Date: 06-13-2022 Authors: K. J. Roeten, S. W. Bougher Title: M-GITM datasets used for a modeling study of the mean impacts of subgrid-scale gravity waves on thermospheric velocities and temperatures at Mars. Associated Publication: Roeten, K. J., Bougher, S. W., Yigit, E., Medvedev, A. S., Benna, M., Elrod, M. K. (2022). Impacts of gravity waves in the Martian thermosphere: The Mars Global Ionosphere- Thermosphere Model coupled with a whole atmosphere gravity wave scheme. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Overview: The datasets included here are output from M-GITM (Mars Global Ionosphere- Thermosphere Model), a 3-D ground-to-exosphere numerical model (Bougher et al., 2015). They were created for a study of the impacts of subgrid-scale gravity waves on the thermosphere. Methods: The provided set of M-GITM datasets include results from simulations of the Mars atmosphere which utilize the gravity wave parameterization scheme of Yigit et al. (2008) (i.e., labeled "withgw") and simulations that do not utilize this scheme (i.e., labeled "nogw"). Some of these datasets were specifically generated to be used in comparison with either wind or temperature datasets from the MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) / NGIMS (Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer) instrument. These MAVEN/NGIMS datasets are publicly available and can be found on the Planetary Data System at http://pds- atmospheres.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MAVEN/ngims.html. Files with three different formats of M-GITM output are included. Those labeled "ZonalAvg" include M-GITM output that has been zonally and temporally averaged (over 15 days). Files labeled "WindExtraction" or "TempExtraction" contain wind or temperature profiles, respectively, extracted along the same latitude, local time, and altitude trajectory flown by MAVEN for the time period simulated by M-GITM. These extractions (i.e. flythroughs) are not averaged, and include M-GITM output corresponding to each orbit in the MAVEN observational campaign. Files (13 total): MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270nogw.csv MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270withgw.csv MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls180nogw.csv MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270withgw.csv MGITM_ZonalAvg_sourceflux1.csv MGITM_ZonalAvg_sourceflux2.csv MGITM_ZonalAvg_wavelength.csv MGITM_WindExtraction_Jan2017_nogw.csv MGITM_WindExtraction_Jan2017_withgw.csv MGITM_WindExtraction_May2017_nogw.csv MGITM_WindExtraction_May2017_withgw.csv MGITM_TempExtraction_DD2_nogw.csv MGITM_TempExtraction_DD2_withgw.csv File Description: MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270nogw.csv: Simulation for a Ls=270 solstice (11-28-2016). Output has been zonally and temporally averaged over a 15-day period. Run without utilizing the gravity wave scheme. MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270withgw.csv: Simulation for a Ls=270 solstice (11-28-2016). Output has been zonally and temporally averaged over a 15-day period. Run WITH the gravity wave scheme included. MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls180nogw.csv: Simulation for a Ls=180 equinox (05-22-2018). Output has been zonally and temporally averaged over a 15-day period. Run without utilizing the gravity wave scheme. MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls180withgw.csv: Simulation for a Ls=180 equinox (05-22-2018). Output has been zonally and temporally averaged over a 15-day period. Run WITH the gravity wave scheme included. MGITM_ZonalAvg_sourceflux1.csv: Sensitivity test simulation for the Ls=270 solstice (11-28-2016). Everything within the simulation is kept the same as for the MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270withgw.csv case, except for changing the maximum source flux parameter within the gravity wave scheme from 0.0025 m2/s2 to 0.00025 m2/s2. The maximum source flux parameter helps determine the shape of the momentum spectra used at the starting level for the gravity wave scheme within the model. See Roeten et al. (2022) and sources within for more details. MGITM_ZonalAvg_sourceflux2.csv: Sensitivity test simulation for the Ls=270 solstice (11-28-2016). Everything within the simulation is kept the same as for the MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270withgw.csv case, except for changing the maximum source flux parameter within the gravity wave scheme from 0.0025 m2/s2 to 0.005 m2/s2. The maximum source flux parameter helps determine the shape of the momentum spectra used at the starting level for the gravity wave scheme within the model. See Roeten et al. (2022) and sources within for more details. MGITM_ZonalAvg_wavelength.csv: Sensitivity test simulation for the Ls=270 solstice (11-28-2016). Everything within the simulation is kept the same as for the MGITM_ZonalAvg_Ls270withgw.csv case, except for changing the horizontal wavelength from 300 km to 200 km. This representative horizontal wavelength is used by all wave harmonics within the scheme. See Roeten et al. (2022) and sources within for more details. MGITM_WindExtraction_Jan2017_nogw.csv: Flythrough of the M-GITM simulation of the January 11-13, 2017 MAVEN/NGIMS wind observational campaign. This file contains each orbit of a 10-orbit M-GITM flythrough done for the time period and along the same local time, latitude, and altitude trajectory of the corresponding observational campaign by MAVEN to measure thermospheric winds. This M-GITM simulation does not include the gravity wave scheme. This M-GITM output has not been averaged. MGITM_WindExtraction_Jan2017_withgw.csv: Same as above for MGITM_WindExtraction_Jan2017_nogw.csv, but uses the gravity wave parameterization scheme in the model simulations. MGITM_WindExtraction_May2017_nogw.csv: Flythrough of the M-GITM simulation of the May 30 - June 1, 2017 MAVEN/NGIMS wind observational campaign. This file contains each orbit of a 10-orbit M-GITM flythrough done for the time period and along the same local time, latitude, and altitude trajectory of the corresponding observational campaign by MAVEN to measure thermospheric winds. This M-GITM simulation does not include the gravity wave scheme. This M-GITM output has not been averaged. MGITM_WindExtraction_May2017_withgw.csv: Same as above for MGITM_WindExtraction_May2017_nogw.csv, but uses the gravity wave parameterization scheme in the model simulations. MGITM_TempExtraction_DD2_nogw.csv: Flythrough of the M-GITM simulation of the Deep Dip 2 (DD2) MAVEN observational campaign from April 17-22, 2015. This file contains each orbit of a 28-orbit M-GITM flythrough done for the time period and along the same local time, latitude, and altitude trajectory of the corresponding observational campaign by MAVEN. Note: DD2 is not a NGIMS wind campaign, but one in which the typical NGIMS compositional measurements are taken; the corresponding M-GITM flythrough contains temperatures. This M-GITM simulation does not include the gravity wave scheme. This M-GITM output has not been averaged. MGITM_TempExtraction_DD2_withgw.csv: Same as above for MGITM_TempExtraction_DD2_nogw.csv:, but uses the gravity wave parameterization scheme in the model simulations. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zonal Averages ("ZonalAvg"): M-GITM zonally averaged results are on a regular GEO grid (Latitude-Altitude): Latitude (36 elements): -87.5 to 87.5 in a 5.0 degree interval Altitude (101 elements): 1.25 to 251.25 km in a 2.5 km interval Fields (9 for gravity wave cases, 6 for cases without gravity waves) 1) Altitudes (km) 2) Latitudes (degrees) 3) Density (kg/m3) 4) Temperature (K) 5) Zonal Wind (m/s) 6) Meridional Wind (m/s) 7) Zonal Gravity Wave Drag (m/s/sol) 8) Meridional Gravity Wave Drag (m/s/sol) 9) Net Gravity Wave Heating/Cooling (K/sol) File format: Each of these nine fields listed above are presented as a 2D matrix in latitude and altitude that have been concatenated on top of each other such that the long dimension of the matrix is 9x101 or 6x101, depending on whether it is a simulation that includes the effects of gravity waves. The first column contains an integer number which denotes the variable being viewed and is not actual model output. The values in this column correspond to the numbers in the list above. These files contain no headers. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wind Extractions ("WindExtraction"): Model flythroughs are extracted from M-GITM results which employ a regular GEO grid (Latitude-Longitude-Altitude). For wind extractions, the M-GITM output file corresponding to the time at which noon local time occurs at 0 degrees longitude was used. Flythrough profiles show this M-GITM output along the altitude, latitude, local time trajectory flown by the MAVEN spacecraft for specific orbits. Variables (7) - Orbit_num (Corresponding MAVEN orbit number) - Alt (Altitude, km) - Lat (Latitude, degrees) - LT (Local time, hr) - CO2 (CO2 number density, #/m3) - Zonal_Wind (Zonal wind, m/s) - Merid_Wind (Meridional wind, m/s) File format: Each variable is listed in a separate column. M-GITM profiles begin at the top of the inbound segment of the MAVEN orbit, go through periapsis, and end at the top of the outbound segment. The M-GITM output for each orbit has been concatenated on top of each other within this file, and can be distinguished by the orbit number in the first column. The first row in the file contains the header, which is composed of all the variable names listed above. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Temperature Extractions ("TempExtraction"): Model flythroughs are extracted from M-GITM results which employ a regular GEO grid (Latitude-Longitude-Altitude). Flythrough profiles show this M-GITM output along the altitude, latitude, local time trajectory flown by the MAVEN spacecraft for specific orbits. Variables (9) - Orbit_num (Corresponding MAVEN orbit number) - Alt (Altitude, km) - Lat (Latitude, degrees) - LT (Local time, hr) - Rho (Density, kg/km3) - Temp (Temperature, K) - CO2 (CO2 number density, #/m3) - O (O number density, #/m3) - He (He number density, #/m3) File Format: Each variable is listed in a separate column. M-GITM profiles begin at the top of the inbound segment of the MAVEN orbit and end at the location of spacecraft periapsis. Since MAVEN/NGIMS derived temperature profiles typically only utilize the inbound segment of the orbit for data-analysis, only the inbound segment of the corresponding M-GITM extraction along MAVEN's trajectory has been included in these files. The M- GITM output for each orbit has been concatenated on top of each other within this file, and can be distinguished by the orbit number in the first column. The first row in the file contains the header, which is composed of all the variable names listed above. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Further M-GITM Simulation Details and Notes: - Model resolution: 5 x 5 degrees (latitude x longitude) in horizontal and 2.5 km in vertical - All M-GITM simulations are begun after a 20-day spin-up - FISM-Mars daily averaged solar EUV-UV flux dataset used in all simulations (a MAVEN/EUV L3 modeled data product publicly available on the Planetary Data System – http://doi.org/10.17189/1517691) - Altitude system in areodetic coordinates - Dust conditions: constant tau = 0.5 (for visible wavelengths), globally uniform Conrath parameter of 0.003 - Dynamical ionosphere: off - Crustal fields: off - Gravity wave scheme: In cases where it is used, standard parameter values: horizontal wavelength = 300 km, maximum source momentum flux = 0.0025 m2/s2, 30 wave harmonics with horizontal phase speeds from -80 to 80 m/s. References: Bougher, S. W., Pawlowski, D., Bell, J. M., Nelli, S., McDunn, T., Murphy, J. R., et al. (2015). Mars Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model: Solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations of the Mars upper atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 120, 311–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004715 Medvedev, A. S., Yigit, E., Hartogh, P., & Becker, E. (2011). Influence of gravity waves on the Martian atmosphere: General circulation modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 116 . doi: 10.1029/2011JE003848 Roeten, K. J., Bougher, S. W., Benna, M., Mahaffy, P. R., Lee, Y., Pawlowski, D., . . . Lopez- Valverde, M. A. (2019). MAVEN/NGIMS thermospheric neutral wind observations: Interpretation using the M-GITM general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 124 (12), 3283-3303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE005957 Yigit, E., Aylward, A. D., & Medvedev, A. S. (2008). Parameterization of the effects of vertically propagating gravity waves for thermosphere general circulation models: Sensitivity study. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113. doi: 10.1029/2008JD010135 Dataset Citation: Roeten, K. J., Bougher, S. W. (2022). M-GITM datasets used for a modeling study of the mean impacts of subgrid-scale gravity waves on thermospheric velocities and temperatures at Mars [Data set]. University of Michigan Deep Blue Data Repository.