Sexual violence among two populations of men at high risk of HIV infection - Braitstein, Paula; Asselin, Jérôme J.; Schilder, Arn; Miller, Mary-Lou; Laliberté, Nancy; Schechter, Martin T.; Hogg, Robert S. (AIDS Care, 2006)
This study sought to compare the prevalence of, and relationship between, age at first experience of sexual violence and HIV and other health risk behaviors in two populations of men at high risk of HIV infection. Data were drawn from two cohorts: Vanguard, a prospective study of young men who have sex with men (MSM), and VIDUS, the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study. Controlling for fixed sociodemographics, multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between age at first sexual violence (vs. never experiencing it) and several health risk behaviors. There were 140/498 (28%) MSM from Vanguard and 173/932 (19%) injection drug users (IDU) from VIDUS who reported having experienced sexual violence. Among VIDUS men, 130/852 (15%) IDU-only and 43/80 (54%) who were both IDU and MSM reported a history of sexual violence. The prevalence of child sexual abuse was 13% in Vanguard MSM, and 11% among VIDUS IDU-only, but 26% among VIDUS MSM/IDU. The median age of onset was significantly lower among VIDUS IDU-only compared to the two other groups. Experiencing sexual violence first in childhood was strongly related to ever being in the sex trade in both IDU and MSM. MSM in Vanguard who experienced sexual violence in childhood were more likely to have attempted suicide, and have a diagnosed mood disorder. Non-MSM IDU in VIDUS who experienced sexual violence in childhood were more likely to have a diagnosed mental illness, to binge on alcohol, and to have ever accidentally overdosed. In conclusion, men who have ever had sex with men appear to have a higher lifetime prevalence of sexual violence, compared to non-MSM injection drug users. Sexual violence is differentially associated with different health risk behaviors, depending on the age at first occurrence and the primary HIV risk factor (i.e. MSM vs. IDU). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual violence; men; high risk populations; HIV infection; health risk behaviors; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child Abuse, Sexual; Cohort Studies; Demography; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Violence; HIV; Human Males; Psychosexual Behavior; Sexual Abuse; Violence; At Risk Populations; Drug Abuse; Epidemiology; Health Behavior; Homosexuality; Risk Taking; Sexual Risk Taking; Health Risk Behavior

Sexual orientation and suicidal behavior - Lester, David (Psychological Reports, 2006)
In a large sample of 4,700 individuals who belong to a website for body modification, the 1,759 bisexuals and the 228 homosexuals reported a greater incidence of prior suicidal ideation and attempts than did the 2,647 heterosexuals, even after controls for sex and self-reported depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual orientation; suicidal behavior; suicidal ideation; depression; Adolescent; Adult; Bisexuality; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Depression; Female; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Incidence; Internet; Male; Sex Factors; Statistics as Topic; Suicide, Attempted; Major Depression; Sexual Orientation; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide

Bullying victimisation, self harm and associated factors in Irish adolescent boys - McMahon, Elaine M.; Reulbach, Udo; Keeley, Helen; Perry, Ivan J.; Arensman, Ella (Social Science & Medicine, 2010)
School bullying victimisation is associated with poor mental health and self harm. However, little is known about the lifestyle factors and negative life events associated with victimisation, or the factors associated with self harm among boys who experience bullying. The objectives of the study were to examine the prevalence of bullying in Irish adolescent boys, the association between bullying and a broad range of risk factors among boys, and factors associated with self harm among bullied boys and their non-bullied peers. Analyses were based on the data of the Irish centre of the Child and Adolescent Self Harm in Europe (CASE) study (boys n = 1870). Information was obtained on demographic factors, school bullying, deliberate self harm and psychological and lifestyle factors including negative life events. In total 363 boys (19.4%) reported having been a victim of school bullying at some point in their lives. The odds ratio of lifetime self harm was four times higher for boys who had been bullied than those without this experience. The factors that remained in the multivariate logistic regression model for lifetime history of bullying victimisation among boys were serious physical abuse and self esteem. Factors associated with self harm among bullied boys included psychological factors, problems with schoolwork, worries about sexual orientation and physical abuse, while family support was protective against self harm. Our findings highlight the mental health problems associated with victimisation, underlining the importance of anti-bullying policies in schools. Factors associated with self harm among boys who have been bullied should be taken into account in the identification of boys at risk of self harm. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: bullying factors; victimization; self harm; Ireland; adolescence; boys; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Aggression; Crime Victims; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Ireland; Male; Mental Disorders; Peer Group; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Schools; Self Concept; Self-Injurious Behavior; Social Behavior; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent Attitudes; Victimization; Bullying; Human Males; Risk Factors

HIV prevalence and correlates of receptive needle sharing among injection drug users in the Mexican-US border city of Tijuana - Magis-Rodríguez, Carlos; Brouwer, Kimberly C.; Morales, Sonia; Gayet, Cecilia; Lozada, Remedies; Ortiz-Mondragón, Raul; Ricketts, Erin P.; Strathdee, Steffanie A. (Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2005)
Injection drug use is a growing but understudied problem in Tijuana, a city situated on the northwestern Mexico-U.S border. The authors studied factors associated with receptive needle sharing in an effort to inform prevention activities. In 2003, street-recruited injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana underwent interviews on injection risk behaviors and rapid HIV antibody tests. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of receptive needle sharing at the last injection episode. Of 402 IDUs, 87.6% were male; the median age was 34. HIV prevalence was 4.01% (95% CI: 2.29-6.51). One third reported receptive needle sharing at last injection. Factors independently associated with receptive needle sharing were years living in Tijuana (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AdjOR]= 0.97 per year, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99), being bisexual/homosexual (AdjOR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.30-3.44), unemployed (AdjOR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.52-4.10), never having an HIV test (AOR: 4.02; 95% CI: 2.44-6.60), having friends who placed importance on avoiding HIV (AdjOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.68) and last injecting in a shooting gallery (AdjOR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.21-3.24). These results underscore the need to increase access to voluntary HIV testing and counseling to IDUs and migrants in Tijuana, as well as expand access to sterile syringes in an effort to avert widespread HIV transmission. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: HIV prevalence; needle sharing; injection drug users; Mexican US border city; risk factors; Adult; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Needle Sharing; Prevalence; Sexual Behavior; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; HIV; Intravenous Drug Usage; Needle Sharing; Risk Factors; Urban Environments

Comparisons of intimate partner violence among partners in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships in the United States - Blosnich, John R.; Bossarte, Robert M. (American Journal of Public Health, 2009)
Using 2005–2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we examined intimate partner violence (IPV) by same-sex and opposite-sex relationships and by Metropolitan Statistical Area status. Same-sex victims differed from opposite-sex victims in some forms of IPV prevalence, and urban same-sex victims had increased odds of poor self-perceived health status (adjusted odds ratio = 2.41; 95% confidence interval= 1.17, 4.94). Same-sex and opposite-sex victims experienced similar poor health outcomes, underscoring the need both of inclusive service provision and consideration of sexual orientation in population-based research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: intimate partner violence; same sex partners; opposite sex relationships; US; sexual orientation; Adult; Female; Health Status; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Self Concept; Spouse Abuse; United States; Intimate Partner Violence; Sexual Orientation

Suicidality in a venue-based sample of young men who have sex with men - Remafedi, Gary (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2002)
Examined the incidence, prevalence, and characteristics of suicide attempts in a unique, venuebased sample of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Eligible participants were 15-25-year-old men who were living in a major metropolitan area (Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota) and had sex with men within 12 months of the interview. A total of 255 subjects were randomly sampled from popular venues for a structured, 20-min interview (1999) that included four items regarding suicide intentions and attempts. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate tests of statistical significance. Eighty-six percent of eligible individuals completed the survey. One-third of all respondents reported at least one suicide attempt, and 4.7% attempted suicide in the past year. Although suicide attempts were more prevalent among African-Americans and urban residents; only school enrollment was significantly associated with attempts in the multivariate analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: young men; school enrollment; metropolitan area; attempted suicide; suicide attempt; Adolescent; Adult; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Incidence; Male; Minnesota; Multivariate Analysis; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; Attempted Suicide; Human Males; School Enrollment; Suicide; Urban Environments; Suicidality

Depressive distress among homosexually active African American men and women - Cochran, Susan D.; Mays, Vickie M. (The American Journal of Psychiatry, 1994)
Examined rates of depressive distress and suicidal thoughts among 829 African American men (aged 18–70 yrs) and 603 African American women (aged 18–60 yrs) who were homosexually active and who might be especially at risk for psychiatric morbidity due to multiple stigmatized social statuses. Ss completed self-administered questionnaires, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results indicate that homosexually active Black women were as distressed as HIV-infected gay Black men. Men with symptomatic HIV disease were significantly more distressed than men who were HIV infected but asymptomatic, who were HIV-antibody negative, or whose HIV status was unknown. Both men and women reported distress levels in excess of those previously reported in studies (e.g., J. H. Boyd et al [see PA, Vol 69:3549]) of Blacks or primarily White gay men. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: depressive distress & suicidal thoughts; homosexually active African American 18–70 yr old males vs females with vs without symptomatic vs asymptomatic HIV; Adolescent; Adult; African Americans; Aged; Bisexuality; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Social Support; Suicide; Blacks; HIV; Homosexuality; Major Depression; Suicidal Ideation; Human Sex Differences; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality

Effects of a multi-factor education program on the attitude of child and youth worker students toward gays and lesbians - Christensen, Sally; Sorenson, L. M. (Child & Youth Care Forum, 1994)
Designed a program addressing caregivers' attitudes, behavior and cognitions to effect and maintain positive attitudes toward gay and lesbian youth. 35 child and youth worker students participated in 1 of 2 6-hr programs: 1 provided increased exposure to gay/lesbian lives; the other examined youth suicide. Change was assessed in 2 posttests. Experimental Ss had significantly more positive scores on the affective and cognitive measures but did not differ on the behavioral measure. Group means on all 3 measures did not differ significantly 4 wks later. These results indicate negative attitudes can be moderated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: education program; attitudes toward gay & lesbian youth; child & youth worker students; Canada; Child Care Workers; Educational Programs; Homosexuality (Attitudes Toward); Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality

Successive switching of antiretroviral therapy is associated with high psychological and physical burden - Sherr, Lorraine; Lampe, Fiona; Norwood, Sally; Leake-Date, Heather; Fisher, Martin; Edwards, Simon; Arthur, Gilly; Anderson, Jane; Zetler, Sarah; Johnson, Margaret; Harding, R. (International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2007)
HIV treatment and management is constantly evolving. This is as a result of more treatment options coming on stream, tolerance changes and progress in treatment management. HIV infection today, in resource-rich countries and in the presence of combination therapies, is experienced as lifelong treatment punctuated by adjustments to antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. People who are diagnosed as HIV positive face a number of challenges and changes around the decision to commence treatment, responses to treatment and changes in treatment regimens. This study was set up to examine the experience of switching treatments and the impact of such switches on psychological parameters. The method used was a cross-sectional questionnaire study. A group of 779 HIV-positive clinic attendees at four clinics in London and South East England participated in the study (86% response rate). They provided detail of their treatment switching experiences as well as demographic details, risk and optimism evaluations, quality of life, symptom burden, adherence and disclosure information. The sample (n = 779) comprised 183 (24%) females, 76 (10%) heterosexual males and 497 gay males (66%). Self-reported ethnicity was 67% white, 25% black, 3% Asian and 5% mixed/other ethnicity. One hundred and fifty-five (21%) were ART-naïve and 624 (79%) were ART experienced; 161 (22%) were receiving their first regimen, 135 (18%) had experienced one regimen switch, 196 (26%) had multiple switches and 99 (13.3%) had stopped treatment. Treatment naïve, non-switchers and single switchers generally reported lower symptom burden and higher quality of life. Multiple switchers reported higher physical symptom burden and higher global symptom distress scores. Those who had stopped treatment had significantly lower quality-of-life scores than all other groups. Suicidal ideation was high across the groups and nearly a fifth of all respondents had not disclosed their HIV status to anyone. Reported adherence was suboptimal -79% of subjects were at least 95% adherent on self-report measures of doses taken over the preceding week. In conclusion, nearly half this clinic sample will have switched treatments. A holistic approach is needed to understand the psychological effects of such switches if lifelong treatment is to be maintained and those on antiretroviral treatment are to attain good quality of life and minimize symptom burden. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: HIV; antiretroviral therapy; psychological burden; physical symptom burden; quality of life; switching treatments; adherence; disclosure; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; England; Ethnic Groups; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Heterosexuality; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Patient Compliance; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Antiviral Drugs; HIV; Physical Disorders; Psychodynamics; Treatment Compliance; Quality of Life; Self-Disclosure

'Odds ratios for suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men': Reply - Paul, Jay P. (American Journal of Public Health, 2003)
Reply to the letter to the editor by Brandon Pierce (see record [rid]2003-99149-001[/rid]) on the author's original study (see record [rid]2002-15460-011[/rid]) on the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts and psychosocial correlates in men (aged 18-86 yrs) who have sex with men. Pierce's letter suggests a misreading or misunderstanding of the article and findings. Pierce's unease about the reporting of the study findings and the contention that the authors have made 'erroneous' claims appears to be based on confusion of the discussion of Table 3 results with the odds ratios and confidence intervals reported in Table 2. As the 2 tables examine different questions and refer to different subsets of the entire sample, their findings would not be expected to be entirely consistent. It is also somewhat unclear in what way 2 of the questions concerning 'suicide ideation in relation to age' were not adequately addressed. No in-depth analysis of suicidal ideation was done; the authors presented only univariate correlates of ever making a suicide plan. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide attempts; psychosocial correlates; men who have sex with men; homosexuality; bisexuality; epidemiology; Attempted Suicide; Bisexuality; Epidemiology; Male Homosexuality; Psychosocial Factors

Sex, drugs, violence, and HIV status among male-to-female transgender persons in Houston, Texas - Risser, Jan M. H.; Shelton, Andrea; McCurdy, Sheryl; Atkinson, John; Padgett, Paige; Useche, Bernardo; Thomas, Brenda; Williams, Mark (International Journal of Transgenderism, 2005)
To inform the Community Planning Group (Houston, Texas) in setting HIV-prevention priorities, risk behavior surveys were completed by 67 male-to-female (MtF) transgender persons. By self-identification, 58% were preoperative and 48% were self-described heterosexual women. We found this small sample of male-to-female transgender individuals to have high rates of HIV infection, and high prevalence of risky behaviors, intimate partner violence, and suicidal ideation. Twenty-seven percent were infected with HIV. Barriers were seldom used during oral sex and used less than half the time for anal sex with either primary or casual partners. Nearly one third of the sample reported use of methamphetamines, amyl nitrite or LSD and 40% reported crack or cocaine use. Intimate partner violence and forced sex were reported by 50% and 25%, respectively. Suicidal ideation was reported by 16% in the last 30 days; lifetime suicidal ideation was 60%. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sex; drugs; violence; HIV status; male-to-female transgender persons; Houston; risk behaviors; HIV; Risk Taking; Transsexualism; Risk Assessment; Drugs; Sex; Sexual Risk Taking; Violence

Research exploring the health, wellness, and safety concerns of sexual minority youth - Wells, Kristopher (Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 2009)
This article provides an overview of the critical risk factors that negatively impact the health, safety, personal wellness, and educational achievement of sexual minority youth. Contemporary and landmark studies of the key stressors faced by sexual minority are reviewed with an emphasis on Canadian data. Sexual minority youth often encounter multiple risk factors, have fewer protective factors (such as a sense of connectedness to school and family), and experience more bullying, harassment, alienation, suicide ideation, and substance abuse than do their heterosexual peers. Over a decade of research evidence clearly indicates that educational institutions have a legal, ethical, and professional responsibility to respond appropriately to the urgent health, safety, and educational needs of sexual minority youth (Grace & Wells, 2005, 2009; Wells, 2008). A failure to respond by important adults in the lives of such youth, places vulnerable youth at significant risk and denies them access to important protective factors in their lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: health; personal wellness; safety concerns; sexual minority groups; Health; Minority Groups; Safety; Sexuality; Well Being; Sexual Minority Groups

Homophobia and psychotic crimes of violence - Murphy, Denis (Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 2006)
Irrationally negative attitudes towards homosexual people, known as homophobia, may cause assaults by mentally ill men. A qualitative study is presented in which homophobic motives are examined in detail. Five hospital in-patients were selected. All suffered from paranoid psychosis in which a homophobic theme was prominent. All had attacked with the intention to kill. Two of the victims died. The case records were studied and each patient participated in a semi-structured interview, which was audio-taped. Transcripts were made and studied using discourse analysis with an emphasis on the narrative of events leading to the crime. These cases are used as a basis for suggesting that it may be useful to categorize homophobic violence into three broad categories: non-psychotic violence, violence arising during typical psychotic illness, and violence arising during atypical or brief psychosis. The study describes and compares features of these homophobic states. Non-psychotic homophobia is an attitude often shared with others. It may lead to severe violence, often premeditated, and may influence the development of psychotic ideas. In those with typical psychotic states, abnormal ideas, often bizarre, of a homophobic nature may arise and can be described in the same way as other abnormal ideas in mental illness. In those with atypical psychosis, both the psychosis and the accompanying homophobic violence may be a reaction to a humiliating failure of gender self-esteem, which can be described as severe internalized homophobia. This may generate extreme and unbearable states of mind leading to both suicide and homicide. Inner conflicts about sexual functioning, associated with shame and rage, lead to paranoid attacks. Distinction between different forms of homophobia may be important in providing advice to courts and in planning therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychotic crimes; homophobic violence; mentally ill men; Crime; Criminal Behavior; Homosexuality (Attitudes Toward); Mentally Ill Offenders; Violence

Youth risk behavior survey: Bangkok, Thailand - Ruangkanchanasetr, Suwanna; Plitponkarnpim, Adisak; Hetrakul, Priyasuda; Kongsakon, Ronnachai (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2005)
Purpose: To identify the prevalence of risk behaviors and related risk factors in adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: Youth risk behavior survey questionnaires were collected from 2311 adolescents in 8 schools, 13 communities and 2 Juvenile Home Institutions from January to February 2001. Their mean age was 15.5 ± 1.8 years, and 59% were female. Risk factors of interest were gender, parental marital status, socioeconomic status, family relationship, parental drug addiction, peer group, loneliness, self-esteem, and school performance. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors associated with each risk behavior. Results: The risk behaviors leading to traffic accidents were rarely or never having worn a seat belt (30.6%) or helmet while bicycling (66.9%) and while motorcycling (50.1%), riding with drivers who had consumed alcohol (18.8%), and driving after consuming alcohol (12.1%). The studied group carried weapons (8.5%) and has been involved in a violent event (31.5%). Among 13.9% who were assaulted, 6.7% needed hospitalization; rape was reported by 2.4%. Depression was reported by 19.9%, with 12% having suicidal tendencies and 8% attempting suicide. The lifetime use vs. heavy use prevalence of substance abuse, respectively, was: 15.4% and 3.5% for smoking, 37.3% and 1.7% for alcohol, 37.8% and 4.6% for amphetamine use, and 37.9% and 0.1% for other drugs. Among the 10% who have had sexual intercourse, 1% were homosexual, 7.1% have never used a condom, and 2.1% resulted in pregnancy. Being male was a risk factor for every untoward behavior except depression. Other risk factors included poor self-esteem, poor school performance, and early school leaving. Factors relating to the family included a low socioeconomic status, poor relationships, broken families, and parental substance abuse. Socioenvironmental factors included being in a gang and loneliness. Some risk behaviors started at younger than 8 years old. Schools and media were given as the sources of information regarding sex, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and substance abuse. Conclusions: The prevalence of six major-risk behaviors in adolescents in Bangkok was significantly high. Several risk factors were identified, the knowledge from which may help to form preventive measures in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: prevalence; health risk behaviors; risk factors; adolescents; Thailand; Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Depression; Family Relations; Female; HIV Infections; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Peer Group; Prevalence; Risk-Taking; Self Concept; Sexual Behavior; Smoking; Social Class; Substance-Related Disorders; Thailand; Urban Population; Violence; Adolescent Attitudes; Health Behavior; Risk Factors; Risk Taking; Health Risk Behavior

The transsexual: What about the future - Michel, Aude; Ansseau, M.; Legros, J. J.; Pitchot, W.; Mormont, C. (European Psychiatry, 2002)
Since the 1950s, sexual surgical reassignments have been frequently carried out. As this surgical therapeutic procedure is controversial, it seems important to explore the actual consequences of such an intervention and objectively evaluate its relevance. In this context, we have carried out a review of the literature. After looking at the methodological limitations of follow-up studies, the psychological, sexual, social, and professional futures of the individuals subject to a transsexual operation are presented. Finally, prognostic aspects are considered. In the literature, follow-up studies tend to show that surgical transformations have positive consequences for the subjects. In the majority of cases, transsexuals are very satisfied with their intervention and any difficulties experienced are often temporary and disappear within a year after the surgical transformation. Studies show that there is less than 1 % of regrets, and a little more than 1 % of suicides among operated subjects. The empirical research does not confirm the opinion that suicide is strongly associated with surgical transformation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: transsexual; sexual surgical reassignments; prognosis; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Period; Suicide, Attempted; Transsexualism; Urogenital Surgical Procedures; Prognosis; Transsexualism; Gender Reassignment

Evaluation of a sexual health approach to reducing HIV/STD risk in the transgender community - Bockting, W. O.; Robinson, B. E.; Forberg, J.; Scheltema, K. (AIDS Care, 2005)
Despite reports of high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among the transgender community, very little prevention education has targeted this population. To fill this gap, we developed and evaluated a transgender-specific intervention, All Gender Health, which incorporates prevention strategies into comprehensive sexuality education. Transgender participants (N =181) attended the two-day seminar in community-based venues. The curriculum was delivered via lectures, panel discussions, videos, music, exercises and small group discussions. Attitudes toward condom use, safer sex self-efficacy and sexual risk behaviour were evaluated before participation in the intervention (pre-test), immediately after participation (post-test) and at three-month follow-up. Compared to pre-test values, significant improvements were seen in attitudes toward condom use and in safer sex self-efficacy at post-test, and in attitudes toward condom use, increased monogamy and decreased sexual risk behaviour at three-month follow-up. Pre-test data identified unprotected anal, vaginal and oral sex as the most commonly reported risk behaviours. Many respondents also indicated problems with social discrimination, depression, suicidal ideation and sexual functioning. Future interventions should address these risk co-factors. Alternative interventions need to be developed to target those who, as a result of social marginalization, are less likely to be reached with an intensive seminar-based intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexually transmitted diseases; HIV; transgender community; prevention; intervention; sexuality education; sexual risk behaviour; condom use attitudes; safe sex self efficacy; Adolescent; Adult; Female; HIV Infections; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Education; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Transsexualism; Transvestism; Unsafe Sex; HIV; Intervention; Sex Education; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Transsexualism; AIDS Prevention; Condoms; Health Attitudes; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Safe Sex; Self-Efficacy; Sexual Risk Taking

Lesbian uses of and satisfaction with mental health services: Results from Boston Lesbian Health Project - Sorensen, Lena; Roberts, Susan Jo (Journal of Homosexuality, 1997)
A national study of 1633 lesbian women using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 1987 by the Fenway Community Health Center in Boston. Information was gathered about demographics, health practices, personal and work stress, mental and physical health problems, sexual practices, family history of health problems, and genetic attributes hypothesized to be related to 'gayness.' Investigation focused on mental health needs of lesbians, utilization and quality of treatment by mental health providers, rates of suicide attempts, and alcoholism. Past findings were compared with the responses of the lesbians in the current community-based study. Results show that although a significant number of the lesbian women had been in therapy, they sought out therapy as a coping strategy to deal with similar issues as other women, i.e., depression and relationships. Suicide attempts decreased considerably after adolescence and 'coming out.' Rates of alcohol use and abuse, although difficult to compare with other studies, were higher than other women but similar to other studies investigating a community sample of lesbians. Even with a high family history of alcoholism, less than 5 percent reported having sought out therapy to deal with any issues of alcohol or drug use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: use of therapy for coping & attempted suicide & alcoholism & health & mental health behavior & stress & life experiences & family history of health problems & genetic attributes; lesbians; Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Boston; Consumer Behavior; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Homosexuality, Female; Humans; Mental Health Services; Middle Aged; Social Identification; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide, Attempted; Urban Population; Coping Behavior; Health Care Utilization; Lesbianism; Mental Health; Alcoholism; Attempted Suicide; Demographic Characteristics; Family Background; Genetics; Health; Human Females; Life Experiences; Psychosexual Behavior; Stress

Risks in Childhood: How Many? How Bad? How Can We Fix Them? - Sterling Honig, Alice (PsycCRITIQUES, 2007)
Reviews the book, Nurturing Future Generations: Promoting Resilience in Children and Adolescents Through Social, Emotional and Cognitive Skills (2nd ed.) by Rosemary A. Thompson (see record [rid]2006-09686-000[/rid]). This fact-packed volume by Rosemary A. Thompson, is an encyclopedic effort to describe a wide variety of risk situations for children and adolescents. The author sets out to specify the extent and seriousness of the problems. Each chapter addresses an ongoing and troublesome issue in children's lives. These include a vast variety of troubles such as school dropouts and failures, family divorce, neglect, suicide attempts, loss, underachievement, unintended teen pregnancy, bullying and school violence, riding with an alcohol-impaired driver, gangs, depression, drug abuse, high-risk sexual activity, self-mutilation, running away from home, isolation, alienation, gay and sexual minority youth, and death or incarceration of a parent. In each chapter, Thompson provides extensive statistics to back up the claim of grave risks for children and adolescents in today's society. She also provides an extensive set of tables, many of which she generously gives permission to reproduce freely for use in counseling or structured interventions. In addition to documenting each risk factor, each chapter discusses in depth and extensively on a wide variety of programmatic efforts that have had positive results in identifying mitigating factors and resources that can modify dysfunctional outcomes for children at risk. This book will be useful as a resource for a community agency whose personnel are dedicated to finding funding resources and allocations to address the risks specifically addressed in the book. Students of sociology should also find this book helpful as a reference and in researching a specific area of risk and what has or could be done for amelioration or for enhancing protective factors, whether in the school, the family, or the community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: risk factors; risk situations; children; adolescents; Adolescent Development; Childhood Development; Risk Factors; Risk Management

Self-harm in adolescents: Self-report survey in schools in Scotland - O'Connor, Rory C.; Rasmussen, Susan; Miles, Jeremy; Hawton, Keith (The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2009)
Background: The suicide rate in Scotland is twice as high as that in England. However, the prevalence of self-harm is unknown. Aims: To determine the prevalence of self-harm in adolescents in Scotland and the factors associated with it. Method: A total of 2008 pupils aged 15-16 years completed an anonymous lifestyle and coping survey. Information was obtained on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, life events and problems, social influences, psychological variables and self-harm. Results: Self-harm was reported by 13.8% of the respondents. The majority (71%) of those who had self-harmed had done so in the past 12 months and girls were approximately 3.4 times more likely to report self-harm than boys. In multivariate analyses, smoking, bullying, worries about sexual orientation, self-harm by family and anxiety were associated with self-harm in both genders. In addition, drug use, physical abuse, serious boy/girlfriend problems, self-harm by friends and low levels of optimism were also associated with self-harm in girls. Conclusions: Despite markedly different national suicide rates, the prevalence of self-harm in Scotland is similar to that in England with girls at least three times more likely to report self-harm than boys. The findings suggest a role for emotional literacy programmes in schools and highlight the importance of promoting positive mental health among adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: self harm; adolescents; prevalence; suicide rate; self report; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Anxiety; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Life Style; Male; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Schools; Scotland; Self Concept; Self Disclosure; Self-Injurious Behavior; Epidemiology; Self-Destructive Behavior; Self-Report; Suicide

An early male adolescent with externalizing behaviors, school failure, and a colostomy - Sedberry, Deborah; Tarbell, Sally; Stein, Martin T. (Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 2008)
Case: Jeff is a 14 1/2 years old ninth grader who presents with his mother, father, and step-father because he is failing in school. Jeff was born with an imperforate anus, and he had several surgical procedures in the first few years of life. He has a colostomy, but it is not clear how well he cares for it independently. Jeff's parents state that there other concern is that to prepare for school each morning or for other activities, they literally remind him of each step. Jeff has been active and disruptive since preschool, but is also described as 'charming.' School work and peer relations improved following a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the second grade and treatment with a long-acting stimulant medication. An Independent Education Plan (IEP) in second grade included achievement tests that demonstrated above grade level scores. Jeff continued to have problems with written expression, but did quite well in verbal expression. By seventh grade, Jeff complained to his parents that he 'wasn't fun to be around,' and refused to take medication for ADHD. He increasingly refused to do most of his homework or class work. Grades were approaching failing levels in the eighth grade when he was suspended twice for impulsive behaviors-drawing a picture of a gun pointed at another student, and signing a petition stating that a classmate was gay. After his second suspension, he was sent to a continuation school, where he resisted doing the required work, failed each subject, and socialized with peers. Jeff is failing in ninth grade although his teachers describe him as respectful in the classroom. His parents divorced when Jeff was a preschooler, and they do not agree on how to manage Jeff. Jeff's father has not supported medication for the treatment of ADHD. The parents tried numerous strategies to help Jeff, including improving organizational skills, offering rewards and punishments and counseling; they have participated in parenting classes. The parents acknowledge that Jeff always tries to negotiate with them and they often give in. There is no known substance abuse or illegal behavior, although he has demonstrated destructiveness and stealing at home. Jeff's mother remarried a year ago, and her husband backed her in setting more strict limits for Jeff; at Jeff's request, he is currently living with his father most of the time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: early male adolescent; externalizing behaviors; school failure; colostomy; imperforate anus; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Colostomy; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Learning Disorders; Male; Parents; Social Behavior; Student Dropouts; Adolescent Development; Colostomy; Diagnosis; Peer Relations

Sexual orientation and suicide risk among teenagers - Bobrow, Robert S. (JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 2002)
Comments on an article by A. J. Zametkin, M. R. Alter, and T. Yemini (see record [rid]2001-09845-002[/rid]) which commended on various aspects of suicide in teenagers and presented the case of a 16-yr-old female with Osgood-Schlatter disease that committed suicide. The author argues that a significant risk factor neglected by Zametkin et al in their article is sexual orientation. It is noted that the medical literature strongly supports a connection between sexual orientation of suicidality. The author implies that this connection may be even stronger than the literature reflects, as estimates are based only on the number of teenagers who are willing to admit that they are gay. The author speculates that since existing treatment programs, as Zametkin et al note, do not reduce subsequent adolescent suicide attempts, homosexual or bisexual adolescents may be even less likely to receive appropriate counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: teen suicide; risk factors; psychiatric factors; familial factors; genetic factors; social factors; assessment; management; prevention; sexual orientation; homosexual adolescents; bisexual adolescents; Adolescent; Bisexuality; Homosexuality; Humans; Psychology, Adolescent; Risk Factors; Suicide; Risk Factors; Sexual Orientation; Suicide; Suicide Prevention; Risk Assessment; Bisexuality; Family Relations; Genetics; Homosexuality; Psychosocial Factors; Risk Management

From my cold, dead hands: Democratic consequences of sacred rhetoric - Marietta, Morgan (The Journal of Politics, 2008)
Political rhetoric often appeals to sacred values, or nonnegotiable convictions grounded in transcendent authority rather than reasoned consequences. Sacred convictions are treated as absolutes that resist normal value tradeoffs and cast doubt on the moral standing of citizens who violate them. This study examines the political meaning of this form of persuasion in political domains such as guns, gay marriage, the death penalty, and the environment. Experimental evidence suggests that the distinctive effects of sacred appeals are on citizens' political reasoning and motivation rather than on their expressed opinions. Sacred rhetoric is not more effective in changing minds, but in shifting the nature of public discourse and increasing levels of political intensity. The democratic consequences of sacred rhetoric include greater citizen participation but lesser prospects for meaningful deliberation, a contradictory influence on the health of American democracy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sacred rhetoric; democracy; citizen participation; authority; Democracy; Political Processes; Rhetoric; Authority; Community Involvement; Consequence

Dying to tell: Sexuality and suicide in Imperial Japan - Robertson, Jennifer (Signs, 1999)
Details the 1935 spoofing of an attempted lesbian double suicide in a nationally distributed Japanese newspaper and follows the fate of the lesbian couple. Because of the cultural intelligibility of suicide in Japan, these stories of lesbian suicide and attempted suicide in the media seem to have served as an effective way to get controversial ideas into print and be integrated with the popular discourse of sexuality. The author also sees lesbian suicide and parasuicide letters and accounts as collectively constituting a voice in the heated public debates about the articulation of sexuality, gender ideology, cultural identity, and (inter)national image. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: lesbian suicides & parasuicide & articulation of sexuality & gender ideology & cultural identity in Imperial Japan through popular media & suicide letters; Attempted Suicide; Lesbianism; Mass Media; Narratives; Suicide; Gender Identity; Sexuality; Sociocultural Factors; Cultural Identity

The school psychologist's role in suicide prevention - Sandoval, Jonathan; Brock, Stephen E. (School Psychology Quarterly, 1996)
Suggests that the school psychologist's involvement in the issue of youth suicide spans primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and working with the aftermath of a suicide or suicide attempt. Primary prevention activities involve supporting and delivering curricula educating youth about suicide, promoting social problem solving in the school milieu, screening all students for suicidal ideation, creating networks of peer helpers, working to reduce the availability of suicidal means, training school personnel to identify and refer potentially suicidal youth, and establishing interdisciplinary crisis response teams. Secondary prevention involves working with individuals and groups at risk (i.e., alternative education students, gay and lesbian youth, and minority youth) for engaging in suicidal behavior. Tertiary prevention requires swift treatment and referral, including services delivered following a suicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: role of school psychologist in preventing youth suicide; School Psychologists; Suicide; Suicide Prevention

Dichotomous thinking as a sign of suicide risk on the TAT - Litinsky, Ann M.; Haslam, Nick (Journal of Personality Assessment, 1998)
Previous research has supported theoretical claims that dichotomous thinking may be a risk factor for suicide. However, the concept of dichotomous thinking is vague, and thus far, no measures of it have been developed. This study developed a coding scheme useful on TAT protocols and applicable to other verbal productions to refine the concept of dichotomous thinking and to assess its utility as a predictor of suicidality. Suicidal patients had a significantly elevated rate of a narrowly defined type of dichotomous thinking involving diametric or polarized possibilities. However, suicidal and nonsuicidal patients did not differ on weaker forms of dichotomous thinking involving nonexclusive or nonbinary alternatives. Suicidal patients produced shorter TAT stories than nonsuicidal patients, supporting other findings in the literature that suicidal patients tend to be cognitively and affectively 'shut down.' Traditionally designated 'suicide cards' also yielded shorter stories but did not elicit higher rates of dichotomous thinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: use of dichotomous thinking in TAT stories; 22–73 yr old suicidal vs nonsuicidal psychiatric patients; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Suicide, Attempted; Thinking; Cognitive Style; Psychiatric Patients; Suicidal Ideation; Thematic Apperception Test

Association of adolescent catatonia with increased mortality and morbidity: Evidence from a prospective follow-up study - Cornic, Françoise; Consoli, Angèle; Tanguy, Marie-Laure; Bonnot, Olivier; Périsse, Didier; Tordjman, Sylvie; Laurent, Claudine; Cohen, David (Schizophrenia Research, 2009)
This paper examined outcomes among youth with catatonic syndrome and determined whether the characteristics suggesting the relevance of chronic catatonic schizophrenia (CCS) at index episode remained stable at follow-up. From 1993 to 2004, 35 individuals aged 12 to 18 years were prospectively admitted for management of catatonic syndrome and followed up after discharge. Mean duration from discharge to follow-up was 3.9 years (range 1–10). Four patients were lost to follow-up. Among the remaining 31 subjects (mean age = 19.5 years, range 15–26), life-time diagnosis using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies was unchanged in 28 patients, and included schizophrenia (all subtypes; N = 20), major depressive episode (N = 5), bipolar disorder type I (N = 4) and brief psychotic episode (N = 2). Mortality (all-cause Standardized Mortality Ratio = 6266; 95% CI = 1181–18,547) and morbidity were severe, with 3 deaths (including 2 suicides), 6 patients presenting with a causal organic condition and 14 subjects needing continuous psychiatric care. All males in the study (N = 8) who had chronic catatonic schizophrenia at the index episode still had chronic catatonic signs at follow-up. Catatonia is one of the most severe psychiatric syndromes in adolescents. It is associated with a 60-fold increased risk of premature death, including suicide, when compared to the general population of same sex and age. This increased risk of premature death remains higher than the one measured in former adolescent psychiatric patients (all-cause SMR = 221; 95% CI = 156–303; Engqvist and Rydelius, 2006), or in schizophrenia irrespective to age and subtype (all-cause SMR = 157; 95% CI = 153–160; Harris and Barraclough, 1998). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: adolescent catatonia; chronic catatonic schizophrenia; mortality; morbidity; Adolescent; Adult; Catatonia; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Morbidity; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult; Catatonia; Catatonic Schizophrenia; Death and Dying; Morbidity

On courage - Jacobs, Theodore J. (Psychoanalytic Psychology, 2008)
In this clinical vignette, the author describes an individual who, in his opinion, manifested unusual courage, both in making extremely difficult life decisions and in facing his own fatal illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: courage; church; religion; homosexuality; suicide; fatal illness; life decisions; Courage; Death and Dying; Psychoanalysis; Terminally Ill Patients; Homosexuality; Religion; Suicide

Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey - Gilman, Stephen E.; Cochran, Susan D.; Mays, Vickie M.; Hughes, Michael; Ostrow, David; Kessler, Ronald C. (American Journal of Public Health, 2001)
Examined the risk of psychiatric disorders among 5,877 individuals with same-sex sexual partners (aged 15–54 yrs). Data were obtained from a nationally representative household survey. Respondents were asked the number of women and men with whom they had sexual intercourse in the past 5 yrs. Results show that a total of 2.1% of men and 1.5% of women reported 1 or more same-sex sexual partners in the past 5 yrs. These respondents had higher 12-mo prevalences of anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders and of suicidal thoughts and plans than did respondents with opposite-sex partners only. The elevated same-sex 12-mo prevalences were largely due to higher lifetime prevalences. Ages at onset and persistence of disorders did not differ between the same-sex and opposite-sex subsamples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: risk analysis; psychiatric disorders; same sex sexual partners; prevalence; Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Female; Health Surveys; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; United States; Homosexuality; Mental Disorders; Sexual Partners; Risk Assessment; Epidemiology

Risk assessment of adolescents with same-sex relationships - Udry, J. Richard; Chantala, Kim (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2002)
Compared the risk status on health and behavior for those with same-sex partners and those without. Add Health data provided a sample of 20,745 adolescents in grades 7 through 12 interviewed at home. The risk statuses of respondents with no partners, same-sex-only partners, and partners of both sexes were compared to respondents with opposite-sex partners only. Respondents were evaluated on selected personal and social attributes (verbal IQ, family structure, masculinity, popularity), and risk status (substance use, depression, suicidal thoughts, anal sex, general delinquency, being physically attacked, perceived risk of being killed or getting AIDS). Adolescents with same-sex-only partners do not resemble those with partners of both sexes in risk status. Combining the two categories obscures the unique risk profile of those with both-sex partners, and obscures the low risk on most variables but the high emotional risk of boys with only same-sex partners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: risk status; same-sex partners; social attributes; suicidal thoughts; health; risk assessment; adolescents; condoms; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Female; Health Behavior; Heterosexuality; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Public Health; Risk Assessment; Risk-Taking; Sexual Partners; Homosexuality; Sexual Risk Taking; Suicidal Ideation; Risk Assessment; AIDS; At Risk Populations; Condoms; Risk Perception

Self-injurious behaviors in a college population - Whitlock, Janis; Eckenrode, John; Silverman, Daniel (Pediatrics, 2006)
OBJECTIVE. The goal was to assess the prevalence, forms, demographic and mental health correlates of self-injurious behaviors in a representative college sample. METHODS. A random sample of undergraduate and graduate students at 2 northeastern US universities were invited to participate in an Internet-based survey in the spring of 2005. Thirty-seven percent of the 8300 invited participants responded. RESULTS. The lifetime prevalence rate of having 1 self-injurious behavior incident was 17.0%. Seventy-five percent of those students engaged in self-injurious behaviors more than once. Thirty-six percent reported that no one knew about their self-injurious behaviors and only 3.29% indicated that a physician knew. Compared with non-self-injurers, those with repeat self-injurious behavior incidents were more likely to be female, bisexual or questioning their sexual orientation. They were less likely to be Asian/Asian American and 24 years of age. When controlling for demographic characteristics, those with repeat self-injurious behavior incidents were more likely to report a history of emotional abuse or sexual abuse, ever having considered or attempted suicide, elevated levels of psychological distress, and 1 characteristic of an eating disorder. A dose-response gradient was evident in each of these areas when single-incident self-injurious behaviors were compared with repeat-incident self-injurious behaviors. CONCLUSIONS. A substantial number of college students reported self-injurious behaviors in their lifetimes. Many of the behaviors occurred among individuals who had never been in therapy for any reason and who only rarely disclosed their self-injurious behaviors to anyone. Single self-injurious behavior incidents were correlated with a history of abuse and comorbid adverse health conditions but less strongly than were repeat self-injurious behavior incidents. The reticence of these clients to seek help or advice renders it critical that medical and mental health providers find effective strategies for detecting and addressing self-injurious behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: self-injury; young adults; mental health; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Self-Injurious Behavior; Universities; Comorbidity; Epidemiology; Risk Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; College Students; Demographic Characteristics; Mental Health

Faculty perceptions of mental health issues among college students - Backels, Kelsey; Wheeler, Inese (Journal of College Student Development, 2001)
Surveyed 113 faculty members about the perceived effect of certain mental health problems on academic performance, the amount of flexibility extended on each problem, and the likelihood for referral for counseling. Ss completed a questionnaire that consisted of 3 questions about 15 presenting problems (issues of self-concept and identity; anxiety; stress; death of a parent; substance abuse; family problem; boyfriend/girlfriend; learning disability; rape or sexual assault; eating disorder; divorce of parents; gay, lesbian, or bisexuality concerns; text anxiety; depression; and suicidal ideation). The majority of faculty members perceived mental health issues as having an impact on academic functioning. 14 of the presenting problems were rated as having a significant effect by more than 50% of the Ss. However, they were not as likely to consider extending flexibility for all of the high-rated problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: mental health problems; academic performance; professor flexibility; College Academic Achievement; College Students; College Teachers; Distress; Mental Health

Homosexuality - Friedman, Richard C.; Downey, Jennifer I. (The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994)
Reviews studies on homosexuality not only for medical and historical reasons, but also because of the central role of this sexual orientation in the adaptive psychological functioning of countless people. Homophobia, AIDS, and psychopathologic issues (internalized homophobia, suicide and gay youth, and alcoholism and substance abuse) are examined. Topics such as normal development in homosexuals, change in sexual orientation, and psychobiologic aspects (e.g., genetics) are also covered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homosexuality; research review; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Phobic Disorders; Sexual Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; Homosexuality; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality

Psychoanalytic treatment of an asymptomatic HIV-positive gay man - Leli, Ubaldo (Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 2001)
This paper describes the psychoanalytic treatment of an asymptomatic HIV-positive gay man. At the time of this writing, the analysis is in its fifth year, and termination themes are apparent and central to the analysis, although a termination date has not yet been set. It is noted that this patient presented a formidable challenge to psychoanalytic treatment, independently of his serological status; the patient's history of alcoholism, suicide attempts, depression requiring pharmacological maintenance, and his general proclivity to acting out, coupled with the restricted nature of his object relations, made the decision of whether to treat him with psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy a very difficult one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychoanalytic treatment; asymptomatic HIV-positive gay man; HIV; Male Homosexuality; Psychoanalysis; Symptoms

National Lesbian Health Care Survey: Implications for mental health care - Bradford, Judith; Ryan, Caitlin; Rothblum, Esther D. (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1994)
Presents demographic, lifestyle, and mental health information about 1,925 lesbians from all 50 states who participated as respondents in the National Lesbian Health Care Survey (1984–1985), the most comprehensive study on US lesbians to date. Over half the sample had had thoughts about suicide at some time, and 18% had attempted suicide. 37% had been physically abused as a child or adult, 32% had been raped or sexually attacked, and 19% had been involved in incestuous relationships while growing up. Almost one third used tobacco on a daily basis, and about 30% drank alcohol more than once a week, 6% daily. About three fourths had received counseling at some time, and half had done so for reasons of sadness and depression. Lesbians in the survey also were socially connected and had a variety of social supports, mostly within the lesbian community. However, few had come out to all family members and coworkers. Level of openness about lesbianism was associated with less fear of exposure and with more choices about mental health counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: demographic characteristics & lifestyle & mental health issues; lesbian 17–80 yr olds; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Counseling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Incidence; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Social Identification; Social Support; United States; Demographic Characteristics; Lesbianism; Lifestyle; Mental Health

Childhood sexual abuse and sexual transmission risk behaviour among HIV-positive men who have sex with men - O'Leary, Ann; Purcell, D.; Remien, R. H.; Gomez, C. (AIDS Care, 2003)
Previous studies have indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual risk behavior among women and among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, no studies to date have tested the hypothesis that a history of CSA predicts sexual behavior carrying risk of transmission of HIV to others, i.e. in a known HIV-positive cohort. This study tested this hypothesis in 456 HIV-positive MSM recruited in New York and San Francisco. CSA history was found to be significantly associated with past unprotected anal sex acts, both insertive and receptive, with partners of HIV-negative or unknown serostatus. Further, several potential mediators of this effect were tested, and three found to be predicted by CSA history. Each of these potential mediators was associated with sexual risk behavior, but differentially: anxiety and hostility were significantly associated with insertive acts, while anxiety, hostility and suicidality were associated with receptive acts. Mediation analyses supported the hypothesis that these factors significantly (albeit partially) accounted for the association of CSA with receptive anal intercourse. Nonsignificant mediation effects were found for insertive sex, suggesting the operation of unmeasured mediating variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: childhood sexual abuse; adult sexual risk behavior; sexual history; unprotected anal sex; sexual transmission; HIV-positive men; anal intercourse; risk of HIV transmission; Adult; Anxiety; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Depression; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality, Male; Hostility; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Safe Sex; Child Abuse; HIV; Male Homosexuality; Sexual Abuse; Sexual Risk Taking; AIDS Prevention; Disease Transmission; Human Males

Sexual attitudes and associated psychiatric features among youths in a community sample - Feldman, Michael J.; Bird, Hector R.; Hoven, Christina; Moore, Robert E.; Bin, Fan (Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2000)
Examined associations between the acceptability of potential sex partners and psychiatric status. 161 Ss aged 14–17 were grouped according to their responses about the acceptability of youths their age having sex with partners of (1) the opposite sex, (2) neither sex, and (3) either sex. Youths endorsing either sex were compared with youths endorsing the other 2 types of partners according to psychiatric indicators obtained from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3. Higher-than-expected proportions of male and female youths endorsed sex partners of either sex as potentially acceptable for peers. Youths who did so abused substances and used mental health services more than peers but did not differ in rates of suicidal ideation or attempts. Males endorsing either sex also had higher rates of mood disorders and, compared with males endorsing only the opposite sex, a higher intelligence level. Attitudes about the potential acceptability of sex partners for peers are associated with psychiatric morbidity and mental health service use in the respondent as well as with intelligence level in males. Youths who endorsed potential sex partners of either sex, especially males, appear to be at higher risk for multiple psychiatric problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: type of sex partner endorsed as potentially acceptable for peers & presence of psychiatric disorders & symptoms & suicidality; male vs female 14–17 yr olds; Adolescent; Age Factors; Attitude; Female; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Mental Disorders; Peer Group; Psychology, Adolescent; Sampling Studies; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Suicide; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Mental Disorders; Peers; Psychiatric Symptoms; Sexual Attitudes; Suicidal Ideation; Adolescent Attitudes; Human Sex Differences; Psychosexual Behavior; Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation and youth suicide - Remafedi, Gary (JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 1999)
Discusses the US government report of the Secretary's Task Force on Youth Suicide by P. Gibson that appeared in 1989. Gibson projected that gay youths are 2 to 3 times more likely to attempt suicide than other young people. They may comprise up to 30% of completed youth suicides annually. A unifying explanation for the prevalence of suicidality among homosexual youth remain to be determined, as does the extent to which attempts end in deaths. This author contends that longitudinal studies are needed to examine the evolving risk of suicide across the lifespan of homosexual persons. He suggests that future population-based surveys should routinely inquire about sexual orientation to retest prior findings in diverse settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: risk factors of suicide; gay & lesbian youths who committed or attempted suicide; Adolescent; Bisexuality; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Suicide; United States; At Risk Populations; Attempted Suicide; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality; Suicide

Special suicide and suicide prevention section of the Journal of American College Health - Vaughn, John A. (Journal of American College Health, 2012)
This editorial focuses on the suicide prevention cases on the college campuses of American universities. The issue highlights that suicide can affect all of our students, regardless of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or health status. The field of college health, in its unique position at the crossroads of education and health care, is perfectly situated to be at the forefront of suicide prevention research. Many dedicated and talented researchers in college health have embraced the challenge of preventing suicide on campus and are making significant progress toward that elusive goal. It is hoped that this issue will stimulate further research into this vital area of inquiry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide prevention; college campuses; ethnicity; sexual orientation; health status; Adolescent; Financing, Government; Humans; Mental Health Services; Student Health Services; Students; Suicide; United States; Universities; Young Adult; Campuses; Colleges; Health; Suicide Prevention; Ethnic Identity; Sexual Orientation

Suicidality in AIDS long-term survivors: What is the evidence? - Rabkin, Judith G.; Remien, R.; Katoff, L.; Williams, J. B. (AIDS Care, 1993)
Investigated suicidal ideation and attempts, thoughts about living and dying, and the maintenance, diminution, and loss of hope among 53 gay men who had had an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection at least 3 yrs prior to study entry. Low rates of current syndromal mood disorders (6%) or psychiatric distress were found. While thoughts about death and wishes to die were reported by a significant portion of Ss, they were context-specific, occurring almost exclusively during serious illness, often accompanied by severe pain or at times of bereavement. Only 2 Ss had made a suicide attempt after being diagnosed with AIDS, and both had a history of prior suicide attempts. While anger was a prominent affect, hopelessness was not. Overall, there was a high level of positive psychological health independent of HIV illness stage or degree of illness-induced physical limitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicidal ideation & attempts & thoughts of living & dying & maintenance & diminution & loss of hope; gay male long term AIDS survivors; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Attitude to Death; Crisis Intervention; Depressive Disorder; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; New York City; Personality Assessment; Risk Factors; Sick Role; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; AIDS; Death and Dying; Hope; Suicidal Ideation; Survivors; Life Expectancy

Suicidal behaviour in HIV infection: A case-control study of deliberate self-harm in people with HIV infection - Catalan, Jose; Seijas, Daniel; Lief, Talia; Pergami, Andrea; Burgess, Adrian (Archives of Suicide Research, 1995)
Studied demographic and psychosocial characteristics in 22 Ss with HIV infection who had made acts of self-harm as compared with a sex and age-matched control group without known HIV infection who had also been involved in acts of deliberate self-harm (DSH). Compared with all DSH individuals referred to the deliberate self-harm service, men were over-represented among HIV Ss. Compared with controls, HIV Ss were more likely to include gay bisexual men, and not be employed. Ss with HIV infection were more likely to be in outpatient psychiatric care at the time of DSH, and to have received it in the past. A diagnosis of depression was given more frequently to HIV Ss, while alcohol misuse was more often diagnosed in controls. Concerns about their physical health were prominent among HIV seropositives. Psychiatric follow-up was offered to HIV Ss more often than to controls. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychiatric & demographic & psychosocial factors; suicidal HIV seropositive vs seronegative adults committing deliberate self-harm; England; Attempted Suicide; Demographic Characteristics; HIV; Psychosocial Factors; Self-Destructive Behavior

The War for Children - Feldman, Sandra (Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 2005)
Teachers and psychologists know very well the special perils boys face on the way to adulthood. When the deprivations of poverty, the easy availability of firearms and drugs on our streets, the anonymity of mass society, and the so-called toxic effects of popular culture are taken into account, the 'War for Boys'--as some have termed it--may be seen more accurately as one front in a larger 'War for Children' that parents, professionals, and concerned policymakers and citizens are called upon to wage each and every day. All children deserve to be treated as individuals, not labels. All children are entitled to grow up in secure, protected, and nurturing surroundings. Our challenge as professionals and caring adults is to prevent episodes of violence and suicide, to reduce school drop-out rates, misdiagnosis, and overreliance on psychotropic medications, and to eliminate entirely discrimination among all children irrespective of social class, ethnicity, race, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender. Increasingly, teachers and school professionals, and even psychologists, are looking to their unions for advocacy on behalf of students. This article discusses the activities of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) in waging this War for Children, the roles of psychologists and educators in the War for Children, and policy issues surrounding the War for Children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: children; psychologists; educators; American Federation of Teachers; schools; policy; society; Child Welfare; Policy Making; Psychologists; Social Issues; Teachers; Labor Unions; School Environment; Society

Homophobia and the production of shame: Young people and same sex attraction - Hillier, Lynne; Harrison, Lyn (Culture, Health & Sexuality, 2004)
Research among same-sex attracted young people in Western cultures has described a minority group of adolescents whose sexuality is negated by the significant institutions and people in their lives. Very often, there is a silence in the family and at school about same-sex sexuality and when a young person's homosexuality is suspected or disclosed s/he suffers from denial, discrimination and abuse. Not surprisingly, living in hostile environments leaves such young people at high-risk of drug abuse, depression and suicide. This paper describes some of the ways young people resist being positioned in these negative ways. Using autobiographical stories from 200 same-sex attracted young Australians, we document the discursive field of sexuality in which these young people struggle to construct positive identities. Young people were well aware of dominant discourses which characterized homosexuality as 'evil, diseased and unnatural'. Yet they use different strategies to fault, deflect and discount these negative understandings and to highlight other discourse which positions them positively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homophobia; young people; same sex attraction; sexuality; homosexuality; Adolescent Attitudes; Homosexuality; Homosexuality (Attitudes Toward)

Violence against lesbian and gay male youths - Hunter, Joyce (Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1990)
Reviewed charts for the first 500 youths seeking services in 1988 at an agency serving lesbian and gay male adolescents. Ss (aged 14–21 yrs) were predominantly minority (35% Black, 46% Latino); approximately 80% were males, and 20% were females. 41% reported having suffered violence from families, peers, or strangers; 46% of that violence was gay-related. These reports of violence occurred in conjunction with a high rate of suicide attempts: 41% of females and 34% of males who experienced violent assaults reported having attempted suicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: violent assault victimization; lesbian & gay 14–21 yr olds; Attack Behavior; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality; Victimization; Violence

Depression and Suicide Attempt as Risk Factors for Incident Unprovoked Seizures - Hesdorffer, Dale C.; Hauser, W. Allen; Olafsson, Elias; Ludvigsson, Petur; Kjartansson, Olafur (Annals of Neurology, 2006)
Major depression has been shown to increase the risk for development of epilepsy, but prior studies have not evaluated whether this is due to specific symptoms of depression. We conducted a population-based case-control study of all newly diagnosed unprovoked seizures among Icelandic children and adults aged 10 years and older to test the hypothesis that major depression is a risk factor for developing unprovoked seizure and epilepsy, and to address whether specific symptoms of depression account for this increased risk. Cases were matched to the next two same sex births from the population registry. Using standardized interviews, we ascertained symptoms of major depression to make a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis. A history of major depression was 1.7-fold more common among cases than among controls (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.7). A history of attempted suicide was 5.1-fold more common among cases than among controls (95% confidence interval, 2.2-11.5). Attempted suicide increased seizure risk even after adjusting for age, sex, cumulative alcohol intake, and major depression or number of symptoms of depression. Major depression and attempted suicide independently increase the risk for unprovoked seizure. These data suggest that depression and suicide attempt may be due to different underlying neurochemical pathways, each of which is important in the development of epilepsy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: major depression; suicide attempt; risk factors; incident unprovoked seizures; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Depression; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Iceland; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Seizures; Suicide, Attempted; Attempted Suicide; Major Depression; Risk Factors; Seizures

Self harm and suicide risk for same-sex attracted young people: A family perspective - Brown, Rhonda; Martin, Graham (AeJAMH (Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health), 2002)
This paper presents an overview of the risks of self-harm and suicide and in particular the importance of family in mental health outcomes for same-sex attracted young people (SSAY). Young people who are same-sex attracted (SSA) experience victimisation, harassment and abuse because of their sexual identity. Those who are open about their sexuality frequently experience abuse and rejection by family and friends. Consequently they do not feel safe about 'coming-out' instead prefer to keep their feelings hidden. This silence can lead to self-harming behaviours including substance abuse, indiscriminate and unsafe sexual practices, running away and even suicide. Community ignorance, prejudice and discrimination are key contributing factors to the ongoing invisibility and isolation of SSAY. Families also struggle with prejudice and discrimination and are not always equipped to support a young person questioning their sexuality. Aware and sensitive mental health workers can assist families gain confidence in dealing with the news that a young person is same-sex attracted. Implications for mental health practitioners and a model for affirmative and sensitive practice are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: self harm; suicide risk; same sex attraction; family; mental health; sexual identity; Adolescent Psychiatry; At Risk Populations; Homosexuality; Self-Destructive Behavior; Suicide; Family; Gender Identity; Mental Health; Risk Factors; Sexual Attraction

Homelessness and drug abuse among young men who have sex with men in New York city: A preliminary epidemiological trajectory - Clatts, Michael C.; Goldsamt, Lloyd; Yi, Huso; Gwadz, Marya Viorst (Journal of Adolescence, 2005)
The objective of this paper is to profile the role of homelessness in drug and sexual risk in a population of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Data are from a cross-sectional survey collected between 2000 and 2001 in New York City (N = 569). With the goal of examining the import of homelessness in increased risk for the onset of drug and sexual risk, we compare and contrast three subgroups: (1) YMSM with no history of homelessness, (2) YMSM with a past history of homelessness but who were not homeless at the time of the interview, and (3) YMSM who were currently homeless. For each group, we describe the prevalence of a broad range of stressful life events (including foster care and runaway episodes, involvement in the criminal justice system, etc.), as well as selected mental health problems (including past suicide attempts, current depression, and selected help-seeking variables). Additionally, we examine the prevalence of selected drug and sexual risk, including exposure to a broad range of illegal substances, current use of illegal drugs, and prevalence of lifetime exposure to sex work. Finally, we use an event history analysis approach (time-event displays and paired t-test analysis) to examine the timing of negative life experiences and homelessness relative to the onset of drug and sexual risk. High levels of background negative life experiences and manifest mental health distress are seen in all three groups. Both a prior experience of homelessness and currently being homeless are both strongly associated with both higher levels of lifetime exposure to drug and sexual risk as well as higher levels of current drug and sexual risk. Onset of these risks occur earlier in both groups that have had an experience of housing instability (e.g., runaway, foster care, etc.) but are delayed or not present among YMSM with no history of housing instability. Few YMSM had used drugs prior to becoming homeless. While causal inferences are subject to the limitations of a cross-sectional design, the findings pose an empirical challenge to the prevailing assumption that prior drug use is a dominant causal factor in YMSM becoming homeless. More broadly, the data illustrate the complexity of factors that must be accounted for, both in advancing our epidemiological understanding of the complexity of homelessness and its relationship to the onset of drug and sexual risk among high risk youth populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homelessness; drug abuse; sexual risk taking; epidemiological perspective; homosexuality; Adolescent; Adult; Epidemiologic Studies; Homeless Persons; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; New York City; Risk-Taking; Street Drugs; Substance-Related Disorders; At Risk Populations; Drug Abuse; Epidemiology; Homeless; Sexual Risk Taking; Homosexuality; Urban Environments

It's not red versus blue - Waugh, Mark H. (PsycCRITIQUES, 2006)
Reviews the book, Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis by Jimmy Carter (see record [rid]2006-00835-000[/rid]). The reviewer notes that Carter emphasizes that American values are consistent with the words and example of Jesus Christ. Not shy or coy about his faith, Carter enunciates how his faith has guided his life, and he argues that affirmative religious values are inherent in the American spirit. Acknowledging the diversity of specific opinions among citizens, he nonetheless suggests Americans are more alike than different, even in regard to key hot-button political issues, such as abortion, gun control, gay rights, human rights, civil liberties, and environmental issues. He cites polling examples supporting his opinion that most Americans share similar and very humane values when political rhetoric and image manipulation are shed from the question. Carter decries the rise of divisive politics, citing both the Democratic and the Republican parties, which divide and polarize people. He laments the categories 'red' versus 'blue' because, in his opinion, this dichotomous way of thinking obscures our common values and subverts our task as citizens and, in line with his religious conviction, as loving human beings. The reviewer also notes that some readers will differ with Carter's specific political and personal opinions. Also, some will wish the book provided footnotes for data and figures. Additionally, experts in relevant specialties, such as the social psychology of authoritarianism, can quibble with the lack of specificity or fine-tuned caveats. Also, research in behavioral genetics reveals that major personality and attitude dimensions have a heritable component (Bouchard & McGue, 2003), and political conservatism is genetically transmitted in part. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: values; America; moral crisis; political issues; environmental issues; American citizens; Human Rights; Morality; Political Attitudes; Values; Citizenship; Crises; Environmental Attitudes; Politicians

Reproductive status, family interactions, and suicidal ideation: Surveys of the general public and high-risk groups - de Catanzaro, Denys (Ethology & Sociobiology, 1995)
Evolutionary modeling predicts an erosion of self-preservative genetic expression in the conjunction of low reproductive potential and burdensomeness toward kin. Although culture and pathology clearly bear on human suicide, some of its emotional concomitants could reflect such evolution. A survey probing reproductive behavior, quality of family contacts, and suicidal ideation was completed by 522 members of the general public in Ontario and by members of 5 high-suicide-risk groups: 70 elderly, 52 psychiatric, 64 male criminal psychiatric, and 61 male and 27 female exclusive homosexual individuals. Within each sample, variance in suicidal ideation related to reproductive and family-social variables. Social isolation and perceived burdensomeness toward family were especially correlated with suicidal ideation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: evolutionary modeling & suicidal ideation & reproductive status & family interaction; 18–51 yr olds & older vs members of high suicide risk groups; Canada; At Risk Populations; Family Relations; Fertility; Natural Selection; Suicidal Ideation; Homosexuality; Mentally Ill Offenders; Psychiatric Patients

Adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence: Random school shootings, 1982-2001 - Kimmel, Michael S.; Mahler, Matthew (American Behavioral Scientist, 2003)
Since 1982, there have been 28 cases of random school shootings in American high schools and middle schools. The authors find (a) that the shootings were not a national problem but a series of local problems that occurred in 'red states' or counties (places that voted Republican in the 2000 election); (b) that most of the boys who opened fire were mercilessly and routinely teased and bullied and that their violence was retaliatory against the threats to manhood; (c) that White boys in particular might be more likely than African American boys to randomly open fire; and (d) that the specific content of the teasing and bullying is homophobia. A link between adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence is proposed. Finally, the authors offer a few possible explanations as to how most boys who are teased and bullied achieve the psychological resilience that enables them to weather adolescence without recourse to random school violence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: adolescent masculinity; homophobia; violence; school shootings; White boys; African American boys; teasing; bullying; American schools; Adolescent Attitudes; Homosexuality (Attitudes Toward); Masculinity; School Violence; Bullying; Blacks; Schools; Teasing; Whites

HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of transgender persons: Implications for public health intervention - Clements-Nolle, Kristen; Marx, Rani; Guzman, Robert; Katz, Mitchell (American Journal of Public Health, 2001)
Examined HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of male-to-female and female-to-male transgender persons and determined factors associated with HIV. 392 male-to-female and 123 female-to-male transgender persons (aged 18–40+ yrs) were interviewed and tested for HIV. Results show that HIV prevalence among male-to-female transgender persons was 35%. Among female-to-male transgender persons, HlV prevalence and risk behaviors were much lower. Most male-to-female and female-to-male transgender persons had seen a medical provider in the past 6 mo. 62% of the male-to-female and 55% of the female to-male transgender persons were depressed; 32% of each population had attempted suicide. The implications for public health intervention are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: HIV prevalence; HIV risk behaviors; health care use; mental health status; transgendered persons; public health; Adolescent; Adult; Educational Status; Female; HIV Infections; Health Services; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Safe Sex; Sampling Studies; San Francisco; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Transsexualism; Health Care Utilization; HIV; Mental Health; Risk Taking; Transsexualism; Epidemiology; Public Health; Sexual Risk Taking

National Lesbian Health Care Survey: Implications for mental health care - Bradford, Judith; Ryan, Caitlin; Rothblum, Esther D. (Journal of Lesbian Studies, 1997)
(This reprinted article originally appeared in Journal of consulting & Clinical Psychology, 1994, Vol 62[2], 228–242). The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]1994-33304-001[/rid].)Presents demographic, lifestyle, and mental health information about 1,925 lesbians from all 50 states who participated as respondents in the National Lesbian Health Care Survey (1984–1985). Over half the sample had had thoughts about suicide at some time, and 18% had attempted suicide. 37% had been physically abused as a child or adult, 32% had been raped or sexually attacked, and 19% had been involved in incestuous relationships while growing up. Almost one third used tobacco on a daily basis, and about 30% drank alcohol more than once a week, 6% daily. About three fourths had received counseling at some time, and half had done so for reasons of sadness and depression. Lesbians in the survey also were socially connected and had a variety of social supports, mostly within the lesbian community. However, few had come out to all family members and coworkers. Level of openness about lesbianism was associated with less fear of exposure and with more choices about mental health counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: demographic characteristics & lifestyle & mental health issues; lesbian 17–80 yr olds; Demographic Characteristics; Lesbianism; Lifestyle; Mental Health

Determining Erciyes University students' knowledge about and attitudes toward sexuality - Özkan, Tülay; Başer, Mürüvvet; Gün, Iskender (Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 2008)
This descriptive study was conducted in order to determine the behaviors and knowledge of Erciyes University students in terms of sexuality. A total of 1,500 final year students from Erciyes University comprised the study group. The data were collected via a questionnaire designed by the researchers. The Chi-square test and student t test were used for statistical analysis. The findings of the study showed 10.9% of the female students and 51.7% of the male students had had a sexual intercourse experience. The average age of the first sexual intercourse experience of the students was 18.2 ± 2.1 years. It was observed that 44.7% of the female students and 36% of the male students were definitely opposed to sexual intercourse before marriage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Erciyes University students; knowledge; attitudes; sexual behaviors; sexuality; Knowledge Level; Psychosexual Behavior; Sexual Attitudes; Sexuality; Student Attitudes; College Students

Abstracts from Other Journals (British Journal of Psychotherapy, 2005)
Presents a collection of 19 abstracts from other journals. Papers deal with identity and narcissism, boarding school and the trauma of the 'privileged' child, an adolescent's imaginary companions, prediction of suicidal ideation and hopelessness in depressed older adults, 'bad' objects and evil, sexuality, lesbian sexuality, borderline personality and eating disorders, attachment-based treatment, homelessness and containment, emotion and neuroscience, multi-impulsive bulimia, psychoanalytic couple therapy, becoming a psychoanalyst, female passion and maternal transference, psychoanalysts and professional identity, incorporation of an invasive object, and making conscious the unconscious. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychotherapy; psychotherapy patients; Clients; Psychotherapeutic Processes; Psychotherapy

Cultural Capital and High School Bullies: How Social Inequality Impacts School Violence - Klein, Jessie (Men and Masculinities, 2006)
This analysis of male peer hierarchies in schools argues that battles for cultural capital are a significant causal factor in the spate of school shootings across the United States between 1996 and 2002. The hallmarks of normalized masculinity--hypermasculine identification, athletics, fighting, distance from homosexuality, dominant relationships with girls, socioeconomic status, and disdain for academics--do not include alternative ways to build cultural capital when young men do not fit into rigid traditional social structures. Lacking such cultural capital, the perpetrators attempted to prove their masculinity through overwhelming violence--responses that in Michel Foucault's theoretical framework, reinforced the very power structures they seemed to want to destroy. The analysis concludes with positive directions for change including pedagogical strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: school shootings; violence; cultural capital; male peer hierarchies; masculinity; traditional social structures; power structures; Masculinity; School Violence; Social Capital; Social Equality; Bullying; Dominance Hierarchy; Empowerment; Peer Relations; School Environment; Theories

Neurochemical variables in subjects with adjustment disorder after suicide attempts - Tripodianakis, J.; Markianos, M.; Sarantidis, D.; Leotsakou, C. (European Psychiatry, 2000)
Examined platelet MAO activity and urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA)—the main metabolites of noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine, neurotransmitters involved in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior—and plasma cortisol in Ss with adjustment disorder after a suicide attempt. 53 patients (aged 15–55 yrs) were compared to 50 healthy controls. Platelet MAO activity was significantly lower in both male and female patients compared to controls of the same sex (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). 5-HIAA and HVA were not different between patients and controls, but MHPG was significantly higher in the patient group (P = 0.008). Moreover, plasma levels of cortisol were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls (P < 0.001). Results confirm the hypothesis of low platelet MAO activity as a biological characteristic of patients who attempt suicide. They also point to a possible parallel activation of the noradrenergic system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: platelet MAO activity & urinary MHPG & 5-HIAA & HVA & plasma cortisol; 15–55 yr olds with adjustment disorder after suicide attempt; implications for neurochemical markers of suicide risk; Adjustment Disorders; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Platelets; Dopamine; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Middle Aged; Monoamine Oxidase; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Reference Values; Serotonin; Suicide, Attempted; Adjustment Disorders; Attempted Suicide; Biological Markers; Neurotransmitters; Homovanillic Acid; Hydrocortisone; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-); Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (3,4); Monoamine Oxidases

Breaking up romantic relationships: Costs experienced and coping strategies deployed - Perilloux, Carin; Buss, David M. (Evolutionary Psychology, 2008)
This study examined differences between men and women, and between individuals experiencing rejection (Rejectees) and individuals doing the rejecting (Rejectors) in romantic relationship break-ups. We tested fourteen evolution-based predictions about romantic breakups using data from 193 participants; ten received support. Women more than men, for example, experienced costly sequelae such as the loss of a mate's physical protection and harmful post-breakup stalking by the ex-partner. Both men and women who were rejected, compared with those who did the rejecting, experienced more depression, loss of self-esteem, and rumination. Rejectors, on the other hand, experienced the reputational cost of being perceived by others as cruel. Exploratory data analyses revealed that women more than men reported experiencing negative emotions after a breakup, particularly feeling sad, confused, and scared. Both sexes used an array of strategies to cope with the breakup, ranging from high base-rate strategies such as discussing the breakup with friends to low base-rate strategies such as threatening suicide. The largest sex difference in coping strategies centered on the act of shopping, used by women Rejectors as well as women Rejectees, likely a strategy of appearance enhancement prior to reentering the mating market. Discussion focuses on the adaptive significance of sex differences and individual differences based on rejection status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: break up; romantic relationships; coping strategies; individual differences; Human Sex Differences; Individual Differences; Relationship Termination; Romance; Sexual Partners

Depression does not influence basal ganglia-mediated psychomotor speed in HIV-1 infection - von Giesen, Hans-Jürgen; Bäcker, Rainer; Hefter, Harald; Arendt, Gabriele (The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2001)
The authors examined the effects of depressive mood (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [Ham-D) on basal ganglia-mediated psychomotor speed (motor test battery) in 202 HIV-1 seropositive homosexual males (mean age 36.2 yrs) with no prior history of antiretroviral treatment. HIV-1 seropositive patients showed a significant slowing of most rapid alternating movements (MRAM) and significantly prolonged contraction times (CT) compared with 66 HIV-1 seronegative male control subjects (mean age 34.8 yrs). Factor analysis of Ham-D scores isolated a factor containing the items depressed mood, suicide, and psychic and somatic anxiety. This factor did not correlate with MRAM or CT. Depression and psychomotor speed are independent in HIV-1 infection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: depressive mood; basal ganglia-mediated psychomotor speed; HIV-1 seropositive homosexual males (mean age 36.2 yrs); AIDS Dementia Complex; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Psychomotor Disorders; Reaction Time; Basal Ganglia; HIV; Major Depression; Male Homosexuality; Motor Performance

This land is your land - Mindell, David P. (Evolutionary Psychology, 2007)
Reviews the book, Evolution for everyone: How Darwin's theory can change the way we think about our lives by Wilson David Sloan (2007). This book takes up the challenge of explaining the origins of faith, along with many other distinctive features of the human experience. The book stems from a university course the author teaches of the same name, and is intended for a broad readership, including those with and without background in science. This book provides a useful introduction to the evolutionary underpinnings of a multitude of human values, emotions, and behaviors, including human faith, morality, cooperation, group-thinking, suicide, dancing, esthetics, homosexuality, writing, and laughter, among others. Wilson also aims to demonstrate how evolutionists think, and to make the basic scientific enterprise understandable and accessible, such that anyone, even 'amateurs,' can contribute. Wilson's enthusiasm can be infectious, and he effectively communicates some, though inevitably not all, aspects of scientific thinking on the subjects at hand. The review discusses the criticism of the book that the scientific method alone is not up to the task of delineating the origins of faith and religion. In doing so, the reviewer argues in favor of evolutionary studies of religiosity and the Woody Guthrie View of intellectual territories. The reviewer then considers Wilson's broad claim to demonstrate and teach 'how to think like' an evolutionary scientist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: evolution; human experience; scientific thinking; Darwin; faith; Darwinism; Experiences (Events); Religious Beliefs; Theory of Evolution; Sciences; Thinking

Male gender identity and sexual behavior - Chused, Judith Fingert (The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1999)
This article presents material from the analysis of 3 males, each of whom, in childhood and or adolescence, hid his penis between his legs and looked at himself in a mirror naked. The 1st patient is a young child with a gender identity disorder, whose wish to be like his mother was a response to the emotional loss of her during early childhood. The 2nd patient is an adolescent, whose behavior in front of a mirror was a manifestation of his desire to possess his mother and to be her, to humiliate and sadistically control her, and at the same time, to experience the masochistic sexual gratification of being a seemingly helpless victim. The 3rd patient, a 48 yr old male, came to analysis filled with suicidal impulses and self-hatred related to homosexual impulses. His repeated examination of himself in the mirror, with penis hidden, reflected severe castration anxiety, related to an ambivalent relationship with an angry mother and a longing for attention from an unfavorable father. Finally, a description of the similarities and differences in the dynamics of these 3 males, and behaviors of others like these men, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychoanalytic explanations of unconscious fantasies & sexual behavior; 5 & 16 & 48 yr old males with gender identity disorder; Fantasies (Thought Disturbances); Psychoanalysis; Psychosexual Behavior; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity

Lesbian Youth Support Information Service (LYSIS): Developing a distance support agency for young lesbians - Bridget, Jan; Lucille, Sandra (Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 1996)
Describes the LYSIS, established in 1991 as a result of research conducted into the needs and experiences of young lesbians. Data are presented on 20 young lesbians, which found that Ss were vulnerable to mental health problems, including depression, attempted suicide, self-harming behaviors and alcohol misuse, as well as isolation and social rejection. There were also strong indications that Ss were most vulnerable when they were coming to terms with their sexual orientation. LYSIS offers support to young lesbians in 4 main ways: correspondence counseling, telephone counseling, peer support, and information. LYSIS is part of an umbrella organization, the Lesbian Information Service, which provides indirect support for young lesbians including publishing, education and training, projects and campaigning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: development of Lesbian Youth Support Information Service; young lesbians; England; Community Mental Health Services; Lesbianism; Human Females

Sexual orientation and suicide: A comment on Renaud et al - Zhao, Yue; Montoro, Richard; Igartua, Karine; Thombs, Brett D. (The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2010)
Comments on an article by Renaud et al (see record [rid]2011-13261-003[/rid]), which examined same-sex orientation as a risk factor for adolescent suicide. The current author argues that a larger sample size is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the relationship between sexual orientation and suicide or other psychiatric disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual orientation; gender identity; suicide victims; Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Suicide; Gender Identity; Sexual Orientation; Suicide

Youth homelessness and social stigma - Kidd, Sean A. (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2007)
Building upon previous exploratory qualitative research (Kidd SA (2003) Child Adol Social Work J 20(4):235-261), this paper examines the mental health implications of social stigma as it is experienced by homeless youth. Surveys conducted with 208 youths on the streets and in agencies in New York City and Toronto revealed significant associations between perceived stigma due to homeless status and sexual orientation, pan handling and sex trade involvement, and amount of time homeless. Higher perceived stigma was also related to low self esteem, loneliness, feeling trapped, and suicidal ideation, with guilt/self-blame due to homeless status having the strongest impact on mental health variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homelessness; social stigma; self esteem; mental health; Homeless; Mental Health; Self-Esteem; Stigma; Loneliness

Suicidal ideation, bereavement, HIV serostatus and psychosocial variables in partners of men with AIDS - Rosengard, Cynthia; Folkman, S. (AIDS Care, 1997)
This prospective 2-yr study examined the relationship between suicidal ideation, bereavement, and psychosocial variables (caregiving burdens, social support, coping, and optimism) in 86 HIV-positive and 167 HIV-negative caregiving partners of men with AIDS. Bereavement was related to suicidal ideation, but HIV serostatus was not. High suicidal ideators were characterized by feeling burdened by caregiving, perceiving low levels of social support and subjective social integration, and the use of behavioral escape-avoidance coping. Those who reported never having suicidal ideation were characterized by higher levels of optimism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicidal ideation & bereavement & psychosocial variables; HIV positive vs negative male caregivers of partners with AIDS; 2 yr prospective study; Adaptation, Psychological; Bereavement; Caregivers; HIV Infections; HIV Seronegativity; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Prospective Studies; Social Support; Suicide; Caregivers; Grief; HIV; Psychosocial Factors; Suicidal Ideation; AIDS; Human Males; Prospective Studies

Review of The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, 5th edition - Rabinowitz, Terry (Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 2009)
Reviews the book, The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, 5th edition edited by Robert E. Hales (see record [rid]2008-05226-000[/rid]). This book is intended for use by practicing psychiatrists and advanced psychiatry residents, as well as physicians in other specialties, such as family medicine, internal medicine, and neurology. This fifth edition includes 66 new contributions from a total of 104 contributors. It comprises 44 chapters, divided into six parts: Interviewing and Testing, Basic Science and Development, Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Treatments, Special Patient Populations, and Important Clinical Issues. Part I, with a collection of useful tables that recommend diagnostic work-ups for the patient with new-onset psychosis; new-onset depressive or manic symptoms; new-onset anxiety symptoms; altered mental status; and cognitive decline. Part II contains an impressive chapter, Neuroanatomy for the Psychiatrist that the authors modestly proffer as a 'visual refresher'. Part III, Psychiatric Disorders, is arranged, more or less, per the taxonomy of the DSM-IV-TR, comprising 18 chapters. Part IV, Psychiatric Treatments, includes chapters on psychopharmacology, nonpharmacological somatic treatments, and various forms of psychotherapy. Part V, Special Patient Populations, includes chapters on children and adolescents; seniors; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients; and women. Part VI, Important Clinical Issues, deals with cultural issues, psychiatry and the law, ethics, suicide, and dangerousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychiatry; family medicine; neurology; textbook; psychiatric disorders; Family Medicine; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry; Textbooks

Review of Alberto Giacometti: Myth, Magic, and the Man - Collins, Bradley (The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 2006)
Reviews the book, Alberto Giacometti: Myth, Magic, and the Man by Laurie Wilson (2003). Although not as sensationally troubled as the homicidal Caravaggio or the suicidal van Gogh, the Swiss sculptor Alberto Giacometti possessed an impressive array of psychopathologies. Impotent, obsessive-compulsive and a frequenter of prostitutes, Giacometti spent most of his life in a tiny, masochistically Spartan studio where he devoted as much time to destroying as creating his famous art works. Nor were his pathologies limited to his behavior. His sculpture, especially during his surrealist period, displayed a marked preoccupation with such perverse themes as androgyny, sadism, and castration. Combine this with Giacometti's hard-won artistic accomplishments, the glittering milieu of bohemian Paris, and the sculptor's apparent intimacy with every French cultural luminary from Picasso and Balthus to Sartre and Lacan, and one has all the ingredients for a lively, psychoanalytically informed biography. Laurie Wilson, not only delivers on the promise held out by her fascinating and enigmatic subject, but also raises the interdisciplinary approach to a new level. As an art historian and a practicing psychoanalyst, she brings an unusual authority to her task. Too often in this sort of book, the reader confronts either an analyst who cannot see the art for the symptoms or an art historian who deploys a fashionable theory with no grounding in personal or clinical experience. Wilson, by contrast, possesses the rare ability to bring together close examination of artistic particulars with wide-ranging interpretations. With its superb scholarship, psychoanalytic acuity, and inherent drama, this book should take a central place among the new studies that scrutinize the limitless intersections of life and art. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Alberto Giacometti; psychopathologies; sculptors psychoanalytic interpretation; Artists; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Sculpturing

Suffering and the dialectical self in Buddhism and relational psychoanalysis - Christensen, Laurence W. (The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1999)
This paper suggests that suffering and self are interrelated and that they interact in perpetuating mental pain. From a Buddhist perspective, not understanding or experiencing the self clearly or correctly leads to suffering. In both Buddhism and relational psychoanalysis the self can be seen as dialectical, for instance, it has both subjective ('I') and objective ('me') components that constantly and inseparably interpenetrate with each other. Difficulties in living occur when this dialectic is ignored or out of balance. That is, suffering occurs when the interpenetration between the objective me-self system and the subjective I-self is obstructed. The author delineates the Buddhist contribution to the understanding of the self by proposing that 3 main features or marks (laksanas) define the dialectical self: (1) the self is both process and structure, (2) it is associated with both suffering and liberation, and (3) it is interdependent with others and at the same time separate. These dialectical poles are related to current trends in the relational psychoanalytic perspective. A model incorporating Buddhist and relational analytic ideas in clinical work with the self, and an illustrative case study with a gay male in his late 20s with suicidal depression, are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suffering & dialectical self in Buddhism & relational psychoanalysis; gay male with suicidal depression; Adult; Buddhism; Depressive Disorder; Ego; Humans; Male; Pain; Psychoanalysis; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Buddhism; Psychoanalysis; Psychoanalytic Theory; Self-Concept; Suffering; Major Depression; Male Homosexuality; Suicidal Ideation

Predictors of Suicide in the Old Elderly - Waern, Margda; Rubenowitz, Eva; Wilhelmson, Katarina (Gerontology, 2003)
The purpose of the article was to determine predictors for suicide among the old elderly (75+). Data concerning the young elderly (65-74 years) are shown for comparison. Methods include 85 consecutive cases of suicide that occurred in western Sweden and 153 control persons with the same sex, birth year, and zip code as the suicide cases were randomly selected from the tax register. The old elderly group included 38 cases and 71 controls; the young elderly group included 47 cases and 82 controls. Data concerning the suicide cases were collected through interviews with close informants; controls were interviewed in person. The interview included questions on past-year life events and mental and physical health. Medical records were reviewed for cases and controls. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale - Geriatrics was used to rate illness burden. Results show that family conflict, serious physical illness, loneliness, and both major and minor depressions were associated with suicide in the 75+ group. Economic problems predicted suicide in the younger but not in the older elderly. Conclusions were that better recognition and treatment of both major and minor depression should constitute an important target for the prevention of suicide in the old elderly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: elderly group; suicide cases; suicide predictors; life events; mental health; physical health; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Female; Health Status; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Mental Disorders; Odds Ratio; Predictive Value of Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Social Support; Suicide; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweden; Age Differences; Attempted Suicide; Mental Health; Suicide Prevention; Life Experiences; Suicide

The gay adolescent: Stressors, adaptations, and psychosocial interventions - Radkowsky, Michael; Siegel, Lawrence J. (Clinical Psychology Review, 1997)
Examines literature and research studies on the effects of social stigmatization which may hinder gay adolescents' ability to achieve a sense of identity and self-esteem, and peer and familial relationships. Due to these factors, gay adolescents are susceptible to loneliness, isolation, depression, AIDS, and suicide. The authors suggest intervention strategies for clinicians working with gay youth including examining one's own biases about homosexuality, validation of affectional and erotic feelings to normalize their adolescence, providing education, and providing clients and their families with peer groups of other gay youth and parents of gay youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: social stigmatization & psychological variables & self destructive behavior; literature review on gay adolescents; implications for clinicians; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Family; Gender Identity; Homosexuality; Humans; Peer Group; Psychology, Adolescent; Self-Injurious Behavior; Social Support; Substance-Related Disorders; Emotional Development; Homosexuality; Identity Crisis; Literature Review; Stigma; Counseling; Parent Child Relations; Peer Relations; Psychosocial Development; Psychotherapeutic Processes; Self-Concept; Social Support

Efavirenz-induced psychosis leading to involuntary detention - Poulsen, Henrik Day; Lublin, Henrik K. F. (AIDS, 2003)
Presents a case report of a patient who developed psychosis following the treatment with efavirenz. Several drugs for treating somatic disorders may cause psychosis. Suspicion of drug-induced mental illness should be raised in psychotic patients who do not have any history of mental disorder. HIV infection and AIDS can also be associated with mental illness. Such cases have been related to HIV-related encephalopathia. Efavirenz is a relatively newly introduced non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and so far only a few cases of psychosis have been described in connection with this drug. A 40-year-old male homosexual nurse who was treated with the 600 mg dosage of efavirenz was referred to the psychiatric clinic because of suicidal thoughts, and after having cut his wrist superficially with a knife. This case shows an example of an acute, severe psychosis presenting with paranoid delusions, suicidal thoughts, depressed mood, auditory hallucinations, and schizophrenia-like first-rank symptoms of thought insertion. The patient's psychosis was so severe that he was involuntarily detained. There was a clear association with the efavirenz treatment and the development of psychosis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: mental illness; HIV infection; schizophrenia psychosis; psychosis; efavirenz; mental disorder; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Commitment of Mentally Ill; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Oxazines; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Drug Therapy; HIV; Psychosis; Paranoia (Psychosis); Schizophrenia

Domestic violence and sexual abuse in women physicians: Associated medical, psychiatric, and professional difficulties - Doyle, Joyce P.; Frank, Erica; Saltzman, Linda E.; McMahon, Pamela M.; Fielding, Brooke D. (Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 1999)
Examined the reported lifetime prevalence of domestic violence (DV) and sexual abuse (SA) among women physicians and the personal characteristics, health-related factors, and work-related factors associated with these forms of abuse. Data on 4,501 Ss from the Women Physicians' Health Study were used. The authors compared the characteristics of women physicians with and without histories of DV or SA. The logistic models indicate that women physicians reporting DV histories (3.7% of the population) were significantly less likely to be single and significantly more likely to report depression histories, suicide attempts, substance abuse, current or past cigarette smoking, severe daily stress at home, chronic fatigue syndrome, and DV experienced by their mothers. Women physicians reporting SA histories (4.7% of the population) were significantly more likely to be younger than 60 yrs, identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual, to have specialized in psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, or emergency medicine, and to report histories of depression, suicide attempts, eating disorders, and fair or poor perceived health status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: prevalence of lifetime domestic violence & sexual abuse & personality traits & health & specialization; female physicians; Adult; Aged; Domestic Violence; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Physicians, Women; Prevalence; Sex Offenses; United States; Domestic Violence; Health; Personality Traits; Professional Specialization; Sexual Abuse; Epidemiology; Human Females; Physicians

Predicting deliberate self-harm in adolescents: A six month prospective study - O'Connor, Rory C.; Rasmussen, Susan; Hawton, Keith (Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 2009)
Few studies have investigated the extent to which psychosocial/psychological factors are associated with the prediction of deliberate self-harm (DSH) among adolescents. In this study, 737 pupils aged 15-16 years completed a lifestyle and coping survey at time one and 500 were followed up six months later. Six point two percent of the respondents (n = 31) reported an act of DSH between Time 1 and Time 2. In multivariate analyses, worries about sexual orientation, history of sexual abuse, family DSH, anxiety, and self-esteem were associated with repeat DSH during the course of the study, but history of sexual abuse was the only factor predictive of first-time DSH. The findings suggest that school-based programs focused on how young people cope with psychosocial stressors may offer promise. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: deliberate self-harm; adolescents; psychosocial factors; psychological factors; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child Abuse, Sexual; Female; Humans; Life Style; Logistic Models; Male; Mass Screening; Multivariate Analysis; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Scotland; Self-Injurious Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent Attitudes; Psychosocial Factors; Self-Destructive Behavior; Psychodynamics

Why are gay men a high risk group for eating disturbance? - Williamson, Iain (European Eating Disorders Review, 1999)
Discusses social, political, and psychological factors that place gay men at high risk for developing eating disorders. The author argues that it is likely that gay men run an increased risk for developing maladaptive eating patterns through internalized homonegativity. An ego-dystonic gay sexuality may lead to abuse or neglect of the body through alcohol abuse, suicidality, or, potentially, eating disorders. For some individuals, however, over-acculturation and identification with aspects of the commercial gay scene may have a potentially toxic effect, because dominant images and norms within urban gay subcultures may contribute to the development of negative body image and eating disturbances. The author also examines reasons that gay men may feel alienated from psychology and argues that greater sensitivity is needed if therapists are to explore and assist members of minority groups with psychological problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychological & social & cultural factors in risk of eating disorders & body image disturbances; gay males; Body Image Disturbances; Eating Disorders; Male Homosexuality; Psychosocial Factors; Sociocultural Factors; At Risk Populations

Suicide and sexual orientation: Comment - Mathy, R. M.; Ismail, Khalida (The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2004)
Comments on the article by King et al (see record [rid]2003-10813-014[/rid]). King et al have published a valuable contribution to the literature regarding the mental health of lesbians and gay men. However, they erred in asserting that, 'No study has examined whether gay and lesbian people have elevated rates of completed suicide.' This is important because studies of sexual orientation :and attempted v. completed suicide have yielded different results. Nearly all studies of sexual orientation and attempted suicide have found that gay men and lesbians have higher rates of self-harm than heterosexuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: mental health; life quality; gay men; lesbians; England; Wales; psychological status; mental health service usage; heterosexual people; Health Care Utilization; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality; Mental Health; Quality of Life; Heterosexuality; Mental Health Services

'War, Guns and Cool, Tough Things': interrogating single-sex classes as a strategy for engaging boys in English - Martino, Wayne; Meyenn, Bob (Cambridge Journal of Education, 2002)
In this paper an investigation is undertaken into the impact and effects, on both boys and girls, of implementing single-sex classes--but particularly as a strategy for engaging boys in the English classroom at one particular Catholic coeducational school in Perth, Western Australia. Semi-structured interviews with seven English teachers at this school, where the strategy was implemented, were used both to analyse teachers' perceptions of single-sex classes in the coeducational context and to gain some insight into their pedagogical approaches. The study found that particular assumptions and knowledges about gender informed specific pedagogical approaches were adopted by the teachers in single-sex English classes. These assumptions and knowledges and the way they informed the pedagogical practices of the teachers, even in the same school, varied radically. It is concluded that single-sex classes as a strategy per se do not necessarily produce enhanced social and educational outcomes for students. Rather, as indicated in the research, there needs to be more attention directed to the particular effects of pedagogy and the normalising assumptions about gender that inform the implementation of curriculum in both single-sex and coeducational classes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: single sex education; English education strategies; sex differences; achievement; teacher attitudes; sex role attitudes; Academic Achievement; Human Sex Differences; Language Arts Education; Sex Role Attitudes; Single Sex Environments; Coeducation; Same Sex Education; Strategies; Teacher Attitudes

Risk factors for shooting gallery use and cessation among intravenous drug users - Celentano, David D.; Vlahov, David; Cohn, Sylvia; Anthony, James C.; Solomon, Liza; Nelson, Kenrad E. (American Journal of Public Health, 1991)
Investigated risk factors for lifetime attendance at shooting galleries (SGs), locations where iv drug users (IVDUs) can rent or borrow needles or syringes, and differentiated characteristics of those who continue to frequent SGs and those who have stopped. 52% of active IVDUs reported ever using an SG, with 33% reporting use within the prior 3 mo. Lifetime SG use was associated with male gender, homosexuality/bisexuality, low SES, Black race, and heavier drug involvement. Persistent SG users were more frequently male, homosexual/bisexual, homeless, and less educated and started iv drug use more recently compared with those who ceased going to SGs. SG attendance may be pragmatic from a sociolegal and economic perspective, but it carries with it a heightened risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: demographic risk factors; shooting gallery use & cessation; iv drug users; implications for HIV risk; Adult; African Americans; Baltimore; Educational Status; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Needle Sharing; Recreation; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; At Risk Populations; Demographic Characteristics; Drug Usage; HIV

Restraining Orders in California: A Look at Statewide Data - Sorenson, Susan B.; Shen, Haikang (Violence Against Women, 2005)
The authors tabulated statewide administrative data for all types of restraining orders. On June 6, 2003, there were 227,941 active restraining orders against adults in California; most were for domestic violence. Rates of restraining orders (i.e., restrained persons) were highest for men, African Americans, and 25- to 34-year-olds. In 72.2% of the orders, a woman was to be protected and a man was to be restrained; in 19.3%, the restrained and protected persons were of the same sex. Although state law prohibits the purchase or possession of a firearm by persons against whom a restraining order is issued, 9.2% of the orders documented no firearm restrictions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: domestic violence; restraining orders; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Battered Women; California; Community Networks; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Research; Humans; Law Enforcement; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Social Control, Formal; Spouse Abuse; Women's Health; Women's Health Services; Domestic Violence; Legal Processes; Protective Services; Victimization

Risk of deliberate self-harm and factors associated with suicidal behaviour among asymptomatic individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection - Gala, C.; Pergami, A.; Catalan, Jose; Riccio, M.; Durbano, F.; Musicco, M.; Baldeweg, T.; Invernizzi, G. (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1992)
Evaluated the risk of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and factors associated with suicidal behavior in 213 asymptomatic individuals with HIV infection in 3 transmission categories (68 gay men, 123 iv drug users, and 22 heterosexuals). 12 Ss were involved in DSH after the notification of a positive HIV test result. Eight Ss attempted suicide within 6 mo and 4 between 6 mo and 3 yrs. Ss with a past psychiatric history showed a 7.7-fold increase in the relative risk of DSH, and Ss with a history of DSH showed a 5-fold increase in the relative risk of DSH compared with Ss without a history of DSH. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: risk of deliberate self harm & factors in suicidal behavior; patients with asymptomatic HIV infection; Italy; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality; Humans; Italy; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide, Attempted; HIV; Self-Destructive Behavior; Suicide

Early sexual abuse and lifetime psychopathology: A co-twin-control study - Dinwiddie, Stephen H.; Heath, A. C.; Dunne, M. P.; Bucholz, K. K.; Madden, P. A. F.; Slutske, W. S.; Bierut, L. J.; Statham, D. B.; Martin, N. G. (Psychological Medicine, 2000)
Examined the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among twins who reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and compared these rates with those among non-abused co-twins. The contribution of familial and individual-specific factors to reported sexual abuse was also examined. Information about lifetime psychopathology and substance use was obtained by structured telephone interviews with 5,995 Australian twins. Twins who reported a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were contrasted on lifetime psychopathology with Ss without such a history; in addition, comparisons were made between same-sex twin pairs discordant for CSA. A history of CSA was reported by 5.9 % of the women and 2.5 % of the men. In the sample as a whole, those reporting CSA were more likely to receive lifetime diagnoses of major depression, conduct disorder, panic disorder and alcoholism, and were more likely to report suicidal ideation and a history of suicide attempt. Abused women, but not men, were also more likely to report social phobia. When comparisons were restricted to non-abused co-twins, no differences in psychopathology were seen. However, rates of major depression, conduct disorder and suicidal ideation were higher if both co-twins were abused than if the respondent alone reported CSA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders; twins with vs without histories of childhood sexual abuse; Adult; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cats; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Sex Factors; Suicide, Attempted; Child Abuse; Epidemiology; Mental Disorders; Sexual Abuse; Twins; Early Experience

Staff knowledge and attitudes towards deliberate self-harm in adolescents - Crawford, Tanya; Geraghty, Wendy; Street, Karen; Simonoff, Emily (Journal of Adolescence, 2003)
This study investigates knowledge, attitudes and training needs concerning deliberate self-harm (DSH) in adolescents, amongst a variety of professionals involved in the assessment and management of adolescents who self-harm. A questionnaire survey was completed by 126 health professionals working with adolescents who harm themselves. The main outcome measures were a knowledge measure and three attitude measures (generated using factor analysis). The mean percentage of correctly answered knowledge questions, across all professional groups, was 60%. With regard to knowledge, over three-quarters of participants were unaware that homosexual young men and those who had been sexually abused are at greater risk of DSH, whilst one third of staff were unaware that adolescents who self-harm are at increased risk of suicide. Staff who felt more effective felt less negative towards this group of patients (B=-0.21, p=0.03). Forty-two per cent of the participants wanted further training in DSH amongst adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: deliberate self-harm; adolescents; knowledge measure; attitude measures; health care professionals; training needs; professional staff knowledge; young men; at risk populations; Adolescent Development; Health Personnel Attitudes; Knowledge Level; Self-Destructive Behavior; At Risk Populations

Understanding methods of change in Mormon cultural attitudes beyond 'official' doctrinal views and popular public image-a reply to Christensen - Malan, Mark Kim (Sexuality & Culture: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 2006)
Reply by the current author to the comments made by Ferrel Christensen (see record [rid]2006-10906-004[/rid]) on the original article (see record [rid]2005-15277-004[/rid]). In reading the commentary, I find it misrepresents our stated argument and attempts to reframe our research within the narrow and limited confines of a discussion of Mormon doctrine. Mormon cultural history is highly complex to research. The commentator's commentary typifies a form of observation, logic and viewpoint that I believe is common of scholars who have not researched Mormon history and culture with the objective depth necessary to discover the diverse methods of social change hidden within both its overt and covert documented history. Without such in depth research, even among members of the church, it is easy to assume or speculate that Mormon cultural attitudes are synonymous with early 'official' doctrines. Regardless of commentator's private philosophical interpretations of Mormonism and its history, he basically agrees with us that some of the attitudes, claims of psychosexual abuse, marital dysfunction, and youth suicide reported by Mormons in our data is highly problematic for the church institution and the mental health of its membership. Mormonism benefits from historical research that reports evidence of the actual attitudes within Mormon culture, and the outcomes of the various historical masturbation policies on church member's lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Mormon culture; masturbation attitudes; sexual attitude; Christians; Masturbation; Sexual Attitudes; Mormons; Culture (Anthropological)

Review of Otto Weininger: Sex, Science, and Self in Imperial Vienna - Ortiz, David Jr. (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2006)
Reviews the book, Otto Weininger: Sex, Science, and Self in Imperial Vienna by Chandak Sengoopta (2002). In this volume, Sengoopta interprets the views of Otto Weininger on sex and identity in his controversial Geschlecht und Charakter (1903). This book is an attempt to place the relations of Sex in a new and decisive light. The book that follows is a witty, insightful, frustrating, turgid, confusing, and occasionally frightening glimpse into Weininger's views on sex, gender, and sexuality in the world of fin de siecle Imperial Vienna. Weininger was a very young man (23 years old) when he committed suicide, yet his book was immediately influential. In the introduction and eight succinct and elegantly written chapters, Sengoopta accomplishes the difficult task of making Weininger's views accessible by placing him in the cultural and intellectual milieu of late 19th century Vienna. Sengoopta has achieved a balanced, fair, and fascinating history that I strongly recommend to scholars and non-scholars alike. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexuality; self concept; history; science; gender; Gender Identity; History; Sciences; Sexuality

Trends in adolescent contraceptive use, unprotected and poorly protected sex, 1991-2003 - Anderson, John E.; Santelli, John S.; Morrow, Brian (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2006)
Purpose: To estimate trends in use and nonuse of effective protection among adolescents 1991-2003, and to assess factors associated with poorly protected sex in 2003. Methods: We analyzed seven Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBSs) of 9th-12th graders conducted from 1991 through 2003. We estimated trends in use of condoms, effective contraception, withdrawal, and no method, using linear logistic regression models, and evaluated correlates of the use of no method or withdrawal in 2003. Results: Throughout 1991-2003, about one third of students reported that they had been sexually active in the previous 3 months. Condom use increased significantly throughout 1991-2003, from 46.2% (± 3.3%) in 1991 to 63.0% (± 2.5%) in 2003, and the percentage reporting use of either withdrawal or no method steadily declined, from 32.6% (± 2.7%) to 18.8% (± 2.1%). In 2003, use of withdrawal or no method was greater among females, Hispanics, those who had been pregnant or had caused a pregnancy, and those who reported feeling sad or hopeless or had considered suicide. Conclusions: Reported unprotected sex decreased, while use of condoms increased. A high-risk group engaging in poorly protected sex was identified, accounting for 6.4% of students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: trends; adolescent contraceptive use; unprotected sex; risk assessment; at risk population; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Contraceptive Agents; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Retrospective Studies; Risk-Taking; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Unsafe Sex; Adolescent Attitudes; At Risk Populations; Contraceptive Devices; Safe Sex; Trends; Risk Assessment

Experience of Racism as a Correlate of Developmental and Health Outcomes Among Urban Adolescent Mental Health Clients - Surko, Michael; Ciro, Dianne; Blackwood, Caryl; Nembhard, Michael; Peake, Ken (Social Work in Mental Health, 2005)
Correlates of race/ethnicity and perceived racism among 760 urban, predominantly Hispanic/Latino and African-American, adolescent mental health clients were investigated using an exploratory, clinical data-mining approach. All racial/ethnic groups reported substantial rates of racism, ranging from 80.0% for Asian/Pacific Islanders to 32.4% for Hispanic/Latinos. Racism was associated with significantly elevated environmental risk (e.g., violence, sexual abuse or assault, exposure to drug use), behavioral risk (e.g., drug use) and worry (e.g., worry about hurting self or others, worry about doing dangerous things). Overall, racism was significantly associated with more negative health and well-being outcomes than ability to get a gun, sexual orientation, and being enrolled in school. The authors conclude that experience of racism should be routinely assessed at intake to mental health services along with traumatic experiences such as physical or sexual abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: racism; urban adolescents; mental health clients; environmental risk; behavioral risk; health outcomes; developmental outcomes; Adolescent Development; Mental Health; Racism; Risk Factors; Well Being; Behavior; Urban Environments; Health Outcomes

African-American suicide: A cultural paradox - Gibbs, Jewelle Taylor (Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1997)
African-American suicide rates have traditionally been lower than White rates despite a legacy of racial discrimination, persistent poverty, social isolation, and lack of community resources. This paper focuses on 4 issues: (1) patterns and trends of Black suicide across the lifespan, (2) risk and protective factors in subgroups of Blacks, (3) the influence of cultural factors on suicide patterns of Blacks, and (4) implications of these patterns for prevention and early intervention of suicidal behavior among African Americans. Risk factors for Black suicide include male sex, early adulthood, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, family or interpersonal conflict, antisocial behavior, and homosexuality. Protective factors that mitigate the risks of suicide include religiosity, older age, southern residence, and social support. Cultural considerations include the roles of religion, of the Black woman, of the extended family, and of a cohesive social environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: African American suicide rates & patterns & risk factors & protective factors & cultural factors; implications for preventive policies & programs; Adolescent; Adult; African Americans; Age Factors; Aged; Culture; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Suicide; United States; At Risk Populations; Blacks; Epidemiology; Sociocultural Factors; Suicide; Protective Factors; Suicide Prevention

Learning, welcome, generosity and sexual orientations/gender identities - Russell, Barbara (Journal of Ethics in Mental Health, 2011)
This article presents the ethics-related concepts of diversity and respect are familiar in healthcare settings, but they can be unintentionally too 'thin,' rigid and static. Awareness of differences can be erroneously conflated with fact or truth. Socio-political contexts are contested and evolving which means healthcare organizations and workers must understand and respond to their clients’ socio-politically informed and influenced health and well-being. The health implications of inequitable attention and engagement are real. Various studies show that people of minority identities and orientations are more likely as adolescents and 2-3 times more likely as adults to attempt suicide. Generosity is critical because being in a minority gender identity or sexual orientation is unsafe in most settings, public or private. It should be expected that people will choose wisely to evade or not answer questions, even lie, because the personal harms can be immediate and enduring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual orientations; gender identities; healthcare organizations; well being; Gender Identity; Health Care Utilization; Sexual Orientation; Well Being

Psychological functioning in a cohort of gay men at risk for AIDS: A three-year descriptive study - Joseph, Jill G.; Caumartin, Susan M.; Tal, Margalit; Kirscht, John P.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Ostrow, David G.; Wortman, Camille B. (Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1990)
436 gay men completed 6 self-administered biannual questionnaires between 1984 and 1988 as part of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study by R. A. Kaslow et al (1987). General mental health was determined by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL). An abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale (CESD-5) and an adapted Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) question also measured depression. Ss were also assessed for suicide ideation and distress specific to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). While mean HSCL and CESD-5 scores were stable during the observational period, AIDS-specific distress increased over time. A self-reported episode of depression of 2 wks or more was experienced by 40.1% of the Ss. Younger Ss exhibited greater general and AIDS-specific distress. Ss infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had generally higher AIDS-specific distress scores than those who were seronegative, but their scores were equivalent on the HSCL and CESD-5. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: general mental health & depression & suicide ideation & distress; gay males at risk for AIDS; 3 yr study; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anxiety; Attitude to Health; Chicago; Cohort Studies; Depression; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Personality Inventory; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Stress, Psychological; Suicide; AIDS; At Risk Populations; Male Homosexuality; Mental Health; Depression (Emotion); Distress; Longitudinal Studies; Suicidal Ideation

Classical conditioning of sexual arousal in women and men: Effects of varying awareness and biological relevance of the conditioned stimulus - Hoffmann, Heather; Janssen, Erick; Turner, Stefanie L. (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2004)
Classical conditioning of sexual arousal has previously been demonstrated in human males but not in females. This study explored the role of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning in the activation of genital sexual arousal in both women and men, and assessed the effects of varying conditioned stimulus (CS) duration (subliminal/conscious) and relevance (sexually relevant/irrelevant). Twenty-seven female and 29 male participants received either subliminal or conscious presentations of a photograph of either a sexually relevant (abdomen of the opposite sex) or irrelevant (gun) CS+, which was followed by the unconditioned stimulus (US-erotic film clip). A CS-, a stimulus not paired with the US, was also included in the 11 conditioning trials. Ten participants were assigned to a control group that received unpaired presentations of the CS+, CS-, and the US. Both women and men showed more evidence of conditioning to the abdomen than to the gun when the CS was presented subliminally. When consciously perceived CSs were used, however, gender differences emerged. Men again showed the expected cue-to-consequence specificity but women showed the opposite effect, that is, conditioned arousal to the sexually irrelevant rather than to the relevant CS... (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: classical conditioning; genital sexual arousal; gender comparisons; stimulus duration; stimulus sexual relevance; subliminal stimulus presentation; conscious stimulus presentation; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Arousal; Conditioning, Classical; Erotica; Extinction, Psychological; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Libido; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior; Time Factors; Classical Conditioning; Conditioned Stimulus; Human Sex Differences; Sexual Arousal; Stimulus Parameters; Erection (Penis); Female Genitalia; Human Females; Human Males; Physiological Arousal; Stimulus Duration; Stimulus Presentation Methods

In response to Kenneth J Zucker's comment regarding 'Correcting for continuity in 2 × 2 chi-square tests' - Skagerberg, Elin; Parkinson, Rachel; Carmichael, Polly (International Journal of Transgenderism, 2013)
Replies to the comments made by Kenneth J. Zucker (see record [rid]2014-12202-001[/rid]) on the authors' original article (see record [rid]2013-28991-004[/rid]). The authors thank Zucker for helpful comments on their paper and for scrutinizing their statistics. Zucker correctly notes that the chi-square value of 2.69 is, in fact, non-significant and the chi-square for the second calculation is 5.00, which is significant at p < 0.05. The authors apologize for these errors and thank Zucker for the correction. Regarding the use of Yates' correction, there remains much debate about whether it should be used. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gender dysphoria; children development; adolescent development; self harming behavior; thoughts; suicide attempts; Attempted Suicide; Self-Injurious Behavior; Thought Disturbances; Gender Dysphoria; Adolescent Development; Childhood Development; Errors; Statistical Analysis

Multiple sexual-partner behavior among sexually active US adolescent girls - Howard, Donna E.; Wang, Min Qi (American Journal of Health Behavior, 2004)
Objective: To examine the relationship of multiple sexual-partners to other risk behaviors among adolescent girls. Methods: Ninth-through 12th grade sexually active girls (N=3288) who completed the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey were participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine all significant independent relationships. Results: Having one recent sexual-partner was associated with lack of condom use and being in 12th grade whereas having 2 or more partners was associated with fighting, cigarette use, binge drinking, and African American ethnicity. Conclusions: A small but important subset of adolescent girls report having recent multiple sexual-partners. These girls are more likely to report other problem-prone health behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: multiple sexual partner behavior; adolescent girls; risk behavior; condom use; health behavior; sexually active; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Condoms; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Prevalence; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Smoking; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; United States; Violence; At Risk Populations; Health Behavior; Psychosexual Behavior; Risk Taking; Sexual Partners; Condoms; Human Females; Sexual Risk Taking

Psychiatric and Characterological Factors Relevant to Excess Mortality in a Long-Term Cohort of Prostitute Women - Brody, Stuart; Potterat, John J.; Muth, Stephen Q.; Woodhouse, Donald E. (Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2005)
We previously reported on the causes of death in a 30-year open cohort of 1,969 prostitute women. Excess mortality was mostly accounted for by homicide, suicide, drug and alcohol toxicity, and AIDS, with AIDS deaths occurring in prostitutes identified as injecting drug users. Presently, we examine observed mortality trends in light of the literature on personality and psychopathological characteristics reported for prostitute women, and with reports linking such personality characteristics to excess mortality. We observed consistency between the observed pattern of mortality in prostitute women and mortality that would be expected in a sample of persons at high risk for antisocial and borderline personality disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychiatric factors; characterological factors; mortality; prostitutes; women; homicide; drug toxicity; personality traits; at risk population; borderline personality disorder; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Alcoholism; Cause of Death; Character; Cohort Studies; Female; Global Health; Homicide; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Prostitution; Risk Factors; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Substance-Related Disorders; Women's Health; At Risk Populations; Death and Dying; Mortality Rate; Personality Traits; Sex Work; Borderline Personality Disorder; Drug Usage; Homicide

HIV seropositivity as a major risk factor for suicide in the general hospital - Alfonso, Cesar A.; Cohen, Mary Ann Adler; Aladiem, Asher D.; Morrison, Francine; Powell, Dionne R.; Winters, Richard A.; Katcher Orlowski, Barbara (Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 1994)
Assessed the suicide rate in people infected with HIV in general hospital population. A retrospective study of 2,363 psychiatric consultations was done in 1989 and 1990 at an urban hospital. Suicidal behavior was the reason for consultation in 21.8% of HIV-positive persons and in 19.8% of persons with AIDS. It was the reason for consultation in only 13.9% of persons with unknown HIV serostatus. It is concluded that HIV seropositivity may be a significant risk factor for suicide in the general hospital patient population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: HIV seropositivity or AIDS; suicide rate; general hospital patients; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Bisexuality; Depressive Disorder; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality; Hospitalization; Hospitals, General; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Retrospective Studies; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Suicide; HIV; Hospitalized Patients; Suicide; AIDS

Effects of perceived consensus on selective reinforcement of other people's stated opinions - Wallace, David S.; Desforges, Donna M.; Thomas, Jennifer C.; Lord, Charles G.; Sia, Tiffiny L. (Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2001)
Three studies tested whether perceived consensus affects selective reinforcement of other people's stated opinions on important social issues. Participants (college students) who perceived high consensus for their opinions were more likely than participants who perceived low consensus to reward another person's agreeing statements more than the person's disagreeing statements about gun control (Study 1) and to prolong interrogating another student about abortion (Study 2). In Study 3, participants who were told they were in a two-thirds majority regarding gay scout troop leaders were more likely than participants who were told they were in a one-third minority to practice selective reinforcement. The results have implications for settings in which interrogators believe they can exercise power over the person who is being questioned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: perceived consensus; selective reinforcement; opinions; social issues; Attitudes; Reinforcement; Social Issues; Social Perception

Review of Culturally responsive counseling with Asian American men - Kwong, Agnes (Asian American Journal of Psychology, 2011)
Reviews the book, Culturally responsive counseling with Asian American men by William M. Liu, Derek Kenji Iwamoto, and Mark H. Chae (see record [rid]2010-05136-000[/rid]). Once in awhile, a book fills a gap in the literature like a critical missing piece to a puzzle. Culturally Responsive Counseling with Asian American Men is just that book, as there is scant literature that focuses on the mental health needs of Asian American men as a distinct group. The 346-page book contains 16 chapters, and the editors, Drs. Liu, Iwamato, and Chae, have thoughtfully brought together 24 contributors whose collective contributions cover both a breadth and depth of mental health concerns that impact Asian American men in the United States. Drawing from their expertise as clinicians, educators, researchers, and students, the authors cover a wide range of topics, such as acculturation, gendered racism, intergenerational masculinity strain, fatherhood, alcoholism, suicide, domestic violence and sexual aggression, sexual orientation, interracial and interethnic relationships, and the use of the Internet as a source of coping and healing. Culturally Responsive Counseling with Asian American Men is a unique book that can enhance the assessment, conceptualization, and intervention skills of all clinicians who work with Asian American men due to its strong clinical focus and integration of rich case studies throughout. Educators may consider this book as they seek to enrich and provide nuance to complex topics such as acculturation, racial identity, and intergenerational conflict. Finally, graduate students will find that this book is an excellent bridge between science and practice. It brings to life the theories and research learned in the classroom, and, at the same time, it enhances our knowledge, awareness, and skills for working with the Asian American male clients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: culturally responsive counseling; cultural sensitivity; cultural competence; mental health counseling; clinical practice; Asian American men; Asians; Counseling; Cultural Sensitivity; Psychotherapeutic Counseling; Psychotherapy; Clinical Practice; Human Males

Gender dysphoria in old age: A single case study - Hodgkiss, Andrew; Denman, Chess; Watson, James P. (International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1991)
Presents the case of a man presenting with thoughts about having breasts and subsequently requesting sex reassignment at 65 yrs of age. The S had already obtained and was taking estrogen. He had an unusual and solitary psychosexual history that included cross-dressing for the previous 25 yrs. He also showed depressive symptoms and talked of planning his suicide. When sex reassignment surgery was not forthcoming, the S left psychotherapy and later wrote that he was enrolled in a gender reassignment program elsewhere. It is suggested that 'true' transsexuals would probably not present as late as 65 yrs of age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gender dysphoria; male 65 yr old; case report; Gender Identity; Major Depression; Older Adulthood; Case Report

Just another manic Monday: Peaking sexual concerns after the weekend - Crutzen, Rik; Mevissen, Fraukje E. F. (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2011)
The so-called 'weekend effect' is a well-known phenomenon in the stock market. This relates to significantly lower stock returns on Monday in comparison with other days of the week. It is suggested that this effect could be a result of traders’ fading optimism between Friday and Monday. Interestingly, similar 'weekend effects' can also be found in health-related matters. The number of suicides, for example, is higher on Monday in comparison with other days. In addition, calls to the AIDS-STI telephone hotline, an information helpline that people call mainly when they are concerned about their personal risk on having contracted a sexually transmitted infection (STI), also peak on Monday. How can these peaks in sexual concerns on Mondays be explained? The first explanation that comes to mind is that the frequency of (unprotected) sex is higher on Fridays and Saturdays, resulting in more concerns on what may have gone wrong afterwards (e.g., contracting an STI). Telephone information helplines being closed during the weekend, resulting in an accumulation of concerns, can furthermore explain the high number of calls on Mondays. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: weekend effect; unprotected sex; sexual risk taking; sexually transmitted infection; hotlines; Humans; Internet; Netherlands; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Time Factors; Sexual Risk Taking; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Hot Line Services

Legal, ethical and clinical implications of doing field work with youth gang members who engage in serious violence - Totten, Mark (Journal of Gang Research, 2001)
Discusses the dilemmas encountered when doing ethnographic research with youth gang members involved in serious crime. The dilemmas described are based upon the experiences of researchers involved in a qualitative study of 30 gang members aged 12–17 yrs. The study sought to understand gang members' use of violence against girlfriends, gays, and racial minorities, from the gang members' perspective. The degree, level, and objects of their brutal violence were associated with differences in their adherence to patriarchal-authoritarian models of family and gender at home and in the gang. Most were victimized by severe child abuse and neglect, witnessed horrific beatings of their mothers, and lived on the street. There were many dilemmas including the need to ensure the safety and provide community resources for the victims; access to the gang members as many were on probation or in treatment facilities; legal issues as many gang members were under 16 yrs, and were being abused or neglected by family members; and lastly, the mental state of these youth as some were suicidal at the time of the interview and needed services. The author urges for researchers to continue to explore these issues and obtain appropriate training prior to starting research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gangs; gang activity; research dilemmas; field research; Ethnography; Experimental Methods; Juvenile Delinquency; Juvenile Gangs; Research Setting; Ethics; Legal Processes

On the limits of sexual ethics: The phenomenology of autassassinophilia - Downing, Lisa (Sexuality & Culture: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 2004)
Contemporary liberal discourse advocates tolerance of a diversity of sexual orientations and behaviors, provided that the principle of informed consent can be shown to have been respected. Borrowing an extreme test case used by the sexologist John Money--the reciprocally chosen lust murder pact--this theoretical article examines the limits of liberal ideology for sexual ethics. Using as its illustrative material the case of Sharon Lopatka, a Maryland woman who instigated her own sexual murder in 1996, it demonstrates that the phenomenon of being murdered for pleasure problematizes commonplace assumptions about the legitimacy to consent. The discussion recalls and refreshes existing debates in feminism and the politics of sadomasochism and reads them alongside the rhetoric surrounding the ethics of medically assisted suicide. Consenting to murder for pleasure is revealed as a formulation that exceeds the terms of informed consent as it is currently understood and thereby constitutes an ethical and logical aporia. In a final section, the phenomenology of consensual murder is explored via a reading of the dynamics of sexual activity and passivity in philosophical accounts by Jean-Paul Sartre and Martha Nussbaum, and a fictional text by Muriel Spark. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: liberal ideology; sexual ethics; autassassinophilia; sexual orientations; informed consent; sexual murder; consensual murder; Ethics; Homicide; Psychosexual Behavior; Sadomasochism; Informed Consent

AIDS and euthanasia - Green, Gill (AIDS Care, 1995)
Examined the proportion of people with HIV who have considered asking assistance to end their lives and explored their motivations and plans of action to hasten death. 16 of 57 Ss (aged 21–49 yrs) with HIV had considered asking for assistance to hasten death, significantly more than seronegative controls (4 of 67 Ss). In follow-up interviews with seropositive Ss, the figure increased to 19 of 57 Ss. The main motivations were fear of being dependent and losing dignity and control in the final stages of the disease. Results are discussed in the light of current legislation about euthanasia and evidence that about one-half of doctors would be prepared to comply with requests for euthanasia were it legal to do so. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: prevalence of suicidal ideation & motivation for requesting assisted suicide or euthanasia; HIV seropositive vs seronegative 21–49 yr olds; Scotland; implications in light of current legislation; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Attitude; Communication; Data Collection; Euthanasia; Euthanasia, Active; Family; Female; Friends; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Health Personnel; Hemophilia A; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Male; Middle Aged; Patients; Quality of Life; Scotland; Self Concept; Sexual Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; Suicide, Assisted; Suicide, Attempted; Assisted Suicide; Euthanasia; HIV; Laws; Suicidal Ideation

From the editor - Farley, Ned (Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 2008)
In this issue, we offer new research in the areas of gay identity development, support and disclosure of same-sex attraction to young men, and suicide protective and risk factors for sexual minority youth. In addition, there is a review of the literature focusing on impact of gender belief systems and inversion theory on sexual orientation research and attitudes towards sexual minorities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: lesbian; gay; transgender; bisexual; counseling; Bisexuality; Counseling; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality; Transgender

Association between self-reported childhood sexual abuse and adverse psychosocial outcomes: Results from a twin study - Nelson, Elliot C.; Heath, Andrew C.; Madden, Pamela A. F.; Cooper, Lynne; Dinwiddie, Stephen H.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Glowinski, Anne; McLaughlin, Tara; Dunne, Michael P.; Statham, Dixie J.; Martin, Nicholas G. (Archives of General Psychiatry, 2002)
Increased risk for serious adverse outcomes has been associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Structured psychiatric telephone interviews were conducted with both members of 1,991 same-sex pairs (1,159 female and 832 male pairs, mean age 29.9 yrs) from a volunteer twin panel. A history of CSA was more common among those reporting parental alcohol-related problems. Significantly increased risk was observed in women reporting a history of CSA for subsequently occurring major depression, suicide attempt, conduct disorder, alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, social anxiety, rape after the age of 18 yrs, and divorce; most similar risks reached statistical significance in men. CSA-negative twins of CSA-discordant pairs compared with other CSA-negative individuals had increased risk for many adverse outcomes suggesting correlated family background risk factors. CSA-positive members of CSA-discordant pairs had significantly greater risk for all 8 examined adverse outcomes than their co-twins. Self-reported CSA was associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, controlling for family background. Family background risk factors also were associated with adverse outcome risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: childhood sexual abuse; psychosocial outcome; twins; family background; major depression; suicide attempt; conduct disorder; alcoholism; social anxiety; rape; divorce; risk factor; gender; self-report; Adolescent; Adult; Australia; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child of Impaired Parents; Cohort Studies; Diseases in Twins; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Risk Factors; Self Disclosure; Social Adjustment; Social Environment; Child Abuse; Family Background; Psychosocial Development; Risk Factors; Sexual Abuse; Alcoholism; Attempted Suicide; Conduct Disorder; Divorce; Human Sex Differences; Major Depression; Nicotine; Rape; Social Anxiety; Twins

A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse - Beitchman, Joseph H.; Zucker, Kenneth J.; Hood, Jane E.; DaCosta, Granville A.; Akman, Donna; Cassavia, Erika (Child Abuse & Neglect, 1992)
A review of the literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) suggests that adult women with a history of CSA show greater evidence of sexual dysfunction, homosexual experiences in adolescence or adulthood, depression, and are more likely than nonabused women to be revictimized. Anxiety, fear, and suicidal ideas and behavior have been associated with a history of CSA, but force and threat of force may be a necessary concomitant. There is insufficient evidence to confirm a relation between a history of CSA and a postsexual abuse syndrome and multiple or borderline personality disorder. Male victims of CSA show disturbed adult sexual functioning. Greater long-term harm is associated with abuse involving a father or stepfather and abuse involving penetration. Longer duration is associated with greater impact, and the use of force or threat of force is associated with greater harm. (French & Spanish abstracts) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual disturbance & homosexuality & depression & suicidality & anxiety & other symptomatology; adults with history of child sexual abuse; literature review; Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Personality Development; Psychosexual Development; Child Abuse; Early Experience; Literature Review; Mental Disorders; Sexual Abuse; Anxiety; Attempted Suicide; Homosexuality; Major Depression; Sexual Function Disturbances

Review of A psychodynamic understanding of modern medicine: Placing the person at the center or care - Mai, François (The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2013)
Reviews the book, A Psychodynamic Understanding of Modern Medicine: Placing the Person at the Center of Care edited by Maureen O'Reilly-Landry (see record [rid]2012-17136-000[/rid]). It is noted that in this book modern psychoanalysts analyze modern medicine. The book is designed to provide a useful and insightful resource for readers seeking to better understand the psychological and interpersonal issues pertinent to giving and receiving care. The book comprises 5 sections. The first, entitled 'Introduction,' gives an overview of interpersonal and psychodynamic concepts in modern medicine. The second, 'Subjectivity, Personal Meaning and the Medical Experience,' has subchapters on chronic illness in adolescents, mobility, chronic illness, orofacial pain, dialysis, and the placebo response. The third section is entitled 'Medical Provider and Patient: Mutual Influence,' with chapters on attachment theory in medicine, the antisocial patient, assisted suicide, the Balint group, and end-of-life secrets. The fourth, 'Relationships Born of Technology,' has subchapters on organ transplant, assisted reproduction, and organ replacement. The fifth, 'When a Family Member is Ill,' has chapters on grief in caregivers of patients with dementia, the neonatal intensive care unit, navigating the medical system for a gay patient, and elder abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychodynamic perspective; modern medicine; interpersonal concepts; attachment theory; Medical Sciences; Psychodynamics; Attachment Theory; Concepts; Interpersonal Interaction

Violent Video Games and Aggressive Behavior in Young Women - Anderson, Craig A.; Murphy, Christine R. (Aggressive Behavior, 2003)
The increasing availability of violent video games and their implication in recent school shootings has raised the volume of public debate on the effects of such games on aggressive behavior and related variables. This article reports an experiment designed to test key hypotheses concerning the short term impact of exposure to violent video games on young women, a population that has received relatively little attention in this research literature. Results were that brief exposure to a violent video game increased aggressive behavior. Mediational analyses suggested that the violent video game effect on aggression was not mediated by instrumental aggressive motivation, but was partially mediated by revenge motivation. Other results suggested that the violent video game effect on aggression might be greater when the game player controls a same-sex violent game character. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: violent video games; aggressive behavior; young women; Aggressive Behavior; Computer Games; Human Females

Phallic narcissism, anal sadism, and oral discord: The case of Yukio Mishima, Part I - Piven, Jerry (Psychoanalytic Review, 2001)
Presents a psychoanalytic biography of Yukio Mishimia (1925-1970), a prolific creative writer of postwar Japan. Mishima's complex personality is analyzed through his writings with an intent to understand the motivations of this controversial writer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychoanalytic biography; Yukio Mishima; Drive; Gender Identity; History, 20th Century; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Japan; Literature, Modern; Male; Narcissism; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychosexual Development; Sadism; Suicide; Psychoanalysis; Psychoanalytic Theory; Literature; Writers

Recovering meaning at the edge of suicide - Hart, Tobin (The Humanistic Psychologist, 1997)
Reviews the film, The Choice of a Lifetime: Returning From the Brink of Suicide by Nila Bogue (1996). What paths lead to the edge of suicide? How does one recover and sustain meaning and value in existence? These are the central questions that documentary filmmaker Nila Bogue attempts to answer in her research with over one hundred individuals who have made this turn themselves. Six of these lives are captured in this documentary. The diversity within this group instantly dispels some of the myths about who considers suicide; participants include: a grieving retired physician, a young lesbian, a black mother who survived sexual abuse, a former gang member turned author, a Native American man and a white mother. What is most riveting about the film is the honesty and authenticity with which these stories are told. These narratives are deeply touching without becoming mushy; they reveal despair and hope without sentimentalizing either. I did not come away from the film optimistic or depressed exactly, but instead opened to these people and to the recovery that they made. Filmmaker Bogue does not attempt to summarize universal themes but stays true to the nuances and uniqueness of individuals. She resists a tidy wrap up to the whole thing that might mediate the directness of the viewers contact with these stories. This is first class documentary filmmaking that serves as an excellent teaching tool for any level of student in psychology and the human services. It is powerful, poignant, technically excellent and brings questions about meaning, healing and helping into clear focus. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide; human services; sexual abuse; Human Services; Sexual Abuse; Suicide

Does semen have antidepressant properties? - Gallup, Gordon G. Jr.; Burch, Rebecca L.; Platek, Steven M. (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2002)
In a sample of sexually active college females, condom use, as an indirect measure of the presence of semen in the reproductive tract, was related to scores on the Beck Depression Inventory. Not only were females who were having sex without condoms less depressed, but depressive symptoms and suicide attempts among females who used condoms were proportional to the consistency of condom use. For females who did not use condoms, depression scores went up as the amount of time since their last sexual encounter increased. These data are consistent with the possibility that semen may antagonize depressive symptoms and evidence which shows that the vagina absorbs a number of components of semen that can be detected in the bloodstream within a few hours of administration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: antidepressant properties; semen; female college students; condom use; Condoms; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Semen; Severity of Illness Index; Suicide, Attempted; Surveys and Questionnaires; Condoms; Human Females; Major Depression; Psychosexual Behavior; Sperm; College Students

Assessment and crisis strategies intervention with suicidal adolescents - Rittner, Barbara; Smyth, Nancy J.; Wodarski, John S. (Crisis Intervention & Time-Limited Treatment, 1995)
Addresses the integration of instrumentation with interview techniques in assessment strategies and crisis interventions when working with suicidal adolescents. Referring to high correlations between suicidal behavior and substance use, sexual orientation issues, moderate to severe depression, impulsivity, histories of prior attempts, suicidal ideation, concomitant major psychiatric illnesses, low self-esteem, problem-solving deficits, hopelessness, circular thinking, and other cognitive distortions, this paper examines current research findings supporting the roles of these variables in adolescent suicidal behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: assessment & crisis intervention strategies for suicidal adolescents; Crisis Intervention; Suicide; Suicide Prevention

Psychopathology: Biological and psychological correlates - Stone, Michael H. (Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 2000)
Examines research on the biological and psychological correlates concerning the pathology of several psychiatric disorders: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), alcoholism, homosexuality, schizophrenia, suicidality, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), personality disorders, psychopathy, and spirituality. Twin studies have shown the importance of both biological and environmental factors in explaining psychiatric conditions. The interactive model holds importance in both the biological and psychological sides as contributors to etiology. OCD has been tied to both biological and psychological causes. The influence of genetic factors, long suspected in many cases of alcoholism, has been tested extensively in recent years and has been shown to be highly important. A genetic predisposition to homosexuality has been noted by studies concerning the role of prenatal sex-steroid hormone levels and theories stemming from evolutionary psychology. Schizophrenia is believed to have an organic base, and neuroanatomically, the frontal lobe is important. Suicide has been found to do more with aggression and violence than with sadness, and neuropsychological counterparts have been associated with PTSD, panic disorder, personality disorders, psychopathy, and spirituality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: biological & psychological correlates in explaining psychopathology of psychiatric disorders; implications for psychoanalysis; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology; Genetics; Mental Disorders; Nature Nurture; Psychodynamics; Psychopathology; Psychoanalysis

Erotomania in an adolescent: Clinical and theoretical considerations - Urbach, John R.; Khalily, Cyma; Mitchell, Patricia P. (Journal of Adolescence, 1992)
Erotomania is a relatively rare delusional syndrome, typically seen in heterosexual women of middle-age or beyond. This is the first reported occurrence in an adolescent, and one of very few involving homosexual orientation. A case report of a 13-yr-old Black female is discussed in the context of adolescent developmental phenomena, including 'crushes,' identity formation, and the resolution of sexual orientation. The presentation of erotomania as alleged sexual abuse, and a possible etiologic role for childhood sexual trauma, are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homosexual erotomania; delusional syndrome with possible etiological role for childhood sexual trauma; 13 yr old Black female; case report; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Chlorpromazine; Delusions; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Sexual Behavior; Students; Suicide, Attempted; Teaching; Delusions; Lesbianism; Sexual Attitudes; Case Report

Homosexuality, Type 1: An Xq28 phenomenon - Turner, William J. (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1995)
Studied pedigree charts of 133 families in 78 kinships based on A. C. Kinsey et al (1948) Grades 5 and 6 homosexuals. Families from the literature were also studied. A genetic theory of the etiology of male and female homosexuality is presented that rests upon 4 lines of clinical evidence. (1) There is a pattern of familiarity. (2) There were much higher rates among maternal than among paternal relatives of remaining single past age 30 yrs; infertile marriages and single or multiple spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths; and suicide. (3) A much higher concordance rate for homosexuality was found among monozygotic than among dizygotic twins. (4) A distorted sex ratio in the maternal generation bearing male and female homosexuals is matched closely by the numbers of children born to fathers carrying one of 8 Xq28-linked disorders. The suspected gene for homosexuality may lie in a pseudoautosomal region of the X and Y chromosomes: Xq28/Yq11. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Xq28 region gene & Kinsey grade 5 & 6 homosexuality; families of homosexuals; Female; Genetic Linkage; Heterozygote; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Mothers; Pedigree; Sex Ratio; Twins, Monozygotic; X Chromosome; Family Members; Genes; Genetic Linkage; Homosexuality

Suicide related to human immunodeficiency virus infection in Stockholm - Rajs, Jovan; Fugelstad, A. (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1992)
An investigation of 16,938 medicolegal autopsy cases in Sweden over 5 yrs showed positive results of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) analyses in 85 deaths (.50%), and 21 of these deaths were suicides. The number and proportion of suicides among HIV-positive homosexual and bisexual males increased during the study period but remained unchanged for infected iv drug addicts. This increase of suicides among homosexual and bisexual males could be related to the duration of the infection and to the manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) symptoms. Six of 12 homosexual and bisexual males who committed suicide were of non-Swedish origin (i.e., immigrants) who were likely to have a less stable social network. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: death from suicide; HIV infected adults; Sweden; AIDS Dementia Complex; Adult; Cause of Death; Female; HIV Seroprevalence; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sick Role; Suicide; Sweden; HIV; Suicide

A process model for assessing adolescent risk for suicide - Stoelb, Matt; Chiriboga, Jennifer (Journal of Adolescence, 1998)
As the incidence of adolescent suicide within our society continues to rise, it becomes increasingly important for the mental health professional to be able to accurately assess suicide risk in adolescents who seek help. This process model discusses primary risk factors (previous attempt, affective disorders, and hopelessness), secondary risk factors (substance abuse and personality or behavioral disorders), situational risk factors (family functioning, suicide exposure, social support, life stressors, and homosexuality), and their combined implications and significance in determining an adolescent's level or risk for suicide. Use of both empirical data and clinical intuition are integrated to form a working client model that is continuously reassessed in four stages, guiding the mental health professional through a comprehensive assessment process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: assessment model of primary & secondary & situational suicide risk factors; adolescents who seek help; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Care Team; Personality Assessment; Risk Assessment; Suicide; Suicide; Suicide Prevention; Risk Assessment; Mental Health Personnel

Factitious AIDS: A case report and literature review - Songer, Douglas A. (Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 1995)
Presents a case study of a 26-yr-old homosexual man with factitious AIDS who claimed to have physical and psychological symptoms in order to gain admission to an inpatient psychiatric facility. Possible diagnoses that should be considered in patients presenting with unsubstantiated somatic complaints include malingering, conversion disorder, somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, and somatic delusional disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: factitious AIDS; 26 yr old homosexual male with somatic physical & psychological symptoms; case study; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Factitious Disorders; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Managed Care Programs; Patient Care Team; Patient Readmission; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Sick Role; Suicide; AIDS; Factitious Disorders; Somatization; Case Report

Scent marking in meadow wolves and prairie voles: a test of three hypotheses - Ferkin, M. H.; Mech, S. G.; Paz-Y-Miño C., G. (Behaviour, 2001)
Examined the scent marking behavior of 80 meadow voles and 80 prairie voles, species with different mating systems and social organizations, to determine whether voles scent mark according to the 'targeting' response, the 'avoidance' response, or the 'shotgun' response. The authors allowed voles simultaneous access to an arena containing 2 arms: 1 of the arms was scented by a conspecific and the other arm was unscented. The authors recorded the number of marks deposited by the voles in each arm and the amount of time they spent investigating marks deposited previously in the scented arm. The data provide no support for the avoidance response, but provide support for the shotgun response and the target response. Species and sex differences in the scent marking behaviors of voles when they encounter the scent marks of conspecifics are discussed within the framework that scent marking responses depend on the voles' social organization and mating system, and that these responses may reflect the tactics males and females use to attract mates and compete with same-sex conspecifics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: scent marking behavior; meadow voles; prairie voles; Animal Communication; Animal Scent Marking; Rodents

Editorial - Martin, Graham (AeJAMH (Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health), 2002)
Editorial presents the inaugural issue of the Australian electronic Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health (AeJAMH). The current issues includes papers on the consumer movement, the need for collaboration expanded to the global level, effective consumer involvement, a stress management program developed in Western Australia, same-sex attracted young people and risk for self-harm or suicide, telephone triage in mental health care, and the self-perceptions of parenting from a pilot group of 21 people with psychosis. It is concluded that considerable challenge exists in the area of professional-consumer collaboration in mental health promotion and prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: mental health problems; mental health promotion; electronic journal; Electronic Communication; Health Promotion; Mental Health; Scientific Communication; Preventive Mental Health Services

Identity and intimacy in psychotherapy with a young woman: Four perspectives - Greenberg, Karen S.; Engle, Ralph P.; Badaracco, Mary Anne; Peck, Pamela (Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1998)
Presents the case of a 28-yr-old female who presented to a clinic requesting psychotherapy with a focus on 2 issues: (1) her relationship with her father, and (2) her bisexuality. The S had a history of suicide attempt, anorexia, poor family relations, and 2 courses of psychotherapy. 4 clinicians present their perspectives on the case from psychodynamic, self-psychological, and relational points of view. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: psychotherapy; father–daughter relationship & bisexuality issues; 28 yr old female with history of suicide attempt & anorexia & family dysfunction; Adult; Conflict (Psychology); Depressive Disorder; Ego; Family; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Psychotherapy; Referral and Consultation; Bisexuality; Dysfunctional Family; Father Child Relations; Psychotherapy; Anorexia Nervosa; Attempted Suicide

Recommendations for a research agenda in suicide and sexual orientation (Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1995)
Presents recommendations made by 4 concurrent working groups of participants of the Workshop on Research Issues in Suicide and Sexual Orientation (SO), held at Atlanta (June, 1994). The groups were organized around 4 themes: Conceptual foundations, research design, measurement, and research ethics. The conceptual foundations group developed recommendations addressing the theoretical underpinnings of research on suicide and sexual orientation. The research design group addressed the issue of appropriate research designs for testing of hypotheses in the area. The measurement and sampling group addressed issues of representativeness of study samples, generalizability of findings, and development of appropriate measurement techniques. The research ethics group developed recommendations addressing ethical issues in conducting research concerning the 2 topics. Based on these recommendations, certain general principles have been formulated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: recommendations regarding research on sexual orientation & suicide; Homosexuality; Suicide

Male victims of rape and sexual abuse - Coxell, Adrian W.; King, Michael B. (Sexual & Marital Therapy, 1996)
Introduces literature on the sexual assault of adult males. Various myths concerning the survivors, perpetrators, and plausibility of such assaults are challenged. Assault prevalence data from a community sample of 1,480 males is presented, along with data from a study of coercion in gay relationships. Problems reported after sexual assault by males are discussed, including confusion about sexual orientation, sexual problems, posttraumatic stress disorder, problems forming close relationships, mistrust of adult men, suicide, and various mood disorders. Sexual assault by females may leave men less traumatized than sexual assaults by men because they are less likely to involve physical force and because same-sex sexual contact, which heterosexuals may find traumatic in itself, is not involved. Both early and delayed management in the treatment of survivors are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: male victims of rape and sexual abuse; Human Males; Rape; Sexual Abuse

Comment of special issue on adolescence - Nelson, John A. (American Psychologist, 1994)
Comments on the special issue on adolescence in the February 1993 issue of American Psychologist. The issue portrayed heterosexist bias because discussions of adolescent depression, substance use, homelessness, and suicide did not discuss the disproportionately high number of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender youth dealing with these issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homosexual & bisexual & transgender issues in depression & drug use & homelessness & suicide; adolescents; commentary; Adolescent Development; Drug Usage; Homeless; Major Depression; Suicide; Bisexuality; Homosexuality

Indirect minority influence: The leniency contract revisited - Crano, William D.; Alvaro, Eusebio M. (Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 1998)
Investigated the leniency contract as a predictive model for indirect minority influence, evaluated the possibility that a pretest might sensitize message targets to a persuasive communication thereby diminishing the generalizability of in-group minority social influence results, and attempted to provide insight into the processes involved in indirect change. 101 students were asked to read 1 of 2 essays arguing against gays in the military. One of the essays was attributed to a campus group whose views were said to be contrary to the beliefs of a majority of students in the university. The other essay contained instructions stating that a comprehensive survey found that the vast majority of students strongly agreed with the essay. Half the Ss received a pretest of their attitudes towards issues such as gun control and abortion immediately before receiving the persuasive communication, while the other Ss completed the same pretest in their classrooms approximately 2 wks before being exposed to the persuasive message. Results show that linked attitudes of Ss exposed to the minority group message differed significantly from those exposed to the majority, and were congruous with the conservative thrust of the persuasive appeal. Pretest timing also affected indirect attitudes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: leniency contract & influence of exposure to persuasive message attributed to minority vs majority opinion on linked & indirect attitudes; college students; Adult Attitudes; Attitude Change; Persuasive Communication; Social Influences

Greater frequency of penile–vaginal intercourse without condoms is associated with better mental health - Costa, Rui Miguel; Brody, Stuart (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2010)
Comments on an article, Relationship between mental disorders/suicidality and three sexual behaviors: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey replication by Mota et al. (2009). Mota et al. reported that, in a representative sample of Americans, risk of mental disorders and suicidal tendencies was associated with lack of condom use and earlier first intercourse. Risk of mental disorders was also associated with having more than one intercourse partner. Childhood deprivation, impulsivity, and genetic propensity for addiction were among the proposed explanatory mechanisms. A wide range of studies, however, have found that greater frequency of penile–vaginal intercourse (PVI), as distinct from other sexual behaviors, is associated with measures of better health and that condoms might detract from some of the benefits. The factors proposed by Mota et al. as possible mechanisms for their findings, far from being an explanatory link, might actually obscure the underlying relationship between sexual behaviors and mental health. There is empirical support for greater number of sexual partners not being a manifestation of psychopathology per se, and even more evidence that specifically PVI without condoms is associated with mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: penile vaginal intercourse; condoms; mental health; suicidal tendencies; sexual behavior; Aging; Biomedical Research; Coitus; Condoms; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Mental Health; Penis; Sexual Behavior; Social Desirability; Suicide; United States; Vagina; Condoms; Mental Health; Psychosexual Behavior; Sexual Intercourse (Human); Attempted Suicide; Sexual Partners

A statewide survey of age at first intercourse for adolescent females and age of their male partners: Relation to other risk behaviors and statutory rape implications - Leitenberg, Harold; Saltzman, Heidi (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2000)
In a statewide survey of a representative sample of 4,201 adolescent girls in 8th–12th grades, information was obtained on age at first intercourse and age of their male partners. Excluding intercourse experiences where physical force was threatened or used, 31% had intercourse by age 15 and 45% by age 16. Contrary to the impression left by studies of teenage mothers, girls who had sex between age 13 and 15 or between age 16 and age 18 did not have a large percentage of much older partners (5 or more years older; 12 and 7%, respectively). The percentage of much older partners was higher, however, for girls who had sex in very early adolescence, ages 11–12 (34%). Much older male partners were associated with greater problem behaviors for girls who first had intercourse in very early adolescence (11–12), but less so for those who first had intercourse between age 13 and age 15 (truancy only) and not at all for those who first had intercourse at between 16 and 18. Regardless of partner's age disparity, earlier age at first intercourse during adolescence was associated with a greater number of other problem behaviors. The implications of these findings for recent calls to enforce statutory rape laws more stringently to reduce teenage pregnancy were discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: age at first intercourse & age of male partner; incidence of behavior problems; adolescent females; implications for statutory rape laws & teen pregnancy; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age Factors; Child; Coitus; Female; Humans; Male; Rape; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Suicide, Attempted; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent Attitudes; Behavior Problems; Human Mate Selection; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Intercourse (Human); Human Females

Comorbidity of gender dysphoria and other major psychiatric diagnoses - Cole, Collier M.; O'Boyle, Michael; Emory, Lee E.; Meyer, Walter J. (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1997)
Examined retrospectively via an interview and a questionnaire the comorbidity between gender dysphoria (GD) and major psychopathology (PP). The charts of 318 males (mean age 32 yrs) and 117 females (mean age 30 yrs) with self-reported GD were evaluated. It was found that over two-thirds were undergoing hormone reassignment, suggesting a commitment to the real-life cross-gender process. 28% reported having substance abuse problems before treatment but less than 15% evidenced problems associated with mental illness, genital mutilation, or suicide attempts. A subgroup of 137 Ss who completed the MMPI showed profiles that were notably free of PP. Significant differences were observed only in the Mf scale, and this held true only for the male–female group. Psychological profiles as measured by the MMPI were more 'normal' in the desired sex than the anatomic sex. These support the view that GD is usually an isolated diagnosis and not part of any general PP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: comorbidity of gender dysphoria & major psychopathology; males (mean age 32 yrs) & females (mean age 30 yrs) with self-reported gender dysphoria; retrospective study; Adult; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; MMPI; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Transsexualism; Comorbidity; Psychopathology; Transsexualism; Retrospective Studies

Suicidal ideation and varenicline: A possible case of mistaken adverse drug reaction? - Spirling, Lucy I.; Stapleton, John A.; Sutherland, Gay (The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2008)
Despite his repeated quit attempts over many years, including earlier treatment at our clinic using NRT, Mr. A, aged 40 years, had not managed to abstain from smoking for more than 2 or 3 days. At baseline assessment for the nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) treatment episode, a history of depression was noted. Throughout treatment, the self-completed Maudsley Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms Scale was used to assess changes in mood and desire to smoke. This case, and the possible interpretation of severe tobacco withdrawal symptoms rather than an adverse drug reaction, has wider relevance. It might be appropriate for current clinical guidelines for smoking cessation treatment to be revised, advising all clinicians treating smokers to routinely monitor mood, especially in those with a history of mood disorder, regardless of the treatment given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicidal ideation; varenicline; drug reaction; nicotine replacement therapy; Adult; Benzazepines; Humans; Male; Quinoxalines; Self-Injurious Behavior; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Suicide; Varenicline; Major Depression; Nicotine; Side Effects (Drug); Suicidal Ideation

Double suicide attempt among adolescents - Granboulan, Virginie; Zivi, Alain; Basquin, Michel (Journal of Adolescent Health, 1997)
13 cases of double suicide attempts by 11–15 yr olds (9 girls, 4 boys) are described and compared with single adolescent suicide attempters and adult suicide pacts. Three of the 13 cases were repeaters and 10 were 1st attempters. Double attempters showed many family disturbances, including parental death, separation or divorce, psychiatric disorder in mother or father, and out-of-home placement. The most consistent features of Ss' backgrounds were maternal deprivation and narcissistic failures, with major depression in 2 cases, and no instances of psychotic features. The most obvious difference from adult pacts was that adolescent double attempters were between friends of the same sex. Adolescent double attempters differed from single attempters in terms of having more risk factors related to family disturbances. This brief study indicates that double suicide attempts in adolescents are more frequent than is generally believed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: family disturbance & maternal deprivation & narcissistic failure; psychopathology & characteristics of attempts; 11–15 yr old double vs single suicide attempters vs adults in suicide pact; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Child; Family Characteristics; Female; France; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Suicide, Attempted; Attempted Suicide; Family Background; Mother Absence; Narcissism; Psychopathology

Indirect minority influence: Evidence for leniency in source evaluation and counterargumentation - Alvaro, Eusebio M.; Crano, William D. (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1997)
In-group minorities instigate indirect change because of their distinctiveness, the unexpectedness of their position, and their common identity with their targets. Preliminary study (N = 408) uncovered links among a set of attitudes and revealed participants were unaware of the relationship between some attitudes despite significant correlation and proximity in multidimensional space. Study 1 (N = 222) advocated a ban of homosexual soldiers attributed to majority, in-group, or out-group minority sources. No direct influence was evident. When credited to an in-group minority, the message influenced attitudes toward gun control, which were linked to the focal beliefs. Relative to other sources, the in-group minority was more positively evaluated, and its message less strongly counterargued (both p < .05). Study 2 (N = 78) reversed direct and indirect attitude objects and replicated these results. Study 3 (N = 66) examined majority influence and revealed direct, but not indirect, majority influence when participants' membership group was threatened. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: majority vs ingroup vs outgroup minority attitudes toward social issues; direct vs indirect influence on social perception; college students; Adult Attitudes; Ingroup Outgroup; Social Influences; Social Issues; Social Perception

Ignoring the evidence dictating the practice: Sexual orientation, suicidality and the dichotomy of the mental health nurse: Comment - Zucker, Kenneth J. (Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2004)
Comments on an article by McAndrew and Warne (see record [rid]2004-16490-009[/rid]). In their article, it is stated in the abstract that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ceased to define homosexuality as pathological in 1973 replacing it with a new 'illness' of 'gender identity disorder.' They are correct that the Board of Trustees of the American Psychiatric Association voted to delete homosexuality as a mental disorder from the DSM-II. They are, however, incorrect in asserting, without any substantive documentation, that the diagnosis of gender identity disorder replaced it in DSM-III. In conclusion, I believe that McAndrew and Warne (2004) are incorrect in asserting that the gender identity disorder diagnosis was introduced into the DSM-III to replace homosexuality. A more detailed historical account on the entry of the gender identity disorder diagnosis into the DSM-III can be found elsewhere. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual orientation; suicidality; mental health nursing; homosexuals; evidence; practice; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Psychiatry; Sexual Behavior; Suicide; Evidence Based Practice; Mental Health Services; Psychiatric Nurses; Sexual Orientation; Suicide; Suicidality

Eating disorders in males: A comparison with female patients - Bramon-Bosch, Elvira; Troop, Nicholas A.; Treasure, Janet L. (European Eating Disorders Review, 2000)
Compared 30 male (mean age 30.7 yrs) and 30 female (mean age 29.3 yrs) patients assessed at The Maudsley Hospital in 2.5 yrs. Of the male group 33% were anorexic, 50% were bulimic, and 17% met criteria for an eating disorder not otherwise specified. The female sample was matched to the males by diagnosis. Male and female patients were essentially similar, in particular there were no differences in severity of eating disorder. However, homosexuality appeared to be more frequent among males. Moreover, males with an eating disorder showed a stronger psychiatric co-morbidity and a higher rate of suicide attempts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: eating disorders; male vs female patients; Eating Disorders; Human Sex Differences

Sparse evidence for the association between lack of condom use and better mental health: Reply to Costa and Brody (2009) - Mota, Natalie; Cox, Brian J.; Katz, Laurence Y.; Sareen, Jitender (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2010)
Reply by the current authors to the comments made by Rui Miguel Costa & Stuart Brody (see record [rid]2010-01867-001[/rid]) on the original article, Relationship between mental disorders/suicidality and three sexual behaviors: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey replication by Mota et al. (2009). We wish to thank Costa and Brody for their thoughtful comments and concerns regarding our recent study on the relationships between sexual behaviors and a range of DSM-IV mental disorders and suicidal behavior in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Costa and Brody argue for the relationship between sexual intercourse without condoms and better mental health, and cite selected studies demonstrating an association between less frequent condom use and less depressive symptomatology and suicide attempts. They posit that social desirability bias may have caused respondents to misrepresent their sexual behavior and underreport symptoms of psychopathology, thus influencing the findings of our study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: penile vaginal intercourse; condoms; mental health; suicidal tendencies; sexual behavior; Condoms; Mental Health; Psychosexual Behavior; Sexual Intercourse (Human); Attempted Suicide; Sexual Partners

Lance: A gay recovering alcoholic misdiagnosed as HIV-positive - Kus, Robert J.; Carpenter, Martha A. (Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 1991)
Discusses the case of a 29-yr-old gay alcoholic who was misdiagnosed as positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In reaction to the diagnosis, the S subsequently engaged in a series of destructive behaviors toward himself and others. When told that his diagnosis was in error, the S was able to break out of his self-destructive cycle. The symbolic interactionist concepts of definition of the situation and of stigma are explored and nursing implications for caring for people with HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: HIV positive misdiagnosis & self destructive cycle; 29 yr old recovering alcoholic gay male; case report; Adult; Alcoholism; Diagnostic Errors; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide, Attempted; HIV; Male Homosexuality; Medical Diagnosis; Self-Destructive Behavior; Alcoholism; Sobriety

Pathways to infection: AIDS vulnerability among the Navajo - Sullivan, Carol (AIDS Education and Prevention, 1991)
Though the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases among Native Americans has paralleled the early stages of the epidemic in the US, there are sociocultural distinctions among many US tribes that could lead to transmission differences. Patterns of sexual behavior, iv drug use, suicidality, use of disinhibitors, and the rural–urban migration found among some members of the Navajo Nation are reviewed, along with recommendations for education–prevention program development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual behaviors & male homosexuality & drug & alcohol use & suicidality & migration; vulnerability to AIDS; Navajo Native Americans; implications for AIDS prevention; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Alcoholism; Anthropology; Arizona; Cultural Characteristics; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Indians, North American; Male; New Mexico; Preventive Health Services; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Suicide, Attempted; Utah; AIDS; American Indians; At Risk Populations; Alcohol Drinking Patterns; Drug Usage; Human Migration; Male Homosexuality; Prevention; Psychosexual Behavior; Suicidal Ideation

Chronic eating disorders in therapy: Clinical stories using family systems and psychoanalytic approaches - Dare, Christopher (Journal of Family Therapy, 1997)
Discusses 3 case reports involving female clients with long histories of disordered eating patterns. The 1st S presented with bulimia nervosa, chronic despair, unhappiness, and loneliness, and was treated in individual therapy. The 2nd S (aged 31 yrs) was suicidal and had a history of chronic thinness, bulimia, sexual abuse, and panic. The S was concerned about the strain of her breakdown on her long-term homosexual relationship, and, therefore, agreed to couples therapy. The 3rd S (aged 22 yrs) presented with anorexia and was treated in family and individual therapy. The 3 different psychotherapies demonstrate an approach which uses psychoanalytic as well as family therapy thinking and techniques. The material is offered to show examples of the clinical practice within which individual, couple, or family therapy constitute a range of psychotherapeutic responses to clients, particularly those with eating disorders. The context of the therapy is described in some detail as it accounts for many features of the treatments. A metaphor, that of the medieval castle, is offered as an evocation of the experience of the person that is relevant in the practice of both individual and family therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: individual & family & couple therapy using family systems & psychoanalytic approaches; adult females with long histories of eating disorders; conference presentation; Couples Therapy; Eating Disorders; Family Therapy; Individual Psychology; Theoretical Orientation; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia; Family Systems Theory; Psychoanalysis; Systems Theory

Emotional reactions to infidelity - Shackelford, Todd K.; LeBlanc, Gregory J.; Drass, Elizabeth (Cognition and Emotion, 2000)
Sought to identify emotional reactions to a partner's sexual infidelity and emotional infidelity. In a preliminary study, 53 college students (mean age 19 yrs) nominated emotional reactions to a partner's sexual and emotional infidelity. In a 2nd study, 655 students (mean age 19.4 yrs) rated each emotion for how likely it was to occur following sexual and emotional infidelity. Principal components analysis revealed 15 emotion components, including Hostile/Vengeful, Depressed, and Sexually aroused. The authors conducted repeated measures analyses of variance on the 15 components, with Ss sex as the between-subjects factor and infidelity type as the within-subjects factor. A main effect for sex obtained for 9 components. For example, men scored higher on Homicidal/Suicidal, whereas women scored higher on Undesirable/Insecure. A main effect for infidelity type obtained for 12 components. For example, Ss endorsed Nauseated/Repulsed as more likely to follow sexual infidelity and Undesirable/Insecure as more likely to follow emotional infidelity. Discussion addresses limitations of this research, and highlights the need for an integrative theory of emotional reactions to infidelity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: assessment of partner's emotional &/vs sexual infidelity; emotional reactions; male &/vs female college students; Emotional Responses; Human Sex Differences; Jealousy; Marital Relations; Sexual Attitudes; Infidelity; Male Female Relations; Promiscuity

Suicide risk among people living with AIDS - Mancoske, Ronald J.; Wadsworth, Cynthia Martin; Dugas, Darlene S.; Hasney, Joseph A. (Social Work, 1995)
Using data from Louisiana vital statistics records, the relationship between AIDS and risk of suicide was examined. Results show an increased suicide risk for people with AIDS. Between 1987 and 1991 the suicide rate for people with AIDS (175 per 10,000) was 134.6 times that of the general population (1.3 per 10,000). The suicide rate of people with AIDS in the metropolitan New Orleans area (126 per 10,000) was half that of the state's nonmetropolitan areas (249 per 10,000). The implications of this high AIDS-related suicide rate for social work practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: risk of suicide; adults with AIDS; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Incidence; Louisiana; Male; Rural Population; Social Work; Suicide; Vital Statistics; AIDS; Suicide; At Risk Populations; Epidemiology

Death by homicide in Special Hospitals - Gordon, Harvey; Oyebode, Oyedeji; Minne, Carine (Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 1997)
Outlines an initial review of the literature on patients who have killed fellow patients or staff while admitted to psychiatric hospitals. The authors then describe cases of such homicide by patients in Special Hospitals in the UK. Various factors which may be associated with such homicides are discussed. These include the relationship of homicide to suicide, risk of homosexual interaction, and associations between psychopathic disorder, homicide, and escape. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homicides in UK special hospitals & psychiatric hospitals in other countries; literature review; Homicide; Literature Review; Mentally Ill Offenders; Psychiatric Hospitals

On reliability and cultural competence in studies of sexual minority suicidality: Reply - Paul, Jay P.; Catania, Joseph; Pollack, Lance; Moskowitz, Judith; Canchola, Jesse; Mills, Thomas; Binson, Diane; Stall, Ron (American Journal of Public Health, 2002)
Responds to the comments of R. M. Mathy (see record [rid]2002-06986-001[/rid]) regarding the authors' article (see record 200215460-011), which examined the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts and psychosocial correlates in men who have sex with men. The implication of Mathy's statements, that there are no benefits to the publication of the authors' article, can be readily rebutted. Mahty's critique does an injustice to the degree to which cultural context was considered in the article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide attempts; psychosocial correlates; men who have sex with men; homosexuality; bisexuality; epidemiology; Attempted Suicide; Bisexuality; Epidemiology; Male Homosexuality; Psychosocial Factors; Suicidality; Sexual Minority Groups

AIDS prevention in adolescent gays: Health locus of control and self-disclosure - White, Mimi R. (Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 1991)
Nine gay and 8 heterosexual college-aged men were administered a self-disclosure scale (measuring motivation in communicating with mental health or medical professionals) and a health locus of control scale. A retrospective recall study was completed by the gay men about themselves during adolescence. Although 77% of the gay Ss reported anxiety and depression and 33% had suicidal ideation, only 1 out of 9 discussed their questions and feelings with a professional. Gays did not appear to self-disclose to professionals more than heterosexuals. Outreach educational and counseling programs in the schools are recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: health locus of control & degree of self disclosure; gay vs heterosexual males; implications for adolescent AIDS prevention; Adolescent Development; AIDS; Health Attitudes; Male Homosexuality; Prevention; Health Locus of Control; Self-Disclosure

Female-to-male transexual with 47,XXX karyotype - Turan, M. Tayfun; Eşel, Ertuğrul; Dündar, Munis; Candemir, Zuhal; Baştürk, Mustafa; Sofuoğlu, Seher; Özkul, Yusuf (Biological Psychiatry, 2000)
Describes a 21-yr-old, single, high school graduate, unemployed, female patient who came to a clinic with depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. On psychiatric interview, she reported that she had feelings of discomfort with her gender identity and had desired to be male all of her childhood. The authors performed cytogenic investigation using blood culture and G chromosome banding. Histology and DNA histograms of the patient revealed a chromosome pattern of 47, XXX karyotype. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gender identity discomfort & 47; XXX Karotype; 21 yr old female with depression & suicidal thoughts; Adult; Depression; Female; Gender Identity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Homosexuality, Female; Humans; Intelligence; Karyotyping; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Transsexualism; X Chromosome; Sex Chromosome Disorders; Gender Dysphoria; Major Depression; Suicide

Psychopathologic features among drug addicts and homosexuals with HIV infection - Cazzullo, Carlo L.; Gala, Costanzo; Martini, Simonetta; Pergami, Andrea; Rossini, M.; Russo, R. (International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 1990)
Personal and familial psychopathological histories and information about early losses were collected, and the results of the locus of control test and tests for psychological responses were determined for 92 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected Ss (58 drug addicts; 26 homosexuals; 8 heterosexual partners of drug addicts). A higher percentage of drug addicts reported past histories of attempted suicide than did homosexuals. Early loss events were more frequent for homosexuals than for drug addicts. There was a higher psychopathological risk for asymptomatic HIV seropositivity in homosexuals, drug addicts who had attempted suicide, Ss that acknowledged that they have serious illness, and Ss with external rather than internal coping mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: personal & familial psychopathological history & early losses & locus of control & psychological responses; drug addicted vs homosexual HIV infected patients & their partners; Adult; Female; HIV Infections; Homosexuality; Humans; Life Change Events; Life Style; Male; Personality Development; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Sick Role; Substance-Related Disorders; Drug Addiction; HIV; Homosexuality; Psychopathology; Early Experience; Family Background; Internal External Locus of Control; Patient History

Men as women: Experiences from five cases after administrative, hormonal, and surgical treatment - Olsson, Stig-Eric; Jansson, Inge; Möller, Anders (Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 1996)
Describes adjustments of 5 White biological men as women after administrative, hormonal, and surgical treatment for sex change, with emphasis on the psychologic course, and thereby provide a qualitative aspect to the treatment which traditional followup studies lack. Negative effects of the treatment comprised not only somatic, sexual, and social complications but also psychological difficulties such as indirect regret and suicidal thoughts. In light of the patients' postoperative life situations, sex change treatment appears almost counterproductive, since the definitive surgical treatment they underwent fixated the patients in a defensive position, which prevented the natural maturity and development of their own personality into a 'true self.' (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: administrative & hormonal & surgical treatment for sex change; adjustments as females; adult males; Sweden; 1973–89 followup; comment appended; Adjustment; Male Homosexuality; Sex Hormones; Transsexualism; Gender Reassignment; Followup Studies

Client strengths and crisis intervention: A solution–focused approach - Greene, Gilbert J.; Lee, Mo-Yee; Trask, Rhonda; Rheinscheld, Judy (Crisis Intervention & Time-Limited Treatment, 1996)
Discusses the relevance of solution-focused therapy (SFT) to the crisis intervention (CI). SFT is based on the 'strengths' perspective (SP) of clients. The SP stands in contrast to standard CI since it views clients as having the necessary resources and coping skills but is not using them, underusing them, or not aware of currently using them. The crisis clinician needs to help the client to develop the resources and coping skills needed to successfully deal with the crisis situation. There are 7 steps in the SFT approach to CI (joining with the client, defining problems, setting goals, identifying solutions, developing and implementing action plan, termination and follow up). The use of SFT is illustrated with 7 case examples of different clients in CI, including a female victim of domestic violence; a lesbian female being harassed on the job; a woman experiencing grief and loss because of the death of her father; a female who had fallen from sobriety; a 58-yr-old woman who was depressed and suicidal; a single mother with domestic issues; and a 37-yr-old single father who had difficulties managing his 9-yr-old son who was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: relevance of solution focused therapy to client strengths perspective & application to crisis intervention; Client Characteristics; Crisis Intervention; Psychotherapeutic Techniques

A new perspective on the Oedipal complex: A voice therapy session - Firestone, Robert W. (Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 1994)
Presents clinical material using voice therapy, to elicit, identify, and counteract negative thought patterns. The case of a 38-yr-old man, who experienced suicidal impulses in competitive situations, illustrates the concept of 'identification with the aggressor' in relation to a father's angry, rivalrous feelings toward his son. The author discusses the dynamics operating in families where immature or insecure parents compete with and show resentment toward the child of the same sex and direct overt or covert aggression toward him/her. Later, the internalized aggression emerges as a negative thought process when the individual strives to achieve personal or vocational goals. An exploration of the theoretical implications of the case contributes to an understanding of unresolved Oedipal issues that can affect young people at risk for suicide, particularly high-achieving adolescents who seemingly have everything to live for. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: voice therapy; negative thought patterns & unresolved Oedipal issues; male 38 yr old with suicidal impulses in competitive situations; Cognitions; Oedipal Complex; Psychotherapy; Suicidal Ideation; Competition

Psychological impact of HIV disease and implications for intervention - Chesney, Margaret A.; Folkman, Susan (Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1994)
Discusses the stress associated with HIV infection and the psychological implications of that stress as well as the complex issues that HIV-positive individuals encounter in managing their disease. The psychological sequelae of HIV infection include depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and suicide ideation. This article also reviews the existing research on behavioral interventions designed to provide strategies to assist HIV-positive individuals cope with their disease, and outlines one particular method of cognitive-behavioral intervention, coping effectiveness training (CET). The CET was pilot tested in a controlled outcome study with 20 HIV-positive and 20 HIV-negative homosexual men. Results indicate that CET is likely to improve coping, depression, and positive morale among HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: coping effectiveness training; stress & psychological sequelae; HIV positive homosexual males; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Cognitive Therapy; Exercise; Humans; Mental Disorders; Patient Compliance; Quality of Life; Referral and Consultation; Stress, Psychological; Cognitive Therapy; HIV; Mental Disorders; Coping Behavior; Male Homosexuality; Stress; Sequelae

Transsexualism, dissociation, and child abuse: An initial discussion based on nonclinical data - Devor, Holly (Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 1994)
Interviewed 45 self-defined female-to-male transsexuals (aged 22–53 yrs) as part of a wide ranging sociological field study that examined Ss' childhood experiences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. 60% reported 1 or more types of severe child abuse. Ss reported having experienced many commonly cited initial and long-term effects of child abuse, including fear, anxiety and depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, excessive aggression, and suicide ideation and attempts. It was not possible to determine to what extent the sources of these complaints lay in child abuse, in gender dysphoria, in some combination of the two, or elsewhere. Preliminary results suggest that, in some cases, transsexualism may be an adaptive extreme dissociative survival response to severe child abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: childhood physical or sexual or emotional abuse; female to male transsexual 22–53 yr olds; Child Abuse; Early Experience; Transsexualism; Emotional Abuse; Physical Abuse; Sexual Abuse

Oversimplifying evolutionary psychology leads to explanatory gaps - Tate, Chuck; Ledbetter, Jay N. (American Psychologist, 2010)
Comments on Evolutionary psychology: Controversies, questions, prospects, and limitations (see record [rid]2010-02208-001[/rid]) by Confer et al. They argued that SST cannot explain the existence of either homosexuality or suicide within the human species. We contend that a sufficiently nuanced evolutionary position has no difficulties explaining either phenomenon. Also in this account, it is assumed that all psychological functioning must serve survival and reproduction. However, since evolution selects against certain qualities (it does not select for qualities, as it is commonly, but incorrectly, described), two types of qualities should remain intact for any species: (a) those that facilitate survival and reproduction and (b) those that do not impede survival and reproduction at the population level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: adaptation; evolutionary psychology; misconceptions; natural selection; psychological mechanisms; testing; Biological Evolution; Humans; Psychology; Sexuality; Adaptation; Evolutionary Psychology; Natural Selection; Comprehension; Testing; Theory of Evolution

Review of Cultural diversity and suicide: Ethnic, religious, gender, and sexual orientation perspectives - Marin, Humberto (Psychiatric Services, 2008)
Reviews the book, Cultural diversity and suicide: Ethnic, religious, gender, and sexual orientation perspectives by Mark M. Leach (see record [rid]2006-21976-000[/rid]). This book is intended for clinicians and researchers who want to increase their consideration of cultural issues when working with or researching suicidal clients. This book reflects the relationship between culture and suicide, and deals in separate parts with European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native Americans. It also includes a section on gender or sexual orientation for each of these groups and when most relevant, some group-specific issues, such as views of death, suicide, and religion. The limitations of this book reflects the state of the field. Some of the authors’ conclusions may be debatable, but that is not a significant drawback in a field in which we need plenty of debate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide; cultural diversity; ethnic groups; religion; gender differences; sexual orientation; clinicians; Cross Cultural Differences; Human Sex Differences; Religion; Sexual Orientation; Suicide; Diversity; Racial and Ethnic Groups; Cultural Diversity

Self-mutilation and severe self-injurious behavior associated with amphetamine psychosis - Kratofil, Paul H.; Baberg, Henning T.; Dimsdale, Joel E. (General Hospital Psychiatry, 1996)
Presents 3 cases of amphetamine-induced transient psychosis associated with severe self-injurious behavior and self-mutilation in male patients (aged 27–31 yrs). In the setting of bizarre and/or severe self-injurious behavior, screening for amphetamines is indicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: amphetamine induced transient psychosis; severe self injurious behavior & self mutilation; male 27–31 yr olds; case reports; Adult; Amphetamine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Religion and Psychology; Self Mutilation; Substance Abuse Detection; Suicide, Attempted; Amphetamine; Drug Abuse; Psychosis; Self-Inflicted Wounds; Self-Mutilation; Case Report; Self-Injurious Behavior

Depression among lesbians: An invisible and unresearched phenomenon - Rothblum, Esther D. (Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 1990)
Reviews evidence for factors that might place lesbians at increased risk for depression and for factors that would protect lesbians from depression. Mental health disorders related to depression among lesbians include suicide, alcoholism, and sexual/physical abuse. Homophobia, the coming out process, and the integration into the lesbian community are issues that concern lesbians, but not heterosexual women. Problems experienced by lesbians who are non-White, adolescent, older, or imprisoned are described. The role of therapists and self-help groups in affecting depression rates among lesbians is examined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: risk & protective factors for depression; lesbians; implications for therapy & self help groups; At Risk Populations; Lesbianism; Major Depression; Protective Factors; Prevention; Psychotherapy; Self-Help Techniques

Psychoanalysis as a lifeline: A clinical study of a transference perversion - Baker, Ronald (The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1994)
Discusses the analysis of a 29-yr-old male fetishistic cross-dresser (who was in psychoanalysis for 15 yrs) and the evolution of a transference perversion and treatment impasse in the form of anal flatulence as a recalcitrant symptom. The S's contrasting needs to cling perversely and addictively to the analyst and to provoke an acting out of the countertransference are ascribed to his dread of rejection and potentially suicidal reaction. The author argues in favor of offering psychoanalysis as a lifeline, but with the condition that the psychoanalytic setting and boundaries are maintained and that gratifications are denied. The relatively good outcome is explained in terms of the provision of safety, survival of the analyst, and avoidance of countertransference acting out. This enabled the S to question and reject his idealization of the anal universe that he inhabited. (French, German & Spanish abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: transference perversion & impasse in psychoanalysis; 29 yr old male with sexual perversions; Paraphilias; Psychoanalysis; Psychotherapeutic Transference

Health needs of women who have sex with women - Hughes, Clare; Evans, Amy (BMJ: British Medical Journal, 2003)
The article discusses about the health needs of women who have sex with women. A lack of awareness among healthcare professionals about these needs may lead to ill informed advice and missed opportunities for the prevention of illness. Bacterial vaginosis is more common in women who have sex with women than heterosexual women and they participate in high risk behaviours for the acquisition of HIV and hepatitis, such as intravenous drug use and unprotected intercourse with homosexual or bisexual men. These women may then act as a bridge, transferring risk to women who exclusively have sex with women. These women are prone to mental health problems and increased risk of suicide, deliberate self harm, depression, and anxiety disorder. Medical professionals need knowledge of these risk factors so that they can advise women who have sex with women on changes that may reduce their risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: health needs; homosexual women; health care professionals; bacterial vaginosis; at risk population; HIV; depression; anxiety disorder; suicide risk; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Homosexuality, Female; Humans; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Women's Health; Women's Health Services; At Risk Populations; Health; Homosexuality; Human Females; Health Personnel; Anxiety Disorders; Bacterial Disorders; HIV; Major Depression

Early childhood exposure to parental nudity and scenes of parental sexuality ('primal scenes'): An 18-year longitudinal study of outcome - Okami, Paul; Olmstead, Richard; Abramson, Paul R.; Pendleton, Laura (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1998)
200 male and female children participated in an 18-yr outcome study of early childhood exposure to parental nudity and scenes of parental sexuality ('primal scenes'). At 17–18 yrs, Ss were assessed for levels of self-acceptance; relations with peers, parents, and other adults; antisocial and criminal behavior; substance use; suicidal ideation; quality of sexual relationships; and problems associated with sexual relations. No harmful 'main effect' correlates of the predictor variables were found. A significant crossover Sex of Participant × Primal Scenes interaction was found such that boys exposed to primal scenes before age 6 had reduced risk of STD transmission or having impregnated someone in adolescence. In contrast, girls exposed to primal scenes before age 6 had increased risk of STD transmission or having become pregnant. A number of main effect trends in the data linked exposure to nudity and exposure to primal scenes with beneficial outcomes. However, a number of these findings were mediated by sex of participant interactions showing that the effects were attenuated or absent for girls. It is suggested that pervasive beliefs in the harmfulness of the predictor variables are exaggerated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: early exposure to parental nudity & scenes of parental sexuality; male vs female 17–18 yr olds; 18-yr outcome study; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Child; Child, Preschool; Coitus; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Life Style; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nudism; Parent-Child Relations; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Psychology, Adolescent; Self Concept; Sex Factors; Early Experience; Nudity; Parent Child Relations; Psychosexual Behavior; Human Sex Differences

Injection drug use and risk of HIV transmission among homeless men with mental illness - Susser, Ezra; Miller, Maureen; Valencia, Elie; Colson, Paul; Roche, Brenda; Conover, Sarah (The American Journal of Psychiatry, 1996)
Examined lifetime prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) and risky drug use and sexual behaviors associated with HIV transmission in 218 homeless mentally ill men. Fifty (23%) of the 218 men had injected drugs in their lifetime. The majority of the 50 engaged in IDU with shared needles (66%) and used shooting galleries (64%). Few engaged in the risk-reduction behaviors of cleaning needles with bleach (22%) and using a needle exchange program (2%). The majority of injection drug users had had unprotected sex with women (48%) or men (10%) in the past 6 mo. It is concluded that, for effective HIV prevention, it is necessary to find a way to reach this marginalized group of homeless mentally ill men at risk due to IDU and related behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: lifetime prevalence of injection drug use & risky sexual & injection behaviors associated with HIV transmission; homeless mentally ill males; Adult; Comorbidity; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seroprevalence; Homeless Persons; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Needle Sharing; Needle-Exchange Programs; New York City; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; HIV; Homeless; Intravenous Drug Usage; Mental Disorders; Risk Taking; Disease Transmission; Human Males; Psychosexual Behavior

Sexual versus psychiatric predictors of suicide in men with AIDS-related illnesses - Lester, David (The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 1993)
Investigated whether the sexual behavior of 18 homosexual and bisexual adult men or their psychiatric condition better predicted their suicidal behavior (SB) in a study by J. Westermeyer et al (see record [rid]1990-13226-001[/rid]). The sexual orientation and behavior of the Ss was not related to their SB. However, a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder was associated with having SB as the chief complaint, and the number of previous psychiatric treatments was associated with the number of prior attempts at suicide. A response by Westermeyer is included. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual behavior & orientation vs psychiatric condition; prediction of suicidal behavior; homosexual & bisexual males with AIDS related illnesses; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Bisexuality; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Suicide; AIDS; Bisexuality; Homosexuality; Mental Disorders; Suicide; Psychosexual Behavior

Twenty recent novels (and more) about adolescents for bibliotherapy - Hipple, Ted; Comer, Melissa; Boren, Dodie (Professional School Counseling, 1997)
Lists 20 problems adolescents encounter and describes 1 young adult novel for each problem in which that problem is a central feature. School counselors are urged to acquaint themselves with such literature and, when appropriate, to use it when providing assistance to youth. The 20 problems are abuse; AIDS; alcohol; alienation; crime; death; disabilities; divorce; drugs; ethical dilemmas; homosexuality; peer pressure; pregnancy; prejudice; rape; religious pressure; school; sex; sports; and suicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: recent novels for adolescent bibliotherapy; Adolescent Psychotherapy; Bibliotherapy; School Counseling

Definition and measurement of sexual orientation - Gonsiorek, John C.; Weinrich, James D. (Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1995)
Critically examines how sexual orientations (SO) are measured and defined. The conceptualization problems of homosexuality are highlighted, along with the role played by cultural factors. Measurements of SO include in-depth interviews, surveys and cross-cultural studies, which face problems of self-disclosure risks. Physiological measures, like plethysmyograph, also have limitations with involuntary Ss. The commonly used measurement, verbal self-report, faces limitations like Ss having to accurately appraise themselves. The limitation of current conceptualizations of SO is lack of research on change over time. Caution is raised against increasing politicization of this area. Recommendations for measurement concerns with adolescents are made, and a specific measurement strategy, applicable at a number of different levels, is described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: issues in definition & measurement of sexual orientation; Adolescent; Adult; Bisexuality; Female; Gender Identity; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Personality Assessment; Personality Inventory; Politics; Psychosexual Development; Social Identification; Homosexuality; Measurement

Gender as a moderator of the effects of the love motive and relational context on sexual experience - Taris, Toon W.; Semin, Gün R. (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1997)
Examined the moderator effect of gender on relations among (1) adolescents' sexual experience, (2) their orientations toward the type of relational and emotional commitment that they expect to be present before engaging in a sexual relationship, and (3) having a steady partner. It was hypothesized that the relations among these facets would be stronger for women. A random sample of 253 British adolescents was interviewed twice with a 1-yr interval. LISREL multigroup analysis with mean structures was used to test the hypotheses, thus offering the opportunity of detecting moderator as well as main effects of gender. Differential effects of emotional and relational commitment and having a steady partner relationship on sexual experience supported the hypotheses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: emotional & relational commitment & steady partner relationship; sexual experience; male vs female adolescents; Adolescent; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Love; Male; Sex; Sexual Behavior; Social Desirability; Commitment; Experience Level; Male Female Relations; Psychosexual Behavior; Couples; Emotions; Human Sex Differences

Editorial - Burrows, Graham D. (Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2007)
This volume has one article which deals with on homosexual orientation. Another article highlights the concealment of sexual orientation may be experienced as chronic stress, with increased physical symptomatology. This paper reports that participants with concealment and high disclosure during the study exhibited significantly greater cardiovascular recovery than participants who engaged in a lower level of disclosure. Stress and suicide are always of interest. Another article reports on memory functioning following terror attacks and it looked at correlation with reported levels of religious faith. Congratulations to our researchers. Our understanding of stress and health is growing and improving, as is the journal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: homosexual orientation; chronic stress; sexual orientation; religious faith; Chronic Stress; Homosexuality; Sexual Orientation; Self-Disclosure

Multiple personality disorder manifesting itself under the mask of transsexualism - Modestin, J.; Ebner, G. (Psychopathology, 1995)
Presents the case of a 20-yr-old woman who presented with symptoms of transsexualism; surgical intervention was considered. However, after the S was admitted to the hospital after having become depressed and suicidal, a thorough examination and observation revealed the presence of multiple personality disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: transsexual presentation; female 20 yr old with multiple personality disorder; case report; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Multiple Personality Disorder; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Transsexualism; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Transsexualism; Case Report

Sexual confusion among certain college males - Goff, J. Larry (Adolescence, 1990)
Discusses difficulties related to reactive homophobia among men (aged 18–22 yrs). Three developmental models are explored: J. Cates (see record [rid]1988-01966-001[/rid]), D. Finnegan and E. McNally (1987), and Harry and DeVall (1978). This age group is making its first efforts at establishing deeper heterosexual relationships, and many young males are unable to deal with intimacy issues. College-aged males may begin to think they may be gay, not because of attraction to other males, but because of failure with females. The problem is reactive and characterized by confusion, anxiety, depression, reaction formation, acting out, fear of being found out, isolation, substance abuse, performance anxiety, denial, and shame. Therapy should move through 7 stages: denial, education, exploration, admission, acceptance, reassurance, and waiting. Cases of 2 18-yr-old males illustrate the problems of reactive homophobia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: developmental models of sexual confusion & reactive homophobia; 18–22 yr old males; treatment implications; Adolescent; Adult; Confusion; Denial (Psychology); Depressive Disorder; Gender Identity; Homosexuality; Humans; Internal-External Control; Male; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Behavior; Social Conformity; Suicide, Attempted; Homosexuality (Attitudes Toward); Human Males; Psychosexual Development; Self-Concept; Adult Development; Treatment

Reflections: Countertransference: Implications in treatment and post treatment - Horovitz-Darby, Ellen G. (The Arts in Psychotherapy, 1992)
Presents the author's personal account of her using art therapy to treat a lesbian couple, one of whom was deaf and suicidal and the other hearing. The dynamics of the case and afterthoughts written by the patient showed the author that countertransference had taken place. Therapeutic techniques included drawing, psychodrama, and clay sculpture. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: countertransference in art therapy; hearing 23 yr old & deaf 30 yr old lesbian couple; case report; Art Therapy; Countertransference; Deaf; Case Report; Lesbianism

A risk profile comparison of homeless youth involved in prostitution and homeless youth not involved - Yates, Gary L.; MacKenzie, Richard G.; Pennbridge, Julia; Swofford, Avon (Journal of Adolescent Health, 1991)
Assessed 620 initial visits of runaway/homeless youths to an outpatient medical clinic over 12 mo. Of these visits, 467 made by Ss not involved in prostitution (PRS) were compared with 153 visits by Ss who were involved. According to the data from an adolescent risk profile interview, homeless Ss involved in PRS are at greater risk for a wide variety of medical problems and health-compromising behaviors, including drug abuse, suicide, and depression. The high level of multiple drug abuse, the greater likelihood of gay or bisexual male involvement, and a greater number of sexual partners place Ss involved in PRS at greater risk for contracting and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A high percentage of youths involved in PRS reported a previous history of sexual abuse, suggesting the need for intervention by the child protective service system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: involvement in prostitution; risk of medical & psychological problems & health compromising sex & other behaviors; runaway homeless 10–24 yr olds; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Health Status; Homeless Persons; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Los Angeles; Male; Prostitution; Risk Factors; Runaway Behavior; At Risk Populations; Disorders; Homeless; Psychosexual Behavior; Sex Work; Health Behavior; Mental Disorders; Runaway Behavior; Health Risk Behavior

Odds ratios for suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men - Pierce, Brandon (American Journal of Public Health, 2003)
Letter to the editor commenting on an article by Paul et al (see record [rid]2002-15460-011[/rid]) examining the lifetime prevalence and antecedents of suicidal ideation among gay and bisexual men. The article claims that subjects whose parents abused alcohol or drugs are more likely to attempt suicide, but the confidence interval for that odds ratio clearly overlaps 1, making the claim erroneous. In addition, 2 of the 4 questions stated in the introduction were not adequately addressed. However, the introduction of the article makes an interesting point concerning the proximal and distal relations to suicidality of antigay stresses and developmental life transitions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide attempts; psychosocial correlates; men who have sex with men; homosexuality; bisexuality; epidemiology; Bisexuality; Cohort Studies; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Suicide, Attempted; United States; Attempted Suicide; Bisexuality; Epidemiology; Male Homosexuality; Psychosocial Factors

Parent and peer attachment in early adolescent depression - Armsden, Gay C.; McCauley, Elizabeth; Greenberg, Mark T.; Burke, Patrick M.; Mitchell, Jeffrey R. (Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1990)
Examined the security of parent and peer attachment among 29 clinically depressed, 14 nondepressed psychiatric control, 52 nonpsychiatric control, and 12 nondepressed (Ss with resolved depression) 7–17 yr old adolescents. Measures included the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (G. C. Armsden and M. T. Greenberg, 1988) and the Children's Depression Inventory. Depressed Ss reported significantly less secure parent and peer attachment than nonpsychiatric controls. Attachment security of Ss with resolved depression was similar to that of nonpsychiatric controls. Among all Ss, security of attachment to parents was negatively correlated with severity of depression according to interview and self-report ratings. Less secure attachment to parents, but generally not to peers, was also related to more maladaptive attributional styles, presence of separation anxiety disorder, and history of suicidal ideation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: security of parent & peer attachment; depressed 7–17 yr olds; Adolescent; Anxiety, Separation; Child; Depressive Disorder; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Internal-External Control; Male; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations; Peer Group; Personality Tests; Suicide; Attachment Behavior; Major Depression; Parent Child Relations; Peer Relations

Suicide and HIV disease - Pugh, Kathryn; O'Donnell, I.; Catalan, J. (AIDS Care, 1993)
Reviews the literature on suicide in patients with HIV disease and discusses methodological problems encountered in studying the incidence of suicide in this population. A snowballing method was used to identify 6 cases of suicide in patients who were receiving treatment for HIV disease in a central London health district. The possible underdetection of suicides among AIDS patients is considered. The 6 cases (involving men aged 19–48 yrs) are described to illustrate the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of suicides. These include the choice of suicide method, the stage of the illness, past psychiatric history and suicide attempts, and recent losses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: clinical & psychosocial characteristics of suicide; male 19–48 yr olds with HIV or AIDS; England; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Depressive Disorder; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Homeless Persons; Homosexuality; Humans; Life Change Events; London; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sick Role; Social Environment; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; AIDS; HIV; Suicide; Psychosocial Factors

Review of Men's health, primary care: Clinics in office practice - O'Dowd, Tom (International Journal of Men's Health, 2008)
Reviews the book, Men's health, primary care: Clinics in office practice by Christopher A. Haines and Richard C. Wender (2006). Multi-authored books often stray from their theme. Haines and Wender are to be congratulated on keeping the book's 26 authors and 16 chapters in line with their attempts to review men's healthcare and how it is affected by biological and social influences. The chapters on African and Hispanic male behaviour and morbidity are insightful. The book identifies being male as a major health determinant and predictor of disease and mortality. Peter Cronholm's chapter on intimate partner violence is thoughtful. He points out that men are disproportionately victims of violence-related deaths from both homicide and suicide, with men committing the overwhelming majority of homicides in the United States and elsewhere. The author bravely argues that the one-dimensional approach to intimate partner violence, where males are the perpetrators and females are the victims, is rooted in the pro-feminist movement from the 1970s. However, men are also victims and perpetrators in heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual relationships. This book makes an important contribution to men's health in primary care practice and should be on the reading list of any physician who takes the health of men seriously. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: men health; primary care; clinics; office practice; Clinics; Health; Human Males; Primary Health Care

Models of development: Understanding risk in adolescence - Graber, Julia A.; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne (Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1995)
Presents 3 developmental models for understanding emerging sexuality and the challenges and risks that may be associated with different sexual orientations and identities in adolescence. The cumulative events, or simultaneous change models, are based on evidence that psychological, social role and context, and biological changes happening at the same time have cumulative effect on adjustment during adolescence. The accentuation model proposes that periods of transition, such as pubertal development, accentuate existing difficulties or magnify preexisting individual differences. The trajectory models incorporate importance of context of a transition for defining subsequent path of development. The identification of risk behaviors and protective factors and the balance between these elements of an adolescent's life is essential for predicting health outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: cumulative risks vs accentuation vs trajectory models of development & application to emerging sexuality & risk behavior; adolescents; Adolescent; Female; Gender Identity; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Personality Development; Psychosexual Development; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Suicide; Adolescent Development; Psychosexual Development; Risk Taking; Models

Rational suicide and AIDS: Considerations for the psychotherapist - Werth, James L. (The Counseling Psychologist, 1992)
Examines whether or not suicide may be considered a rational choice for a person with AIDS by reviewing the literature pertaining to suicide and persons with terminal illnesses. Also, physical and psychosocial factors that may be a part of a decision by a person with AIDS to commit suicide are explored. K. Siegel's (see record [rid]1987-01480-001[/rid]) criteria for a rational suicide are applied to the case of a person with AIDS. In addition, the role of the psychotherapist in the decision-making process is critically examined, as are some arguments against allowing suicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: rational suicide; patients wih AIDS; implications for psychotherapist's role in decision making process; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Age Factors; Attitude; Counseling; Decision Making; Depressive Disorder; Euthanasia, Passive; Family; Health Personnel; Homosexuality; Humans; Mental Competency; Motivation; Pain; Patients; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Right to Die; Social Values; Stereotyping; Stress, Psychological; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; Terminally Ill; AIDS; Psychotherapists; Suicide; Psychotherapeutic Processes

The power of a poem in the counseling office - Woytowich, Judy M. (School Counselor, 1994)
Discusses the use of poetry in school counseling. Free verse written by a student can often accelerate the counseling process. Three student poems are shown: a girl's poem about her father's death, a girl's expression of suicidal feelings, and another girl's expression of confusion about a gay person in her family. When students are shown the writings of other students, they are encouraged to write also. Often students can dictate poems to the counselor while working through their problems, and the typed copies can become cherished possessions. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: poetry in school counseling; students; Poetry; School Counseling

Erotomania in an adolescent male with concomitant gender identity issues - Ritchie, Blair (Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Journal de l'Académie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, 2009)
Erotomania is usually described as a disorder seen in adults. This article presents a case study of a sixteen year old male, John, who met his male senior, Fred, and he immediately believed that they were meant to be together. He denied any perceptual disturbances such as auditory hallucinations or other psychotic symptoms. John’s suicidal ideation was transient. John had also come to the conclusion that he had gender identity disorder (GID). He insisted that he felt like a female in a male body. He had no past psychiatric history and no active medical conditions. He had no known family history of mental illness. There was no history of abuse. Brief Conners ratings scales scores did not support a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was performed. John was admitted to the inpatient psychiatry unit for about one week. He participated in all ward activities which included an exercise group, a cognitive therapy group, psychoeducational groups, as well as an occupational therapy skills group. John’s belief seemed to decrease from delusional intensity to that of an overvalued idea with therapy alone over a very short period of time in the hospital environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: erotomania; adolescent males; gender identity disorder; cognitive therapy; psychotic symptoms; Adolescent Attitudes; Cognitive Therapy; Erotomania; Human Males; Gender Dysphoria; Psychiatric Symptoms

'Outpatient treatment planning: The adolescent patient': Comment - Trautman, Paul (Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1994)
Comments on the adolescent outpatient case reported by A. L. Berman (see record [rid]1995-30091-001[/rid]), questioning who is seeking the treatment and what the diagnosis and treatment actually are. The motives and upbringing of the mother are questioned and compared to the actions of the adolescent S. Many actions suggest a young man who is trying on differing social roles and probably has no fixed sexual orientation or identity. Treatment to date may suggest noncompliance with treatment recommendations or more benefit of treatment for the mother than the son. It is suggested that there are significant suggestions of psychopathology in both mother and son and that both require careful evaluation and treatment with more than one treatment approach. Treatment of the mother is recommended first, followed by treatment of the son, perhaps with medication, such as fluoxetine, and family therapy for both. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: history & outpatient treatment planning for suicide threat; 17 yr old male; commentary; Attempted Suicide; Psychotherapy; Clinical Judgment (Not Diagnosis); Outpatient Treatment

A controlled comparison of HIV and general medical referrals to a liaison psychiatry service - Ellis, David; Collis, I.; King, M. (AIDS Care, 1994)
Conducted a retrospective case-control study to compare the patterns of psychiatric illness and treatment in 70 patients referred to the psychiatric liaison service from the HIV/AIDS team in a London teaching hospital with 70 age- and sex-matched controls referred for psychiatric assessment from general medical and surgical wards or outpatient clinics. Organic, mood, adjustment, and personality disorders were the most common primary diagnoses. The rate of referral in the HIV group was 5 times that in the control group. 44% of the HIV group and 30% of the control group fulfilled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria for a secondary diagnosis of nonalcohol psychoactive substance abuse. A diagnosis of borderline personality disorder was made more often in the HIV group. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: patterns of psychiatric illness & treatment in psychiatric liaison service; HIV infected vs general medical referrals; England; Adult; Comorbidity; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Homosexuality; Humans; London; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Patient Care Team; Psychiatry; Referral and Consultation; Retrospective Studies; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Suicide, Attempted; Consultation Liaison Psychiatry; HIV; Medical Patients; Mental Disorders; Professional Referral

The Reality of Social Construction - Neimeyer, Robert A.; Neimeyer, Greg J.; Lyddon, William J.; Hoshmand, Lisa Tsoi (Contemporary Psychology, 1994)
Reviews the books, Collective Remembering by David Middleton and Derek Edwards (Eds.) (1990); Rhetoric in the Human Sciences by Herbert W. Simons (1989); Psychology and Postmodernism by Steinar Kvale (1992); Constructing Knowledge: Authority and Critique in Social Science by Lorraine Nencel and Peter Pels (Eds.) (1991); Everyday Understanding: Social and Scientific Implications by Gün R. Semin and Kenneth J Gergen (Eds.) (1990); Research and Reflexivity by Frederick Steier (Ed.) (1991); Therapy as Social Construction by Sheila McNamee and Kenneth J. Gergen (1990); Discursive Psychology by Derek Edwards and Jonathan Potter (1992); The Social Construction of Lesbianism by Celia Kitzinger (1987); and Texts of Identity by John Shotter and Kenneth J. Gergen (1989). To understand the central themes of these volumes it is useful to place them into relief (as the contributors themselves often do) against the backdrop of psychology conceived as a project of modernity. Embodying the Enlightenment faith in technological and human progress through the accumulation of legitimate knowledge, modern psychology concerns itself with the development of logical and empirical methods for discovering objective, verifiable facts about its specialized subject matter. If successful, such a research program is presumed to be increasingly unified and progressive, leading to the discovery of generalizable laws of human behavior whose validity is established by their correspondence with observable, extra-theoretical realities. At the core of this modern program is the belief in a knowable world, and with it, a knowable self. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: social construction; postmodernism; social sciences; Postmodernism; Social Processes; Social Sciences; Self-Concept

'The effects of bullying and peer victimization on sexual-minority and heterosexual youths: A quantitative meta-analysis of the literature': Corrigendum - Fedewa, Alicia L.; Ahn, Soyeon (Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 2012)
Reports an error in 'The effects of bullying and peer victimization on sexual-minority and heterosexual youths: A quantitative meta-analysis of the literature' by Alicia L. Fedewa and Soyeon Ahn (Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 2011[Jul], Vol 7[4], 398-418). In the original article, several statistical errors have been reported: On p. 409 (k, number of effect sizes), psychological outcomes for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt should be 3 and 5, respectively. On p. 410, confidence intervals (CIs) for hostile school climates should be 1.17 and 1.39; CIs for lack of social support should be 1.29 and 2.24. On p. 411, confidence intervals (CIs) for age should be flipped in Table 4: correct CIs for r under 17 years old are .29 and .40 and CIs for r over 17 years old are .10 and .19. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2011-18363-006[/rid]). This study is a comprehensive, quantitative synthesis of the literature examining the effects of homophobic bullying on both sexual-minority and heterosexual youths’ psychological outcomes. The final analysis included 16 published and 2 unpublished studies from around the world, totaling 81 effect sizes. Various study characteristics were coded to assess moderator effects, but only age of youth was found to play a significant role between bullying and detrimental outcomes for youths. Results demonstrated that sexual-minority youths experience significantly more bullying and victimization than do heterosexual peers and that these hostile experiences contribute to a number of negative outcomes for sexual-minority youths. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: victimization; peer relation; bullying effects; heterosexuality; adolescent development; sexual minority; Homosexuality; Minority Groups; Peer Relations; Victimization; Bullying; Adolescent Development; Heterosexuality; Sexual Minority Groups

Review of Cultural diversity and suicide: Ethnic, religious, gender, and sexual orientation perspectives - Campbell, Michael H. (Traumatology, 2008)
Reviews the book, Cultural diversity and suicide: Ethnic, religious, gender, and sexual orientation perspectives by M. M. Leach (see record [rid]2006-21976-000[/rid]). Organizationally, the book comprises a brief general introduction to suicidology and crisis intervention. Subsequent chapters are organized by group: European Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. The title of the book is sufficiently broad to suggest a global focus, but prospective readers should be aware that the book covers only groups living in the United States. Some organizational aspects detract from the effectiveness of the text. The writing is ponderous at times, in part as a function of a repetitive organizational structure and in part because of style. This book is an important read for researchers and practitioners who wish to acquire culturally informed and competent skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: cultural diversity; suicide; ethnic perspectives; religion; gender perspectives; sexual orientation perspectives; Culture (Anthropological); Ethnic Identity; Sexual Orientation; Suicide; Cultural Diversity; Blacks; South Asian Cultural Groups; Latinos/Latinas

Characteristics of HIV-infected patients in an inpatient psychiatric setting - Wiener, Pauline K.; Schwartz, Michael A.; O'Connell, Ralph A. (Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 1994)
Studied 91 patients (aged 13–60 yrs) with HIV admitted over a 5-yr period for acute psychiatric care in an inpatient setting. The average number of hospitalization days was 21.4 for asymptomatic HIV-positive Ss and 31.9 for Ss with AIDS-related complex or AIDS. Suicidal thoughts/attempt was the most common reason for hospital admission. The 2 most common diagnostic categories were organic mental syndrome and substance abuse/dependence. 45% of Ss either initiated their discharges or drastically improved without the use of psychotropic medications. It is suggested that outpatient psychiatric facilities can provide psychiatric care for HIV-infected patients seeking it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: clinical characteristics; HIV infected 13–60 yr olds in inpatient psychiatric setting; Adult; Brain; Comorbidity; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Homosexuality; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress, Psychological; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Client Characteristics; HIV; Psychiatric Hospitalization

Feminist therapy for Asian American Women? - True, Reiko Homma (Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2008)
Reviews the book, Feminist reflections on growth and transformation: Asian American women in therapy by Debra M. Kawahara and Oliva M. Espin (2007). This book, edited by Kawahara and Espin, is a welcome contribution to the feminist psychotherapy literature, providing much needed information and discussion of issues involving Asian American women. What is exciting about the book is that it includes discussions about issues faced by groups neglected in previous publications, including Indians, South Asians, Filipinas, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders, and lesbians. It also highlights specific clinical issues of Asian American women, such as suicide, domestic violence, marital conflicts, and eating disorders-topics that are viewed as stigmatizing in the family and community and for which help seeking is often discouraged. The contributors' descriptions of their work are rich, informative, and provide helpful suggestions for all clinicians, including Asian American feminist clinicians and educators. There are topics not covered in the book that may motivate others to publish additional materials, such as South Eastern Asian women and refugee issues, sexual minority groups, and treatment discussions of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse. Although all contributors make persuasive arguments for adapting a feminist therapeutic orientation for Asian American women, we need to remember that our responsibility is always to accommodate the needs of our clients and not to become too attached to any particular theoretical orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: feminist therapy; Asian American Women; clinicians; Asians; Clinicians; Feminist Therapy

The influence of mental health problems on AIDS-related risk behaviors in young adults - Stiffman, Arlene R.; Doré, Peter; Earls, Felton; Cunningham, Renee (Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1992)
Explored how symptoms of mental health problems influence acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related risk behaviors, and how changes in those symptoms relate to risk behaviors engaged in by young adults. Repeated interviews with 602 youths from 1984 to 1990 provide a history of change in behaviors. Mental health symptoms during adolescence were associated with higher numbers of risk behaviors (specifically, prostitution, use of iv drugs, and choice of a high-risk sex partner) during young adulthood. Changes in mental health symptoms between adolescence and young adulthood were related to the number of risk behaviors engaged in by young adulthood. Findings show that prevention and treatment of mental health problems are important components of preventive interventions for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in high-risk teens and young adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: symptoms of mental disorders; AIDS related drug abuse & psychosexual risk behavior; adolescents; 6 yr study; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Alcoholism; Anxiety Disorders; Attitude to Health; Depressive Disorder; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Prostitution; Psychology, Adolescent; Risk-Taking; Sampling Studies; Sexual Partners; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Suicide; Urban Population; AIDS; Mental Disorders; Risk Taking; Symptoms; Drug Abuse; Longitudinal Studies; Psychosexual Behavior

Review of Gibberish: A Bipolar Survival Story - Geller, Jeffrey L. (Psychiatric Services, 2005)
Reviews the book, 'Gibberish: A Bipolar Survival Story,' by Scott James Jordan. The subtitle of the book gives readers an idea of what the book is about but does not inform them that the author has AIDS and comes from a family with a genetic loading for suicide; Jordan's mother, maternal grandmother, and maternal uncle all committed suicide. At the time he wrote this book, he was the beneficiary of more than 20 years of therapy. The author, the youngest of four children, carries his tale from his early childhood right up through 2002. His cornucopia of struggles began early: puberty, alcohol, drugs, and the discovery that he was homosexual, coupled with mental illness, grief, and no self esteem. The autobiography recounts not only the symptoms and costs of his psychopathologies, addictions, and sexually transmitted diseases but also their treatments. The are some problems with the book. The editing and proofreading leave something to be desired; most annoying are the misspellings of brand names of medications. The author stays emotionally distant from his subject but does recount in a successfully cerebral fashion a common triad of our era, axis I disorders (mental illness and substance abuse), homosexuality, and AIDS. This triad is at the heart of his tale and makes this book a worthwhile read for undergraduate and graduate students who may not yet have encountered, either personally or professionally, a Scott Jordan. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: bipolar disorder; psychopathology; addiction; sexually transmitted diseases; homosexuality; therapeutics; Autobiography; Bipolar Disorder; Homosexuality; Mental Health Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; AIDS

Christian Psychiatry: The impact of evangelical belief on clinical practice - Galanter, Marc; Larson, David; Rubenstone, Elizabeth (The American Journal of Psychiatry, 1991)
Surveyed 193 psychiatrists in the Christian Psychiatry movement (CPM) to assess the role of religious belief in their practices. Ss were somewhat more religious than Americans overall, who are themselves more religious than most psychiatrists. Nearly all reported having been 'born again,' after which they experienced a decrease in emotional distress. There was a significant difference in Ss affiliative feelings toward psychiatrists in the CPM and other psychiatrists. For acute schizophrenic or manic episodes, Ss considered psychotropic medication the most effective treatment, but they rated the Bible and prayer more highly for suicidal intent, grief reaction, sociopathy, and alcoholism. 49% of the Ss said they would discourage strongly religious patients from an abortion, homosexual acts, or premarital sex, and 28% said they would discourage other patients from these activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: role of religious belief in clinical practice; psychiatrists in Christian Psychiatry movement; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Bible; Christianity; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Professional Practice; Psychiatry; Religion and Medicine; Religion and Psychology; Societies; Christianity; Clinical Practice; Psychiatry; Religious Beliefs; Therapist Attitudes; Psychiatrists

Suicide prevention: The global context - Blaauw, Eric; Kraaij, Vivian (Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 1997)
The XIXth Congress of the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) took place in Adelaide, Australia, on March 23-27, 1997, and had as its title 'Suicide prevention: The global context.' A wide variety of topics were covered, including suicides in indigenous groups, euthanasia and assisted suicide, suicide and the media, adolescent suicidal behavior, elderly suicides, suicides in detention, cognitive behavioral therapy, gay and lesbian suicides, and prevention and postvention programs. In addition, state-of-the art presentations were given about such countries as Japan, Australia, India, Pakistan, Lithuania, Estonia, Norway, Finland, Hungary, New Zealand, Belgium, and The Netherlands. The varied backgrounds of the speakers underlined that the issue of suicide requires a multidisciplinary approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide prevention; global context; suicide; Congress of the International Association for Suicide Prevention; Global Health; Humans; Suicide; Globalization; Professional Organizations; Scientific Communication; Suicide; Suicide Prevention

Health concerns of adolescents who are in a sexual minority (The Lancet, 2011)
Growing up is never easy. Among the many challenges that adolescents face is the development of sexual orientation and identity. Compared with their peers, adolescence is an even more difficult period for sexual minorities. The risky behaviors included: behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; attempted suicide; tobacco and alcohol use; unprotected sexual behaviors; poor weight management; and physical inactivity. Understanding the reasons for the increased prevalence of risky behaviors in this group is necessary to identify effective interventions. Unfortunately, neither the report nor the few available data are able to provide explanations for these behaviors. Large longitudinal studies with rigorous methods are needed. Moreover, although the report calls for the development of public health as well as school health policies and practices to reduce risky behaviors in students in sexual minorities, it ignores another important role—that of health professionals. Health professionals' knowledge of patients' sexual orientation is an important predictor of the physical and mental health issues that some young people experience. Health professionals should inquire sensitively about sexual orientation and sexual behaviors in all adolescent patients, and ensure confidentiality. A safe and supportive clinical environment addressing the unique needs of adolescents who are in a sexual minority must be established. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: health concerns; sexual minority; sexual orientation; sexual behaviors; public health; mental health; effective interventions; risky behaviors; Intervention; Mental Health; Psychosexual Behavior; Public Health; Sexual Orientation; Health; Risk Assessment; Sexual Minority Groups

Gender identity disorders and bipolar disorder associated with the ring Y chromosome - Mouaffak, Faycal; Gallarda, Thierry; Baup, Nicolas; Olié, Jeran-Pierre; Krebs, Marie-Odile (The American Journal of Psychiatry, 2007)
We report the case of a patient carrying a Y chromosomal abnormality associated with gender identity disorder and comorbid bipolar II disorder. 'Mr. G' was a 31-year-old, single, bank manager who was first referred in May 2000 for depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts precipitated by the accidental death of his sister and the failure of a heterosexual relationship. Gender identity disorder was diagnosed. After a few months, Mr G experienced a hypomanic episode with mood lability and began wearing eccentric women's clothing in public and insisted on receiving female sex steroid hormones and sex change surgery. At admission, the patient met criteria for bipolar II disorder. A biological examination revealed a disturbed hormonal profile with an elevated follicle stimulating hormone level; a normal testosterone level; and an abnormal karyotype with a mosaicism (45, X[2]/ 46, X, r(Y)[23]), which showed one cell line presenting the ring Y chromosome. The ring Y chromosome is usually associated with deletions in telomeric regions. Several genes on the Y chromosome could account for this complex developmental phenotype that associates gender identity disorder and bipolar disorders with schizoid-like personality and speech delay. Concerning our case study, further genetic explorations are warranted in order to determine the extent of genetic anomalies associated with the ring Y chromosome, which could help to establish the possible genetic, predisposing factors to gender identity disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gender identity disorders; Y chromosome; comorbid bipolar II disorder; depressive symptoms; sex change surgery; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Comorbidity; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Ring Chromosomes; Transsexualism; Bipolar Disorder; Chromosomes; Major Depression; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Reassignment; Bipolar II Disorder

Heroin addiction and criminality - Sahni, Sanjeev P. (Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 1992)
Studied the relationship between criminality and heroin addiction in 100 male heroin addicts (aged 20–40 yrs) and 100 matched controls. Ss were drawn from addiction centers of Northern India. Heroin addicts committed a vast amount of crime (e.g., murders, physical assualt, suicide, homosexuality, eve teasing, adultery, thefts), and most of these crimes were directly related to the purchase of drugs. Chronic heroin addiction seems to be an integral part of the national crime problem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: criminal behavior; heroin addicted male 20–40 yr olds; India; Crime; Heroin Addiction

Evidence-based suicide prevention - Peebles-Wilkins, Wilma (Children & Schools, 2006)
Youth suicide, a leading cause of death, continues to be a serious public health and social concern in our society. Mental health professionals working in educational settings are still challenged by the potential for youth suicide. For youths between ages 15 and 24, suicide is more likely than any other reason to be the cause of death. Risk factors associated with suicide include biological predisposition, depression, substance abuse, sexual orientation-related factors, poor coping and interpersonal skills, stressful life events, and suicide in the family history. In this final editorial as editor-in-chief, I am urging mental health professionals working in educational settings to get involved, as appropriate, in the implementation of evidence-based youth suicide prevention programs and to explore grant-funded school-based programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: evidence based practice; suicide prevention; social concern; public health; society; risk factors; school based programs; Evidence Based Practice; Public Health; Risk Factors; School Based Intervention; Suicide Prevention; Mental Health; Society; Suicide

A review of the short-term effects of child sexual abuse - Beitchman, Joseph H.; Zucker, Kenneth J.; Hood, Jane E.; DaCosta, Granville A.; Akman, Donna (Child Abuse & Neglect, 1991)
Reviews 42 studies on the short- and long-term effects of child sexual abuse. The majority of short-term effects in the literature are symptoms that characterize child clinical samples in general. Among adolescents, commonly reported sequelae include sexual dissatisfaction, promiscuity, homosexuality, and an increased risk for revictimization. Depression and suicidal ideation or behavior also appear to be more common among victims of sexual abuse. Frequency and duration of abuse; abuse involving penetration, force, or violence; and a close relationship to the perpetrator appear to be the most harmful in terms of long-lasting effects on the child. The high prevalence of marital breakdown and psychopathology among parents of children who are sexually abused makes it difficult to determine the specific impact of sexual abuse over and above the effects of a disturbed home environment. (French & Spanish abstracts) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: abuse specific variables; short term effects of child sexual abuse; children & adolescents; literature review; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child, Preschool; Humans; Personality Development; Child Abuse; Early Experience; Literature Review; Sexual Abuse

Commentary on 'Adult Baby Syndrome' by Evcimen and Gratz (2006) - Dickey, Robert (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2007)
Comments on an article by H. Evcimen and S. Gratz (see record [rid]2006-07922-002[/rid]). The authors described a symptom cluster that they labeled 'Adult Baby Syndrome.' In the writer's opinion, the case they described is more likely to have been sexually motivated or sexual in origin, despite the history of concurrent, rather atypical psychotic phenomena. It may well be then that there is, in autoerotic disorders in general, a hierarchy of related phenomena paralleling transvestic fetishism and autogynephilia. Such a hierarchy could be conceptualized and articulated as fetishism, autoerotic paraphilia, and finally autoerotic paraphilia with varying degrees of dysphoria, which-in the most severe cases-involves attempts to alter physical and social characteristics to conform to the individual's autoerotic sexual preference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adult Baby Syndrome; symptom cluster; psychiatric classification; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Antipsychotic Agents; Hallucinations; Humans; Obsessive Behavior; Play and Playthings; Suicide, Attempted; Syndrome; Psychodiagnostic Typologies; Symptoms; Syndromes; Regression (Defense Mechanism)

Virginia Woolf: The feminine self - Panken, Shirley (The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1990)
Virginia Woolf equated writing with images of fertility and motherhood, experiences of which she felt deprived. The unavailability of her mother became the substrate of Woolf's fragility of self and did not create optimal conditions for resolution of issues concerning separation, individuation, and object constancy. Events leading up to Woolf's successful suicide attempt are described, including her marriage, her breakdown, body delusions, anorectic episode, near lethal suicide attempt 1 yr after marriage, and same-sex love affair with Vita Sackville West. Excerpts from her novels illustrate Woolf's portrayal of inner conflicts in the characters she created. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: V. Woolf's search for feminine self through writing; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Identification (Psychology); Literature, Modern; Personality Development; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Social Conditions; Social Environment; Social Values; Artists; Femininity; Literature; Psychosexual Development; Psychohistory

More than the Sum of their Sex Lives - Persico, Connell F. (Contemporary Psychology, 1993)
Reviews the book, Gay Culture in America: Essays from the Field edited by Gilbert Herdt (1992). As members of the gay and lesbian community become more open and more active in relation to this aspect of their selves, consciousness is raised about what the contexts and contours of gay life are. So we become painfully aware that 'the highest rate of youth suicide is among gay and lesbian youth who cannot deal with the stress and lack of support they find in an often hostile world' and 'that anti-gay and anti-lesbian violence has risen consistently throughout the last decade.' Herdt and his colleagues break out of those constructs and present a series of eight essays that are nonapologetic, affirming, and powerful in their descriptions of the richness of what it is to be gay in America today. This is then an inspirational volume, which holds out hope that the mass society can gain perspective and move out of the simplistic categorizations that suggest all gay men and lesbians are alike. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gay men; gay culture; America; society; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality; Society

Re: Psychiatric presentation of adolescent homosexuality - Hussain, Seema; Roberts, Nasreen (The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1998)
Describes the case of a 16-yr-old male first seen for depression and suicidality. He was started on paroxetine and attended an outpatient psychotherapy group for depressed adolescents. Six mo later he was rereferred by his family physician to rule out bipolar disorder. He revealed that he was struggling with issues around sexual orientation (i.e., homosexuality). He was referred to a therapist specializing in this area, and continues to see the therapist without complaints of mood disturbance. The authors highlight the importance of early recognition and appropriate intervention for adolescents with gender and sexuality issues to prevent psychiatric misdiagnosis and the use of psychoactive medication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: early recognition & appropriate intervention to prevent psychiatric misdiagnosis & misuse of psychoactive medication; 16 yr old male with sexuality issues presenting with depression & suicidality; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Depressive Disorder; Gender Identity; Homosexuality, Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Psychopathology; Homosexuality; Major Depression; Misdiagnosis; Suicide; Client Treatment Matching; Drug Therapy; Early Intervention; Psychodiagnosis

Difficulties inherent in certifying people with gender dysphoria - Feinberg, Michael (Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1999)
Discusses the aeromedical certification implications of gender dysphoria and presents the case of a 43-yr-old airman undergoing gender transformation. The patient's history of major depression and a suicide attempt and presentation with gender dysphoria is discussed, as is the fact that, in itself, gender dysphoria is does not disqualify an individual from aeromedical certification. The author goes on to describe the process of gender transition, and recommends the institution of an observation period due to the potent effects of high-dose estrogen and testosterone on the psyche. The author also indicates the involvement of a new developmental process in fully adapting to their new gender identity, likening this period to the emotionally and physically unstable period of adolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gender dysphoria & emotional & physical adjustment to transsexual identity; male-to-female aeromedical certification candidate; Adult; Aerospace Medicine; Certification; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Disability Evaluation; Humans; Male; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide, Attempted; Transsexualism; Emotional Adjustment; Gender Identity; Transsexualism; Gender Dysphoria; Air Force Personnel; Personnel Evaluation

Risk of suicide in twins: 51 year follow up study - Tomassini, Cecilia; Juel, Knud; Holm, Niels V; Skytthe, Axel; Christensen, Kaare (BMJ: British Medical Journal, 2003)
Strong family ties and commitments are known to be important in the prevention of suicide. The presence of siblings, however, has rarely been looked at in studies of suicide or attempted suicide. A Danish register study found no protective effect associated with having siblings, but neither the age nor the sex of siblings was considered. Twins represent a unique sibling relationship. They not only share the same family and social environment at least for the first part of their lives, but they also show a higher level of closeness both in terms of the number of years spent together before leaving the parental home and in the frequency of contacts afterwards. We investigated whether the suicide rate in twins was different to that in the general population. Through the population based Danish twin registry we identified same sex twins born from 1870 to 1930 and established date and cause of death from 1943 to 1993 through the Danish registry of causes of death. We included 21,653 individual twins alive on January 1943, 13,318 (62%) of whom died during the follow up. As previously reported the twin cohorts had a mortality pattern similar to that in the general population. However, twins had a substantially lower suicide rate compared with the general population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sibling relationship; suicide rate; attempted suicide; twin cohorts; family relations; suicide prevention; at risk populations; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Family; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Suicide; Attempted Suicide; Sibling Relations; Suicide; Suicide Prevention; Twins; At Risk Populations

Gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: A critical challenge to counselors - Coleman, Eli; Remafedi, Gary (Journal of Counseling & Development, 1989)
Meeting the health care needs of gay, lesbian, and bisexual teenagers has become a public health imperative that challenges mental health professionals. The stigma of homosexuality often gives rise to psychosocial problems for adolescents, who are in the process of sexual identity development. The stigma complicates delivery of appropriate, ethical, and sound mental health treatment. Suggestions are offered to support healthy development, to assist recovery from stigma, and to avert the disastrous consequences of suicide and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: health care delivery; gay & lesbian & bisexual adolescents; implications for suicide & AIDS prevention; Bisexuality; Health Care Delivery; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality; AIDS; Prevention; Suicide Prevention

Adolescent psychiatry: The annuals of the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry (Volume 26, Developmental and Clinical Studies) - Flaherty, Lois T. (Family Therapy, 2002)
Review of book: Lois T. Flaherty (Ed.). Adolescent Psychiatry: The Annals of the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry (Volume 26, Developmental and Clinical Studies). Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, 2002, 344 pp. The following abstract is provided. Volume 26 of The Annals begins with essays that address the challenge of maintaining human connections in a biological century; Philip Katz focuses on the human encounter between therapist and patient whereas Vivian Rakoff emphasizes the continuing identity of the healer throughout history. Papers on adolescent development, which challenge readers to look beyond preconceived ideas, include Robert Galatzer-Levy's examination of adolescence as a social construction expressed in contradictory cultural narratives and Jack Drescher's exploration of the developmental narratives of gay men in order to illuminate the seeming invisibility of gay adolescents. A section dedicated to 'Trauma, Violence, and Suicide' explores interventions with special groups of high-risk adolescents, including violent offenders, suicide attempters, and adolescent refugees. A special section on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorders includes a debate on whether or not conduct disorder is actually a valid diagnosis.... (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: adolescent psychiatry; Adolescent Psychiatry

'Sexual orientation and suicide risk among teenagers': Reply - Zametkin, Alan J. (JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 2002)
Comments on R. S. Bobrow's (see record [rid]2002-02172-003[/rid]) comment on an article by A. J. Zametkin, M. R. Alter, and T. Yemini (see record [rid]2001-09845-002[/rid]), which discussed various aspects of suicide in teenagers and presented the case of a 16-yr-old female with Osgood-Schlatter disease that committed suicide. Bobrow argued that a significant risk factor neglected by Zametkin et al in their article is sexual orientation. The author agrees that bisexual and homosexual teenagers are at greater risk for suicide attempts, but points out that 2 points are unclear: (1) whether bisexual or homosexual teenagers complete suicide more frequently than do heterosexual teenagers, and (2) whether Bobrow's suggestion of developing specific interventions designed for this population might reduce the high rate of attempts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: teen suicide; risk factors; psychiatric factors; familial factors; genetic factors; social factors; assessment; management; prevention; sexual orientation; homosexual adolescents; bisexual adolescents; Risk Factors; Sexual Orientation; Suicide; Suicide Prevention; Risk Assessment; Bisexuality; Family Relations; Genetics; Homosexuality; Psychosocial Factors; Risk Management

Response to 'Sexual orientation and suicide: A comment on Renaud et al' - Renaud, Johanne; Berlim, Marcelo T.; Turecki, Gustavo (The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2010)
Responds to Zhao et al.'s comments (see record [rid]2011-13267-015[/rid]) on the current author's original article (see record [rid]2011-13261-003[/rid]) that examined same-sex orientation as a risk factor for suicide among adolescents. The authors discuss the possibility that same-sex orientation was underrepresented in the control group in the original article and caution that there were several limitations to the original study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sexual orientation; gender identity; suicide victims; Gender Identity; Sexual Orientation; Suicide

Review of Blackwell handbook of adolescence - Sweeting, Helen (British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2004)
Reviews the book 'Blackwell handbook of adolescence,' Edited by Gerald R. Adams and Michael D. Berzonsky (see record [rid]2003-00784-000[/rid]). The book is divided into five sections: first, biological and genetic processes; second, the social context (religion, family, sports and leisure, work and careers, school, college); third, developmental patterns and processes (autonomy, identity, cognitive, moral, emotional and self-concept/esteem); fourth, personal relationships (romantic, friendships, unrelated adults, sexuality, sexual-minority relationships); and finally, problem behaviours (pregnancy and childbearing, substance, conduct problems, running away, crime, eating disorders, depression and suicide, sexually transmitted diseases). In respect of coverage, it is usually easy for specialist readers to identify areas in very broad texts which they think could be expanded. The blurb on the dust cover suggests that as well as forming the basis for university courses on adolescents and as a reference for academics who wish to keep up to date, parents of adolescents may find the material informative of the nature of adolescence. While the second of these statements is definitely true, and the first may be, it is difficult to imagine many parents dipping into this book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: adolescent development; gender differences; sex differences; psychosocial factors; socioeconomic status; cultural issues; ethnic issues; genetics factors; problem behavior; Adolescent Development; Behavior Problems; Genetics; Human Sex Differences; Psychosocial Factors; Racial and Ethnic Differences; Sociocultural Factors

Follow-up report: Self-amputation of the nipples and penis in a nonpsychotic, non-gender-dysphoric man - Tsao, Carol I. Ping (Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 2010)
We published a case-report of self-amputation of the nipples and penis in a nonpsychotic, non-genderdysphoric man. We are grateful to your readership for their interest in the piece. With sadness, we now provide a follow-up report. Within a year of the submission of our case report, the patient committed suicide by mixed overdose. At no time did he engage in any form of outpatient psychiatric treatment. During the month before his death, he made three telephone calls to the hospital during non-business hours; the subject related to ongoing shoulder pain and perceived inadequate medical treatment. We conclude that a pattern of increasingly severe genital self-mutilation, emotional disconnection from these acts, and failure to engage in psychiatric treatment foreboded the poorest prognosis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: self amputation; nipples; penis; nonpsychotic men; non gender dysphoric men; suicide; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nipples; Penis; Self Mutilation; Suicide; Amputation; Major Depression; Psychiatric Symptoms; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide; Human Males; Penis; Psychosomatic Medicine

The transsexual syndrome in males: II Secondary transsexualism - Person, Ethel; Ovesey, Lionel (American Journal of Psychotherapy, 1974)
Discusses secondary transsexualism in males, which develops after sustained periods of either active homosexuality or transvestism. The case histories of 10 male applicants for sex reassignment, 5 homosexuals and 5 transvestites, were studied. It is hypothesized that male transsexualism represents an unconscious wish for symbiotic fusion with the mother to allay unresolved separation anxiety. Primary transsexuals are essentially asexual and progress toward a transsexual resolution without significant deviation either heterosexually or homosexually. Secondary transsexuals are effeminate homosexuals and transvestites, who develop transsexualism as a regressive phenomenon under conditions of stress. The etiology and recommended treatment are discussed. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: etiology & treatment; secondary transsexualism; case histories of male applicants for sex reassignment & homosexuals & transvestites; Adult; Depression; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Paternal Behavior; Personality; Psychotherapy; Suicide; Transsexualism; Transvestism; Etiology; Male Homosexuality; Transsexualism; Transvestism

On reliability and cultural competence in studies of sexual minority suicidality - Mathy, Robin M. (American Journal of Public Health, 2002)
Comments on the article of J. P. Paul et al (see record [rid]2002-15460-011[/rid]) concerning the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts and psychosocial correlates in men who have sex with men. The assertion of Paul that literature concerning sexual orientation and suicide risks has been 'primarily based on opportunistic samples' is neither new nor correct. Paul et al also addressed another important aspect of generalizability, age cohort effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: suicide attempts; psychosocial correlates; men who have sex with men; homosexuality; bisexuality; epidemiology; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bisexuality; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Sexual Harassment; Suicide, Attempted; United States; Urban Population; Attempted Suicide; Bisexuality; Epidemiology; Male Homosexuality; Psychosocial Factors; Suicidality; Sexual Minority Groups

Increasing Communication Among Researchers and Clinicians Interested in Adolescence - Stanger, Catherine (Contemporary Psychology, 1995)
The reviewer notes that this edited volume (see record [rid]1993-98718-000[/rid]) seeks to bridge the gap between the research and clinical communities interested in adolescents. The editors note that these communities have become increasingly segregated, developing two distinct literatures. The editors argue that to be effective, clinical work must integrate empirical findings and that clinical utility is one important criterion for judging the merit of research. The book is divided into four parts that represent the work of a diverse group of researchers and clinicians. Part One addresses developmental issues in adolescence. Part Two covers the contexts of adolescent development, including expected contexts such as the family, school, and peers, as well as more unique contexts such as diversity, gay and lesbian youth, and the legal system. Part Three includes chapters on adolescent behavioral-emotional problems (antisocial behavior, depression and suicidal behavior, and schizophrenia) and types of treatment approaches (outpatient, alternative, preventative, and residential). The two chapters in Part Four concern policy issues. The book as a whole provides a picture of adolescent behavior that expands outward from the individual to the family to the broader social context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: researchers; clinicians; adolescence; adolescent development; behavioral problems; emotional problems; treatment; social context; Adolescent Development; Affective Disorders; Experimentation; Treatment; Behavior Problems; Clinicians