hartford, Connecticut. SO - Public Health Reports. 113 Suppl 1:81-9, 1998 Jun. AS - Public Health Rep. 113 Suppl 1:81-9, 1998 Jun. NJ - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9716844, qja OI - Source: NLM. PMC1307730 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *HIV Infections/tm [Transmission] MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacies/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - *Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To break the link between drug use and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in 1992 the state of Connecticut rescinded a 14-year ban on pharmacy sales of syringes without a physician's prescription. In 1993, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) evaluated the impact of the new legislation on access to syringes among injecting drug users (IDUs) and found an initial pattern of expanded access. However, it also found that some pharmacies, after negative experiences with IDU customers, reverted to requiring a prescription. This chapter reports findings from a four-year follow-up study of current IDU access to over-the-counter (OTC) pharmacy syringes in Hartford, Connecticut. AB - METHODS: Through structured interviews, brief telephone interviews, and mailed surveys, data on nonprescription syringe sale practices were collected on 27 pharmacies, including 18 of the 21 pharmacies in Hartford and none from pharmacies in contiguous towns, during June and July 1997. Interview data on pharmacy syringe purchase from two sample of IDUs, a group of out-of-treatment injectors recruited through street outreach, and a sample of users of the Hartford Needle Exchange Program, also are reported. AB - RESULTS: The study found that, while market trends as well as negative experiences have further limited pharmacy availability of nonprescription syringes, pharmacies remain an important source of sterile syringes for IDUs. However, the distribution of access in not even; in some areas of the city it is much easier to purchase nonprescription syringes than in other. All of the seven pharmacies located on the north end of Hartford reported that they had a policy of selling OTC syringes, whereas only six (54.5%) of the II pharmacies located on the south end have such a policy. Overt racial discrimination was not found to be a barrier to OTC access to syringes. AB - CONCLUSIONS: To further decrease acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk among IDUs, there is a need for public education to counter empirically unsupported stereotypes about IDUs that diminish their access to health care and AIDS prevention resources and services. In states or cities where pharmacy sale of nonprescription syringes is illegal, policy makers should examine the benefits of removing existing barriers to sterile syringe acquisition. In cases in which pharmacy sale of nonprescription syringes is legal, local health departments should implement educational programs to inform pharmacy staff and management about the critically important role low-cost (or cost-free), sterile syringe access can play in HIV prevention. IS - 0033-3549 IL - 0033-3549 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - R0I DA09224 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1998 Jun DC - 19980921 YR - 1998 ED - 19980921 RD - 20140617 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9722813 <596. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10181993 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Foster SL AU - Smith EB FA - Foster, S L FA - Smith, E B IN - Foster,S L. University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. TI - Patient consultation in a managed care setting: guiding pharmacy into the future. SO - American Journal of Managed Care. 4(7):1039-46; quiz 1047-8, 1998 Jul. AS - Am J Manag Care. 4(7):1039-46; quiz 1047-8, 1998 Jul. NJ - The American journal of managed care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9613960 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Cost Control MH - Counseling/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Drug Therapy/px [Psychology] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Health Care Costs MH - Humans MH - *Managed Care Programs MH - Patient Compliance MH - Patient Education as Topic/ec [Economics] MH - *Patient Education as Topic/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacists MH - United States AB - Managed care organizations are excellent environments for pharmaceutical care programs to demonstrate their impact on patient care outcomes and to decrease costs. Patient consultation is the cornerstone in implementing pharmaceutical care because it increases patient contact with the pharmacists while improving patient compliance with drug therapy (adherence). Implementation of a patient consultation program that verifies patients' understanding of their disease and therapy gives the pharmacist information necessary to monitor drug therapy. Use of strategic planning to overcome barriers, followed by the development of local standards of practice, will refocus the practice philosophy to one of improving patient outcomes. Pharmacy managers must demonstrate and document the value that patient consultation brings to the patient and the healthcare system. Then, they must integrate their counseling effort with other health education efforts of the managed care system. Pharmacists will gain the support of other disciplines by reinforcing their efforts. Together they can work to decrease the problems that are inherent with drug therapy. These goals can be accomplished with minimal expense and have the potential to produce significant savings in healthcare costs. IS - 1088-0224 IL - 1088-0224 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 Jul DC - 19980914 YR - 1998 ED - 19980914 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10181993 <597. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9670636 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sloan PA AU - Montgomery C AU - Musick D FA - Sloan, P A FA - Montgomery, C FA - Musick, D IN - Sloan,P A. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA. TI - Medical student knowledge of morphine for the management of cancer pain. SO - Journal of Pain & Symptom Management. 15(6):359-64, 1998 Jun. AS - J Pain Symptom Manage. 15(6):359-64, 1998 Jun. NJ - Journal of pain and symptom management PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8605836, ijj SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Data Collection MH - Humans MH - *Morphine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Neoplasms/co [Complications] MH - *Pain, Intractable/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pain, Intractable/et [Etiology] MH - Students, Medical AB - Inadequate training of physicians contributes to the undertreatment of cancer pain. To address these concerns, the University of Kentucky has introduced a 4-week course for final-year medical students that teaches the principles of clinical pharmacology and pain management. The purposes of this study are to assess the knowledge deficits of final-year medical students about the use of morphine for cancer pain and to assess the efficacy of a short course on cancer pain management. Eighty-six final-year medical students completed a 22-item questionnaire assessing their knowledge and attitudes toward the use of morphine for cancer pain. Students indicated their agreement with each statement on a four-point scale (one, strongly disagree; four, strongly agree). All students then completed a compulsory short course on pain management. The course content included a 1-hr lecture on chronic nonmalignant pain, a 1-hr lecture on acute pain management, and a 1-hr lecture on cancer pain management. In addition, students completed small-group, problem-based learning modules on several aspects of pain management. After the course, all students completed the same 22-item survey. The alpha reliability score of the pretest instrument was 0.55, and the posttest reliability was 0.86. Upon course completion, students agreed most strongly (mean +/- SEM) that morphine should be given on a regular schedule for cancer pain (3.41 +/- 0.08), that cancer pain management frequently requires co-analgesics (3.36 +/- 0.06), and that patients with good pain relief function better than those with continuing pain (3.39 +/- 0.08). A comparison of pretest and posttest means on specific items suggested that the greatest amount of learning took place in the following content areas: morphine is a good oral analgesic; increases in cancer pain should be treated by increasing the morphine dose; respiratory depression is not a concern for cancer pain patients; and morphine can be used over a wide range of doses. The regular use of morphine was recognized as the treatment drug of choice for cancer pain. The students showed improved knowledge scores on ten of the 22 items on the posttest survey. A significant increase in learning occurred on six knowledge and attitude items. On only one item (nausea as a side effect of morphine) did the knowledge scores decrease on the posttest. A significant minority (40%) of senior medical students had deficits in knowledge about the use of morphine for cancer pain. The risk of addiction, respiratory depression, and tolerance were misunderstood by a significant minority (25%) of students. RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) IS - 0885-3924 IL - 0885-3924 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 Jun DC - 19980817 YR - 1998 ED - 19980817 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9670636 <598. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9663643 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Weinstein B AU - Toce P AU - Katz D AU - Ryan LL FA - Weinstein, B FA - Toce, P FA - Katz, D FA - Ryan, L L TI - Peer education of pharmacists and supplying pharmacies with IDU packets to increase injection drug users' access to sterile syringes in Connecticut. SO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology. 18 Suppl 1:S146-7, 1998. AS - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 18 Suppl 1:S146-7, 1998. NJ - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9501482 SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/tm [Transmission] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Connecticut MH - Costs and Cost Analysis MH - *Education, Continuing MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - Needle-Exchange Programs MH - Pharmacists MH - Sterilization MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Syringes/ec [Economics] MH - Syringes/sd [Supply & Distribution] MH - *Syringes MH - Urban Population IS - 1077-9450 IL - 1077-9450 PT - Letter LG - English DP - 1998 DC - 19980728 YR - 1998 ED - 19980728 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9663643 <599. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9663633 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Macalino GE AU - Springer KW AU - Rahman ZS AU - Vlahov D AU - Jones TS FA - Macalino, G E FA - Springer, K W FA - Rahman, Z S FA - Vlahov, D FA - Jones, T S IN - Macalino,G E. Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. gmacalin@jhsph.edu TI - Community-based programs for safe disposal of used needles and syringes. [Review] [36 refs] SO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology. 18 Suppl 1:S111-9, 1998. AS - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 18 Suppl 1:S111-9, 1998. NJ - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9501482 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Australia MH - Blood-Borne Pathogens MH - Canada MH - *Communicable Disease Control MH - Communicable Diseases/tm [Transmission] MH - *Consumer Participation MH - Diabetes Mellitus/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Humans MH - Insulin/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Medical Waste Disposal MH - *Needles MH - Needlestick Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes MH - United States AB - OBJECTIVES: To review issues related to discarded syringes in the community and to describe community-based programs for the safe disposal of used needles and syringes. AB - METHODS: We used the medical literature and chain referral to identify community-based syringe disposal programs other than syringe exchange programs (SEPs). We held a workshop in June 1996 involving staff from disposal programs; manufacturers of syringes, sharps containers, and other disposal devices; solid waste companies; public health staff; and researchers. AB - RESULTS: Fifteen programs for the safe disposal of syringes were identified in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Of these, 12 primarily served persons with diabetes who use insulin, and 3 primarily served injection drug users (IDUs). The programs used three major strategies: puncture-resistant containers discarded in trash, community drop boxes, and sharps containers turned in for biohazard disposal at community sites, hospitals, or pharmacies. Participants in the workshop described key points in developing syringe disposal programs. Programs should involve pharmacists, physicians, waste disposal companies, public health departments, hospitals, diabetes educators, persons with diabetes who use insulin, and IDUs. For IDUs, criminal penalties for possession of syringes are a substantial deterrent to participation in community efforts to safely dispose of used syringes. The multiple and sometimes conflicting local, state, and federal laws and regulations concerning medical waste hinder development of multistate or national approaches to the safe disposal of syringes. More information is needed on community-based syringe disposal programs. AB - CONCLUSION: Communities in the United States, Canada, and Australia have developed different approaches to achieve safe disposal of used syringes. [References: 36] RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Medical Waste Disposal) IS - 1077-9450 IL - 1077-9450 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review LG - English DP - 1998 DC - 19980728 YR - 1998 ED - 19980728 RD - 20111117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9663633 <600. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9663631 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Case P AU - Beckett GA AU - Jones TS FA - Case, P FA - Beckett, G A FA - Jones, T S IN - Case,P. Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. pcase@hsph.harvard.edu TI - Access to sterile syringes in Maine: pharmacy practice after the 1993 repeal of the syringe prescription law. SO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology. 18 Suppl 1:S94-101, 1998. AS - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 18 Suppl 1:S94-101, 1998. NJ - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9501482 SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Female MH - HIV Infections/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - HIV Infections/tm [Transmission] MH - Humans MH - *Legislation, Pharmacy MH - Maine MH - Male MH - *Pharmacists MH - Prescriptions MH - *Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - *Syringes AB - In October 1993, the Maine legislature repealed the prescription law regulating the sale of syringes. The new law allowed but did not require licensed pharmacists to dispense syringes without a prescription to anyone 18 years of age or older. From November 1995 to January 1996, we conducted a telephone survey of 208 Maine pharmacists to evaluate the sale of syringes with and without a prescription and to assess pharmacists' willingness to sell syringes without a prescription. We found that 94% of pharmacists were willing, in all cases or at the discretion of the pharmacist, to sell syringes without a prescription. However, when asked specifically about willingness to sell syringes without a prescription to suspected injection drug users (IDUs) > or =18 years of age, 47% were willing, 40% were not willing, and 13% did not know or declined to answer. Pharmacists reported other requirements for the purchase of syringes without a prescription, such as the requirement for the customer to provide a reasonable justification for the purchase. In all, there were 31 (15%) pharmacists in the sample willing to sell syringes to without a prescription with no additional requirements for purchase to suspected IDUs as permitted by law. There were few negative incidents reported involving IDUs and the sale of syringes without a prescription since amendment of the law. Although sales of syringes without a prescription were reported, the numbers sold fell short of the estimated number of syringes required for IDUs in Maine to use a new syringe for every injection. Despite the change in the prescription law intended to increase access to syringes, the data suggest barriers such as drug paraphernalia laws and pharmacy policies may prevent IDUs from purchasing syringes and contribute to ongoing transmission of HIV. Amendment of the drug paraphernalia and syringe possession laws, clarification of the legitimate medical purpose of access to sterile syringes for IDUs, and offering pharmacists continuing education on the prevention of blood-borne disease appear to be necessary steps in the effort to decrease the transmission of HIV among IDUs in Maine. IS - 1077-9450 IL - 1077-9450 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1998 DC - 19980728 YR - 1998 ED - 19980728 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9663631 <601. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9522002 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Galanter M AU - Keller DS AU - Dermatis H AU - Biderman D FA - Galanter, M FA - Keller, D S FA - Dermatis, H FA - Biderman, D IN - Galanter,M. Department of Psychiatry, NYU Medical Center, New York 10016, USA. TI - Use of the Internet for addiction education. Combining network therapy with pharmacotherapy. SO - American Journal on Addictions. 7(1):7-13, 1998. AS - Am J Addict. 7(1):7-13, 1998. NJ - The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9208821 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - *Computer Communication Networks/ut [Utilization] MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - Mental Health MH - *Naltrexone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Psychotherapy MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - The authors prepared a course in addiction psychiatry for the Internet that combines a psychosocial and a medication modality for alcoholism; namely, network therapy and naltrexone. Responses of those who accessed the course revealed 679 counts (visits) at the Web Site. A group of 210 unique respondents, of whom 154 were psychiatrists, answered a demographic question set. Over half of these psychiatrists completed the course and evaluated it. The majority indicated that it helped them understand "a good deal" about the management of alcoholism and the use of network therapy and naltrexone. This result suggests the feasibility of using the Internet as a vehicle for teaching in addiction psychiatry, an area where needs for training are often unmet. RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) IS - 1055-0496 IL - 1055-0496 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - R0IDA0518 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1998 DC - 19980625 YR - 1998 ED - 19980625 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9522002 <602. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9584968 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kalivas PW AU - Pierce RC AU - Cornish J AU - Sorg BA FA - Kalivas, P W FA - Pierce, R C FA - Cornish, J FA - Sorg, B A IN - Kalivas,P W. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6520, USA. pwk@vetmed.wsu.edu TI - A role for sensitization in craving and relapse in cocaine addiction. SO - Journal of Psychopharmacology. 12(1):49-53, 1998. AS - J Psychopharmacol. 12(1):49-53, 1998. NJ - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cph, 8907828 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Brain/de [Drug Effects] MH - Brain/ph [Physiology] MH - *Cocaine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Humans MH - Recurrence MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Synaptic Transmission/de [Drug Effects] AB - Sensitization to cocaine refers to the behavioral model of cocaine addiction where the motor stimulant effect of cocaine is augmented for months after discontinuing a regimen of repeated cocaine injections. There has been speculation that the neuroadaptations mediating this sensitization phenomenon may, in part, underlie the behavioral changes produced by chronic cocaine abuse, including paranoia, craving and relapse. Criteria are proposed that may assist in determining which neuroadaptations are most relevant in this regard. Using these criteria, a model is presented that endeavors to incorporate neuroadaptations issuing directly from the pharmacological effects of cocaine and those arising from learned associations the organism makes with the cocaine injection procedure and pharmacological actions. It is proposed that the pharmacological neuroadaptations predominate in the manifestation of cocaine-induced paranoia, while the changes derived from learning may provide more critical underpinnings for cocaine craving and relapse. RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0269-8811 IL - 0269-8811 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1998 DC - 19980623 YR - 1998 ED - 19980623 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9584968 <603. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9581006 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sheridan J AU - Strang J AU - Taylor C AU - Barber N FA - Sheridan, J FA - Strang, J FA - Taylor, C FA - Barber, N IN - Sheridan,J. National Addiction Centre, London, UK. TI - HIV prevention and drug treatment services for drug misusers: a national study of community pharmacists' attitudes and their involvement in service specific training. SO - Addiction. 92(12):1737-48, 1997 Dec. AS - Addiction. 92(12):1737-48, 1997 Dec. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - ENGLAND MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Delivery of Health Care MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - England MH - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacies MH - *Professional Practice MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - Wales AB - AIMS: To investigate the attitudes of community pharmacists towards HIV prevention services for drug misusers and the relationship between these and their involvement in service provision. AB - DESIGN: Postal survey of a one in four random sample of community pharmacies (N = 2654) in England and Wales, stratified by Family Health Service Authority, in 1995, using up to four mailshots. AB - SETTING: Community pharmacies in England and Wales. AB - PARTICIPANTS: The community pharmacist in charge of the dispensary at the random sample of community pharmacies. AB - MEASUREMENTS: Information on attitudes and behaviour were collected through self-completion and postal return of structured questionnaires using questions with both category responses and Likert scales. AB - FINDINGS: A 74.8% response rate was achieved. Community pharmacists were positive about their role in HIV prevention and the provision of clean injecting equipment to injecting drug users--positive attitudes that were more evident among those pharmacists already providing these services. However, they had concerns over the effect drug misusers may have on business and indicated a need for more training and for more role support. Only a minority had taken part in training on drug misuse and HIV prevention (34.7% and 21.3%, respectively). Many community pharmacists supported the proposal that there should be extensions of their involvement, to include services such as supervising the consumption of methadone in the pharmacy (38.6%) and collecting used prescribed ampoules from patients (33.8%). Positive relationships were identified between training and attitude, and between attitude and service provision. Changes in attitude responses between this 1995 survey and the earlier 1988 survey are also presented. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations are made for further training and greater communication between prescriber/carer and the community pharmacists, for involvement of community pharmacies in new possible forms of service provision, and for there to be greater attention to the value of role support. IS - 0965-2140 IL - 0965-2140 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1997 Dec DC - 19980527 YR - 1997 ED - 19980527 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9581006 <604. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9479411 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Colombo J FA - Colombo, J IN - Colombo,J. Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy 60612-7230, USA. colombo@uic.edu TI - Establishing pharmaceutical care services in an HIV clinic. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. NS37(5):581-92; quiz 593-4, 1997 Sep-Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). NS37(5):581-92; quiz 593-4, 1997 Sep-Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Continuity of Patient Care MH - Female MH - HIV Infections/di [Diagnosis] MH - *HIV Infections/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Health Services Needs and Demand MH - Hospitals, University MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Patient Care Team MH - Patient Compliance MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic AB - OBJECTIVE: To present a brief overview of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to describe the implementation of pharmaceutical care services for adult patients with HIV infection. AB - SETTING: University hospital clinic. AB - PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: A pharmacist joined a multidisciplinary team serving HIV-infected patients in January 1994. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: Current pharmacy services include taking medication histories, educating patients, counseling patients on compliance, monitoring response to therapy, identifying drug-related problems, documenting all interventions, and making therapeutic decisions and formulary choices. The pharmacist also participates in research. AB - INTERVENTIONS: The pharmacist sees patients immediately after their physician appointments. Patients with one or more of the following characteristics are targeted to receive pharmaceutical care: multiple drugs, history of noncompliance, initiation of new drug therapy, recently discharged from hospital or emergency department, identification of potential adverse effects, identification of potential drug-drug interactions, and presence of drug toxicities. AB - CONCLUSION: Pharmacists are uniquely qualified to provide a wide range of pharmaceutical care services to HIV-positive patients. Pharmacy interventions should lead to improved outcomes and decreased costs for a chronic and very expensive disease. RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 Sep-Oct DC - 19980325 YR - 1997 ED - 19980325 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9479411 <605. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9475816 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schmidt IK AU - Claesson CB AU - Westerholm B AU - Nilsson LG FA - Schmidt, I K FA - Claesson, C B FA - Westerholm, B FA - Nilsson, L G IN - Schmidt,I K. National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm. TI - Physician and staff assessments of drug interventions and outcomes in Swedish nursing homes. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 32(1):27-32, 1998 Jan. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 32(1):27-32, 1998 Jan. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Utilization MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Nurses MH - Nurses' Aides MH - *Nursing Homes MH - Nursing, Practical MH - Patient Care Team MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Physicians MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Sweden AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the type and frequency of drug-related problems discussed in regular team meetings conducted in 15 Swedish nursing homes and report physician and staff assessments of these interventions and residents' outcomes. AB - DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: The data were collected within the context of a controlled trial with the primary aim of exploring the effects of regular team interventions on drug prescribing practices in Swedish nursing homes. In 15 experimental nursing homes, the residents' drug therapy was discussed regularly by a team consisting of a pharmacist, a physician, nurses, undernurses (similar to licensed practical nurses), and nurse's aides. The pharmacist documented problems, made changes, and observed outcomes. Following the intervention period, a questionnaire was sent to the medical staff that contained items regarding perceived outcomes, the intervention's impact on knowledge of drug therapy in the elderly, and attitudes toward the pharmacist's role. AB - RESULTS: Unclear indication and problematic choice of drugs were the most common drug-related problems discussed. In 19% of the situations, therapy changes were reported to have had a beneficial effect on the residents' clinical status; in 47% of the situations, staff reported no observable outcome from changes, suggesting that the changes had been appropriate. Finally, medical staff claimed in the follow-up survey that their knowledge about drug therapy had increased; they expressed an overall positive attitude toward this interactive collaboration. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Regular intervention conducted by a multidisciplinary team incorporating a pharmacist can effectively improve prescribing practices, increase staff knowledge about appropriate drug therapy in the elderly, and result in improved quality of care for nursing home residents. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Case Reports PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1998 Jan DC - 19980311 YR - 1998 ED - 19980311 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9475816 <606. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9391680 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fawcett JP AU - Morgan NC AU - Woods DJ FA - Fawcett, J P FA - Morgan, N C FA - Woods, D J IN - Fawcett,J P. School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. TI - Formulation and stability of naltrexone oral liquid for rapid withdrawal from methadone. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 31(11):1291-5, 1997 Nov. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 31(11):1291-5, 1997 Nov. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Administration, Oral MH - Adult MH - Drug Compounding MH - Drug Stability MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methadone MH - *Naltrexone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Naltrexone/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Naltrexone/ch [Chemistry] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/ch [Chemistry] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/et [Etiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the stability of naltrexone oral liquid prepared from tablets and powder, and to evaluate its use in precipitating rapid withdrawal from methadone. AB - DESIGN: Naltrexone 1 mg/mL oral liquids were prepared from tablets and powder and stored in the dark at 4, 25, and 70 degrees C. Similar formulations containing 5 mg/mL were stored at 70 degrees C. The 1-mg/mL formulation prepared from tablets was clinically evaluated in inducing rapid withdrawal in two drug-dependent individuals receiving methadone maintenance treatment using a naltrexone dose titration protocol. AB - SETTING: A university pharmacy school and affiliated urban teaching hospital. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Samples removed at six time points were analyzed for naltrexone concentration to assess decomposition over 90 days. An opioid withdrawal symptom checklist was used to assess the severity of the withdrawal symptoms prior to, and 30 minutes after, each dose of naltrexone. AB - RESULTS: Decomposition of naltrexone in all formulations stored at 4 and 25 degrees C was not significant over 90 days. Both patients tolerated naltrexone 1 mg/mL oral liquid, but found it bitter and gritty. Withdrawal symptoms were experienced immediately after the first dose, but were resolving by the end of day 3 of naltrexone treatment, at which stage both patients were able to tolerate a 50-mg tablet of naltrexone as maintenance. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Naltrexone 1 mg/mL oral liquids prepared from tablets or powder are stable when stored in the dark for 60 days at 4 degrees C and for 30 days at 25 degrees C. The formulation prepared from tablets provides flexible dosing in patients undergoing rapid withdrawal from methadone. RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1997 Nov DC - 19980122 YR - 1997 ED - 19980122 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9391680 <607. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10173309 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Johnson LC AU - Beach E FA - Johnson, L C FA - Beach, E IN - Johnson,L C. West County Internal Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA. TI - The importance of the pharmacist's expanding role on the diabetes team: reinforcing nutritional guidelines for improved glycemic control. [Review] [16 refs] SO - Pharmacy Practice Management Quarterly. 17(3):32-44, 1997 Oct. AS - Pharm Pract Manag Q. 17(3):32-44, 1997 Oct. NJ - Pharmacy practice management quarterly PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cec, 9508902 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Blood Glucose MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/bl [Blood] MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/dh [Diet Therapy] MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/bl [Blood] MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/dh [Diet Therapy] MH - *Diet, Diabetic/st [Standards] MH - *Disease Management MH - *Patient Care Team MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Practice Guidelines as Topic MH - *Treatment Outcome MH - United States AB - The role of the pharmacist on the diabetes care team is expanding due to the increasing number of patients diagnosed with diabetes, limited health care dollars, and the education related to and required for patients by managed care organizations and insurance companies. In the past, training of patients in diabetes self-management skills has been inadequate, and this continues to be the case. Clinical pharmacists, in cooperation with physicians, have increased opportunities to provide education about medications and may include instructions for patients regarding the interaction of food consumed with changes in blood glucose levels. Because of monthly refills on prescribed medications, a patient's interaction with the pharmacist in the setting of a commercial pharmacy is more frequent than with any other member of the diabetes team. This contact offers an ideal educational opportunity. The action and efficacy of medications that affect the pancreas, hepatic glucose production, the utilization of glucose by muscle cells, and the absorption of glucose from the intestines are influenced directly by the meal plan. Nutritional guidelines, meal planning for the Type I and Type II patient, use of the exchange system, carbohydrate counting, artificial sweeteners, alcoholic beverages, and suggestions for guiding patients to establish eating habits that lead to improved diabetes control are important issues for every member of the diabetes team to address. The reinforcement of dietary principles may occur in the educational setting of the hospital or the clinic or within the commercial pharmacy setting. When the team presents accurate and current information, continuity of care and improved patient understanding are achieved. [References: 16] RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) IS - 1080-5737 IL - 1080-5737 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1997 Oct DC - 19971121 YR - 1997 ED - 19971121 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10173309 <608. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9382665 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bootman JL AU - Harrison DL AU - Cox E FA - Bootman, J L FA - Harrison, D L FA - Cox, E IN - Bootman,J L. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA. TI - The health care cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality in nursing facilities. SO - Archives of Internal Medicine. 157(18):2089-96, 1997 Oct 13. AS - Arch Intern Med. 157(18):2089-96, 1997 Oct 13. NJ - Archives of internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372440, 7fs SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Cost of Illness MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Humans MH - *Iatrogenic Disease/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Models, Statistical MH - *Nursing Homes/ec [Economics] MH - Pharmacists MH - Referral and Consultation/ec [Economics] MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: Preventable drug-related morbidity and mortality within nursing facilities represent a serious problem urgently requiring expert medical attention. The health care costs of drug-related problems can be both immense and avoidable. However, the research to date has been narrow in scope, focusing on the drug costs avoided and failing to consider the wider range of possible negative outcomes and potential drug-related problems. AB - OBJECTIVES: To develop a model of therapeutic outcomes resulting from drug therapy within nursing facilities, to estimate the magnitude of the cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality within nursing facilities in the United States, and to assess the impact of pharmacist-conducted, federally mandated, monthly, retrospective review of nursing facility residents' drug regimens in reducing the cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality. AB - METHODS: Using decision analysis techniques, a probability pathway model was developed to estimate the cost of drug-related problems within nursing facilities. An expert panel consisting of consultant pharmacists and physicians with practice experience in nursing facilities and geriatric care was surveyed to determine conditional probabilities of therapeutic outcomes attributable to drug therapy. Health care utilization and associated costs derived from negative therapeutic outcomes were estimated. AB - RESULTS: Baseline estimates indicate that the cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality with the services of consultant pharmacists was $4 billion compared with $7.6 billion without the services of consultant pharmacists. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Drug-related morbidity and mortality in nursing facilities represent a serious economic problem. For every dollar spent on drugs in nursing facilities, $1.33 in health care resources are consumed in the treatment of drug-related problems. With the current federally mandated drug regimen review, it is estimated that consultant pharmacists help to reduce health care resources attributed to drug-related problems in nursing facilities by $3.6 million. IS - 0003-9926 IL - 0003-9926 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1997 Oct 13 DC - 19971110 YR - 1997 ED - 19971110 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9382665 <609. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9303256 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lebovits AH AU - Florence I AU - Bathina R AU - Hunko V AU - Fox MT AU - Bramble CY FA - Lebovits, A H FA - Florence, I FA - Bathina, R FA - Hunko, V FA - Fox, M T FA - Bramble, C Y IN - Lebovits,A H. Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA. TI - Pain knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers: practice characteristic differences. SO - Clinical Journal of Pain. 13(3):237-43, 1997 Sep. AS - Clin J Pain. 13(3):237-43, 1997 Sep. NJ - The Clinical journal of pain PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - beg, 8507389 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Hospitals MH - Humans MH - Nurses MH - *Pain/px [Psychology] MH - *Pain Management MH - Pharmacists MH - Physicians MH - Professional Practice MH - Students, Medical MH - Students, Nursing MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of different healthcare professionals regarding pain issues such as addiction, the assessment of pain, scheduling, use of analgesics, and pediatric pain. Additionally, to determine whether differences exist based on hospital setting, years of service, clinical practice area, and country of origin. AB - DESIGN: A total of 686 nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and medical/nursing students from three hospitals completed a 17-item survey evaluating knowledge and beliefs about pain. AB - SETTING: The three hospital settings were a large city hospital, a private community hospital, and a state medical school-based hospital. AB - RESULTS: The overall percentage "correct" score was only 56%. Physicians scored significantly higher, and pharmacists scored significantly lower than other groups. Nurses scored significantly less concordantly than physicians on 11 of the 17 items. Those identifying anesthesiology as their clinical practice area scored significantly higher than all other areas, whereas those practicing within medicine demonstrated significantly more "correct" scores than those in surgery. City hospital respondents scored significantly lower than professionals practicing in the other two hospitals; non-U.S. country of origin professionals scored significantly lower than U.S. country of origin healthcare professionals. There were no significant differences based on postgraduate years of practice. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Significant knowledge deficits regarding currently accepted principles of pain management practice as well as beliefs that could interfere with optimal care, mandate a need for educational interventions. Significant differences by profession, clinical practice area, and hospital setting reflect populations to be targeted for interventions. Unwarranted fear of addiction is a misunderstood and important concept that needs to be addressed. IS - 0749-8047 IL - 0749-8047 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 Sep DC - 19971106 YR - 1997 ED - 19971106 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9303256 <610. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9218280 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kreek MJ FA - Kreek, M J IN - Kreek,M J. Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. TI - Opiate and cocaine addictions: challenge for pharmacotherapies. [Review] [152 refs] SO - Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior. 57(3):551-69, 1997 Jul. AS - Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 57(3):551-69, 1997 Jul. NJ - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - p3q, 0367050 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Animals MH - *Cocaine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Drug Therapy MH - Heroin/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Humans MH - Methadone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Narcotics/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders AB - Neurobiological and behavioral studies, as well as basic and applied clinical research studies, may all contribute to the development of a pharmacotherapy for a specific addictive disease. This paper reviews recent findings from research work, primarily from one laboratory along with collaborative laboratories, that could have some relevance for the development of pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependency. The much earlier experiences of this laboratory in the development of a pharmacotherapy for opiate addiction will be addressed in the context of providing both some specific suggestions for addictive disease pharmacotherapy development and some warnings about the complexities of the introduction and implementation of a pharmacotherapy once developed. Finally, based on both the earlier perspectives and the more recent research findings, some very specific, though speculative, suggestions will be made about the development of novel pharmacotherapies for early opiate addiction, especially for cocaine abuse or addiction and prevention of relapse to cocaine use. The complex and diverse nature of the challenge for pharmacotherapy for the addictive diseases is presented, including specifically a mandate for broadening educational efforts concerning the basis of addictive diseases and the need for treatment, in parallel with the scientific efforts to develop increasingly sophisticated and targeted pharmacotherapies. [References: 152] RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 70D95007SX (Heroin) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0091-3057 IL - 0091-3057 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - KO5-DA00049 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - M01-RR00102 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) NO - P50-DAO5130 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1997 Jul DC - 19971023 YR - 1997 ED - 19971023 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9218280 <611. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9300191 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hechtman L AU - Greenfield B FA - Hechtman, L FA - Greenfield, B IN - Hechtman,L. Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada. TI - Juvenile onset bipolar disorder. [Review] [84 refs] SO - Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 9(4):346-53, 1997 Aug. AS - Curr Opin Pediatr. 9(4):346-53, 1997 Aug. NJ - Current opinion in pediatrics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - but, 9000850 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adolescent Psychiatry MH - Bipolar Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - Bipolar Disorder/et [Etiology] MH - Bipolar Disorder/th [Therapy] MH - *Bipolar Disorder MH - Child MH - Child Psychiatry MH - Comorbidity MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Humans MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors AB - This article reviews juvenile onset bipolar disorder with regard to history, diagnosis, comorbidity, differential diagnosis, prevalence, etiology, treatment, and outcome. Specifically, it deals with past and current diagnostic criteria for juvenile onset bipolar disorder, the controversy around its comorbidity with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how to differentiate it from ADHD, conduct disorder, drug and alcohol abuse, and schizophrenia, Genetic and neuroimaging studies investigating the possible etiology of this condition are also described. Treatment, both pharmacological (eg, lithium, neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, antidepressants) and psychosocial (eg, psychoeducation of child and family, school intervention, family, group and/or individual therapy) are outlined. Finally, long-term outcome and factors which may influence outcome are addressed. [References: 84] IS - 1040-8703 IL - 1040-8703 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1997 Aug DC - 19971014 YR - 1997 ED - 19971014 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9300191 <612. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9250561 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Winslade NE AU - Bajcar JM AU - Bombassaro AM AU - Caravaggio CD AU - Strong DK AU - Yamashita SK FA - Winslade, N E FA - Bajcar, J M FA - Bombassaro, A M FA - Caravaggio, C D FA - Strong, D K FA - Yamashita, S K IN - Winslade,N E. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada. TI - Pharmacist's management of drug-related problems: a tool for teaching and providing pharmaceutical care. SO - Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 17(4):801-9, 1997 Jul-Aug. AS - Pharmacotherapy. 17(4):801-9, 1997 Jul-Aug. NJ - Pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - par, 8111305 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Drug Monitoring/mt [Methods] MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Forms and Records Control MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Ontario MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Records as Topic AB - During the development of education and practice models based on the philosophy of pharmaceutical care (PC), six pharmacists worked with the University of Toronto Faculty of Pharmacy to implement the PC model in their practice sites. These pharmacists found it necessary to modify existing tools to create one that explicitly guided them through the PC process, including the phase of monitoring patients for desired outcomes. This resulted in the development of the Pharmacist's Management of Drug Related Problems. This tool requires pharmacists to collect patient drug and medical data and write responses to specific questions about the data to interpret their significance. As proficiency in providing PC is attained, the questions and space for written responses can be eliminated, leaving a comprehensive documentation system of patient outcomes and the data collected, recommendations made, and monitoring completed by the pharmacist. This tool has been adopted by the University of Toronto Faculty of Pharmacy and is being used in various continuing education programs and by practicing pharmacists across Canada. IS - 0277-0008 IL - 0277-0008 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 Jul-Aug DC - 19970925 YR - 1997 ED - 19970925 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9250561 <613. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9243348 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Giannini AJ AU - Giannini JN AU - Melemis SM FA - Giannini, A J FA - Giannini, J N FA - Melemis, S M IN - Giannini,A J. Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., Columbus, Chio, USA. TI - Visual symbolization as a learning tool: teaching pharmacology to international audiences. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 37(7):559-65, 1997 Jul. AS - J Clin Pharmacol. 37(7):559-65, 1997 Jul. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ht9, 0366372 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Audiovisual Aids MH - Cross-Cultural Comparison MH - *Language MH - Learning MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Symbolism MH - *Teaching/mt [Methods] MH - Translating AB - Medieval and Renaissance teaching techniques used linkage between course content and tangentially related visual symbols to reinforce lectures. This technique was adopted in teaching pharmacologic principles of addiction to international audiences. It produced significant results with non-English-speaking audiences using concurrent or consecutive translation. This technique may be useful for non-English-speaking audiences because of enhancement of all three areas of memory: attention, storage, and retrieval. IS - 0091-2700 IL - 0091-2700 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 Jul DC - 19970904 YR - 1997 ED - 19970904 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9243348 <614. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9143865 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lapeyre-Mestre M AU - Damase-Michel C AU - Adams P AU - Michaud P AU - Montastruc JL FA - Lapeyre-Mestre, M FA - Damase-Michel, C FA - Adams, P FA - Michaud, P FA - Montastruc, J L IN - Lapeyre-Mestre,M. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Faculte de Medecine, France. TI - Falsified or forged medical prescriptions as an indicator of pharmacodependence: a pilot study. Community pharmacists of the Midi-Pyrenees. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 52(1):37-9, 1997. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 52(1):37-9, 1997. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Feasibility Studies MH - France MH - *Fraud MH - *Pharmacies MH - Pilot Projects MH - *Substance-Related Disorders AB - OBJECTIVE: While data on drug abuse liability have been determined for selected drugs in experimental studies, there is limited information available about drug abuse in real life. This study presents the results of a simple experimental epidemiologic survey of prescription forgeries in community pharmacies in the Midi-Pyrenees area (southwest France). During four periods (September-October 1991, January-June 1992, September-October 1992 and January-June 1993), resident pharmacy students in several volunteer pharmacies were asked to complete a specific report form for each suspect prescription request. The main criteria used to identify forgeries were: inadequate dosage, multiple use of the prescription form, drafting not in accordance with the rules of prescription or false prescription forms (stolen prescription forms, photocopies). AB - RESULTS: A total of 165 falsified prescriptions were collected. The 305 drugs involved in these forged prescriptions were opiate analgesics, benzodiazepines, amphetamines and minor opiate analgesics. Medications were essentially buprenorphine, flunitrazepam (in 2 mg dosage), phenobarbitone+amphetamine and chlorazepate. AB - CONCLUSION: These results suggest that forged prescriptions can be used as an indicator of potential abuse liability of marketed psychoactive drugs. Although this survey cannot describe the real prevalence of the misuse or abuse of drugs, it constitutes a useful warning epidemiologic system to elicit early observations regarding new misuses of drugs as they are requested at the pharmacy. IS - 0031-6970 IL - 0031-6970 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 DC - 19970821 YR - 1997 ED - 19970821 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9143865 <615. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9143653 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ambrose PJ FA - Ambrose, P J IN - Ambrose,P J. Pharmacokinetics Service, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, CA 90801-1428, USA. TI - Doping control in sports--a perspective from the 1996 Olympic Games. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 54(9):1053-7, 1997 May 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 54(9):1053-7, 1997 May 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Doping in Sports/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Georgia MH - Humans MH - *Mandatory Testing/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Sports MH - *Sports Medicine/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Substance Abuse Detection AB - Doping-control (DC) procedures, particularly as used at the 1996 Olympic Games, are described, and the role of pharmacists in DC is discussed. DC procedures must be strict and precisely followed to avoid contamination of samples, the appearance of bias, and breaches in security and confidentiality. The process of selecting athletes for testing can be random, nonrandom, or a combination of the two. Escorts are used to notify athletes of their selection, verify their identity, and accompany them to the DC station. When urine specimens are obtained for DC, the voiding process must be directly observed. The specimen is checked for pH and specific gravity and then processed for shipping to a laboratory to be analyzed for banned substances. Medication histories are also obtained, giving athletes the opportunity to declare any substance that has been taken for legitimate medical purposes. Laboratory analysis involves screening and confirmation phases. During the Atlanta Games, roughly 50 pharmacists participated in the DC program as escorts or technical officers. It is logical to involve pharmacists in DC programs because they can develop and conduct drug-testing protocols; educate athletes, coaches, and trainers about drug use and abuse; and help ensure the safe and effective use of medications. Sophisticated doping-control procedures have been developed for athletic competitions, and pharmacists have much to offer DC programs. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 May 1 DC - 19970811 YR - 1997 ED - 19970811 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9143653 <616. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9217590 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sullivan JT AU - Becker PM AU - Preston KL AU - Wise RA AU - Wigely FM AU - Testa MP AU - Jasinski DR FA - Sullivan, J T FA - Becker, P M FA - Preston, K L FA - Wise, R A FA - Wigely, F M FA - Testa, M P FA - Jasinski, D R IN - Sullivan,J T. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. TI - Cocaine effects on digital blood flow and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide among chronic cocaine users. SO - American Journal of Medicine. 102(3):232-8, 1997 Mar. AS - Am J Med. 102(3):232-8, 1997 Mar. NJ - The American journal of medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0267200, 3ju SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - *Carbon Monoxide/me [Metabolism] MH - Chronic Disease MH - Cocaine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Cocaine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Fingers/bs [Blood Supply] MH - Humans MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Laser-Doppler Flowmetry/mt [Methods] MH - Laser-Doppler Flowmetry/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Male MH - Narcotics/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Narcotics/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity/de [Drug Effects] MH - Regional Blood Flow/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Skin/bs [Blood Supply] MH - *Skin/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Time Factors MH - Vasoconstrictor Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Vasoconstrictor Agents/pd [Pharmacology] AB - PURPOSE: To determine the acute effects of intravenous (i.v.) cocaine on primarily digital skin blood flow and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (CO), and secondarily on subjective and cardiovascular measures. AB - PATIENTS AND METHODS: A double-blind, Latin-square, placebo-controlled, dose-response study was conducted in an inpatient general clinical research center and clinical pharmacology unit of a university teaching hospital. Twelve adult males with histories of illicit drug use including i.v. cocaine received 0, 25, and 50 mg of i.v. cocaine given as 1-minute infusions, on 3 consecutive test days. Digital cutaneous blood flow was determined via laser doppler flowmetry and skin temperature. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCO) was measured with standard techniques. Subjective responses were measured by oral report of a numerical ranking of strength of drug effect. Heart rate and blood pressure responses were measured by electronic sphygmomanometer. AB - RESULTS: A maximal decrease in skin blood flow occurred at 2 to 3 minutes after infusion, and was not distinguished among drug conditions. Blood flow returned to baseline more rapidly after placebo than after cocaine: 7 minutes (placebo), 35 minutes (25 mg cocaine), 50 minutes (50 mg cocaine). Skin temperature decreased by 1.25 degrees C after placebo and by 2.75 and 3.25 degrees C after 25 and 50 mg of cocaine, respectively. DCO changed by -1.02 (mean) +/- 0.25 (standard deviation), 0.16 +/- 1.22, and 0.21 +/- 1.63 ml/min/mm Hg following placebo, 25, and 50 mg of cocaine, respectively. Typical subjective, chronotropic, and pressor responses to cocaine were demonstrated, and these occurred in close temporal relationship to digital blood flow and skin temperature responses. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The digital cutaneous circulation is highly sensitive to vasoconstrictor effects of cocaine. Pulmonary blood volume tends to be preserved after i.v. cocaine. Subjective effects and cardiovascular responses occur in concert with peripheral blood flow changes. The peripheral vasoconstrictor effects have implications for cocaine users with concurrent vasospastic or vasculopathic disorders. RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Vasoconstrictor Agents) RN - 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0002-9343 IL - 0002-9343 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 5 MO1 RR02719 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) NO - DA 06120 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1997 Mar DC - 19970730 YR - 1997 ED - 19970730 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9217590 <617. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9183110 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Coleman EA AU - Honeycutt G AU - Ogden B AU - McMillan DE AU - O'Sullivan PS AU - Light K AU - Wingfield W FA - Coleman, E A FA - Honeycutt, G FA - Ogden, B FA - McMillan, D E FA - O'Sullivan, P S FA - Light, K FA - Wingfield, W IN - Coleman,E A. College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 77205, USA. TI - Assessing substance abuse among health care students and the efficacy of educational interventions. SO - Journal of Professional Nursing. 13(1):28-37, 1997 Jan-Feb. AS - J Prof Nurs. 13(1):28-37, 1997 Jan-Feb. NJ - Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - h3p, 8511298 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - UNITED STATES MH - Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Alcohol Drinking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Arkansas/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Curriculum MH - Databases, Factual MH - *Health Education/mt [Methods] MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - *Nursing Education Research/mt [Methods] MH - Program Evaluation/mt [Methods] MH - Research Design MH - *Students, Nursing MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Approximately 10 per cent of nurses are chemically dependent, and, for many, substance abuse begins while attending nursing school. Faculty must be able to assess the extent of the problem, understand the contributing factors, recognize signs and symptoms, and use educational interventions in identifying and preventing chemical dependency in nurses. Beginning in 1989, the authors sampled all entering students in four colleges on a health science campus using the Standardized Substance Abuse Attitude Survey and obtained resurvey data from two of the colleges' 1989 entering classes in fall 1991. Each college developed educational interventions. Some clear differences between nursing and pharmacy students emerged and indicated that a greater emphasis on drug and alcohol education can pay dividends. Establishing a data base over a period of more than 2 years provides a foundation to evaluate further interventions. IS - 8755-7223 IL - 8755-7223 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1997 Jan-Feb DC - 19970710 YR - 1997 ED - 19970710 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9183110 <618. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9085402 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Strain EC AU - Walsh SL AU - Preston KL AU - Liebson IA AU - Bigelow GE FA - Strain, E C FA - Walsh, S L FA - Preston, K L FA - Liebson, I A FA - Bigelow, G E IN - Strain,E C. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. TI - The effects of buprenorphine in buprenorphine-maintained volunteers. SO - Psychopharmacology. 129(4):329-38, 1997 Feb. AS - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 129(4):329-38, 1997 Feb. NJ - Psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - qgi, 7608025 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Adult MH - Buprenorphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Buprenorphine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hydromorphone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Hydromorphone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Male MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - Substance-Related Disorders AB - Buprenorphine is a mu opioid partial agonist currently used as an analgesic, and being developed for the treatment of opioid dependence. The purpose of this study was to determine the abuse liability of parenteral buprenorphine in volunteers maintained on daily sublingual (SL) buprenorphine (8 mg). In a residential laboratory, eight volunteers underwent pharmacologic challenges two times per week. Medication challenges were 16 h after the daily dose of buprenorphine, and consisted of double-blind IM injections of buprenorphine (4, 8, 16 mg), the prototypic mu opioid agonist hydromorphone (9 and 18 mg), or saline. Assessments consisted of physiologic monitoring, subjects' self-reports, and a trained observer's ratings of drug effects, and were collected for 0.5 h before and 2.0 h following injection. Supplemental doses of IM buprenorphine produced opioid agonist-like effects, indicating some abuse potential of parenteral buprenorphine in buprenorphine-maintained patients. There was incomplete cross-tolerance to the effects of hydromorphone, suggesting that higher maintenance doses of buprenorphine may be needed to maximize clinical efficacy. However, there was a lack of graded dose-effects for hydromorphone, suggesting that buprenorphine's combination of partial agonist effects and high affinity for opioid receptors may limit the magnitude of effects of supplemental full agonists. Finally, participants tolerated cumulative doses of maintenance buprenorphine plus challenge buprenorphine without adverse effects, suggesting higher doses of buprenorphine can be safely administered to opioid dependent patients. RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - Q812464R06 (Hydromorphone) IS - 0033-3158 IL - 0033-3158 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - K05 DA00050 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - K20 DA00166 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA08045 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) etc. LG - English DP - 1997 Feb DC - 19970619 YR - 1997 ED - 19970619 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9085402 <619. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9083713 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Munroe WP AU - Kunz K AU - Dalmady-Israel C AU - Potter L AU - Schonfeld WH FA - Munroe, W P FA - Kunz, K FA - Dalmady-Israel, C FA - Potter, L FA - Schonfeld, W H IN - Munroe,W P. MedOutcomes, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, USA. TI - Economic evaluation of pharmacist involvement in disease management in a community pharmacy setting. SO - Clinical Therapeutics. 19(1):113-23, 1997 Jan-Feb. AS - Clin Ther. 19(1):113-23, 1997 Jan-Feb. NJ - Clinical therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - cpe, 7706726 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Aged MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/ec [Economics] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Economics, Pharmaceutical MH - Female MH - Health Care Costs MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Prescription Fees AB - This study evaluated the economic impact of patient-focused pharmacist intervention in the community retail setting in patients with hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and/or hypercholesterolemia. Specially trained pharmacists intervened by providing targeted patient education, performing systematic patient monitoring, offering feedback and behavior modification, and communicating regularly with patients' physicians to enable early intervention for drug-related problems. We evaluated prescription drug costs and total medical costs by comparing claims data from 188 patients enrolled in the program at three intervention pharmacies with data from 401 control patients at five nonparticipating pharmacies from the same retail chain. For all disease states, the average cost per prescription was significantly higher in the group receiving intervention than in the control group. Differences in total monthly prescription costs were significant only for patients with asthma, with higher monthly costs in the group receiving intervention. Substantial savings were demonstrated across all cost analyses for total monthly medical costs. Savings ranged from a conservative estimate of $143.95 per patient per month to $293.39 per patient per month when accounting for the possible influence of age, comorbid conditions, and disease severity. Our data indicate that pharmacist intervention in this community pharmacy-based disease management model substantially reduced monthly health care costs in patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and asthma. IS - 0149-2918 IL - 0149-2918 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1997 Jan-Feb DC - 19970606 YR - 1997 ED - 19970606 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9083713 <620. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9066863 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McMullin ST AU - Reichley RM AU - Kahn MG AU - Dunagan WC AU - Bailey TC FA - McMullin, S T FA - Reichley, R M FA - Kahn, M G FA - Dunagan, W C FA - Bailey, T C IN - McMullin,S T. Department of Pharmacy, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. TI - Automated system for identifying potential dosage problems at a large university hospital. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 54(5):545-9, 1997 Mar 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 54(5):545-9, 1997 Mar 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical MH - *Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted/st [Standards] MH - Humans MH - Kidney/me [Metabolism] MH - Kidney Diseases/me [Metabolism] MH - *Medication Errors MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Software AB - A hospital's experience with an automated system for screening drug orders for potential dosage problems is described. DoseChecker was developed by the hospital pharmacy department in collaboration with a local university. Pharmacy, laboratory, and patient demographic data are transferred nightly from the hospital's mainframe system to a database server; DoseChecker uses these data and user-defined rules to (1) identify patients receiving any of 35 targeted medications, (2) evaluate the appropriateness of current dosages, and (3) generate alerts for patients potentially needing dosage adjustments. The alert reports are distributed to satellite pharmacists, who evaluate each patient's condition and make recommendations to physicians as needed. One of the system's primary purposes is to calculate creatinine clearance and verify that dosages are properly adjusted for renal function. Between May and October 1995, the system electronically screened 28,528 drug orders and detected potential dosage problems in 2859 (10%). The system recommended a lower daily dose in 1992 cases (70%) and a higher daily dose in 867 (30%). Pharmacists contacted physicians concerning 1163 (41%) of the 2859 alerts; in 868 cases (75%), the physicians agreed to adjust the dosage. The most common dosage problem identified was failure to adjust dosages on the basis of declining renal function. An automated system provided an efficient method of identifying inappropriate dosages at a large university hospital. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1997 Mar 1 DC - 19970520 YR - 1997 ED - 19970520 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9066863 <621. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9069692 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Currie JD AU - Chrischilles EA AU - Kuehl AK AU - Buser RA FA - Currie, J D FA - Chrischilles, E A FA - Kuehl, A K FA - Buser, R A IN - Currie,J D. College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, USA. TI - Effect of a training program on community pharmacists' detection of and intervention in drug-related problems. CM - Comment in: J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 1997 Mar-Apr;NS37(2):181; PMID: 9069691 SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. NS37(2):182-91, 1997 Mar-Apr. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). NS37(2):182-91, 1997 Mar-Apr. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Counseling/ed [Education] MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Humans MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Prospective Studies AB - OBJECTIVE: To develop and present a pharmaceutical care training program for pharmacists, and to examine the ability of these pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care in a community pharmacy setting. AB - DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. AB - INTERVENTION: A 40-hour pharmaceutical care training program was developed and presented to pharmacists, and 1,078 patients were randomly assigned to receive either (1) traditional pharmacy services or (2) pharmaceutical care, consisting of initial patient work-up and follow-up with documentation in a patient record. AB - MEASUREMENTS: The study period was six months. Pharmacists documented problems identified, actions taken, and time required for all patients. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists consistently identified and intervened to address problems in both study groups. Patients receiving pharmaceutical care were more than seven times as likely to have any problems identified (odds ratio [OR] 7.5; confidence interval [CI] 4.2-13.1), more than eight times as likely to have an intervention performed (OR, 8.1; CI 4.7-14.2), and more than eight times as likely to have a drug-related problem identified (OR 8.6; CI 4.8-15.5) than were patients receiving traditional pharmacy services only. Time spent counseling patients was similar for the two groups. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The training program proved to be an effective way to increase the number of problems identified and addressed by pharmacists. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1997 Mar-Apr DC - 19970411 YR - 1997 ED - 19970411 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9069692 <622. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9010889 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - de Gier JJ FA - de Gier, J J IN - de Gier,J J. PharmaPartners BV, Oosterhout, The Netherlands. TI - The Electronic Pharmaceutical Dossier: an effective aid to documenting pharmaceutical care data. SO - Pharmacy World & Science. 18(6):241-3, 1996 Dec. AS - Pharm World Sci. 18(6):241-3, 1996 Dec. NJ - Pharmacy world & science : PWS PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - Index Medicus CP - NETHERLANDS MH - Communication MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Family Practice/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Medical Records Systems, Computerized MH - *Pharmaceutical Services MH - Pharmacies MH - Pharmacists AB - Pharmaceutical care involves decision-making based upon communication and judgements to avoid, initiate maintain or discontinue pharmacotherapy. After establishing patient-pharmacist relationships and implementing collaboration with physicians based upon consensus guidelines, relevant information should be collected and processed in order to determine drug therapy problems and desired treatment outcomes. This paper describes in short the development of a 'care concept' for pharmaceutical care and focuses in particular on the fully integrated functions of a pharmacy automation system (Pharmacom) for documenting relevant data and supporting the processing of drug therapy. IS - 0928-1231 IL - 0928-1231 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1996 Dec DC - 19970331 YR - 1996 ED - 19970331 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9010889 <623. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8971671 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Christensen JM AU - Smith BB AU - Murdane SB AU - Hollingshead N FA - Christensen, J M FA - Smith, B B FA - Murdane, S B FA - Hollingshead, N IN - Christensen,J M. College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-3507, USA. TI - The disposition of five therapeutically important antimicrobial agents in llamas. SO - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 19(6):431-8, 1996 Dec. AS - J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 19(6):431-8, 1996 Dec. NJ - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - kcp, 7910920 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Ampicillin/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Ampicillin/bl [Blood] MH - Ampicillin/me [Metabolism] MH - Ampicillin/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Animals MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/bl [Blood] MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/me [Metabolism] MH - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Anti-Infective Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Anti-Infective Agents/bl [Blood] MH - Anti-Infective Agents/me [Metabolism] MH - *Anti-Infective Agents/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Biological Availability MH - Camelids, New World MH - Cephalosporins/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Cephalosporins/bl [Blood] MH - Cephalosporins/me [Metabolism] MH - Cephalosporins/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/ve [Veterinary] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Drug Overdose MH - Drug Residues/me [Metabolism] MH - *Drug Residues/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Fluoroquinolones MH - Half-Life MH - Injections, Intravenous/ve [Veterinary] MH - Male MH - Penicillins/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Penicillins/bl [Blood] MH - Penicillins/me [Metabolism] MH - *Penicillins/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Quinolones/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Quinolones/bl [Blood] MH - Quinolones/me [Metabolism] MH - Quinolones/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Software MH - Sulfamethoxazole/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Sulfamethoxazole/bl [Blood] MH - Sulfamethoxazole/me [Metabolism] MH - Sulfamethoxazole/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Tissue Distribution MH - Tobramycin/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Tobramycin/bl [Blood] MH - Tobramycin/me [Metabolism] MH - Tobramycin/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Trimethoprim/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Trimethoprim/bl [Blood] MH - Trimethoprim/me [Metabolism] MH - Trimethoprim/pk [Pharmacokinetics] AB - The disposition of five therapeutic antimicrobial agents was studied in llamas (Lama glama) following intravenous bolus administration. Six llamas were each given ampicillin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur at a dose of 12 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 2.2 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, with a wash out period of at least 3 days between treatments. Plasma concentrations of these antimicrobial agents over 12 h following i.v. bolus dosing were determined by reverse phase HPLC. Disposition of the five antimicrobial agents was described by a two compartment open model with elimination from the central compartment, and also by non-compartmental methods. From compartmental analysis, the elimination rate constant, half-life, and apparent volume of distribution in the central compartment were determined. Statistical moment theory was used to determine noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters of mean residence time, clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state. Based on the disposition parameters determined, and stated assumptions of likely effective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) a dose and dosing interval for each of five antimicrobial agents were suggested as 6 mg/kg every 12 h for ampicillin; 4 mg/kg once a day or 0.75 mg/kg every 8 h for tobramycin; 3.0 mg/kg/15 mg/kg every 12 h for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; 5 mg/kg every 12 h for enrofloxacin; and 2.2 mg/kg every 12 h for ceftiofur sodium for llamas. Steady-state peak and trough plasma concentrations were also predicted for the drugs in this study for llamas. RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents) RN - 0 (Cephalosporins) RN - 0 (Fluoroquinolones) RN - 0 (Penicillins) RN - 0 (Quinolones) RN - 3DX3XEK1BN (enrofloxacin) RN - 7C782967RD (Ampicillin) RN - 83JL932I1C (ceftiofur) RN - AN164J8Y0X (Trimethoprim) RN - JE42381TNV (Sulfamethoxazole) RN - VZ8RRZ51VK (Tobramycin) IS - 0140-7783 IL - 0140-7783 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1996 Dec DC - 19970317 YR - 1996 ED - 19970317 RD - 20141120 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8971671 <624. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8879329 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Robertson KE AU - Hultgren SJ AU - Rhodes RH FA - Robertson, K E FA - Hultgren, S J FA - Rhodes, R H IN - Robertson,K E. Ribordy Center for Community Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University (BU), Indianapolis, USA. TI - Staff development program for identifying and resolving drug therapy problems. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 53(18):2194-6, 1996 Sep 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 53(18):2194-6, 1996 Sep 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299 MH - Indiana MH - Mentors MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ma [Manpower] MH - *Staff Development IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1996 Sep 15 DC - 19970203 YR - 1996 ED - 19970203 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8879329 <625. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8840745 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McDonough RP FA - McDonough, R P IN - McDonough,R P. College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Des Moines, USA. TI - Interventions to improve patient pharmaceutical care outcomes. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. NS36(7):453-65; quiz 465-6, 1996 Jul. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). NS36(7):453-65; quiz 465-6, 1996 Jul. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9601004, cil SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Clinical Competence MH - Communication MH - Drug Therapy MH - *Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Educational Measurement MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - Problem Solving MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - Thinking AB - Implementing pharmaceutical care entails the application of communication skills and cognitive skills-skills that pharmacists have certainly used in the past, although not specifically for evaluating their patients' drug therapy. Before pharmacists can start the pharmaceutical care process, they need to establish the therapeutic relationship with their patients. Pharmacists need to be active listeners and demonstrate empathy for patients. They then need to interview the patient and collect relevant data to evaluate patient drug therapy and health status. Critical thinking skills improve pharmacists' abilities to identify drug therapy problems. Pharmacists can then use the problem-solving process to resolve the drug therapy problem. It is important that pharmacists create care plans to help guide their patient care activities and planned interventions. The final step in the pharmaceutical care process is the pharmacist's documentation of patient care activities. IS - 1086-5802 IL - 1086-5802 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1996 Jul DC - 19961114 YR - 1996 ED - 19961114 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8840745 <626. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8823239 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Strain EC AU - Preston KL AU - Liebson IA AU - Bigelow GE FA - Strain, E C FA - Preston, K L FA - Liebson, I A FA - Bigelow, G E IN - Strain,E C. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. TI - Opioid antagonist effects of dezocine in opioid-dependent humans. SO - Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 60(2):206-17, 1996 Aug. AS - Clin Pharmacol Ther. 60(2):206-17, 1996 Aug. NJ - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - dhr, 0372741 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic MH - Cognition/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Cycloparaffins/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Humans MH - Hydromorphone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Male MH - Monitoring, Physiologic MH - Naloxone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Narcotics/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders MH - Psychomotor Performance/de [Drug Effects] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Tetrahydronaphthalenes AB - Dezocine is an opioid mu-partial agonist recently approved for use as an analgesic in the United States. This study characterized the relative agonist versus antagonist effects of dezocine in comparison to naloxone (an opioid antagonist), hydromorphone (an opioid mu-agonist), and placebo (saline solution) in opioid-dependent volunteers. In a residential laboratory, six volunteer male opioid abusers maintained on 30 mg/day oral methadone underwent pharmacologic challenges two to three times per week, 20 hours after the last dose of methadone. Challenges consisted of a double-blind intramuscular injection of dezocine (dose range, 7.5 to 60 mg), hydromorphone (5 and 10 mg), naloxone (0.1 and 0.2 mg), or saline solution. Measures included physiologic indexes, self-reports of drug effects, and observer ratings of drug effects. Naloxone and hydromorphone produced characteristic antagonist-like and agonist-like effects, respectively. Dezocine acted as an opioid antagonist, precipitating a withdrawal syndrome only slightly different from that produced by naloxone. Dezocine's antagonist effects were not directly dose related, but peaked at intermediate doses and declined at higher doses. RN - 0 (Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic) RN - 0 (Cycloparaffins) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Tetrahydronaphthalenes) RN - 36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone) RN - 53648-55-8 (dezocine) RN - Q812464R06 (Hydromorphone) IS - 0009-9236 IL - 0009-9236 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - K05 DA00050 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - K20 DA00166 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA08045 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) etc. LG - English DP - 1996 Aug DC - 19961029 YR - 1996 ED - 19961029 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8823239 <627. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8748111 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Pirmohamed M AU - Martin U FA - Pirmohamed, M FA - Martin, U IN - Pirmohamed,M. University of Liverpool. TI - Therapeutics 1995. SO - Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 29(6):530-4, 1995 Nov-Dec. AS - J R Coll Physicians Lond. 29(6):530-4, 1995 Nov-Dec. NJ - Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jvb, 7503108 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Bone Diseases, Metabolic/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Drug Therapy/td [Trends] MH - Great Britain MH - Humans MH - Myocardial Infarction/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Peptic Ulcer/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Poisoning/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Societies, Medical MH - Street Drugs/po [Poisoning] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - A joint conference on therapeutics with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine was held at the Royal College of Physicians on 28 June 1995, organised by Professor M C L'E Orme. A wide variety of topics was covered ranging from management of acute poisoning to the treatment of myocardial infarction, as well as the teaching of therapeutics in the new undergraduate medical curriculum. The aim of the conference was to provide an overview of the most recent therapeutic developments and controversies in the specific subject areas covered. RN - 0 (Street Drugs) IS - 0035-8819 IL - 0035-8819 PT - Congresses LG - English DP - 1995 Nov-Dec DC - 19961023 YR - 1995 ED - 19961023 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8748111 <628. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8800969 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Robertson KE FA - Robertson, K E IN - Robertson,K E. Ribordy Center for Community Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA. robertson@butler.edu TI - Process for preventing or identifying and resolving problems in drug therapy. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 53(6):639-50, 1996 Mar 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 53(6):639-50, 1996 Mar 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Clinical Clerkship MH - Drug Therapy/ec [Economics] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Hospitals, Community MH - Humans MH - Indiana MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - *Problem Solving MH - *Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - Quality Assurance, Health Care MH - Research Design MH - Staff Development AB - A consistent process for preventing or identifying and resolving problems related to drug therapy is described. The process was originally developed to help pharmacy students focus on drug therapy issues during their clinical clerkship rotations. The first version of this approach to quality improvement consisted of lists of questions designed to prompt the student to prevent or identify and correct drug therapy problems. Because the learning style of some students is more visual, the questions were incorporated into flow charts. Students at a community hospital used the flow charts during their rotations through the critical care, medical-surgical, and psychiatric units, and the process appeared to result in improvements in the quality of care and in savings in the cost of care. As a result, a staff development and training project was begun to determine if staff pharmacists who use this process to evaluate drug therapy will begin to provide pharmaceutical care. This sort of transitional model of pharmaceutical care may expedite global implementation of the new practice philosophy. Flow charts encouraging a uniform approach to the prevention or identification and correction of drug therapy problems were developed for use by pharmacy students and generalist pharmacists. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1996 Mar 15 DC - 19961003 YR - 1996 ED - 19961003 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8800969 <629. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10172600 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jones H AU - Lindsay AU - Ballard T FA - Jones, H FA - Lindsay FA - Ballard, T IN - Jones,H. Children's Medical Center of Dallas, TX, USA. TI - Improving outcomes in therapeutic drug monitoring--a case history. SO - Clinical Laboratory Management Review. 10(2):160-6, 1996 Mar-Apr. AS - Clin Lab Manage Rev. 10(2):160-6, 1996 Mar-Apr. NJ - Clinical laboratory management review : official publication of the Clinical Laboratory Management Association / CLMA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - abv, 8805785, 8805785 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Clinical Laboratory Techniques/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Monitoring MH - Guidelines as Topic MH - Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299 MH - *Hospitals, Pediatric/st [Standards] MH - Hospitals, Teaching/st [Standards] MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Texas MH - Total Quality Management MH - *Treatment Outcome AB - A case history describes quality improvement initiatives undertaken by the Laboratory, the Pharmacy, and the Department of Nursing at Children's Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, a 266-bed pediatric teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. The initial purpose of the study was to correct problems identified by a retrospective review of randomly selected patient charts. The problems included laboratory schedules for drug assays, the timing and documenting of blood collections, the reporting of toxic results to physicians, and the interpreting of serum drug concentrations. The major changes in the program included increased frequency of testing in the laboratory, educating nurses as to sample collection guidelines, introducing a clinical pharmacy consultation service, daily reporting of all drug levels to the pharmacy from the laboratory computer, and reporting toxic levels to the clinical pharmacist who then notified the physician and offered a consult. The study then began to focus on attempting to monitor the service related to outcome indicators. Outcome data included a comparison of test volumes (15.7% decrease), tests per adjusted patient day (15.4% decrease), and tests per patient day of therapy for aminoglycosides (gentamicin decreased 6.8%) before and after the changes were implemented. Data also included aminoglycoside tests reported as therapeutic and as toxic. Plans for further improvement have been identified and include differentiating peak and trough serum drug concentrations for aminoglycosides, possibly developing protocols for vancomycin and cyclosporine monitoring, continuing to educate laboratory technologists and nurses, and continuing to monitor usage and outcome indicators. IS - 0888-7950 IL - 0888-7950 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1996 Mar-Apr DC - 19960703 YR - 1996 ED - 19960703 RD - 20111117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10172600 <630. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10157544 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Eckhart J AU - Gilbert P FA - Eckhart, J FA - Gilbert, P IN - Eckhart,J. North Iowa Mercy Health Center, Mason City, USA. TI - Improved Coumadin therapy using a continuous quality improvement process. SO - Clinical Laboratory Management Review. 10(2):153-6, 1996 Mar-Apr. AS - Clin Lab Manage Rev. 10(2):153-6, 1996 Mar-Apr. NJ - Clinical laboratory management review : official publication of the Clinical Laboratory Management Association / CLMA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - abv, 8805785, 8805785 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Anticoagulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Anticoagulants/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Overdose MH - Humans MH - Iowa MH - *Laboratories, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - Myocardial Infarction/bl [Blood] MH - *Myocardial Infarction/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - Prothrombin Time MH - Thrombosis/bl [Blood] MH - *Thrombosis/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Thrombosis/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Total Quality Management MH - Warfarin/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Warfarin/tu [Therapeutic Use] AB - Through the Continuous Quality Improvement process, we determined that a significant number of patients were receiving too much Coumadin and having potentially serious side effects. The number of patients studied is limited, and there are only two time intervals reported postintervention. This makes it difficult to draw a definite relationship between the observed rates of Coumadin overdosing and the selected intervention. By educating the physicians on proper Coumadin dosing, we were able to reduce the number of patients experiencing hemorrhage or other complications. Our follow-up data review 1 year later showed that the gain had not been maintained as well as we would have hoped. This demonstrates that active review by Pharmacy and Laboratory on a regular basis and additional physician education would be beneficial. Through this process we gained valuable experience using the FOCUS PDCA method of continuous quality improvement. RN - 0 (Anticoagulants) RN - 5Q7ZVV76EI (Warfarin) IS - 0888-7950 IL - 0888-7950 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1996 Mar-Apr DC - 19960703 YR - 1996 ED - 19960703 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10157544 <631. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10153865 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Marra C AU - Nimmo CR AU - Jewesson P FA - Marra, C FA - Nimmo, C R FA - Jewesson, P IN - Marra,C. B.C. Children's and Women's Hospital, British Columbia, Canada. TI - A prospective survey of knowledge and perceptions of ondansetron: what do health care workers know about this drug?. SO - Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 48(6):336-42, 1995 Dec. AS - Can J Hosp Pharm. 48(6):336-42, 1995 Dec. NJ - The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - d2k, 0215645 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - CANADA MH - Antiemetics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Antiemetics/ec [Economics] MH - *Antiemetics/st [Standards] MH - British Columbia MH - Data Collection MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Forms and Records Control MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over MH - Hospitals, Teaching MH - Medical Staff, Hospital/ec [Economics] MH - Nursing Staff, Hospital/ec [Economics] MH - Ondansetron/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Ondansetron/ec [Economics] MH - *Ondansetron/st [Standards] MH - *Personnel, Hospital/ed [Education] MH - Prospective Studies MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - Ondansetron is a relatively new drug whose optimal use is dependent on an understanding of its characteristics and role relative to traditional antiemetics. To assess perceptions and knowledge regarding ondansetron, we conducted a prospective written survey involving 56 physicians, pharmacists, and nurses at this hospital. Pharmacists claimed to be exposed to ondansetron promotion by industry more than the other groups. Apart from industry, pharmacists were considered to be the most common source of drug information. Nurses were less aware of dosage form equivalence than the other groups (p = 0.042). Physicians were more aware of twice daily dosing efficacy than other respondents (p = 0.0006). Nurses were able to better identify the relative duration of antiemetic benefit over metoclopramide (p = 0.008); however, most participants tended to be misinformed on this issue. Pharmacists were more familiar with the side effect profile while physicians were more cognizant of oral (p = 0.001) and parenteral (p = 0.018) drug costs than other groups. Overall, survey scores for physicians and pharmacists were higher than those for nurses (p = 0.007). There is an apparent difference across health care profession disciplines in the perceptions and knowledge about ondansetron. Specific misconceptions could lead to suboptimal drug use and warrant efforts to ensure a good understanding of the attributes and relative role of this agent. RN - 0 (Antiemetics) RN - 4AF302ESOS (Ondansetron) IS - 0008-4123 IL - 0008-4123 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1995 Dec DC - 19960304 YR - 1995 ED - 19960304 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=10153865 <632. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8528835 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lewis RK AU - Carter BL AU - Glover DG AU - Hutchinson RA FA - Lewis, R K FA - Carter, B L FA - Glover, D G FA - Hutchinson, R A IN - Lewis,R K. Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Services, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center (UICMC), USA. TI - Comprehensive services in an ambulatory care pharmacy. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 52(16):1793-7, 1995 Aug 15. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 52(16):1793-7, 1995 Aug 15. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Academic Medical Centers MH - Ambulatory Care MH - Chicago MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Hospital Design and Construction MH - Humans MH - *Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] AB - The development of a comprehensive model of pharmacy practice in an ambulatory care setting is described. From 1991 to 1994, the department of ambulatory care pharmacy services at The University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center converted its main outpatient pharmacy into a Pharmaceutical Care Center to serve as a model for community and hospital-based ambulatory care pharmacy services. The Pharmaceutical Care Center includes a waiting area, five private patient-assessment rooms, an examination room, a place for reviewing patient profiles and reference materials, space for storage and automation, an i.v. admixture area, a conference room, and office space. It serves 120-150 patients per day (10% just discharged from the hospital, 90% seen in the clinic system). Pharmacy clerkship students and residents, under the oversight of faculty, conduct patient assessments, educate patients and family, monitor outcomes, and intervene when drug-related problems are detected. Patient assessments and therapeutic interventions are documented in the patient's medical record. Computers, automated medication filling, and technical support are used to enable pharmacists to concentrate on patient care. A model ambulatory care pharmacy provides both drug distribution and direct patient care services. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1995 Aug 15 DC - 19960201 YR - 1995 ED - 19960201 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8528835 <633. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7490991 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - de Vries TP AU - Henning RH AU - Hogerzeil HV AU - Bapna JS AU - Bero L AU - Kafle KK AU - Mabadeje Af AU - Santoso B AU - Smith AJ FA - de Vries, T P FA - Henning, R H FA - Hogerzeil, H V FA - Bapna, J S FA - Bero, L FA - Kafle, K K FA - Mabadeje, A f FA - Santoso, B FA - Smith, A J IN - de Vries,T P. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Groningen, Netherlands. TI - Impact of a short course in pharmacotherapy for undergraduate medical students: an international randomised controlled study. SO - Lancet. 346(8988):1454-7, 1995 Dec 2. AS - Lancet. 346(8988):1454-7, 1995 Dec 2. NJ - Lancet (London, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 2985213r, l0s, 0053266 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Curriculum MH - *Drug Therapy MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - International Cooperation MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians' AB - Irrational prescribing is a habit which is difficult to cure. However, prevention is possible and for this reason the WHO Action Programme on Essential Drugs aims to improve the teaching of pharmacotherapy to medical students. The impact of a short problem-based training course in pharmacotherapy, using a WHO manual on the principles of rational prescribing, was measured in an international multi-centre randomised controlled study of 219 undergraduate medical students in Groningen (Netherlands), Kathmandu (Nepal), Lagos (Nigeria), Newcastle (Australia), New Delhi (India), San Francisco (USA), and Yogyakarta (Japan). The manual and the course presented the students, who were about to enter the clinical phase of their studies, with a normative model for pharmacotherapeutic reasoning in which they were taught to generate a "standard" pharmacotherapeutic approach to common disorders, resulting in a set of first-choice drugs called P(ersonal)-drugs. The students were then taught how to apply this set of P-drugs to specific patient problems on the symptomatic treatment of pain, using a six-step problem-solving routine. The impact of the course was measured by tests before training, immediately after, and six months later. After the course, students from the study group performed significantly better than controls in all patient problems presented (p < 0.05). The students not only remembered how to solve old problems, but they could also apply their skills to new problems. Both retention and transfer effect were maintained at least six months after the training session in all seven medical schools. In view of the impossibility of teaching students all basic knowledge on the thousands of drugs available, this approach seems to be an efficient way of teaching rational prescribing. However, the method should be accompanied by a change in teaching methods away from the habit of transferring knowledge about the drugs towards problem-based teaching of therapeutic reasoning. IS - 0140-6736 IL - 0140-6736 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English DP - 1995 Dec 2 DC - 19960102 YR - 1995 ED - 19960102 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7490991 <634. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7671769 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Di Chiara G FA - Di Chiara, G IN - Di Chiara,G. Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, Italy. TI - The role of dopamine in drug abuse viewed from the perspective of its role in motivation. [Review] [520 refs][Erratum appears in Drug Alcohol Depend 1995 Aug;39(2):155] SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 38(2):95-137, 1995 May. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 38(2):95-137, 1995 May. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - IRELAND MH - Animals MH - Arousal/ph [Physiology] MH - Association Learning/ph [Physiology] MH - Brain/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Brain Mapping MH - Conditioning, Classical/ph [Physiology] MH - *Dopamine/ph [Physiology] MH - Humans MH - *Motivation MH - Neural Pathways/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Street Drugs MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Synaptic Transmission/ph [Physiology] AB - Drugs of abuse share with conventional reinforcers the activation of specific neural pathways in the CNS that are the substrate of their motivational properties. Dopamine is recognized as the transmitter of one such neural pathway, being involved in at least three major aspects of motivation: modulation of motivational state, acquisition (incentive learning) and expression of incentive properties by motivational stimuli. Drugs of abuse of different pharmacological classes stimulate in the low dose range dopamine transmission particularly in the ventral striatum. Apart from psychostimulants, the evidence that stimulation of dopamine transmission by drugs of abuse provides the primary motivational stimulus for drug self-administration is either unconvincing or negative. However, stimulation of dopamine transmission is essential for the activational properties of drugs of abuse and might be instrumental for the acquisition of responding to drug-related incentive stimuli (incentive learning). Dopamine is involved in the induction and in the expression of behavioural sensitization by repeated exposure to various drugs of abuse. Sensitization to the dopamine-stimulant properties of specific drug classes leading to facilitation of incentive learning of drug-related stimuli might account for the strong control over behaviour exerted by these stimuli in the addiction state. Withdrawal from drugs of abuse results in a reduction in basal dopamine transmission in vivo and in reduced responding for conventional reinforcers. Although these changes are likely to be the expression of a state of dependence of the dopamine system their contribution to the motivational state of drug addiction is unclear. [References: 520] RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) IS - 0376-8716 IL - 0376-8716 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 1995 May DC - 19951019 YR - 1995 ED - 19951019 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7671769 <635. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7605700 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Passmore PR AU - Kailis SG FA - Passmore, P R FA - Kailis, S G IN - Passmore,P R. Clinical Pharmacy Teaching Unit, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia. TI - In pursuit of rational drug use and effective drug management: clinical and public health pharmacy viewpoint. SO - Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health. 7(4):236-41, 1994. AS - Asia Pac J Public Health. 7(4):236-41, 1994. NJ - Asia-Pacific journal of public health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - asj, 8708538 SB - Index Medicus CP - HONG KONG MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/td [Trends] MH - Developing Countries MH - *Drug Utilization/td [Trends] MH - *Education, Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - Humans MH - Public Health AB - Drugs are major technology in preventing and combating disease both at the individual and community levels. Managing this valuable resource for optimum public health benefit is paramount. Pharmacists have been recognized by the World Health Organisation and others as having a key role to play in promoting rational drug use and strengthening effective drug management. However, the profession needs to answer some critical questions relating to effective communication of their clinical role. Factors associated with the primary care role of pharmacists are discussed and include education, social and political pressures and professional attitudes. There is evidence of an expanding role for pharmacy in the health sector and a number of new challenges for pharmacy's role in strengthening public health are emerging. These include the profession's involvement in overcoming chronic shortages of essential drugs, strategies to combat the fake and inferior quality drug problems, and increased efforts to educate the public in optimal drug therapy and compliance with recognized drug dosages. Pharmacists are urged to assist governments develop effective policies and legislations for the pharmaceutical sector, based on research findings of pharmaceutical issues affecting public health. IS - 1010-5395 IL - 1010-5395 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 DC - 19950817 YR - 1994 ED - 19950817 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7605700 <636. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7596239 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McDuff DR AU - Tommasello AC AU - Hoffman KJ AU - Johnson JL FA - McDuff, D R FA - Tommasello, A C FA - Hoffman, K J FA - Johnson, J L IN - McDuff,D R. Division of alcohol and drug abuse, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA. TI - Addictions training for physicians and other licensed health care professionals in Maryland. SO - Maryland Medical Journal. 44(6):453-9, 1995 Jun. AS - Md Med J. 44(6):453-9, 1995 Jun. NJ - Maryland medical journal (Baltimore, Md. : 1985) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - man, 8506985 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Alcoholism/th [Therapy] MH - *Education, Medical MH - *Health Occupations/ed [Education] MH - Humans MH - Maryland MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - Physicians and other health care providers have multiple opportunities in the course of a typical practice year to identify and treat individuals who abuse alcohol and other drugs. Although substance abuse is very common in clinical practice, providers routinely fail to intervene in a timely fashion due to negative attitudes, incomplete knowledge, and poorly developed practice skills. Over the past ten years, addictions training of licensed health care providers nationally and in Maryland has improved significantly. This article describes recent national training trends and current educational programs statewide for medical students, physicians in residency and fellowship programs, and licensed providers in dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, psychology, and social work. Several strategies for improving professional training in addictions in the future are discussed and the importance of shifting to an interprofessional training model is emphasized. IS - 0886-0572 IL - 0886-0572 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1995 Jun DC - 19950728 YR - 1995 ED - 19950728 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7596239 <637. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7749959 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Price KO AU - Huff PS AU - Isetts BJ AU - Goldwire MA FA - Price, K O FA - Huff, P S FA - Isetts, B J FA - Goldwire, M A IN - Price,K O. Meniscus Educational Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA. TI - University-based sports pharmacy program. SO - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 52(3):302-9, 1995 Feb 1. AS - Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 52(3):302-9, 1995 Feb 1. NJ - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9503023, cbh SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Athletic Injuries/th [Therapy] MH - Doping in Sports MH - Equipment and Supplies, Hospital MH - Formularies as Topic MH - Health Education MH - Humans MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] MH - *Pharmacists MH - Professional Practice MH - Sports Medicine/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Sports Medicine MH - Student Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Student Health Services MH - Substance Abuse Detection AB - Ways for pharmacists to become involved in sports pharmacy are discussed, and a university-based sports pharmacy program is described. Sports pharmacy encompasses treating athletic injuries, distributing drugs and sports-related supplies, counseling patients, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes, along with educating athletes, trainers, and others about drug use and abuse. Pharmacists can contribute their expertise by presenting information at schools, health clubs, and other exercise-related organizations. They can serve on drug-testing crews at collegiate athletic events. Pharmacists can also provide supplies and services to schools or athletic facilities; ideally, this could be a contractual arrangement to provide comprehensive pharmaceutical care. A sports pharmacy program was implemented at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980. Pharmacists provide drug therapy monitoring and patient education to all patients at the school; patients' level of athletic activity is taken into consideration. Pharmacists also ensure proper use, storage, and distribution of drugs kept in clinics, training rooms, and sports medicine travel bags, as well as identifying and providing drugs and supplies that might be needed at an off-campus event. They provide inservice education to athletic trainers and physicians. The program has improved patient outcomes and helped to ensure adequate drug supplies and minimum waste. There are numerous opportunities for practitioners to become involved in sports pharmacy. A university-based sports pharmacy program improved the care of student athletes and helped contain drug costs. IS - 1079-2082 IL - 1079-2082 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1995 Feb 1 DC - 19950622 YR - 1995 ED - 19950622 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7749959 <638. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7862010 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sheridan J AU - Bates IP AU - Webb DG AU - Barber ND FA - Sheridan, J FA - Bates, I P FA - Webb, D G FA - Barber, N D IN - Sheridan,J. Centre for Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK. TI - Educational intervention in pharmacy students' attitudes to HIV/AIDS and drug misuse. SO - Medical Education. 28(6):492-500, 1994 Nov. AS - Med Educ. 28(6):492-500, 1994 Nov. NJ - Medical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - Index Medicus SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - ENGLAND MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/px [Psychology] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Attitude to Health MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - *HIV Infections/px [Psychology] MH - Health Education MH - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - London MH - *Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - By providing injecting equipment to drug misusers, community pharmacists in the UK may become involved in preventing the spread of HIV via the intravenous route. Over 60% of pharmacy graduates from the School of Pharmacy enter community pharmacy and, as part of their undergraduate course, attend a series of lectures and seminars on HIV/AIDS and drug misuse. The aim of this research was to: (1) investigate students' attitudes to these subjects; (2) assess the students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS; (3) evaluate any change in level of knowledge or of attitude after attending the course; and (4) investigate students' attitudes towards the teaching of these subjects. A questionnaire was administered to students before and after their undergraduate course. The level of knowledge increased significantly after attending the course. Students were asked their opinion on the teaching of HIV/AIDS and drug misuse at the School of Pharmacy. After the course, significantly more responded 'good' or 'very good' with regard to teaching on social issues in drug misuse, rehabilitation and treatment of drug misusers, and health education on HIV/AIDS. There was no significant change in attitude, after the course. Attitude to HIV/AIDS and drug misuse was found to be unassociated with previous experience of working in pharmacies supplying injecting equipment and prescribed methadone. Both attitude and pre-course assessed knowledge were significantly associated with race and religion. These results indicate that attending the course had the effect of increasing knowledge of HIV/AIDS and increasing confidence in counselling clients. The perception of the teaching was also seen to be more positive. IS - 0308-0110 IL - 0308-0110 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 Nov DC - 19950320 YR - 1994 ED - 19950320 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7862010 <639. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7841871 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schuckit MA FA - Schuckit, M A IN - Schuckit,M A. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161. TI - The treatment of stimulant dependence. [Review] [18 refs] SO - Addiction. 89(11):1559-63, 1994 Nov. AS - Addiction. 89(11):1559-63, 1994 Nov. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Amphetamines/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Amphetamines MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants MH - Cocaine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Cocaine MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Humans MH - Recurrence MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] AB - Rehabilitation efforts offered to individuals with stimulant dependence incorporate a series of maneuvers to accomplish three major goals. Following active detoxification, most clinicians attempt to: (1) increase motivation for abstinence and maintain a high level of commitment to this goal; (2) help individuals to rebuild a stable life-style without substances; and (3) actively work toward ways of decreasing the probability of relapse (relapse prevention). While these activities incorporate education, counseling, outreach to families and exposure to self-help groups (e.g. Cocaine Anonymous), numerous pharmacological approaches have been tested. Each mode of drug therapy is based on a reasonable hypothesis, but appropriately controlled and structured clinical trials have not yet revealed any pharmacological approach for rehabilitation of stimulant-dependent individuals for which the risks have been shown to outweight the assets. [References: 18] RN - 0 (Amphetamines) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0965-2140 IL - 0965-2140 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - NIAAA 05526 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - NIAAA 08401 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) NO - NIAAA 08403 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1994 Nov DC - 19950308 YR - 1994 ED - 19950308 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7841871 <640. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7841868 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ashton H FA - Ashton, H IN - Ashton,H. Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. TI - The treatment of benzodiazepine dependence. [Review] [40 refs] SO - Addiction. 89(11):1535-41, 1994 Nov. AS - Addiction. 89(11):1535-41, 1994 Nov. NJ - Addiction (Abingdon, England) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bm3, 9304118 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Anti-Anxiety Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Anti-Anxiety Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Anti-Anxiety Agents MH - Behavior Therapy MH - Benzodiazepines MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/px [Psychology] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Withdrawal of benzodiazepines is currently advised for long-term benzodiazepine users because of doubts about continued efficacy, risks of adverse effects, including dependence and neuropsychological impairment and socio-economic costs. About half a million people in the UK may need advice on withdrawal. Successful withdrawal strategies should combine gradual dosage reduction and psychological support. The benzodiazepine dosage should be tapered at an individually titrated rate which should usually be under the patient's control. The whole process may take weeks or months. Withdrawal from diazepam is convenient because of available dosage strengths, but can be carried out directly from other benzodiazepine. Adjuvant medication may occasionally be required (antidepressants, propranolol) but no drugs have been proved to be of general utility in alleviating withdrawal-related symptoms. Psychological support should be available both during dosage reduction and for some months after cessation of drug use. Such support should include the provision of information about benzodiazepines, general encouragement, and measures to reduce anxiety and promote the learning of non-pharmacological ways of coping with stress. For many patients the degree of support required is minimal; a minority may need counselling or formal psychological therapy. Unwilling patients should not be forced to withdraw. With these methods, success rates of withdrawal are high and are unaffected by duration of usage, dosage or type of benzodiazepine, rate of withdrawal, symptom severity, psychiatric history or personality disorder. Longer-term outcome is less clear; a considerable proportion of patients may temporarily take benzodiazepines again and some need other psychotropic medication. However, the outcome may be improved by careful pharmacological and psychological handling of withdrawal and post-withdrawal phases. [References: 40] RN - 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents) RN - 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines) IS - 0965-2140 IL - 0965-2140 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1994 Nov DC - 19950308 YR - 1994 ED - 19950308 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7841868 <641. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7815031 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Browne S AU - Moore C AU - Negrusz A AU - Tebbett I AU - Covert R AU - Dusick A FA - Browne, S FA - Moore, C FA - Negrusz, A FA - Tebbett, I FA - Covert, R FA - Dusick, A IN - Browne,S. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago. TI - Detection of cocaine, norcocaine, and cocaethylene in the meconium of premature neonates. SO - Journal of Forensic Sciences. 39(6):1515-9, 1994 Nov. AS - J Forensic Sci. 39(6):1515-9, 1994 Nov. NJ - Journal of forensic sciences PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - i5z, 0375370 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - *Cocaine/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - *Cocaine/an [Analysis] MH - *Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/an [Analysis] MH - Female MH - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MH - Humans MH - Infant, Newborn MH - *Infant, Premature MH - Male MH - *Meconium/ch [Chemistry] MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications/di [Diagnosis] MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Substance Abuse Detection/mt [Methods] MH - Urine/ch [Chemistry] AB - Our objective was to investigate the methodologic detection of cocaine abuse during pregnancy by determining the viability of meconium analysis for cocaine and its metabolites using chromatographic procedures as an alternative to urine testing using enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. Our design was as follows: meconium and urine were taken from 106 very low birthweight premature babies. Meconium analysis for cocaine and its metabolites using extraction and chromatographic analysis was compared with the criterion standard immunoassay testing for urine. The work was carried out at The University of Chicago Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and the University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmacodynamics. Our patients were very low birthweight, premature babies (mean birthweight 1109 g; mean gestational age 29.1 weeks). Gender was evenly divided between male and female. The outcome measures were as follows: two active metabolites, norcocaine and cocaethylene, were detected in the meconium, but not in the urine, of some of the neonates. Determination of cocaine exposure in the newborn influenced assignment of babies in research studies as well as psychosocial evaluation and subsequent treatment of the neonate. Our results were: of the 106 meconium samples analyzed, 21 (19.8%) were positive for cocaine (n = 19, 0.24-0.78 mg/kg), norcocaine (n = 7, 0.10-0.56 mg/kg), cocaethylene (n = 1, 0.12 mg/kg) or combinations thereof. Benzoylecgonine was not detected in any of the samples. Of the urine samples analyzed by immunoassay, only 8 (7.5%) were positive for cocaine metabolites. We conclude that meconium is a better sample than urine for determining cocaine exposure in utero.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) RN - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 3SL7BR2M1E (norcocaine) RN - 5353I8I6YS (benzoylecgonine) RN - FJO3071W5Y (cocaethylene) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0022-1198 IL - 0022-1198 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 Nov DC - 19950203 YR - 1994 ED - 19950203 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7815031 <642. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7949500 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Krick SE AU - Lindley CM AU - Bennett M FA - Krick, S E FA - Lindley, C M FA - Bennett, M IN - Krick,S E. Campbell University School of Pharmacy, Buies Creek, NC. TI - Pharmacy-perceived barriers to cancer pain control: results of the North Carolina Cancer Pain Initiative Pharmacist Survey. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 28(7-8):857-62, 1994 Jul-Aug. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 28(7-8):857-62, 1994 Jul-Aug. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Community Pharmacy Services MH - Female MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Neoplasms/pp [Physiopathology] MH - North Carolina MH - Pain/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Pain/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding the use of narcotics in cancer pain management, identify pharmacist counseling activities for cancer pain patients, assess pharmacy-related barriers to cancer pain management, and evaluate the availability of narcotic analgesics. AB - METHODS: Mailing of a six-page survey. AB - SETTING: Five hundred randomly selected pharmacists registered in North Carolina. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Of 500 pharmacists surveyed, 141 surveys were completed and returned for a response rate of 28.2 percent. AB - RESULTS: Pharmacists surveyed were knowledgeable regarding the problem of undertreatment of cancer pain. More than 80 percent of respondents replied that most cancer patients experience pain at some time during their illness. Eighty-five percent of respondents agreed that the nurse must believe the patient's report of pain and that the patient is the best judge of the intensity of the pain. Conservative physician prescribing patterns and conservative administration patterns of nurses were identified as perceived barriers to adequate pain management by 51 and 44 percent of respondents, respectively. Less than 30 percent of respondents frequently counseled cancer pain patients and were unable to identify patients who have cancer pain as a major medical illness. Hospital pharmacists recommended adjunctive therapy more often than did community pharmacists (p = 0.013). Interventions in pain management regimens were more often conducted by hospital pharmacists than by community pharmacists (p = 0.049). Differences in availability of narcotics was noted among practice sites for some more potent narcotics. Of the pharmacists surveyed, only 43 percent had attended a continuing education program on cancer pain management. Ninety-six percent of respondents were interested in attending a continuing education program in the future. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists in North Carolina are aware that the undertreatment of cancer pain is a serious medical problem. Unfortunately, pharmacists appear to be unable to identify patients with cancer pain as a major medical problem; therefore, counseling activity is limited. Addiction is still perceived as a barrier by some pharmacists. Through organizations such as the North Carolina Pain Initiative, these problems can be addressed. IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 Jul-Aug DC - 19941223 YR - 1994 ED - 19941223 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7949500 <643. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8078084 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Oke TO FA - Oke, T O IN - Oke,T O. College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 70125. TI - Primary health-care services with a functional ambulatory care clinical pharmacy in a low-income housing project clinic. SO - Journal of the National Medical Association. 86(6):465-8, 1994 Jun. AS - J Natl Med Assoc. 86(6):465-8, 1994 Jun. NJ - Journal of the National Medical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - j9z, 7503090 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2607762 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Community Health Centers/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Louisiana MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Poverty MH - *Primary Health Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Public Housing AB - This article describes the establishment of clinical pharmacy services at a primary health-care clinic in a low-income housing area in New Orleans. The St Thomas Health Care Services Outpatient Clinic was established in 1987 by the Catholic Sisters of Charity. The clinic provides care for 4500 ambulatory patients who otherwise have inadequate health care. Xavier University College of Pharmacy established pharmacy services in the clinic as a site for its ambulatory clerkship students. The pharmacy provides training for students on the principles and practice standards of ambulatory care pharmacy services, which include taking medication history and performing drug therapy review. A computer-generated medical record was developed to provide access to patients' demographic and drug profiles. The system was designed to help the pharmacist preceptor and students detect, resolve, and prevent drug-related problems, and to aid in learning to monitor the progression of disease(s) and whether the patient is experiencing the desired therapeutic outcome. Direct contact with patients allows the pharmacist and the students to become familiar with patient compliance problems, adverse drug reaction monitoring, patient counseling techniques, and providing patient education. IS - 1943-4693 IL - 0027-9684 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 Jun DC - 19941004 YR - 1994 ED - 19941004 RD - 20151225 UP - 20151228 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=8078084 <644. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8078084 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Oke TO FA - Oke, T O IN - Oke,T O. College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 70125. TI - Primary health-care services with a functional ambulatory care clinical pharmacy in a low-income housing project clinic. SO - Journal of the National Medical Association. 86(6):465-8, 1994 Jun. AS - J Natl Med Assoc. 86(6):465-8, 1994 Jun. NJ - Journal of the National Medical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - j9z, 7503090 OI - Source: NLM. PMC2607762 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Community Health Centers/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Louisiana MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Poverty MH - *Primary Health Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Public Housing AB - This article describes the establishment of clinical pharmacy services at a primary health-care clinic in a low-income housing area in New Orleans. The St Thomas Health Care Services Outpatient Clinic was established in 1987 by the Catholic Sisters of Charity. The clinic provides care for 4500 ambulatory patients who otherwise have inadequate health care. Xavier University College of Pharmacy established pharmacy services in the clinic as a site for its ambulatory clerkship students. The pharmacy provides training for students on the principles and practice standards of ambulatory care pharmacy services, which include taking medication history and performing drug therapy review. A computer-generated medical record was developed to provide access to patients' demographic and drug profiles. The system was designed to help the pharmacist preceptor and students detect, resolve, and prevent drug-related problems, and to aid in learning to monitor the progression of disease(s) and whether the patient is experiencing the desired therapeutic outcome. Direct contact with patients allows the pharmacist and the students to become familiar with patient compliance problems, adverse drug reaction monitoring, patient counseling techniques, and providing patient education. IS - 0027-9684 IL - 0027-9684 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 Jun DC - 19941004 YR - 1994 ED - 19941004 RD - 20130922 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8078084 <645. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8046165 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kriegler KA AU - Baldwin JN AU - Scott DM FA - Kriegler, K A FA - Baldwin, J N FA - Scott, D M IN - Kriegler,K A. Medical Center Understanding Substance Abuse, Student Counseling Services, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. TI - A survey of alcohol and other drug use behaviors and risk factors in health profession students. SO - Journal of American College Health. 42(6):259-65, 1994 May. AS - J Am Coll Health. 42(6):259-65, 1994 May. NJ - Journal of American college health : J of ACH PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - h5e, 8214119, 7503059 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Nebraska MH - Peer Group MH - Self-Assessment MH - Smoking MH - *Students, Health Occupations/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - This survey assessed the alcohol and other drug (AOD) use habits and risk factors of health profession students at a midwestern university health science center. The authors administered a 75-item survey to 1,707 students in selected classrooms: 984 students responded for a return rate of 57.6%. In 1990, they found, alcohol use among the health profession students in the past year was comparable to that of undergraduate college students nationally (86%), although significantly fewer health profession students drank heavily (27% had five or more drinks in the past 2 weeks, compared with 41% of college students). The percentage of health profession students who reported using tobacco or illicit drugs was lower than the percentage of undergraduate students who used these substances. At the time of the study, 16% of the respondents may have had a potential current alcohol problem and 3.5% a potential drug problem. Pharmacy students most often reported negative consequences from their AOD use. Peer pressure influenced the drinking decisions of 55% of the respondents; students in dentistry and pharmacy experienced the least support from peers for their decisions to abstain from drinking. Family histories of alcohol problems were reported by 38% of the respondents, and family histories of drug use by 14.8%. Male health profession students, when compared with the female professional students, drank more and experienced more consequences of their drinking or drug use and were also more influenced by peers. IS - 0744-8481 IL - 0744-8481 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1994 May DC - 19940830 YR - 1994 ED - 19940830 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8046165 <646. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8026299 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Baptista T AU - Novoa D AU - Hernandez R FA - Baptista, T FA - Novoa, D FA - Hernandez, R IN - Baptista,T. Department of Human Physiology, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Merida, Venezuela. TI - Substance use among Venezuelan medical and pharmacy students. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 34(2):121-7, 1994 Jan. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 34(2):121-7, 1994 Jan. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - IRELAND MH - Adult MH - *Cross-Cultural Comparison MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - *Psychotropic Drugs MH - *Street Drugs MH - *Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Venezuela/ep [Epidemiology] AB - The frequency of substance use disorders and non-pathological use of drugs was assessed in a cohort of undergraduate medical (N = 1013) and pharmacy students (N = 426) from the University of the Andes (Merida, Venezuela). The survey was conducted using a self-administered Spanish version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS-III-A). It was found that the lifetime frequency of substance use disorders was significantly higher in medical than in pharmacy students, but this difference disappeared when the sex was controlled. Substance use disorders were more common in single males and most cases were observed in subjects in their intermediate academic semesters. It was also found that the frequency of non-pathological use of drugs was higher in medical than in pharmacy students and in men than in women. The frequency of substance use disorders in our sample was smaller than that reported in American surveys of substance misuse among medical and pharmacy students. However, because of methodological differences these comparisons are questionable. Our results suggest that Venezuelan medical students are not at an unusually high risk of substance misuse when compared with pharmacy students whose reputedly low levels of substance use are often contrasted with those of the medical profession. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) IS - 0376-8716 IL - 0376-8716 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1994 Jan DC - 19940805 YR - 1994 ED - 19940805 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8026299 <647. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8010315 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Borgsdorf LR AU - Miano JS AU - Knapp KK FA - Borgsdorf, L R FA - Miano, J S FA - Knapp, K K IN - Borgsdorf,L R. Kaiser Permanente, Bakersfield, CA. TI - Pharmacist-managed medication review in a managed care system. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 51(6):772-7, 1994 Mar 15. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 51(6):772-7, 1994 Mar 15. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - California MH - Cost Savings MH - *Drug Utilization Review/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Efficiency MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Managed Care Programs/ec [Economics] MH - *Managed Care Programs/st [Standards] MH - Middle Aged MH - *Patient Education as Topic/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmaceutical Services/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Referral and Consultation AB - A medication-review service at a managed care facility was studied. The service, developed in 1991, provides in-depth analysis of medication use and patient consultation by a pharmacist. Patients are seen by referral. During a visit, the pharmacist reviews each medication for patterns of use, clinical response, and adverse effects and if necessary teaches the patient how to use the drugs more appropriately. The pharmacist may change some aspect of the prescription and may schedule follow-up visits. The investigators reviewed data on (1) medication-related problems for all new patients seen by the pharmacist during the first 12 months of the service, (2) patient demographics for the first 23 months, (3) utilization of the service and pharmacist productivity for the first 23 months, (4) utilization of medications and health care services in a representative subset of patients 12 months before and after they used the service, and (5) costs. A total of 2720 medications were reviewed during months 1-12. On average, 64.9% of the drugs reviewed each month were problematic. A total of 836 patients were seen during the first 23 months; most of the referrals were from physicians. The patients averaged 2.6 diagnoses and 4.7 drugs each and were not dominated by any one age group, gender, diagnosis, or drug therapy. A representative subgroup showed reductions in the number of unscheduled physician visits, urgent care visits, emergency room visits, and hospital days; a savings of $644 per patient per year was calculated. Patients used fewer health services during the year after they began participating in a pharmacist-managed medication-review program. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 Mar 15 DC - 19940720 YR - 1994 ED - 19940720 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8010315 <648. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8193432 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Doering PL AU - Hall KR FA - Doering, P L FA - Hall, K R TI - Using the "smart pill" to teach about substance abuse. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 28(3):390-1, 1994 Mar. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 28(3):390-1, 1994 Mar. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Child MH - Decision Making MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists MH - Role MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Teaching IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Editorial LG - English DP - 1994 Mar DC - 19940630 YR - 1994 ED - 19940630 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8193432 <649. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8193417 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kaplan B AU - Shimp LA AU - Mason NA AU - Ascione FJ FA - Kaplan, B FA - Shimp, L A FA - Mason, N A FA - Ascione, F J IN - Kaplan,B. College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. TI - Chronic hemodialysis patients. Part II: Reducing drug-related problems through application of the focused drug therapy review program. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 28(3):320-4, 1994 Mar. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 28(3):320-4, 1994 Mar. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Hospitals, University MH - Humans MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - *Kidney Failure, Chronic/th [Therapy] MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Monitoring, Physiologic MH - Patient Care Planning MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Problem Solving MH - *Renal Dialysis AB - OBJECTIVE: To test the value and measure the impact of a model of pharmacy practice called the Focused Drug Therapy Review Program (FDTRP) in patients with endstage renal disease on hemodialysis. AB - DESIGN: A modified version of FDTRP, adapted for a hemodialysis population, was assessed for its impact on prescriber behavior. The impact was measured by examining the percentage of pharmacist therapeutic recommendations accepted and implemented by the prescriber. AB - SETTING: Thirty patients at a university hospital-based outpatient hemodialysis unit participated in the study. Twenty-four patients completed the study through the implementation evaluation. AB - RESULTS: The pharmacist generated 114 therapeutic recommendations and 85 informative comments regarding drug therapy. The prescriber accepted 76 percent and implemented 70 percent of the therapeutic recommendations. The prescriber considered the informative comments to be helpful, even if the information was known previously. AB - CONCLUSIONS: The FDTRP has been shown to be useful in the care of chronic hemodialysis patients. In addition, the pharmacist was able to provide clinically important recommendations in a closely monitored patient population. IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1994 Mar DC - 19940630 YR - 1994 ED - 19940630 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8193417 <650. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7510314 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Giannini AJ FA - Giannini, A J IN - Giannini,A J. Department of Corporate Medical Director, Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., Austintown, OH. TI - Tangential symbols: using visual symbolization to teach pharmacological principles of drug addiction to international audiences. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 33(12):1139-46, 1993 Dec. AS - J Clin Pharmacol. 33(12):1139-46, 1993 Dec. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ht9, 0366372 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Art MH - *Audiovisual Aids MH - Functional Laterality MH - Humans MH - Language MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - Physicians MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Teaching/mt [Methods] AB - Visual art was used to teach the biopsychiatric model of addiction to audiences in the Caribbean, Europe and Mideast. Art slides were tangentially linked to slides of pharmacological data. Stylistically dense art was processed by the intuitive right brain while spare notational pharmacological data was processed by the intellectual (rationalistic) left brain. Simultaneous presentation of these data enhanced attention and retention. This teaching paradigm was based on the nonliterate methods developed by Medieval architects and refined by Italian Renaissance philosopher, Marsilio Ficino. IS - 0091-2700 IL - 0091-2700 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Dec DC - 19940413 YR - 1993 ED - 19940413 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7510314 <651. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10132150 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Warnock AC AU - Rimland D FA - Warnock, A C FA - Rimland, D IN - Warnock,A C. Mercer University, Southern School of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30338. TI - The provision of pharmaceutical care in a Veterans' Affairs Medical Center outpatient HIV clinic. SO - Hospital Pharmacy. 29(2):114-6, 119-20, 1994 Feb. AS - Hosp Pharm. 29(2):114-6, 119-20, 1994 Feb. NJ - Hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - g98, 0043175 SB - Health Administration Journals SB - AIDS/HIV Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Drug Interactions MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Georgia MH - *HIV Infections/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Hospitals, Veterans MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Outpatients MH - *Patient Care Team MH - Patient Compliance MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Treatment Outcome AB - Recognizing the unique needs and demands of HIV-infected patients, it was decided to implement pharmaceutical care in a VAMC outpatient HIV clinic. Services provided to the patients by the pharmacist include drug information, medication counseling with the help of educational handouts, and drug-related problem identification and resolution. The pharmacist also serves as a liaison between the patient and the VAMC outpatient pharmacy if conflicts arise. Services provided to the other members of the HIV clinic team include the provision of drug information and participation in clinical research. In addition, the HIV clinic provides a training site for pharmacy practice residents and Doctor of Pharmacy students on their ambulatory care rotation. IS - 0018-5787 IL - 0018-5787 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1994 Feb DC - 19940412 YR - 1994 ED - 19940412 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=10132150 <652. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1845593 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Annis HM FA - Annis, H M IN - Annis,H M. Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. TI - A cognitive-social learning approach to relapse: pharmacotherapy and relapse prevention counselling. [Review] [9 refs] SO - Alcohol & Alcoholism. Supplement. 1:527-30, 1991. AS - Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1:527-30, 1991. NJ - Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - aap, 8804836 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - *Alcoholism/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - *Alcoholism/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Cognition MH - *Counseling MH - *Cyanamide/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - *Learning MH - Recurrence AB - A cognitive-social learning model of relapse prevention, specifically Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks that has been applied to the problem of relapse in the substance abuse field. Theory and research within this approach are reviewed and future directions for research are suggested. It is proposed that the critical distinction drawn between treatment strategies aimed at "initiation" versus "maintenance" of behaviour change provides a theoretical framework for the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of alcohol problems. Pharmacological agents can be powerful in initiating a change in consumption, but if patients externally attribute to the drug the cause of their improvement, maintenance of improvement following withdrawal of the drug is likely to be poor. Relapse prevention counselling procedures, on the other hand, have been designed to provide self-attribution for change in drinking behaviour on the part of patients to promote maintenance of treatment effects. A combined approach using pharmacological agents (aimed at initiating a change in drinking) in conjunction with relapse prevention counselling procedures (aimed at fostering internal attribution and maintenance of change) should improve long-term outcome results. Available empirical evidence is presented. [References: 9] RN - 420-04-2 (Cyanamide) IS - 1358-6173 IL - 1358-6173 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1991 DC - 19931007 YR - 1991 ED - 19931007 RD - 20080226 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1845593 <653. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8329285 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - De Vries TP FA - De Vries, T P IN - De Vries,T P. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. TI - Presenting clinical pharmacology and therapeutics: evaluation of a problem based approach for choosing drug treatments. SO - British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 35(6):591-7, 1993 Jun. AS - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 35(6):591-7, 1993 Jun. NJ - British journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - au9, 7503323 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1381601 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Clinical Clerkship MH - Curriculum MH - Decision Making MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Humans MH - Netherlands MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] AB - Between 1983 and 1989 three studies were conducted to determine whether the ability of senior medical students to choose drug treatments rationally had improved. This period spanned the implementation of a course in pharmacotherapeutics which trained students to use a systematic problem-based approach to choosing and prescribing drugs. The results show that in the short-term students remembered how to choose drugs rationally for cases known to them (retention effect), but had difficulties in transferring what had been learned to similar but different problems (transfer effect). In the medium-term a retention effect was shown for all three aspects of choice (drug, dosage and duration), and a transfer effect for choosing a dosage and duration when solving almost all types of patient problems used in the study. Transfer of the ability to choose a drug was less easily demonstrable. Compared with control students rational choices of trained students increased significantly for all aspects of drug choice, and almost all patient problems used in the study, whether or not they had been discussed. Possible causes for not finding a full transfer effect are: the intervention (course) may have been too short; there was sufficient knowledge about drugs but a lack of understanding of basic pharmacological concepts; or there was no reinforcement of the problem-based approach during clinical clerkships. IS - 0306-5251 IL - 0306-5251 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Jun DC - 19930819 YR - 1993 ED - 19930819 RD - 20130919 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8329285 <654. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8329284 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - De Vries TP FA - De Vries, T P IN - De Vries,T P. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. TI - Presenting clinical pharmacology and therapeutics: the course in pharmacotherapeutics. SO - British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 35(6):587-90, 1993 Jun. AS - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 35(6):587-90, 1993 Jun. NJ - British journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - au9, 7503323 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1381600 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Curriculum MH - Decision Making MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Humans MH - Netherlands MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ed [Education] MH - Problem Solving MH - Teaching AB - To aid the rational choice and prescribing of drugs a normative (ideal) problem-solving model was developed, and based on this model a course in pharmacotherapeutics for small groups of fifth year medical students was developed. The general objective is that students will learn the skills required to choose and prescribe drugs rationally. The program consists of about 10 plenary sessions and the principle role of the teacher is to guide the process. The main teaching methods are: Modified Essay Questions (MEQ), explanatory exercises and practical training sessions. Special teaching materials have been developed. For the examination the Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) is used. IS - 0306-5251 IL - 0306-5251 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Jun DC - 19930819 YR - 1993 ED - 19930819 RD - 20130919 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8329284 <655. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1304593 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Beers MH AU - Fingold SF AU - Ouslander JG FA - Beers, M H FA - Fingold, S F FA - Ouslander, J G IN - Beers,M H. Merck and Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486. TI - A computerized system for identifying and informing physicians about problematic drug use in nursing homes. SO - Journal of Medical Systems. 16(6):237-45, 1992 Dec. AS - J Med Syst. 16(6):237-45, 1992 Dec. NJ - Journal of medical systems PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - izm, 7806056 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems MH - Data Display MH - Drug Information Services MH - *Drug Utilization MH - Health Services Misuse MH - Homes for the Aged/st [Standards] MH - Medication Systems MH - *Nursing Homes/st [Standards] MH - Software MH - United States MH - User-Computer Interface MH - *Utilization Review AB - With growing concern over the quality of medication use in nursing homes, physicians, administrators, pharmacists, and regulators are looking for effective and efficient methods to improve it. Pharmacy consultation alone appears to be ineffective in controlling the use of inappropriate drugs. We describe here a computerized drug utilization review system designed for use in nursing homes. The system evaluates the appropriateness of medication use by criteria developed through the consensus of experts in geriatrics and specifically designed to address the pharmacological needs of elderly, nursing home residents. The program not only determines the frequency of inappropriate prescriptions, but produces written, educational statements to be given to prescribing physicians. These statements can also be given to nurses to educate them about issues in geriatrics pharmacology. Additionally, the system produces medication order forms that may help focus physicians' attention on the need to evaluate drugs individually. IS - 0148-5598 IL - 0148-5598 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1992 Dec DC - 19930708 YR - 1992 ED - 19930708 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1304593 <656. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8501992 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kimberlin CL AU - Berardo DH AU - Pendergast JF AU - McKenzie LC FA - Kimberlin, C L FA - Berardo, D H FA - Pendergast, J F FA - McKenzie, L C IN - Kimberlin,C L. Department of Pharmacy Health Care Administration, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610. TI - Effects of an education program for community pharmacists on detecting drug-related problems in elderly patients. SO - Medical Care. 31(5):451-68, 1993 May. AS - Med Care. 31(5):451-68, 1993 May. NJ - Medical care PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0230027, lsm SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Aged MH - Counseling MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - *Education, Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - Female MH - Florida MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Professional-Patient Relations MH - Time Factors AB - Community pharmacists are in a position to assume increased responsibility for preventing and resolving drug-related problems in ambulatory patients. Such an expanded role is mandated under provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. The need for pharmacist oversight of drug therapy may be most acute in elderly patients. This study reports on a program to teach community pharmacists a process of assessing drug therapy of elderly patients and intervening to correct problems. Community pharmacists (N = 102) were assigned to treatment and control conditions. Both groups targeted patients meeting criteria and enrolled them into the study. Treatment group pharmacists, who participated in a training program, also assessed the medication use of enrolled patients to identify and resolve medication-related problems. Patients (N = 762) were telephoned by researchers 1 month after enrollment for an interview. Comparisons between treatment and control group patients were made on reports of pharmacist activities, knowledge of regimens, compliance, and potential drug therapy problems, such as interactions and side effects. Treatment patients were more likely to report that pharmacists provided information and assessed for problems than were control patients. These differences were maintained on 3-month follow-up questionnaires. No differences were found on the odds that patients indicated misunderstanding of regimens, non-compliance, or potential therapeutic problems. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 0025-7079 IL - 0025-7079 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1993 May DC - 19930701 YR - 1993 ED - 19930701 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8501992 <657. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8480787 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Briceland LL AU - Hamilton RA AU - Kane MP FA - Briceland, L L FA - Hamilton, R A FA - Kane, M P IN - Briceland,L L. Albany College of Pharmacy, NY 12208. TI - Pharmacy students' experience with identifying and solving drug-related problems during clinical clerkship. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 50(2):294-6, 1993 Feb. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 50(2):294-6, 1993 Feb. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Clinical Clerkship/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Curriculum MH - Drug Therapy/mt [Methods] MH - *Education, Pharmacy/og [Organization & Administration] MH - New York MH - Problem Solving MH - Program Evaluation IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Feb DC - 19930521 YR - 1993 ED - 19930521 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8480787 <658. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1298948 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Opdycke RA AU - Ascione FJ AU - Shimp LA AU - Rosen RI FA - Opdycke, R A FA - Ascione, F J FA - Shimp, L A FA - Rosen, R I TI - A systematic approach to educating elderly patients about their medications. SO - Patient Education & Counseling. 19(1):43-60, 1992 Feb. AS - Patient Educ Couns. 19(1):43-60, 1992 Feb. NJ - Patient education and counseling PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - pec, 8406280 SB - Nursing Journal CP - IRELAND MH - *Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Drug Therapy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance MH - *Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Patient Satisfaction MH - Pharmacists MH - Self Administration AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a pharmacist-initiated, total package, patient education program based on the concepts described in the PRECEDE model. This program was directed towards 94 therapeutically complex elderly patients and consisted of a medication history, therapeutic evaluation, patient education needs assessment, patient education session, and a patient feedback/satisfaction telephone interview. Pharmacists identified on average 5.6 medication-related problems and provided an average of 6.2 recommendations. Problems commonly identified involved inadequate drug knowledge (25.5%), noncompliance (22.7%), and inappropriate drug use (17.4%). Typical recommendations included altering drug use (35.9%), improving compliance behavior (18.1%), and improving communication with health professionals (18.1%). Patient satisfaction with the education session was overwhelmingly positive. Based on the findings of this study, it is apparent that a patient education program based on the PRECEDE model can be used successfully by pharmacists to prepare education plans that would benefit the therapeutically complex elderly patient. IS - 0738-3991 IL - 0738-3991 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1992 Feb DC - 19930513 YR - 1992 ED - 19930513 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1298948 <659. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8460079 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wells K AU - Brodell RT FA - Wells, K FA - Brodell, R T TI - Topical corticosteroid 'addiction'. A cause of perioral dermatitis. SO - Postgraduate Medicine. 93(5):225-30, 1993 Apr. AS - Postgrad Med. 93(5):225-30, 1993 Apr. NJ - Postgraduate medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0401147, pfk SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Administration, Topical MH - *Adrenal Cortex Hormones/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Adult MH - *Drug Eruptions/et [Etiology] MH - Drug Eruptions/pa [Pathology] MH - Drug Eruptions/th [Therapy] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Rosacea/ci [Chemically Induced] MH - Rosacea/pa [Pathology] MH - Rosacea/th [Therapy] MH - Skin/pa [Pathology] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/th [Therapy] MH - *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome AB - Acne rosacea, perioral dermatitis, and telangiectasia are all local side effects that can flare up when potent topical corticosteroids used on the face are withdrawn. The two cases of perioral dermatitis described here illustrate the nature of the addictive cycle caused by long-term use of these agents. To prevent side effects of topical corticosteroids used on the face, physicians need to avoid long-term prescriptions and shun superpotent agents entirely for this area. Pharmacists should not refill topical corticosteroid prescriptions without authorization. Patient education must emphasize the transient nature of flare-ups of itching and rash that occur when these agents are withdrawn. Systemic and topical antibiotics and corticosteroid-free antipruritics are the mainstays of therapy. RN - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones) IS - 0032-5481 IL - 0032-5481 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Apr DC - 19930427 YR - 1993 ED - 19930427 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8460079 <660. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8458678 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lin SH AU - Lin MS FA - Lin, S H FA - Lin, M S IN - Lin,S H. Department of Family Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. TI - A survey on drug-related hospitalization in a community teaching hospital. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, & Toxicology. 31(2):66-9, 1993 Feb. AS - Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 31(2):66-9, 1993 Feb. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8003415, gq0 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Decision Making MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - *Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Hospitals, Community MH - *Hospitals, Teaching MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Taiwan AB - We retrospectively studied 2,695 patients admitted to the Department of Medicine over a 10-month period in 1990 to determine the incidence of drug-related hospitalization. A drug-related problem was identified as the primary cause of hospitalization in 109 (4.0%) admissions. The incidence was significantly greater in the elderly group as compared with the non-elderly group (5.2% vs 3.2%). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hypoglycemic agents, herbal medicine, adrenocorticosteroids and antihypertensive drugs were most often involved. The five most common adverse events were upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, skin rashes, hypoglycemia, hypercorticism and hepatitis. Iatrogenic disease was fatal in 2 cases. Patients used drugs without medical supervision in 45 cases. In view of the increasing complexity of modern pharmacotherapy and the popularity of self-medication in our society, educational efforts should be enhanced for medical professionals and the general population to reduce the risk of drug-related hospitalization. IS - 0174-4879 IL - 0174-4879 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Feb DC - 19930423 YR - 1993 ED - 19930423 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8458678 <661. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8456049 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Weddington WW FA - Weddington, W W IN - Weddington,W W. Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. TI - Cocaine. Diagnosis and treatment. [Review] [32 refs] SO - Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 16(1):87-95, 1993 Mar. AS - Psychiatr Clin North Am. 16(1):87-95, 1993 Mar. NJ - The Psychiatric clinics of North America PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - pbn, 7708110 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Cocaine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Cocaine/po [Poisoning] MH - *Cocaine MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Substance-Related Disorders/co [Complications] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - Significant advances in our understanding the phenomenology of cocaine addiction have occurred in the past 12 years such that we now recognize addiction to cocaine as a major public health problem. We now can diagnose cocaine addiction more accurately. Furthermore, cocaine addiction has stimulated creation and testing of novel treatment efforts because standard addiction treatment, although efficacious, is not as effective for cocaine addiction as compared with other addictions. Much remains to be learned. We need to clarify symptoms and syndromes associated with cocaine addiction to more precisely delineate true "comorbidity." Special attention is needed to understand the course and response to treatment in women addicted to cocaine. Also, work is needed to clarify the interaction of HIV, cocaine, and pharmacotherapy used to treat HIV. Regarding treatment, effort is needed to better understand the interactions among educational, group, cognitive-behavioral, and pharmacologic interventions. Specific attention is needed regarding use of 12-step recovery programs adapted for cocaine addicts with comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, mood, and anxiety disorders. Finally, we need to better understand ways of attracting and holding cocaine addicts in treatment earlier in the course of their disorder. To that end, "nontraditional" interventions, such as acupuncture, deserve systematic examination as alternative methods of recruitment and intervention for certain populations of cocaine addicts. [References: 32] RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0193-953X IL - 0193-953X PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1993 Mar DC - 19930420 YR - 1993 ED - 19930420 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8456049 <662. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10124614 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Woloschuk DM AU - Nazeravich DR AU - Gray LJ AU - Larter JM FA - Woloschuk, D M FA - Nazeravich, D R FA - Gray, L J FA - Larter, J M IN - Woloschuk,D M. Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba. TI - Establishment of a bone marrow transplant satellite pharmacy. SO - Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 46(1):5-11, 1993 Feb. AS - Can J Hosp Pharm. 46(1):5-11, 1993 Feb. NJ - The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - d2k, 0215645 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - CANADA MH - *Bone Marrow Transplantation MH - Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over MH - Hospital Units/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Hospitals, Teaching/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Interdepartmental Relations MH - Manitoba MH - Medication Systems, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Oncology Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Patient Care Team MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Program Development/mt [Methods] AB - The planning, establishment and operation of a bone marrow transplant (B.M.T.) satellite pharmacy in a 1100-bed teaching hospital are described. The B.M.T. satellite pharmacy was established because of the specialized pharmaceutical care needs of this patient population with a high risk for drug-related problems. The satellite pharmacy, which is located within a 19-bed Oncology Unit, provides integrated clinical-distributive services (unit-dose, IV-admixture system) to all B.M.T. patients. The satellite is open 10.5 hours per day, seven days per week. Staff consists of three full-time equivalent (F.T.E.) staff pharmacists, a 0.5 F.T.E. technician, and one F.T.E. clinical pharmacist. Staff pharmacists rotate between provision of B.M.T. pharmacy services, and provision of pharmacy services for the provincial Home Parenteral Nutrition program. The pharmacists are responsible for all aspects of drug distribution and clinical services for B.M.T. patients. Additional drug distribution and clinical services are provided to other Oncology Unit patients. The establishment of a satellite pharmacy has provided unique opportunities for pharmaceutical care of the B.M.T. patient. IS - 0008-4123 IL - 0008-4123 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Feb DC - 19930416 YR - 1993 ED - 19930416 RD - 20091012 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=10124614 <663. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8427284 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Buck ML AU - Connor JJ AU - Snipes CJ AU - Hopper JE FA - Buck, M L FA - Connor, J J FA - Snipes, C J FA - Hopper, J E IN - Buck,M L. Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908. TI - Comprehensive pharmaceutical services for pediatric patients. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 50(1):78-84, 1993 Jan. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 50(1):78-84, 1993 Jan. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Child, Preschool MH - Forms and Records Control MH - Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over MH - Hospital Design and Construction MH - Hospitals, University/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Medication Systems, Hospital MH - *Patient Care Team MH - *Pediatrics/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Virginia AB - The development of comprehensive pharmaceutical services for pediatric patients at a tertiary-care teaching hospital is described. A team of three staff pharmacists, a clinical specialist, and supportive personnel was formed. A pediatric pharmacy, operating from 0800 to 2100 daily, was created in a separate area of the central pharmacy to focus on potential problems with pediatric dosage calculations and drug administration. The team staffs the pediatric pharmacy for 75% of its day and evening shifts. The pharmacy prepares the 24-hour unit dose supply for each nursing unit, processes new orders, and provides drug information and problem-solving services. Clinical services are provided by the decentralized pharmacist, a rotating member of the team who makes rounds each day to the pediatric nursing units to review patient charts, provide medication information, and answer questions. The pediatric clinical specialist conducts educational programs, provides consultations, maintains reference materials, monitors pharmacokinetic evaluations, reviews medication communication forms, and assists in developing medication administration procedures. The creation of a pediatric pharmacy and a pediatric pharmacy team that coordinates both dispensing and clinical functions has made it possible to provide comprehensive pharmaceutical services to pediatric patients. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1993 Jan DC - 19930302 YR - 1993 ED - 19930302 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8427284 <664. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1411696 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kafle KK AU - Gartoulla RP AU - Pradhan YM AU - Shrestha AD AU - Karkee SB AU - Quick JD FA - Kafle, K K FA - Gartoulla, R P FA - Pradhan, Y M FA - Shrestha, A D FA - Karkee, S B FA - Quick, J D IN - Kafle,K K. Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. TI - Drug retailer training: experiences from Nepal. SO - Social Science & Medicine. 35(8):1015-25, 1992 Oct. AS - Soc Sci Med. 35(8):1015-25, 1992 Oct. NJ - Social science & medicine (1982) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ut9, 8303205 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Costs and Cost Analysis MH - Curriculum MH - *Drug Industry MH - Education, Pharmacy/ec [Economics] MH - *Education, Pharmacy/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Medically Underserved Area MH - Nepal MH - Organizational Objectives MH - Private Sector MH - Program Development MH - *Self Medication AB - Sale of modern medicines by untrained peddlers, general merchants, and other drug sellers is common throughout the developing world. Drug sellers operating in the 'informal sector' are often the first source of health care outside the home. Reasons given by patients for using private drug sellers include expediency, convenience, efficacy of the medicines, dependability of supply, and reasonable cost. At the same time, self-medication through private drug sellers can be ineffective, wasteful, and at times distinctly harmful. Regulatory approaches to controlling drug selling in the informal sector, widely endorsed on paper through national drug control legislation, require a cadre of professional regulatory staff and enforcement mechanisms which are too often beyond the current economic and political reach of countries. In Nepal, where rugged terrain has limited infrastructure development, the doctor to population ratio is 1:23,000, utilization of government health services averages only 0.2 visits per person per year. Retail drug outlets outnumber health posts and health centers by a ratio of 4:1 and private drug sellers often offer the only access to modern medicine for much of the population. Community surveys have found that drug retailers are very often the first and only source of health care outside the home. Given the importance of retail drug outlets and the lack of trained pharmacists, the Department of Drug Administration in 1981 established a 45-hr course for drug retailers which emphasized practical training as well as formal teaching on pharmacology, ethics, storage of drugs, and legal issues. By the end of 1989, 4096 drug retailers had graduated from the course. Still run by the Ministry of Health Department of Drug Administration, the course has proven to be administratively feasible and has been quite popular with drug retailers. Initial reservations expressed by doctors and some pharmacists were soon overcome, and the course is now well accepted by professional groups. Because the course is offered in different locations, geographic coverage has also been very good despite Nepal's logistic constraints. The operating cost of the course averages about U.S. $18 per trainee. Informal evaluations have resulted in plans for refresher training more narrowly focused on safe dispensing and appropriate referral for a limited number of important public health problems. Since 50-90% of pharmaceutical expenditures typically pass through the informal private sector in developing countries, it is suggested that other countries consider focused drug retailer training as a response to the problems of manpower shortages and drug dispensing by unqualified staff. IS - 0277-9536 IL - 0277-9536 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1992 Oct DC - 19921119 YR - 1992 ED - 19921119 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1411696 <665. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1638916 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jones RT FA - Jones, R T IN - Jones,R T. Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143. TI - Alternative strategies. [Review] [23 refs] SO - Ciba Foundation Symposium. 166:224-32; discussion 232-41, 1992. AS - Ciba Found Symp. 166:224-32; discussion 232-41, 1992. NJ - Ciba Foundation symposium PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - d7x, 0356636 SB - Index Medicus CP - NETHERLANDS MH - *Cocaine MH - Humans MH - Prisons/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Public Policy MH - *Street Drugs/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Substance Abuse Detection/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - United States AB - Drug treatment alternatives in the United States are constrained by what is politically correct and expedient and by a federal policy of 'zero tolerance' for any illicit psychoactive drug use. A war on drugs will not solve all the problems posed by cocaine. Alternative strategies must address fundamental problems in ghetto life: violence, poverty, poor health, no education, no jobs, and few reasons for not taking drugs. Despite warnings of pharmacological determinism, cocaine is like other psychoactive drugs. Even with cocaine, when alternative behaviours are possible most people avoid out-of-control use. Public health strategies promoting a harm-reduction policy offer advantages. Recent reductions in cocaine use are a consequence of education, awareness of good health practices, and interest in other activities. Alternatives could include cocaine in a safer, non-lethal and controllable form but are unlikely in a political climate where politics and law prevail rather than medicine and humanity. [References: 23] RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0300-5208 IL - 0300-5208 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - DA00053 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA01696 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1992 DC - 19920903 YR - 1992 ED - 19920903 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1638916 <666. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1637476 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Khan I FA - Khan, I TI - Pharmacy education and drug abuse in Pakistan. SO - World Health Forum. 13(1):57-8, 1992. AS - World Health Forum. 13(1):57-8, 1992. NJ - World health forum PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8010746, ad2 SB - Index Medicus CP - SWITZERLAND MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Legislation, Drug MH - Pakistan MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] IS - 0251-2432 IL - 0251-2432 PT - Letter LG - English DP - 1992 DC - 19920903 YR - 1992 ED - 19920903 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1637476 <667. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1623895 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ohman B AU - Lyrvall H AU - Tornqvist E AU - Alvan G AU - Sjoqvist F FA - Ohman, B FA - Lyrvall, H FA - Tornqvist, E FA - Alvan, G FA - Sjoqvist, F IN - Ohman,B. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. TI - Clinical pharmacology and the provision of drug information. SO - European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 42(6):563-7, 1992. AS - Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 42(6):563-7, 1992. NJ - European journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - en4, 1256165 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY MH - Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems/ec [Economics] MH - Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems/st [Standards] MH - Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems/td [Trends] MH - *Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems MH - *Databases, Factual MH - Forecasting MH - Quality Control MH - Sweden AB - Clinical pharmacologists have a service role in the provision of drug information to individuals both in hospitals and primary health care. We present here a systematic approach in answering questions in a drug information centre (DIC), and describe the working method and the documentation of the work in a question answer (Q/A) data base. Drugline is a full-text data base offering problem-oriented drug evaluation comparable to a clinical consultation. The drug information is produced in a non-commercial drug information centre sponsored by the national health care sector and the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies, and run jointly by clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists. A minor part of Drugline is available in English for online searching, in parallel with Medline at the database host, the Medical Information Centre at the Karolinska Institute Library and Information Centre, and the users represent mainly medical libraries, hospital pharmacies, university clinics, and the pharmaceutical industry. A network of DICs has been organized in Swedish university hospitals with access to Drugline for searching and the storage of questions and answers. This network has the potential for expansion throughout Europe. It offers the unique possibility of complementing drug product information with problem-oriented drug information emerging from cases in the real world of prescribing. IS - 0031-6970 IL - 0031-6970 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1992 DC - 19920810 YR - 1992 ED - 19920810 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1623895 <668. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1376362 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Strain EC AU - Preston KL AU - Liebson IA AU - Bigelow GE FA - Strain, E C FA - Preston, K L FA - Liebson, I A FA - Bigelow, G E IN - Strain,E C. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. TI - Acute effects of buprenorphine, hydromorphone and naloxone in methadone-maintained volunteers. SO - Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics. 261(3):985-93, 1992 Jun. AS - J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 261(3):985-93, 1992 Jun. NJ - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jp3, 0376362 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - *Buprenorphine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Cognition/de [Drug Effects] MH - Drug Interactions MH - Hemodynamics/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - *Hydromorphone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Injections, Intramuscular MH - Male MH - *Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Naloxone/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Psychomotor Performance/de [Drug Effects] MH - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist being evaluated for treatment of opioid dependence. This study characterized the effects of buprenorphine in comparison to naloxone, hydromorphone and saline, in methadone-dependent volunteers. In a residential laboratory, 6 volunteer male opioid abusers maintained on 30 mg of methadone daily underwent pharmacological challenges 2 to 3 times per week. Pharmacological challenges consisted of a double-blind i.m. injection of: buprenorphine (dose range 0.5-8.0 mg), hydromorphone (5 and 10 mg), naloxone (0.1 and 0.2 mg) or saline. Injections were given 20 hr after the last dose of methadone. Measures included physiologic indices, and self-report and observer ratings of drug effects. Naloxone and hydromorphone produced characteristic antagonist-like and agonist-like effects, respectively, on subjective, observer and physiologic indices. None of the doses of buprenorphine were consistently or systematically identified as an opioid agonist or antagonist on any of the measures. Thus buprenorphine produced minimal effects in methadone-dependent patients. The lack of agonist effects suggests buprenorphine has a low abuse potential in methadone-dependent patients. The lack of antagonist effects suggests buprenorphine can be administered safely to subjects dependent on a low dose of methadone. This lack of effect of buprenorphine distinguishes it from other mixed agonist antagonists previously tested, which produced antagonist effects in this procedure. RN - 36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone) RN - 40D3SCR4GZ (Buprenorphine) RN - Q812464R06 (Hydromorphone) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0022-3565 IL - 0022-3565 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - K02 DA00050 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - R01 DA04089 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - T32 DA07209 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1992 Jun DC - 19920714 YR - 1992 ED - 19920714 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1376362 <669. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1595740 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Briceland LL AU - Kane MP AU - Hamilton RA FA - Briceland, L L FA - Kane, M P FA - Hamilton, R A IN - Briceland,L L. Albany College of Pharmacy, and Clinical Pharmacists, Samuel S. Stratton Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NY. TI - Evaluation of patient-care interventions by Pharm.D. clerkship students. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 49(5):1130-2, 1992 May. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 49(5):1130-2, 1992 May. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Clinical Clerkship MH - Drug Therapy/ec [Economics] MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Graduate MH - Hospitals, Veterans/ma [Manpower] MH - Humans MH - New York MH - *Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/ma [Manpower] MH - Program Evaluation MH - *Students, Pharmacy AB - A program is described in which Pharm.D. clerkship students provide pharmaceutical care by identifying drug-related problems, suggesting interventions to solve the problems, and documenting the patient's outcome. Four doctor of pharmacy degree students under the direct guidance of a clinical pharmacy preceptor suggested 231 patient-care interventions during their clinical rotations; 219 (94.8%) of the interventions were either fully or partially accepted by the prescriber. The most commonly solved drug-related problems were underdose (31.5%) and overdose (17.4%), followed by untreated indications (14.1%) and drug given without indication (13.7%). The remainder of the drug-related problems that the students solved were improper drug selection, failure to receive drug, adverse drug reactions, or drug interactions. All but 10 interventions were considered by preceptors to be significant contributions to patient care. The interventions were estimated to have decreased drug costs in 50.7% of the cases, increased drug costs in 23.7% of the cases, and not changed drug costs in 25.6% of the cases. Patient outcomes were documented by the students in 58.9% of cases; the desired goals of the accepted intervention were achieved in all documented cases. A preceptor-supervised intervention program was beneficial to Pharm.D. students and patients and was well received by prescribers. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1992 May DC - 19920702 YR - 1992 ED - 19920702 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1595740 <670. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1593391 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Belcastro PA FA - Belcastro, P A IN - Belcastro,P A. BMCC-City University, New York. TI - Pedagogical patronizing of the pharmacodynamic promises of illicit drugs. [Review] [13 refs] SO - Journal of Drug Education. 22(1):9-13, 1992. AS - J Drug Educ. 22(1):9-13, 1992. NJ - Journal of drug education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jl7, 1300031 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Curriculum MH - Drug Contamination MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - Risk Factors MH - Street Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Street Drugs/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/bl [Blood] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Textbooks as Topic AB - A review of popular drug education textbooks and curricula indicated most juxtapose the physiologic effects of licitly manufactured drugs under headings representing illicitly prepared drugs. This misrepresentation ignores the literature, which is undivided, in reporting that illicit drugs contain adulterants and substitutes such as: sodium acetate, sodium cyclamate, dolomite, acetaminophen, gypsum, mannitol, inositol, lidocaine, amydricaine, benzocaine, caffeine, ephedrine, intercaine, phenylpropanolamine, piperocaine, procainamide, azopyridine, bromodiphenhydramine, ibuprofen, methaqualone, phenobarital trazodone, acetylcodine, codeine, quinine, quinidine, thallium, arsenic and strychnine. The temptation to extrapolate the results of licitly pure drug lots administered at precisely measured doses to represent the pharmacodynamics of illegally prepared drug lots administered at indiscernible doses must be avoided in drug educational resources. There is a pressing need to correct the factual base, both implied and suggestive, of drug education resources regarding the purity and toxicity of illicitly manufactured and purchased drugs. [References: 13] RN - 0 (Street Drugs) IS - 0047-2379 IL - 0047-2379 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1992 DC - 19920626 YR - 1992 ED - 19920626 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1593391 <671. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1314015 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Halikas JA AU - Kuhn KL AU - Crea FS AU - Carlson GA AU - Crosby R FA - Halikas, J A FA - Kuhn, K L FA - Crea, F S FA - Carlson, G A FA - Crosby, R IN - Halikas,J A. University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis. TI - Treatment of crack cocaine use with carbamazepine. SO - American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. 18(1):45-56, 1992. AS - Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 18(1):45-56, 1992. NJ - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3gw, 7502510 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - *Carbamazepine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Crack Cocaine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Crack Cocaine MH - Day Care, Medical MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Heroin Dependence/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] AB - Crack is a rock crystalline alkaloid form of cocaine which can be smoked. At the University of Minnesota, we have developed an experimental pharmacologic treatment for cocaine abusers. Of 26 patients treated to date, 16 have been crack cocaine users. During the hundred days preceding treatment, the 16 crack subjects used cocaine by all routes an average of 71 days each. Improvement was based on a self-reported decrease in cocaine frequency of use. Using carbamazepine, seven highly successful and six partially successful patients reduced their use to 0.7 days and 26 days per 100 days, respectively. These results, though hopeful, must be viewed with caution and considered preliminary and tentative. RN - 0 (Crack Cocaine) RN - 33CM23913M (Carbamazepine) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0095-2990 IL - 0095-2990 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1992 DC - 19920511 YR - 1992 ED - 19920511 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1314015 <672. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1560662 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Long P AU - Gelfand G FA - Long, P FA - Gelfand, G IN - Long,P. Department of Family & Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794. TI - Alcohol education as primary prevention in health care. SO - Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 53(2):101-5, 1992 Mar. AS - J. stud. alcohol. 53(2):101-5, 1992 Mar. NJ - Journal of studies on alcohol PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7503813 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Alcoholism/co [Complications] MH - Alcoholism/nu [Nursing] MH - *Alcoholism/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Awareness MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Nursing MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nursing Assessment MH - *Patient Education as Topic AB - The purpose of this survey research was to identify practicing nurses' knowledge about the biophysiological and psychosocial components of alcohol and its pharmacological effects. Additionally, data were gathered with the intent of assisting nurses in the early identification of and intervention with individuals at risk for the disease of alcoholism. The study consisted of a convenience sample of 298 practicing nurses employed by community hospitals that had been identified as having no specific treatment program for chemical dependency. The investigation obtained self-reported information by means of a questionnaire. The instrument elicited both demographics and the answers to 25 fixed alternative questions designed to obtain information in nine topic areas. Findings indicated that 66% of the nurses incorrectly answered questions aimed at correlating population statistics to the disease of alcoholism and its physiological effects. Questions about knowledge of the pharmacological properties of alcohol were answered incorrectly by 93% of the participants. One-way analysis of variance was computed to compare the total score for each of the variables listed. Conclusions document a critical need for increased alcohol education in basic nursing programs. Content related to the pharmacological properties, the disease concept and the biophysiological and psychosocial effects of alcohol should be included in curriculum design. IS - 0096-882X IL - 0096-882X PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1992 Mar DC - 19920511 YR - 1992 ED - 19920511 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1560662 <673. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1558308 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nystrom M AU - Perasalo J AU - Salaspuro M FA - Nystrom, M FA - Perasalo, J FA - Salaspuro, M IN - Nystrom,M. Finnish Student Health Service, Helsinki. TI - Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum as a possible indicator of heavy drinking in young university students. SO - Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 16(1):93-7, 1992 Feb. AS - Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 16(1):93-7, 1992 Feb. NJ - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 35x, 7707242 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking/bl [Blood] MH - Alcohol Drinking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Alcoholism/bl [Blood] MH - Alcoholism/di [Diagnosis] MH - Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Finland/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Students/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Students MH - Temperance MH - *Transferrin/aa [Analogs & Derivatives] MH - Transferrin/me [Metabolism] AB - Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum was studied as a possible marker of heavy drinking in a sample of 187 female and 102 male 1st year university students from Finland. CDT was measured by a new radioimmunoassay (Pharmacia CDT RIA). Alcohol consumption was measured on a quantity-frequency scale. For female students CDT was 18.2 +/- 0.45 units/liter (mean +/- SEM) and for male students 13.3 +/- 0.48 units/liter. 9.6% of female students and 7.8% of male students had elevated CDT with a cut-off level of 26 units/liter for females and 20 units/liter for males. The correlation between CDT and reported alcohol consumption was 0.30 (p less than 0.001) for females and 0.25 (p = 0.014) for males. Those reporting a consumption of at least 10 kg of pure ethanol per year were considered as heavy drinkers (3.7% of females and 22.5% of males). In female students the average CDT of heavy drinkers did not differ significantly from that of social drinkers but in teetotalers CDT was significantly (p less than 0.03) lower than in female alcohol users. In male students the average CDT of heavy drinkers was higher than the average of social drinkers (p less than 0.1) and significantly higher than the average of teetotalers (p less than 0.001). In the detection of heavy drinking among male students elevated CDT had a specificity of 96.2% and a sensitivity of 21.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) RN - 0 (Transferrin) RN - 0 (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) IS - 0145-6008 IL - 0145-6008 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1992 Feb DC - 19920504 YR - 1992 ED - 19920504 RD - 20111117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1558308 <674. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1554950 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Holdsworth MT AU - Raisch DW FA - Holdsworth, M T FA - Raisch, D W IN - Holdsworth,M T. College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131. TI - Availability of narcotics and pharmacists' attitudes toward narcotic prescriptions for cancer patients. SO - Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 26(3):321-6, 1992 Mar. AS - Ann Pharmacother. 26(3):321-6, 1992 Mar. NJ - The Annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bbx, 9203131 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - *Narcotics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - New Mexico MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine narcotic availability and pharmacist apprehension toward dispensing narcotics for cancer patients. AB - DESIGN: Mailing of a one-page survey. AB - SETTING: All pharmacies in the state of New Mexico. AB - PARTICIPANTS: Of the 309 pharmacies, 76.1 percent (235) completed the survey. AB - MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Apprehension was significantly elevated for methadone, hydromorphone, and for morphine doses greater than 500 mg/d (p less than 0.001). The most common reasons listed for apprehension were forgery (46.4 percent), theft (40.4 percent), high dosages (23.8 percent), narcotic investigations (18.7 percent), and patient addiction (9.4 percent). Hydromorphone was available (in stock) in 80.5 percent of the pharmacies, followed by morphine 30-mg sustained-release tablets (64.5 percent) and methadone (53.4 percent). The vast majority of pharmacists were willing to order strong narcotics for specific patients. Pharmacists working in chain stores expressed a higher level of apprehension toward dispensing methadone and more frequently cited forgery as a reason for apprehension. Distance from a metropolitan area and practice setting best predicted apprehension to forgery (p = 0.01). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists do not appear to be a major obstruction to adequate analgesia for cancer patients in New Mexico but may require further education regarding lack of narcotic addiction and dosing in patients with cancer. RN - 0 (Narcotics) IS - 1060-0280 IL - 1060-0280 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1992 Mar DC - 19920501 YR - 1992 ED - 19920501 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1554950 <675. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1801577 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hallman J AU - von Knorring L AU - Edman G AU - Oreland L FA - Hallman, J FA - von Knorring, L FA - Edman, G FA - Oreland, L IN - Hallman,J. Academic Hospital, University of Uppsala, Sweden. TI - Personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in alcoholic women. SO - Addictive Behaviors. 16(6):533-41, 1991. AS - Addict Behav. 16(6):533-41, 1991. NJ - Addictive behaviors PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 2gw, 7603486 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - *Alcoholism/bl [Blood] MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - Alcoholism/th [Therapy] MH - Extraversion (Psychology) MH - Female MH - Hospitalization MH - Hostility MH - Humans MH - Impulsive Behavior MH - Male MH - *Monoamine Oxidase/bl [Blood] MH - *Personality MH - Sex Factors AB - Twenty-nine women, sent to an inpatient treatment facility for rehabilitation and social training after treatment for heavy alcohol abuse, were compared with 29 female students of pharmacy or medicine with regard to platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and extraversion-impulsivity and anxiety-proneness personality traits. The alcoholic females were found to have slightly lower platelet MAO activity than the controls, the difference being considerably smaller than that previously found between male alcoholics and male controls. The personality pattern of the female alcoholics is in line with that previously found in alcoholic males. Thus, the female alcoholics were characterized by high anxiety proneness, impulsive acting-out behaviour, sensation seeking, social withdrawal, and a hostile attitude. RN - EC 1-4-3-4 (Monoamine Oxidase) IS - 0306-4603 IL - 0306-4603 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1991 DC - 19920417 YR - 1991 ED - 19920417 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1801577 <676. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1662985 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Trujillo KA AU - Akil H FA - Trujillo, K A FA - Akil, H IN - Trujillo,K A. Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0720. TI - Opiate tolerance and dependence: recent findings and synthesis. [Review] [80 refs] SO - New Biologist. 3(10):915-23, 1991 Oct. AS - New Biol. 3(10):915-23, 1991 Oct. NJ - The New biologist PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - azh, 9000976 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Animals MH - Calcium/me [Metabolism] MH - Dizocilpine Maleate/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Drug Tolerance MH - Endorphins/ph [Physiology] MH - GTP-Binding Proteins/ph [Physiology] MH - Gene Expression Regulation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Learning/ph [Physiology] MH - Male MH - Models, Biological MH - Narcotics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Narcotics/me [Metabolism] MH - *Narcotics/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Narcotics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Neuronal Plasticity MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/ge [Genetics] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/me [Metabolism] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders MH - Pro-Opiomelanocortin/bi [Biosynthesis] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains MH - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] MH - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/de [Drug Effects] MH - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/ph [Physiology] MH - Receptors, Opioid/de [Drug Effects] MH - Receptors, Opioid/ge [Genetics] MH - Receptors, Opioid/ph [Physiology] MH - Second Messenger Systems/de [Drug Effects] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/ge [Genetics] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/me [Metabolism] AB - Recent studies have led to a greater understanding of the behavioral, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying opiate tolerance and physical dependence. Behavioral studies have demonstrated that both direct pharmacological effects and the learning of interactions between drug effects and environmental cues are important in these phenomena. Behavioral studies have also revealed that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors may play a role in their development (or acquisition). Although in early cellular studies no consistent role was found for opioid receptors or endogenous opioid peptides in opiate tolerance and dependence, recent experiments suggest that beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin neurons may indeed have a role. Finally, studies at the molecular level suggest that a functional decoupling of opioid receptors from GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) may be important. In this review, we discuss these disparate findings and present a synthesis that shows how they might together contribute to the phenomena of opiate tolerance and physical dependence. [References: 80] RN - 0 (Endorphins) RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) RN - 0 (Receptors, Opioid) RN - 66796-54-1 (Pro-Opiomelanocortin) RN - 6LR8C1B66Q (Dizocilpine Maleate) RN - EC 3-6-1 (GTP-Binding Proteins) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) IS - 1043-4674 IL - 1043-4674 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - DA02265 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA05336 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1991 Oct DC - 19920225 YR - 1991 ED - 19920225 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1662985 <677. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1722370 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bressler LR AU - Geraci MC AU - Schatz BS FA - Bressler, L R FA - Geraci, M C FA - Schatz, B S IN - Bressler,L R. Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612. TI - Misperceptions and inadequate pain management in cancer patients. [Review] [36 refs] SO - DICP. 25(11):1225-30, 1991 Nov. AS - DICP. 25(11):1225-30, 1991 Nov. NJ - DICP : the annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8904338, xs4 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Analgesics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Analgesics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Drug Tolerance MH - Humans MH - Narcotics/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Narcotics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Neoplasms/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Pain, Intractable/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Palliative Care/st [Standards] MH - Pharmacists MH - Substance-Related Disorders AB - This article examines misperceptions and barriers to adequate pain relief in cancer patients. Healthcare professionals have gaps in their knowledge of opioid drugs as well as misconceptions concerning tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction that often lead to the underprescribing of these agents. The pervasiveness of the "say no to drugs" message in our society and the fear of addiction on the part of patients and their families creates yet another barrier to the legitimate use of opioids to treat cancer pain. Legal and regulatory documents filled with arbitrary and ill-defined labels meant to promote the legitimate use of these drugs and curtail their misuse may instead intimidate healthcare professionals and negatively influence prescribing habits. Increased educational efforts for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals as well as the development of clinical role models and state cancer pain initiatives are cited as means to break down these barriers in order to achieve adequate pain relief for all cancer patients. [References: 36] RN - 0 (Analgesics) RN - 0 (Narcotics) IS - 1042-9611 IL - 1042-9611 PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1991 Nov DC - 19920212 YR - 1991 ED - 19920212 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1722370 <678. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1747816 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - MacDonald RM AU - MacInnis WA FA - MacDonald, R M FA - MacInnis, W A IN - MacDonald,R M. Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. TI - The issues of chemical dependency in dentistry. [Review] [23 refs] SO - Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 57(11):873-4, 876, 1991 Nov. AS - J Can Dent Assoc. 57(11):873-4, 876, 1991 Nov. NJ - Journal (Canadian Dental Association) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7907605, chc SB - Dental Journals SB - Index Medicus CP - CANADA MH - Canada/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Dentists MH - Humans MH - Prevalence MH - *Professional Impairment MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - The problem of chemical dependency is a topical issue in society today. With the increase in the number and types of prescription drugs, the proliferation of illegal drugs, and easy access to alcohol, chemical dependency has no socioeconomic boundaries. Professionals, blue collar workers and students, both male and female, are susceptible to the problem. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on chemical dependency as it relates to the profession of dentistry. It will also look at the definition, prevalence, etiology, recognition, treatment and prevention of chemical dependency. Most of the evidence from the literature indicates that chemical dependency is a disease; it is treatable and can be prevented. The treatment of the disease requires the input of support groups at the professional level as well as at student level. The prevention of chemical dependency must begin in the curricula of dental schools with emphasis on the pharmacology and interaction of drugs. [References: 23] IS - 0709-8936 IL - 0709-8936 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1991 Nov DC - 19920121 YR - 1991 ED - 19920121 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1747816 <679. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2103870 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Soumerai SB AU - McLaughlin TJ AU - Avorn J FA - Soumerai, S B FA - McLaughlin, T J FA - Avorn, J IN - Soumerai,S B. Harvard Medical School, Department of Social Medicine, Boston, MA 02115. TI - Quality assurance for drug prescribing. [Review] [57 refs] SO - Quality Assurance in Health Care. 2(1):37-58, 1990. AS - Qual Assur Health Care. 2(1):37-58, 1990. NJ - Quality assurance in health care : the official journal of the International Society for Quality Assurance in Health Care / ISQA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9001007, a6w SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Drug Information Services/ut [Utilization] MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Drug Utilization/st [Standards] MH - Health Services Research/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/st [Standards] MH - Primary Health Care/st [Standards] MH - *Quality Assurance, Health Care MH - Teaching Materials MH - United States AB - This article reports the results of a critical analysis of English-language studies describing programs designed to improve physician prescribing behavior in primary care settings. Only 64% of studies met minimum research design standards, and are the basis for the results reported. The overall findings of the review confirm the conclusions of a previous evaluation of hospital-based studies. (1) The simple dissemination of printed educational materials had no detectable effect on prescribing practice when used alone in well-controlled studies. However, such educational materials do lay a necessary foundation for more personalized educational efforts. (2) Merely distributing computerized listings of patient-specific medication profiles, without specific recommendations for change, is ineffective in reducing overall drug costs or use of inappropriate drugs. Their lack of effect may be due to the large quantity and clinical irrelevance of such data. (3) Continuous computerized reminder systems have been shown to prevent omission of essential care, although such systems are effective only as long as reminders continue. This strategy has not been evaluated for its potential to reduce excessive or inappropriate drug prescribing. (4) Repeated feedback to physicians with specific suggestions for alternative agents has been shown to increase use of generic drugs in academic group practice settings. No adequate studies have tested whether this approach might reduce other types of misprescribing. Also in academic primary care settings, small group tutorials have been shown to improve use of antibiotics and hypertension treatment control. (5) A substantial literature in the U.S. and Canada supports the conclusion that brief, face-to-face educational outreach visits, conducted by either specially trained clinical pharmacists or physician "counsellors" and "opinion leaders", are effective in reducing prescribing of inefficient or contraindicated drugs in pediatric and adult primary care settings. These face-to-face approaches emphasize a tactful, supportive and facilitative role; in some cases, emphasis is put on helping physicians overcome barriers to appropriate prescribing (e.g. patient demand or addiction to minor tranquilizers). Most effective programs also utilize professionally credible sponsors and high-quality educational materials. In addition to improving quality, some programs have been found to produce savings in drug use which exceed the operational costs of the program. [References: 57] IS - 1040-6166 IL - 1040-6166 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1990 DC - 19911011 YR - 1990 ED - 19911011 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2103870 <680. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1870356 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Petkov VD AU - Konstantinova ER AU - Petkov VV AU - Vaglenova JV FA - Petkov, V D FA - Konstantinova, E R FA - Petkov, V V FA - Vaglenova, J V IN - Petkov,V D. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. TI - Learning and memory in rats exposed pre- and postnatally to alcohol. An attempt at pharmacological control. SO - Methods & Findings in Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology. 13(1):43-50, 1991 Jan-Feb. AS - Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 13(1):43-50, 1991 Jan-Feb. NJ - Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - lzn, 7909595 SB - Index Medicus CP - SPAIN MH - Animals MH - Animals, Suckling MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - *Ethanol/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Female MH - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - *Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - Male MH - *Memory/de [Drug Effects] MH - Pregnancy MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Psychotropic Drugs/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains AB - Using conditioned-reflex methods for active and passive avoidance with punishment reinforcement, we found pronounced memory deficits in 12-week old rats exposed perinatally to alcohol (FAS rats). Impairment of memory was observed not only with the high dose of 9 g ethanol/kg body weight (ingested with tap water in a 6% solution) to which dams were exposed during pregnancy and lactation, but also with the ten-fold lower dose of 1 g ethanol/kg body weight (0.6% ethanol). The nootropic drugs citicholine, piracetam and meclofenoxate administered orally for five days before the training session were effective in decreasing memory deficits; particularly pronounced was the effect of piracetam and meclofenoxate. The benzodiazepine tranquilizer diazepam additionally impaired learning and memory in FAS rats. It is suggested that nootropics could be used to decrease the cognitive disturbances in some humans born to alcoholic mothers. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) IS - 0379-0355 IL - 0379-0355 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1991 Jan-Feb DC - 19910913 YR - 1991 ED - 19910913 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1870356 <681. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1859602 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ramstrom LM AU - Masironi R FA - Ramstrom, L M FA - Masironi, R IN - Ramstrom,L M. Institute for Tobacco Studies, Stockholm, Sweden. TI - Implications of the tobacco dependence syndrome for smoking control programmes. SO - World Health Forum. 12(1):70-2, 1991. AS - World Health Forum. 12(1):70-2, 1991. NJ - World health forum PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8010746, ad2 SB - Index Medicus CP - SWITZERLAND MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - *Plants, Toxic MH - Smoking/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Tobacco MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Motivational and psychosocial treatments for tobacco dependence, while valuable, are not sufficient to solve nicotine-related problems, which usually require a pharmacological approach. There is also a need for training programmes for health workers and major educational campaigns on the nature of tobacco dependence to be directed at opinion leaders, teachers and the public at large. IS - 0251-2432 IL - 0251-2432 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1991 DC - 19910904 YR - 1991 ED - 19910904 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1859602 <682. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2028637 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jameson JP AU - Kasilo O AU - Froese EH FA - Jameson, J P FA - Kasilo, O FA - Froese, E H IN - Jameson,J P. School of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI. TI - The profession of pharmacy in Zimbabwe. SO - DICP. 25(3):302-5, 1991 Mar. AS - DICP. 25(3):302-5, 1991 Mar. NJ - DICP : the annals of pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8904338, xs4 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Curriculum MH - *Economics, Pharmaceutical MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - Pharmacy/ma [Manpower] MH - *Professional Practice/ec [Economics] MH - Professional Practice/ma [Manpower] MH - Salaries and Fringe Benefits/ec [Economics] MH - Zimbabwe AB - Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) is a developing country in central southern Africa where great strides have been made in healthcare since black-majority rule began in 1980. Shortages of personnel, equipment, and drugs continue to be a problem. Challenges facing the pharmacy profession include improving drug supply, promoting rational use of essential drugs, and educating healthcare professionals and the public. Persuading pharmacists to practice in the government sector of healthcare rather than to serve the small percentage of the public that can afford private healthcare should be a major priority. Zimbabwe is a land of opportunity for pharmacy practice but the financial constraints are formidable. IS - 1042-9611 IL - 1042-9611 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1991 Mar DC - 19910612 YR - 1991 ED - 19910612 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2028637 <683. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2286854 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wilhelmsen L FA - Wilhelmsen, L IN - Wilhelmsen,L. Department of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Ostra Hospital, Sweden. TI - Antismoking counselling: methods of helping hypertensive patients to stop smoking. SO - Journal of Hypertension - Supplement. 8(5):S25-8, 1990 Sep. AS - J Hypertens Suppl. 8(5):S25-8, 1990 Sep. NJ - Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jhi, 8501422 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - *Counseling/mt [Methods] MH - Cues MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/co [Complications] MH - *Hypertension/px [Psychology] MH - Motivation MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Physician's Role MH - Reinforcement (Psychology) MH - Risk Factors MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - Social Behavior AB - The factors that promote smoking are social, psychological and pharmacological. Social factors are by far the most important when young people are learning to smoke and remain important in maintaining the habit. Psychological factors include a series of reinforcements of the smoking habit during the day. Nicotine plays a crucial role in smoking. Smoking is particularly addictive because it delivers nicotine to the brain in rapid peaks at each puff. Since smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the importance of the physician in counselling patients against smoking cannot be overstated. If a hypertensive patient who smokes is not advised to stop smoking by his physician, the patient may wrongly assume that smoking is of minor importance in his case. Motivating the patient is a prerequisite for curing the smoking habit. The ideal is that the patient stops smoking completely at a determined point in time. For the strongly nicotine-dependent smoker it may be useful to substitute the nicotine from cigarettes with, for example, nicotine chewing gum, in order to reduce the strength of the nicotine withdrawal reaction at a time when the psychosocial withdrawal reaction is most prominent. However, the ultimate aim is to reach a completely nicotine-free status. Physicians are advised to learn as much as possible about the factors that promote smoking in order to support their patients in their attempts to stop smoking. IS - 0952-1178 IL - 0952-1178 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1990 Sep DC - 19910326 YR - 1990 ED - 19910326 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2286854 <684. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2282231 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hayes TM AU - Allery LA AU - Harding KG AU - Owen PA FA - Hayes, T M FA - Allery, L A FA - Harding, K G FA - Owen, P A IN - Hayes,T M. Department of Postgraduate Studies, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff. TI - Continuing education for general practice and the role of the pharmaceutical industry. SO - British Journal of General Practice. 40(341):510-2, 1990 Dec. AS - Br J Gen Pract. 40(341):510-2, 1990 Dec. NJ - The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9005323, ark OI - Source: NLM. PMC1371450 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - *Drug Industry MH - Drug Therapy MH - *Education, Medical, Continuing MH - *Family Practice/ed [Education] MH - Female MH - Great Britain MH - Humans MH - Male AB - A survey of the involvement in and attitudes towards continuing medical education of 101 general practitioners achieved a 95% response rate. Ninety per cent of the 96 doctors worked in practices which held meetings the content of which was organized by representatives of pharmaceutical companies but only 46% worked in practices which organized their own educational meetings. Seventy six per cent attended meetings away from their practice which were organized by drug companies and 75% had attended at some time continuing medical education activities organized by a local postgraduate centre. The promotional aspects of the drug company organized meetings were disliked by a majority of respondents (58%); more of the trainers (62%) and more of those who had entered general practice within the last seven years (71%) disliked this aspect. Nonetheless the educational content of both meetings held in the practice and those held elsewhere was the aspect most liked by over half of the respondents (59% and 53% respectively). Only 16% of all respondents thought that visits by representatives from pharmaceutical companies were educationally valuable and 37% thought that educational events organized by these companies were of value. Surprisingly 60% of those who worked in practices which held meetings organized by drug company representatives thought them to be of little or no educational value. There is clearly a need for practice based continuing medical education but the current level of dependence on drug companies for organizing these meetings must be questioned. Alternative strategies for the provision of independent non-sponsored educational activities should be sought. IS - 0960-1643 IL - 0960-1643 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1990 Dec DC - 19910320 YR - 1990 ED - 19910320 RD - 20131002 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2282231 <685. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1990855 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McAuliffe WE AU - Rohman M AU - Breer P AU - Wyshak G AU - Santangelo S AU - Magnuson E FA - McAuliffe, W E FA - Rohman, M FA - Breer, P FA - Wyshak, G FA - Santangelo, S FA - Magnuson, E IN - McAuliffe,W E. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Hospital, MA 02139. TI - Alcohol use and abuse in random samples of physicians and medical students. SO - American Journal of Public Health. 81(2):177-82, 1991 Feb. AS - Am J Public Health. 81(2):177-82, 1991 Feb. NJ - American journal of public health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 1254074, 3xw OI - Source: NLM. PMC1404970 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Alcohol Drinking MH - Alcoholism/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmacists/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Physician Impairment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Students, Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States/ep [Epidemiology] AB - BACKGROUND: This study sought to resolve conflicting views about whether physicians are especially prone to alcohol abuse. AB - METHODS: Using an anonymous, mailed questionnaire on substance use, we surveyed 500 physicians, 510 pharmacists, and 974 of their students. The physicians and pharmacists were selected randomly from the state society's membership lists, and students selected were from local school lists. Follow-up surveys were sent to nonresponders at two-week intervals. AB - RESULTS: The physicians and medical students did not drink especially heavily and were no more vulnerable to alcoholism than were their counterparts in pharmacy and other professions. Physicians differed from pharmacists in their style of drinking (greater frequency, smaller quantity), but not in total amount of alcohol consumed. Drinking habits among physicians were not associated with medical specialty or type of practice, but were positively related to gender (males drank more than females) and to age (older doctors were more apt to qualify as heavy drinkers than were younger doctors). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Physicians were no more likely to abuse substances nonmedically than were other professionals. Any group in which alcohol use is nearly universal incurs a risk of abuse and impairment that cannot be ignored. IS - 0090-0036 IL - 0090-0036 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DAO3372 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DAO4418 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DAO5271 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1991 Feb DC - 19910307 YR - 1991 ED - 19910307 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1990855 <686. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2278266 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Chavez ML AU - Chavez PI FA - Chavez, M L FA - Chavez, P I IN - Chavez,M L. Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936. TI - Use of psychoactive drugs for nontherapeutic reasons by pharmacy students in Puerto Rico. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 47(11):2520-2, 1990 Nov. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 47(11):2520-2, 1990 Nov. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Alcohol Drinking MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Professional Impairment MH - *Psychotropic Drugs MH - Puerto Rico/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Students, Pharmacy/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1990 Nov DC - 19910301 YR - 1990 ED - 19910301 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2278266 <687. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1986905 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Haire-Joshu D FA - Haire-Joshu, D TI - Smoking, cessation, and the diabetes health care team. SO - Diabetes Educator. 17(1):54-64, 1991 Jan-Feb. AS - Diabetes Educ. 17(1):54-64, 1991 Jan-Feb. NJ - The Diabetes educator PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebg, 7701401 SB - Nursing Journal CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Diabetes Complications MH - Education, Nursing, Continuing MH - Humans MH - *Patient Care Team MH - *Patient Education as Topic/mt [Methods] MH - Prevalence MH - Self Care MH - Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Smoking/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in diabetes and contributes to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Despite this, approximately one third of patients with diabetes smoke. Nicotine is physically and psychologically addictive, with multiple factors contributing to the initiation and continuation of the habit. Cessation is a process in which the smoker progresses through several stages of change, including precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance, and relapse. Knowledge of this process is needed for the diabetes health care team to effectively individualize smoking prevention and cessation strategies. This stepped care approach includes preventive, behavioral, and pharmacologic strategies as a component of routine diabetes education. IS - 0145-7217 IL - 0145-7217 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 5P-60-DK20579-11 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1991 Jan-Feb DC - 19910221 YR - 1991 ED - 19910221 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1986905 <688. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2346785 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Hughes JR AU - Higgins ST AU - Bickel WK FA - Hughes, J R FA - Higgins, S T FA - Bickel, W K IN - Hughes,J R. Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405. TI - Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory. University of Vermont. SO - British Journal of Addiction. 85(4):441-5, 1990 Apr. AS - Br J Addict. 85(4):441-5, 1990 Apr. NJ - British journal of addiction PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - bjd, 8804404 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Animals MH - Humans MH - *Learning/de [Drug Effects] MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Research MH - *Social Behavior MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Vermont RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 0952-0481 IL - 0952-0481 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1990 Apr DC - 19900712 YR - 1990 ED - 19900712 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2346785 <689. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2337098 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ives TJ AU - Stults CC FA - Ives, T J FA - Stults, C C IN - Ives,T J. School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7595. TI - Pharmacy practice in a chemical-dependency treatment center. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 47(5):1080-3, 1990 May. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 47(5):1080-3, 1990 May. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Alcoholism/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - *Ambulatory Care Facilities MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Health Education MH - Humans MH - Hypnotics and Sedatives MH - Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Patient Care Team MH - *Pharmacists MH - Psychotherapy MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] AB - The role of a pharmacist in a chemical-dependency treatment center is described. A pharmacist joined the staff of an outpatient methadone maintenance and chemical-dependency clinic at the request of the clinic's medical staff. In addition to the standard dispensing role, the pharmacist provides drug information, counsels staff and patients, and serves as the medical clinic coordinator. The pharmacist is also responsible for taking medical and drug-use histories, initially evaluating the degree of chemical dependency, assisting in the development of drug therapy plans for chemically dependent patients, and monitoring the effect of prescribed regimens. Other duties include serving as a health educator within the community and as a preceptor for baccalaureate and Doctor of Pharmacy students during substance abuse clerkships, and consulting on the management of chemically dependent patients who are hospitalized for other illnesses or specific conditions. The pharmacist's knowledge of pharmacotherapy and drug products and skill in assessing and managing problems related to substance abuse allowed physicians and nurses more time for other patient-care activities and helped the behavioral counselors develop a better understanding of the pharmacologic aspects involved in the health care of chemically dependent patients. The inclusion of a pharmacist in the chemical-dependency health-care team in this outpatient setting was accepted, valued, and recommended by the rest of the clinic staff. RN - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1990 May DC - 19900612 YR - 1990 ED - 19900612 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2337098 <690. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2328308 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Roskos LK AU - Boudinot FD FA - Roskos, L K FA - Boudinot, F D IN - Roskos,L K. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602. TI - Effects of dose and sex on the pharmacokinetics of piroxicam in the rat. SO - Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 11(3):215-25, 1990 Apr. AS - Biopharm Drug Dispos. 11(3):215-25, 1990 Apr. NJ - Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - a6c, 7911226 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Animals MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Female MH - Injections, Intravenous MH - Male MH - Piroxicam/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Piroxicam/bl [Blood] MH - *Piroxicam/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - Protein Binding MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains MH - Sex Factors AB - The effects of dose and sex on the pharmacokinetics of piroxicam were studied in the rat. Piroxicam was administered intravenously at doses of 0.50 and 5.0 mg kg-1 to male and female rats. Plasma drug concentrations were determined by a highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic technique. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by area/moment analysis. A prolonged terminal half-life averaging 13.3 h in male rats and 40.8 h in female rats was observed. Dose had no effect on the disposition of piroxicam. The sex of the rat, however, had a marked effect on piroxicam pharmacokinetics, with mean total clearance differing three-fold from 0.0184 l h-1 kg-1 in male rats to 0.00622 l h-1 kg-1 in female rats. The free fraction of piroxicam in serum was greater in male rats than in female rats owing to a higher association constant for piroxicam binding to female rat serum proteins. Free piroxicam clearance differed approximately two-fold with mean values of 0.764 l h-1 kg-1 and 0.418 l h-1 kg-1 in male and female rats, respectively. Thus, protein binding partially explained the sex-dependent disposition of piroxicam. However, sex-dependent metabolism of the drug also appears to be a major determinant of sex-related differences in piroxicam pharmacokinetics. Steady-state volume of distribution was unaffected by sex. Half-life and mean residence time were three-fold greater in female rats owing to the three-fold lower clearance value compared to male rats. RN - 13T4O6VMAM (Piroxicam) IS - 0142-2782 IL - 0142-2782 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1990 Apr DC - 19900530 YR - 1990 ED - 19900530 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2328308 <691. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2316539 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Penna RP FA - Penna, R P IN - Penna,R P. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Alexandria, VA 22314. TI - Pharmaceutical care: pharmacy's mission for the 1990s. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 47(3):543-9, 1990 Mar. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 47(3):543-9, 1990 Mar. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Drug Therapy/st [Standards] MH - Institutional Practice MH - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) MH - Patient Advocacy MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy/td [Trends] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/td [Trends] MH - Social Responsibility MH - United States AB - The case for pharmaceutical care as pharmacy's mission for the 1990s is presented. The emergence of pharmacy as a clinical profession has given pharmacists the skills and knowledge to improve the outcomes of drug therapy. It also presents them with the responsibility for those results. Practitioners of pharmaceutical care are concerned with the effect of their services on patients' quality of life and not merely with the act of providing services. They work with other health-care professionals as equals to ensure that therapeutic goals are achieved and that drug-related illness does not occur or is quickly detected and resolved. To be accepted and implemented, pharmaceutical care must first overcome pharmacy's product- and service-oriented focus, opposition from other health-care professions and drug manufacturers, financial and logistical problems, and ignorance and inertia among pharmacists themselves. Through a united effort, pharmacy organizations, schools, and individual pharmacists can translate the need for pharmaceutical care into demands for it by patients, insurance companies, health maintenance organizations, and the government. Pharmaceutical skills and knowledge have developed to the point where pharmacists must share in responsibility for the outcomes of drug therapy. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1990 Mar DC - 19900425 YR - 1990 ED - 19900425 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2316539 <692. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2404711 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nett LM FA - Nett, L M IN - Nett,L M. Presbyterian St. Luke's Center for Health Science Education, Denver. TI - The physician's role in smoking cessation. A present and future agenda. [Review] [19 refs] SO - Chest. 97(2 Suppl):28S-32S, 1990 Feb. AS - Chest. 97(2 Suppl):28S-32S, 1990 Feb. NJ - Chest PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0231335, d1c SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Humans MH - *Physician's Role MH - Physician-Patient Relations MH - *Role MH - *Smoking/th [Therapy] AB - Medical views in the United States on the effects of smoking have shifted dramatically since the published evidence in 1958 established the link between smoking and fatal disease. Today's physician should be a nonsmoking role model, whose workplace both directly and indirectly teaches smoking cessation skills. Publications on smoking cessation techniques from the National Institutes of Health along with intervention tools such as patient smoking history questionnaires are available free of charge to physicians. Patient histories are critical to the intervention process, for they provide essential clues and information about which stage in cessation of smoking the patient has already reached: precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance. Different approaches and techniques are required at each stage. The most important objective for the physician with a patient at the stage of contemplating quitting is to initiate a conversation leading to a directive to quit, with benefits of quitting stressed as reinforcement. Actively motivated patients committed to quit dates may need both educational and pharmacologic support; issues such as nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms must be addressed. Pharmacologic therapy at this time may consist of substitution of nicotine-containing gum (nicotine polacrilex) for cigarettes. Used in sufficient, regular dosages, the nicotine gum has been found to help diminish withdrawal symptoms following smoking cessation. Other drug therapies are currently under study. For now, nicotine replacement therapy (where indicated) is to be used for at least three months, the period of greatest chance of relapse. The physician should continue to encourage patients who have quit smoking to forestall relapses, while tacitly understanding that the incidence of relapse is high in first-time quitters. Hospital inpatients provide an opportunity to initiate bedside smoking cessation programs. The hope is that, in the future, hospitals will involve the entire health team in comprehensive smoking cessation programs. [References: 19] IS - 0012-3692 IL - 0012-3692 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1990 Feb DC - 19900313 YR - 1990 ED - 19900313 RD - 20051116 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2404711 <693. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2685899 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Russell MA FA - Russell, M A TI - Subjective and behavioural effects of nicotine in humans: some sources of individual variation. [Review] [44 refs] SO - Progress in Brain Research. 79:289-302, 1989. AS - Prog Brain Res. 79:289-302, 1989. NJ - Progress in brain research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - q0b, 0376441 SB - Index Medicus CP - NETHERLANDS MH - *Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Drug Tolerance MH - Humans MH - Nicotine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Nicotine/pk [Pharmacokinetics] MH - *Nicotine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Smoking/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Smoking/px [Psychology] AB - Despite its addictiveness, the subjective effects of nicotine in "smoking doses" are of low intensity compared with those of other addictive drugs. Although mildly pleasurable to many regular users, it causes no striking euphoriant effects and its effects on mood, performance and the level of arousal are relatively small. This chapter does not attempt to list or review the numerous effects of nicotine, but focuses instead on some of the multiple sources of individual variation. The subjective and behavioral effects of nicotine in humans differ markedly, not only between individuals but also within individuals, according to the stage of their smoking career, their level of dependence and the time since their last few doses. Some of the influences and mechanisms discussed include innate and acquired factors, pharmacokinetic factors, acute and chronic tolerance, learning and conditioning. It is not clear to what extent the effects of nicotine are primary, or how much they reflect reversal or relief of acquired withdrawal effects. Only one study has found a "rebound" element in the effects of withdrawal and although chronic exposure to nicotine induces an increase in the number of nicotinic receptors, chronic tolerance to nicotine has not been demonstrated in humans. Acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) develops rapidly to many of the effects of nicotine and is completely reversible after nicotine depletion. Other effects of nicotine are less sensitive to acute tolerance. It is suggested that it is the effects of nicotine at postsynaptic receptors that are most susceptible to acute tolerance and that those mediated by its action at presynaptic receptors are less sensitive to it. Due to accumulation of nicotine and other pharmacokinetic factors, for most of the day and much of the night, regular smokers have high levels of acute tolerance to nicotine. In other words, there is a chronic partial blockade of its agonist effects at postsynaptic receptors. This explains why nicotinic receptors are upregulated rather than downregulated and why heavy smokers experience no subjective effects from a cigarette smoked during the course of a normal smoking day. When the effects of acute tolerance are unmasked after abstinence for 24 h, it is the more addicted heavy smokers who experienced more severe withdrawal effects who also have stronger subjective and heart rate effects following the first post-abstinence cigarette. Their greater sensitivity to nicotine after abstinence may reflect their higher density of unoccupied nicotinic receptors. On the other hand, those who have higher innate sensitivity may be more likely to take up smoking and to become more dependent if they [References: 44] RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0079-6123 IL - 0079-6123 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English DP - 1989 DC - 19900110 YR - 1989 ED - 19900110 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2685899 <694. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2568644 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Fleischhacker WW AU - Barnas C AU - Stuppack C FA - Fleischhacker, W W FA - Barnas, C FA - Stuppack, C IN - Fleischhacker,W W. Department of Psychiatry, Innsbruck University Clinics, Austria. TI - Benzodiazepines: utilization and patterns of use in a university hospital. SO - Pharmacopsychiatry. 22(3):111-4, 1989 May. AS - Pharmacopsychiatry. 22(3):111-4, 1989 May. NJ - Pharmacopsychiatry PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - p49, 8402938 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY, WEST MH - Anti-Anxiety Agents/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Anti-Anxiety Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Benzodiazepines MH - Drug Utilization MH - Female MH - Hospitals, University MH - Humans MH - Length of Stay MH - Male MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/px [Psychology] AB - Information on the number of benzodiazepine prescriptions in all the departments of the Innsbruck University Clinics in 1985 was obtained from the hospital pharmacy. Expenditure on benzodiazepines amounted to 0.5% of total medication costs. In a second step, the authors questioned 264 patients from the five largest departments about benzodiazepine use. On the day of the interview, 24.1% of all investigated male patients and 20.5% of the female patients were taking benzodiazepines. Of the patients found to take benzodiazepines, 34.5% had already been using these before hospital admission. One-fifth of these patients reported problems when trying to stop medication. RN - 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents) RN - 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines) IS - 0176-3679 IL - 0176-3679 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1989 May DC - 19890817 YR - 1989 ED - 19890817 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2568644 <695. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2740274 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nelson EB FA - Nelson, E B IN - Nelson,E B. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. TI - Drug substitution and rational therapeutics. Old problems and new challenges. SO - Postgraduate Medicine. 86(1):247-50, 1989 Jul. AS - Postgrad Med. 86(1):247-50, 1989 Jul. NJ - Postgraduate medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0401147, pfk SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Drug Prescriptions MH - Formularies as Topic MH - Pharmaceutical Services MH - *Therapeutic Equivalency MH - United States AB - Drug substitution is a reality of current medical practice. Physicians need to be aware of how it affects patients both medically and economically. Continuing education in clinical pharmacology is essential. Although generic substitution and formulary restriction are usually acceptable, therapeutic substitution is not. The responsibility of instituting therapy by writing a prescription must not be delegated to non-physicians. This could ultimately lead to more problems with adverse drug reactions and poor clinical outcome. IS - 0032-5481 IL - 0032-5481 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1989 Jul DC - 19890803 YR - 1989 ED - 19890803 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2740274 <696. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2656965 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Glover ED AU - Schroeder KL AU - Henningfield JE AU - Severson HH AU - Christen AG FA - Glover, E D FA - Schroeder, K L FA - Henningfield, J E FA - Severson, H H FA - Christen, A G TI - An interpretative review of smokeless tobacco research in the United States: Part II. [Review] [79 refs] SO - Journal of Drug Education. 19(1):1-19, 1989. AS - J Drug Educ. 19(1):1-19, 1989. NJ - Journal of drug education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jl7, 1300031 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Health Education MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nicotine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Plants, Toxic MH - Research MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pp [Physiopathology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/di [Diagnosis] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/et [Etiology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco, Smokeless MH - United States AB - This is the second part of a two-part series reviewing the published literature of smokeless tobacco in the United States. The article explores smokeless tobacco as a pharmacologically addicting substance, educational interventions designed to prevent use or help users quit, and outlines areas of future research. [References: 79] RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0047-2379 IL - 0047-2379 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 1989 DC - 19890710 YR - 1989 ED - 19890710 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2656965 <697. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10318225 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Janecek E AU - Marshman JA AU - Brewster JM FA - Janecek, E FA - Marshman, J A FA - Brewster, J M TI - Drug problems among health professionals. SO - Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal. 122(3):130-2, 134, 1989 Mar. AS - Can Pharm J. 122(3):130-2, 134, 1989 Mar. NJ - CPJ : Canadian pharmaceutical journal = RPC : la revue pharmaceutique canadienne PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - clp, 0372710 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - CANADA MH - Data Collection MH - *Health Occupations/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Humans MH - Ontario MH - Pharmacists MH - Physician Impairment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - *Professional Impairment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data] MH - Students, Medical MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - Available information on patterns of alcohol and drug abuse among health professionals, as well as information on abuse versus impairment, is reviewed. Past and present attitudes and approaches to helping the alcohol- or drug-impaired health professional in Ontario are examined. IS - 0828-6914 IL - 0828-6914 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1989 Mar DC - 19890619 YR - 1989 ED - 19890619 RD - 20060206 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=10318225 <698. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2493666 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Dunnington BC AU - Hayes ML FA - Dunnington, B C FA - Hayes, M L IN - Dunnington,B C. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy 64110. TI - Project Outreach: Organizations Unified to Reach Youth. SO - Public Health Reports. 104(1):79-82, 1989 Jan-Feb. AS - Public Health Rep. 104(1):79-82, 1989 Jan-Feb. NJ - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 9716844, qja OI - Source: NLM. PMC1580275 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - *Alcoholism/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Costs and Cost Analysis MH - Female MH - Health Education/ec [Economics] MH - *Health Education/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Missouri MH - Parents/ed [Education] MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - *Voluntary Health Agencies AB - Youths of today are forced to deal with the external pressures of alcohol and drug abuse on all levels-from the older youngsters across the street pressuring them to be "cool," to the "cute dog" enticing them with the glamour of being the original "party animal." Through today's mass communications, young people are exposed to negative, self-destructive attitudes. It is important, therefore, to expose them to a more positive influence and try to reach them through parental guidance, personal contact, and peer pressure. To achieve this, the University of Missouri's Kansas City Chapter of the American Pharmaceutical Association's Academy of Students of Pharmacy, in conjunction with the Metropolitan Kansas City Area Task Force on Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse, proposed the development of an annual drug abuse prevention program that specifically targets fifth graders in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area. A primary goal of Project Outreach (Organizations Unified to Reach Youth) is to unite drug abuse prevention programs in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area in their outreach efforts to give positive support to Kansas City's youth against alcohol and other drugs. Phase I of Project Outreach consisted of a series of programs for the parents in the community. Phase II entailed college students who spoke to fifth graders in their classrooms. These students also participated in poster and poem contents centered around drug abuse prevention. In Phase III, which featured an outstanding, motivated speaker, the sample group of 600 fifth graders in the area participated in a major event to give positive peer pressure to say no to drugs. Pertinent entertainment also was provided, and the governor of Missouri, John Ashcroft, attended the rally. In the future, each fifth grader will receive a free T-shirt as a tangible reminder of the main event. In Phase IV, to reinforce concepts presented in previous programming, the college students returned to the fifth grade classrooms to speak. Project Outreach programs are incorporated into existing drug abuse prevention programs and provide the foundation for the development of new drug abuse prevention programs in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area. IS - 0033-3549 IL - 0033-3549 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1989 Jan-Feb DC - 19890407 YR - 1989 ED - 19890407 RD - 20090424 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2493666 <699. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3228081 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Haynes M FA - Haynes, M IN - Haynes,M. CareUnit Hospital of Kirkland, WA 98034. TI - Pharmacist involvement in a chemical-dependency rehabilitation program. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 45(10):2099-101, 1988 Oct. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 45(10):2099-101, 1988 Oct. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Hospital Bed Capacity, under 100 MH - Humans MH - *Patient Care Team MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Washington AB - Pharmacist involvement in a small hospital for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chemical dependency is described. The pharmacist's primary responsibilities include provision of pharmaceutical services to meet the medical needs of patients during detoxification; development of detoxification protocols for management of withdrawal from drugs of abuse; education of patients and their families, other clinical staff members, and pharmacy students about the pathophysiology of addiction, treatment options, and the foundations of recovery; medication and addiction counseling; and multidisciplinary team support of recovery. To successfully fulfill this complex role, the pharmacist must have specialized education on alcoholism and addiction, develop good communications skills, and learn the dynamics of recovery support groups. The pharmacist employed at this hospital spends about 70% of her time with pharmaceutical services and 30% with counseling services. A pharmacist working in a chemical-dependency rehabilitation program has a unique opportunity to affect positively the physical and emotional health of the recovering individual by taking on responsibilities beyond those traditionally associated with pharmacy practice. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1988 Oct DC - 19890328 YR - 1988 ED - 19890328 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=3228081 <700. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3228080 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sheffield JW FA - Sheffield, J W IN - Sheffield,J W. Pharmacists Rehabilitation Program, Texas Pharmaceutical Association, Austin 78761. TI - Establishing a rehabilitation program for impaired pharmacists. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 45(10):2092-8, 1988 Oct. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 45(10):2092-8, 1988 Oct. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Drug and Narcotic Control/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - Hotlines MH - *Licensure, Pharmacy MH - *Pharmacists/px [Psychology] MH - *Professional Impairment MH - Referral and Consultation MH - Societies, Pharmaceutical MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Texas AB - The Texas Pharmaceutical Association (TPA) rehabilitation program for impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students is described. Since its inception in 1983, the TPA Pharmacists Rehabilitation Program has provided assistance to impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students, as well as their families, friends, customers, and coworkers. The program uses a carefully developed intervention process designed to assist impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students in obtaining evaluation and treatment of their condition. After a referral, an appointment is made for the impaired person at 1 of 15 regional evaluation and referral centers across the state, where arrangements for appropriate treatment are made. After treatment, the Committee on Pharmacists Rehabilitation aids the pharmacist or student in reentering the profession or returning to school. Intervenors are pharmacists registered in the state of Texas who have participated in TPA's training sessions; TPA also provides an intervenor's workbook. Amendments to the Texas Pharmacy Act passed in 1983 and 1985 provide protection for intervenors who are working with pharmacists and pharmacy students with impairment problems. Referrals are made by means of a 24-hour, toll-free hotline funded by a pharmaceutical manufacturing company. Other funding comes from individual donors, member associations affiliated with TPA, chain drugstores, wholesalers, and the Texas State Board of Pharmacy. A successful rehabilitation program for impaired pharmacists and students must be carefully designed and implemented, with attention paid to legal, financial, and intervention-related issues associated with substance abuse. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1988 Oct DC - 19890328 YR - 1988 ED - 19890328 RD - 20001218 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=3228080 <701. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3162632 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ali HM FA - Ali, H M IN - Ali,H M. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan. TI - Problems in assessing rationality of drug utilization in less developed countries. SO - Acta Medica Scandinavica - Supplementum. 721:27-30, 1988. AS - Acta Med Scand Suppl. 721:27-30, 1988. NJ - Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0370331 SB - Index Medicus CP - SWEDEN MH - *Developing Countries MH - *Drug Utilization MH - Education, Medical MH - Epidemiologic Methods MH - Health Policy MH - Humans MH - Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - Pharmacy Administration MH - Sudan AB - Less developed countries are facing various difficulties in assessing rationality of drug utilization. The problems are essentially related to four major areas; (a) Policies, administration and management, (b) Practice and services, (c) Education and training, (d) Monitoring and research. Drug policies have often failed to recognise the importance of identifying the levels of rationality of the various components of drug utilization. Consequently, neither the need nor the mechanisms to assess rationality were considered. Drug utilization data and records have been poorly developed and maintained, e.g. mal-managed, inaccurate, and without continuity with regard to collection, monitoring and evaluation. Provision and supply of drugs were handled by an unnecessary multiplicity of departments and state offices, none of which keeping complete records and/or information in relation to needs of drugs nor other health care requirements. Deficiencies and shortcomings associated with medical/pharmaceutical practice, services, education and training have as well contributed significantly to the failure of the less developed countries to assess and promote rationality of drug utilization. IS - 0365-463X IL - 0365-463X PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1988 DC - 19880506 YR - 1988 ED - 19880506 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=3162632 <702. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3598842 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Jaffe LT AU - Archer RP FA - Jaffe, L T FA - Archer, R P TI - The prediction of drug use among college students from MMPI, MCMI, and sensation seeking scales. SO - Journal of Personality Assessment. 51(2):243-53, 1987. AS - J Pers Assess. 51(2):243-53, 1987. NJ - Journal of personality assessment PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jmz, 1260201 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *MMPI MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Personality Inventory MH - Psychometrics MH - *Sensation MH - Street Drugs MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] AB - This study examines the ability of five self-report assessment measures to predict college students' drug use across 12 pharmacological drug categories. Subjects were 125 female and 61 male university undergraduate students. The test battery included the following instruments: the Psychopathic Deviancy (Pd) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI); the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale (MAC), a special scale of the MMPI; the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS); the Millon Alcohol Abuse Scale; and the Millon Drug Abuse Scale. Scores from these instruments were utilized in linear combinations to predict individual drug use outcomes as well as polydrug versus single drug use patterns. The drug categories included in this investigation are coffee, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, tranquilizers, depressants, amphetamines, LSD, other hallucinogens, solvents, narcotics, and cocaine. Results demonstrate significant and meaningful relationships between predictors and drug use levels among college students. Weighted equations derived from linear discriminant function analyses were generally capable of accurately classifying subject's drug use levels across drug categories and in discriminating single drug use from polydrug use patterns. Typically, the Sensation Seeking Scale entered as the most powerful predictor of substance use and abuse. RN - 0 (Street Drugs) IS - 0022-3891 IL - 0022-3891 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1987 DC - 19870810 YR - 1987 ED - 19870810 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3598842 <703. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3605116 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ryan ML AU - Colvin CL AU - Tankanow RM FA - Ryan, M L FA - Colvin, C L FA - Tankanow, R M TI - Development and funding of a pharmacy-based investigational drug service. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 44(5):1069-74, 1987 May. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 44(5):1069-74, 1987 May. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Drug Evaluation MH - Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over MH - Hospitals, University/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Michigan MH - *Pharmacology, Clinical/ec [Economics] MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Research Support as Topic AB - The development, implementation, and operation of a pharmacy-based investigational drug service (IDS) at a university medical center are described. Before the IDS was established, pharmacy participation in investigational drug research was limited to the preparation of novel dosage forms. Medication errors, improper storage and labeling, and inadequate inventories of investigational drugs were common problems. Stepped-up enforcement by FDA and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of guidelines for investigational drug control prompted the formation of a multidisciplinary task force, which recommended that the department of pharmaceutical services expand its support of investigational drug studies to include inventory control, record keeping, and clinical services. The IDS is supported by both the hospital and the school of medicine and currently receives 36% of its funding from principal investigator grants and contracts. The IDS coordinates more than 100 study protocols and dispenses more than 4000 doses of investigational drugs annually. The IDS is staffed by 1.0 full-time equivalent (FTE) clinical pharmacist and 0.5 FTE technician. Inventory control and billing functions are performed by a departmental microcomputer system. The IDS has demonstrated a positive gross margin for each of its first two years of operation. Problems associated with the control and use of investigational drugs at this institution have been successfully corrected by the implementation of a pharmacy-based IDS. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1987 May DC - 19870724 YR - 1987 ED - 19870724 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3605116 <704. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3592877 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Ives TJ AU - Bentz EJ AU - Gwyther RE FA - Ives, T J FA - Bentz, E J FA - Gwyther, R E TI - Drug-related admissions to a family medicine inpatient service. SO - Archives of Internal Medicine. 147(6):1117-20, 1987 Jun. AS - Arch Intern Med. 147(6):1117-20, 1987 Jun. NJ - Archives of internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372440, 7fs SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - *Family Practice MH - Female MH - *Hospitalization MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Marriage MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance MH - Poisoning MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk MH - Substance-Related Disorders AB - Admissions to a family medicine inpatient service were monitored retrospectively over a one-year period to determine the incidence of drug-related hospitalizations. Of the 293 admissions, 45 (15.4%) were identified as drug related; in 29 admissions (9.9%), a drug-related problem was identified as the primary cause of hospitalization. The two patient characteristics associated with a drug-related admission (DRA) were marital status (divorced) and age (older patients). The two most common types of DRAs were adverse drug reactions (17/45, 37.8%) and drug abuse (14/45, 31.1%), with alcohol being the most commonly abused agent. Adverse drug reactions were most commonly implicated in DRAs for patients over 70 years old, with drug abuse more evenly distributed among age groups. Educational programs that incorporate pharmacoepidemiologic strategies into all health care disciplines are necessary to address this public health issue. IS - 0003-9926 IL - 0003-9926 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1987 Jun DC - 19870701 YR - 1987 ED - 19870701 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3592877 <705. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3565391 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cummins BA AU - Kvancz DA AU - Bennett DL FA - Cummins, B A FA - Kvancz, D A FA - Bennett, D L TI - Evaluation of mobile decentralized pharmaceutical services in a community teaching hospital. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 44(2):324-32, 1987 Feb. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 44(2):324-32, 1987 Feb. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Drug Information Services MH - *Hospitals, Community/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Hospitals, Teaching/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Humans MH - Medication Systems, Hospital MH - Pharmacists MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Risk Management MH - United States AB - Mobile decentralized pharmaceutical services were compared with the previous centralized unit dose drug distribution services in a community teaching hospital. Medication order turnaround time, pharmacist workload activities, number of drug information requests, dose-activity index, and quality of drug distribution and drug administration record keeping were compared under the two systems. The number of drug therapy problems identified and resolved by decentralized pharmacists also was determined. Medication order turnaround time decreased from a mean of 198 minutes to 64 minutes in the centralized and decentralized systems, respectively. The number of drug information requests increased from 0.0055 to 0.05 requests per patient day. The percentage of requests related to adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology increased in the decentralized system. The dose-activity index was 63.5% and 56.9% for centralized and decentralized systems, respectively, with the mean number of doses handled per patient day at 14.4 and 10.7. Decentralized pharmacists spent substantially more time than centralized pharmacists performing educational, therapy-related, and dispensing activities and less time performing clerical and verification activities. Decentralized pharmacists detected a large number of drug therapy problems that probably would have gone undetected in the previous system. The decentralized system met 31 of the 32 quality assurance standards, compared with 20 standards met for the centralized system. The implementation of mobile decentralized services provided greater opportunities for use of the pharmacists' clinical skills and reduced the time allocated to traditional functions. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1987 Feb DC - 19870428 YR - 1987 ED - 19870428 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3565391 <706. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 2882673 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McAuliffe WE AU - Santangelo SL AU - Gingras J AU - Rohman M AU - Sobol A AU - Magnuson E FA - McAuliffe, W E FA - Santangelo, S L FA - Gingras, J FA - Rohman, M FA - Sobol, A FA - Magnuson, E TI - Use and abuse of controlled substances by pharmacists and pharmacy students. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 44(2):311-7, 1987 Feb. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 44(2):311-7, 1987 Feb. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Cannabis MH - *Central Nervous System Stimulants MH - Cocaine MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Narcotics MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - *Tranquilizing Agents MH - United States AB - The use of controlled substances by samples of pharmacists and pharmacy students in one New England state was surveyed. A questionnaire was sent in November 1984 to a sample of 510 pharmacists randomly selected from the membership list of the state's pharmaceutical association and to a sample of 470 students from the state's pharmacy schools; 76% and 67% of the eligible pharmacists and students responded, respectively. The questionnaire elicited information about the respondents' use of controlled substances for self-treatment and recreation, as well as the instrumental use of stimulants to enhance performance. Almost half of the pharmacists (46%) and two thirds of the students (62%) reported using a controlled substance at some time without a prescription; 19% and 41%, respectively, used one within the past year. Whereas students used the drugs most often for recreation (57% ever, 36% currently), use by pharmacists was more equally divided among self-treatment (29% ever, 13% currently), recreation (29% ever, 9% currently), and instrumental purposes (21% ever). The drugs most often used were marijuana, stimulants (especially cocaine by students), tranquilizers, and opiates. Drug use was generally limited in amount, but 18% of the pharmacists and 35% of the students who ever used a drug either became dependent or were at risk of drug abuse. Current drug use was most strongly associated with age, non-attendance at religious services, student access, year in school, and citizenship. The findings of this study suggest the need for continued development of impaired pharmacist committees and drug abuse prevention programs for pharmacists and pharmacy students. RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Tranquilizing Agents) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA-03372 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1987 Feb DC - 19870428 YR - 1987 ED - 19870428 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=2882673 <707. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3565389 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wagner JC FA - Wagner, J C TI - Substance-abuse policies and guidelines in amateur and professional athletics. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 44(2):305-10, 1987 Feb. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 44(2):305-10, 1987 Feb. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Doping in Sports/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence] MH - *Doping in Sports/pc [Prevention & Control] MH - Humans MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations/an [Analysis] AB - Substance-abuse policies and guidelines in amateur and professional athletic organizations are described. Amateur athletic organizations, which are governed by the U.S. Olympic Committee or the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), have developed programs that include mandatory drug testing. Drugs banned by the two organizations include psychomotor stimulants, sympathomimetic amines, narcotic analgesics, anabolic steroids, miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants, and, in the case of the NCAA, certain street drugs. Professional organizations have been somewhat slower to follow and, with the exception of tennis, do not allow mandatory drug testing. Each formal drug-screening program includes penalties for violators. The enforcement practices of the organizations representing tennis, baseball, basketball, and football are described. One aspect unique to professional sports is the employee-assistance program, which allows the impaired athlete to receive treatment while continuing to play and receive a salary. As drug-control programs become more common in athletics, opportunities may arise for pharmacists to participate in the areas of drug information and educational services. RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1987 Feb DC - 19870428 YR - 1987 ED - 19870428 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3565389 <708. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3761406 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Millman RB FA - Millman, R B TI - Considerations on the psychotherapy of the substance abuser. SO - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 3(2):103-9, 1986. AS - J Subst Abuse Treat. 3(2):103-9, 1986. NJ - Journal of substance abuse treatment PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - kai, 8500909 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Alcoholics Anonymous MH - Alcoholism/th [Therapy] MH - Anxiety/co [Complications] MH - Cocaine MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Middle Aged MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Physician-Patient Relations MH - *Psychotherapy MH - Smoking MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/th [Therapy] AB - Psychotherapy is an important treatment option for many substance abuse patients. There are some similarities but important differences in psychotherapeutic procedures with substance abusers as compared to other psychiatric patients. The primary goal of the treatment process must be abstinence; resolution of psychological conflicts is not a necessary condition for the achievement or maintenance of abstinence. The initial treatment phase including development of a therapeutic alliance often requires the therapist to take an active educational and conforntative role. The pharmacology and patterns of abuse of the drugs should be well understood. Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) are a valuable component of the treatment process; psychotherapists must be sensitive to the ethos and procedures of these programs. RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0740-5472 IL - 0740-5472 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1986 DC - 19861031 YR - 1986 ED - 19861031 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3761406 <709. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3748091 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McAuliffe WE AU - Rohman M AU - Santangelo S AU - Feldman B AU - Magnuson E AU - Sobol A AU - Weissman J FA - McAuliffe, W E FA - Rohman, M FA - Santangelo, S FA - Feldman, B FA - Magnuson, E FA - Sobol, A FA - Weissman, J TI - Psychoactive drug use among practicing physicians and medical students. SO - New England Journal of Medicine. 315(13):805-10, 1986 Sep 25. AS - N Engl J Med. 315(13):805-10, 1986 Sep 25. NJ - The New England journal of medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0255562, now SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Cannabis MH - Cocaine MH - Humans MH - New England MH - Pharmacists MH - *Physicians MH - *Psychotropic Drugs MH - Self Medication MH - *Students, Medical MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - We surveyed random samples of 500 practicing physicians and 504 medical students in a New England state during 1984-1985; 70 percent of the physicians and 79 percent of the students responded. Fifty-nine percent of the physicians and 78 percent of the students reported that they had used psychoactive drugs at some time in their lives. In both groups, recreational use most often involved marijuana and cocaine, and self-treatment most often involved tranquilizers and opiates. In the previous year, 25 percent of the physicians had treated themselves with a psychoactive drug, and 10 percent had used one recreationally. Although most of the use was experimental or infrequent, 10 percent of the physicians reported current regular drug use (once a month or more often) and 3 percent had histories of drug dependence. More physicians and medical students had used psychoactive drugs at some time than had comparable samples of pharmacists and pharmacy students. The results suggest a need for renewed professional education about the risks of drug misuse. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) IS - 0028-4793 IL - 0028-4793 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA-03372 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1986 Sep 25 DC - 19861016 YR - 1986 ED - 19861016 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3748091 <710. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3869807 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Camaggi CM AU - Strocchi E AU - Martoni A AU - Angelelli B AU - Comparsi R AU - Pannuti F FA - Camaggi, C M FA - Strocchi, E FA - Martoni, A FA - Angelelli, B FA - Comparsi, R FA - Pannuti, F TI - Epirubicin plasma and blood pharmacokinetics after single i.v. bolus in advanced cancer patients. SO - Drugs Under Experimental & Clinical Research. 11(4):285-94, 1985. AS - Drugs Exp Clin Res. 11(4):285-94, 1985. NJ - Drugs under experimental and clinical research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebm, 7802135 SB - Index Medicus CP - SWITZERLAND MH - Bile/an [Analysis] MH - *Doxorubicin/bl [Blood] MH - Doxorubicin/me [Metabolism] MH - Doxorubicin/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Epirubicin MH - Half-Life MH - Humans MH - Kidney Diseases/et [Etiology] MH - Kinetics MH - Liver Neoplasms/me [Metabolism] MH - Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] MH - Mathematics MH - *Neoplasms/bl [Blood] MH - Neoplasms/co [Complications] MH - Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy] AB - Plasma and whole blood pharmacokinetics of epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin, epiDX), a new doxorubicin (DX) analogue with an improved spectrum of activity and lower toxicity, were investigated in advanced cancer patients after i.v. bolus administration. Drug decay is triphasic, with a long terminal half-life. Plasma and blood levels of the C-13 reduced epiDX metabolite, epirubicinol (epiDXol), are lower than those of the parent compound. Glucuronides of epiDX and epiDXol are also present in plasma, bile and urine; similar compounds are not described in the literature among the metabolites of DX. EpiDX plasma clearance is consistently higher and mean residence time lower than the corresponding DX parameters, thus indicating a more efficient disposition of the new drug. This behaviour is also reflected in a faster elimination of epiDXol with respect to the corresponding Dx metabolite, doxorubicinol. After an initial induction period, epiDX concentration is higher in whole blood than in plasma. Blood clearance is lower than plasma clearance; volume of distribution at steady state Vss is lower if blood concentration data are used in the pharmacokinetic analysis. Mean Residence Time is similar in plasma and blood. A statistically significant reduction of clearance parameters is observed in patients with liver metastases, even in the absence of altered bilirubin levels. Drug clearance problems induced by renal dysfunction become relevant only in severe renal failure. RN - 3Z8479ZZ5X (Epirubicin) RN - 80168379AG (Doxorubicin) IS - 0378-6501 IL - 0378-6501 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1985 DC - 19860808 YR - 1985 ED - 19860808 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3869807 <711. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3908337 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Tunstall CD AU - Ginsberg D AU - Hall SM FA - Tunstall, C D FA - Ginsberg, D FA - Hall, S M TI - Quitting smoking. [Review] [86 refs] SO - International Journal of the Addictions. 20(6-7):1089-112, 1985 Jun-Jul. AS - Int J Addict. 20(6-7):1089-112, 1985 Jun-Jul. NJ - The International journal of the addictions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - gq8, 0123640 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - African Americans/px [Psychology] MH - Behavior Therapy MH - Chewing Gum MH - Counseling MH - Environment MH - Extraversion (Psychology) MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Leadership MH - Life Change Events MH - Male MH - Motivation MH - Nicotine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications MH - Recurrence MH - Self Concept MH - Self-Help Groups MH - Sex Factors MH - Social Adjustment MH - Social Class MH - Social Support MH - Stress, Psychological/co [Complications] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/et [Etiology] MH - Tobacco Use Disorder/px [Psychology] MH - *Tobacco Use Disorder/th [Therapy] AB - Four factors which influence smoking treatment outcome are identified: environmental variables, client characteristics, process variables, and specific treatment approaches. Important environmental factors are stress and social support. Of client characteristics, sex is the best predictor of treatment success. Men are more likely to quit and maintain abstinence than women. However, the majority of women alter their smoking habits during pregnancy. Low-income persons and ethnic minorities are underrepresented among subjects in treatment studies and have larger percentages of smokers in the population at large. Extraverted smokers are more likely to begin to smoke and have difficulty quitting. Also, the more anxious, poorly adjusted smoker has more trouble quitting than the less troubled smoker. The higher the client's sense of self-efficacy, the better the chance of that person entering treatment and doing well. Furthermore, smokers who take in lower levels of nicotine are more successful at quitting. Many process questions are suggested. Few have been approached empirically. The effectiveness of ex-smokers as therapists in smoking cessation programs has not been systematically investigated, even though the smoking history of therapists is a question frequently asked by clients. We suggest that the skill and empathy of group leaders is more important than smoking history. Smoking therapists should be aware of nonspecific treatment factors such as positive expectations, social reinforcement, and self-disclosure which may have a powerful influence on the efficacy of smoking treatment. Specific treatment approaches were classified into three categories: low-contact approaches, including educational, self-help, and minimal treatment approaches; psychological treatments; and pharmacological treatment. Education, self-help, and minimal treatment approaches are thought to be accretively effective when the large size of the audience is considered. Also, innovative treatments which address the influence of social support systems and physiological addition are promising treatments for individuals requiring a structured or intensive method of quitting. [References: 86] RN - 0 (Chewing Gum) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0020-773X IL - 0020-773X PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - DA02538 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1985 Jun-Jul DC - 19860211 YR - 1985 ED - 19860211 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3908337 <712. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3878175 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Okasha A FA - Okasha, A TI - Young people and the struggle against drug abuse in the Arab countries. SO - Bulletin on Narcotics. 37(2-3):67-73, 1985 Apr-Sep. AS - Bull Narc. 37(2-3):67-73, 1985 Apr-Sep. NJ - Bulletin on narcotics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 2984719r, bq7 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Alcohol Drinking MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Egypt MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Marijuana Abuse/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Psychotropic Drugs MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - While cannabis consumption in Egypt has a centuries-long tradition, recent evidence on drug abuse shows new patterns and trends: young people from all socio-economic strata of society are increasingly involved with both traditional drugs, such as hashish, and the new pharmaceutical psychotropic substances that are emerging. A recent survey of the university students in Egypt, carried out by the author and others, showed that 34 per cent of the students who had succeeded in their studies and 42 per cent of those who had failed used drugs. In addition to the situation in Egypt, the article briefly reviews drug abuse among young people in some other Arab countries. To cope more effectively with the problems of drug abuse among the young, the author suggests that comprehensive community-based programmes need to be organized to improve the personal and social functioning of drug-dependent persons, to promote drug education and to increase understanding between younger and older generations. Epidemiological studies of the nature and extent of drug abuse, as well as evaluative studies of ongoing prevention and treatment programmes, need to be organized and carried out with a view to improving the effectiveness of drug abuse intervention among the young in the Arab countries. RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 0007-523X IL - 0007-523X PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1985 Apr-Sep DC - 19860210 YR - 1985 ED - 19860210 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3878175 <713. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 4050811 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rehder TL FA - Rehder, T L TI - Improving patient-oriented pharmacy services: what the individual pharmacist can do. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 42(9):1947-9, 1985 Sep. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 42(9):1947-9, 1985 Sep. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Humans MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - Nurses MH - *Pharmacy Service, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital/st [Standards] MH - Physicians MH - *Professional-Patient Relations AB - How individual pharmacists can improve patient-oriented services is described. Pharmacists practicing on patient-care units should assess how they can, by meeting the needs of other health-care providers, contribute to better drug therapy. They should examine how changes in the drug distribution system can allow more flexibility for providing services on the patient-care unit. They should promote appropriate drug use by identifying problems and bringing these to the attention of the providers involved. Individual pharmacists can be assigned to patient-care units to coordinate drug therapy and patient education. They should document their activities. Individual pharmacists can take responsibility not only for their own actions but also for the actions of other health-care professionals associated with drug therapy. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1985 Sep DC - 19851114 YR - 1985 ED - 19851114 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=4050811 <714. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 3927368 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Olivier B AU - Mos J AU - van Oorschot R FA - Olivier, B FA - Mos, J FA - van Oorschot, R TI - Maternal aggression in rats: effects of chlordiazepoxide and fluprazine. SO - Psychopharmacology. 86(1-2):68-76, 1985. AS - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 86(1-2):68-76, 1985. NJ - Psychopharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - qgi, 7608025 SB - Index Medicus CP - GERMANY, WEST MH - *Aggression/de [Drug Effects] MH - Animals MH - *Chlordiazepoxide/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Escape Reaction/de [Drug Effects] MH - Exploratory Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Maternal Behavior/de [Drug Effects] MH - Models, Psychological MH - *Piperazines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Rats MH - Sex Factors MH - Social Behavior AB - Although maternal aggression in rats is confined to a restricted post-partum period, the high and stable aggression level and the constancy of its behavioural structure make it an attractive experimental procedure for studying the behavioural effects of psychotropic drugs. Female rats were tested against naive male intruder rats for 5 or 10 min on post-partum days 3-9, during which aggression is stable. Chlordiazepoxide (CDP; 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, orally) had a biphasic effect on aggression; it increased aggression considerably at 5 and (to a lesser extent) at 10 mg/kg. At 20 mg/kg aggression returned to control level. CDP shortened the latency to the first attack at 5 mg/kg, but not at higher dosages. CDP enhanced aggression, particularly in the first 2 min of an encounter. It did not change the structure of the aggressive behaviour, but did induce a dose-dependent increase in feeding. Fluprazine (Flu; 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg IP), a specific antiaggressive (serenic) drug, induced a dose-dependent decrease in aggression and exerted its largest effect in the first 2 min of an encounter. In accordance with the reduced aggression, latencies to the first attack increased. Maternal aggression in rats represents an extension to other (male) aggression paradigms in psychopharmacology. First, it has no male counterpart. Secondly, the hormonal mechanisms underlying this behaviour differ from those of male aggression. Thirdly, the morphology of maternal aggression is different from that shown in male models of agonistic behaviour (e.g. resident-intruder). These features make maternal aggression an attractive paradigm for pharmacological studies of female behaviour. RN - 0 (Piperazines) RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) RN - 6RZ6XEZ3CR (Chlordiazepoxide) RN - 713BBL6840 (fluprazine) IS - 0033-3158 IL - 0033-3158 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1985 DC - 19850925 YR - 1985 ED - 19850925 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3927368 <715. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 4025143 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Normark JW AU - Eckel FM AU - Pfifferling JH AU - Cocolas G FA - Normark, J W FA - Eckel, F M FA - Pfifferling, J H FA - Cocolas, G TI - Impairment risk in North Carolina pharmacy students. SO - American Pharmacy. NS25(6):60-2, 1985 Jun. AS - Am Pharm. NS25(6):60-2, 1985 Jun. NJ - American pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7801164, 3bx SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Humans MH - North Carolina MH - Risk MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] IS - 0160-3450 IL - 0160-3450 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1985 Jun DC - 19850829 YR - 1985 ED - 19850829 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=4025143 <716. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 4025141 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - White CE FA - White, C E TI - The Virginia program to help impaired pharmacy students. SO - American Pharmacy. NS25(6):57-9, 1985 Jun. AS - Am Pharm. NS25(6):57-9, 1985 Jun. NJ - American pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7801164, 3bx SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Humans MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Virginia IS - 0160-3450 IL - 0160-3450 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1985 Jun DC - 19850829 YR - 1985 ED - 19850829 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=4025141 <717. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10269869 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lipton HL FA - Lipton, H L TI - Prescription drugs and the elderly. Strategies for effective drug prescribing and use. SO - Mobius. 4(4):145-55, 1984 Oct. AS - Mobius. 4(4):145-55, 1984 Oct. NJ - Mobius PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - nff, 8200998 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - Aged MH - *Drug Prescriptions/st [Standards] MH - *Drug Therapy/px [Psychology] MH - Humans MH - *Patient Compliance MH - Physician-Patient Relations AB - The author explains why the elderly are particularly at risk for problems of noncompliance with prescribed drug regimens and describes some innovative strategies that can be used to prevent or reduce both inappropriate prescribing by physicians and noncompliance among the elderly. These strategies can be applied by health professionals providing or monitoring drug therapy for the elderly (primarily physicians and pharmacists) and some can also be undertaken by the elderly working in close collaboration with clinical pharmacists. The paper concludes with an examination of the potential role of continuing education in ameliorating some of the problems discussed here. IS - 0272-3425 IL - 0272-3425 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1984 Oct DC - 19850319 YR - 1984 ED - 19850319 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=10269869 <718. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 6391104 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kauffman JF AU - Shaffer H AU - Burglass ME FA - Kauffman, J F FA - Shaffer, H FA - Burglass, M E TI - A strategy for the biological assessment of addiction. [Review] [26 refs] SO - Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse. 3(1-2):7-18, 1983-1984 Fall-Winter. AS - Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 3(1-2):7-18, 1983-1984 Fall-Winter. NJ - Advances in alcohol & substance abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 8107172, 2nz SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Amphetamines/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Cannabis MH - Central Nervous System Agents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Diazepam/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Drug Contamination MH - Drug Synergism MH - Hallucinogens/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Humans MH - Hypnotics and Sedatives/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Hypnotics and Sedatives/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Narcotics/po [Poisoning] MH - Opioid-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - *Pharmacology MH - Phencyclidine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - *Psychotropic Drugs/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Stimulation, Chemical MH - *Street Drugs/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/pp [Physiopathology] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/di [Diagnosis] AB - Substances and drugs with powerful psychotropic effects have come into common use during the past decade. Involvement with these substances can range from benign to tragic experiences. Such use may include: experimental, social or recreational use, long-term habituation, toxic reactions, medical-psychologic complications, overdose, and death. Although clinicians tend to analyze and explain many patterns of drug use in terms of various psychodynamic, sociologic and behavioral theories, all of these perspectives begin with the biological and pharmacological effects produced by the various drugs. During the assessment process, the clinician can avoid much confusion by learning to differentiate between the direct pharmacological effects and the diverse psychological and behavioral effects of the drug(s) or substances(s) in question. In order to make these distinctions, a foundation in the "biological basics" is essential. This paper presents a strategy for learning the direct tropic effects produced by various drugs. This approach organizes commonly used drugs into six basic categories reflecting the primary action of each: narcotics and related analgesics; sedative-hypnotics (including barbiturates, non-barbiturate sedatives, minor tranquilizers and alcohol); stimulants (including amphetamines, cocaine, and others); hallucinogens; and others like phencyclidine, cannabis and inhalants, which do not readily fit the other categories. [References: 26] RN - 0 (Amphetamines) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Agents) RN - 0 (Hallucinogens) RN - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives) RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) RN - 0 (Street Drugs) RN - J1DOI7UV76 (Phencyclidine) RN - Q3JTX2Q7TU (Diazepam) IS - 0270-3106 IL - 0270-3106 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - 86140 (United States PHS HHS) LG - English DP - 1983-1984 Fall-Winter DC - 19850109 YR - 1983 ED - 19850109 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=6391104 <719. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 6671846 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Einstein S FA - Einstein, S TI - Drug education: a primer. SO - International Journal of the Addictions. 18(8):1157-69, 1983 Dec. AS - Int J Addict. 18(8):1157-69, 1983 Dec. NJ - The International journal of the addictions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - gq8, 0123640 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Health Education/mt [Methods] MH - Health Education/st [Standards] MH - Health Education/td [Trends] MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] AB - A review of the increasing literature describing various drug education efforts and programs suggests that few of the critical issues presented in this article have been considered in program planning and implementation. Second, research has demonstrated that although drug education programs can increase drug knowledge relatively easily, it is more difficult to modify attitudes; that is, changes in knowledge are not paralleled by changes in attitudes. Third, many, if not most, programs have been found to have no effect upon drug use. A number of programs have reported reduced drug use, while a few others have reported increased drug use. Fourth, there is no evidence that greater knowledge about drugs per se stimulates their use. The fact that drug users know more about drugs than nonusers doesn't mean that knowledge leads to use. It has been suggested (Stuart, 1974) that drug education might stimulate use by (1) providing students with facts that overcome beliefs which inhibit use, (2) changing attitudes that prevent use, (3) encouraging students to think of themselves as potential users by virtue of having been included in drug education programs, and (4) providing specific information which serves to facilitate the use of drugs. One should, of course, consider the obvious possibility that greater knowledge results from use rather than vice versa. Fifth, there appears to be little predictable relationship between values communicated by drug education programs, values held by recipients, value changes and drug use, or abstinence. The same can be said about behavioral styles. When one goes beyond the limitations of drug/drug user stereotypes--to include people and the almost unlimited types and number of available chemical substances which we must learn to adapt to and cope with--one is confronted by the reality that drug education, as currently designed and practiced, may be irrelevant to individual and group needs. Sixth, drug education appears to have little or no effect upon the increased availability of increasing numbers and types of powerful active chemical substance for more and more segments of the population. Drug education is at best a parallel phenomenon to chemical coping, which necessitates drug availability as well as the process of social pharmacology. Seventh, to date drug education has had no predictable effect upon either the mystification or demystification of drugs, drug use, drug users, or abstinence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) IS - 0020-773X IL - 0020-773X PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1983 Dec DC - 19840510 YR - 1983 ED - 19840510 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=6671846 <720. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 6630559 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McGovern MP FA - McGovern, M P TI - Comparative evaluation of medical vs. social treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. SO - Journal of Clinical Psychology. 39(5):791-803, 1983 Sep. AS - J Clin Psychol. 39(5):791-803, 1983 Sep. NJ - Journal of clinical psychology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - htj, 0217132 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium/px [Psychology] MH - *Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium/th [Therapy] MH - *Chlordiazepoxide/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Motivation/de [Drug Effects] MH - Prognosis MH - Psychological Tests MH - Psychometrics MH - *Psychoses, Alcoholic/th [Therapy] MH - Referral and Consultation MH - *Socioenvironmental Therapy AB - Compared medical and social setting detoxification treatments of alcohol withdrawal syndrome on the degree to which each involved alcoholics in ongoing rehabilitative efforts. Two hundred patients were selected randomly from both treatments and administered the Physical Problem Inventory, Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Assessment of Life Experience, and Level of Motivation scales. Analysis of covariance with multiple covariates was employed to assess the effect of the treatment model on willingness to continue rehabilitation as measured by the dependent variable, ongoing referral status. The difference between detoxification treatment models was highly significant, and none of the covariates, which controlled for pretest differences and the assignment process, was significant. Results are discussed in the context of current notions of pharmacotherapy, learning, and physiological models of withdrawal treatment. In addition, expectancies, in terms of perceived responsibility for outcome, are discussed as important factors that contribute to the discrepancy between medical vs. social models in the treatment of alcoholism. RN - 6RZ6XEZ3CR (Chlordiazepoxide) IS - 0021-9762 IL - 0021-9762 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1983 Sep DC - 19831220 YR - 1983 ED - 19831220 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=6630559 <721. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 6631924 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Griffin JB Jr AU - Hill IK AU - Jones JJ AU - Keeley KA AU - Krug RS AU - Pokorny A FA - Griffin, J B Jr FA - Hill, I K FA - Jones, J J FA - Keeley, K A FA - Krug, R S FA - Pokorny, A TI - Evaluating alcoholism and drug abuse knowledge in medical education: a collaborative project. SO - Journal of Medical Education. 58(11):859-63, 1983 Nov. AS - J Med Educ. 58(11):859-63, 1983 Nov. NJ - Journal of medical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - j13, 0375377 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Alcoholism MH - Curriculum MH - *Education, Medical, Undergraduate MH - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods] MH - Humans MH - *Substance-Related Disorders AB - A series of six modular examinations, each representing a substance abuse problem, were developed by a National Institute on Drug Abuse task force working with consultants from the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). Each examination contained a patient management problem and multiple-choice questions. The examinations were administered to 629 third- and fourth-year U.S. medical students, and the results indicated that students performed less well in this area than on the traditional content of the NBME examinations. Students performed better on items related to pharmacologic effects of drugs of abuse, Alcoholics Anonymous, and the treatment of delirium tremens. Students did less well on items related to metabolic and biochemical areas; emergency room treatment of drug-overdosed, comatose patients; and legal issues in substance abuse. As a result of these data, a syllabus explaining each item in the available modules was developed, score-reporting to participating schools was modified, and the modules were shortened. Implications for medical education in substance abuse are discussed. IS - 0022-2577 IL - 0022-2577 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - 3 T15 DA07320-01S1 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1983 Nov DC - 19831217 YR - 1983 ED - 19831217 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=6631924 <722. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 6410246 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Bigelow GE AU - Griffiths RR AU - Stitzer ML AU - Liebson IA FA - Bigelow, G E FA - Griffiths, R R FA - Stitzer, M L FA - Liebson, I A TI - Development of clinical procedures for abuse liability assessment: progress report from the Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Baltimore City Hospitals. SO - NIDA Research Monograph. 43:125-31, 1983 Apr. AS - NIDA Res Monogr. 43:125-31, 1983 Apr. NJ - NIDA research monograph PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - nrm, 8811762 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Animals MH - Behavior, Animal/de [Drug Effects] MH - Body Weight/de [Drug Effects] MH - Emotions/de [Drug Effects] MH - Humans MH - Injections, Intravenous MH - Research Design MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/et [Etiology] MH - Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] IS - 1046-9516 IL - 1046-9516 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - DA-01022 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-01472 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-01943 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) etc. LG - English DP - 1983 Apr DC - 19830923 YR - 1983 ED - 19830923 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=6410246 <723. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7113915 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - 'Dear Dr. Paul'--alcoholic student's plight. SO - American Pharmacy. NS22(7):5-6, 1982 Jul. AS - Am Pharm. NS22(7):5-6, 1982 Jul. NJ - American pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7801164, 3bx SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Alcoholism MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders IS - 0160-3450 IL - 0160-3450 PT - Case Reports PT - Letter LG - English DP - 1982 Jul DC - 19821021 YR - 1982 ED - 19821021 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7113915 <724. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7108741 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McCarty D AU - Diamond W AU - Kaye M FA - McCarty, D FA - Diamond, W FA - Kaye, M TI - Alcohol, sexual arousal, and the transfer of excitation. SO - Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. 42(6):977-88, 1982 Jun. AS - J Pers Soc Psychol. 42(6):977-88, 1982 Jun. NJ - Journal of personality and social psychology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jn3, 0014171 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Alcohol Drinking MH - Alcoholic Intoxication/px [Psychology] MH - Erotica MH - *Ethanol/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Fantasy MH - Female MH - Field Dependence-Independence MH - Humans MH - *Libido/de [Drug Effects] MH - Male MH - Personality MH - Pulse MH - Semantic Differential MH - Sex Factors MH - Visual Perception AB - Investigations of the alcohol-related disinhibition of responses to deviant sexual stimuli suggest that the pharmacological actions of ethanol have little influence on the disinhibition process. The mere belief that alcohol is consumed is sufficient to induce increased sexual arousal. Studies with conventional stimuli, however, suggest that interactions occur between the pharmacological presence of ethanol and the psychological expectations of its presence. Thus, this article examines the contribution of pharmacological, cognitive, and environmental variables to perceived sexual arousal. A balanced-placebo design varied drink instruction and drink content independently. Pictures that elicited either a low or moderate level of self-reported sexual arousal were viewed and evaluated by men (n = 64) and women (n = 64) after completing their drinks. The evaluations and arousal measures suggested significant Instruction X Content X Arousal interactions. The strongest perceptions of arousal occurred among individuals who did not know they were drinking alcohol (i.e., subjects who were told that their alcoholic drinks did not contain alcohol). Apparently, when drinkers were unaware of the alcohol intoxication, the pharmacological excitation induced by alcohol transferred to the perception and evaluation of the slides. RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) IS - 0022-3514 IL - 0022-3514 PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1982 Jun DC - 19821021 YR - 1982 ED - 19821021 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7108741 <725. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7048975 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Engs RC FA - Engs, R C TI - Medical, nursing, and pharmacy students' attitudes towards alcoholism in Queensland, Australia. SO - Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 6(2):225-9, 1982. AS - Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 6(2):225-9, 1982. NJ - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 35x, 7707242 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Alcoholism/px [Psychology] MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Australia MH - Humans MH - Students, Medical/px [Psychology] MH - Students, Nursing/px [Psychology] MH - Students, Pharmacy/px [Psychology] MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Time Factors IS - 0145-6008 IL - 0145-6008 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1982 DC - 19820924 YR - 1982 ED - 19820924 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7048975 <726. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7304625 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Miller KO FA - Miller, K O TI - Pharmacist involvement in an endocrinology clinic. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 38(11):1720-1, 1981 Nov. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 38(11):1720-1, 1981 Nov. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Endocrine System Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] MH - Humans MH - *Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] MH - Pharmacy Service, Hospital MH - South Carolina AB - The patient-care activities of pharmacists involved in the operation of an endocrinology clinic are described. During the patient's initial clinic visit, the pharmacist completes a medication profile by interviewing the patients and reviewing each patient's medication. The clinic also serves as a teaching laboratory. Pharmacy students gain experience interviewing, obtaining medication profiles, evaluating drug-related problems, and conveying their findings to the physician. The pharmacists' activities include: (1) explaining the prescribed medication to the patients on a one-to-one basis, (2) discussing the importance of compliance with the family members who motivate and reinforce positive behavior, (3) fostering relationships with the patients, physicians, and other patient-care personnel, and (4) helping the patients obtain medications that are not commonly found in community pharmacies. Pharmacist involvement in an endocrinology clinic can be an effective means of ensuring patient compliance and enhancing interdisciplinary participation, and it can serve as a clinical learning experience for pharmacy students. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1981 Nov DC - 19820120 YR - 1981 ED - 19820120 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7304625 <727. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7029360 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schuster CR AU - Johanson CE FA - Schuster, C R FA - Johanson, C E TI - An analysis of drug-seeking behavior in animals. [Review] [59 refs] SO - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 5(3):315-23, 1981. AS - Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 5(3):315-23, 1981. NJ - Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - oa7, 7806090 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Age Factors MH - Animals MH - *Behavior, Animal/de [Drug Effects] MH - Conditioning, Operant/de [Drug Effects] MH - Extinction, Psychological MH - Food Deprivation MH - Genotype MH - Humans MH - Reinforcement (Psychology) MH - Reinforcement Schedule MH - Satiation MH - Sex Factors MH - Species Specificity MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/px [Psychology] MH - Water Deprivation AB - This article reviews the literature on the behavioral aspects of opiate dependence. Available data on the variables affecting drug-maintained behavior are presented. These variables are: (a) reinforcement variables, including parameters such as delay, magnitude, rate and duration of the reinforcing stimulus; (b) antecedent conditions, such as deprivation and satiation; (c) organismic variables, such as genotype, species, sex and age; (d) current environmental contingencies, such as the schedule of reinforcement in effect, or extinction; and (e) such experiential variables as pharmacological and behavioral history of the organism. The review ends with a discussion of the implications of these variables for the treatment of drug abuse. [References: 59] IS - 0149-7634 IL - 0149-7634 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - Review NO - DA-00024 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-00047 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) NO - DA-00250 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1981 DC - 19820120 YR - 1981 ED - 19820120 RD - 20071114 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7029360 <728. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7295459 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Reid JL FA - Reid, J L TI - The Fourth Lilly Prize Lecture, University of Aberdeen, September 1980. The clinical pharmacology of clonidine and related central antihypertensive agents. SO - British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 12(3):295-302, 1981 Sep. AS - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 12(3):295-302, 1981 Sep. NJ - British journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - au9, 7503323 OI - Source: NLM. PMC1401811 SB - Index Medicus CP - ENGLAND MH - Antihypertensive Agents/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Blood Pressure/de [Drug Effects] MH - Clonidine/ae [Adverse Effects] MH - Clonidine/me [Metabolism] MH - *Clonidine/pd [Pharmacology] MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Half-Life MH - Humans MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - MN3L5RMN02 (Clonidine) IS - 0306-5251 IL - 0306-5251 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1981 Sep DC - 19820109 YR - 1981 ED - 19820109 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7295459 <729. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7274001 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Engs RC FA - Engs, R C TI - The drug-use patterns of helping-profession students in Brisbane, Australia. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 6(4):231-46, 1980 Oct. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 6(4):231-46, 1980 Oct. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - SWITZERLAND MH - Analgesics MH - Australia MH - Caffeine MH - Cannabis MH - Ethanol MH - Female MH - Health Manpower MH - Humans MH - Hypnotics and Sedatives MH - Male MH - Plants, Toxic MH - *Students MH - Students, Medical MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - Tobacco MH - Tranquilizing Agents AB - A survey of 1691 first-and final-year students in the helping professions (medicine, law, nursing, pharmacy, police science, seminary, social work/ psychology, and teaching) as to their use of drugs was carried out during February to April, 1980, in Brisbane, Australia. The results indicated that about 86% drank coffee or tea, 85% drank alcohol, 85% used non-prescription analgesics, 31% used tobacco, 25% antihistamines, 9% marijuana, 9% sedatives, 6% tranquilizers, 2% hallucinogens, 2% stimulants, 1% cocaine and 1% used opiates at least once a year. Of these students, females used analgesics and antihistamines significantly more frequently than males and consumed more caffeine, tobacco and analgesics than males, while males drank significantly more alcohol than females. Final-year students used more alcohol, coffee or tea and tobacco, and used marijuana, coffee and tea and tobacco significantly more frequently than first-year students. Individuals who did not consider religion important used more alcohol and tobacco and used marijuana, tobacco and hallucinogens more frequently compared to individuals who considered religion to be important. There was also a significant difference in drug usage between the different courses of study for most of the substances, with law students using the majority of substances the most frequently and seminarians the least frequently. RN - 0 (Analgesics) RN - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives) RN - 0 (Tranquilizing Agents) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) IS - 0376-8716 IL - 0376-8716 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1980 Oct DC - 19811119 YR - 1980 ED - 19811119 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7274001 <730. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7282540 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Coster JM FA - Coster, J M TI - Students learn about drug abuse. SO - American Pharmacy. NS21(9):54-5, 1981 Sep. AS - Am Pharm. NS21(9):54-5, 1981 Sep. NJ - American pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7801164, 3bx SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - *Substance-Related Disorders IS - 0160-3450 IL - 0160-3450 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1981 Sep DC - 19811118 YR - 1981 ED - 19811118 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7282540 <731. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 6791005 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sharon AC AU - Wise DL FA - Sharon, A C FA - Wise, D L TI - Development of drug delivery systems for use in treatment of narcotic addiction. SO - NIDA Research Monograph. 28:194-213, 1981. AS - NIDA Res Monogr. 28:194-213, 1981. NJ - NIDA research monograph PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - nrm, 8811762 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Animals MH - Delayed-Action Preparations MH - Drug Compounding MH - Drug Implants MH - Haplorhini MH - Humans MH - Morphine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Naltrexone/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Narcotic Antagonists/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - Narcotic Antagonists/st [Standards] MH - *Opioid-Related Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - United States AB - The long term goal of the NIDA narcotic antagonist program of developing an implantable, biodegradable, naltrexone/PLGA matrix system which will sustain the delivery of naltrexone to biological systems for one month has been achieved. The dosage forms which provide the desired delivery characteristics are 1.5 mm diameter beads composed of 70% by weight naltrexone base in 40,000 molecular weight, 90L/10G poly (L(+)-lactic-co-glycolic acid). Other dosage forms, including 1.5 mm diameter rods which provide 6 months' naltrexone release, finely divided injectable powders which provide up to 30 days' naltrexone release, and 1.5 mm diameter rods which provide 2 weeks' sustained delivery of morphine, have also been investigated. In vitro and in vivo release rates have been determined by measuring chemical concentrations in pH 7 buffer solution and urine, respectively. In vivo efficacy of naltrexone sustained delivery devices has been measured by direct challenge with morphine (Dewey-Harris mouse tail-flick test) and inhibition of morphine self-administration in monkeys. Good Manufacturing Practices documentation has been developed and used to produce a large batch of the 1.5 mm diameter naltrexone bead dosage forms at an FDA-registered pharmaceutical manufacturer. These beads, produced at the University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, are awaiting use in human clinical trials. RN - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) RN - 0 (Drug Implants) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) RN - 5S6W795CQM (Naltrexone) RN - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine) IS - 1046-9516 IL - 1046-9516 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1981 DC - 19811025 YR - 1981 ED - 19811025 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=6791005 <732. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7241253 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Nelson JE FA - Nelson, J E TI - Drug abusers on the job. SO - Journal of Occupational Medicine. 23(6):403-8, 1981 Jun. AS - J Occup Med. 23(6):403-8, 1981 Jun. NJ - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - jfr, 7502807 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Costs and Cost Analysis MH - Heroin Dependence/rh [Rehabilitation] MH - Humans MH - Methadone/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - *Occupational Medicine MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ec [Economics] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] MH - United States AB - Drug abusers in the working population range from the functional to the dysfunctional. Functional drug-abusing employees may work as productive members of a company for years without incident or detection. Cases have been documented of long-term heroin addicts with stable 10- and 20-year work histories., Studies of drug addicts in treatment with known work histories reveal that such persons can, and do, hold a broad range of jobs in the work force. In a study by Levy of 95 former addicts with histories of simultaneous employment and undetected drug abuse (including on-the-job use by 91 of the 95 addicts), the following occupations were found: bank teller; mail clerk; secretary; delivery man; stock clerk; college registrar; typist; baker; nurses aide; medical supply clerk; messenger; pharmacy clerk; receptionist; teletype operator; men's clothing salesman; truck driver; busboy; telephone installer; roofer; clothing designer; assembly line worker; waitress; auto mechanic; security officer; postal worker; credit collector; plant manager; and rigger. Reports from CODAP, a Federal statistical system covering drug treatment programs, indicate that about 20% of opiate users admitted to treatment were employed full time at the time of admission. Caplovitz found that the stable worker-addict is more similar in basic characteristics to other workers than to nonworking addicts. RN - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone) IS - 0096-1736 IL - 0096-1736 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1981 Jun DC - 19810820 YR - 1981 ED - 19810820 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7241253 <733. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7424930 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Scott DM AU - Nordin JD FA - Scott, D M FA - Nordin, J D TI - Pharmacist's role in projects for children and youth. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 37(10):1339-42, 1980 Oct. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 37(10):1339-42, 1980 Oct. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Ambulatory Care Facilities/ma [Manpower] MH - *Ambulatory Care Facilities/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Child Health Services/ma [Manpower] MH - *Child Health Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Drug Information Services/ma [Manpower] MH - Health Occupations/ed [Education] MH - Minnesota MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] AB - The establishment of clinical and distribute pharmaceutical services in an ambulatory care clinic serving primarily children and youth is discussed. In addition to assuring that drug therapy is appropriate and needed drugs are dispensed, the pharmacy staff administers the first dose of medications prescribed for pediatric patients. As part of the clinic's interdisciplinary health care team, pharmacists also provide therapeutic and pharmacokinetic consultations, drug monitoring, drug information, educational programs for patients, staff, pharmacy students and the community, and drug dependency and poison prevention services. Health professionals, patients, and the community have accepted the expanded role of the pharmacists. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1980 Oct DC - 19801218 YR - 1980 ED - 19801218 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7424930 <734. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7416176 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Montagne M AU - Clute SS AU - McKennell T FA - Montagne, M FA - Clute, S S FA - McKennell, T TI - A statewide decentralized public drug information system. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 37(9):1211-5, 1980 Sep. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 37(9):1211-5, 1980 Sep. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Community Pharmacy Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - *Drug Information Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Minnesota MH - *Regional Medical Programs/og [Organization & Administration] AB - A statewide drug information system designed to assist consumers and health professionals is described, with emphasis on the training of pharmacists in the system's satellites. The development of the system was initially funded by a 10-month, $12,500 grant from the Chemical Dependency Division of the State of Minnesota Department of Public Welfare. Twenty-one satellite drug information centers in community or hospital pharmacies are linked by a WATS telephone line to the library of the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy. Consumers' questions are handled through the satellites with the pharmacists there referring to the central information source as needed. All the pharmacists in the system are trained in a one and one-half day program that covers (1) consultation skills, (2) communication skills, (3) drug information retrieval and distribution, (4) practical applications, (5) promotion, and (6) resources and referrals. The average amount of time devoted to the service for all pharmacy sites is 15-20 minutes per day. Percentage of time that specific resources are used include one's own knowledge and experience, 64.8%; a fellow pharmacist, 5.7%; another resource individual, 5.1%; a standard pharmacy reference book, 13.4%; the central clearinghouse at the college, 6.2%; and another resource facility, 4.8%. The authors believe that their system can be easily adapted to other areas. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English DP - 1980 Sep DC - 19801124 YR - 1980 ED - 19801124 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7416176 <735. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 7416175 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Sigell LT AU - Piascik MF AU - Parker RE AU - Nelson ED AU - Williams RB FA - Sigell, L T FA - Piascik, M F FA - Parker, R E FA - Nelson, E D FA - Williams, R B TI - Consumer focus of a university drug and poison information center. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 37(9):1206-10, 1980 Sep. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 37(9):1206-10, 1980 Sep. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Academic Medical Centers MH - Community-Institutional Relations MH - *Drug Information Services/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Drug Information Services/ut [Utilization] MH - Ohio MH - Records as Topic AB - The consumer-oriented aspect of a university drug and poison information center is described. The University of Cincinnati Medical Center began its 24-hour consumer drug information telephone service in 1972. It is staffed by seven full-time employees, and pharmacists and pharmacy residents of nearby hospitals handle evening and weekend calls. All participating personnel are trained in structured programs. The $78,000 annual budget for the consumer drug information service is funded exclusively from external sources such as mental health agencies, foundations, and donations. Of 40,719 calls handled by the center in 1979, 83% were from the public. The total annual call volume has increased by 250% since 1972. In telephone follow-up of consumer calls, 73% of persons claimed they followed verbatim the advice given. Of calls during 1972, 1974, 1977, and 1979, 32.2% concerned drug abuse; 28.6%, identification of ingredients; and 10.9%, efficacy. Data from a three-month study in 1979 showed that the goal perceived by the information provider was to satisfy the curiosity of the caller 63.6% of the time (35.6% of the time immediate action was indicated). The authors believe that the center promotes appropriate use of physicians and pharmacists as sources of information for consumers. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. NO - T01 DA 01812 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English DP - 1980 Sep DC - 19801124 YR - 1980 ED - 19801124 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7416175 <736. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 717959 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kunin CM FA - Kunin, C M TI - Problem of antibiotic usage. Definitions, causes, and proposed solutions. SO - Annals of Internal Medicine. 89(5 Pt 2 Suppl):802-5, 1978 Nov. AS - Ann Intern Med. 89(5 Pt 2 Suppl):802-5, 1978 Nov. NJ - Annals of internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372351, 5a6 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Drug Industry MH - *Drug Utilization MH - Hospitals MH - Humans MH - Quality of Health Care AB - Standardized surveillance methods are needed in order to obtain valid comparison among institutions concerning use of antimicrobial agents. These include use of data from the hospital pharmacy and review of routine orders for propolyaxis in surgery and for specific infectious diseases. Audits of individual agents should be based on standardized guidelines for use. Attempts to improve the quality of use of antimicrobial agents require understanding of the constraints of medical practice that effect use of drugs to solve problems. These include the practice setting, cost and availability of laboratory support, and patient expectation. Promotion by the pharmaceutical industry capitalizes on the motivation of the physician to help his patient, often in setting in which diagnosis and management are uncertain. Promotion is a continuous process beginning early in medical school and extending to the media and university teaching staffs. The overall solution to inappropriate antibiotic use requires more than educational programs. There should also be a well-structured hospital program regulating pharmaceutical representatives, the formulary, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, justification for high-cost agents, and development of mutually agreed on guidelines for use. RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) IS - 0003-4819 IL - 0003-4819 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1978 Nov DC - 19790115 YR - 1978 ED - 19790115 RD - 20061115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=717959 <737. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 696707 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Harris IB AU - Westermeyer J FA - Harris, I B FA - Westermeyer, J TI - Chemical dependency education within medical schools: supervised clinical experience. SO - American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. 5(1):59-74, 1978. AS - Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 5(1):59-74, 1978. NJ - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3gw, 7502510 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Community Mental Health Centers MH - Counseling MH - *Curriculum MH - *Education, Medical MH - Evaluation Studies as Topic MH - Feedback MH - Goals MH - Humans MH - Physician's Role MH - *Substance-Related Disorders AB - Physicians can play a significant role in chemical dependency, including early identification and intervention, referral to treatment resources, patient and community education, and responsible prescribing practices. Some medical schools have begun to provide instruction in the psychology, pharmacology, and physical pathology of chemical dependency; yet surveys indicate that few offer supervised clinical experience with chemically dependent patients. At the University of Minnesota Medical School, chemical dependency treatment centers are used to provide supervised clinical tutorials for all second year students as part of a coordinated chemical dependency curriculum. The authors describe the development, goals, organization, instructional approaches, and assessment of these tutorials. It is argued that chemical dependency treatment centers are a valuable resource in the education of medical students, as well as other professionls, if used with a view to their assets and limitations. IS - 0095-2990 IL - 0095-2990 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1978 DC - 19781202 YR - 1978 ED - 19781202 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=696707 <738. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10237167 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Knapp DE AU - Morris LA FA - Knapp, D E FA - Morris, L A TI - Drug-use problem solving. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 39(5):599-600, 1975 Dec. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 39(5):599-600, 1975 Dec. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372650, 3r9 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - *Patient Compliance MH - Pharmacists MH - Professional-Patient Relations MH - *Psychology, Social/ed [Education] IS - 0002-9459 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1975 Dec DC - 19780930 YR - 1975 ED - 19780930 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=10237167 <739. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10316657 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - St Dennis CD FA - St Dennis, C D TI - Perspectives on the development and implementation of an undergraduate general-university class dealing with mind altering drugs and their use in today's society. SO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 39(3):245-51, 1975 Aug. AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 39(3):245-51, 1975 Aug. NJ - American journal of pharmaceutical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372650, 3r9 SB - Health Administration Journals CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Evaluation Studies as Topic MH - Humans MH - Organization and Administration MH - *Psychotropic Drugs MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ed [Education] MH - Washington RN - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs) IS - 0002-9459 IL - 0002-9459 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1975 Aug DC - 19780930 YR - 1975 ED - 19780930 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=10316657 <740. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 655180 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Morton WA Jr AU - Bridges ME FA - Morton, W A Jr FA - Bridges, M E TI - Pharmaceutical services in a medical screening clinic. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 35(5):574-8, 1978 May. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 35(5):574-8, 1978 May. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Ambulatory Care/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Evaluation Studies as Topic MH - *Health Facility Administration MH - Humans MH - Medical Records MH - Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration] MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - *Pharmaceutical Services MH - Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] MH - South Carolina AB - Pharmaceutical services in a medical screening clinic are described. Services provided include medication refills, patient education and medication histories. During the first year 1,067 patients were interviewed, evaluated and received these services from the pharmacist. The majority of these patients were seen for medication refills. A clinical assessment was made by the pharmacist of the current drug therapy, evidence of new or drug-related problems, and compliance with medication regimens. One hundred seventy-six patients were found to be receiving inappropriate drug therapy, 69 patients were found to have drug-related problems and 248 patients were found to be noncompliant with their drug regimens. Patients received 1,633 refills and 24 new prescriptions. One hundred fifty patients were refused refills because the medications were being abused or were not indicated. Many patients (564) received extensive education about their medications and diseases. One hundred eleven laboratory tests were ordered and 323 clinic appointments were made. The pharmacist is providing services which are an asset to both patients and other members of the health care team. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1978 May DC - 19780715 YR - 1978 ED - 19780715 RD - 20101118 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=655180 <741. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23064 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schachter S FA - Schachter, S TI - Pharmacological and psychological determinants of smoking. A New York University honors program lecture. SO - Annals of Internal Medicine. 88(1):104-14, 1978 Jan. AS - Ann Intern Med. 88(1):104-14, 1978 Jan. NJ - Annals of internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372351, 5a6 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Affective Symptoms/et [Etiology] MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nicotine MH - Smoking/co [Complications] MH - Smoking/px [Psychology] MH - *Smoking MH - Stress, Psychological MH - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MH - Substance-Related Disorders MH - Urine AB - Arguments for and against low-nicotine cigarettes are examined by considering evidence relevant to the gratification of smoking and to nicotine as an addicting agent. A variety of studies indicates that smokers regulate nicotine intake and that variations in smoking rate that customarily have been interpreted in psychological terms are better understood as attempts to regulate nicotine. These findings bring into question the justification for the low-nicotine cigarette campaign. RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) IS - 0003-4819 IL - 0003-4819 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1978 Jan DC - 19780223 YR - 1978 ED - 19780223 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=23064 <742. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 880874 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Schmidt WK AU - Burchiel SW AU - Meyers FH FA - Schmidt, W K FA - Burchiel, S W FA - Meyers, F H TI - The pharmacology of drug abuse--a novel approach to drug education at San Quentin. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 2(3):175-83, 1977 May. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 2(3):175-83, 1977 May. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - SWITZERLAND MH - Adult MH - Attitude MH - California MH - Curriculum MH - Evaluation Studies as Topic MH - Faculty MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - *Prisoners MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/ed [Education] MH - Teaching Materials AB - A novel and successful undergraduate-level course in pharmacology has been established as part of the drug education program at California's San Quentin State Prison. The program was designed to create a two-way teaching--learning experience between former drug abusers and their teachers, all of whom were doctoral candidates and post-doctoral scholars in pharmacology at a nearby university medical center. In reviewing the pharmacology of psychoactive drugs, the emphasis was on the principles of drug action in the central nervous system, with additional attention to those factors that contribute a potential for abuse. An attempt was made to present information in a strictly objective and non-prejudical manner. An initial analysis has shown a possible change in attitude among the student-inmates toward drugs of abuse. It is likely that courses following a similar design would be well received and successful in any type of undergraduate program that addresses the subject of drug abuse. IS - 0376-8716 IL - 0376-8716 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. LG - English DP - 1977 May DC - 19770917 YR - 1977 ED - 19770917 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=880874 <743. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 585857 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Daniel E FA - Daniel, E TI - Chronic problems in rehabilitation of patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. SO - Nursing Clinics of North America. 12(2):345-56, 1977 Jun. AS - Nurs Clin North Am. 12(2):345-56, 1977 Jun. NJ - The Nursing clinics of North America PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - o92, 0042033 SB - Index Medicus SB - Nursing Journal CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Alcoholism/co [Complications] MH - *Ascites/et [Etiology] MH - Ascites/nu [Nursing] MH - Ascites/th [Therapy] MH - *Hepatic Encephalopathy/et [Etiology] MH - Hepatic Encephalopathy/nu [Nursing] MH - Hepatic Encephalopathy/th [Therapy] MH - Humans MH - *Liver Cirrhosis/co [Complications] MH - Liver Cirrhosis/et [Etiology] MH - Nursing Assessment MH - Patient Care Planning AB - Hepatic encephalopathy and ascites are two major complications occuring in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. Both may be intractable to treatment and may have poor prognoses. Many psychosocial problems are present, and counseling should be geared to optimizing maximum adaptation to the alterations that have resulted. Family and significant others are important support systems for the patient and should be included in as much of the nursing and medical care as possible. The nurse is responsible for a myriad of activities in providing care for cirrhotic patients who develop these chronic problems. Background knowledge regarding nursing theory, pharmacology, pathophysiology, psychology, sociology, and principles of teaching is imperative for effective intervention in these patient care situations. IS - 0029-6465 IL - 0029-6465 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1977 Jun DC - 19770729 YR - 1977 ED - 19770729 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=585857 <744. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 949062 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - McKenney JM AU - Harrison WL FA - McKenney, J M FA - Harrison, W L TI - Drug-related hospital admissions. SO - American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 33(8):792-5, 1976 Aug. AS - Am J Hosp Pharm. 33(8):792-5, 1976 Aug. NJ - American journal of hospital pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 3i0, 0370474 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Drug Hypersensitivity MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Female MH - Hospitalization MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance MH - Poisoning/ep [Epidemiology] AB - The association between hospital admissions and drug-related problems was studied in 216 patients. All patients admitted to a general 100-bed ward in a large teaching hospital over a two-month period were interviewed by the pharmacist to determine (1) prescription and nonprescription drugs regularly administered by the patient, (2) method of administration, (3) patients' compliance with prescribed therapy, and (4) signs and symptoms of adverse drug reactions. Fifty-nine (27.3%) patients were found to have a drug-related problem associated with their hospital admission. Twenty-four patients (11.1%) had an adverse drug reaction associated with their hospital admission; in only 17 (7.9%) of the patients did the adverse reaction cause the hospital admission. Adverse drug reactions and noncompliance (10.5%) appeared to be the principal factors in hospital admission. To a lesser extent, inadequate therapy, improper or erroneous drug use and drug overdose were found to be associated with hospital admissions. As to mechanism of drug reaction, a drug side effect was involved in most cases. While hospital pharmacists have traditionally concentrated on improving inpatient distribution services, this study indicates a need for the improvement of drug monitoring and education services available to patients in outpatient settings. IS - 0002-9289 IL - 0002-9289 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1976 Aug DC - 19761001 YR - 1976 ED - 19761001 RD - 20131121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=949062 <745. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 1269204 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Wade DN FA - Wade, D N TI - The background pattern of drug usage in Australia. SO - Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 19(5 Pt 2):651-6, 1976 May. AS - Clin Pharmacol Ther. 19(5 Pt 2):651-6, 1976 May. NJ - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - dhr, 0372741 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Australia MH - Child MH - Costs and Cost Analysis MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - *Drug Utilization MH - Environment MH - Humans MH - Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services MH - Middle Aged MH - Pharmacists MH - Physicians MH - Substance-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology] AB - The pattern of drug usage by urban populations has been studied in two typical Australian cities: Traralgon, Victoria, and Sydney, New South Wales. The study, lasting 1 year, involved questioning of 10% of the residents in households selected by random sampling and records of pharmacists. The questions related to state of health, recurrent or chronic disability, and drug exposures during 2 wk preceding the interview. Figures obtained from the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (a system of partial federal subsidy) and the Morbidity Survey of the Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners showed Australians to be near the top of the world's drug takers, in comparison for example with Americans: between 6 and 7 prescriptions per capita in Australia and between 4 and 5 prescriptions in the United States in 1973. The consumption of over-the-counter drugs (OTC) was estimated from the Commonwealth Statistician's figures by subtracting the expenditure for prescription drugs from the total annual chemist sales--$A450,000,000. This represents a cost of $A33.85 for every man, woman, and child. Of this amount $A19.07 was spent for OTC drugs, analgesics and cough suppressants being the two largest items. Roughly 60% of Australians average two or more doses of analgesics per day, with some patients consuming 12 or more doses a day. An association between this high consumption of analgesics and an alarming incidence of iatrogenic disease--analgesic nephropathy and gastrointestinal hemorrhage--is postulated. It is concluded that this level of drug usage must be symptomatic of underlying stresses and pressures of urban society in that country, along with a cultural factor of ready acceptance of the social use of drugs. IS - 0009-9236 IL - 0009-9236 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1976 May DC - 19760802 YR - 1976 ED - 19760802 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=1269204 <746. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 942741 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Valentine EM AU - Herman CM AU - Levchuk JW AU - Morris RW FA - Valentine, E M FA - Herman, C M FA - Levchuk, J W FA - Morris, R W TI - Project SPEED--four perspectives. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 16(1):30-1, 46, 1976 Jan. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc. 16(1):30-1, 46, 1976 Jan. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7505576, h8n SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - United States IS - 0003-0465 IL - 0003-0465 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1976 Jan DC - 19760311 YR - 1976 ED - 19760311 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=942741 <747. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 4683747 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Marks RM AU - Sachar EJ FA - Marks, R M FA - Sachar, E J TI - Undertreatment of medical inpatients with narcotic analgesics. SO - Annals of Internal Medicine. 78(2):173-81, 1973 Feb. AS - Ann Intern Med. 78(2):173-81, 1973 Feb. NJ - Annals of internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0372351, 5a6 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Analgesics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Female MH - Health Surveys MH - Hospitalization MH - Humans MH - Interview, Psychological MH - Male MH - Medical Records MH - Meperidine/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Meperidine/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - Narcotics/ad [Administration & Dosage] MH - *Narcotics/tu [Therapeutic Use] MH - New York City MH - Physicians MH - Sampling Studies MH - Substance-Related Disorders MH - Surveys and Questionnaires RN - 0 (Analgesics) RN - 0 (Narcotics) RN - 9E338QE28F (Meperidine) IS - 0003-4819 IL - 0003-4819 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1973 Feb DC - 19730313 YR - 1973 ED - 19730313 RD - 20151119 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=4683747 <748. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5535634 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Einstein S AU - Wolfson E FA - Einstein, S FA - Wolfson, E TI - Alcoholism curricula: how professionals are trained. SO - International Journal of the Addictions. 5(2):295-312, 1970 Jun. AS - Int J Addict. 5(2):295-312, 1970 Jun. NJ - The International journal of the addictions PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - gq8, 0123640 SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - *Alcoholism MH - *Curriculum MH - *Education, Medical MH - *Education, Nursing MH - *Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - *Jurisprudence/ed [Education] MH - Methods MH - Periodicals as Topic MH - *Psychology/ed [Education] MH - *Social Work/ed [Education] MH - Teaching MH - Time Factors IS - 0020-773X IL - 0020-773X PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1970 Jun DC - 19720322 YR - 1970 ED - 19720322 RD - 20071115 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5535634 <749. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5166967 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Weisman T FA - Weisman, T TI - A student-initiated curricular option in behavioral pharmacology. SO - Journal of Medical Education. 46(10):896-900, 1971 Oct. AS - J Med Educ. 46(10):896-900, 1971 Oct. NJ - Journal of medical education PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - j13, 0375377 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Alcoholism MH - *Curriculum MH - *Education, Medical MH - Humans MH - Ohio MH - *Psychopharmacology/ed [Education] MH - *Students, Medical MH - Substance-Related Disorders IS - 0022-2577 IL - 0022-2577 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1971 Oct DC - 19720225 YR - 1971 ED - 19720225 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5166967 <750. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5165794 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Lee PR FA - Lee, P R TI - Pharmacy and the health manpower crisis. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 11(6):318-20 passim, 1971 Jun. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc. 11(6):318-20 passim, 1971 Jun. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7505576, h8n SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Community Pharmacy Services MH - *Delivery of Health Care MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Humans MH - Medication Systems, Hospital MH - Pharmaceutical Services MH - *Pharmacists MH - Pharmacy MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - Substance-Related Disorders MH - United States IS - 0003-0465 IL - 0003-0465 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1971 Jun DC - 19720121 YR - 1971 ED - 19720121 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5165794 <751. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5112968 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Cain RM AU - Kahn JS FA - Cain, R M FA - Kahn, J S TI - The pharmacist as a member of the health team. SO - American Journal of Public Health. 61(11):2223-8, 1971 Nov. AS - Am J Public Health. 61(11):2223-8, 1971 Nov. NJ - American journal of public health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 1254074, 3xw OI - Source: NLM. PMC1530150 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Allied Health Personnel/ed [Education] MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Community Health Services/ma [Manpower] MH - Drug Prescriptions MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Health Education MH - Health Manpower/ut [Utilization] MH - Humans MH - Inservice Training MH - Interprofessional Relations MH - Medical Records MH - *Patient Care Team MH - *Pharmacists/ut [Utilization] MH - Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee MH - Substance-Related Disorders MH - United States MH - United States Office of Economic Opportunity IS - 0090-0036 IL - 0090-0036 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1971 Nov DC - 19720102 YR - 1971 ED - 19720102 RD - 20081121 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5112968 <752. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5514566 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Kratz AM FA - Kratz, A M TI - Planning a drug abuse prevention program for junior and senior high school students. SO - American Journal of Pharmacy & the Sciences Supporting Public Health. 142(4):180-3, 1970 Jul-Aug. AS - Am J Pharm Sci Support Public Health. 142(4):180-3, 1970 Jul-Aug. NJ - American journal of pharmacy and the sciences supporting public health PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 0416354, 3se SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Adolescent MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - *Students MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control] IS - 0002-9467 IL - 0002-9467 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1970 Jul-Aug DC - 19711116 YR - 1970 ED - 19711116 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5514566 <753. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5102205 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - Drug abuse education--a challenge. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 11(2):90, 1971 Feb. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc. 11(2):90, 1971 Feb. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7505576, h8n SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Education MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists MH - Students, Pharmacy MH - *Substance-Related Disorders IS - 0003-0465 IL - 0003-0465 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1971 Feb DC - 19710430 YR - 1971 ED - 19710430 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5102205 <754. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5530855 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Anonymous TI - The pharmacist and drug abuse education. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 10(12):678-9, 1970 Dec. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc. 10(12):678-9, 1970 Dec. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7505576, h8n SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists MH - *Substance-Related Disorders IS - 0003-0465 IL - 0003-0465 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1970 Dec DC - 19710210 YR - 1970 ED - 19710210 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5530855 <755. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5528357 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Zanowiak P FA - Zanowiak, P TI - The role of a school of pharmacy. Drug abuse education programming for a rural state--one approach. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 10(10):566-8 passim, 1970 Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc. 10(10):566-8 passim, 1970 Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7505576, h8n SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - Schools, Pharmacy MH - Societies MH - *Substance-Related Disorders IS - 0003-0465 IL - 0003-0465 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1970 Oct DC - 19701127 YR - 1970 ED - 19701127 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5528357 <756. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5528356 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Rodowskas CA Jr AU - Lemon SF AU - Skau KA AU - Heimlich WG FA - Rodowskas, C A Jr FA - Lemon, S F FA - Skau, K A FA - Heimlich, W G TI - Planning and implementation of an effective drug abuse education program. SO - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 10(10):563-5 passim, 1970 Oct. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc. 10(10):563-5 passim, 1970 Oct. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - 7505576, h8n SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - *Health Education MH - Humans MH - Pharmacists MH - *Substance-Related Disorders IS - 0003-0465 IL - 0003-0465 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1970 Oct DC - 19701127 YR - 1970 ED - 19701127 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5528356 <757. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 5812738 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - MEDLINE AU - Palmer RF FA - Palmer, R F TI - Drug misuse and physician education. SO - Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 10(1):1-4, 1969 Jan-Feb. AS - Clin Pharmacol Ther. 10(1):1-4, 1969 Jan-Feb. NJ - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - dhr, 0372741 SB - Core Clinical Journals (AIM) SB - Index Medicus CP - UNITED STATES MH - Education, Medical MH - *Education, Medical, Continuing MH - Education, Pharmacy MH - Education, Pharmacy, Continuing MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacology/ed [Education] MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - *Toxicology/ed [Education] IS - 0009-9236 IL - 0009-9236 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 1969 Jan-Feb DC - 19690402 YR - 1969 ED - 19690402 RD - 20041117 UP - 20151216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5812738 <758. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26679961 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - AMCP Partnership Forum FA - AMCP Partnership Forum TI - Proceedings of the AMCP Partnership Forum: Breaking the Link Between Pain Management and Opioid Use Disorder. SO - Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 21(12):1116-22, 2015 Dec. AS - J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 21(12):1116-22, 2015 Dec. NJ - Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101644425 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States AB - Prescription drug misuse and abuse, especially with opioid analgesics, is the fastest growing drug problem in the United States. Addressing this public health crisis demands the coordinated efforts and actions of all stakeholders to establish a process of improving patient care and decreasing misuse and abuse. On September 9, 2014, the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) convened a meeting of multiple stakeholders to recommend activities and programs that AMCP can promote to improve pain management, prevent opioid use disorder (OUD), and improve medication-assisted treatment outcomes. The speakers and panelists recommended that efforts to improve pain management outcomes and reduce the potential for OUD should rely on demonstrated evidence and best practices. It was recommended that AMCP promote a more holistic and evidence-based approach to pain management and OUD treatment that actively engages the patient in the decision-making process and includes care coordination with medical, pharmacy, behavioral, and mental health aspects of organizations, all of which is seamlessly supported by a technology infrastructure. To accomplish this, it was recommended that AMCP work to collaborate with organizations representing these stakeholders. Additionally, it was recommended that AMCP conduct continuing pharmacy education programs, develop a best practices toolkit on pain management, and actively promote quality standards for OUD prevention and treatment. ES - 2376-1032 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2015 Dec DC - 20151218 YR - 2015 UP - 20160415 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26679961 <759. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26715547 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Ribed A AU - Romero-Jimenez RM AU - Escudero-Vilaplana V AU - Iglesias-Peinado I AU - Herranz-Alonso A AU - Codina C AU - Sanjurjo-Saez M FA - Ribed, Almudena FA - Romero-Jimenez, Rosa Maria FA - Escudero-Vilaplana, Vicente FA - Iglesias-Peinado, Irene FA - Herranz-Alonso, Ana FA - Codina, Carlos FA - Sanjurjo-Saez, Maria IN - Ribed,Almudena. Gregorio Maranon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Romero-Jimenez,Rosa Maria. Gregorio Maranon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Escudero-Vilaplana,Vicente. Gregorio Maranon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain. vicente.escudero@salud.madrid.org. Iglesias-Peinado,Irene. Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. Herranz-Alonso,Ana. Gregorio Maranon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Codina,Carlos. Barcelona Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. Sanjurjo-Saez,Maria. Gregorio Maranon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain. TI - Pharmaceutical care program for onco-hematologic outpatients: safety, efficiency and patient satisfaction. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 38(2):280-8, 2016 Apr. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 38(2):280-8, 2016 Apr. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands KW - Oncology; Oral antineoplastic agents; Outpatient; Patient satisfaction; Pharmaceutical care; Safety; Spain AB - Background Self-administration of oral chemotherapy regimens in the home setting leading to new challenges in the health system. Objective To develop and evaluate a comprehensive pharmaceutical care program for cancer outpatients treated with oral antineoplastic agents. Setting A Spanish tertiary hospital. Methods During 2012, a comprehensive pharmaceutical care program was elaborated following the standards recommended by ASCO. It comprised a standard procedure focusing on: drug indication, dosing regimen, required laboratory tests, route of administration, interactions with other current medications and adverse events; a checklist and informational brochures. A pharmaceutical follow up was defined and structured into three clinical interviews over 6 months which focused on safety and efficiency outcomes. Patients starting treatment with oral antineoplastic agents during 2011 (control group) without pharmacist monitoring were compared to patients beginning treatment at some point in 2013 who were prospectively monitored by a pharmacist (intervention group). Statistical analysis was performed by the statistical program SPSS, 21.0 and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Main outcome measures Patient demographics and clinical data were recorded. The primary endpoint was safety outcomes: detection of drug related problems, drug interactions, and adverse events. Adherence, permanence and patient satisfaction were also collected. Results A total of 249 patients were enrolled in the study. Two hundred and seventy-five medication errors were recorded [106 in the control group and 169 in the intervention group (p = 0.008)]. The pharmacist intervened in 362 occasions being accepted 88.8 % of the time, mainly to reinforce patient education and literacy and giving information on co-administration with other drugs and herbal medicines. Adherent patients increased at the 6th month of treatment in the intervention group by 20 % (p < 0.001). High satisfaction was reported. Conclusion The program has been implemented and evaluated successfully. It ensures a high quality and standard of pharmaceutical care with high patient satisfaction rate and the key points to prioritize for improvement in terms of safety (interactions and administration errors) and efficiency (adherence and permanence) of oral antineoplastic agents. ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0235-8 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20151229 DP - 2016 Apr DC - 20160412 YR - 2016 UP - 20160413 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26715547 <760. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26432353 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Ben Abacha A AU - Chowdhury MF AU - Karanasiou A AU - Mrabet Y AU - Lavelli A AU - Zweigenbaum P FA - Ben Abacha, Asma FA - Chowdhury, Md Faisal Mahbub FA - Karanasiou, Aikaterini FA - Mrabet, Yassine FA - Lavelli, Alberto FA - Zweigenbaum, Pierre IN - Ben Abacha,Asma. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg. Electronic address: asma.benabacha@list.lu. Chowdhury,Md Faisal Mahbub. IBM Research, NY, USA. Electronic address: mchowdh@us.ibm.com. Karanasiou,Aikaterini. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg. Electronic address: aikaterini.karanasiou@list.lu. Mrabet,Yassine. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg. Electronic address: yassine.mrabet@list.lu. Lavelli,Alberto. HLT Research Unit, FBK, Trento, Italy. Electronic address: lavelli@fbk.eu. Zweigenbaum,Pierre. LIMSI-CNRS, Orsay, France. Electronic address: pz@limsi.fr. TI - Text mining for pharmacovigilance: Using machine learning for drug name recognition and drug-drug interaction extraction and classification. SO - Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 58:122-32, 2015 Dec. AS - J Biomed Inform. 58:122-32, 2015 Dec. NJ - Journal of biomedical informatics PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 100970413, d2m SB - Index Medicus CP - United States KW - Drug name recognition; Drug-drug interactions; Machine learning; Pharmacovigilance; Text mining AB - Pharmacovigilance (PV) is defined by the World Health Organization as the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. An essential aspect in PV is to acquire knowledge about Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs). The shared tasks on DDI-Extraction organized in 2011 and 2013 have pointed out the importance of this issue and provided benchmarks for: Drug Name Recognition, DDI extraction and DDI classification. In this paper, we present our text mining systems for these tasks and evaluate their results on the DDI-Extraction benchmarks. Our systems rely on machine learning techniques using both feature-based and kernel-based methods. The obtained results for drug name recognition are encouraging. For DDI-Extraction, our hybrid system combining a feature-based method and a kernel-based method was ranked second in the DDI-Extraction-2011 challenge, and our two-step system for DDI detection and classification was ranked first in the DDI-Extraction-2013 task at SemEval. We discuss our methods and results and give pointers to future work.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ES - 1532-0480 IL - 1532-0464 DI - S1532-0464(15)00209-9 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2015.09.015 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20150930 DP - 2015 Dec DC - 20151218 YR - 2015 UP - 20160408 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26432353 <761. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26961696 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Chen TF FA - Chen, Timothy F IN - Chen,Timothy F. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. timothy.chen@sydney.edu.au. TI - Pharmacist-Led Home Medicines Review and Residential Medication Management Review: The Australian Model. SO - Drugs & Aging. 33(3):199-204, 2016 Mar. AS - Drugs Aging. 33(3):199-204, 2016 Mar. NJ - Drugs & aging PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bek, 9102074 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand AB - Older people are often prescribed multiple medicines and have a high prevalence of polypharmacy. Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of inappropriate use of medicines and drug-related problems. As experts in pharmacotherapy, pharmacists are well placed to review complex medication regimens and identify causes of drug-related problems and recommend solutions to prevent or resolve them. Involvement in medication review services represents a major philosophical shift and paradigm change in the way pharmacists practice, in that the focus is shifted away from the dispensing of prescription medicines to the provision of a professional service for a patient, in collaboration with their general practitioner (GP). In Australia, there are two established medication review programs: Home Medicines Review (HMR) and Residential Medication Management Review (RMMR). The objectives of this article were to describe the process of government-funded medication review services in Australia and to evaluate the contribution of pharmacists to HMR and RMMR, using evidence-based measures, such as the Drug Burden Index (DBI) and the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI). This review found that there is good evidence to support the role of pharmacists in delivering medication review services across different settings. Although the positive impact of such services has been demonstrated using a variety of validated measures (DBI, MAI), there remains a need to also evaluate actual clinical outcomes and/or patient-reported outcomes. ES - 1179-1969 IL - 1170-229X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-016-0357-2 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2016 Mar DC - 20160405 YR - 2016 UP - 20160406 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26961696 <762. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26884392 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Petrovic M AU - Somers A AU - Onder G FA - Petrovic, Mirko FA - Somers, Annemie FA - Onder, Graziano IN - Petrovic,Mirko. Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium. mirko.petrovic@ugent.be. Somers,Annemie. Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Onder,Graziano. Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, Department of Geriatrics, Policlinico A. Gemeli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. TI - Optimization of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy: Role of Multifaceted Cooperation in the Hospital Setting. [Review] SO - Drugs & Aging. 33(3):179-88, 2016 Mar. AS - Drugs Aging. 33(3):179-88, 2016 Mar. NJ - Drugs & aging PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - bek, 9102074 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand AB - Because older patients are more vulnerable to adverse drug-related events, there is a need to ensure appropriate pharmacotherapy in these patients. This narrative review describes approaches to improve pharmacotherapy in older people in the hospital setting. Screening to identify older patients at risk of drug-related problems and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the first critical step within a multistep approach to geriatric pharmacotherapy. Two methods that have been developed are the GerontoNet ADR risk score and the Brighton Adverse Drug Reactions Risk (BADRI) model, which take into account a number of factors, the most important of which is the number of medicines. In order to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients, different types of interventions exist, such as pharmacist-led medication reviews, educational interventions, computerized decision support systems, and comprehensive geriatric assessment. The effects of these interventions have been studied, sometimes in a multifaceted approach, by combining different techniques. None of the existing interventions shows a clear beneficial effect on patients' health outcomes if applied in isolation; however, when these interventions are combined within the context of a multidisciplinary team, positive effects on patients' health outcomes can be expected. Appropriate geriatric pharmacotherapy, global assessment of patients' clinical and functional parameters, and integration of skills from different healthcare professionals are needed to address medical complexity of older adults. ES - 1179-1969 IL - 1170-229X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-016-0352-7 PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English DP - 2016 Mar DC - 20160405 YR - 2016 UP - 20160406 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26884392 <763. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 27039496 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Regunath H AU - Cochran K AU - Cornell K AU - Shortridge J AU - Kim D AU - Akbar S AU - Boshard B AU - Chitima-Matsiga R AU - Reddy J AU - Keithahn S AU - Koller JP FA - Regunath, Hariharan FA - Cochran, Kelly FA - Cornell, Kasey FA - Shortridge, James FA - Kim, Daniel FA - Akbar, Syed FA - Boshard, Barbara FA - Chitima-Matsiga, Rebecca FA - Reddy, Jyotsna FA - Keithahn, Steven FA - Koller, James P TI - Is It Painful to Manage Chronic Pain? A Cross-Sectional Study of Physicians In-Training in a University Program. SO - Missouri Medicine. 113(1):72-8, 2016 Jan-Feb. AS - Mo Med. 113(1):72-8, 2016 Jan-Feb. NJ - Missouri medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - new, 0400744 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States AB - BACKGROUND: Prescribing opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is a challenge due to associated risks from abuse, addiction and adverse effects. We surveyed resident physicians on their knowledge, attitude and practices in opioid prescription practices in the ambulatory setting and conducted an educational module to address their knowledge gaps. AB - METHODS: A phase 1 survey assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices of residents in the out-patient management of CNCP with opioids. Demographics, numbers of patients seen, those with concerns for risky behaviors, adverse effects and the reasons for concern were also recorded. In Phase 2, an educational module in the form of didactics and case based discussions addressed the perceived deficiencies noted from results of phase 1 survey. Pre and post module surveys assessed the effectiveness of the educational module. AB - RESULTS: In the phase 1 study (45/49, 92% response rate, M:F = 30:15) 33.3% (15/45) were in Post-Graduate Year (PGY) 1, 35.6% (16/45) PGY2s and 31.1% (14/45) PGY3s; 80% (36/45) saw more than one patient with CNCP in the previous 3 months; 62.2% (28/45) had at least one patient with concerns for misuse and addiction; 77.8% (35/45) and 86.7% (39/45) reported a lack of training and consistent documentation respectively, and 82.2% (37/45) were uncomfortable to refill for other provider's patients. All (100%, 45/45) consulted the clinical pharmacist; 86.7% (39/45) believed that either focused education would be beneficial. In the phase 2 study (44/49, 89.7% response rate, M: F = 29: 15), the pre- and post-module responses showed that > 90% of the residents perceived improvement in knowledge and confidence in management of CNCP with opioids after the educational module. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Internal medicine residents perceived deficits in their ability to manage CNCP. Following a focused educational training, residents' knowledge and confidence in prescription of opioids improved, demonstrating the need to include management of CNCP with opioids into their curriculum. IS - 0026-6620 IL - 0026-6620 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2016 Jan-Feb DC - 20160404 YR - 2016 UP - 20160405 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=27039496 <764. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26449761 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Hone-Blanchet A AU - Ciraulo DA AU - Pascual-Leone A AU - Fecteau S FA - Hone-Blanchet, Antoine FA - Ciraulo, Domenic A FA - Pascual-Leone, Alvaro FA - Fecteau, Shirley IN - Hone-Blanchet,Antoine. Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroplasticity, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Readaptation et Integration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Sante Mentale de Quebec, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada. Ciraulo,Domenic A. Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Pascual-Leone,Alvaro. Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Translational Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Fecteau,Shirley. Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroplasticity, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Readaptation et Integration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Sante Mentale de Quebec, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Translational Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: Shirley.fecteau@fmed.ulaval.ca. TI - Noninvasive brain stimulation to suppress craving in substance use disorders: Review of human evidence and methodological considerations for future work. [Review] SO - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 59:184-200, 2015 Dec. AS - Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 59:184-200, 2015 Dec. NJ - Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - oa7, 7806090 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States KW - Craving; Non-invasive brain stimulation; Substance use disorders; Transcranial electric stimulation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation AB - Substance use disorders (SUDs) can be viewed as a pathology of neuroadaptation. The pharmacological overstimulation of neural mechanisms of reward, motivated learning and memory leads to drug-seeking behavior. A critical characteristic of SUDs is the appearance of craving, the motivated desire and urge to use, which is a main focus of current pharmacological and behavioral therapies. Recent proof-of-concept studies have tested the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on craving. Although its mechanisms of action are not fully understood, this approach shows interesting potential in tuning down craving and possibly consumption of diverse substances. This article reviews available results on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in SUDs, specifically tobacco, alcohol and psychostimulant use disorders. We discuss several important factors that need to be addressed in future works to improve clinical assessment and effects of noninvasive brain stimulation in SUDs. Factors discussed include brain stimulation devices and parameters, study designs, brain states and subjects' characteristics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1873-7528 IL - 0149-7634 DI - S0149-7634(15)00253-5 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.001 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review NO - 8KL2TR000168-05 (United States NCATS NIH HHS) NO - R01HD069776 (United States NICHD NIH HHS) NO - R01NS073601 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R21 HD07616 (United States NICHD NIH HHS) NO - R21 MH099196 (United States NIMH NIH HHS) NO - R21 NS085491 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - R21 R21NS082870 (United States NINDS NIH HHS) NO - UL1 RR025758 (United States NCRR NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20151009 DP - 2015 Dec DC - 20151215 YR - 2015 UP - 20160331 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26449761 <765. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25034220 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Sabry N AU - Farid S AU - Dawoud D FA - Sabry, Nirmeen FA - Farid, Samar FA - Dawoud, Dalia IN - Sabry,Nirmeen. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, Egyptes Nonprofit Organization, Milan, Italy - nirmeen.sabry@pharma.cu.edu.eg. TI - Drug-related problems in cardiac children. SO - Minerva Pediatrica. 68(2):89-95, 2016 Apr. AS - Minerva Pediatr. 68(2):89-95, 2016 Apr. NJ - Minerva pediatrica PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - nam, 0400740 SB - Index Medicus CP - Italy AB - BACKGROUND: A drug-related problem (DRP) may be defined as "an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with the desired health outcome". Our aim was to determine the frequency and characteristics of DRPs in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary cardiac care center in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. AB - METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study involving review of case notes for children aged 0-18 years, admitted to the medical ward and intensive care unit (ICU), was conducted at a tertiary cardiac care center in Egypt. Data collection took place over a three-month period. Daily reviews of patients' records, medication charts and laboratory data were undertaken by the clinical pharmacists to identify DRPs. AB - RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were included in the study (mean age 4.8 years; 53.33% males). Over a three-month period, a total of 313 DRPs were recorded corresponding to an average of 5.22 problems per patient. The most commonly recorded problems related to drug-drug interaction (45.69%), prescribing unnecessary medication (31.95%), under-dosing (21.09%), inappropriate medication (0.96%) and adverse drug reaction (0.32%). Prophylactic antibiotics represented the only unnecessarily prescribed medications. Of the pharmacist suggested interventions, 65% were accepted by the responsible physician. AB - CONCLUSIONS: DRPs occurred frequently during the study period. Drug-drug interactions, drug choice and drug dosing problems represented the majority of the identified DRPs, necessitating targeted prescriber education interventions in these areas. There is a clear need for clinical pharmacists' involvement on the ward level to identify and rectify these frequently occurring and very costly problems. ES - 1827-1715 IL - 0026-4946 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20140718 DP - 2016 Apr DC - 20160323 YR - 2016 UP - 20160324 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25034220 <766. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26971306 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Minian N AU - Penner J AU - Voci S AU - Selby P FA - Minian, Nadia FA - Penner, Jessica FA - Voci, Sabrina FA - Selby, Peter IN - Minian,Nadia. Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. Penner,Jessica. Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. Voci,Sabrina. Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. Selby,Peter. Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. peter.selby@camh.ca. Selby,Peter. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada. peter.selby@camh.ca. Selby,Peter. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. peter.selby@camh.ca. Selby,Peter. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada. peter.selby@camh.ca. Selby,Peter. Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada. peter.selby@camh.ca. TI - Woman focused smoking cessation programming: a qualitative study. SO - BMC Women's Health. 16(1):17, 2016. AS - BMC Womens Health. 16(1):17, 2016. NJ - BMC women's health PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101088690 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4788944 SB - Index Medicus CP - England KW - Smoking; Smoking cessation; Tobacco use disorder; Women AB - BACKGROUND: Several studies of smoking cessation programs in clinical settings have revealed poorer outcomes for women compared to men, including counselling alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy. The objective of the current study was to explore treatment and program structure needs and preferences among female clients in a specialized smoking cessation clinic in an academic mental health and addiction health science centre in order to inform program design so that it meets the needs of female clients. AB - METHODS: Four focus groups were conducted with current and former female clients (n=23, mode age range=50-59 years old, 56.5 % were still smoking and 43.5 % had quit) who had registered for outpatient smoking cessation treatment. Questions were designed to examine what aspects of the services were helpful and what changes they would like to see to better assist them and other women with quitting smoking. A thematic analysis of the raw data (audio recordings and notes taken during the focus groups) was conducted using a phenomenological theoretical framework. AB - RESULTS: Themes that emerged indicated that females trying to quit smoking are best supported if they have choice from a variety of services so that treatment can be individualized to meet their specific needs; psychosocial support is provided both one-one-one with health care professionals and by peers in support groups; free pharmacotherapy is available to eliminate financial barriers to use; women-specific educational topics and support groups are offered; the clinic is accessible with evening/weekend hours, options to attend a local clinic, and childcare availability; and communication about clinic services and operation are clear, readily available, and regularly updated. AB - CONCLUSIONS: An ideal smoking cessation program for women includes a women's centred approach with sufficient variety and choice, free pharmacotherapy, non-judgmental support, accessible services and clear communication of program options and changes. Findings may suggest an actionable list of adaptations that can be adopted by other clinics providing smoking cessation services to women. ES - 1472-6874 IL - 1472-6874 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0298-2 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20160312 DP - 2016 DC - 20160314 YR - 2016 RD - 20160315 UP - 20160317 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26971306 <767. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26861884 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Willey H AU - Eastwood B AU - Gee IL AU - Marsden J FA - Willey, Helen FA - Eastwood, Brian FA - Gee, Ivan L FA - Marsden, John IN - Willey,Helen. Alcohol, Drug and Tobacco Division, Health and Wellbeing Directorate, Public Health England, United Kingdom. Eastwood,Brian. Alcohol, Drug and Tobacco Division, Health and Wellbeing Directorate, Public Health England, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom. Gee,Ivan L. Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom. Marsden,John. Alcohol, Drug and Tobacco Division, Health and Wellbeing Directorate, Public Health England, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom. Electronic address: john.marsden@kcl.ac.uk. TI - Is treatment for alcohol use disorder associated with reductions in criminal offending? A national data linkage cohort study in England. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 161:67-76, 2016 Apr 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 161:67-76, 2016 Apr 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland KW - Alcohol use disorder; Crime; Outcome; Re-offending; Treatment AB - BACKGROUND: This is the first English national study of change in criminal offending following treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). AB - METHODS: All adults treated for AUD by all publicly funded treatment services during April 2008-March 2009 (n=53,017), with data linked to the Police National Computer (April 2006-November 2011). Pre-treatment offender sub-populations were identified by Latent Profile Analysis. The outcome measure was the count of recordable criminal offences during two-year follow-up after admission. A mixed-effects, Poisson regression modelled outcome, adjusting for demographics and clinical information, the latent classes, and treatment exposure covariates. AB - RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of the cohort committed one or more offences in the two years pre-treatment (n=11,742; crude rate, 221.5 offenders per 1000). During follow-up, the number of offenders and offences fell by 23.5% and 24.0%, respectively (crude rate, 69.4 offenders per 1000). During follow-up, a lower number of offences was associated with: completing treatment (adjusted incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.85); receiving inpatient detoxification (IRR 0.84; CI 0.80-0.89); or community pharmacological therapy (IRR 0.89; CI 0.84-0.96). Reconviction was reduced in the sub-population characterised by driving offences (n=1,140; 11.7%), but was relatively high amongst acquisitive (n=768; 58.3% reconvicted) and violent offending sub-populations (n=602; 77.6% reconvicted). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Reduced offending was associated with successful completion of AUD treatment and receiving inpatient and pharmacological therapy, but not enrolment in psychological and residential interventions. Treatment services (particularly those providing psychological therapy and residential care) should be alert to offending, especially violent and acquisitive crime, and enhance crime reduction interventions.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DI - S0376-8716(16)00048-X DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.020 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20160129 DP - 2016 Apr 1 DC - 20160314 YR - 2016 UP - 20160315 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26861884 <768. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26395785 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Rusch LM FA - Rusch, Lorraine M IN - Rusch,Lorraine M. Public Policy Committee of the American College of Clinical Pharmacology, Ashburn, VA, USA. TI - A Reality Check: The Need for a Deeper Understanding of Opioid Abuse Treatment Options: A Policy Statement From the American College of Clinical Pharmacology. SO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 56(1):7-10, 2016 Jan. AS - J Clin Pharmacol. 56(1):7-10, 2016 Jan. NJ - Journal of clinical pharmacology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ht9, 0366372 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4738468 SB - Index Medicus CP - England ES - 1552-4604 IL - 0091-2700 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.645 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20151210 DP - 2016 Jan DC - 20160109 YR - 2016 RD - 20160213 UP - 20160218 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26395785 <769. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26787757 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Alexander MD AU - Rao KV AU - Khan TS AU - Deal AM AU - Alexander MD AU - Rao KV AU - Khan TS AU - Deal AM FA - Alexander, Maurice D FA - Rao, Kamakshi V FA - Khan, Tippu S FA - Deal, Allison M FA - Alexander, Maurice D FA - Rao, Kamakshi V FA - Khan, Tippu S FA - Deal, Allison M IN - Alexander,Maurice D. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC maurice.alexander@unchealth.unc.edu. Rao,Kamakshi V. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC. Khan,Tippu S. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC. Deal,Allison M. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC. Alexander,Maurice D. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC maurice.alexander@unchealth.unc.edu. Rao,Kamakshi V. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC. Khan,Tippu S. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC. Deal,Allison M. University of North Carolina Medical Center; and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC. TI - ReCAP: Pharmacists' Impact in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: Economic and Humanistic Outcomes. SO - Journal of oncology practice/American Society of Clinical Oncology. 12(2):147-8, 2016 Feb. AS - J Oncol Pract. 12(2):147-8, 2016 Feb. NJ - Journal of oncology practice / American Society of Clinical Oncology PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101261852 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States AB - QUESTION ASKED: What is the impact of clinical pharmacy services in the care of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation? AB - SUMMARY ANSWER: Pharmacy services in this patient population result in additional revenue generation through pharmacy billing, provider time savings, and outpatient pharmacy prescription referrals. Additionally, both patients and providers have very positive perceptions of the value of pharmacists' involvement in hematopoietic stem cell transplant care. AB - METHODS: Pharmacy services were (1) translated to revenue generated through pharmacy billing and prescription revenue, (2) associated with time savings estimated by providers, and (3) evaluated for patient and provider perceptions via survey analysis. AB - BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTORS, DRAWBACKS: In our evaluation, the economic impact of pharmacy services is estimated by pharmacy billing, provider time savings, and prescription revenue. Although prescription revenue is estimated by actual revenue generated after reimbursements, billing for pharmacy services and provider time savings serve as estimates of potential revenue generated and opportunity for additional revenue. Although pharmacists bill for services via facility fee charges, it is challenging to capture actual reimbursement data for pharmacy charges billed, particularly due to the bundling of charges submitted by pharmacists and other providers. Thus, we have used charges submitted as a measure of potential revenue generation. However, to estimate reimbursement, we captured the difference in charges before and after pharmacy services, estimating an average amount charged per patient for pharmacy services. We then considered the contracted reimbursement rates of common third-party payers to estimate an average reimbursement rate for pharmacy services. Although the provider time savings we have demonstrated are not a direct measure of revenue, it should be considered that physicians and advanced practice professionals can bill for services at higher levels than can pharmacists, making time for additional patient visits an opportunity for additional revenue. AB - REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS: Our data show that pharmacists can have meaningful impacts on economic and humanistic outcomes in the hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation setting. We demonstrate how pharmacy services in this setting offer several opportunities for revenue generation. Proof of economic advantage is vital as this allows for justification of continued expansion and growth of pharmacy services in the stem-cell transplantation setting. Furthermore, we show that both patients and providers have positive perceptions of having pharmacists involved in the care of patients undergoing stem-cell transplantation. These positive perceptions are key to allowing pharmacists to continue to explore innovative ways to serve their patients and provider colleagues. With justification for sustained pharmacy services, the ultimate goal is to show that these services have a positive impact on patient outcomes.jop;12/2/147/T01T1T01Table A1.Summary of Survey Responses for Expectation and Experience DomainsQuestion About the Role of PharmacistsPatientsProviders (N = 50)ExpectationExperienceExpectationExperiencePre (n = 27)Post (n = 83)Post (n = 83)Educate about safe and appropriate use of medications related to bone marrow transplantation88.998.810010098.0Educate about safe and appropriate use of medications not related to bone marrow transplantation77.890.187.988.092.0Be a reliable source of general drug information88.998.896.4100100Be a reliable source of clinical drug information.92.610098.810096.0Assist doctors in designing a medication regimen92.697.598.894.098.0Monitor response to medications, including adverse effects88.996.393.986.088.0Work with the patient and physician to help manage medications88.996.395.294.094.0Take personal responsibility for drug-related problems80.896.392.890.090.0Update medication profile at each point in care92.696.289.290.087.8Educate patients about their bone marrow transplantation69.271.673.562.079.6NOTE. Data are presented as percentage of positive responses (> 80% indicates successful service delivery).Copyright © 2016 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. ES - 1935-469X IL - 1554-7477 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JOP.2015.008797 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20160119 DP - 2016 Feb DC - 20160212 YR - 2016 UP - 20160216 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26787757 <770. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26391030 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Ockene JK AU - Hayes RB AU - Churchill LC AU - Crawford SL AU - Jolicoeur DG AU - Murray DM AU - Shoben AB AU - David SP AU - Ferguson KJ AU - Huggett KN AU - Adams M AU - Okuliar CA AU - Gross RL AU - Bass PF 3rd AU - Greenberg RB AU - Leone FT AU - Okuyemi KS AU - Rudy DW AU - Waugh JB AU - Geller AC FA - Ockene, Judith K FA - Hayes, Rashelle B FA - Churchill, Linda C FA - Crawford, Sybil L FA - Jolicoeur, Denise G FA - Murray, David M FA - Shoben, Abigail B FA - David, Sean P FA - Ferguson, Kristi J FA - Huggett, Kathryn N FA - Adams, Michael FA - Okuliar, Catherine A FA - Gross, Robin L FA - Bass, Pat F 3rd FA - Greenberg, Ruth B FA - Leone, Frank T FA - Okuyemi, Kola S FA - Rudy, David W FA - Waugh, Jonathan B FA - Geller, Alan C IN - Ockene,Judith K. Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. Judith.Ockene@umassmed.edu. Hayes,Rashelle B. Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. Churchill,Linda C. Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. Crawford,Sybil L. Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. Jolicoeur,Denise G. Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. Murray,David M. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch; Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Shoben,Abigail B. Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. David,Sean P. Center for Education & Research in Family and Community Medicine, Division of General Medical Disciplines, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Ferguson,Kristi J. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. Huggett,Kathryn N. Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA. Adams,Michael. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. Okuliar,Catherine A. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. Gross,Robin L. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. Bass,Pat F 3rd. Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA. Greenberg,Ruth B. University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA. Leone,Frank T. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Okuyemi,Kola S. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Rudy,David W. University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA. Waugh,Jonathan B. Clinical and Diagnostics Sciences Department, School of Health Professions, UAB Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Geller,Alan C. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. TI - Teaching Medical Students to Help Patients Quit Smoking: Outcomes of a 10-School Randomized Controlled Trial. SO - Journal of General Internal Medicine. 31(2):172-81, 2016 Feb. AS - J Gen Intern Med. 31(2):172-81, 2016 Feb. NJ - Journal of general internal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 8605834 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4720645 [Available on 02/01/17] SB - Index Medicus CP - United States KW - counseling; medical school curriculum; medical student behaviors; objective structured clinical examination; randomized controlled trial; tobacco dependence treatment AB - BACKGROUND: Early in medical education, physicians must develop competencies needed for tobacco dependence treatment. AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a multi-modal tobacco dependence treatment curriculum on medical students' counseling skills. AB - DESIGN: A group-randomized controlled trial (2010-2014) included ten U.S. medical schools that were randomized to receive either multi-modal tobacco treatment education (MME) or traditional tobacco treatment education (TE). AB - SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Students from the classes of 2012 and 2014 at ten medical schools participated. Students from the class of 2012 (N=1345) completed objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), and 50 % (N=660) were randomly selected for pre-intervention evaluation. A total of 72.9 % of eligible students (N=1096) from the class of 2014 completed an OSCE and 69.7 % (N=1047) completed pre and post surveys. AB - INTERVENTIONS: The MME included a Web-based course, a role-play classroom demonstration, and a clerkship booster session. Clerkship preceptors in MME schools participated in an academic detailing module and were encouraged to be role models for third-year students. AB - MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was student tobacco treatment skills using the 5As measured by an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scored on a 33-item behavior checklist. Secondary outcomes were student self-reported skills for performing 5As and pharmacotherapy counseling. AB - RESULTS: Although the difference was not statistically significant, MME students completed more tobacco counseling behaviors on the OSCE checklist (mean 8.7 [SE 0.6] vs. mean8.0 [SE 0.6], p=0.52) than TE students. Several of the individual Assist and Arrange items were significantly more likely to have been completed by MME students, including suggesting behavioral strategies (11.8 % vs. 4.5 %, p<0.001) and providing information regarding quitline (21.0 % vs. 3.8 %, p<0.001). MME students reported higher self-efficacy for Assist, Arrange, and Pharmacotherapy counseling items (ps<0.05). AB - LIMITATIONS: Inclusion of only ten schools limits generalizability. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Subsequent interventions should incorporate lessons learned from this first randomized controlled trial of a multi-modal longitudinal tobacco treatment curriculum in multiple U.S. medical schools. NIH Trial Registry Number: NCT01905618. ES - 1525-1497 IL - 0884-8734 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3508-y PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2016 Feb DC - 20160121 YR - 2016 RD - 20160127 UP - 20160209 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26391030 <771. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26694870 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Beyhun NE AU - Can G AU - Topbas M AU - Cankaya S AU - Ketenci HC FA - Beyhun, Nazim Ercument FA - Can, Gamze FA - Topbas, Murat FA - Cankaya, Sertac FA - Ketenci, Huseyin Cetin IN - Beyhun,Nazim Ercument. Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Dep. of Public Health, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: ebeyhun@yahoo.com. Can,Gamze. Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Dep. of Public Health, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: gcanktu@yahoo.com. Topbas,Murat. Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Dep. of Public Health, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: murattopbas@yahoo.com. Cankaya,Sertac. Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Dep. of Public Health, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: drsertaccankaya@gmail.com. Ketenci,Huseyin Cetin. Trabzon Branch of The Council of Forensic Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: hcketenci@gmail.com. TI - Are the last grade medical students aware of the danger of synthetic cannabinoids?. SO - Journal of Forensic & Legal Medicine. 38:1-5, 2016 Feb. AS - J Forensic Leg Med. 38:1-5, 2016 Feb. NJ - Journal of forensic and legal medicine PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101300022 SB - Index Medicus CP - England KW - Awareness; Internship; Medical student; Social media; Synthetic cannabinoids AB - Synthetic cannabinoids are drugs which are increasingly used by especially adolescents and young people. In recent years hospital admissions even concluding with deaths have been observed. Therefore, the awareness of medical students, who will be in challenge with this new drug abuse, is an important issue. The aim of this study is to figure out the awareness of the last grade medical students and its correlates. This is a questionnaire based descriptive study with the participation of 148 students at Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Turkey. An awareness score was produced to measure awareness (cronbach alpha = 0.67). The 17.6% (26/148) of students who reported not knowing what synthetic cannabinoids were and hearing the name for the first time in this study. The 16.4% of students assumed that synthetic cannabinoid use was legal, and 16.2% assumed that synthetic cannabinoids are not drugs. The internet (including social media) (48.6%) and pharmacology lectures (40.5%) were identified as the most stated sources of information. The students who have synthetic cannabinoid user friends and social media account have significantly higher awareness scores (p < 0.05 for both). Last grade medical students have a lack of awareness towards synthetic cannabinoids which is an increasing threat that they have to challenge. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved. ES - 1878-7487 IL - 1752-928X DI - S1752-928X(15)00220-6 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2015.11.014 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20151126 DP - 2016 Feb DC - 20160207 YR - 2016 UP - 20160208 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26694870 <772. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26455555 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Maier LJ AU - Haug S AU - Schaub MP FA - Maier, Larissa J FA - Haug, Severin FA - Schaub, Michael P IN - Maier,Larissa J. Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction (ISGF), Associated Institute at the University of Zurich and WHO Collaborating Centre, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: larissa.maier@isgf.uzh.ch. Haug,Severin. Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction (ISGF), Associated Institute at the University of Zurich and WHO Collaborating Centre, Zurich, Switzerland. Schaub,Michael P. Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction (ISGF), Associated Institute at the University of Zurich and WHO Collaborating Centre, Zurich, Switzerland. TI - The importance of stress, self-efficacy, and self-medication for pharmacological neuroenhancement among employees and students. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 156:221-7, 2015 Nov 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 156:221-7, 2015 Nov 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland KW - Cognitive enhancement; Illegal drug use; Mental health; Mood enhancement; Neuroenhancement; Self-medication AB - OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between stress, self-efficacy, self-medication, and pharmacological neuroenhancement (PNE) in the Swiss general population. AB - METHODS: Using the largest Swiss Internet panel, a sample of 10,171 employees and students (unweighted N=10,084) aged 15-74 years was recruited and asked to complete a self-administered online survey. The data were weighted for age, sex, and language region to provide results that were representative of the Swiss population. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to identify predictors of pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE) and pharmacological mood enhancement (PME) over the past year. Two self-medication models and an overall model were determined. AB - RESULTS: Current medical treatment for a mental disorder was the best predictor of both PCE and PME use as serious self-medication. The overall model revealed that cannabis use, frequent stress, and long-term stress were predictors of both PCE and PME, whereas negative stressors and time pressure at work did not remain in the final model. Furthermore, past-year PCE with and without PME was associated with being male, being a student, and using illegal drugs other than cannabis, whereas being female and having low self-efficacy predicted past-year PME only. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Consideration of the predictor variables identified in this study may help to identify the potential PCE and PME users for whom measures to prevent drug abuse and manage stress are most appropriate. More specifically, the use of PCE and PME as self-medication to enhance performance at work or while studying needs further consideration in the neuroenhancement debate.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DI - S0376-8716(15)01660-9 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.012 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20150925 DP - 2015 Nov 1 DC - 20151104 YR - 2015 UP - 20160204 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26455555 <773. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26511945 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Lenssen R AU - Heidenreich A AU - Schulz JB AU - Trautwein C AU - Fitzner C AU - Jaehde U AU - Eisert A FA - Lenssen, Rebekka FA - Heidenreich, Axel FA - Schulz, Jorg B FA - Trautwein, Christian FA - Fitzner, Christina FA - Jaehde, Ulrich FA - Eisert, Albrecht IN - Lenssen,Rebekka. Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Steinbergweg 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany. rlenssen@ukaachen.de. Lenssen,Rebekka. Department of Urology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. rlenssen@ukaachen.de. Lenssen,Rebekka. Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany. rlenssen@ukaachen.de. Heidenreich,Axel. Department of Urology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Schulz,Jorg B. Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Trautwein,Christian. Department of Internal Medicine III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Internal Intensive Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Fitzner,Christina. Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Jaehde,Ulrich. Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany. Eisert,Albrecht. Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Steinbergweg 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany. TI - Analysis of drug-related problems in three departments of a German University hospital. SO - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 38(1):119-26, 2016 Feb. AS - Int J Clin Pharm. 38(1):119-26, 2016 Feb. NJ - International journal of clinical pharmacy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101554912 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands KW - Drug-related problems; Gastroenterology; Germany; Medication safety; Neurology; Pharmaceutical care; Urology; Ward-based pharmacist AB - BACKGROUND: During the last decades, pharmaceutical care services have been developed and implemented to optimize drug therapies and ensure medication safety. To investigate the need for pharmaceutical care services, drug-related problems can be measured. AB - OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study was to analyse number, type and occurrence of drug-related problems in different clinical departments. AB - SETTING: A pharmaceutical care service was established on general wards in Urology, Neurology and Gastroenterology at the University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany. AB - METHOD: For each of a total of 306 patients, a pharmacist conducted an extended medication history, performed medication reconciliation, conducted medication safety checks and if drug-related problems were discovered, gave valid recommendations to the attending healthcare team. Drug-related problems were classified using the APS-Doc system. For statistical analyses, SAS() 9.1.3, SAS Institute, Cary NC, USA was applied. The project was approved by the local ethics committee. AB - MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Type, occurrence and frequency of DRP in different medical departments. AB - RESULTS: On average, 2.3 drug-related problems per patient were documented for all three departments. Drug-related problems were found in each category of the APS-Doc system. The most pronounced drug-related problems found were drug-drug interactions (34.6 %). 37 % of the identified drug-related problems occurred before hospital admission, 27 % during transitional care, and 36 % on the ward. Subgroup analysis revealed specific drug-related problem patterns for each clinical department. The number of drug-related problems was found to be associated with the number of drugs and age. AB - CONCLUSION: Drug-related problems frequently occur in all investigated clinical departments. A holistic pharmaceutical care service could be an option to address this issue. In case of limited resources, individual drug-related problem patterns can be used as a basis for a tailored pharmaceutical care service. As number of drugs and age have been shown to be significant risk factors, it is crucial that the healthcare team including the pharmacist pays special attention to elderly patients and those with polymedication. ES - 2210-7711 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0213-1 PT - Journal Article LG - English EP - 20151028 DP - 2016 Feb DC - 20160130 YR - 2016 UP - 20160201 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26511945 <774. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26802925 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Bailey JE AU - Surbhi S AU - Bell PC AU - Jones AM AU - Rashed S AU - Ugwueke MO FA - Bailey, James E FA - Surbhi, Satya FA - Bell, Paula C FA - Jones, Angel M FA - Rashed, Sahar FA - Ugwueke, Michael O TI - SafeMed: Using pharmacy technicians in a novel role as community health workers to improve transitions of care. SO - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA. 56(1):73-81, 2016 Jan. AS - J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 56(1):73-81, 2016 Jan. NJ - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101176252 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States AB - OBJECTIVES: To describe the design, implementation, and early experience of the SafeMed program, which uses certified pharmacy technicians in a novel expanded role as community health workers (CPhT-CHWs) to improve transitions of care. AB - SETTING: A large nonprofit health care system serving the major medically underserved areas and geographic hotspots for readmissions in Memphis, TN. AB - PRACTICE INNOVATION: The SafeMed program is a care transitions program with an emphasis on medication management designed to use low-cost health workers to improve transitions of care from hospital to home for superutilizing patients with multiple chronic conditions and polypharmacy. AB - EVALUATION: CPhT-CHWs were given primary responsibility for patient outreach after hospital discharge with the use of home visits and telephone follow-up. SafeMed program CPhT-CHWs served as pharmacist extenders, obtaining medication histories, assisting in medication reconciliation and identification of potential drug therapy problems (DTPs), and reinforcing medication education previously provided by the pharmacist per protocol. AB - RESULTS: CPhT-CHW training included patient communication skills, motivational interviewing, medication history taking, teach-back techniques, drug disposal practices, and basic disease management. Some CPhT-CHWs experienced difficulties adjusting to an expanded scope of practice. Nonetheless, once the Tennessee Board of Pharmacy affirmed that envisioned SafeMed CPhT-CHW roles were consistent with Board rules, additional responsibilities were added for CPhT-CHWs to enhance their effectiveness. Patient outreach teams including CPhT-CHWs achieved increases in home visit and telephone follow-up rates and were successful in helping identify potential DTPs. AB - CONCLUSION: The early experience of the SafeMed program demonstrates that CPhT-CHWs are well suited for novel expanded roles to improve care transitions for superutilizing populations. CPhT-CHWs can identify and report potential DTPs to the pharmacist to help target medication therapy management. Critical success factors include strong CPhT-CHW patient-centered communication skills and strong pharmacist champions. In collaboration with state pharmacy boards and pharmacist associations, the SafeMed CPhT-CHW model can be successfully scaled to serve superutilizing patients throughout the country.Copyright © 2016 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ES - 1544-3450 IL - 1086-5802 DI - S1544-3191(15)00012-6 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2015.11.011 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2016 Jan DC - 20160124 YR - 2016 UP - 20160125 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26802925 <775. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26437317 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Miquel L AU - Rodamilans M AU - Gimenez R AU - Cambras T AU - Canudas AM AU - Gual A FA - Miquel, Laia FA - Rodamilans, Miquel FA - Gimenez, Rosa FA - Cambras, Trinitat FA - Canudas, Ana Maria FA - Gual, Antoni IN - Miquel,Laia. Grup de recerca en Addiccions Clinic, Unitat de conductes addictives. Hospital Clinic Universitari de Barcelona, Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Espana. IDIBAPS. Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), RETICS. miquel@clinic.cat. TI - Alcohol consumption in college students from the pharmacy faculty. SO - Adicciones. 27(3):190-7, 2015. AS - ADICCIONES. 27(3):190-7, 2015. NJ - Adicciones PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9605506 SB - Index Medicus CP - Spain AB - Alcohol consumption is highly prevalent in university students. Early detection in future health professionals is important: their consumption might not only influence their own health but may determine how they deal with the implementation of preventive strategies in the future. The aim of this paper is to detect the prevalence of risky alcohol consumption in first- and last-degree year students and to compare their drinking patterns.Risky drinking in pharmacy students (n=434) was assessed and measured with the AUDIT questionnaire (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). A comparative analysis between college students from the first and fifth years of the degree in pharmacy, and that of a group of professors was carried to see differences in their alcohol intake patterns.Risky drinking was detected in 31.3% of students. The highest prevalence of risky drinkers, and the total score of the AUDIT test was found in students in their first academic year. Students in the first academic level taking morning classes had a two-fold risk of risky drinking (OR=1.9 (IC 95%1.1-3.1)) compared with students in the fifth level. The frequency of alcohol consumption increases with the academic level, whereas the number of alcohol beverages per drinking occasion falls.Risky drinking is high during the first year of university. As alcohol consumption might decrease with age, it is important to design preventive strategies that will strengthen this tendency. OA - Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Language: Spanish IS - 0214-4840 IL - 0214-4840 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English LG - Spanish EP - 20160915 DP - 2015 DC - 20151006 YR - 2015 UP - 20160105 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26437317 <776. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23963086 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Elhoseeny TA AU - Ibrahem SZ AU - Abo el Ela AM FA - Elhoseeny, Taghareed A FA - Ibrahem, Samaa Z FA - Abo el Ela, Azza M IN - Elhoseeny,Taghareed A. aDepartment of Health Administration and Behavioural Sciences, High Institute of Public Health, bThe Egyptian Ministry of Health, Alexandria, Egypt. TI - Opinion of community pharmacists on use of nonprescription medications in Alexandria, Egypt. SO - Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association. 88(2):79-84, 2013 Aug. AS - J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 88(2):79-84, 2013 Aug. NJ - The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - i07, 7505602 SB - Index Medicus CP - England AB - BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported the use of over-the counter (OTC) or nonprescription medications (medications that are available to consumers without a prescription) to be inappropriate and associated with risks to consumers. Among healthcare professionals, pharmacists have a key role in providing information and helping customers make a safe choice of nonprescription medicines. AB - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the attitudes and beliefs of community pharmacists toward the use of nonprescription medications by Egyptian customers. AB - SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among community pharmacies in Alexandria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 335 pharmacists working in community pharmacies. AB - RESULTS: The use of nonprescription medicine among patients/consumers was reported by 66.9% of pharmacists to have increased in the past 4 years and 94.1% of them considered such a use to be very serious or somewhat serious. Long-term or chronic use was cited by 76.7% of pharmacists as the most common reason for the widespread inappropriate use of nonprescription medications, and 82.4% of the pharmacists considered the most common contributing factor to be lack of knowledge of patients/customers about the active ingredients in a branded product. The most common medications enquired about by patients/consumers were those for cough, cold, or sore throat, as reported by 73.5% of pharmacists, whereas 79.4% of pharmacists reported that patients asked about how to use nonprescription drugs. Sixty percent of pharmacists reported that the main reason that patients/customers did not seek consultation for nonprescription medicines was that they believed that nonprescription medicines were safe, and 52.5% reported that patients believed that taking advice on how to use it was unnecessary. To learn about nonprescription medicine, 93.7% of pharmacists turned to drug product labeling. AB - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Use of nonprescription drugs is a serious problem that has increased over the past few years. Long-term or chronic use of nonprescription medicine was the most common form of inappropriate use of nonprescription medications and lack of knowledge on the part of patients/customers about the active ingredient in a branded product was the most common factor contributing to its inappropriate use. Pharmacists should receive continuous professional education to increase their knowledge on and improve their practice of prescribing nonprescription medication; further, drug companies should be precise when disclosing information on OTC drug labels as the majority of pharmacists consult the drug label as a source of information about OTC. ES - 2090-262X IL - 0013-2446 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.EPX.0000430954.20897.2d PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2013 Aug DC - 20130821 YR - 2013 UP - 20151224 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23963086 <777. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26406772 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Sanchez GM AU - Douglass MA AU - Mancuso MA FA - Sanchez, Gail M FA - Douglass, Mark A FA - Mancuso, Michelle A IN - Sanchez,Gail M. Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Douglass,Mark A. Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Douglass,Mark A. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. Mancuso,Michelle A. Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. TI - Revisiting Project Re-Engineered Discharge (RED): The Impact of a Pharmacist Telephone Intervention on Hospital Readmission Rates. SO - Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 35(9):805-12, 2015 Sep. AS - Pharmacotherapy. 35(9):805-12, 2015 Sep. NJ - Pharmacotherapy PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - par, 8111305 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States KW - Project RED; patient discharge; patient readmission; pharmacist; telephone call; transition of care AB - PURPOSE: Project Re-Engineered Discharge is a discharge nurse education (DNE) and pharmacist follow-up telephone intervention protocol that was shown to decrease rehospitalization significantly. The specific value of the pharmacist intervention was not originally evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pharmacist telephone intervention during the transition of care process on the rate of unplanned hospitalization within 30 days of patient discharge. AB - METHODS: A retrospective chart review was completed for patients who received DNE counseling and were discharged to home from the family medicine service at Boston Medical Center from July 2012 to May 2013. Patients were stratified into two groups: contacted/intervention and unable to contact/no intervention. The primary outcome was the rate of unplanned hospital utilization including emergency department visits and readmissions within 30 days of discharge. Secondary end points included number of pharmacist interventions and time spent on phone calls. AB - RESULTS: A total of 401 patients were identified; 277 patients received a pharmacist telephone intervention, and 124 patients were unable to be contacted. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups, with the exception of a higher prevalence of substance abuse in the nonintervention group (41.9% vs 21.3%, p<0.001). The rate of unplanned hospitalization (visits/patient) was significantly reduced in the intervention group, compared with the unable-to-contact group (0.227 vs 0.519, p<0.001). Pharmacists made a total of 128 interventions and spent an average of 22 minutes on each telephone intervention. AB - CONCLUSION: Patients unable to be contacted by a pharmacist after hospital discharge were more likely to be readmitted or visit the emergency department in the 30 days following discharge. A pharmacist telephone intervention as part of a comprehensive discharge protocol can have a positive impact on patients during the transition of care process by reducing incidence of unplanned hospital utilization.Copyright © 2015 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc. ES - 1875-9114 IL - 0277-0008 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1630 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2015 Sep DC - 20150926 YR - 2015 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26406772 <778. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26629802 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - McKain M AU - O'Neil CK FA - McKain, Melanie FA - O'Neil, Christine K IN - McKain,Melanie. Duquesne University-Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. TI - Patient-Centered Pharmacy Services: A Descriptive Report. SO - Consultant Pharmacist. 30(11):664-70, 2015. AS - Consult Pharm. 30(11):664-70, 2015. NJ - The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9013983 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States AB - This paper describes a proactive, patient-centered, interprofessional approach to medication review in a long-term care facility. Clinical pharmacy services were provided to residents in multiple high-risk areas including transition of care; medication reconciliation; monitoring of infectious disease, pain, anticoagulation, psychotropic drugs, and falls; and requested consults for any change in condition. Process outcomes were evaluated, specifically the number of patients reviewed, number and type of recommendations made, and acceptance rate of recommendations by physicians; 1,333 medication regimen reviews were conducted. A total of 274 recommendations were made, and 56 recommendations were excluded as "lost to follow-up" because the recommendation was not acknowledged by the physician. Of the 218 acknowledged recommendations, 157 (72%) were accepted. Collective workload statistics suggest that the service identified and eliminated potential drugrelated problems such as inappropriate medications, drug interactions, and discrepancies during medication reconciliation. The large number of reviews conducted in a short time period show that there is a need for regular pharmacist review. IS - 0888-5109 IL - 0888-5109 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2015.664 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2015 DC - 20151203 YR - 2015 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26629802 <779. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26327688 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Furlong TM AU - Pan MJ AU - Corbit LH FA - Furlong, T M FA - Pan, M J FA - Corbit, L H IN - Furlong,T M. School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Pan,M J. School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Corbit,L H. School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. TI - The effects of compound stimulus extinction and inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake on the renewal of alcohol seeking. SO - Transl Psychiatry Psychiatry. 5:e630, 2015. AS - Transl Psychiatry. 5:e630, 2015. NJ - Translational psychiatry PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101562664 SB - Index Medicus CP - United States AB - Alcohol-related stimuli can trigger relapse of alcohol-seeking behaviors even after extended periods of abstinence. Extinction of such stimuli can reduce their impact on relapse; however, the expression of extinction can be disrupted when testing occurs outside the context where extinction learning took place, an effect termed renewal. Behavioral and pharmacological methods have recently been shown to augment extinction learning; yet, it is not known whether the improved expression of extinction following these treatments remains context-dependent. Here we examined whether two methods, compound-stimulus extinction and treatment with the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine, would reduce the vulnerability of extinction to a change in context. Following alcohol self-administration, responding was extinguished in a distinct context. After initial extinction, further extinction was given to a target stimulus presented in compound with another alcohol-predictive stimulus intended to augment prediction error (Experiment 1) or after a systemic injection of atomoxetine (1.0 mg kg(-1); Experiment 2). A stimulus extinguished as part of a compound elicited less responding than a stimulus receiving equal extinction alone regardless of whether animals were tested in the training or extinction context; however, reliable renewal was not observed in this paradigm. Importantly, atomoxetine enhanced extinction relative to controls even in the presence of a reliable renewal effect. Thus, extinction of alcohol-seeking behavior can be improved by extinguishing multiple alcohol-predictive stimuli or enhancing noradrenaline neurotransmission during extinction training. Importantly, both methods improve extinction even when the context is changed between extinction training and test, and thus could be utilized to enhance the outcome of extinction-based treatments for alcohol-use disorders. ES - 2158-3188 IL - 2158-3188 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.130 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20150901 DP - 2015 DC - 20150902 YR - 2015 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26327688 <780. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25934054 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Launonen E AU - Alho H AU - Kotovirta E AU - Wallace I AU - Simojoki K FA - Launonen, Essiina FA - Alho, Hannu FA - Kotovirta, Elina FA - Wallace, Isla FA - Simojoki, Kaarlo IN - Launonen,Essiina. Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: essiina.launonen@helsinki.fi. Alho,Hannu. Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland; National Institute of Health and Welfare, Department of Mental and Substance Abuse Services, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland. Kotovirta,Elina. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Department for Promotion of Welfare and Health, Unit for Harm Prevention, P.O. Box 33, FI-00023 Government, Finland. Wallace,Isla. Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK. Simojoki,Kaarlo. Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland; A-Clinic Foundation, Maistraatinportti 2, 00240 Helsinki, Finland. TI - Diversion of opioid maintenance treatment medications and predictors for diversion among Finnish maintenance treatment patients. SO - International Journal of Drug Policy. 26(9):875-82, 2015 Sep. AS - Int J Drug Policy. 26(9):875-82, 2015 Sep. NJ - The International journal on drug policy PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 9014759 SB - Index Medicus CP - Netherlands KW - Abuse; Buprenorphine; Diversion; Methadone; Opioid maintenance treatment; Substance use AB - BACKGROUND: Diversion (i.e. selling or giving away) of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) medications is a challenge that concerns many units providing OMT worldwide and tools for prevention are needed. The object of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors for diversion of the OMT medications buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) and methadone (MET) among Finnish OMT patients. AB - METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all Finnish OMT patients of whom 60% (n=1508) participated. The data were collected by anonymous questionnaires distributed through all OMT units in Finland. To evaluate predictors for diversion, we used binominal regression analysis with unadjusted and adjusted ORs. Selling and/or giving away of OMT medication was used as a dependent variable and explanatory variables were gender, age, duration of OMT, type of OMT medication and dose, dispensation method of OMT medication, place of residence and intravenous use of any intoxicating drugs during the past six months. AB - RESULTS: Of all 1508 respondents, 7% (n=100) had sold and 12% (n=169) had given their OMT medication to others, 57% for money and 23% in exchange for other drugs. In multivariate analysis, predictors associated with diversion were BNX as OMT medication (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.76-4.33), low (<9.0mg/day) BNX dose (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.01-2.98), intravenous use of intoxicating drugs during the past six months (OR 4.48, 95% CI 3.13-6.43) and increasing length of OMT (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02). Age, place of residence or unsupervised pharmacy distribution of BNX were not associated with diversion. AB - CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce diversion, more interventions are needed to support patients to stop concurrent substance abuse. Increasing control measures, for example, increased supervision, are unlikely to prevent diversion. Given that sub-optimal dosing of BNX increases the risk of diversion, more attention should be paid to providing patients with an optimal medical dose.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ES - 1873-4758 IL - 0955-3959 DI - S0955-3959(15)00074-2 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.03.007 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20150401 DP - 2015 Sep DC - 20150818 YR - 2015 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25934054 <781. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26229454 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Zhao RY AU - He XW AU - Shan YM AU - Zhu LL AU - Zhou Q FA - Zhao, Rui-yi FA - He, Xiao-wen FA - Shan, Yan-min FA - Zhu, Ling-ling FA - Zhou, Quan IN - Zhao,Rui-yi. Clinical Nurse Specialist Section, Division of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. He,Xiao-wen. Clinical Nurse Specialist Section, Division of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. Shan,Yan-min. Clinical Nurse Specialist Section, Division of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. Zhu,Ling-ling. Geriatric VIP Care Ward, Division of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. Zhou,Quan. Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. TI - A stewardship intervention program for safe medication management and use of antidiabetic drugs. SO - Clinical Interventions In Aging. 10:1201-12, 2015. AS - Clin Interv Aging. 10:1201-12, 2015. NJ - Clinical interventions in aging PI - Journal available in: Electronic-eCollection PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101273480 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4516029 SB - Index Medicus CP - New Zealand KW - diabetes nursing specialists; injection technique; insulin; medication errors; oral hypoglycemic agents; pharmacy; quality improvements AB - BACKGROUND: Diabetes patients are complex due to considerations of polypharmacy, multimorbidities, medication adherence, dietary habits, health literacy, socioeconomic status, and cultural factors. Meanwhile, insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents are high-alert medications. Therefore it is necessary to require a multidisciplinary team's integrated endeavors to enhance safe medication management and use of antidiabetic drugs. AB - METHODS: A 5-year stewardship intervention program, including organizational measures and quality improvement activities in storage, prescription, dispensing, administration, and monitoring, was performed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China, a 3,200-bed hospital with 3.5 million outpatient visits annually. AB - RESULTS: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University has obtained a 100% implementation rate of standard storage of antidiabetic drugs in the Pharmacy and wards since August 2012. A zero occurrence of dispensing errors related to highly "look-alike" and "sound-alike" NovoMix 30() (biphasic insulin aspart) and NovoRapid() (insulin aspart) has been achieved since October 2011. Insulin injection accuracy among ward nurses significantly increased from 82% (first quarter 2011) to 96% (fourth quarter 2011) (P<0.05). The number of medication administration errors related to insulin continuously decreased from 20 (2011) to six (2014). The occurrence rate of hypoglycemia in non-endocrinology ward diabetes inpatients during 2011-2013 was significantly less than that in 2010 (5.03%-5.53% versus 8.27%) (P<0.01). Percentage of correct management of hypoglycemia by nurses increased from 41.5% (April 2014) to 67.2% (August 2014) (P<0.01). The percentage of outpatient diabetes patients receiving standard insulin injection education increased from 80% (April 2012) to 95.2% (October 2012) (P<0.05). Insulin injection techniques among diabetes outpatients who started to receive insulin were better than indicated in data from two questionnaire surveys in the literature, including the percentage checking injection sites prior to injection (85.6%), priming before injection (98.1%), rotation of injecting sites (98.1%), remixing before use (94.5%), keeping the pen needle under the skin for >10 seconds (99.4%), and using the pen needle only once (88.7%). On-site inspection indicated of great improvement in the percentage of drug-related problems in the antidiabetes regimen between the first and second quarter of 2014 (1.08% versus 0.28%) (P<0.05). AB - CONCLUSION: Quality improvements in safe medication management and use of antidiabetic drugs can be achieved by multidisciplinary collaboration among pharmacists, nurses, physicians, and information engineers. ES - 1178-1998 IL - 1176-9092 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S87456 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20150723 DP - 2015 DC - 20150803 YR - 2015 RD - 20150804 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26229454 <782. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 26077512 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Menendez E AU - Balisa-Rocha B AU - Jabbur-Lopes M AU - Costa W AU - Nascimento JR AU - Dosea M AU - Silva L AU - Lyra Junior D FA - Menendez, Elisa FA - Balisa-Rocha, Blicie FA - Jabbur-Lopes, Monique FA - Costa, Wanderson FA - Nascimento, Jose Rafael FA - Dosea, Marcos FA - Silva, Leila FA - Lyra Junior, Divaldo IN - Menendez,Elisa. Department of Computing (DCOMP), Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Balisa-Rocha,Blicie. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Jabbur-Lopes,Monique. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Costa,Wanderson. Department of Computing (DCOMP), Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Nascimento,Jose Rafael. Department of Computing (DCOMP), Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Dosea,Marcos. Department of Computing (DCOMP), Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Silva,Leila. Department of Computing (DCOMP), Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Electronic address: leila@ufs.br. Lyra Junior,Divaldo. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. TI - Using a virtual patient system for the teaching of pharmaceutical care. SO - International Journal of Medical Informatics. 84(9):640-6, 2015 Sep. AS - Int J Med Inf. 84(9):640-6, 2015 Sep. NJ - International journal of medical informatics PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ct4, 9711057 SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland KW - Pharmaceutical care; Virtual patient AB - PURPOSE: The communication skills of pharmacists are essential for the identification and reduction of patients drug related problems. Therefore, Pharmacy courses started the process of teaching Pharmaceutical Care to students in order to improve their communication skills. The use of virtual patients (VP) has been a widely used technique in health care courses, but many of the VP tools in Pharmacy field are in English and do not have clinical cases that are common in tropical countries, such as Brazil. The aim of this work is to describe the PharmaVP system, developed with the purpose of training Latin America students in Pharmaceutical Care. The main differential of PharmaVP is the availability in three languages (Portuguese, English and Spanish) and the possibility of clinical case evolution, simulating several visits made by the patient. AB - METHODS: The system was developed according to an incremental and interactive methodology, well suited for conducting multidisciplinary projects. Real clinical cases were collected from a Pharmaceutical Care program and added in PharmaVP to simulate the virtual patients. Then, 31 students of a Pharmacy course were trained and invited to participate of the evaluation study. They used the software and answered adapted instruments that assess the students' acceptance of, use of, learning of, and satisfaction with the system. AB - RESULTS: The results showed that the students found the cases realistic and learned significantly using the software. Another positive point is that the application process of PharmaVP did not consume much time. AB - DISCUSSION: We can conclude that the virtual patient tool contributed to the development of the skills required for the practice of Pharmaceutical Care, but should be used as complementary technique.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1872-8243 IL - 1386-5056 DI - S1386-5056(15)30004-6 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.05.015 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English EP - 20150601 DP - 2015 Sep DC - 20150721 YR - 2015 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=26077512 <783. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25841984 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Heimer R AU - Zhan W AU - Grau LE FA - Heimer, Robert FA - Zhan, Weihai FA - Grau, Lauretta E IN - Heimer,Robert. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. Electronic address: robert.heimer@yale.edu. Zhan,Weihai. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. Grau,Lauretta E. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. TI - Prevalence and experience of chronic pain in suburban drug injectors. SO - Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 151:92-100, 2015 Jun 1. AS - Drug Alcohol Depend. 151:92-100, 2015 Jun 1. NJ - Drug and alcohol dependence PI - Journal available in: Print-Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - ebs, 7513587 OI - Source: NLM. NIHMS673815 [Available on 06/01/16] OI - Source: NLM. PMC4447527 [Available on 06/01/16] SB - Index Medicus CP - Ireland KW - Anxiety; Chronic pain; Depression; Injection drug use; Opioids; Suburbs AB - AIMS: To explore the relationship between chronic pain and characteristics, behaviors, and psychological status of suburban Connecticut injection drug users. AB - METHODS: Cross-sectional study with quantitative interview and serological testing for HIV and hepatitis B and C in 456 individuals who injected drugs in the past month. Participants were dichotomized into those reporting current chronic pain of at least six months duration and all others. The interview covered (i) sociodemographics, (ii) injection drug use, (iii) interactions with drug treatment, criminal justice, and harm reduction, (iv) screening for alcohol use, chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, and (v) knowledge regarding HIV, hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), and opioid overdose. Serological testing for HIV, HBV, and HCV was conducted. AB - RESULTS: One-third (n = 143) reported chronic pain. These individuals differed significantly from those not reporting chronic pain on characteristics that included older age, lower educational achievement, and injection of pharmaceutical opioids. They also reported experiencing more psychological and family problems on the ASI and higher levels of depression and anxiety. Four of five individuals with chronic pain (n = 117) reported non-medical opioid use prior to the onset of chronic pain. AB - CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain is common among drug injectors in our study population although it was unusual for chronic pain to have preceded non-medical opioid use. Psychological problems in injectors with co-occurring chronic pain are likely pose significant complications to successful treatment for substance abuse, pain, or infectious disease treatment.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ES - 1879-0046 IL - 0376-8716 DI - S0376-8716(15)00147-7 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.007 PT - Journal Article NO - R01 DA030420 (United States NIDA NIH HHS) LG - English EP - 20150319 DP - 2015 Jun 1 DC - 20150527 YR - 2015 RD - 20150529 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25841984 <784. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 25627678 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Process AU - Neininger MP AU - Kaune A AU - Bertsche A AU - Rink J AU - Musiol J AU - Frontini R AU - Prenzel F AU - Kiess W AU - Bertsche T FA - Neininger, Martina P FA - Kaune, Almuth FA - Bertsche, Astrid FA - Rink, Jessica FA - Musiol, Juliane FA - Frontini, Roberto FA - Prenzel, Freerk FA - Kiess, Wieland FA - Bertsche, Thilo IN - Neininger,Martina P. Drug Safety Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. MartinaPatrizia.Neininger@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Neininger,Martina P. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. MartinaPatrizia.Neininger@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Kaune,Almuth. Drug Safety Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Almuth.Kaune@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Kaune,Almuth. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Almuth.Kaune@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Bertsche,Astrid. Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Astrid.Bertsche@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Rink,Jessica. Drug Safety Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. jessica.rink@gmx.de. Rink,Jessica. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. jessica.rink@gmx.de. Musiol,Juliane. Drug Safety Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. juliane_musiol@hotmail.de. Musiol,Juliane. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. juliane_musiol@hotmail.de. Frontini,Roberto. Drug Safety Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Roberto.Frontini@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Frontini,Roberto. Pharmacy Department of the University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Roberto.Frontini@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Prenzel,Freerk. Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Freerk.Prenzel@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Kiess,Wieland. Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Wieland.Kiess@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Bertsche,Thilo. Drug Safety Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. thilo.bertsche@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. Bertsche,Thilo. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. thilo.bertsche@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. TI - How to improve prescription of inhaled salbutamol by providing standardised feedback on administration: a controlled intervention pilot study with follow-up. SO - BMC Health Services Research. 15:40, 2015. AS - BMC Health Serv Res. 15:40, 2015. NJ - BMC health services research PI - Journal available in: Electronic PI - Citation processed from: Internet JC - 101088677 OI - Source: NLM. PMC4314799 SB - Index Medicus CP - England AB - BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of inhaled salbutamol in routine care depends particularly on prescribed dosage and applied inhalation technique. To achieve maximum effectiveness and to prevent drug-related problems, prescription and administration need to work in concert. AB - METHODS: We performed a controlled intervention pilot study with 4 consecutive groups in a general paediatric unit and assessed problems in salbutamol prescribing and administration. Control group [i]: Routine care without additional support. First intervention group [ii]: We carried out a teaching session for nurses aimed at preventing problems in inhalation technique. Independently from this, a pharmacist counselled physicians on problems in salbutamol prescribing. Second intervention group [iii]: Additionally to the first intervention, physicians received standardised feedback on the inhalation technique. Follow-up group [iv]: Subsequently, without any delay after the second intervention group had been completed, sustainability of the measures was assessed. We performed the chi-square test to calculate the level of significance with p<0.05 to indicate a statistically significant difference for the primary outcome. As we performed multiple testing, an adjusted p<0.01 according to Bonferroni correction was considered as significant. AB - RESULTS: We included a total of 225 patients. By counselling the physicians, we reduced the number of patients with problems from 55% to 43% (control [i] vs. first intervention [ii], n.s.). With additional feedback to physicians, this number was further reduced to 25% ([i] vs. [iii], p<0.001). In the follow-up [iv], the number rose again to 48% (p<0.01 compared to feedback group). AB - CONCLUSIONS: Teaching nurses, counselling physicians, and providing feedback on the quality of inhalation technique effectively reduced problems in salbutamol treatment. However, for success to be sustained, continuous support needs to be provided. AB - TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials register: DRKS00006792 . ES - 1472-6963 IL - 1472-6963 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0702-x PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SI - DRKS SA - DRKS/DRKS00006792 LG - English EP - 20150128 DP - 2015 DC - 20150417 YR - 2015 RD - 20150417 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=25627678 <785. > VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 23770948 RO - From MEDLINE, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. ST - In-Data-Review AU - Azmi S AU - Nazri N AU - Azmi AH FA - Azmi, S FA - Nazri, N FA - Azmi, A H M IN - Azmi,S. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. azmi@usm.my. TI - Extending the roles of community pharmacists: views from general medical practitioners. SO - Medical Journal of Malaysia. 67(6):577-81, 2012 Dec. AS - Med J Malaysia. 67(6):577-81, 2012 Dec. NJ - The Medical journal of Malaysia PI - Journal available in: Print PI - Citation processed from: Print JC - m2m, 0361547 SB - Index Medicus CP - Malaysia AB - This study investigates the views of general medical practitioners (GP) to the extended role of the community pharmacists (CP). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all private clinics (n=438) run by GPs in the state of Penang. The questionnaire asked GP's views on ideas for new services provided by community pharmacists. Three hundred and twenty-seven questionnaires were collected, giving a response rate of 74.5%. More than 50% of respondents were in favour of the community pharmacist involvement in activities of providing public health education (58.7%), contacting GPs on matters related to prescribing and prescription errors (56.0%), and referring patients who exhibit drug-related problems (53.0%). However, the respondents had a mixed opinion regarding the roles of CPs in smoking cessation programme (34.8%) and providing drug information to physicians (43.0%). Additional research is needed to explain GPs attitudes towards the acceptability of the new role of the pharmacist. IS - 0300-5283 IL - 0300-5283 PT - Journal Article LG - English DP - 2012 Dec DC - 20130617 YR - 2012 UP - 20151217 XL - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23770948