1019 Records downloaded  - Sun Apr 17 20:40:16 UTC 2016


RECORD 1
TITLE
  Optimization of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy: Role of Multifaceted Cooperation 
in the Hospital Setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Petrovic M.
  Somers A.
  Onder G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Petrovic M., mirko.petrovic@ugent.be) Department of Geriatrics, Ghent 
University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium.
(Somers A.) Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 
Belgium.
(Onder G.) Centro Medicina dell’Invecchiamento, Department of Geriatrics, 
Policlinico A. Gemeli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Petrovic, Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, De 
Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium. Email: mirko.petrovic@ugent.be
SOURCE
  Drugs and Aging (2016) 33:3 (179-188). Date of Publication: 1 Mar 2016
ISSN
  1179-1969 (electronic)
  1170-229X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer International Publishing
ABSTRACT
  Because older patients are more vulnerable to adverse drug-related events, 
there is a need to ensure appropriate pharmacotherapy in these patients. 
This narrative review describes approaches to improve pharmacotherapy in 
older people in the hospital setting. Screening to identify older patients 
at risk of drug-related problems and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the 
first critical step within a multistep approach to geriatric 
pharmacotherapy. Two methods that have been developed are the GerontoNet ADR 
risk score and the Brighton Adverse Drug Reactions Risk (BADRI) model, which 
take into account a number of factors, the most important of which is the 
number of medicines. In order to reduce potentially inappropriate 
prescribing in older patients, different types of interventions exist, such 
as pharmacist-led medication reviews, educational interventions, 
computerized decision support systems, and comprehensive geriatric 
assessment. The effects of these interventions have been studied, sometimes 
in a multifaceted approach, by combining different techniques. None of the 
existing interventions shows a clear beneficial effect on patients’ health 
outcomes if applied in isolation; however, when these interventions are 
combined within the context of a multidisciplinary team, positive effects on 
patients’ health outcomes can be expected. Appropriate geriatric 
pharmacotherapy, global assessment of patients’ clinical and functional 
parameters, and integration of skills from different healthcare 
professionals are needed to address medical complexity of older adults.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  adverse drug reaction
  animal model
  clinical study
  decision support system
  disease model
  drug abuse
  geriatric assessment
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  model
  narrative
  pharmacist
  screening
  skill
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160151705
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-016-0352-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 2
TITLE
  Association report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Weber W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Weber W.) CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W. Weber, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2016) 56:2 (111-116). Date 
of Publication: 1 Mar 2016
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, InfoCenter@aphanet.org
ABSTRACT
  As I think back to the issues facing pharmacy when I was a student 
pharmacist, I am reminded of challenges with unstandardized prescription 
drug cards. As a profession, we rallied together and made an impact. Today, 
we are embarking on a much bigger challenge of obtaining provider status. 
Once again, we have rallied together to write letters, talk to our members 
of Congress, share our patient care stories, and support the APhA PAC. We 
are committed to making a difference in the lives of our patients. This is 
by far the most ambitious goal I have seen within our profession. It is a 
goal that has united our profession, a goal that is definitely within reach, 
a goal that we will see accomplished. I am proud of the work we have done as 
a profession, and I look forward to an exciting year ahead.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  radiopharmaceutical agent
  sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  addiction
  article
  awards and prizes
  brainstorming
  chronic pain
  diabetes mellitus
  empowerment
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  leadership
  medical education
  medical profession
  medical society
  medication therapy management
  pain
  palliative therapy
  patient care
  patient safety
  pharmacist attitude
  pharmacy student
  policy
  practice guideline
  skill
  workshop
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160246877
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2016.02.005
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 3
TITLE
  Effectiveness of the clinical pharmacist in reducing mortality in 
hospitalized cardiac patients: A propensity score-matched analysis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zhai X.-B.
  Gu Z.-C.
  Liu X.-Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zhai X.-B.) Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Affiliated to 
Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
(Gu Z.-C.; Liu X.-Y., xiaoyan5156@163.com) Department of Pharmacy, Renji 
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  X.-Y. Liu, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong 
University School of Medicine, Pujian Road 160, Shanghai, China. Email: 
xiaoyan5156@163.com
SOURCE
  Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management (2016) 12 (241-250). Date of 
Publication: 18 Feb 2016
ISSN
  1178-203X (electronic)
  1176-6336
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Dove Medical Press Ltd., PO Box 300-008, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Pharmacist-led medication review services have been assessed in 
the meta-analyses in hospital. Of the 135 relevant articles located, 21 
studies met the inclusion criteria; however, there was no statistically 
significant difference found between pharmacists’ interventions and usual 
care for mortality (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 0.65, 3.46, 
P=0.34). These analyses may not have found a statistically significant 
effect because they did not adequately control the wide variation in the 
delivery of care and patient selection parameters. Additionally, the 
investigators did not conduct research on the cases of death specifically 
and did not identify all possible drug-related problems (DRPs) that could 
cause or contribute to mortality and then convince physicians to correct. So 
there will be a condition to use a more precise approach to evaluate the 
effect of clinical pharmacist interventions on the mortality rates of 
hospitalized cardiac patients. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the 
clinical pharmacist as a direct patient-care team member on the mortality of 
all patients admitted to the cardiology unit. Methods: A comparative study 
was conducted in a cardiology unit of a university-affiliated hospital. The 
clinical pharmacists did not perform any intervention associated with 
improper use of medications during Phase I (preintervention) and consulted 
with the physicians to address the DRPs during Phase II (postintervention). 
The two phases were compared to evaluate the outcome, and propensity score 
(PS) matching was applied to enhance the comparability. The primary endpoint 
of the study was the composite of all-cause mortality during Phase I and 
Phase II. Results: Pharmacists were consulted by the physicians to correct 
any drug-related issues that they suspected may cause or contribute to a 
fatal outcome in the cardiology ward. A total of 1,541 interventions were 
suggested by the clinical pharmacist in the study group; 1,416 (92.0%) of 
them were accepted by the cardiology team, and violation of 
incompatibilities had the highest percentage of acceptance by the cardiology 
team. All-cause mortality was 1.5% during Phase I (preintervention) and was 
reduced to 0.9% during Phase II (postintervention), and the difference was 
statistically significant (P=0.0005). After PS matching, all-cause mortality 
changed from 1.7% during Phase I down to 1.0% during Phase II, and the 
difference was also statistically significant (P=0.0074). Conclusion: DRPs 
that were suspected to cause or contribute to a possibly fatal outcome were 
determined by clinical pharmacist service in patients hospitalized in a 
cardiology ward. Correction of these DRPs by physicians after pharmacist’s 
advice caused a significant decrease in mortality as analyzed by PS 
matching. The significant reduction in the mortality rate in this patient 
population observed in this study is “hypothesis generating” for future 
randomized studies.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacist
  mortality
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  cardiac patient
  clinical effectiveness
  clinical pharmacy
  comparative study
  controlled study
  drug use
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  middle aged
  outcome assessment
  patient care
  propensity score
  very elderly
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160168304
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S98300
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 4
TITLE
  Fulfilling an Unmet Need: Roles for Clinical Pharmacists in Preconception 
Care
AUTHOR NAMES
  DiPietro Mager N.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (DiPietro Mager N.A., n-dipietro@onu.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main Street, 
Ada, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.A. DiPietro Mager, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raabe College of 
Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main Street, Ada, United States. 
Email: n-dipietro@onu.edu
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2016) 36:2 (141-151). Date of Publication: 1 Feb 2016
ISSN
  1875-9114 (electronic)
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Preconception care refers to a set of interventions that identify and 
address biomedical, behavioral, and social risks to a woman's health that 
may negatively impact a future pregnancy. A great need for preconception 
care currently exists in the United States, and women's attitudes about 
discussions with health care providers about healthy and safe pregnancies 
are positive. Clinical pharmacists are well positioned to work with other 
health care and public health professionals to ensure that all women of 
childbearing potential have access to preconception care. As part of the 
collaborative health care team, clinical pharmacists can directly provide 
services or support and referrals to other members of the health care team 
or to community resources through clinical-community linkages. Specifically, 
clinical pharmacists can provide education, counseling, and/or services to 
women to address family planning, medication and disease state management, 
immunizations, screenings, health promotion, and substance use. Clinical 
pharmacists can also impact preconception care through drug information 
services, advocacy, and research. Preconception care services can be 
incorporated into daily pharmacy practice, and there are potential means for 
reimbursement. Multiple roles exist for clinical pharmacists to fulfill 
unmet needs in preconception care.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  folic acid
  hepatitis B vaccine
  rubella vaccine
  teratogenic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  maternal care
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  article
  billing and claims
  congenital rubella syndrome (prevention)
  diabetes mellitus
  drug misuse
  family planning
  health behavior
  health promotion
  hepatitis B (prevention)
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection
  hypothyroidism
  immunization
  medical documentation
  medication therapy management
  obesity
  patient advocacy
  patient counseling
  patient education
  pharmaceutical care
  phenylketonuria
  screening
  sexually transmitted disease
  smoking cessation
  unplanned pregnancy
  vertical transmission
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  folic acid (59-30-3, 6484-89-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Obstetrics and Gynecology (10)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160114051
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1691
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 5
TITLE
  Cardiovascular complications of ketoacidosis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sheehan L.
  Calfas D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sheehan L.) Ambulatory Care Clinic Leader, Chronic Care Medication 
Management, Pharmacy Services, Carolinas Medical Center-NorthEast, Carolinas 
HealthCare System, Kannapolis, United States.
(Calfas D.) Wingate University School of Pharmacy, Hendersonville, United 
States.
SOURCE
  U.S. Pharmacist (2016) 41:2 (39-42). Date of Publication: 1 Feb 2016
ISSN
  0148-4818
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Jobson Publishing Corporation
ABSTRACT
  Ketoacidosis is a serious medical emergency requiring hospitalization. It is 
most commonly associated with diabetes and alcoholism, but each type is 
treated differently. Some treatments for ketoacidosis, such as insulin and 
potassium, are considered high-alert medications, and others could result in 
electrolyte imbalances. Several cardiovascular complications are associated 
with ketoacidosis as a result of electrolyte imbalances, including 
arrhythmias, ECG changes, ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac arrest, which 
can be prevented with appropriate initial treatment. Acute myocardial 
infarction can predispose patients with diabetes to ketoacidosis and worsen 
their cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiopulmonary complications such as 
pulmonary edema and respiratory failure have also been seen with 
ketoacidosis. Overall, the mortality rate of ketoacidosis is low with proper 
and urgent medical treatment. Hospital pharmacists can help ensure 
standardization and improve the safety of pharmacotherapy for ketoacidosis. 
In the outpatient setting, pharmacists can educate patients on prevention of 
ketoacidosis and when to seek medical attention. Metabolic acidosis occurs 
as a result of increased endogenous acid production, a decrease in 
bicarbonate, or a buildup of endogenous acids.1 Ketoacidosis is a metabolic 
disorder in which regulation of ketones is disrupted, leading to excess 
secretion, accumulation, and ultimately a decrease in the blood pH.2 
Acidosis is defined by a serum pH <7.35, while a pH <6.8 is considered 
incompatible with life.1,3 Ketone formation occurs by breakdown of fatty 
acids. Insulin inhibits beta-oxidation of fatty acids; thus, low levels of 
insulin accelerate ketone formation, which can be seen in patients with 
diabetes. Extremely elevated blood glucose levels lead to osmotic diuresis, 
which results in excess secretion of cortisol and catecholamines, further 
promoting fatty-acid oxidation and ketone formation. Increased levels of 
glucagon, which is stimulated by hypoglycemia and insulin deficiency, leads 
to lipolysis, resulting in additional free fatty-acid production and 
ketogenesis.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholic ketoacidosis (complication)
  alcoholism (complication)
  cardiovascular disease
  diabetic ketoacidosis (complication)
  electrolyte disturbance (complication)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute heart infarction (complication)
  alcohol abstinence
  article
  asthma
  cardiopulmonary arrest (complication)
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  heart arrest (complication)
  heart ventricle tachycardia (complication)
  hospitalization
  human
  hyperglycemia
  hyperkalemia (complication)
  hypoglycemia
  hypokalemia (complication)
  hypomagnesemia
  hypotension
  hypoventilation
  insulin deficiency
  lung edema
  metabolic acidosis
  outcome assessment
  pharmacist
  respiratory failure
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Endocrinology (3)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160148978
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 6
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care of elderly patients with poorly controlled type 2 
diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chen J.-H.
  Ou H.-T.
  Lin T.-C.
  Lai E.C.-C.
  Yang Kao Y.-H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chen J.-H.) Department of Pharmacy, Nantou Hospital, Ministry of Health and 
Welfare, Nantou City, Taiwan.
(Chen J.-H.) Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy 
Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan, Taipei City, Taiwan.
(Chen J.-H.; Ou H.-T.; Lin T.-C.; Lai E.C.-C.; Yang Kao Y.-H., 
yhkao@mail.ncku.edu.tw) Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, 
University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Y.-H. Yang Kao, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, 
Tainan City, Taiwan. Email: yhkao@mail.ncku.edu.tw
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2016) 38:1 (88-95). Date of 
Publication: 1 Feb 2016
ISSN
  2210-7711 (electronic)
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Background Care of the elderly with diabetes is more complicated than that 
for other age groups. The elderly and/or those with multiple comorbidities 
are often excluded from randomized controlled trials of treatments for 
diabetes. The heterogeneity of health status of the elderly also increases 
the difficulty in diabetes care; therefore, diabetes care for the elderly 
should be individualized. Motivated patients educated about diabetes benefit 
the most from collaborating with a multidisciplinary patient-care team. A 
pharmacist is an important team member by serving as an educator, coach, 
healthcare manager, and pharmaceutical care provider. Objective To evaluate 
the effects of pharmaceutical care on glycemic control of ambulatory elderly 
patients with type 2 diabetes. Setting A 421-bed district hospital in Nantou 
City, Taiwan. Method We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial 
involving 100 patients with type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control 
(HbA1c levels of ≥9.0 %) aged ≥65 years over 6 months. Participants were 
randomly assigned to a standard-care (control, n = 50) or 
pharmaceutical-care (intervention, n = 50) group. Pharmaceutical care was 
provided by a certified diabetes-educator pharmacist who identified and 
resolved drug-related problems and established a procedure for consultations 
pertaining to medication. The Mann–Whitney test was used to evaluate 
nonparametric quantitative data. Statistical significance was defined as 
P < 0.05. Main outcome measure The change in the mean HbA1c level from the 
baseline to the next level within 6 months after recruiting. Results 
Nonparametric data (Mann–Whitney test) showed that the mean HbA1c level 
significantly decreased (0.83 %) after 6 months for the intervention group 
compared with an increase of 0.43 % for the control group (P ≤ 0.001). 
Medical expenses between groups did not significantly differ (−624.06 vs. 
−418.7, P = 0.767). There was no significant difference in hospitalization 
rates between groups. Conclusion The pharmacist intervention program 
provided pharmaceutical services that improved long-term, safe control of 
blood sugar levels for ambulatory elderly patients with diabetes and did not 
increase medical expenses.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  hemoglobin A1c (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (disease management)
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  consultation
  controlled study
  cost effectiveness analysis
  diabetes educator
  elderly care
  female
  glycemic control
  health care cost
  hemoglobin blood level
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  outcome assessment
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  randomized controlled trial
  Taiwan
  treatment duration
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  hemoglobin A1c (62572-11-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Endocrinology (3)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBERS
  ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01455727)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015471650
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0210-4
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 7
TITLE
  Proceedings of the AMCP partnership forum: Breaking the link between pain 
management and opioid use disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Botticelli M.P.
  Brock I.P.
  Brooks P.
  Byram D.
  Clark K.J.
  Curro F.A.
  Daw J.
  Duggan M.
  Erensen J.
  Fan J.
  Francis W.
  Gammitoni A.
  Ghods M.P.
  Greenberg P.
  Jan S.A.
  Jeffrey P.L.
  Kowalski T.
  Lee J.
  Mcnally D.L.
  Nowak L.E.
  Peppin J.F.
  Schroeder A.
  Schmidt P.
  Stoddard J.
  Tanzman B.
  Thomson H.
  Wesolowicz L.
  Dragovich C.
  Eichelberger B.
  Mackowiak J.
  Oh S.
  Sega T.
  Singh P.
  Singh R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Botticelli M.P.) Office of National Drug Control Policy (speaker), United 
States.
(Brock I.P.) Affordability, OptumHealth Behavioral Solutions, United States.
(Brooks P.) Humana, United States.
(Byram D.) Orexo, United States.
(Clark K.J.) Medical Affairs, CVS Health, United States.
(Curro F.A.) PEARL Clinical Translational Network, United States.
(Curro F.A.) New York University, United States.
(Daw J.) University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (speaker), United States.
(Duggan M.) Wicked Sober (speaker), United States.
(Erensen J.) Health Policy, Purdue Pharma, United States.
(Fan J.) SAMHSA Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, United States.
(Francis W.) Pharmacy Management Services, Medlmpact, United States.
(Gammitoni A.) Medical and Scientific Affairs, Zogenix, United States.
(Ghods M.P.) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration, United States.
(Greenberg P.) Peggy Greenberg Consulting and Training, United States.
(Jan S.A.) The State University, Rutgers, United States.
(Jan S.A.) Horizon BCBS of New Jersey, United States.
(Jeffrey P.L.) MassHealth, United States.
(Kowalski T.) Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts (speaker), United 
States.
(Lee J.) SAMHSA Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, United States.
(Mcnally D.L.) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, United States.
(Nowak L.E.) Express Scripts, United States.
(Peppin J.F.) Global Medical Affairs, Mallinckrodt, United States.
(Schroeder A.) University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy-Kaiser 
Permanente of Colorado, United States.
(Schmidt P.) Depomed, United States.
(Stoddard J.) Alkermes, United States.
(Tanzman B.) Vermont Blueprint for Health (speaker), United States.
(Thomson H.) Kaléo, United States.
(Wesolowicz L.) Pharmacy Services Clinical, BCBS of Michigan, United States.
(Dragovich C.; Eichelberger B.; Mackowiak J.; Oh S., soh@amcp.org; Sega T.; 
Singh P.; Singh R.) Pharmacy Affairs, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 100 
N. Pitt St., Ste. 400, Alexandria, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Oh, Pharmacy Affairs, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy (2015) 21:12 (1116-1122). 
Date of Publication: 2015
ISSN
  2376-1032 (electronic)
  2376-0540
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP), tfaggen@amcp.org
ABSTRACT
  Prescription drug misuse and abuse, especially with opioid analgesics, is 
the fastest growing drug problem in the United States. Addressing this 
public health crisis demands the coordinated efforts and actions of all 
stake-holders to establish a process of improving patient care and 
decreasing misuse and abuse. On September 9, 2014, the Academy of Managed 
Care Pharmacy (AMCP) convened a meeting of multiple stakeholders to 
recommend activities and programs that AMCP can promote to improve pain 
management, prevent opioid use disorder (OUD), and improve 
medication-assisted treatment outcomes. The speakers and panelists 
recommended that efforts to improve pain management outcomes and reduce the 
potential for OUD should rely on demonstrated evidence and best practices. 
It was recommended that AMCP promote a more holistic and evidence-based 
approach to pain management and OUD treatment that actively engages the 
patient in the decision-making process and includes care coordination with 
medical, pharmacy, behavioral, and mental health aspects of organizations, 
all of which is seamlessly supported by a technology infrastructure. To 
accomplish this, it was recommended that AMCP work to collaborate with 
organizations representing these stakeholders. Additionally, it was 
recommended that AMCP conduct continuing pharmacy education programs, 
develop a best practices toolkit on pain management, and actively promote 
quality standards for OUD prevention and treatment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate (drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  drug misuse
  opiate addiction (prevention, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  behavior therapy
  conference paper
  drug use
  education program
  evidence based medicine
  evidence based practice
  health care cost
  human
  managed care
  managed care organization
  mental health
  patient advocacy
  pharmacy benefit manager
  physiotherapy
  public health
  substance abuse
  treatment outcome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160210320
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2015.21.12.1116
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 8
TITLE
  A Reality Check: The Need for a Deeper Understanding of Opioid Abuse 
Treatment Options: A Policy Statement from the American College of Clinical 
Pharmacology
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rusch L.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rusch L.M.) Public Policy Committee, American College of Clinical 
Pharmacology, PO Box 1758, Ashburn, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.M. Rusch, Public Policy Committee, American College of Clinical 
Pharmacology, PO Box 1758, Ashburn, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2016) 56:1 (7-10). Date of Publication: 1 
Jan 2016
ISSN
  1552-4604 (electronic)
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., subscrip@blackwellpub.com
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine plus naloxone
  methadone
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  health care policy
  opiate addiction
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical pharmacology
  drug misuse
  DSM-5
  help seeking behavior
  human
  prescription
  psychotherapy
  substance abuse
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20151039533
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.645
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 9
TITLE
  Evaluation of analgesics use and misuse by Iraqi patients in Baghdad 
community
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mohammed S.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mohammed S.I., drsamerimad@gmail.com) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
College of Pharmacy, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.I. Mohammed, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad 
University, Baghdad, Iraq. Email: drsamerimad@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2016) 9:1 (279-283). 
Date of Publication: 1 Jan 2016
ISSN
  0974-2441
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, editor@ajpcr.com
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: Analgesics, which currently represents the cornerstone of pain 
treatment, is one of the most widely used and abused medications all over 
the world. Since analgesics used and misused widely in Iraqi community, the 
possibility of complications and adverse effect development from analgesics 
may be significant. The purpose of this study is to assess the attitude and 
degree of awareness about the correct use, side effects, and complication of 
improper use of analgesics in Baghdad community and to find if there is any 
correlation between the miss use of analgesic and the need to extra 
medication or treatment as a result of analgesic adverse effect. Methods: 
This study was a cross-sectional survey using a pre-tested self-administered 
questionnaire which carried out in the different community pharmacy in 
Baghdad. An 11-question questionnaire collects demographics information and 
attitudes to use analgesics by respondents. Results: Analgesics consumption 
increases with age. The majority of users, 46% reported taking analgesics 
for unspecified general body pain, followed by a headache and other types of 
pain. (50.26%) of participant use analgesics frequently (more than 3 times 
weekly) and (57.44%) of them prefer a certain type of analgesics and used it 
frequently. Larger percentage of analgesics recommended to Iraqi patients by 
a pharmacist, followed by a doctor, or sometimes according to advice from a 
relative\friend while only (18.46%) were prescribed by patients themselves. 
Interestingly, (52.82%) of respondents have no information about the side 
effect, and higher percentage of them (61%) do not adhere to doses 
prescribed. About (11.28%) of respondents need for hospitalization, (58%) 
consult a physician, and (56%) use another medicine as a result of side 
effects or complications of analgesics. Significant correlation confirmed 
between misuse of analgesics and the need for hospitalization and patients 
need another medicine to treat side effects or complications of analgesics. 
Conclusion: Analgesics consumed widely and most of the times incorrectly by 
Iraqi people in Baghdad and its usage usually associated with many 
complications as a result of a misuse by the patients due to improper 
dispensing information or education provided by a pharmacist or other health 
care providers about the correct use or side effects associated with these 
medications.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesic agent abuse
  drug misuse
  drug use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  adverse outcome
  article
  awareness
  consultation
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  drug information
  drug preference
  female
  headache (drug therapy)
  human
  Iraqi
  male
  medication compliance
  middle aged
  needs assessment
  prescription
  questionnaire
  tooth pain (drug therapy)
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  young adult
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160020198
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 10
TITLE
  Safemed: Using pharmacy technicians in a novel role as community health 
workers to improve transitions of care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bailey J.E.
  Surbhi S.
  Bell P.C.
  Jones A.M.
  Rashed S.
  Ugwueke M.O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bailey J.E., jeb@uthsc.edu) Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, 
University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Coleman D222, 956 Court 
Ave., Memphis, United States.
(Surbhi S.) Institute for Health Outcomes and Policy, University of 
Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, United States.
(Bell P.C.; Jones A.M.; Ugwueke M.O.) Bonheur Healthcare, Memphis, United 
States.
(Rashed S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.E. Bailey, Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, University of 
Tennessee, Health Science Center, Coleman D222, 956 Court Ave., Memphis, 
United States. Email: jeb@uthsc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2016) 56:1 (73-81). Date of 
Publication: 1 Jan 2016
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, InfoCenter@aphanet.org
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: To describe the design, implementation, and early experience of 
the SafeMed program, which uses certified pharmacy technicians in a novel 
expanded role as community health workers (CPhT-CHWs) to improve transitions 
of care. Setting: A large nonprofit health care system serving the major 
medically underserved areas and geographic hotspots for readmissions in 
Memphis, TN. Practice innovation: The SafeMed program is a care transitions 
program with an emphasis on medication management designed to use low-cost 
health workers to improve transitions of care from hospital to home for 
superutilizing patients with multiple chronic conditions and polypharmacy. 
Evaluation: CPhT-CHWs were given primary responsibility for patient outreach 
after hospital discharge with the use of home visits and telephone 
follow-up. SafeMed program CPhT-CHWs served as pharmacist extenders, 
obtaining medication histories, assisting in medication reconciliation and 
identification of potential drug therapy problems (DTPs), and reinforcing 
medication education previously provided by the pharmacist per protocol. 
Results: CPhT-CHW training included patient communication skills, 
motivational interviewing, medication history taking, teach-back techniques, 
drug disposal practices, and basic disease management. Some CPhT-CHWs 
experienced difficulties adjusting to an expanded scope of practice. 
Nonetheless, once the Tennessee Board of Pharmacy affirmed that envisioned 
SafeMed CPhT-CHW roles were consistent with Board rules, additional 
responsibilities were added for CPhT-CHWs to enhance their effectiveness. 
Patient outreach teams including CPhTCHWs achieved increases in home visit 
and telephone follow-up rates and were successful in helping identify 
potential DTPs. Conclusion: The early experience of the SafeMed program 
demonstrates that CPhT-CHWs are well suited for novel expanded roles to 
improve care transitions for superutilizing populations. CPhT-CHWs can 
identify and report potential DTPs to the pharmacist to help target 
medication therapy management. Critical success factors include strong 
CPhT-CHW patient-centered communication skills and strong pharmacist 
champions. In collaboration with state pharmacy boards and pharmacist 
associations, the SafeMed CPhT-CHW model can be successfully scaled to serve 
superutilizing patients throughout the country.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health auxiliary
  pharmacy technician
  transitional care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anamnesis
  article
  communication skill
  follow up
  health care planning
  hospital discharge
  hospital readmission
  human
  interpersonal communication
  medication therapy management
  motivational interviewing
  personal experience
  pharmacist
  polypharmacy
  professional practice
  responsibility
  scope of practice
  telephone
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160155826
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2015.11.011
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 11
TITLE
  KCa2 channel inhibition in the infralimbic cortex is necessary for 
mGluR5-dependent enhancement of synaptic plasticity and extinction of 
alcohol-seeking behavior
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mulholland P.
  Cannady R.
  McGonigal J.
  Woodward J.
  Gass J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mulholland P.; Cannady R.; McGonigal J.; Woodward J.; Gass J.) Medical 
University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Mulholland, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Neuropsychopharmacology (2015) 40 SUPPL. 1 (S260-S261). Date of Publication: 
December 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  54th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, ACNP 
2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-12-06 to 2015-12-10
ISSN
  0893-133X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Nature Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
  Background: Postsynaptic activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors 
(mGluRs) enhances induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic 
transmission, and mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) show promise 
in facilitating cognitive function. Relapse to drugseeking behaviors is a 
major obstacle for the successful treatment of individuals with substance 
use disorders and repeated exposures to drug-associated cues leads to 
craving that promotes consumption and facilitates relapse. Although 
cue-exposure therapy (inhibitory learning) should reduce the impact of cues 
through repeated, non-contingent cue exposure, this approach has not been 
effective in preventing relapse to drugs. Using cognitive enhancers to 
facilitate extinction learning of drug-associated cues is a promising 
therapeutic approach to reduce relapse rates, and results of preclinical 
studies show that mGluR5 PAMs facilitate extinction of drug-seeking 
behaviors. In the current study, we targeted a novel molecular target (i.e., 
small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa2) that 
facilitates inhibitory learning and examined how pharmacological 
manipulation of KCa2 function in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL-PFC) 
affects mGluR5-dependent synaptic plasticity and extinction learning of 
alcohol-associated cues. Methods: Adult Wistar rats were first trained to 
selfadminister alcohol and then underwent extinction training and a 
spontaneous recovery test session of alcohol-seeking behaviors. Drugs or 
vehicle were administered systemically or were microinjected into the IL-PFC 
prior to each extinction training session. Using slices from adult alcohol 
naïve rats, whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and field recordings 
were used to determine the molecular mechanisms the drive mGluR5-dependent 
enhancement of LTP of IL-PFC neurons. Results: Systemic administration of 
the KCa2 channel inhibitor apamin prior to each extinction training session 
enhanced extinction of alcohol-seeking behavior. Apamin treated rats 
responded significantly fewer times on the previously active lever on 
multiple days of extinction training and required fewer sessions to reach 
extinction criteria without demonstrating locomotor impairments. Rats 
treated with apamin prior to each extinction session also responded 
significantly fewer times on the previously active lever during the 
spontaneous recovery test performed 3 weeks following extinction. Consistent 
with previous findings, mGluR5 activation reduced the amplitude of KCa2 
channel-mediated currents in layer V IL-PFC pyramidal neurons, and systemic 
treatment with an mGluR5 PAM facilitated extinction learning of 
alcohol-associated cues. Microinjection of the KCa2 channel positive 
modulator 1-EBIO into the IL-PFC prevented the ability of an mGluR5 PAM to 
facilitate extinction learning. Similarly, 1-EBIO coexposure blocked the 
ability of an mGluR5 agonist to potentiate LTP in acute IL-PFC slices. 
Conclusions: These data provide compelling evidence that activation of 
mGluR5s reduce function of KCa2 channels and enhance extinction learning of 
alcohol-seeking behavior. A critical finding from the present study is that 
the ability of mGluR5 activation to facilitate extinction learning and 
synaptic plasticity requires a reduction in KCa2 channel function in the 
IL-PFC. The results also demonstrate that blockade of KCa2 channels 
facilitates extinction learning of alcohol-associated cues and leads to a 
persistent reduction in alcohol-seeking behavior. Overall, the present 
findings provide strong preclinical evidence that KCa2 channels are a novel 
and effective target for enhancing cue exposure therapy in the treatment of 
alcohol use disorder.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  apamin
  metabotropic receptor
  small conductance calcium activated potassium channel
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  college
  drug self administration
  infralimbic cortex
  learning
  nerve cell plasticity
  psychopharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  agonist
  alcohol use disorder
  cognition
  drug seeking behavior
  electrophysiology
  enhancer region
  exposure
  long term potentiation
  microinjection
  nerve cell
  prefrontal cortex
  pyramidal nerve cell
  rat
  recording
  recurrence risk
  relapse
  substance abuse
  synaptic transmission
  systemic therapy
  therapy
  whole cell patch clamp
  Wistar rat
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.325
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 12
TITLE
  Swiss university students' attitudes toward pharmacological cognitive 
enhancement
AUTHOR NAMES
  Maier L.J.
  Liakoni E.
  Schildmann J.
  Schaub M.P.
  Liechti M.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Maier L.J.; Schaub M.P.) Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and 
Addiction (ISGF), Assoc. Inst. at the University of Zurich and WHO 
Collaborating Centre, Zurich, Switzerland.
(Liakoni E.; Liechti M.E., matthias.liechti@usb.ch) Division of Clinical 
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University 
Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
(Schildmann J.) Institut for Medizinische Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin, 
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum Deutschland, Germany.
SOURCE
  PLoS ONE (2015) 10:12 Article Number: A776. Date of Publication: 1 Dec 2015
ISSN
  1932-6203 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Public Library of Science, plos@plos.org
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE) refers to the nonmedical use of 
prescription or recreational drugs to enhance cognitive performance. Several 
concerns about PCE have been raised in the public. The aim of the present 
study was to investigate students' attitudes toward PCE. Students at three 
Swiss universities were invited by e-mail to participate in a web-based 
survey. Of the 29,282 students who were contacted, 3,056 participated. Of 
these students, 22% indicated that they had used prescription drugs (12%) or 
recreational substances including alcohol (14%) at least once for PCE. The 
use of prescription drugs or recreational substances including alcohol prior 
to the last exam was reported by 16%. Users of pharmacological cognitive 
enhancers were more likely to consider PCE fair (24%) compared with nonusers 
(11%). Only a minority of the participants agreed with the nonmedical use of 
prescription drugs by fellow students when assuming weak (7%) or 
hypothetically strong efficacy and availability to everyone (14%). 
Two-Thirds (68%) considered performance that is obtained with PCE less 
worthy of recognition. Additionally, 80% disagreed that PCE is acceptable in 
a competitive environment. More than half (64%) agreed that PCE in academia 
is similar to doping in sports. Nearly half (48%) claimed that unregulated 
access to pharmacological cognitive enhancers increases the pressure to 
engage in PCE and educational inequality (55%). In conclusion, Swiss 
students' main concerns regarding PCE were related to coercion and fairness. 
As expected, these concerns were more prevalent among nonusers than among 
users of pharmacological cognitive enhancers. More balanced information on 
PCE should be shared with students, and future monitoring of PCE is 
recommended.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  prescription drug
  recreational drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cognitive remediation therapy
  pharmacological cognitive enhancement
  student attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  adolescent
  adult
  aged
  article
  doping
  drug use
  fairness
  female
  human
  human relation
  male
  personal autonomy
  persuasive communication
  safety
  Switzerland
  university student
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160078879
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144402
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 13
TITLE
  Evaluation and potential impact of critical care pharmacists' interventions 
in singapore
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tee C.
  Ngai M.
  Tang S.
  Yeoh S.F.
  Li J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tee C.; Ngai M.; Tang S.; Yeoh S.F.; Li J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Tee,
SOURCE
  Critical Care Medicine (2015) 43:12 SUPPL. 1 (204). Date of Publication: 
December 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  45th Critical Care Congress of the Society of Critical Care Medicine, SCCM 
2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Orlando, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2016-02-20 to 2016-02-24
ISSN
  0090-3493
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
ABSTRACT
  Learning Objectives: Critical care pharmacists have been recognized to be an 
integral part of the multidisciplinary Intensive-Care Unit (ICU) team. 
However, studies evaluating the impact of having dedicated ICU pharmacists 
are largely limited to North America. We aim to characterize the critical 
care pharmacists' contributions in a university teaching hospital in 
Singapore. Methods: This is a retrospective evaluation of the critical care 
pharmacists' interventions in a single university teaching hospital 
(1228-bed) over 6 mo from January to June 2015. The adult ICUs (54-beds) 
included were the medical, surgical and cardio-thoracic ICUs. Potential 
impact of the interventions were analysed based on the primary outcomes of 
cost avoidance, prevention of adverse effects and optimization of therapy. 
These interventions were further classified according to FASTHUG categories 
and drug-related problems (DRPs). Results: Of the 1378 patients admitted to 
the 3 ICUs during the 6-month study period, 45% of them had pharmacist 
interventions. A total of 1705 interventions were made, with an average of 
12.9 interventions per work day and 2.8 interventions per patient. Majority 
of the interventions were targeted at the prevention of adverse effects 
(55.1%), followed by the optimization of therapy (37.8%) and cost avoidance 
(7%). The most common interventions were related to infectious diseases 
(34.1%), glycemic control (8.8%) and the cardiovascular system (8.7%). The 
top 3 interventions based on DRPs were dosage regimen (51.7%), 
recommendation of alternative therapies (14.2%) and drug use without 
indication (10.9%). Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first 
published data characterizing critical care pharmacists' interventions in 
Singapore. Substantial interventions were made across various clinical 
areas, the majority of which is to prevent adverse effects. This can serve 
as background knowledge on identifying the current gaps in ICU management 
and implementing appropriate guidelines. Future studies are needed to 
evaluate how these interventions impact ICU length of stay, mortality and 
drug costs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  intensive care
  pharmacist
  Singapore
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  adverse drug reaction
  alternative medicine
  cardiovascular system
  drug cost
  drug dose regimen
  drug use
  glycemic control
  infection
  intensive care unit
  learning
  length of stay
  mortality
  North America
  patient
  prevention
  teaching hospital
  therapy
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000474638.84166.b4
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 14
TITLE
  Text mining for pharmacovigilance: Using machine learning for drug name 
recognition and drug-drug interaction extraction and classification
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ben Abacha A.
  Chowdhury M.F.M.
  Karanasiou A.
  Mrabet Y.
  Lavelli A.
  Zweigenbaum P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ben Abacha A., asma.benabacha@list.lu; Karanasiou A., 
aikaterini.karanasiou@list.lu; Mrabet Y., yassine.mrabet@list.lu) Luxembourg 
Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg.
(Chowdhury M.F.M., mchowdh@us.ibm.com) IBM Research, United States.
(Lavelli A., lavelli@fbk.eu) HLT Research Unit, FBK, Trento, Italy.
(Zweigenbaum P., pz@limsi.fr) LIMSI-CNRS, Orsay, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Ben Abacha, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg. 
Email: asma.benabacha@list.lu
SOURCE
  Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2015) 58 (122-132). Date of Publication: 
1 Dec 2015
ISSN
  1532-0464
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academic Press Inc., apjcs@harcourt.com
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacovigilance (PV) is defined by the World Health Organization as the 
science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding 
and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. An 
essential aspect in PV is to acquire knowledge about Drug-Drug Interactions 
(DDIs). The shared tasks on DDI-Extraction organized in 2011 and 2013 have 
pointed out the importance of this issue and provided benchmarks for: Drug 
Name Recognition, DDI extraction and DDI classification. In this paper, we 
present our text mining systems for these tasks and evaluate their results 
on the DDI-Extraction benchmarks. Our systems rely on machine learning 
techniques using both feature-based and kernel-based methods. The obtained 
results for drug name recognition are encouraging. For DDI-Extraction, our 
hybrid system combining a feature-based method and a kernel-based method was 
ranked second in the DDI-Extraction-2011 challenge, and our two-step system 
for DDI detection and classification was ranked first in the 
DDI-Extraction-2013 task at SemEval. We discuss our methods and results and 
give pointers to future work.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  classification algorithm
  data extraction
  data mining
  drug surveillance program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accuracy
  article
  classifier
  data analysis
  kernel method
  linear system
  mathematical analysis
  mathematical model
  prediction
  priority journal
  probability
  semantics
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015541939
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2015.09.015
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 15
TITLE
  Community pharmacists' perceptions of neonatal abstinence syndrome and 
opioid-based medication-assisted treatment in Northeast
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sevak T.R.
  Click I.
  Basden J.A.
  Hagemeier N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sevak T.R.; Hagemeier N.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gatton College 
of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States.
(Click I.; Basden J.A.) Department of Family Medicine, Quillen College of 
Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Mountain Home, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.R. Sevak, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gatton College of Pharmacy, 
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e324). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Tennessee 
has increased over ten-fold in the last 15 years and is strongly linked to 
increased maternal use and abuse of prescription and illicit opioids. 
Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to engage in dispensing and patient-care 
activities associated with medication-assisted treatment (MAT) of addiction 
during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine perceptions of 
pharmacists regarding MAT, MAT providers, and NAS as a consequence of MAT. 
Given increased NAS prevalence over the last two decades, we also evaluated 
perceptions of younger versus older pharmacists. METHODS: One hundred 
pharmacists were randomly selected from a state directory of 332 licensed 
community pharmacists in the 8-county Northeast Tennessee region. Survey 
administration followed the Tailored Design Method. Survey items were 
responded to using a 7-point Likert scale and assessed pharmacists' 
perceptions regarding pregnancy substance use concerns, estimates of NAS in 
Tennessee due to MAT, attitudes toward MAT in pregnancy, and trustworthiness 
of buprenorphine prescribers. Independent samples t-tests were used to 
compare NAS estimates and composite MAT-attitude scores across pharmacists' 
age (<45 versus ≥45). The East Tennessee State University Institutional 
Review Board approved the study. RESULTS: Substance use during pregnancy was 
a concern of a majority (75.8%) of pharmacist respondents. NAS estimates 
attributable to MAT were significantly greater for younger pharmacists (61%) 
as compared to older pharmacists (30%, p = 0.012). Attitudes of young 
pharmacists towards MAT were significantly less positive than those of older 
pharmacists (3.1 ± 0.5 versus 5.0 ± 0.4, p = 0.01). Overall, 3.7% of 
pharmacists indicated that they trust regional buprenorphine prescribers. 
CONCLUSION: A large majority of pharmacists are concerned about substance 
use during pregnancy in their practice and report mistrust of buprenorphine 
prescribers. Younger pharmacists had relatively negative perceptions of MAT 
during pregnancy, which may be related to their more accurate estimates of 
MAT-associated NAS cases in Tennessee.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  withdrawal syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  addiction
  directory
  institutional review
  Likert scale
  patient care
  pregnancy
  prescription
  prevalence
  Student t test
  substance use
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 16
TITLE
  A pharmacist-physician collaboration to optimize benzodiazepine use and 
anxiety/sleep symptom control in primary care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Furbish S.
  Trinkley K.E.
  Nelson J.
  Kroehl M.
  Mindy Lam H.
  Lewis C.
  Loeb D.
  Chow Z.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Furbish S.; Trinkley K.E.; Kroehl M.) University of Colorado, Skaggs School 
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, United States.
(Nelson J.; Kroehl M.; Mindy Lam H.; Lewis C.; Loeb D.; Chow Z.) University 
of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Furbish, University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e290-e291). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Benzodiazepines are often prescribed inappropriately, leading to 
increased risk of preventable adverse events, potential for abuse and 
addiction and suboptimal anxiety symptom relief. The purpose of this study 
is to (1) increase the proportion of patients who are appropriately 
prescribed a benzodiazepine; and (2) improve anxiety and sleep symptom 
control. METHODS: Patients who receive care at an academic internal medicine 
clinic were screened for inappropriate benzodiazepine use. Patients 
prescribed an inappropriate benzodiazepine, determined by chart review, were 
referred to the clinic's clinical pharmacy team, pending provider approval. 
The pharmacy team was the intervention, who assessed their benzodiazepine 
use and symptom control and managed therapy under protocol. Outcomes include 
proportion of appropriate prescriptions and symptom severity measured by 
validated instruments. The Clopper- Pearson exact method will be used to 
estimate the confidence interval around the estimate of patients who were 
switched to an appropriate prescription. Change in symptom scores will be 
assessed as continuous data using the paired t-test for parametric data and 
Wilcoxon signed rank test for nonparametric data. RESULTS: Of 1156 patients 
prescribed a benzodiazepine, 280 prescriptions were deemed potentially 
inappropriate and 88 referrals were approved. To date, 19 patients were seen 
once, and two patients were seen twice. Across 21 visits, there were 15 
medication changes, including 5 (26%) benzodiazepine discontinuations, 2 
(11%) benzodiazepines switched to a more preferred/safer benzodiazepine; and 
8 (42%) optimizations of non-benzodiazepine therapy. Eight (42%) patients 
had no regimen changes because therapy was deemed appropriate or the patient 
was resistant. Symptom improvement is not able to be assessed yet. 
CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results support the role of pharmacists as 
members of the primary care team, specifically in decreasing inappropriate 
benzodiazepine prescribing. When recruitment ends October 2015, we will be 
able to assess the impact on symptom improvement.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  physician
  primary medical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  addiction
  anxiety
  confidence interval
  drug therapy
  hospital
  internal medicine
  medical record review
  patient
  pharmacy
  prescription
  risk
  sleep
  Student t test
  therapy
  Wilcoxon signed ranks test
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 17
TITLE
  Naloxone pharmacist prescriptive authority program: Early successes with 
prescribing Naloxone rescue kits in New Mexico
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bachyrycz A.
  Shrestha S.
  Shah D.
  Tinker D.
  Bakhireva L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bachyrycz A.; Shrestha S.; Shah D.; Bakhireva L.) Department of Pharmacy 
Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New 
Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.
(Tinker D.) New Mexico Pharmacists Association, Albuquerque, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Bachyrycz, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, 
College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e223). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Current New Mexico legislation allows certified pharmacists to 
prescribe, dispense and educate patients about the naloxone rescue kits 
(NRKs). The objective of this study was to describe the preliminary data 
collected through the Naloxone Pharmacist Prescriptive Authority Program and 
to evaluate specific trends in opioid overdose prevention in New Mexico 
pharmacies. METHODS: During 2014, 157 pharmacists participated in the 
training about prescription of NRKs and patient education. After prescribing 
and/or dispensing of NRKs, pharmacists participating in the Program were 
asked to complete a brief reporting form, which captured patient demographic 
characteristics, reasons for NRK prescriptions, and the concurrent use of 
other substances. RESULTS: As of January, 2015, pharmacists reported 
dispensing NRKs to 62 patients during the first 9 months of the Program. The 
mean age of participating patients was 39.9 ± 14.8 years (range: 19-76 
years) and there were 40% female participants. For the majority of patients 
(90%) NRKs were prescribed for the first time; for the remaining 10% it was 
a refill. The most common reason for NRKs prescription was due to high-dose 
of prescription opioids (37.1%), followed by long-term opioid use (35.4%). 
Request for NRKs by a patient was primarily from patients on opioid 
maintenance therapy. After opioids (heroin, opioid-maintenance, prescription 
analgesics), benzodiazepines were reported the most frequently as a 
co-exposure (17.7%). The majority of the patients (42%) reported polydrug 
use. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate that pharmacists can 
play a vital role in identifying high risk patients susceptible to opioid 
overdose and prescribe, dispense, and educate patients on the use of NRKs 
effectively, thus helping to minimize opioid overdose throughout the state. 
Future goal of the Program includes evaluation of pharmacists' and patients' 
perceived barriers towards prescribing and requesting NRKs, respectively.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  naloxone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
  diamorphine
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  prescriptive authority
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  demography
  drug megadose
  exposure
  female
  high risk patient
  intoxication
  law
  maintenance therapy
  multiple drug abuse
  patient
  patient education
  pharmacy
  prescription
  prevention
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 18
TITLE
  Clinical contact workshop for pharmacy students in a Mexican University
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bassó-Quevedo R.F.
  Del Carmen Medel-Bojórquez M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bassó-Quevedo R.F.; Del Carmen Medel-Bojórquez M.) Facultad De Ciencias 
Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma De Baja California, Tijuana, 
B.C., Mexico.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.F. Bassó-Quevedo, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad 
Autónoma De Baja California, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e241). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Through the implementation of a Clinical Contact Workshop (CCW), 
pharmacy students can improve their knowledge and clinical skills on 
pharmacotherapy. Due to a lack of a clinical practice rotation in most 
Mexican pharmacy schools, the students have their only opportunity to be 
introduced to the hospital environment. METHODS: The curriculum of the 
Mexican pharmacy schools do not have clinical practice rotations in the 
hospital, therefore a CCW was implemented. During the CCW, the students 1) 
Created and implemented formats to document the pharmacological history of 
patients, 2) Attended to the medical rounds, 3) Interviewed a minimum of two 
hospitalized patients, 4) Evaluated their pharmacotherapy, mainly in search 
for Drug Related Problems and 5) Wrote a pharmaceutical intervention for 
each of them. The interventions were sent to a staff pharmacist for 
assessment and the patient cases were presented to an audience. RESULTS: 
This workshop has been implemented during the last six semesters, 134 
students has attend to it and there have been 272 patient cases; the 
interventions were evaluated by the pharmacists as good or very good in 76% 
of them; their clinical and communication skills, improved by 80% between 
the first and second case. It has been a rewarding experience to 89% of the 
students, both academically and in the humanities. CONCLUSION: The students 
developed better clinical skills in the real hospital environment, than the 
ones that could be acquired in a classroom. Being with patients created a 
sense of responsibility in the students. The interventions presented were 
well received by the pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  Mexican
  pharmacy student
  university
  workshop
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical practice
  communication skill
  curriculum
  drug therapy
  hospital
  hospital patient
  humanities
  patient
  pharmacist
  responsibility
  school
  skill
  student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 19
TITLE
  Building capacity to improve medication use in Uganda through a short-term, 
experiential pharmaceutical care skills training program in the USA for 
Ugandan pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bohan K.B.
  Akajagbor D.
  Adome R.O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bohan K.B.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wilkes University, 
Wilkes-Barre, United States.
(Akajagbor D.) School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College, Buffalo, United 
States.
(Adome R.O.) Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.B. Bohan, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wilkes University, 
Wilkes-Barre, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e236-e237). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Most Ugandan pharmacists don't participate in direct patient care 
or work with other healthcare providers (HCP) to improve medication use 
because pharmaceutical care (PC) training in their Bachelors of Pharmacy 
programs is lacking. Literature has shown interprofessional practice (IPP) 
can improve quality of care. Such collaboration could produce positive 
outcomes in Uganda but advanced training isn't available in-country. Since 
it is very difficult for internationally trained pharmacists to qualify for 
advanced clinical training in the USA, a short-term experiential course in 
the USA was developed to teach PC skills, instill confidence, and provide 
direction for improving medication use. METHODS: Two USA schools of pharmacy 
collaborated with Makerere University Department of Pharmacy in Kampala and 
the Pharmaceutical Society of Uganda to develop an 8-week experiential 
training program in the USA. It focused on teaching medical information 
literacy, improving oral communication with both patients and HCP, and 
resolving drug therapy problems. Participants funded their J-1 visa and 
international flight but the American pharmacy schools jointly funded all 
expenses once in the USA. RESULTS: Two pharmacists were chosen based on 
their motivation, clinical aptitude, and prior initiatives in starting new 
programs at their institutions in Uganda. The PC training was similar to 
Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiential rotations and included exposure to 
community, hospital, ambulatory care, and administrative pharmacy practice. 
Since returning, the participants have become involved in multidisciplinary 
ward rounds for improving patient care and training pharmacy students and 
interns in Uganda. They agreed the program not only improved their skills 
but also increased their confidence to participate in direct patient care. 
CONCLUSIONS: This opportunity for pharmacists to observe, participate and be 
mentored in the provision of PC to patients in the USA is unique approach to 
building capacity to improve medication use in Uganda. It will be repeated 
in 2015.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  skill
  training
  Uganda
  Ugandan
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  aptitude
  community hospital
  exposure
  flight
  health care organization
  health care personnel
  information literacy
  medical information
  motivation
  oral communication
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  school
  teaching
  university
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 20
TITLE
  Correlates of prescription opioid legitimacy estimations among community 
pharmacists in tennessee
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hagemeier N.E.
  Alamian A.
  Murawski M.M.
  Pack R.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hagemeier N.E.) Pharmacy Practice, East Tennessee State University, Johnson 
City, United States.
(Alamian A.) Biostatistics and Epidemiology, East Tennessee State 
University, Johnson City, United States.
(Murawski M.M.) Pharmacy Administration, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 
United States.
(Pack R.P.) Community and Behavioral Health, East Tennessee State 
University, Johnson City, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.E. Hagemeier, Pharmacy Practice, East Tennessee State University, Johnson 
City, United States.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015) 156 (e87). Date of Publication: 1 Nov 
2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, CPDD 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-06-13 to 2015-06-18
ISSN
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Aims: Community pharmacists have a corresponding responsibility to evaluate 
and verify prescription legitimacy prior to dispensing. Yet, our previous 
research indicates pharmacists dispense prescriptions perceived to be 
illegitimate. We examined practice- and pharmacist-specific correlates of 
prescription opioid (PO) legitimacy estimations among Tennessee community 
pharmacists. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2000 Tennessee pharmacists 
was conducted to elicit pharmacists' self-reported attitudes, beliefs, and 
behaviors specific to PO dispensing and legitimacy. Pharmacist (e.g., 
gender, years in practice, hours worked per week) and practice (e.g., 
prescription volume, setting, geographic region) characteristics were 
obtained. PO legitimacy estimations were defined in tertiles as “low” 
(0-29%), “moderate” (30-79%), and “high” (80-100%) legitimacy. Multinomial 
logistic regression techniques were used to investigate correlates of low 
and moderate perceived legitimacy against the reference of high perceived 
legitimacy. Results: Being female, practicing in a chain or independent 
practice setting, fear of employer disciplinary action if PO legitimacy is 
questioned, and self-confidence in one's ability to detect PO abuse 
increased the odds of low (vs. high) PO legitimacy estimation. Employment in 
chain and independent pharmacies, having POs as a greater percent of total 
prescriptions filled, and having the perception of PO abuse as a problem in 
the practice setting were significant positive correlates of moderate (vs 
high) PO legitimacy estimation. Conclusions: Both modifiable and 
non-modifiable correlates were statistically significantly associated with 
PO legitimacy perceptions. Distinct correlates were noted across low and 
moderate as compared to high estimations of PO legitimacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug dependence
  human
  pharmacist
  prescription
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  cross-sectional study
  employer
  employment
  fear
  female
  gender
  logistic regression analysis
  pharmacy
  responsibility
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1154
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 21
TITLE
  Pharmacist-run medication compliance clinic in oncology patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cheng G.M.Y.
  Wong L.K.M.
  Mak T.C.Y.
  Yiu H.H.Y.
  Law K.K.M.
  Leung W.Y.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cheng G.M.Y.; Wong L.K.M.; Mak T.C.Y.; Law K.K.M.; Leung W.Y.S.) Department 
of Pharmacy, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
(Yiu H.H.Y.) Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong 
Kong, Hong Kong.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.M.Y. Cheng, Department of Pharmacy, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, 
Hong Kong.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e252-e253). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: As the oncology treatment paradigm shifts from inpatient to 
out-patient setting, patients have to be well trained to be responsible for 
managing their medications at home. Pharmacist- run medication compliance 
clinic was established to improve quality and safety of drug management in 
patients started on oral anticancer therapy.This audit aims to evaluate the 
number and type of drug-related problems (DRPs) identified. METHODS: 
Patients who were newly prescribed oral anticancer medications in Queen 
Elizabeth Hospital were referred to the pharmacist medication compliance 
clinic. Interventions made by oncology pharmacist in 2013 were documented in 
this prospective audit. Details of interventions were recorded into an 
electronic database. These interventions were then classified according to 
the nature of problem, cause, type of intervention and outcome using 
Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification scheme for DRPs. 
RESULTS: A total of 379 patients attended the clinic in 2013, with 185 
interventions recorded. Majority of DRPs were related to patients failing to 
use drug properly, and 95% could be solved by the pharmacist at patient 
level. Top three causes were inappropriate timing of administration and/or 
dosing intervals (43%), followed by drug under administered/not administered 
at all (21%) and patient unable to use drug or form as directed (5.9%). 
Capecitabine was generally failed to be taken after meals or every twelve 
hours. Drug interactions between tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and gastric acid 
inhibitors were also identified. 84% of the DRPs were rated as significant 
or above in which three of them were regarded as serious. Safe handling 
education was provided to five patients with swallowing difficulties. 
Request for additional supportive care medications were made by 31 patients. 
CONCLUSION: With pharmacist counselling, patients can be better educated to 
be responsible for managing their oral anticancer therapy in terms of 
administration, side effect management and drug interaction management. 
Supportive care medication prescribing can be a potential area for future 
development.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  capecitabine
  protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital
  human
  medication compliance
  oncology
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  classification
  counseling
  data base
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  education
  Europe
  hospital patient
  meal
  medical audit
  outpatient
  pharmaceutical care
  safety
  side effect
  stomach acid
  swallowing
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 22
TITLE
  Evaluation of a collaborative care model with pharmacist-led medication 
reviews for adults on haemodialysis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gwee X.A.
  Cheen H.H.M.
  Chow M.Y.M.
  Khee G.Y.
  Lim Y.L.C.
  Wan C.N.
  Chang W.T.
  Choong H.L.L.
  Lim P.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gwee X.A.; Cheen H.H.M.; Chow M.Y.M.; Khee G.Y.; Lim Y.L.C.; Wan C.N.; 
Chang W.T.; Lim P.S.) Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, 
Singapore, Singapore.
(Choong H.L.L.) Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, 
Singapore, Singapore.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  X.A. Gwee, Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 
Singapore.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e177). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of drugrelated 
problems (DRPs) in patients seen at the haemodialysis (HD) disease 
management clinic at an academic medical centre, and evaluate the 
effectiveness of a collaborative care (CC) model comprising of nephrologists 
and pharmacists in resolving DRPs and reducing pill burden. Secondary aims 
included identifying medication classes implicated in DRPs, evaluating the 
impact of CC on hospital admissions and exploring factors associated with 
DRPs. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included all patients 
managed by CC between January 2013 and April 2014. Study data was obtained 
from the clinic's electronic database. Patient characteristics, prevalence 
and types of DRPs and pharmacist interventions were summarized using 
descriptive statistics. Changes in number of medications and pill burden 
were compared using paired t-test. Hospital admissions were analyzed using 
Poisson regression. Factors associated with DRPs were identified using 
multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The study included 113 patients aged 
61.5 ± 10.9 years. Twenty-six (23.0%) patients were newly initiated on HD 
within 3 months, and mean HD duration was 3.4 ± 4.1 years. A total of 390 
DRPs (mean = 3.5 ± 2.3) were identified, with patients' failure to receive 
medication (42.8%), medication use without indication (15.9%) and untreated 
indication (11.5%) being the most common. Pharmacists resolved 75.6% of DRPs 
and reduced mean pill burden by 2.0 ± 3.6 (p < 0.001). Nephrologists 
accepted 69.8% of the 258 recommendations made by pharmacists. Medications 
for cardiovascular disease (23.5%), mineral and bone disorders control 
(15.9%) and anaemia control (15.4%) were commonly implicated in DRPs. A 
non-statistically significant reduction in hospital admissions was observed 
post-review (IRR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.49-1.10). Baseline number of medications (b 
= 0.205; 95% CI: 0.042-0.369) and Indian ethnicity (b = 3.502; 95% CI: 
1.791-5.213) were positively associated with DRPs. CONCLUSION: DRPs are 
highly prevalent in adults on HD. A CC model can resolve DRPs and reduce 
pill burden, translating to decreased health care utilization.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  mineral
  reducing agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  hemodialysis
  human
  model
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anemia
  bone disease
  cardiovascular disease
  data base
  disease management
  ethnicity
  health care utilization
  hospital
  hospital admission
  Indian
  multiple linear regression analysis
  nephrologist
  observational study
  patient
  pill
  prevalence
  statistics
  Student t test
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 23
TITLE
  The pharmacist's role in readmission rates in transitional care management 
in a family medicine clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Philbrick A.M.
  Harris I.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Philbrick A.M.) Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, 
University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, United States.
(Harris I.M.) Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University 
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.M. Philbrick, Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, 
University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e219). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To describe and assess the outcomes of a six month pilot of a 
Transitional Care Management (TCM) program at a family medicine clinic. 
METHODS: Patients discharged from the clinic's affiliated hospital were 
contacted within two business days of discharge and asked to make an 
appointment for hospital follow up within seven business days. If a clinical 
pharmacist was available, patients were scheduled for a joint 40 minute 
appointment with the clinical pharmacist and medical provider. During these 
visits, the pharmacist reconciled the patient's medications, updated the 
medication list in the electronic health record (EHR), provided 
comprehensive medication management (CMM), and faxed the updated medication 
list to the patient's pharmacy with instructions to discontinue all 
medications not listed. If the clinical pharmacist was not present, patients 
were scheduled for a 40 minute appointment with the medical provider, who 
was responsible for ensuring the EHR medication list was up to date. 
RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were seen for TCM during the first two months 
of the program, of which 21 (60%) were seen by a clinical pharmacist. 
Thirty-day readmission rates are available for 24 patients (16 pharmacist 
patients and 8 non-pharmacist patients), with one patient in each group 
readmitting at 30 days (p = 0.6). However the sample size is too small 
currently to detect a difference. Patient seen by the pharmacist had an 
average of 6.9 medication discrepancies and 2.86 drug-related problems 
(DRPs) identified. The most common DRP identified was indication - needs 
additional therapy (33.3% of all DRPs). Eighty percent of DRPs were 
resolved; the remaining were to be implemented at the next visit. The study 
is ongoing and six month data will be reported. CONCLUSION: A clinical 
pharmacist provides a valuable role in the TCM process by not only 
identifying and resolving medication discrepancies, but also by identifying 
and resolving drugrelated problems.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  family medicine
  hospital
  hospital readmission
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  commercial phenomena
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  follow up
  medication therapy management
  patient
  pharmacy
  sample size
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 24
TITLE
  Pharmacist-led medication review for elderly with fall-related admissions in 
Hong Kong
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cheung K.
  Chan C.C.
  Yim T.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cheung K.; Chan C.C.) Department of Pharmacy, United Christian Hospital, 
Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
(Yim T.K.) Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, 
Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Cheung, Department of Pharmacy, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, 
Hong Kong.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e246-e247). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Certain medications, e.g. psychoactive drugs, and polypharmacy have 
been shown to increase fall risk in the elderly. This paper aims at 
describing the development, delivery, and preliminary outcomes of 
pharmacist-led medication review as part of a multidisciplinary fall 
assessment and prevention program for elderly in an acute hospital in Hong 
Kong. METHODS: Two clinical pharmacists have become members of a 
multidisciplinary fall assessment team since October 2014. A list of 
fall-risk increasing drugs (FRID) was compiled based on literature review. A 
pharmacist fall assessment form was then developed to address four 
medication-related fall risks, namely, (1) use of FRID, (2) anticholinergic 
burden, (3) polypharmacy and (4) medication nonadherence. A senior 
geriatrician referred elderly patients admitted for falls with or without 
hip fracture to clinical pharmacists for medication review. Clinical 
pharmacists then provided bedside patient interview for medication 
reconciliation, assessment of patients' medication-related fall risks, and 
identification of adverse drug reactions and other drug-related problems. 
When appropriate, clinical pharmacists provided recommendations on 
optimizing patients' drug regimen directly to physicians. RESULTS: Between 
October and December 2014, clinical pharmacists interviewed 133 patients and 
made 36 interventions that were all accepted by physicians. Nature of these 
interventions and their relative frequencies were summarized as below: 
(Table presented) CONCLUSION: Pharmacists can play an important role in 
minimizing medication-related fall risks and managing various drugrelated 
problems through comprehensive medication review for geriatric patients 
admitted for falls.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cholinergic receptor blocking agent
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aged
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  Hong Kong
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  fall risk
  geriatric patient
  geriatrician
  hip fracture
  hospital
  interview
  medication therapy management
  patient
  physician
  polypharmacy
  prevention
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 25
TITLE
  Association between discharge pharmacist counseling techniques and hospital 
readmission rate
AUTHOR NAMES
  Abulezz IV R.
  Alaifan III T.
  Al-Azmi III A.
  Attar IV A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Abulezz IV R.) Pharmacy Department, Prince Mohamed bin Abdulaziz Hospital- 
NGHA, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
(Alaifan III T.) Internal Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Dentistry 
Western University, London, Canada.
(Al-Azmi III A.) Pharmaceutical care, King Abdulaziz Medical 
City-Jeddah-NGHA, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
(Attar IV A.) School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Abulezz IV, Pharmacy Department, Prince Mohamed bin Abdulaziz Hospital- 
NGHA, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e191). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: We evaluated the impact of a new discharge counseling technique on 
patients' readmission rate and on identifying medication discrepancies 
during discharge. METHODS: A retrospective investigational study was 
conducted to compare the 30-day readmission rate among patients subjected to 
the new counseling method with those of the standard methods (primary 
objective). The secondary objective was to evaluate the frequency and types 
of drug-related problems detected at the time of discharge among both 
groups. Inclusion criteria were patients who were counseled using the new 
counseling technique and all patients who were counseled using the standard 
techniques over a period of 2 months. RESULTS: We identified 191 patients 
counseled using the standard technique and 233 patients counseled using the 
new technique. The readmission rate was lower by approximately 28% for the 
new counseling technique (21.5%) compared with those subjected to the 
standard one (29.8%; p < 0.05; OR: 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 
1.002-2.418). The discrepancies were more frequently detected among patients 
who were subjected to the new technique (20.6%) compared with those who were 
counseled using the standard technique (5.2%; p < 0.05). There were 
statistically significant differences regarding the type of diagnosis and 
sex between the two groups. The adjusted odds ratio for readmission within 
30 days is 1.876 (95% CI, 1.162-3.028; p = 0.01) after adjusting for sex, 
and diagnosis, number of identified discrepancies, and number of 
medications. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the new discharge counseling 
technique was associated with a lower readmission rate and improved 
detection of identified discrepancies 4 times more than the standard 
technique for identified high-risk adult and pediatric patients. 
Larger-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  counseling
  hospital readmission
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  confidence interval
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  patient
  prospective study
  risk
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 26
TITLE
  Provision of pharmacy interventions to promote medication safety in a 
selected medical center in the Philippines-great catch program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Docuyanan H.F.
  Robles M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Docuyanan H.F.) Philippine Society of Hospital Pharmacists (PSHP), Makati 
City, Philippines.
(Robles M.J.) Department of Pharmacy Services, Clinical Pharmacy Section, 
Makati Medical Center, Makati City, Philippines.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.F. Docuyanan, Philippine Society of Hospital Pharmacists (PSHP), Makati 
City, Philippines.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e251). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To provide pharmacy interventions in order to prevent medication 
errors, and promote medication safety. METHODS: Prospective, date gathering 
of interventions provided There are several stages in the medication 
management system when pharmacy interventions are provided by either the 
inpatient pharmacist or the clinical pharmacist. The stages are: 
prescribing, transcribing, drug appropriateness review, medication order 
review and drug therapy monitoring (clinical pharmacy rounds) and 
administration validation through Medication Administration Record review. 
Every time the pharmacist identifies a drug-related problem, he/she provides 
interventions - will refer to the prescribing physician or the nurse and 
recommend resolutions so that errors are intercepted or corrected. 
Documentation is done for every intervention. Data is reported to the 
Medication Safety Subcommittee and Therapeutics Committee for system 
improvement initiatives. Pharmacists with the most number of interventions 
are recognized and appreciated every month and a special award is given at 
the end of the year. RESULTS: Pharmacy interventions are greatly useful 
during the prescribing stage and transcribing stage. These are where most of 
the errors are intercepted and corrected. Pharmacy interventions are usually 
provided during the drug appropriateness review and clinical pharmacy 
rounds. Doctors and nurses are the most common persons contacted in order to 
resolve the identified problem. The most common resolutions are to initiate 
new drug order, corrected the error or clarify the order. Average acceptance 
rate to the intervention is 98.7%. The average time to resolve the 
intervention is 11 minutes. CONCLUSION: Provision of pharmacy interventions 
intercepts and prevents medication errors. It also promotes patient safety 
by identifying potential harm caused by drug interactions or drug reactions, 
and recommending solutions accordingly. The great catch program through 
provision of pharmacy interventions is one of the effective tools in 
developing a culture of safety.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  new drug
  nonoxinol 9
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  pharmacy
  Philippines
  safety
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  awards and prizes
  documentation
  drug interaction
  hospital patient
  human
  medical record review
  medication error
  medication therapy management
  monitoring
  nurse
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  physician
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 27
TITLE
  Advancing pharmacy practice through a novel chronic myeloid leukemia 
ambulatory care in Brazil: Structure, process and results
AUTHOR NAMES
  Okumura L.
  Antunes V.
  Aguiar K.
  Farias T.
  Andrzejevski V.
  Funke V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Okumura L.) Clinical Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy Division, Hospital De 
Clínicas De Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
(Antunes V.; Aguiar K.; Farias T.; Andrzejevski V.; Funke V.) Clinical 
Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Okumura, Clinical Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy Division, Hospital De 
Clínicas De Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e258). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) has become a longstanding disease 
after the introduction of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI). Thenceforth, 
adherence to this drug class is one of the most important clinical 
endpoints, when treating such hematologic neoplasm. Pharmacists-driven 
ambulatory services comprise an interesting strategy to promote adherence 
within CML patients, but few studies have been addressing innovation on 
these services. This pilot study aims to characterize a novel clinical 
pharmacy service to CML patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study 
conducted in a Brazilian University Hospital (Reference Hematology Centre). 
We retrospectively collected demographic and clinical data from CML patients 
on TKI therapy, who were attended by clinical pharmacists in 2014. Data were 
expressed as descriptive statistics. We also described the structure, 
process (how patients were selected to consultations) and results (number of 
Drug-Related Problems and interventions) from this service. RESULTS: Based 
on chart reviews, patients were selected to pharmacists' consultation on the 
day before physicians' consultations. In the aforementioned setting, there 
were 300 patients/year receiving TKI therapy, and clinical pharmacists 
provided consultations to 150 patients, which were predominantly men (55%) 
with 51.7 (±15.5) years old. Most of them had 1 (IQR=2) comorbidity and were 
on 3 (IQR=3) medications. Regarding CML, most of them were on adequate 
response to therapy (105 achieved Major or Complete Molecular Response). 
Pharmacists identified 70 drug-related problems, of which 10 were related to 
incorrect TKI administration (with or without food) and 16 were due to TKI 
dose omission (due to unmanaged adverse reactions). CONCLUSION: Chart 
reviews before pharmacists consultations organized the ambulatory service by 
selecting relevant patients with confirmed or suspected drug therapy 
problems, which were solved within medical staff, patients or caregivers. 
Consulting patients before physicians could also address a thorough 
assessment on incorrect TKI use before suggesting tumor resistance or 
disease progression.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ambulatory care
  American
  Brazil
  chronic myeloid leukemia
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  Brazilian
  caregiver
  clinical study
  comorbidity
  consultation
  cross-sectional study
  disease course
  drug therapy
  food
  hematologic disease
  hematology
  hospital department
  human
  male
  medical record review
  medical staff
  patient
  pharmacist
  physician
  pilot study
  statistics
  therapy
  tumor resistance
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 28
TITLE
  Development and Implementation of a pharmaceutical care skills course in 
Uganda through the Fulbright specialist program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bohan K.B.
  Adome R.O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bohan K.B.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wilkes University, Wilkes- 
Barre, United States.
(Adome R.O.) Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.B. Bohan, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wilkes University, Wilkes- 
Barre, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e237-e238). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: The curriculum of the Bachelors of Pharmacy program at Makerere 
University (MU) in Kampala, Uganda is primarily didactic and 
knowledge-based. Although students learn therapeutics in the classroom 
setting, there is little skills or experiential training provided. The goal 
of this project was to develop and implement curriculum to train 
undergraduate pharmacy students in the skills required to perform 
Pharmaceutical Care (PC) during patient interactions to improve medication 
use. METHODS: A collaboration between MU and the Fulbright Specialist 
Program provided support for three trips to Uganda. A needs assessment to 
inventory the current curriculum and identify gaps in the teaching of 
knowledge and skills was conducted in trip 1. Findings were used to write 
learning outcomes and a PC Clinical Skills Lab (PCSL) was developed to meet 
theses outcomes. It was taught during trip 2 using a train-the-teacher model 
for faculty development. The PCSL also included an experiential component at 
the university teaching hospital. Preceptor training materials were 
developed. During trip 3, the learning outcomes were assessed using OSCEs 
and reflective writing. RESULTS: In fall 2014, nine classes of the PCSL were 
taught to both 3rd and 4th year Bachelors of Pharmacy students. Topics 
included patient interview skills, counseling, communicating with healthcare 
providers, and drug therapy problem identification and management. During 
the OSCE, 3rd year students outperformed 4th year students. Reflective 
writing demonstrated stu-dents were using the new skills to care for 
patients and improved throughout the term. CONCLUSION: The PCSL successfully 
taught Ugandan pharmacy students how to interact with patients and 
collaborate with other healthcare providers to improve medication use. It 
was well accepted by both students and faculty and will be taught again in 
Fall 2015.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  medical specialist
  pharmaceutical care
  skill
  Uganda
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  counseling
  curriculum
  drug therapy
  health care personnel
  interview
  learning
  model
  needs assessment
  patient
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  problem identification
  student
  teacher
  teaching
  teaching hospital
  therapy
  Ugandan
  university
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 29
TITLE
  How and when Chilean Pharmacology started to be experimental and became a 
science
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bustos G.
  Renard G.M.
  Noriega V.
  Sotomayor-Zárate R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bustos G., gbustos@bio.puc.cl; Renard G.M.; Noriega V.; Sotomayor-Zárate 
R.) Sociedad de Farmacología de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 
Independencia, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
(Renard G.M.; Sotomayor-Zárate R.) Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de 
Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
(Noriega V.) Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, 
Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Bustos, Sociedad de Farmacología de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 
Independencia, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
SOURCE
  Pharmacological Research (2015) 101 (2-8). Date of Publication: 1 Nov 2015
ISSN
  1096-1186 (electronic)
  1043-6618
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academic Press
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacology in Chile has about 75 years of history and from its beginning 
until today has grown exponentially. Today, pharmacology is taught in the 
biomedical careers of the main Chilean universities and research centers in 
pharmacology are in the north, central and south of Chile. This editorial 
offers an overview of the main milestones that have led to the consolidation 
of Chilean pharmacology in Latin America and the world.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacological science
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  article
  Chile
  concept formation
  drug abuse
  drug interaction
  drug research
  education program
  experimental model
  human
  marketing
  medical society
  nonhuman
  priority journal
  psychopharmacology
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015218365
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 30
TITLE
  Impact of clerkship attachments on students' attitude towards pharmaceutical 
care in Ethiopia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sabe Z.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sabe Z.S.) University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Z.S. Sabe, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
SOURCE
  Value in Health (2015) 18:7 (A541). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  ISPOR 18th Annual European Congress
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Milan, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-11-07 to 2015-11-11
ISSN
  1098-3015
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the impact of mandatory 
clinical clerkship courses on fifth year pharmacy students' attitudes and 
perceived barriers toward providing pharmaceutical care (PC). Methods: A 
cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5th year pharmacy students 
undertaking mandatory clinical clerkship in the University of Gondar, 
Ethiopia. A pharmaceutical care attitudes survey (PCAS) questionnaire was 
used to assess the attitude (14 items), commonly identified drug-related 
problem/s (1 item) during clerkships, and perceived barriers (12 items) 
toward the provision of PC. Statistical analysis was conducted on the 
retrieved data. Results: Among the total of 69 clerkship students, 65 
participated and completed the survey (94.2% response rate). Overall, 74.45% 
of participants had positive attitude toward PC provision. Almost all 
respondents agreed that the primary responsibility of pharmacists in the 
healthcare setting was to prevent and solve medication-related problems 
(98.5%), practice of PC was valuable (89.3%), and the PC movement will 
improve patient health (95.4%), respectively. Unnecessary drug therapy 
(43%), drug-drug interactions (33%), and non-adherence to medications (33%) 
were the most common drug-related problems identified in wards. Highly 
perceived barriers for PC provision included lack of a workplace for 
counseling in the pharmacy (75.4%), a poor image of pharmacist's role in 
wards (67.7%), and inadequate technology in the pharmacy (64.6%). Lack of 
access to a patient's medical record in the pharmacy had significant 
association (P< 0.05) with PC practice, performance of PC during clerkship 
and provision of PC as clinical pharmacists Conclusions: Students attending 
the new clinical pharmacy program in Ethiopia have a good attitude toward 
pharmaceutical care. However, the barriers to pharmaceutical care need to be 
addressed by integrating PC provision with pharmacy practice.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Ethiopia
  European
  human
  pharmaceutical care
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical education
  clinical pharmacy
  counseling
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  health
  health care
  medical record
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  questionnaire
  responsibility
  statistical analysis
  technology
  university
  ward
  workplace
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 31
TITLE
  Implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive medication review in 
patient centered medical home
AUTHOR NAMES
  Yoo A.
  Marcelino M.
  Remington T.
  Choe H.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Yoo A.; Marcelino M.) University of Michigan Health System, United States.
(Remington T.; Choe H.M.) University of Michigan Health System, University 
of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Yoo, University of Michigan Health System, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e214). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: The elderly and those on high numbers of medications are at greater 
risk of having drug-related problems. There are many challenges in wide 
dissemination of CMR by community pharmacists due to lack of patient 
engagement and provider acceptance of pharmacist's therapeutic 
recommendations. Most recent national statistics showed only 6% of eligible 
patients received CMR. In 2016, CMR participation rate will be included in 
the STAR rating. Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) pharmacists provide a 
unique solution to current delivery of CMR. The primary objective is to 
measure participation rates for CMR-eligible patients and develop effective 
strategies for patient outreach and provider engagement. The secondary 
objective is to measure patient satisfaction. METHODS: U-M prescription drug 
plan members taking five or more chronic prescription medications (not 
including over the counter and herbal medications) were offered CMR service 
with a PCMH clinical pharmacist. Student pharmacists of University of 
Michigan College of Pharmacy enrolled eligible patients via telephone. The 
service included two appointments (face-to-face or telephone) in which the 
pharmacist evaluated medications for safety, efficacy, and cost. 
Recommendations were communicated to the treating specialist and primary 
care provider and then implemented at the follow up appointment. RESULTS: 
From January 15, 2014 until September 15, 2014, 270 of 489 (55.2%) eligible 
patients agreed to partake in the CMR service. Of those patients who were 
actually reached, 69.1% agreed to participate.Out of 133 surveys, on a 
5-likert scale (1 = worst and 5 = most), patients found the service to be 
helpful (avg 4.68), comfortable (avg 4.93), useful (avg 4.67), comfortable 
(avg 4.93), convenient (avg 4.65) and was overall satisfied (avg 4.75). 
CONCLUSION: Integrating CMR into a PCMH university setting in which PCMH 
pharmacists have existing professional relationships with providers has 
shown to increase patient participation rate compared to national 
statistics. Patients are also highly satisfied with the service as well.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  hospital patient
  human
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  follow up
  Likert scale
  medical specialist
  patient
  patient participation
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  primary medical care
  risk
  safety
  statistics
  student
  telephone
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 32
TITLE
  Development of an innovative technology-driven transitions of care service 
to improve medication use in rural populations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Frail C.K.
  Garza O.W.
  Huet A.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Frail C.K.; Garza O.W.) Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, University 
of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, United States.
(Huet A.L.) Jackson Pharmacy and Wellness Center, Jackson Center, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.K. Frail, Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, University of Minnesota, 
College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:11 (e216). Date of Publication: November 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2015 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-17 to 2015-10-21
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Pharmacist-driven transitions of care have demonstrated the ability 
to reduce hospital re-admissions and improve patient outcomes. However, 
access to pharmacy services in rural areas limit opportunities for patients 
to benefit from face-to-face pharmacist care within the critical time period 
immediately following discharge. An innovative approach to in-home 
medication reconciliation and patient education supported by technology is 
one solution to increasing access to care for this population. METHODS: This 
service is based on a partnership between a community pharmacy organization 
and nearby hospitals in rural Ohio. Upon discharge, the pharmacist 
reconciles and coordinates the hospital discharge orders with their 
community pharmacy records, the primary care provider, and the patient. 
Post-discharge medications are dispensed in a calendarized adherence 
packaging system. Medications are delivered to the patient's home by the 
community pharmacy's delivery service. At delivery, the patient receives 
education from the pharmacist via videoconferencing on a computer tablet. 
Unneeded medications are removed from the patient's home to prevent 
confusion. Pharmacists follow up with patients as needed based on their 
specific needs. RESULTS: Data is currently being collected in order to 
empirically evaluate this process. Outcomes include re-admissions at 30 and 
180 days following discharge and patient satisfaction with the service. 
Pharmacists also document drug therapy problems identified during medication 
reconciliation. CONCLUSION: This innovative pharmacist care model may offer 
a solution to increasing access to pharmacy services for underserved 
patients during a critical transition in care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  rural population
  technology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  computer
  education
  follow up
  hospital
  hospital department
  hospital discharge
  medication therapy management
  model
  packaging
  patient
  patient education
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  population
  primary medical care
  rural area
  tablet
  United States
  videoconferencing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 33
TITLE
  Patient-centered pharmacy services: A descriptive report
AUTHOR NAMES
  McKain M.
  O'Neil C.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McKain M.; O'Neil C.K., oneilc@duq.edu) Duquesne University, Mylan School 
of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.K. O'Neil, Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes 
Avenue, Pittsburgh, United States. Email: oneilc@duq.edu
SOURCE
  Consultant Pharmacist (2015) 30:11 (664-670). Date of Publication: 1 Nov 
2015
ISSN
  0888-5109
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, 1321 Duke Street, Alexandria, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  This paper describes a proactive, patient-centered, interprofessional 
approach to medication review in a long-term care facility. Clinical 
pharmacy services were provided to residents in multiple high-risk areas 
including transition of care; medication reconciliation; monitoring of 
infectious disease, pain, anticoagulation, psychotropic drugs, and falls; 
and requested consults for any change in condition. Process outcomes were 
evaluated, specifically the number of patients reviewed, number and type of 
recommendations made, and acceptance rate of recommendations by physicians; 
1,333 medication regimen reviews were conducted. A total of 274 
recommendations were made, and 56 recommendations were excluded as "lost to 
follow-up" because the recommendation was not acknowledged by the physician. 
Of the 218 acknowledged recommendations, 157 (72%) were accepted. Collective 
workload statistics suggest that the service identified and eliminated 
potential drugrelated problems such as inappropriate medications, drug 
interactions, and discrepancies during medication reconciliation. The large 
number of reviews conducted in a short time period show that there is a need 
for regular pharmacist review.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital department
  patient care
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  anticoagulation
  article
  clinical pharmacy
  drug monitoring
  falling
  health care facility
  human
  infection
  long term care
  medication error
  medication therapy management
  outcome assessment
  pain
  workload
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160125881
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2015.664
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 34
TITLE
  Evaluation of urban-rural differences in pharmacy practice needs in Maine 
with the MaPPNA
AUTHOR NAMES
  Martin S.L.
  Baker R.P.
  Piper B.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Martin S.L., martinsar@husson.edu; Baker R.P., bakerr@husson.edu) School of 
Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, United States.
(Piper B.J., bpiper@bowdoin.edu) Bowdoin College, Brunswick, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Practice (2015) 13:4. Date of Publication: 1 Oct 2015
ISSN
  1886-3655 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica, catedra@farmacare.com
ABSTRACT
  Background: Maine is a rural state with an aging population located in the 
northeastern United States. Pharmacists play an important role in serving 
the public’s health as they are often the most available point-of-contact 
within a community. Objective: To assess the current pharmacy practice needs 
as viewed by licensed pharmacists across our rural state, and to distinguish 
issues that are unique to rural pharmacy practice. Methods: An online survey 
was sent to all licensed pharmacists in the state in the fall of 2014 
(n=1,262) to assess their pharmacy practice needs, and specify an 
rural-specific needs, within the categories of (1) opioid misuse, abuse, and 
diversion, (2) challenges associated with access to healthcare, (3) 
poly-pharmacy use, (4) meeting the needs of special populations, (5) lack of 
antibiotic stewardship, and (6) resources, such as staffing. Results: The 
response rate was 22.1 % (n=279). We found the most agreed upon issue facing 
pharmacists’ in Maine is opioid use, misuse and diversion, followed closely 
by shortages in staffing. We also learned that pharmacists’ view 
pharmaceutical care for older adults, those with low health literacy, and 
those with mental disabilities more time-consuming. Some urban-rural 
differences were discovered in with regard to the pharmacists’ views; such 
as the magnitude of the distance barrier, and limited transportation options 
available to rural residents. Issues related to polypharmacy were viewed as 
more problematic by pharmacists practicing in urban versus rural sites. 
Conclusions: Pharmaceutical care in Maine must focus on meeting the needs of 
the elderly, those with disabilities, and those with limited health 
literacy. As with the rest of the nation, opioids challenge pharmacy 
practice in a variety of ways. These findings clarify areas that present 
opportunities for pharmacists to focus more specifically on Maine’s largely 
rural population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care practice
  pharmacy
  urban rural difference
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  correlation analysis
  drug misuse
  health care facility
  health care personnel
  health care survey
  health insurance
  health literacy
  human
  information processing
  internal consistency
  licence
  medication therapy management
  mental deficiency
  online system
  personnel management
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  polypharmacy
  primary medical care
  professional knowledge
  public health
  traffic and transport
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20160006014
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2015.04.669
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 35
TITLE
  Impact of pharmacovigilance multifaceted educational intervention on 
knowledge, skills and attitudes of a multidisciplinary healthcare team
AUTHOR NAMES
  Varallo F.
  Planeta C.
  Mastroianni P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Varallo F.; Mastroianni P.) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UNESP, Univ 
Estadual Paulista-Araraquara SP, Drugs and Medicine, Araraquara, Brazil.
(Planeta C.) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UNESP, Univ Estadual 
Paulista-Araraquara SP, Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, 
Araraquara, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. Varallo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences-UNESP, Univ Estadual 
Paulista-Araraquara SP, Drugs and Medicine, Araraquara, Brazil.
SOURCE
  Drug Safety (2015) 38:10 (1037). Date of Publication: October 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th ISoP Annual Meeting "Cubism in Pharmacovigilance"
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Prague, Czech Republic
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-27 to 2015-10-30
ISSN
  0114-5916
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer International Publishing
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Most educational interventions in pharmacovigilance are 
designed to motivate physicians to report adverse drug reactions (ADR) [1, 
2]. However, multidisciplinary health teams may play an important role in 
alerting authorities about drug-related problems. Aim: We assess the impact 
of a multifaceted educational intervention in pharmacovigilance on the 
knowledge, skills and attitudes of hospital health professionals. Methods: 
We performed a longitudinal, non-randomized study in a general and public 
hospital of medium complexity with 104 beds in São Paulo, Brazil. We 
conducted educational intervention for 173 professionals on 
multidisciplinary health care teams via (1) presentation of a lecture about 
the landscape, importance and concepts related to pharmacovigilance; (2) 
classroom time to elucidate how to correctly fill out adverse drug event 
(ADE) reports; (3) distribution of educational manual and (4) the 
application of a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes and skills in 
pharmacovigilance. The impact of intervention on knowledge and skills was 
assessed by comparison of answers of questionnaire with gold-standard 
parameters: minimum and desired criteria [3] to fill the ADE form and 
definitions of World Health Organization and Pan American Health 
Organization [4]. The impact on attitudes was evaluated by follow up of the 
prevalence of adverse drug events (ADE) reported in 12 months prior and 
before intervention. Mann-Whitney statistical test was applied to verify 
significant difference between both periods. Results: Educational 
intervention was effective for acquisition of knowledge (p<0.0001) and 
skills (p<0.0001) in pharmacovigilance and increased the prevalence of ADE 
reports by 185-fold. Drug-related problems included medication errors (n = 
165), ADR (n = 26), quality deviations (n = 18) and therapeutic failures (n 
= 5). Nursing staff reported the majority of cases (n = 150), followed by 
pharmacists (n = 29), physicians (n = 6) and physiotherapists (n = 1). 
Conclusions: Multifaceted education intervention is effective at changing 
the behaviour of multidisciplinary teams to detect and alert suspicions ADE, 
as well as to aware them about drug safety. Therefore, the inclusion of all 
health professionals in post-market surveillance is an important strategy to 
decrease ADE underreporting and improve risks communication associated with 
drug use.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  health care
  skill
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  book
  Brazil
  drug safety
  drug use
  education
  follow up
  gold standard
  health
  health practitioner
  hospital
  human
  interpersonal communication
  landscape
  market
  medication error
  nursing staff
  parameters
  pharmacist
  physician
  physiotherapist
  prevalence
  public hospital
  questionnaire
  risk
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-015-0346-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 36
TITLE
  Health literacy skills and correct use of medicines in the Netherlands: A 
study in community pharmacies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Koster E.S.
  Philbert D.
  Bouvy M.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Koster E.S.; Philbert D.; Bouvy M.L.) UPPER, Pharmacoepidemiology and 
Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.S. Koster, UPPER, Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht 
University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
SOURCE
  Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (2015) 24 Supplement 1 (161-162). Date 
of Publication: 1 Sep 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  31st International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapeutic Risk 
Management
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Boston, MA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-08-22 to 2015-08-26
ISSN
  1053-8569
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: Health literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, understand 
and apply information to make appropriate health decisions. Health literacy 
is specific and depends on the context, meaning that each situation requires 
specific skills. Most previous research has been performed in the US, and 
research in the context of medication use is limited. Objectives: The study 
aimed to study the prevalence of limited health literacy among adult 
pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands and to assess the association between 
health literacy and understanding of medical information. Methods: A 
cross-sectional study was performed in 33 community pharmacies belonging to 
the Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research. Adult 
pharmacy visitors (aged ≥18 years) were approached in the pharmacy waiting 
area and invited for a brief interview including the Newest Vital Sign 
(NVS), a validated health literacy assessment measure, and questions about 
understanding of standard drug label instructions. Results: A total of 984 
pharmacy visitors were included in the study (44% response rate): 63% were 
female, mean age was 56 years and the majority was of native origin (84%). 
Based on NVS scores, 52% had limited health literacy skills. Pharmacy 
visitors with limited health literacy skills had significant lower 
understanding of drug label instructions (p<0.001). Conclusions: 
Approximately half of the pharmacy visitors in this study had limited health 
literacy skills. These individuals experienced more difficulties 
understanding medical information. There is a need to identify patients with 
limited literacy skills in an early stage of treatment to provide tailored 
care as these patients might be at increased risk for drug-related problems 
caused by misunderstanding of information.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health literacy
  Netherlands
  skill
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  clinical study
  cross-sectional study
  drug abuse
  female
  human
  interview
  male
  medical information
  prevalence
  vital sign
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3838
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 37
TITLE
  Results of Turkish smoking cessation polyclinics data's analysis (TUSPA 
study)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Özlü T.
  Öztuna F.
  Er M.
  Aydin L.Y.
  Uysal A.
  Sengezer T.
  Çetinkaya P.D.
  Yasar Z.
  Sarioglu N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Özlü T.; Öztuna F.; Er M.; Aydin L.Y.; Uysal A.; Sengezer T.; Çetinkaya 
P.D.; Yasar Z.; Sarioglu N.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Özlü,
SOURCE
  European Respiratory Journal (2015) 46 SUPPL. 59. Date of Publication: 1 Sep 
2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Amsterdam, Netherlands
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-09-26 to 2015-09-30
ISSN
  0903-1936
BOOK PUBLISHER
  European Respiratory Society
ABSTRACT
  Aim: The aim of this multicentric, retrospective study is to establish 
smoking cessation success and the factors associated with these in Turkey. 
Methods: This study was attended by 26 Smoking Cessation Polyclinics from 
different regions of Turkey and received 4497 patients (2748 male and 1749 
female), retrospectively. Results: The reason of patient's initiation of 
smoking was inclination to imitate in 45.2% cases. Smoking Cessation 
Polyclinics' patients were predominantly university graduated (56.3%), 
high-very high nicotine dependent (56.5%), income-generating employed 
(67.2%), with comorbid disease (66.9%). Ratio of patients, who have 
adherence to planned polyclinics visit was 36.2%. The ratio of patients, who 
had received pharmacotherapy was 56.8%. High education level was 58.6 %, 
level of high-very high nicotine dependence was 59.1 %, ratio of regular 
control was 56.1%, ratio of pharmacotherapy was 74.6%, ratio of had 
income-generating employment was 71%.1 in trying to quit groups (p<0.005). 
The success rates in patients at the end of the first month, third, sixth 
and twelfth were 53.5%, 43.3%, 37.4% and %31.3 respectively. Success rates 
were not different between men and women (Log Rank p=0.187). We observed 
that appearance of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, existing comorbid diseases 
and high level of nicotine dependence were independent risk factors for 
restart smoking. Also, advanced age, pharmacotherapy use, environmental 
support and regular control were independent risk factors for smoke free 
time. Conclusions: Highly dependent patients is a risk groups for restart 
smoking, therefor pharmacotherapy should be carefully planned and followed 
up.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  data analysis
  European
  outpatient department
  smoking cessation
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  diseases
  drug therapy
  education
  employment
  female
  high risk population
  human
  income
  male
  patient
  retrospective study
  risk factor
  smoke
  smoking
  tobacco dependence
  university
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress2015.PA5126
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 38
TITLE
  Applicability of a systematic tool to reduce inappropriate prescribing in 
adults with an intellectual disability: A pilot study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zaal R.J.
  Ebbers S.
  Borms M.
  De Koning B.
  Van Den Bemt P.M.L.A.
  Evenhuis H.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zaal R.J.; Van Den Bemt P.M.L.A.) Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 
Netherlands.
(Ebbers S.) DeSeizoenen, Oploo, Netherlands.
(Borms M.) Het Raamwerk, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands.
(De Koning B.) Pluryn, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(Evenhuis H.M.) Family Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.J. Zaal, Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
SOURCE
  Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (2015) 24 Supplement 1 (100-101). Date 
of Publication: 1 Sep 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  31st International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapeutic Risk 
Management
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Boston, MA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-08-22 to 2015-08-26
ISSN
  1053-8569
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: For older patients with polypharmacy in the general population, 
a Systematic Tool to Reduce Inappropriate Prescribing (STRIP) has been 
developed, based on START/STOPP criteria. Although annual medication review 
is recommended for people with an intellectual disability (ID), a specific 
tool for this population is not available. Objectives: This pilot study was 
performed to evaluate the applicability of STRIP in adults with ID living in 
a centralized setting. Methods: This pilot study was performed in three care 
organizations. In each organization, nine clients with polypharmacy (i.e. 
concomitant use of ≥5 drugs), their legal representatives and mentors were 
invited for a review using STRIP. The reviews were performed by the 
responsible pharmacists and the investigators (resident ID physicians). 
Primary outcome was the applicability according to the following criteria: 
(1) a client and/or his legal representative were present during at least 
80% of the reviews; (2) at least 80% of the mentors were involved in the 
medication review; (3) medication review identifies drug-related problems; 
(4) at least 67% of the interventions to resolve drug-related problems were 
implemented 6months after the review; and (5) medication review results in 
net savings of medication costs, assuming that at least 67% of the 
interventions were implemented. Results: The client and/or a legal 
representative were present during 25 of 27 reviews (93%), and all 27 
mentors (100%) were involved (complies with criteria 1 and 2). In total, 127 
drug-related problems were identified, and for each patient, at least one 
problem was detected (complies with criterion 3). Six months after review, 
15.7% of the interventions were partially or completely implemented (does 
not comply with criterion 4). When the implementation grade would have been 
67%, medication review would have resulted in net savings of medication 
costs of €20 636 (complies with criterion 5). Conclusions: STRIP seems 
applicable to adults with an ID, but the implementation of suggested 
interventions was too low. To improve the implementation grade, the treating 
physician should be involved in the review process.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  inappropriate prescribing
  intellectual impairment
  pilot study
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  controlled study
  drug abuse
  human
  major clinical study
  organization
  pharmacist
  polypharmacy
  resident
  teacher
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3838
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 39
TITLE
  Evaluation of outpatient medication reconciliation involving student 
pharmacists at a comprehensive cancer center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ashjian E.
  Salamin L.B.
  Eschenburg K.
  Kraft S.
  Mackler E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ashjian E.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Oregon State University/Oregon 
Health and Science University, College of Pharmacy, Portland, United States.
(Salamin L.B.; Kraft S.; Mackler E., emackler@gmail.com) Michigan Oncology 
Quality Consortium, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 
1227 S. Forest Ave., Ann Arbor, United States.
(Eschenburg K.) Cancer Center Infusion, Department of Pharmacy Services, 
University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, United States.
(Mackler E., emackler@gmail.com) University of Michigan, College of 
Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Mackler, Michigan Oncology Quality Consortium, University of Michigan, 
Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1227 S. Forest Ave., Ann Arbor, United States. 
Email: emackler@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:5 (540-545). Date 
of Publication: 1 Sep 2015
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, InfoCenter@aphanet.org
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To determine the number of discrepancies and medication-related 
problems found as a result of pharmacy-led medication reconciliation 
involving introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) students at a 
comprehensive cancer center. Setting: Outpatient infusion center of a 
National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated and National Comprehensive Cancer 
Network (NCCN) cancer center. Practice description and innovation: 
Third-year IPPE students contacted and completed medication reconciliation 
for 510 hematology/oncology patients scheduled for infusion center 
appointments without a coupled provider visit. IPPE students discussed the 
findings of the medication reconciliations with their pharmacist preceptors, 
who updated the medication histories in the electronic medical record (EMR) 
and communicated with prescribers directly about identified 
medication-related problems. All medication reconciliation was documented 
using a standardized note template in the EMR. Main outcome measures: Number 
of medication discrepancies found, including medication additions, 
medication deletions, dose changes, and herbal product additions; 
medication-related problems-including drug-drug interactions, untreated 
indications (e.g., nausea, vomiting, pain, need for prophylactic 
medications), failure of patients to receive prescribed medications, and 
adverse drug reactions-were also documented. Results: Medication 
reconciliation was completed for 510 patients through the student 
pharmacist/pharmacist preceptor-led intervention during a 1-year period 
between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2013. A total of 88% of patients 
had at least one discrepancy identified in their medication history and 
corrected in the EMR. In addition, 11.4% of patients had a 
medication-related problem identified. Conclusions: Pharmacy-led medication 
reconciliation identified a large number of discrepancies among our 
hematology/oncology patients. This intervention allowed for correction of 
discrepancies in the EMR leading to improved accuracy of patient medication 
lists. In addition, it provided a valuable learning experience for student 
pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  outpatient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacist student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cancer center
  comprehensive cancer center
  drug interaction
  electronic medical record
  human
  introductory pharmacy practice experience
  pharmacist attitude
  prescription
  work experience
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015392415
MEDLINE PMID
  26359964 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359964)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14214
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 40
TITLE
  Patient's drug therapy: Clinical impact of pharmacist's intervention in 
neurological rehabilitation units
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hubault M.
  Petit N.
  Jacquin-Courtois S.
  Charpiat B.
  Luauté J.
  Rode G.
  Janoly-Dumenil A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hubault M., marie.hubault@chuyon.fr; Petit N.; Jacquin-Courtois S.) CHU, 
Hôpital H.-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Saint-Genis-Laval, France.
(Charpiat B.) CHU, Hôpital De La Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils De Lyon, 
France.
(Luauté J.; Rode G.; Janoly-Dumenil A.) CHU, Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, 
Hospices Civils De Lyon, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Hubault, CHU, Hôpital H.-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils De Lyon, 
Saint-Genis-Laval, France. Email: marie.hubault@chuyon.fr
SOURCE
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (2015) 58 SUPPL. 1 (e62-e63). 
Date of Publication: September 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  30th Annual Congress of the French Society of Physical and Rehabilitation 
Medicine
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Montpellier, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-10-08 to 2015-10-15
ISSN
  1877-0657
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Masson SAS
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Inpatients in neurological rehabilitation units are often 
polymedicated. This polypharmacy is at risk of adverse events. It justifies 
the analysis of prescriptions by a pharmacist. The objective is to describe 
drug-related problems detected by pharmacist, pharmaceutical interventions 
(PI) performed and PI clinical impact over a period of 1 year. Methods The 
computerized prescriptions of 165 beds were analyzed by one pharmacist and 
one resident pharmacist once a week based on the methodology of the French 
Society of Clinical Pharmacy. Detected drug related problems and proposed PI 
were collected. Their clinical impact was evaluated by two physicians and 
two hospital pharmacists independently, according Hatoum 1988 [1]: zero 
impact (-), significant (+), highly significant (++), lifesaving (+++). 
Results Four thousand two hundred and twenty-eight prescriptions resulted in 
999 PI (24%) and 788 accepted by physicians (79%). The most involved drugs 
were: analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs (25%), anti-acids (20%), 
psychotropic drugs (17%) and anti-infectives (14%). The main problems found 
were: no clinical indication (26%), non-conformity with guidelines (16%) and 
supra or infratherapeutic dose (15%). Most common suggestions (PI) were drug 
discontinuation (33%) and dose adjustment (22%). After excluding IP only 
having an economic impact, 842 IP were evaluated in a clinical point of 
view. They concerned mainly: antiacids (n = 198), 
analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 170), psychotropic drugs (n = 136), 
anti-infectives (n = 110) and anticoagulants (n = 76). The evaluations were: 
no impact (n = 96); significant (n = 574) very significant (n = 169); 
lifesaving (n = 3). These 3 PI were relatedanticoagulants. Drugs with a 
great number of IP (++) were: anticoagulants (60%), intravenous electrolytes 
(43%), anti-infectives (37%) and analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs (24%). 
Physicians have found a large number of PI (++) concerning anti-infectives 
compared pharmacists (43% versus 30%). Conversely, pharmacists felt more PI 
(++) involving intravenous electrolytes (71% versus 15%) and psychotropic 
drugs (21% versus 8%). Conclusion Pharmacists detected many drug-related 
problems during analysis of prescriptions. Their potential adverse clinical 
consequences are supported by a high rate of acceptance, objectivized by 
prescription modification.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acid
  anticoagulant agent
  electrolyte
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug therapy
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  rehabilitation
  rehabilitation medicine
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  hospital
  hospital patient
  methodology
  physician
  polypharmacy
  prescription
  risk
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2015.07.146
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 41
TITLE
  Epidural anesthesia for the treatment of burn pain
AUTHOR NAMES
  Minh C.
  Lovich-Sapola J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Minh C.; Lovich-Sapola J.) Case Western/MetroHealth Medical Center, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Minh, Case Western/MetroHealth Medical Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (2015) 40:5. Date of Publication: 
September-October 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  40th Annual Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine Meeting of the 
American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, ASRA 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Las Vegas, NV, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-05-14 to 2015-05-16
ISSN
  1098-7339
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Introduction: Burn injuries can be one of the most painful and 
scarring forms of trauma, causing considerable suffering and incapacitation. 
Pain management for burns is often difficult and despite advances in burn 
therapy, inadequate pain relief remains a common problem. Reports of 
epidural anesthesia for the treatment of burn pain remains limited. We 
present a case involving a patient who suffered large surface area burns 
leading to substantial pain that was significantly relieved by a lumbar 
epidural placed for postoperative pain control. Material and methods Case 
Report: A 24 year-old female with a history of opioid abuse presented after 
sustaining extensive burn injuries from a home gas explosion. Initial 
assessment revealed 27% total body surface area mixed partial and full 
thickness burns involving the face, bilateral upper and lower extremities, 
anterior trunk and buttocks. Initial pain management by the ICU team was 
difficult and inadequate as the patient complained of significant pain 
despite receiving considerable scheduled and PRN narcotics. The acute pain 
service was then consulted and a multi-modal pharmacological pain regimen 
was implemented resulting in improved pain relief. The patient was then 
scheduled to undergo excision, debridement, and skin grafts for treatment of 
her burns. An epidural was arranged for post-op pain control due to the 
anticipated escalation in pain from surgery. After extensive disinfection 
with chlorhexidine, a lumbar epidural was placed without complication at the 
L3-L4 level pre-operatively. This area had intact skin with no burns or 
dressings. The catheter was meticulously secured in a sterile fashion with 
adhesives and transparent film dressings to minimize the risk of infection. 
Post-op, the patient reported adequate pain relief with an epidural infusion 
of bupivacaine. The epidural catheter remained in place for 6 days without 
complication and provided the patient with satisfactory pain relief. 
Discussion Discussion: Although advancements in pain management protocols 
have been developed and implemented, burn pain is still often undertreated 
and remains a common issue, particularly with patients undergoing multiple 
procedures. Pain management often relies heavily on pharmacologic 
treatments, including both the use of opioids and non-opioid analgesics. 
Patient response varies widely, requiring a highly individualized pain 
management plan. Some individuals may be ideal candidates for epidural or 
regional blocks but their use has been limited by concerns of indwelling 
catheter colonization and infection, the associated risks of meningitis and 
epidural abscess formation as well as ongoing care by appropriately trained 
staff. Our case illustrates that epidural anesthesia can be a safe and 
effective method in providing background, procedural, and postoperative pain 
relief. Additional studies investigating the complications of an epidural 
anesthesia in the burn population would be beneficial. Ultimately, a 
multidisciplinary approach to pain management involving patient education, 
psychological counseling, pharmacological therapy, and adjuvant intervention 
should be implemented to improve patient satisfaction and outcome. 
Conclusion: The management of burn pain continues to be a challenge that 
requires a multimodal approach involving both pharmacologic analgesic 
strategies and adjunctive non-pharmacologic techniques. The use of epidural 
anesthesia should be considered as a valuable option in eligible burn 
patients to help manage pain.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adhesive agent
  adjuvant
  analgesic agent
  bupivacaine
  chlorhexidine
  narcotic agent
  narcotic analgesic agent
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  epidural anesthesia
  pain
  regional anesthesia
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  analgesia
  body surface
  burn
  burn patient
  buttock
  case report
  catheter
  counseling
  debridement
  disinfection
  drug therapy
  epidural abscess
  epidural catheter
  epidural drug administration
  excision
  female
  gas
  human
  indwelling catheter
  infection
  injury
  leg
  meningitis
  patient
  patient education
  patient satisfaction
  population
  postoperative pain
  procedures
  risk
  scar formation
  skin
  skin graft
  surface area
  surgery
  therapy
  thickness
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 42
TITLE
  Drugs of abuse, pharmacology curriculum and learning styles of medical 
students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Barros H.M.T.
  Tannhauser C.L.
  Tannhauser M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Barros H.M.T.; Tannhauser C.L.) Ligue 132, Pharmacosciences Dept, UFCSPA, 
Brazil.
(Tannhauser C.L.; Tannhauser M.) Encrementare, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.M.T. Barros, Ligue 132, Pharmacosciences Dept, UFCSPA, Brazil.
SOURCE
  Clinical Therapeutics (2015) 37:8 SUPPL. 1 (e69). Date of Publication: 
August 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  12th Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and 
Therapeutics, EACPT 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Madrid, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-06-27 to 2015-06-30
ISSN
  0149-2918
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Drug abuse (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) can worsen 
several health disorders; are among the twenty most common burden to health 
problems worldwide. Medical student education should provide detailed 
knowledge of these issues together with skills needed to detect/counsel 
patients with unhealthy drug use patterns. Time to include subjects in the 
clinical pharmacology curriculum to medical students is limited. Online 
educational strategies are often sought. It is necessary to evaluate the 
educational outcomes. This study was designed to develop and evaluate an 
online module on drug abuse to teach medical students about pharmacology of 
drugs and brief intervention of drug use problems. Material and Methods: 
Eighty-nine medical students of UFCSPA were taking the Pharmacology Course 
in 2014. Drug abuse is not part of their curricular medical program and an 
online training was offered as additional set of studies for volunteer 
enrolment. Information (written and videos, exercises, reading 
recommendations) on drugs of abuse and health, mechanisms of action, 
biological effects of drugs, methods of drug screening, brief interventions 
and treatment protocols for drug abuse and dependence were presented online. 
After the course, all students, volunteering or not, completed an evaluation 
and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (KLSI). Results: Seventy students 
enrolled and completed the online training with success. The range time for 
completion was 5 to 20 hours. The mean knowledge score after completing the 
online training was 90/100. All medical students who completed the online 
Training described satisfaction. A difference in KLSI was detected between 
students who had/had not volunteered to the online training. Conclusions: 
The online training on drugs of abuse resulted in significant changes in 
knowledge. This online format could be incorporated into the medical school 
curriculum, with students learning the material at their own pace and in 
their available time.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  clinical pharmacology
  curriculum
  European
  human
  learning style
  medical student
  pharmacology
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  biological activity
  diseases
  drug abuse
  drug screening
  drug use
  education
  exercise
  health
  learning
  medical education
  medical school
  patient
  reading
  satisfaction
  skill
  student
  tobacco
  videorecording
  volunteer
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 43
TITLE
  Commercial movies to teach non-medical and undesirable use of drugs
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mateus J.
  Pérez-Mañá C.
  Papaseit E.
  Farré A.
  Galindo L.
  Torrens M.
  Montané E.
  Barriocanal A.
  Baños J.E.
  Farré M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mateus J.; Pérez-Mañá C.; Papaseit E.; Farré M.) Hospital del Mar Medical 
Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
(Mateus J.; Pérez-Mañá C.; Papaseit E.; Farré A.; Galindo L.; Torrens M.; 
Montané E.; Barriocanal A.; Farré M.) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-UAB, 
Barcelona, Spain.
(Mateus J.; Farré A.; Galindo L.; Torrens M.) Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i 
Adiccions-INAD-IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
(Montané E.; Barriocanal A.; Farré M.) Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I 
Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias I 
Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
(Baños J.E.) Universitat Pompeu Fabra-UPF, Barcelona, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Mateus, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, 
Spain.
SOURCE
  Clinical Therapeutics (2015) 37:8 SUPPL. 1 (e140-e141). Date of Publication: 
August 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  12th Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and 
Therapeutics, EACPT 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Madrid, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-06-27 to 2015-06-30
ISSN
  0149-2918
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: The use of commercial films to illustrate a health problem is 
a common experience in university teaching of health sciences. The objective 
was to illustrate nonmedical or undesirable use of drugs using different 
commercial films in teaching of clinical pharmacology. Materials and 
Methods: We selected the following non-medical and undesirable uses: 
chemical submission, induction of addiction, poisoning, lethal injection 
(death penalty), improved sexual performance, neuroenhancement (smart drugs) 
and drugs and crime. Search for movies that had scenes corresponding these 
uses were collected using the New York University's School of Medicine (NYU) 
literature, arts and medicine database, and the Film Affinity and Internet 
Movie Databases (IMDb). In addition we used our own archives and memories to 
select the adequate movies. Results: We chose the following movies to 
illustrate such use: Seeking Miguel (2007) for chemical submission, Revenge 
(1990 for the induction of addiction, Murder my sweet (1944) for poisoning, 
Dead Man Walking (1995) for lethal injection, Something's Gotta Give (2003) 
for the use of drugs enhancing sexual performance, Limitless (2011) for 
neuroenhancement, and Zulu (2013) for drugs and crime. For each film we 
redacted a list of learning objectives and a list of questions that could be 
answered by the students the end of the session. We have introduced some of 
films in seminars of clinical pharmacology and drug addictions. Conclusions: 
It is concluded that the films are of interest to illustrate how dugs 
(medicines) could be misused or abused. We think that the films can 
demonstrate the toxicological interest, usage patterns, consequences of 
their use and the ethical connotations that produce such practices in the 
domain of medicine and clinical pharmacology.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  audiovisual equipment
  clinical pharmacology
  European
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  crime
  data base
  drug dependence
  health
  health science
  homicide
  human
  information center
  injection
  Internet
  intoxication
  learning
  male
  memory
  punishment
  school
  student
  teaching
  United States
  university
  walking
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 44
TITLE
  The Dutch/Flemish prescribing assessment project
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kramers C.
  Maassen Van Den Brink A.
  Hessel M.H.
  Janssen B.
  Knol W.
  Mulder W.M.
  Rissmann R.
  Tichelaar J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kramers C.) Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(Maassen Van Den Brink A.) Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 
Netherlands.
(Hessel M.H.; Rissmann R.) Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 
Netherlands.
(Janssen B.) Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
(Knol W.) University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
(Mulder W.M.) Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
(Tichelaar J.) VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Kramers, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
SOURCE
  Clinical Therapeutics (2015) 37:8 SUPPL. 1 (e165-e166). Date of Publication: 
August 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  12th Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and 
Therapeutics, EACPT 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Madrid, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-06-27 to 2015-06-30
ISSN
  0149-2918
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Educational Objectives: To develop a pharmacotherapy end test aimed to 
improve safe prescribing in the Netherlands and Flanders. At the conclusion 
of this presentation, participants know about the philosophy behind and 
practical implications of this test. Purpose: The project aims to develop a 
Dutch/Flemish pharmacotherapy end test. Methods: Most preventable serious 
adverse events are due to a relative small list of drugs (eg, pain killers, 
anticoagulants, cardiovascular drugs, antidiabetics1). Based on these 
drug-related problems and on basic pharmacological principles 
(pharmacokinetics, good prescribing, prescribing laws), a list of end terms 
has been formulated, which each prescriber has to know before starting to 
prescribe independently. A test has been developed covering these end terms. 
Education material to prepare for this pharmacotherapy end test has been 
developed. Ultimately, each medical student in the Netherlands and Flanders 
has to pass this test before graduating. Results: End terms covering 11 
different subjects have been developed. Educational material (youtube 
channel, pharmacotherapy reader, cases in www.pscribe.nl) has been made 
available. A total of 215 multiple choice questions covering the end terms 
have been developed. Based on these, the pharmacotherapy end test has been 
taken since September 2014 in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. About 30% of 
students fail per test; however, ultimately all students pass. The other 
universities in the Netherlands and Flanders are preparing to start the 
test. Conclusions: A Dutch/Flemish pharmacotherapy end test has been 
developed based on end terms covering the most frequent preventable serious 
adverse events and basic pharmacotherapy principles. The test has been taken 
in Nijmegen, the Netherlands since September 2014. The other universities in 
the Netherlands and Flanders are preparing to start testing. Whether this 
test will lead to safe prescribing is subject of an oncoming study.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anticoagulant agent
  cardiovascular agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  European
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug therapy
  education
  human
  medical student
  multiple choice test
  Netherlands
  pain
  pharmacokinetics
  philosophy
  reading
  student
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 45
TITLE
  Screening and recruitment procedures of healthy volunteers in a phase I 
clinical trial unit: Experience in 64 bioequivalence studies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Duque B.
  Borobia A.M.
  Lubomirov R.
  Ramirez E.
  Guerra P.
  Medrano N.
  Tong H.Y.
  Carcas A.J.
  Frías J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Duque B.; Borobia A.M.; Lubomirov R.; Ramirez E.; Guerra P.; Medrano N.; 
Carcas A.J.; Frías J.) Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, School of 
Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
(Borobia A.M.; Ramirez E.; Tong H.Y.; Carcas A.J.; Frías J.) Clinical 
Pharmacology Department, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Duque, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, School of Medicine, 
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
SOURCE
  Clinical Therapeutics (2015) 37:8 SUPPL. 1 (e129). Date of Publication: 
August 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  12th Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and 
Therapeutics, EACPT 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Madrid, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-06-27 to 2015-06-30
ISSN
  0149-2918
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: This study reports and analyses screening and recruitment 
procedures carried out in 64 bioequivalence (BE) studies. Material and 
Methods: All the studies were designed and conducted following the 
requirements of EMA for BE studies and carried out in the Phase I Clinical 
Trial Unit of the Pharmacology Department (School of Medicine, Universidad 
Autónoma de Madrid). For each trial calculated sample size, number of 
volunteers and reasons for exclusion, withdrawal and dropping were recorded. 
Results: For the included 64 trials, a total of 3575 healthy volunteers 
signed the informed consent form. During the screening period 1076 
volunteers (30.1%) were found not to be not suitable for the study. The main 
reasons were: 508 volunteers withdrawn the informed consent (47.3%), 251 
showed analytical abnormalities (23.3%) and 80 gave a positive result in 
urine abuse drug test (7.4%). Therefore a total of 2500 fulfilled inclusion 
criteria (69.9%) and 2339 were included (158 volunteers were considered as 
reserves). During the study, 52 volunteers (2.2%) dropped for personal 
reason and 40 were excluded (1.7%). A total of 2252 volunteers were suitable 
for the main analysis. Conclusions: To select 2252 valid participants in BE 
trials we needed to obtain the signed informed consent form from 3575 
potential participants and to make the initiation visit in 3282 volunteers. 
Only a 6.3% of the healthy volunteers interviewed and fulfilling selection 
criteria were finally not included. Post-randomization losses were also low 
(3.9 %).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  bioequivalence
  clinical pharmacology
  European
  human
  normal human
  phase 1 clinical trial
  procedures
  screening
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  informed consent
  pharmacology
  randomization
  sample size
  school
  stomatitis
  urine
  volunteer
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 46
TITLE
  Cost-effectiveness analysis of smoking-cessation counseling training for 
physicians and pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cantor S.B.
  Deshmukh A.A.
  Luca N.S.
  Nogueras-González G.M.
  Rajan T.
  Prokhorov A.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cantor S.B., sbcantor@mdanderson.org; Deshmukh A.A.; Rajan T.) Department 
of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer 
Center, Houston, United States.
(Luca N.S.) Office of Research, Texas Woman's University, Houston, United 
States.
(Nogueras-González G.M.) Department of Biostatistics, The University of 
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.
(Prokhorov A.V.) Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas 
MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.B. Cantor, Department of Health Services Research, Unit 1444, The 
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Addictive Behaviors (2015) 45 (79-86). Date of Publication: 1 Jun 2015
ISSN
  1873-6327 (electronic)
  0306-4603
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: Although smoking-cessation interventions typically focus 
directly on patients, this paper conducts an economic evaluation of a novel 
smoking-cessation intervention focused on training physicians and/or 
pharmacists to use counseling techniques that would decrease smoking rates 
at a reasonable cost. Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 
interventions that train physicians and/or pharmacists to counsel their 
patients on smoking-cessation techniques. Methods: Using decision-analytic 
modeling, we compared four strategies for smoking-cessation counseling 
education: training only physicians, training only pharmacists, training 
both physicians and pharmacists (synergy strategy), and training neither 
physicians nor pharmacists (i.e., no specialized training, which is the 
usual practice). Short-term outcomes were based on results from a clinical 
trial conducted in 16 communities across the Houston area; long-term 
outcomes were calculated from epidemiological data. Short-term outcomes were 
measured using the cost per quit, and long-term outcomes were measured using 
the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Cost data were taken from 
institutional sources; both costs and QALYs were discounted at 3%. Results: 
Training both physicians and pharmacists added 0.09 QALY for 45-year-old 
men. However, for 45-year-old women, the discounted quality-adjusted life 
expectancy only increased by 0.01 QALY when comparing the synergy strategy 
to no intervention. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the 
synergy strategy with respect to the non-intervention strategy was 
US$868/QALY for 45-year-old men and US$8953/QALY for 45-year-old women. The 
results were highly sensitive to the quit rates and community size. 
Conclusion: Synergistic educational training for physicians and pharmacists 
could be a cost-effective method for smoking cessation in the community.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cost effectiveness analysis
  health care cost
  medical education
  patient counseling
  pharmacist
  physician
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  controlled study
  female
  human
  life expectancy
  male
  medical decision making
  middle aged
  outcome assessment
  quality adjusted life year
  smoking cessation program
  tobacco dependence (disease management, therapy)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015706592
MEDLINE PMID
  25644592 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25644592)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.004
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 47
TITLE
  Prevalence and correlates of non-medical use of prescription stimulants 
among university students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shanbhag P.P.
  Nayak R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shanbhag P.P.; Nayak R.) St. John's University, Jamaica, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.P. Shanbhag, St. John's University, Jamaica, United States.
SOURCE
  Value in Health (2015) 18:3 (A128). Date of Publication: May 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  ISPOR 20th Annual International Meeting Research
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Philadelphia, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-05-16 to 2015-05-20
ISSN
  1098-3015
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To examine prevalence rates and co-relates of non-medical use of 
prescription stimulants for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 
in a university student population with respect to student demographics and 
academic characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design, 
utilizing a convenience sampling and self-administered paper and pencil 
questionnaire technique, was adopted. The survey consisted of a screening 
tool to measure symptoms of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) in 
conjunction with items to measure the extent of self-reported prescription 
drug abuse among students. The use of prescription stimulants was profiled 
for students representing different schools and academic programs and 
reasons for the nonmedical use were documented. RESULTS: A sample of 638 
completed surveys (response rate= 98.15%) was obtained with data on 
unauthorized use of prescription drugs. About 8.62% (N= 55) of the sample 
reported a current and past use of drugs such as Adderall, Ritalin, 
Dexedrine, Concerta, Cylert at least once. Of these, 76.9% used the drugs 
non-medically for enhancing academic performance and 23.1% used them for 
increasing alertness. The illicit drug usage was higher in the age group 
18-23 years (87.2%) and was greater for males (64.1%). Overall, students 
from pharmacy school reported highest abuse (46.2%), followed by law school 
(20.5%), school of professional studies (12.8%) and business school (10.3%). 
Generally, undergraduate students reported greater use of prescription 
stimulants (69.2%) compared to graduate students (30.8%). A majority (66.7%) 
of the students were also attending professional degree programs. 
CONCLUSIONS: The current campus estimates are mostly in line with the 
national statistics (4.1% to 10.8%, according to the Center for Lawful 
Access and Abuse Deterrence, CLAAD, 2013). Misuse and abuse of prescription 
stimulants among students is a growing problem and largely remains 
unaddressed. Development of campus educational tools to prevent sharing of 
prescription drugs and guidelines to recognize early warning signs to curb 
abuse are necessary.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  central stimulant agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amphetamine plus dexamphetamine
  dexamphetamine
  illicit drug
  methylphenidate
  pemoline magnesium
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  prescription
  prevalence
  university student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  academic achievement
  adult
  alertness
  attention deficit disorder
  commercial phenomena
  convenience sample
  cross-sectional study
  drug abuse
  drug use
  graduate student
  groups by age
  male
  methodology
  population
  questionnaire
  sample (statistics)
  school
  screening
  self report
  statistics
  student
  undergraduate student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 48
TITLE
  What experienced experts almost miss: Unusual somatic causes of fatigue
AUTHOR NAMES
  Laube E.S.
  Bonetti N.R.
  Bächli E.
  Beer J.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Laube E.S.; Bonetti N.R.; Beer J.H.) Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital 
of Baden, Baden, Switzerland.
(Bächli E.) Internal Medicine, Hospital of Uster, Uster, Switzerland.
(Bächli E.) President of the Swiss Society of Department Heads, Uster, 
Switzerland.
(Beer J.H.) Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular 
Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.S. Laube, Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, 
Switzerland.
SOURCE
  Praxis (2015) 104 SUPPL. 1 (109). Date of Publication: May 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  SGIM Jahresversammlung 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Basel, Switzerland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-05-20 to 2015-05-22
ISSN
  1661-8157
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Verlag Hans Huber AG
ABSTRACT
  Background: Fatigue as an everyday symptom of everyday patients is often 
considered to be of minor importance, even by experienced doctors. Managing 
“tired” patients can present a challenge. Often enough it is attributed to 
psychosomatic reasons or disregarded altogether. This may lead to 
underrecognition of potentially treatable somatic diseases. Methods: To 
approach this complex field we asked the most experienced clinicians to 
share their (almost) missed somatic causes of fatigue. We reasoned that 
these cases would be of great teaching value. We conducted a nationwide 
survey among the members of the Swiss Society of Department Heads of 
Medicine. A questionnaire with the following inquiries was sent out to 150 
chiefs: 1. What was the most surprising somatic cause of fatigue in your 
career thus far? 2. Which diagnosis did you (almost) miss? Results: We 
received the lively descriptions of ≥ 50 surprising and outstanding cases. 
In the table we summarize the most frequently mentioned somatic causes for 
fatigue (“the Big 5”) as well as the rarest and most surprising diagnoses 
(“the Zebras”). General take home messages: • The rare reasons for fatigue 
and the near missed diagnoses by experts are valuable teaching tools. • 
Generate new hypotheses if fatigue is explained by a disease, but does not 
improve during treatment. • Be persistent - the devil is in the details. 
Specific learning points: • Make the distinction between sleepiness and 
fatigue. • More often than generally anticipated, the sound of hooves is 
actually due to zebras. • “Think medication”: The wrong dosage, the wrong 
substance, substance abuse, the medication of the wrong patient. Educate 
your patients on pharmacotherapy. (Table Presented).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  fatigue
  human
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  diagnosis
  diseases
  drug therapy
  hoof and claw
  hypothesis
  learning
  patient
  physician
  psychosomatics
  questionnaire
  society
  somnolence
  substance abuse
  Swiss
  teaching
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a001994
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 49
TITLE
  Reduction of aggressive behavior in mice by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 
modulation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lewis A.S.
  Mineur Y.S.
  Picciotto M.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lewis A.S.; Mineur Y.S.; Picciotto M.R.) Psychiatry, Yale University, New 
Haven, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.S. Lewis, Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.
SOURCE
  Biological Psychiatry (2015) 77:9 SUPPL. 1 (273S). Date of Publication: 1 
May 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  70th Annual Scientific Convention and Meeting of the Society of Biological 
Psychiatry, SOBP 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Toronto, ON, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-05-14 to 2015-05-16
ISSN
  0006-3223
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier USA
ABSTRACT
  Background: Aggression is comorbid in numerous neuropsychiatric conditions 
across the lifespan, and current treatments are incompletely effective with 
substantial side effect burden. Thus, novel treatments for aggression are 
needed. In this study we expand upon previous research demonstrating acute 
anti-aggressive effects of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) 
agonist nicotine and progress toward identification of its mechanism of 
action in mice, with the goal of translation into pharmacotherapy. Methods: 
Mouse resident-intruder tests were performed with isolated adult male 
C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, and CD-1 residents and group-housed male C57BL/6J 
intruders. Nicotine was given 10 minutes before testing. Antagonist was 
given 15 minutes prior to nicotine. For nicotine dose-dependency studies, 
repeated-measures analysis was performed (n=19 C57BL/6J, 10 Balb/cJ, 10 
CD-1). For C57BL/6J antagonist studies, n=13-17 per treatment group. 
Statistics: binomial or Fisher's exact test (% attacking), survival analysis 
(attack latency), and ANOVA with appropriate post-hoc test (attack number). 
Results: Nicotine reduced aggression-related behavior across all strains in 
a dose-dependent manner. Nicotine (0.25 mg/kg) reduced home-cage locomotion 
in C57BL/6 by ∼30%, but sociability was unchanged. Anti-aggressive effects 
of 0.25 mg/kg nicotine were unaffected by heteromeric nAChR antagonist 
DH-beta-E (3 mg/ kg), but were blocked by nAChR alpha7 antagonist MLA (5 
mg/kg). DH-beta-E blocked nicotine's hypolocomotor effects, uncoupling 
nicotine's effects on aggression and locomotion. Conclusions: Modulation of 
the nAChR system, especially the alpha7 nAChR, may represent a novel avenue 
for pharmacotherapy for aggression. Future research will further 
characterize the pharmacological and circuit basis of these effects, 
determine optimal nAChR agents, and apply these findings in clinical 
studies.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine
  nicotinic receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cholinergic receptor stimulating agent
  nitrogen 13
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aggression
  modulation
  mouse
  mouse model
  psychiatry
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  analysis of variance
  Bagg albino mouse
  clinical study
  drug therapy
  Fisher exact test
  human
  latent period
  lifespan
  locomotion
  male
  post hoc analysis
  side effect
  statistics
  survival
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 50
TITLE
  A survey of community pharmacists and final-year student pharmacists and 
their perception of psychotherapeutic agents
AUTHOR NAMES
  McKee B.D.
  Larose-Pierre M.
  Rappa L.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McKee B.D., Brian.McKee3@va.gov) Pharmacy Department, Atlanta VA Medical 
Center, Decatur, United States.
(Larose-Pierre M.) Florida A and M University, College of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Crestview, United States.
(Rappa L.R.) Florida A and M University, College of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Davie Instructional Site, Davie, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.D. McKee, Mental Health, Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, 
Decatur, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2015) 28:2 (166-174). Date of Publication: 15 
Apr 2015
ISSN
  1531-1937 (electronic)
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., claims@sagepub.com
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: The World Health Organization has estimated that as many as 
450 million people worldwide have mental disorders. More than 44 million 
people in the United States have a mental disorder annually, estimating the 
annual direct costs of mental illness to exceed US$69 billion. 
Psychotherapeutic agents are used to treat mental illnesses and improve 
quality of life. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and 
knowledge perception of community pharmacists and final-year student 
pharmacists regarding psychotherapeutic agents dispensed to their community 
of patients with mental illness. Methods: -Rfaut survey was distributed to 
pharmacists and final-year student pharmacists regarding psychotherapeutic 
agents. Results: In all, 100 pharmacists and 40 final-year student 
pharmacists completed the survey. Upon analysis of surveys returned by 
pharmacists, knowledge deficiency was assessed regarding anxiolytics and 
mood stabilizers. The analysis of student participant surveys demonstrated 
knowledge deficiency regarding antidepressants and anxiolytics. Conclusions: 
Final-year student pharmacists would benefit from the curricular 
incorporation of courses and advanced pharmacy practice experiences in 
Psychiatry. Community pharmacists caring for customers with psychiatric 
disorders should take advantage of continuing education series that 
highlight updates and new developments regarding psychotherapeutic agents in 
order to improve clinical outcomes of patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antidepressant agent
  anxiolytic agent
  atypical antipsychotic agent
  mood stabilizer
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine
  buprenorphine plus naloxone
  buspirone
  clozapine
  lipid (endogenous compound)
  lithium
  olanzapine
  serotonin uptake inhibitor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  paramedical student
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  adult
  anxiety disorder
  article
  bipolar disorder
  blood cell count
  depression
  drug contraindication
  drug indication
  drug information
  drug monitoring
  female
  health care survey
  human
  licensing
  male
  mental disease
  middle aged
  obsessive compulsive disorder
  paramedical education
  pharmacy
  professional knowledge
  suicide
  treatment duration
  weight gain
  young adult
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  buspirone (33386-08-2, 36505-84-7)
  clozapine (5786-21-0)
  lipid (66455-18-3)
  lithium (7439-93-2)
  olanzapine (132539-06-1)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015924077
MEDLINE PMID
  24346959 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346959)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013515709
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 51
TITLE
  The addiction recovery clinic: A novel primary care-based approach to 
teaching addiction medicine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tetrault J.M.
  Holt S.
  Cavallo D.
  Fiellin D.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Holt S.; Cavallo D.; Fiellin D.A.) Yale University, New Haven, United 
States.
(Tetrault J.M.) Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.M. Tetrault, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of General Internal Medicine (2015) 30 SUPPL. 2 (S509). Date of 
Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  38th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Toronto, ON, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-04-22 to 2015-04-25
ISSN
  0884-8734
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York LLC
ABSTRACT
  NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES: Substance use is prevalent in the U.S. resulting in 
major public health burdens. Despite the high prevalence of substance use in 
Internal Medicine (IM) practice, little curricular time is devoted to 
training IM residents in Addiction Medicine (AM) and evaluating their skills 
in identification, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of substance use and 
substance use disorders. We developed and launched the Yale Addiction 
Recovery Clinic (ARC), intended to meet this educational deficit while also 
providing an outpatient clinical service to patients with addictive 
disorders, based upon the chronic disease management model. The educational 
objectives of the ARC include providing IM residents with knowledge of the 
biologic basis for addiction, and educating residents about available 
pharmacologic and behavioral interventions. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The 
ARC is embedded within our outpatient adult Primary Care Residency Clinic 
and is staffed by two to three IM trainees per block, two AM-certified 
attending physicians, one AM Fellow, one social worker and a licensed 
behavioral psychologist and provides comprehensive care to patients with 
addiction. During their ambulatory rotation, trainees spend 1/2day per week 
for four consecutive weeks at the ARC seeing new and established patients. 
DESCRIPTION: Patient referrals are made from both the outpatient Primary 
Care Residency Clinic, and the inpatient service. Inpatient consults are 
evaluated by the ARC team during the inpatient stay, treatment is initiated, 
and follow up with the ARC is then arranged. Once patients are stabilized at 
the ARC, residents are encouraged to transition the patients' care back into 
their longitudinal primary care practice, utilizing the skills obtained 
during their ARC rotation. Services provided within the clinic include: 
treatment of opioid use disorder with buprenorphine induction, maintenance 
therapy, and behavioral counseling; treatment of alcohol use disorder with 
pharmacotherapy (naltrexone, disulfiram, acamprosate) and behavioral 
counseling, outpatient management of alcohol withdrawal, consultative 
services for other drugs of abuse (e.g. marijuana, cocaine), smoking 
cessation pharmacotherapy and counseling, and direct referral to local 
addiction treatment facilities for patients who cannot be safely managed 
within the ARC. EVALUATION: We developed a multi-level evaluation system. 
Clinical practice is evaluated by visit numbers and patient satisfaction 
surveys. Between August 2014 and December 2014, a total of 156 visits were 
seen with an average of 2 new patients and 7 follow-up patients were seen 
during each half-day session. Fifty percent of patients were treated for 
opioid use disorder, 30% for alcohol use disorder and 20% for other 
substance use disorder. Patient satisfaction surveys are currently being 
collected and analyzed. Residents are evaluated using a novel Entrus table 
Professional Activity (EPA) based system specifically designed for this 
rotation, which includes three specific EPAs across ten different domains. 
Overall, the rotation has been highly regarded by the residents as assessed 
by qualitative evaluation data. DISCUSSION / REFLECTION / LESSONS LEARNED: 
The ARC offers a unique primary care-based approach to teaching IM residents 
the knowledge and skills to identify, diagnose, treat and prevent addiction 
throughout the disease spectrum, in keeping with the chronic disease 
management model. A multilevel assessment system is used to evaluate the 
overall clinical practice, resident performance and skill acquisition 
through an EPA based system, and resident satisfaction with the educational 
experience.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acamprosate
  buprenorphine
  cannabis
  cocaine
  disulfiram
  naltrexone
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  hospital
  internal medicine
  primary medical care
  society
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adult
  alcohol use disorder
  alcohol withdrawal
  chronic disease
  clinical practice
  counseling
  diagnosis
  disease management
  diseases
  drug therapy
  follow up
  hospital patient
  human
  maintenance therapy
  model
  outpatient
  patient
  patient referral
  patient satisfaction
  physician
  prevalence
  prevention
  psychologist
  public health
  satisfaction
  skill
  smoking cessation
  social worker
  student
  substance abuse
  substance use
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 52
TITLE
  Primary care physician-pharmacist collaborative medication management 
service through a benzodiazepine outreach clinic at a university-based 
internal medicine clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Loeb D.F.
  Lewis C.L.
  Lam H.M.
  Trinkley K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Loeb D.F.; Lam H.M.) University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, United States.
(Lewis C.L.) Univesrity of Colorado, Denver, United States.
(Trinkley K.E.) University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, Aurora, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.F. Loeb, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of General Internal Medicine (2015) 30 SUPPL. 2 (S544). Date of 
Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  38th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Toronto, ON, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-04-22 to 2015-04-25
ISSN
  0884-8734
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York LLC
ABSTRACT
  STATEMENT OF PROBLEM OR QUESTION (ONE SENTENCE): Inappropriate use of 
benzodiazepines increases known risks of falls, asthenia, impaired cognition 
and memory, substance abuse, and the potential to worsen anxiety. OBJECTIVES 
OF PROGRAM/INTERVENTION (NO MORE THAN THREE OBJECTIVES): Objective 1: 
Decrease the proportion of patients inappropriately prescribed 
benzodiazepines in a university-based internal medicine clinic. Objective 2: 
Decrease anxiety symptoms through improved medication management. Objective 
3: Improve primary care provider (PCP) understanding of appropriate 
benzodiazepine use. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM/INTERVENTION, INCLUDING 
ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT (E.G. INPATIENT VS. OUTPATIENT, PRACTICE OR COMMUNITY 
CHARACTERISTICS): We are implementing a PCP-pharmacist collaborative 
medication management service through a Benzodiazepine Outreach Clinic (BOC) 
at University of Colorado Anschutz Internal Medicine Clinic for patients 
with inappropriate benzodiazepine use. Based on National Institute for 
Health guidelines, we define inappropriate benzodiazepine use as: 1) “as 
needed” use for diagnoses other than insomnia, seizure disorder, or an acute 
anxiety; 2) scheduled use as monotherapy for anxiety disorders without 
documented evidence of failure to preferred, safer alternatives; and 3) 
suboptimal choice of benzodiazepine or dosing regimen. All patients are 
screened for inappropriate benzodiazepine prescriptions. The clinical 
pharmacy team includes an attending clinical pharmacist, medical students, 
and pharmacist interns and residents. This team recruits patients into the 
BOC using a phone script, assesses patients' benzodiazepine use, and works 
collaboratively under protocols to optimize the safe and effective use of 
anxiety and insomnia medications. The protocols incorporate symptom 
assessments with validated scales, including the Generalized Anxiety 
Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Panic Disorder 
Severity Score (PDSS). All patients will receive education on 
non-pharmacological therapies and offered referrals to psychology and/or 
psychiatry. PCPs are updated on patients' progress and any treatment 
questions or concerns will be managed collaboratively between PCP and 
clinical pharmacist. PCPs are educated directly through a one-time, formal, 
evidence-based review session guided by the treatment algorithms. They are 
educated indirectly through review of the BOC documentation in patient 
charts. MEASURES OF SUCCESS (DISCUSS QUALITATIVE AND/OR QUANTITATIVE METRICS 
WHICH WILL BE USED TO EVALUATE PROGRAM/ INTERVENTION): Our primary outcome 
is the change in the percent of clinic patients with inappropriate 
benzodiazapine prescriptions. Secondary outcomes include: 1) Pre- and post- 
intervention patient symptoms measured with the GAD-7, ISI, and PDSS 2) 
postintervention patient satisfaction surveys, 3) post-intervention PCP 
satisfaction surveys, 4) Pre- and post- intervention PCP knowledge measured 
with a knowledge test. We have conducted cognitive testing of the PCP 
satisfaction survey and knowledge test with PCPs in another internal 
medicine clinic associated with the same university. We will conduct process 
mapping at 6 months to improve BOC clinic processes. FINDINGSTODATE (IT 
ISNOTSUFFICIENT TOSTATE FINDINGSWILL BE DISCUSSED): Chart reviews of a 
random sample of patients found that 11 (21 %) of 52 patients taking 
benzodiazepines had received inappropriate prescriptions. In a feasibility 
and acceptability pilot of patient panels from 3 PCPs, 24 patients were 
eligible; of those 19 (79 %) were referred to the BOC clinic by their PCP. 
Of those referred, 14 patients (74 %) scheduled an appointment and 11 
patients (58 %) completed their first appointment. Of patients who completed 
their first appointment, benzodiazepines were optimized in 3 (27 %) patients 
and benzondiazapine regimens were determined appropriate in 4 (36 %) 
patients. In the patients determined to be on appropriate regimens, the 
indication for benzodiazepine prescription had not been documented 
accurately. We had planned to transition phone recruitment to clinic staff 
during the pilot study. However, during the initial calls patients were 
frequently reluctant to discuss benzodiazepines. Thus, we decided clinicians 
needed to continue to make these calls with careful messaging. KEY LESSONS 
FOR DISSEMINATION (WHAT CAN OTHERS TAKE AWAY FOR IMPLEMENTATION TO THEIR 
PRACTICE OR COMMUNITY?): Referral Tracking: The pilot pointed to a need to 
track patients referred to the BOC clinic and repeat outreach to patients 
who scheduled but did not complete appointments. Early stakeholder 
engagement: Influential PCPs, one of UC-A's clinical teams, UC-A's 
scheduling team, and the hospital's Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee were 
engaged in the planning and development of the BOC clinic. Pilot 
intervention: Conducting a small-scale pilot led to clinic-wide acceptance 
of the BOC clinic. Patient Messaging: Careful messaging from the pharmacy 
team was essential to patient acceptance of this potentially sensitive 
clinical intervention. Documentation: The pilot finding of inaccurate 
documentation of indication for benzodiazepine prescription points to the 
importance of clinic processes to ensure accurate presctiption information.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  general practitioner
  hospital
  human
  internal medicine
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
  society
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  algorithm
  anxiety
  anxiety disorder
  asthenia
  clinical pharmacy
  cognition
  diagnosis
  diseases
  documentation
  drug therapy
  education
  evidence based practice
  generalized anxiety disorder
  health
  hospital patient
  inappropriate prescribing
  insomnia
  Insomnia Severity Index
  medical record review
  medical student
  memory
  monotherapy
  panic
  patient
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacy
  pharmacy and therapeutics committee
  pilot study
  planning
  prescription
  primary medical care
  psychiatry
  psychology
  random sample
  resident
  risk
  satisfaction
  seizure
  substance abuse
  symptom assessment
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 53
TITLE
  Working together to take the pain out of chronic pain: An interprofessional 
educational experience in graduate medical education
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lee B.
  Phillips A.E.
  Bishop S.
  Waller R.R.
  Morgan L.
  Jensen B.
  Lord B.D.
  Sicat B.L.
  Rybarczyk B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lee B.; Phillips A.E.; Bishop S.; Waller R.R.; Morgan L.; Jensen B.; Lord 
B.D.; Sicat B.L.; Rybarczyk B.) Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Lee, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of General Internal Medicine (2015) 30 SUPPL. 2 (S513). Date of 
Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  38th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Toronto, ON, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-04-22 to 2015-04-25
ISSN
  0884-8734
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York LLC
ABSTRACT
  NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES: Interprofessional education and collaboration is 
critical to medical education and practice and is being increasingly 
integrated into undergraduate medical education. While graduate medical 
education (GME) trainees do interact with pharmacists and psychologists to 
complete parallel patient care activities, they rarely collaborate to learn 
from one another. We developed a series of team-based learning (TBL) 
activities with learning teams composed of medical residents, pharmacy 
residents, and clinical psychology graduate students. We describe the 
development and evaluation of an interprofessional education (IPE) TBL 
module on Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in the ambulatory setting. At the end of 
this TBL, we expected learners to be able to do the following: 1. Assume 
responsibility as a provider for assuming a non-biased attitude towards 
patients on chronic opiates 2. Encourage the use of cognitive behavioral 
therapy (CBT) and recognize its value 3. Embrace and recognize the necessity 
of a team-oriented approach toward patient management 4. Recognize risk 
factors for prescription drug misuse in patients treated with chronic 
opioids 5. Identify common differential diagnoses for aberrant medication 
use behavior 6. Administer common practice tools for monitoring patients 
treated with opioids 7. Explain CBT to a patient and prepare him/her to 
participate in CBT as an adjunct to pharmacologic therapy 8. Assess an 
initial management plan for effectiveness, tolerability, and safety SETTING 
AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 59 medical residents, 10 pharmacy 
residents and 7 psychology graduate students in a single TBL session. 
DESCRIPTION: The TBL module was developed collaboratively by faculty from 
all three disciplines. To prepare for the module, facilitators sent 
participants pre-reading assignments in advance (preparatory work). Readings 
consisted of guidelines or review articles. Facilitators ensured that all 
teams included at least one pharmacy and one psychology trainee. During the 
session, teams completed a quiz on the reading, first individually and then 
as a team (readiness assurance test), followed by facilitated discussion of 
interactive cases requiring complex patient care decisions (group 
application exercises). Each case was constructed to require input from all 
professions in order to develop an appropriate answer. EVALUATION: At the 
conclusion of the session, learners assessed, on a 4-point scale, with 
1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=often and 4=always, their likelihood of developing 
team-oriented attitudes, performing team-based tasks related to caring for 
patients with chronic non-cancer pain, and applying new medical knowledge. 
The first two response levels 'never' and 'sometimes' were combined due to 
small numbers reporting 'never' to any of the survey items. The survey asked 
learners to assess their ability both before and after training 
(retrospective pre-post design). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to 
determine if mean differences between pre- and post-test scores were 
significantly different from zero. Generalized estimating equations were 
used to determine how profession and gender affected participant responses. 
All survey questions had a statistically significant increase in mean score 
between the pre- and post assessment (p<0.0001). The largest increases were 
seen in participants' likelihood of explaining cognitive behavioral therapy 
(CBT) to a patient to prepare him/her to participate in CBT as an adjunct to 
pharmacologic therapy (1.06), their likelihood of encouraging the use of 
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (0.90), and their likelihood of 
identifying common differential diagnoses for aberrant medication use 
behavior (0.76). Reported scores differed by profession with psychology 
graduate students reporting higher scores in their likelihood of encouraging 
the use of CBT compared to both medical and pharmacy residents. Pharmacy 
residents were more likely to report higher scores in the likelihood of 
assessing an initial management plan for effectiveness, tolerability and 
safety when compared to both medical residents and psychology graduate 
students. DISCUSSION/ REFLECTION / LESSONS LEARNED: This IPE TBL experience 
in GME appears to have had a positive effect on all learners, with increases 
not only in perceived knowledge of how to manage chronic non-cancer pain, 
but also in attitudes toward team-based care. The data appear to show an 
overall increase in participants' likelihood of explaining CBT, and also 
encouraging its use. Perhaps not surprisingly, psychology graduate students 
were more likely to encourage the use of CBT. TBL is a potentially powerful 
way to leverage interprofessional learning experiences; however, the module 
did take significant time to plan and implement (10-15 h of planning). The 
session is also most fruitful if all participants are able to do the 
pre-reading of material, which can be a challenge. Further study is needed 
to determine if changes in attitudes seen here are sustained and if they 
lead to actual changes in team-oriented behavior.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain
  graduate
  internal medicine
  medical education
  pain
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cancer pain
  clinical psychology
  cognitive therapy
  differential diagnosis
  drug misuse
  drug therapy
  education
  exercise
  gender
  graduate student
  human
  learning
  monitoring
  occupation
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  planning
  psychologist
  psychology
  reading
  responsibility
  risk factor
  safety
  student
  therapy
  Wilcoxon signed ranks test
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 54
TITLE
  Review of smoking cessation in pregnancy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Endean C.
  Ahmed R.
  Apen K.
  Massa H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Endean C.; Ahmed R.; Apen K.) Tamworth Base Hospital, Tamworth, Australia.
(Massa H.) School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast 
Campus, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Endean, Tamworth Base Hospital, Tamworth, Australia.
SOURCE
  BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2015) 122 
SUPPL. 2 (269). Date of Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  RCOG World Congress 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Brisbane, QLD, Australia
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-04-12 to 2015-04-15
ISSN
  1470-0328
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to the health of both the 
mother and the unborn child and is one of the most prevalent but preventable 
causes of infant death and illness. Historically chemicals such as carbon 
monoxide were considered the most dangerous components of cigarette smoke. 
More recently, increasing recognition of direct nicotine toxicity to the 
fetus has generated concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of nicotine 
replacement therapy (NRT). Methods Critical literature review with 
particular attention being paid to positive trial and publication bias and 
the addition of population studies. A range of methodologies was used, with 
varying quality, making meta-analysis of findings inappropriate. Results 92 
studies and literature reviews were included. Review and re-examination of 
research in this review informs recommendations for alternative, safe and 
effective interventions to reduce smoking in pregnant women. Conclusion 
Nicotine is directly harmful to the developing infant, in both animal models 
and prospective human studies. The most successful form of smoking cessation 
in the general population is 'cold turkey' sudden smoking cessation. Studies 
of NRT products in pregnancy suggests that nicotine replacement in pregnant 
women does not work as well as it does in the general population and had no 
significant advantage over counselling and behavioural support in smoking 
cessation. In the largest trial, women had a similar quit rate to those who 
had used a placebo (a patch without nicotine) by the end of their pregnancy. 
While nicotine replacement has not been shown to decrease IUGR, counselling 
and behavioural support reduce the incidence of low birthweight and preterm 
births. In women who exhibit signs of severe addiction, the chances of 
smoking cessation are reduced. College guidelines suggest that 
pharmacological intervention may be required in this subgroup. If NRT is 
going to be considered, short acting delivery systems should be used. It may 
prove to be both ethically and financially beneficial to consider direct 
financial incentives or counselling offered under GP management plans in 
shared care arrangements rather than government sponsored NRT with little or 
no behavioural counselling. Doctors should be wary of evidence (including 
government directives), which is inadvertently tainted by pharmaceutical 
company bias and may lead to patient harm. As professionals we have a duty 
to our patients to carefully examine the research ourselves. Finally, NRT 
should only be used if the patients are fully informed of the risks of NRT 
to the fetus and informed consent obtained.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  carbon monoxide
  cigarette smoke
  nicotine
  placebo
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pregnancy
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  animal model
  child
  child death
  college
  counseling
  diseases
  drug industry
  examination
  female
  fetus
  government
  health
  human
  infant
  informed consent
  low birth weight
  meta analysis
  meta analysis (topic)
  methodology
  mother
  nicotine replacement therapy
  patient
  patient harm
  physician
  population
  population research
  pregnant woman
  premature labor
  publishing
  risk
  safety
  smoking
  toxicity
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/14710528.13383
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 55
TITLE
  Clinical drug related problems and interventions of pharmacists on 
prescribed medicines in Belgium
AUTHOR NAMES
  De Wulf I.
  Foulon V.
  De Meyer G.R.Y.
  De Vriese C.
  Lacour V.
  Steurbaut S.
  Van Hees T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (De Wulf I., isabelle.dewulf@apb.be) APB, Brussels, Belgium.
(Foulon V.; Lacour V.) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Université Catholique 
De Louvain, Belgium.
(De Meyer G.R.Y.) Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium.
(De Vriese C.; Steurbaut S.; Van Hees T.) Université Libre De 
Bruxelles/Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I. De Wulf, APB, Brussels, Belgium. Email: isabelle.dewulf@apb.be
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2015) 37:2 (407-408). Date of 
Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE Working Conference 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Mechelen, Belgium
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-02-04 to 2015-02-06
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background Pharmacists have an important role in the prevention, detection 
and management of drug related problems. The added value of the community 
pharmacists is sometimes questioned. Purpose The aims of the study are: 1/to 
study the frequency and nature of clinical drug related problems (DRP) 
detected by community pharmacists when dispensing prescribed medicines. 2/to 
investigate the nature and frequency of interventions by pharmacists on 
clinical DRPs. Method MSc students of Pharmacy of six Belgian universities 
collected data about all DRPs occurring during 5 days of their pharmacy 
internship. Classification of the DRP, cause of the DRP, intervention and 
result of the intervention was registered by using a web tool, based on the 
DRP classification list of PCNE. Findings 5.839 (37 %) of the 15.952 
registered DRPs concerned problems with at least one clinical cause. The 
most frequently registered clinical causes were drug interaction (1.911), 
inappropriate timing of administration (765), dose too high (548), 
inappropriate drug (537) or dose too low (394). The cause “Drug interaction” 
was significantly more reported as a cause for DRPs on refill prescription 
than for DRPs on new prescriptions, who had significant more DRPs due to 
“inappropriate timing of administration”, “Dose too high” and “Inappropriate 
drug”. For 852 problems with only clinical causes (n = 4.847) there was an 
intervention at the drug level (18 %). Interventions on the level of the 
patient took place in 87 % of these problems. About 80 % of the DRPs due to 
an inappropriate timing of administration dose too low or too high, were 
totally solved. 43 % of the problems due to a drug interaction were not 
solved. The percentage of totally solved problems was the highest for 
dermatologicals (82 %) and for systemic anti-infectives (80 %), and lowest 
for drugs with ATC-code B (65 %) and N (63 %). Conclusion The analysis of 
the prescription prior to delivery of the medicines appears necessary. DRPs 
due to an 'inappropriate timing of administration' or an 'inappropriate 
dose' are more likely to be totally solved. The active intervention of the 
pharmacist indicates that the pharmacist contributes to the optimization of 
drug therapy with potentially an increase in the quality of life of the 
patient and a reduction in the cost of healthcare.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Belgium
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Belgian
  classification
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  health care
  patient
  pharmacy
  prescription
  prevention
  quality of life
  student
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0080-9
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 56
TITLE
  Just say know to drugs!: A pilot study for high school student science 
enrichment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Akers J.
  Thompson K.
  Carrier R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Akers J.; Thompson K.; Carrier R.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Akers,
SOURCE
  FASEB Journal (2015) 29 Meeting Abstracts. Date of Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  Experimental Biology 2015, EB
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Boston, MA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-28 to 2015-04-01
ISSN
  0892-6638
BOOK PUBLISHER
  FASEB
ABSTRACT
  The purpose of the Just Say Know to Drugs! camp was twofold: our primary 
goal was to increase student understanding of basic science and pharmacology 
concepts and our secondary goal was to develop student self-assurance in the 
sciences. The program introduced the fundamentals of pharmacology through 
the study of basic science. Different teaching modalities were utilized to 
keep learning fun and engaging. The camp included a pre-test given on the 
first day and an identical post-test administered on the last day. An 
interest survey was included in the post-test. Students were given one hour 
to complete the tests which contained a series of basic science and 
pharmacology questions. The results of the tests and survey were analyzed 
using paired t-tests to determine the impact of the camp on participant 
knowledge and performance. The post-test revealed significantly higher 
scores in biology, chemistry, and pharmacology and the test overall (p < 
0.05). Furthermore, survey data revealed that the camp increased student 
knowledge regarding pharmacology and drugs of abuse. Survey questions also 
highlighted student confidence in their current understanding of and 
progress through their high school science courses. The data collected are 
indicative of the success of this pilot program. Given these findings, we 
intend to continue educating students about pharmacology using this model. 
Additional studies will evaluate whether students take this educational 
success and interest further, choosing to direct their focus on pharmacology 
or other related fields.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  high school student
  human
  pilot study
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  high school
  learning
  model
  pharmacology
  student
  Student t test
  teaching
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 57
TITLE
  Molecular imaging for the evaluation of drug-receptor interactions in 
psycoactive substances of abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pasquali M.
  Uccelli L.
  Boschi A.
  Ossato A.
  Martini P.
  Giganti M.
  Di Domenico G.
  Pupillo G.
  Marti M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ossato A.; Marti M.) Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), 
University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
(Pasquali M.; Boschi A.; Martini P.; Giganti M.) Morphology, Surgery and 
Experimental Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, Italy.
(Uccelli L.) Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Department, 
University of Ferrara; Nuclear Medicine Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, 
Italy.
(Di Domenico G.; Pupillo G.) Physics and Hearth Science Department, 
University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Pasquali, Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Department, 
University of Ferrara, Italy.
SOURCE
  Clinical and Translational Imaging (2015) 3 SUPPL. 1 (S137-S138). Date of 
Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  12th National Congress of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine and 
Molecular Imaging, AIMN 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Rimini, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-04-16 to 2015-04-19
ISSN
  2281-5872
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l.
ABSTRACT
  Background-Aim: The objective of this work is to apply molecular imaging 
techniques, based on the administration of radioactive tracers in small 
animal models as a method to investigate the mechanisms of receptor 
interactions of drugs of abuse. A further objective of the study was to 
establish, in collaboration with the pharmacology unit of the University of 
Ferrara, a “pre-clinical research network” able to rapidly investigate the 
neurobiological mechanisms and the pharmacological effects induced by acute 
and chronic administration of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) seized by 
law enforcement agencies. Methods: 123I-Ioflupane (DaTscan) was supplied by 
the Nuclear Medicine of S. Anna Hospital of Ferrara. Animal experiments were 
carried out in compliance with the relevant national laws relating to the 
conduct of animal experimentation and EU Directive 2010/63/EU. SPECT studies 
have been performed using a YAP(S)PET scanner. CD-1 mice (male, 35-40 g), 
divided into three different group, were anesthetized with an intramuscular 
injection of a mixture of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xilazine (20 mg/kg) and 
submitted to a pretreatment by intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (saline 
0.9 %), cocaine (20 mg/ kg) or amphetamine (10 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after 
drug or vehicle administration, mice were submitted to a retrobulbar 
injection with a solution of 123I-DaTscan (450-500 lCi). Imaging analysis 
(128 views/360°) of the head of the animal were performed 2 and 3 h after 
the administration of 123I-DaTscan and lasted 60 min each one. Images were 
reconstructed by using the iterative EM-ML algorithm including the 
collimator response. CT images have been acquired using the digital X-ray 
imaging system integrated into the YAP(- S)PET scanner. To evaluate the 
brain distribution of 123I-DaTscan were selected ROI on SPECT images and the 
total activities, normalized to the injected ones, have been calculated. 
Results: The results showed that the binding of 123I-DaTscan at DAT 
transporters was decreased in the striatum of mice submitted to a 
pretreatment with cocaine or amphetamine in comparison with the 
vehicleinjected animals. In particular, a significantly decreased in the 
binding of 123I-Ioflupane was observed in animals pretreated with cocaine. 
Conclusion: As expected cocaine and amphetamine bind and block the dopamine 
transporter (DAT) in the mouse brain with particular respect to the 
striatum. This study confirms and strengthens the possibility of employing 
the technique of SPECT analysis in small rodents to provide quickly 
information about the structure/activity of Novel Psychoactive Substances.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amphetamine
  cocaine
  dopamine transporter
  iodine 123
  ioflupane i 123
  ketamine
  receptor
  sodium chloride
  tracer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  drug receptor binding
  molecular imaging
  nuclear medicine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  algorithm
  animal experiment
  animal model
  brain
  CD-1 mouse
  chronic drug administration
  clinical research
  collimator
  corpus striatum
  hospital
  imaging
  imaging system
  intramuscular drug administration
  intraperitoneal drug administration
  law enforcement
  male
  mouse
  PET scanner
  pharmacology
  radiography
  retrobulbar drug administration
  rodent
  single photon emission computer tomography
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40336-015-0114-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 58
TITLE
  The addition of a specialist pharmacist to heart transplant and ventricular 
assist device clinics-early trends in patient care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gellatly R.M.
  Livingstone C.
  Bergin P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gellatly R.M.; Livingstone C.; Bergin P.) Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, 
Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.M. Gellatly, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
SOURCE
  Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation (2015) 34:4 SUPPL. 1 (S240-S241). 
Date of Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  35th Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the International Society for 
Heart and Lung Transplantation, ISHLT 2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Nice, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-04-15 to 2015-04-18
ISSN
  1053-2498
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier USA
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To describe the role of a specialist heart failure/transplant 
pharmacist newly implemented into the outpatient ventricular assist device 
(VAD) and heart transplant clinics in an Australian setting. Methods: In 
August 2014, a specialist pharmacist was implemented into a twice weekly 4 
hour outpatient clinic, consisting of short and long-term heart transplant 
and VAD patients. The patients for review were identified by clinic nurses, 
the pharmacist, and physicians. The pharmacist conducted a medication 
history and review for identification of drug-related problems, medication 
adherence assessments, and patient education. The pharmacist completed 
outpatient notes detailing the patient interaction, interventions made, and 
follow up required. Data was extracted retrospectively from the electronic 
health record between August to October 2014. Descriptive statistics are 
used to present the data. Results: Over an 11-week period, there were 86 
patient encounters in 67 patients (mean age 51±18 years, 80% male, 10 VAD 
patient encounters in 6 VAD patients). Patients were taking an average of 14 
medications. Medication histories were taken at 85% of patient encounters. 
Adherence assessments were completed in 85% of patients, with non-adherence 
identified in 8 patients. Patient education was provided at 91% of 
encounters. Common education themes included counseling patients on changes 
to therapies made in the clinic, post-operative pain management, sun care 
and medication adherence strategies. Forty-six actual or potential 
drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified in 25 patient encounters. 
Common classifications of DRPs included 20 untreated indications, 8 drugs 
used without an indication, and 5 adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: A 
specialist pharmacist can be successfully implemented into Australian VAD 
and heart transplant clinics. Key roles include, obtaining accurate 
medication histories, undertaking compliance assessments, identifying DRPs, 
and providing patient education. Opportunities such as investigating 
multi-disciplinary team and patient attitudes towards the service and the 
expansion of the scope of service warrant further study.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  heart
  heart graft
  hospital
  hospital patient
  human
  lung transplantation
  medical specialist
  patient care
  pharmacist
  society
  ventricular assist device
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  analgesia
  Australian
  classification
  counseling
  drug therapy
  education
  electronic medical record
  follow up
  male
  medication compliance
  nurse
  outpatient
  outpatient department
  patient
  patient attitude
  patient education
  physician
  statistics
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 59
TITLE
  Outcomes of pharmacy intervention at intensive care units of An University 
Hospital in Taiwan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lin C.-W.
  Lin B.-S.
  Wang K.-C.
  Chin T.-Y.
  Tang J.-J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lin C.-W.; Lin B.-S.; Wang K.-C.; Chin T.-Y.; Tang J.-J.) Department of 
Pharmacy, National Yang Ming University Hospital, Taiwan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.-W. Lin, Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming University Hospital, 
Taiwan.
SOURCE
  Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (2015) 48:2 SUPPL. 1 
(S127). Date of Publication: April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  7th International Congress of the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Taipei, Taiwan
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-26 to 2015-03-29
ISSN
  1684-1182
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: The antibiotic use and prevalence of multidrug-resistant 
microorganisms (MDROs) significantly increased in intensive care unit (ICU) 
of an university hospital from 2013. Pharmacy intervention was implemented 
to optimize antibiotic use since 2014. We want to investigate the outcomes 
of pharmacy intervention in the ICU. Methods: Pharmacists participated in 
the ICU interprofessional patient care and evaluate broad-spectrum 
antibiotic use from 2014. All drugrelated problems (DRPs) were reported via 
Taiwan patient safety reporting system (TPR) by pharmacists and sent to the 
chief officer of physician to improve appropriateness of antibiotic use. We 
compared differences before and after pharmacy intervention include analysis 
of DRPs, consumption and cost of antibiotics, and prevalence of MDROs. 
Antibiotic consumption was expressed as number of defined daily doses/1000 
bed-days for each month of study. Prevalence of MDROs was also calculated 
monthly according to non-duplicate samples. Difference of antibiotic 
consumption and prevalence of MDROs after pharmacy intervention was assessed 
using independent t test, and correlation was assessed using Pearson's 
Correlation Coefficient. Results: Consumption and cost of broad spectrum 
antibiotics, especially carbapenem, in ICU were decreased significantly 
after pharmacy intervention implementation (January to July in 2014 vs. 
January to December in 2013, broad spectrum antibiotics DID: 955 × 171 vs. 
1287 × 61, p = 0.042; broad spectrum antibiotics cost: 983 × 161 vs. 1539 × 
109 NTD, p = 0.009; carbapenem DID: 91 × 17 vs. 148 × 7, p= 0.045). 
Consumption of broad spectrum antibiotics and carbapenem correlate with 
prevalence of MDR-Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) (broad spectrum 
antibiotics vs. MDRAB, r = 0.603, p = 0.006; carbapenem vs. MDRAB, r = 
0.460, p = 0.047). Conclusions: Excessive and inappropriate uses of 
antibiotics have been recognized as a major problem and one reason of high 
expenditures, as well as increase of drug-resistant microorganisms in 
Taiwan. Pharmacy intervention may play important role in reduction of 
antibiotic use and cost, even prevalence of MDROs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent
  carbapenem
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Asia
  infection control
  intensive care unit
  pharmacy
  society
  Taiwan
  university hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Acinetobacter baumannii
  correlation coefficient
  human
  microorganism
  patient care
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  physician
  prevalence
  Student t test
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 60
TITLE
  Pharmacists’ role in handling problems with prescriptions for antithrombotic 
medication in Belgian community pharmacies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Desmaele S.
  De Wulf I.
  Dupont A.G.
  Steurbaut S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Desmaele S.; Dupont A.G.; Steurbaut S., Stephane.Steurbaut@uzbrussel.be) 
Research Group Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (KFAR), Centre 
for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 
Brussels, Belgium.
(De Wulf I.) Centrum Wetenschappelijke Ontwikkeling voor Apothekers, 
Algemene Pharmaceutische Bond, Archimedesstraat 11, Brussels, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Steurbaut, Research Group Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy 
(KFAR), Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 
Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2015) 37:4 (656-668). Date of 
Publication: 31 Mar 2015
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background Community pharmacists have an important task in the follow-up of 
patients treated with antithrombotics. When delivering these medicines, 
pharmacists can encounter drug–related problems (DRPs) with substantial 
clinical and economic impact. Objective To investigate the amount and type 
of antithrombotic related DRPs as well as how community pharmacists handled 
these DRPs. Setting Belgian community pharmacies. Methods MSc pharmacy 
students of six Belgian universities collected data about all DRPs 
encountered by a pharmacist during ten half days of their pharmacy 
internship. Data were registered about DRPs detected at delivery and in an a 
posteriori setting, when consulting the medical history of the patient. 
Classification of the DRP, cause of the DRP, intervention and result of the 
intervention were registered. Main outcome measure Amount and type of 
antotrombitocs related DRPs occurring in community pharmacies, as well as 
how community pharmacists handled these DRPs. Results 3.1 % of the 15,952 
registered DRPs concerned antithrombotics. 79.3 % of these DRPs were 
detected at delivery and 20.7 % were detected a posteriori. Most 
antithrombotic-related DRPs concerned problems with the choice of the drug 
(mainly because of drug–drug interactions) or concerned logistic problems. 
Almost 80 % of the antithrombotic-related DRPs were followed by an 
intervention of the pharmacist, mainly at the patient’s level, resulting in 
90.1 % of these DRPs partially or totally solved. Conclusion Different DRPs 
with antithrombotic medication occurred in Belgian community pharmacies. 
About 20 % was detected in an a posteriori setting, showing the benefit of 
medication review. Many of the encountered DRPs were of technical nature 
(60.7 %). These DRPs were time-consuming for the pharmacist to resolve and 
should be prevented. Most of the DRPs could be solved, demonstrating the 
added value of the community pharmacist as first line healthcare provider.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anticoagulant agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antithrombocytic agent
  antivitamin K
  blood clotting factor 10a inhibitor
  heparin
  thrombin inhibitor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist attitude
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  aged
  article
  Belgian
  Belgium
  cross-sectional study
  drug choice
  drug classification
  electronic prescribing
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  middle aged
  outcome assessment
  patient care
  pharmacy
  priority journal
  problem solving
  young adult
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  heparin (37187-54-5, 8057-48-5, 8065-01-8, 9005-48-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015883544
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0106-3
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 61
TITLE
  Treatment of internet addiction in patient with panic disorder and obsessive 
compulsive disorder: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Santos V.
  Nardi A.E.
  King A.L.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Santos V., veruskaasantos@gmail.com; Nardi A.E.; King A.L.S.) Laboratory of 
Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio 
de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
(Santos V., veruskaasantos@gmail.com; Nardi A.E.; King A.L.S.) National 
Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Santos, DELETE Group, Detoxification of Technologies, Institute of 
Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, 
Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
SOURCE
  CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (2015) 14:3 (341-344). Date of 
Publication: 1 Mar 2015
ISSN
  1996-3181 (electronic)
  1871-5273
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Bentham Science Publishers B.V., P.O. Box 294, Bussum, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Problematic Internet use is a worldwide social issue and it can be found in 
any age, social, educational, or economic range. In some countries like 
China and South Korea internet addiction (IA) is considered a public health 
condition and this governments support research, education and treatment. 
Internet addiction has been associated with others psychiatric disorders. 
Panic disorder (PD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are anxiety 
disorders that involve a lot of damages in patient’s life. We report a 
treatment of a patient with Panic Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 
and internet addition involving pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral 
Therapy (CBT). The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was conducted 1 time per 
week during 10 weeks and results suggest that the treatment was an effective 
treatment for the anxiety and for the internet addiction.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  clonazepam (drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  internet addiction (therapy)
  obsessive compulsive disorder (drug therapy, drug therapy, therapy)
  panic (drug therapy, drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  agoraphobia
  anxiety
  article
  breathing exercise
  case report
  Clinical Global Impression scale
  cognitive therapy
  comorbidity
  daily life activity
  disease association
  DSM-5
  female
  Hamilton Anxiety Scale
  Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
  human
  sleep disorder
  sweating
  tachycardia
  tremor
  young adult
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015045228
MEDLINE PMID
  25714981 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714981)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 62
TITLE
  Effect of a pilot care coordination program on compliance with naltrexone 
extended release suspension for injection
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chambers A.
  Kleyman S.
  Snyder M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chambers A., ashley@drazizrx.com) Dr. Aziz Pharmacy, France.
(Kleyman S.; Snyder M.) Purdue University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Chambers, Dr. Aziz Pharmacy, France. Email: ashley@drazizrx.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e245). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To evaluate the impact of a care coordination pilot program on 
patient adherence to naltrexone injection for the prevention of opioid 
and/or ethanol addiction relapse. Methods: This retrospective, nonblinded, 
pre- and post-intervention observational chart review will test the impact 
of a care coordination pilot program on outpatient adherence to extended 
release naltrexone injection for the treatment of opioid and/or ethanol 
addiction within a community pharmacy setting. The care coordination program 
will incorporate transition of care as well as substance abuse, emotional, 
and social support resources. These resources will be provided to the 
patient at the community pharmacy during their monthly injection as a 
brochure containing contact information for local support groups, outpatient 
and counseling programs, employment resources, and substance abuse crisis 
hotlines. Follow up phone calls, which will assess cravings, potential 
medication side effects, and support needs will be provided to patients 
approximately 2 weeks post injection by medical assistants and pharmacists. 
These medical assistants will receive training on the program's policies and 
procedures, available resources, and call script by the pharmacy resident. 
In addition, patients will receive reminder calls prior to scheduled 
injections and patients who miss their scheduled appointment will receive 
follow up calls for rescheduling. The study protocol will be submitted to 
the Investigational Review Board in May 2015. Data collection will commence 
upon project approval and will occur via chart review of electronic medical 
records. Demographic data, injection administration dates, proportion of 
days covered, self-reported opiate/alcohol use, and number of follow up 
calls will be collected and analyzed using parametric or nonparametric tests 
as appropriate. The comparison group will be a cohort 6 months prior to the 
intervention. The pilot program aims to achieve a 15% increase in proportion 
of days covered.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  naltrexone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  injection
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  counseling
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  employment
  follow up
  human
  information processing
  medical assistant
  medical record review
  nonparametric test
  outpatient
  patient
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  policy
  prevention
  procedures
  relapse
  side effect
  social support
  substance abuse
  support group
  telephone
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 63
TITLE
  Pharmacist's role in a dental clinic: Setting up an interprofessional 
education site
AUTHOR NAMES
  Stevens B.
  Johnson K.
  O'Brien K.
  Begley K.
  Castillo S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Stevens B.; Johnson K., kalinjohnson@creighton.edu; O'Brien K.; Begley K.; 
Castillo S.) Creigh-Ton University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Stevens, Creigh-Ton University, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e172-e173). 
Date of Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The primary objectives were to develop and pilot an 
interprofessional education program in which a pharmacist provides 
medication therapy management services in a dental school clinic. Secondary 
objectives were to assess the number of interventions made by the pharmacist 
and assess the number of dental students the pharmacist assisted in 
completing medication histories. Methods: As part of the dental school's 
curriculum, 172 dental students in their third and fourth year hold clinic 
hours, accepting both insured and uninsured patients. During a 7-week time 
frame, the pharmacist worked closely with the dental students to educate 
them on the importance of identifying, resolving, and preventing 
drug-related problems. Results: A descriptive analysis sorted the 
pharmacist's interventions in the dental clinic into six categories: adverse 
reactions or drug interactions, drug choice problems, dosing problems, 
patient- related problems, medication history assistance, and medication 
prescribed recommendations. The data showed the pharmacist intervened in 47 
adverse reaction/ drug interaction cases, 2 drug choice problems, 5 dosing 
problems, and 13 patient-related problems; the pharmacist also assisted 45 
dental students with medication histories and had 2 medication 
recommendations accepted by the dentist or the physician. Conclusion: Dental 
patients often have complex medication regimens for multiple disease states. 
These medications and disease states affect dental treatment and follow-up 
in the dental clinic environment. Pharmacists have the opportunity to make a 
positive impact on patient outcomes by conducting thorough health and 
medication histories and by communicating with both dental and medical 
providers involved in a patient's care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dental clinic
  education
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  curriculum
  dental education
  dental patient
  dental procedure
  dental student
  dentist
  drug choice
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  education program
  environment
  follow up
  health
  hospital
  medically uninsured
  medication therapy management
  patient
  patient care
  physician
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 64
TITLE
  Correlation between identified and resolved drug therapy problems to 
rehospitalization rates and patient outcomes discovered through a 
pharmacist-led transitional care unit patient discharge education program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fiske A.
  Anderson D.
  Friesner D.
  Taylor S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fiske A., afiske@thriftywhite.com; Taylor S.) Thrifty White Pharmacy, 
France.
(Anderson D.) Sanford Medical Center, United States.
(Friesner D.) North Dakota State University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Fiske, Thrifty White Pharmacy, France. Email: afiske@thriftywhite.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e175). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: According to the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services, one 
in five Medicare patients (2.6 million individuals) is readmitted to the 
hospital within 30 days post discharge, accounting for nearly $26 billion 
per year. From admission to discharge and through continuance of care, 
pharmacists assist patients and caregivers by coordinating medication 
handoffs, eliminating medication discrepancies, and improving adherence. The 
goal of this research project is to evaluate how a pharmacist-led 
transitional care unit (TCU) patient discharge education program affects 
rehospitalization rates and patient outcomes through identified and resolved 
drug therapy problems (DTPs). Methods: The study is an observational pilot 
project using data collected from an existing patient discharge education 
program. The type, quantity of identified and resolved DTPs, and time at 
which the DTP was identified will be analyzed. DTPs include: (1) missing 
therapy, (2) unnecessary therapy, (3) suboptimal drug, (4) cost efficacy, 
(5) adverse drug reaction, (6) drug-drug interaction, (7) drug-condition 
interaction, (8) dose too low, (9) dose too high, (10) proper monitoring of 
drug, (11) appropriate duration of therapy, (12) underuse of medication, 
(13) overuse of medication, (14) inappropriate administration, and (15) 
immunization history. Data will be analyzed using χ(2) tests and 5% 
significance levels. Data collection and analysis are ongoing. Results: 
Currently, data collected from July 1, 2014 to September 17, 2014 yields 15 
patients completing the program. Pharmacists identified 43 DTPs with an 
average number of 2.86 DTPs per patient. DTPs identified range from 0 per 
patient to 8 per patient. There have been 37 DTPs addressed by the patient/ 
physician and 32 interventions were implemented (86% success rate). This 
pharmacist-led TCU patient education discharge program is a realistic model 
to incorporate pharmacists in helping to bridge the care gap during patient 
transitions of care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  education program
  hospital discharge
  hospital readmission
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  caregiver
  drug cost
  drug interaction
  hospital
  immunization
  information processing
  low drug dose
  medicaid
  medicare
  model
  monitoring
  patient education
  physician
  pilot study
  therapy
  treatment duration
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 65
TITLE
  Confidence of student pharmacists in drug abuse training
AUTHOR NAMES
  Winey S.
  Noll C.
  Anderson S.
  Chen A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Winey S., sarahwiney@cedarville.edu; Noll C.; Anderson S.; Chen A.) 
Cedarville University, School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Winey, Cedarville University, School of Pharmacy, United States. Email: 
sarahwiney@cedarville.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e245). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The goal of this project is to increase student pharmacist 
confidence in their knowledge of prescription drug abuse consequences and 
dangers and their confidence in openly discussing the issue of prescription 
drug abuse. Methods: Team-based learning (TBL) utilizes active learning to 
promote self-directed, deep learning and enhance adaptability in 
problem-solving situations. To prepare students to develop and participate 
in an American Pharmacists Association-Academy of Student Pharmacists 
GenerationRx program, a TBLbased educational session was created. Prior to 
the session, student pharmacists completed readings on prescription drug 
abuse. During the 2-hour session, the students completed an instrument 
(7-point Likert-type; 19 items) assessing their confidence regarding 
prescription drug abuse knowledge and communicating with others regarding 
this issue as well as gathering demographic information (10 items). 
Afterward, the students participated in an individual readiness assessment 
(iRAT) to assess what they learned from the reading, a team readiness 
assessment (tRAT) to allow for deeper learning through group discussions of 
the iRAT questions, and an application exercise, where they interacted in 
groups to examine scenarios and identify relevant solutions that may occur 
in future pharmacy practice. Student pharmacists then developed the 
GenerationRx presentation, and during October 2014, they will present to 
local middle schools. In December 2014, the same survey instrument assessing 
confidence will be administered and pre-post changes in confidence will be 
analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: A total of 39 students 
(n = 18 pre-pharmacy; n = 21 professional) completed baseline assessment. 
The median confidence regarding knowledge and communicating with others was 
somewhat confident (median = 5) or confident (median = 6) for all items. 
Data collection is ongoing with anticipated completion in December 2014. 
With the increasing prevalence of prescription drug abuse, pharmacists now 
have a greater responsibility to reach out to their communities. The results 
gained from this project will assist in the modification of training 
exercises and building confidence in student pharmacists to prepare them to 
engage communities now and in their future practice.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  human
  pharmacist
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  American
  community
  exercise
  information processing
  learning
  middle school
  pharmacy
  prevalence
  problem solving
  reading
  responsibility
  Wilcoxon signed ranks test
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 66
TITLE
  Knowledge and perception of prescription medication abuse among college 
freshman enrolled in a first-year experience course
AUTHOR NAMES
  Strait R.
  Stephens K.
  Bloodworth L.
  Dikun J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Strait R., rachelcstrait@gmail.com; Stephens K.; Bloodworth L.; Dikun J.) 
University of Mississippi, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Strait, University of Mississippi, United States. Email: 
rachelcstrait@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e246). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: This study is designed to measure the effectiveness of an 
American Pharmacists Association (APhA)- Academy of Student Pharmacists 
(ASP)- sponsored Generation Rx program delivered by student pharmacists 
through assessments of knowledge, perceptions, and willingness to intervene 
upon college freshman enrolled in the First-Year Experience Course (EDHE 
101) at The University of Mississippi. Methods: An instrument was developed 
and adapted to allow a pre- and post-survey methodology to measure overall 
program effectiveness. Knowledge- based assessments were developed utilizing 
Generation Rx Initiative materials, with presentations subsequently 
developed and presenters trained to ensure consistent delivery of knowledge 
domain content. Subscales for perception and intervention domains were both 
adapted from a validated instrument. Domains will be assessed on key 
demography for comparison. Observations will be directly utilized in 
programmatic assessment to ensure quality and appropriateness of the local 
Generation Rx program. All descriptive and inferential statistics of this 
exploratory work will be performed and assessed. This study was submitted to 
The University of Mississippi Institutional Review Board. Results: Results 
are forthcoming and will be presented at the APhA Annual Meeting and 
Exposition. Course offerings will be late September/early October. In 
collaboration with The University of Mississippi's Office of Health 
Promotions, student pharmacists will be responsible for writing the textbook 
chapter on prescription drug education and prevention of prescription drug 
abuse utilized in the EDHE 101 curriculum for the following academic year. 
The data will directly affect how the material is prepared, delivered, and 
assessed.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  college
  drug therapy
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  American
  book
  curriculum
  demography
  drug abuse
  education
  health promotion
  human
  inferential statistics
  institutional review
  methodology
  pharmacist
  prevention
  program effectiveness
  student
  United States
  university
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 67
TITLE
  Pharmacy student and pharmacist impact on patient safety and care: 
Interventions in a community pharmacy setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Krinsky D.
  Bachmann D.
  Harbert B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Krinsky D., dkrinsky@neomed.edu; Bachmann D.; Harbert B.) Northeast Ohio 
Medical University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Krinsky, Northeast Ohio Medical University, United States. Email: 
dkrinsky@neomed.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e240-e241). 
Date of Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Community pharmacies offer myriad opportunities to impact patient 
safety and patient care. Activities such as patient education and device 
demonstration are taken for granted yet the impact on outcomes is 
potentially very significant. Previous research suggests many drug-related 
problems are preventable through pharmacist actions. The objectives of this 
study are to: (1) evaluate the types and significance of interventions 
performed in a community pharmacy setting and (2) assess the potential 
impact on patient safety and care. Methods: At this practice, intervention 
opportunities are typically identified by pharmacists during the final 
prescription verification (checking) process. These prescriptions are tagged 
for counseling and cannot be sold until the counseling is completed. After 
the encounter, the pharmacist or pharmacy student documents the 
actions/discussion and assigns a “significance” number based on his or her 
interpretation of patient value. The encounter documentation form includes 
the following suggested scale for the ranking of interventions: 1 = mild, 4 
= moderate, 7 = major. We evaluated the data pertaining to the types of 
encounters and conducted a retrospective review of the rankings based on the 
initial data gathered. We aim to further assess the appropriateness of the 
severity level assigned at the time of interaction. Results: A retrospective 
review of the data from June-September 2014 found 491 point-of-care 
interventions; of these, 177 had a severity level assigned (>90% level 1). 
Interventions included verifying dose changes, allergies, medication 
changes, device training, and others. We will retrospectively assess the 
types of interventions and the potential impact on patient care. A more 
detailed analysis of these and additional 2014 data will be presented. We 
anticipate these data will validate the value of community pharmacists' 
“routine” interventions on patient safety and demonstrate the importance of 
focus on product and patient. We plan to expand this documentation process 
to other locations in our organization.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  allergy
  counseling
  devices
  documentation
  drug therapy
  patient
  patient care
  patient education
  prescription
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 68
TITLE
  Evaluation of a hypertension adherence service in a community pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Avant N.
  Marcy T.
  Planas L.
  Stevens E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Avant N., navant2@att.net) University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 
United States.
(Marcy T.; Planas L.; Stevens E.) University of Oklahoma, College of 
Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Avant, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States. Email: 
navant2@att.net
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e118). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objective of this study was to define the impact of a 
hypertension medication adherence service in a community pharmacy. Methods: 
The setting for this study was a community pharmacy, managed by a college of 
pharmacy, housed within a university-based primary care clinic in Oklahoma. 
Participants were predominately black patients with hypertension. 
Pharmacist-run interventions using scheduled visits averaging 22 minutes to 
assess each patient's blood pressure (BP), heart rate, antihypertensive 
therapies, medication adherence, barriers to adherence, and drug-related 
problems (DRPs). Outcome measures were changes in BP and BP control as well 
as DRPs, and respective interventions were collected retrospectively and 
assessed at baseline and at the second visit. Results: The mean age of the 
17 patients eligible for this study was 58 years with patients on an average 
of three antihypertensive medications. Eightytwo percent of the patients 
possessed a concomitant diabetes mellitus diagnosis and two-thirds of 
patients were female. The mean BP at the initial visit was 152/82 mm Hg with 
82% of patients having BP >140/90 mm Hg. By visit 2, patients achieved 
greater improvements in systolic BP (-8 mm Hg) and BP control (17.6% vs. 
47.1%). Among the 17 patients, 20 DRPs were identified just at visit 1. 
Pharmacists documented an average of 2.4 DRPs per patient in two visits. Of 
the total 41 DRPs found by visit 2, the most common were medication misuse 
(32%), missing lab (20%), suboptimal treatment (12%), and adverse drug 
reactions (10%). Of the 44 interventions documented, the most common were 
patient education (27%), change dose (23%), order lab (18%), and refer for 
evaluation (9%). Half of the recommendations to change dose, 25% of the 
recommendations to order labs, and 100% of the recommendations to be 
referred for evaluation were executed. Conclusion: Community pharmacists 
collaborating with physicians achieved reductions in BP and improved control 
rates in patients with hypertension as well as identified and corrected 
DRPs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antihypertensive agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hypertension
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  antihypertensive therapy
  blood pressure
  college
  diabetes mellitus
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  female
  heart rate
  hospital
  human
  medication compliance
  patient
  patient education
  pharmacist
  physician
  primary medical care
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 69
TITLE
  Collaborative practice agreements: Potential for community pharmacists to 
more efficiently resolve drug therapy problems
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bloor C.
  Moss K.
  Bacci J.
  Antinopoulos B.
  Mc-Givney M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bloor C.; Moss K., ksm38@pitt.edu; Bacci J.; Antinopoulos B.; Mc-Givney M.) 
University of Pittsburgh, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Bloor, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e130). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The study objectives are to: (1) determine the proportion of drug 
therapy problems identified by community pharmacists in patients with 
diabetes that could be more efficiently resolved through a collaborative 
practice agreement (CPA) in Pennsylvania and (2) identify pharmacies in 
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, that are equipped to implement a CPA. 
Methods: CPAs are a tool to aid in pharmacists collaborating with physicians 
to more efficiently care for their patients. Regulations are currently 
pending in Pennsylvania to allow wide-scale implementation of CPAs in the 
community setting. One hundred and fourteen second-professional year student 
pharmacists are in 70 community pharmacists in Allegheny County within a 
required experiential education course. Student pharmacists' observations of 
community pharmacists identifying and resolving drug therapy problems in 
diabetic patients will be retrospectively reviewed. Data collected include 
type of drug therapy problem identified, the pharmacists' steps taken to 
resolve the problem, and time to resolution. A needs assessment of each 
pharmacy practice was conducted to identify existing resources for CPA 
implementation. An expert panel of pharmacists who work collaboratively with 
physicians will review the student observation data and determine the 
proportion of drug therapy problems that could be more efficiently resolved 
through a CPA. A summative evaluation of the needs assessment will provide 
an overview of services in the region and allow a forecasted determination 
of impact if CPAs were in place. Results: Research in progress. Uncovering 
drug therapy problems that can be identified and resolved by pharmacists in 
the community through CPAs can assist in understanding the impact on 
efficiency and quality of patient care by pharmacists. Laws and regulations 
of CPAs currently vary from state to state, yet determination of impact is 
critical for all communities.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  diabetes mellitus
  diabetic patient
  education
  needs assessment
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  physician
  student
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 70
TITLE
  A student pharmacist's role in medication therapy management within a 
medication synchronization program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Goff J.
  Veach S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Goff J., jessica-goff@uiowa.edu; Veach S.) University of Iowa, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Goff, University of Iowa, United States. Email: jessica-goff@uiowa.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e212-e213). 
Date of Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The goal of this study is to demonstrate the ability of a student 
pharmacist working with a pharmacist to identify and resolve drug therapy 
problems for patients enrolled in a medication synchronization program. 
Methods: This is an observational report of a student pharmacist's 
involvement in a pharmacy's medication synchronization program. This 
observation will take place at an independent community pharmacy that has 65 
patients enrolled in its medication synchronization program. A student 
pharmacist was incorporated into the pharmacy's medication synchronization 
program and is responsible for contacting patients by phone to review their 
medications for refill on a monthly or 3-month basis. Prior to the patient 
phone call, the student pharmacist reviews the patient's medication list and 
notes any additional information needed from the patient. The student then 
records each patient interaction that occurs during routine phone calls and 
identifies potential drug therapy problems. If a potential problem is 
identified, the student further investigates the issue by using drug 
information resources and consults with a licensed pharmacist. Based on the 
conclusions drawn from the investigation process, the student pharmacist 
counsels the patient on the issue or makes a recommendation for change in 
therapy to the patient's prescriber. Each intervention is recorded. Data 
collected for this observational study will include the number of patient 
interventions initiated by a student pharmacist and the category of drug 
therapy problem identified. Descriptive statistics will be used to report 
the results. Results: Research in progress. The preliminary findings have 
demonstrated the student pharmacist's ability to identify and take action to 
correct drug therapy problems such as noncompliance and the need for 
additional therapy. By providing quantitative evidence of the student 
pharmacist's ability to identify patients in need of medication therapy 
management, this project could serve to improve the efficiency of workflow 
within the community pharmacy and improve patient care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  human
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug information
  observational study
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  statistics
  therapy
  workflow
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 71
TITLE
  Impact of a pharmacist in a transitional care clinic on readmission rates 
and adherence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Swank S.
  Metzger A.
  Luder H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Swank S., srxswank@gmail.com; Metzger A.; Luder H.) University of 
Cincinnati, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Swank, University of Cincinnati, United States. Email: srxswank@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2015) 55:2 (e133-e134). 
Date of Publication: March-April 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2015
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-27 to 2015-03-30
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Research on factors affecting care of patient handoffs from a 
transitional care outpatient clinic (TCOC) visit to primary care physician 
(PCP) visit is limited. The Transitions of Care Consensus Conference 
recognizes the importance of outpatient transitions. The objective of this 
study is to assess the impact of interventions made by an ambulatory care 
pharmacist collaborating with a TCOC physician and community pharmacists to 
bridge the gap from TCOC to establishment of the initial PCP visit for 
patients recently discharged from the hospital. Methods: This is a 
prospective, sin- gle-center, cohort study of all patients seen in a TCOC at 
a federally qualified health center. TCOC meets on Tuesdays (physician visit 
only) and Thursdays (physician and pharmacist visit). The interventional arm 
will include 50 patients seen by the physician and pharmacist. These 
patients will receive pharmacistled chart review of recent hospitalization, 
medication reconciliation, phone calls to patient and pharmacy, education 
and adherence counseling, and recommendations on drug therapy problems and 
monitoring. Pillbox, medication reminder, and med-card with illustrative 
directions also will be provided. The control arm will be composed of 50 
patients participating in a physician-only visit at TCOC. Data will be 
collected from the electronic medical record, TCOC visit, and pharmacy 
records and will include demographics, readmission and emergency department 
(ED) visit dates, fill history, drug therapy problems, and pharmacist 
interventions. The primary study outcome is all-cause 30-day readmission/ ED 
visit. Secondary outcomes include 30-day readmission/ED visit for reason of 
index hospitalization and medication adherence. Other outcomes are time 
duration of interventions and drug therapy problems and pharmacist 
interventions to mitigate these problems. Statistical analysis will utilize 
SPSS software. Study is pending institutional review board approval.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital
  hospital readmission
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  arm
  clinical handover
  cohort analysis
  computer program
  consensus
  counseling
  data analysis software
  drug therapy
  education
  electronic medical record
  emergency ward
  general practitioner
  health center
  hospitalization
  institutional review
  medical record review
  medication compliance
  medication therapy management
  monitoring
  outpatient
  outpatient department
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  statistical analysis
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2015.15515
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 72
TITLE
  A survey of substance use for cognitive enhancement by university students 
in the Netherlands
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schelle K.J.
  Olthof B.M.J.
  Reintjes W.
  Bundt C.
  Gusman-Vermeer J.
  Vanmil A.C.C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schelle K.J., kimberlyschelle@gmail.com; Olthof B.M.J.; Reintjes W.; Bundt 
C.; Gusman-Vermeer J.; Vanmil A.C.C.M.) Radboud Honours Academy, Radboud 
University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(Schelle K.J., kimberlyschelle@gmail.com) Department of Industrial Design, 
Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
(Olthof B.M.J.) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, 
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
(Reintjes W.) Department of Neurology, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, Netherlands.
(Bundt C.) Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, 
Belgium.
(Vanmil A.C.C.M.) Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health 
Sciences, University Medical Center, Radboud, Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.J. Schelle, Radboud Honours Academy, Radboud University, Comeniuslaan 4, 
Nijmegen, Netherlands.
SOURCE
  Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience (2015) 9:FEB Article Number: A10. Date of 
Publication: 17 Feb 2015
ISSN
  1662-5137
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Frontiers Research Foundation, info@frontiersin.org
ABSTRACT
  Background: Pharmacological cognitive enhancement, using chemicals to change 
cellular processes in the brain in order to enhance one’s cognitive 
capacities, is an often discussed phenomenon. The prevalence among Dutch 
university students is unknown. Methods: The study set out to achieve the 
following goals: (1) give an overview of different methods in order to 
assess the prevalence of use of prescription, illicit and lifestyle drugs 
for cognitive enhancement (2) investigate whether polydrug use and stress 
have a relationship with cognitive enhancement substance use (3) assessing 
opinions about cognitive enhancement prescription drug use. A nationwide 
survey was conducted among 1572 student respondents of all government 
supported Dutch universities. Results: The most detailed level of 
analysis—use of specific substances without a prescription and with the 
intention of cognitive enhancement—shows that prescription drugs, illicit 
drugs and lifestyle drugs are respectively used by 1.7, 1.3, and 45.6% of 
the sample. The use of prescription drugs and illicit drugs is low compared 
to other countries. We have found evidence of polydrug use in relation to 
cognitive enhancement. A relation between stress and the use of lifestyle 
drugs for cognitive enhancement was observed. We report the findings of 
several operationalizations of cognitive enhancement drug use to enable 
comparison with a wider variety of previous and upcoming research. 
Conclusions: Results of this first study among university students in the 
Netherlands revealed a low prevalence of cognitive enhancement drug use 
compared to other countries. Multiple explanations, such as a difference in 
awareness of pharmacological cognitive enhancement among students, 
accessibility of drugs in the student population and inclusion criteria of 
enhancement substances are discussed. We urge enhancement researchers to 
take the different operationalizations and their effects on the prevalence 
numbers into account.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  caffeine
  illicit drug
  nicotine
  non prescription drug
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cognitive defect
  substance use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  drug misuse
  human
  lifestyle
  multiple drug abuse
  Netherlands
  outcome assessment
  prescription
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  scoring system
  stress
  university student
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015772446
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00010
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 73
TITLE
  Safety measures of high-alert medications in paediatrics hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bataille J.
  Prot-Labarthe S.
  Bourdon O.
  Joret P.
  Brion F.
  Hartmann J.-F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bataille J.; Prot-Labarthe S.; Bourdon O.; Joret P.; Brion F.) Pharmacie, 
Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.
(Bataille J.; Joret P.) Pharmacie Clinique, Université Paris Descartes, 
Paris, France.
(Bourdon O.; Brion F.) Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de santé, 
Université Paris XIII, Bobigny, France.
(Hartmann J.-F.) Coordonnateur de la Gestion des Risques AssociéS Aux Soins, 
CLIN/CVRiS, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Bataille, Pharmacie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2015) 37:1 (233). Date of 
Publication: February 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  43rd ESCP International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy Patient Safety: 
Bridging the Gaps
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Copenhagen, Denmark
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-22 to 2014-10-24
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background and objective: High-alert medications are drugs associated with 
the highest risk of injury when they are misused. Paediatric population 
itself is at high risk of drug misuse. In a previous study, a list of 17 
high-alert medications was identifying in our department. The aim of this 
study is to identify the list of safety measures to reduce errors on 
high-alert medications use process. Setting and method: A three-step process 
was set: (1) literature review, (2) electronic survey sent to clinicians 
(seniors and residents), nurses and pharmacists working in a paediatric 
hospital. The participants were asked to select safety measures from the 
list constructed from the literature search and to suggest other measures 
for the use of high-alert medications. (3) A consensus staff approved a list 
of safety measures for the hospital with a prioritization of action. Main 
outcome measures: Obtain a list of paediatric measures to secure highalert 
medications process. Results: The review of literature identified 69 safety 
measures. The response rate to the survey was 20 % and nurses were the most 
represented category (64 %). Survey participants suggested improvement to 
safety measures in the following areas: incident reporting, drug 
administration protocol, clear and accessible information about medications, 
and double-checking implementation. The consensus list was composed of 53 
measures. Several working groups are created to set up these projects. Some 
high-alert medications are daily used, for example insulin in endocrinology 
and anaesthetics in operating rooms. The medical staff working in these 
departments is not bound to implement the complete measures, but these 
exceptions are notified on the protocol. 26 % of these measures are already 
set up. Conclusions: We proposed additional safety measures to prevent 
medication errors associated with high-alert medications. These measures 
addressed human, technical, organizational, and environmental factors such 
as information sheets for each high-alert medications, development and 
standardization of safety procedures and identification of high-alert 
medications in stockrooms at the pharmacy and the health care units. The 
implementation of these measures in paediatric hospital should help to 
prevent medication errors, and subsequent studies will be carried out to 
confirm their effectiveness. The outcomes expected are a reduction of 
medications errors, an increase of reporting incidents of errors and nearly 
errors.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anesthetic agent
  insulin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug therapy
  hospital
  human
  patient safety
  pediatrics
  safety
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  consensus
  drug administration
  drug misuse
  endocrinology
  environmental factor
  health care
  injury
  medical staff
  medication error
  nurse
  operating room
  pediatric hospital
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  population
  procedures
  risk
  standardization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-0039-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 74
TITLE
  Pharmacist Intervention in a Psychiatric Setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bugeja A.
  Serracino-Inglott A.
  Azzopardi L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bugeja A.; Serracino-Inglott A.; Azzopardi L.) Pharmacy, University of 
Malta, Msida, Malta.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Bugeja, Pharmacy, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2015) 37:1 (241). Date of 
Publication: February 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  43rd ESCP International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy Patient Safety: 
Bridging the Gaps
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Copenhagen, Denmark
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-22 to 2014-10-24
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background and objective: Around 12 % of people suffering from global 
disease account for psychiatric disorders. It has been identified that these 
patients are amongst the most challenging to manage.1 This study aimed to 
introduce and evaluate a pharmacist intervention when dealing directly with 
psychiatric patients and their family members. Setting and method: This 
study took place at Mount Carmel Hospital, the main local psychiatric 
hospital. A group of 20 psychiatric patients who selfadminister their 
medication and a group consisting of another 20 family members in charge of 
their ill relatives were interviewed using a validated medication adherence 
questionnaire before and after the distribution and explanation of a 
personalised medication chart. The 'Medication Chart Evaluation Form' was 
also completed post-intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21. 
Main outcome measures: Medication adherence, patient/family member knowledge 
pre- and post- intervention Results: The mean percentage score for 
'knowledge of the dosage regimen' after the intervention (97.97 %) exceeded 
the score before the intervention (88.95 %) (p = 0.001). The mean percentage 
score for 'knowledge of the medicine indication' after the intervention 
(89.31 %) exceeded the score before the intervention (59.19 %) (p approx. = 
0) Apart from forgetfulness (10/20), 12 patients revealed that their lack of 
adherence was due to: the annoyance of having to take medication (mentioned 
twice), the wish for an alcoholic drink (mentioned once), side effects 
(mentioned 4 times), out-of-stock medicines (mentioned twice), not seeing 
beneficial outcomes (mentioned once), feeling that there was no more need of 
certain medications(mentioned once), a nasty pill's scent (mentioned once). 
Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of the pharmacist's role 
as an educator. The distribution and explanation of the medication chart 
acted as an empowerment tool to improve medication awareness and knowledge 
which was found to be an important factor needed to increase medication 
adherence.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  human
  patient safety
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholic beverage
  annoyance
  data analysis software
  drug dose regimen
  drug therapy
  empowerment
  hospital
  medication compliance
  mental disease
  mental hospital
  mental patient
  odor
  patient
  pill
  questionnaire
  side effect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-0039-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 75
TITLE
  Drug-related problems in community pharmacies: A new tool to classify 
pharmaceutical interventions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Maes K.
  Bruch S.
  Hersberger K.
  Lampert M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Maes K.; Bruch S.; Hersberger K.; Lampert M.) Department of pharmaceutical 
sciences, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, Basel, 
Switzerland.
(Maes K.; Lampert M.) Clinical Pharmacy, Kantonsspital Baselland, 
Bruderholz, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Maes, Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Pharmaceutical Care Research 
Group, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2015) 37:1 (201). Date of 
Publication: February 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  43rd ESCP International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy Patient Safety: 
Bridging the Gaps
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Copenhagen, Denmark
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-22 to 2014-10-24
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background and objective: A classification system of pharmaceutical 
interventions (GSASA system) was implemented in several Swiss hospitals, 
while in community pharmacies no standardised classification is used. To 
promote mutual information (seamless care), the structure of the 
classification system should be similar for both settings but provide 
different levels of details, and support medication management along the 
patient pathway. Our objectives were to adapt the existing GSASA system to 
suit the community pharmacy setting and to perform a first validation of the 
new tool. Setting and method: Based on an exploratory trial using the GSASA 
system and protocols of medication reviews performed in community 
pharmacies, we developed a modified classification system. During a 6-week 
trial, 5th-year pharmacy students (n = 77) collected 10 discharge and 
ambulatory prescriptions requiring an intervention. They received training 
to thoroughly document each case with short description, prescription copy, 
and classification forms for each intervention. This allowed assessing 
appropriateness, interpretability, and validity. Acceptability and 
feasibility were tested by a 10-item questionnaire and 5-point Likert scales 
(1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). To determine inter-rater 
reliability, the same students (n = 58) classified 3 standard cases and 
Fleiss-Kappa coefficients k were calculated. Main outcome measures: 
Proportion of fully classified interventions, comprehensiveness of the 
classification, user's satisfaction, inter-rater reliability (Fleiss-Kappa 
coefficients) Results: The classification system includes 5 main categories 
and 52 subcategories. Out of all interventions (n = 725), 39 (5.4 %) could 
not be fully classified. Out of 76 students, 30 (39.5 %) agreed that time 
expenditure to classify a drug-related problem (DRP) was appropriate (mean 
user agreement 3.05 ± 1.12). They reported more difficulties to find the 
proper classification for DRPs in the categories 'problem' (3.12 ± 1.15) and 
'cause' (3.25 ± 1.18), than in the others. This is reflected by the moderate 
users agreement for the categories 'problem' (k = 0.53) and 'cause' (k = 
0.45), while substantial agreement for the categories 'type of problem' (k = 
0.70) and 'intervention' (k = 0.76) was obtained. Conclusions: The new 
classification system for pharmaceutical interventions, adapted for 
community pharmacies, reached good inter-rater reliability (all categories 
with k>0.4), high rating of acceptability and feasibility, and almost all 
interventions could be classified. Further refinements are needed to improve 
the precision of the tool and to enable final validation with practicing 
community pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  human
  patient safety
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accuracy
  cardiac resynchronization therapy device
  classification
  drug therapy
  hospital
  kappa statistics
  Likert scale
  medication therapy management
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  prescription
  questionnaire
  reliability
  satisfaction
  student
  Swiss
  validity
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-0039-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 76
TITLE
  Using a virtual patient system for the teaching of pharmaceutical care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Menendez E.
  Balisa-Rocha B.
  Jabbur-Lopes M.
  Costa W.
  Nascimento J.R.
  Dósea M.
  Silva L.
  Lyra Junior D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Menendez E.; Costa W.; Nascimento J.R.; Dósea M.; Silva L., leila@ufs.br) 
Department of Computing (DCOMP), Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil.
(Balisa-Rocha B.; Jabbur-Lopes M.; Lyra Junior D.) Laboratory of Teaching 
and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal 
University of Sergipe, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Silva, Department of Computing (DCOMP), Federal University of Sergipe, 
Marechal Rondon Avenue, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Medical Informatics (2015) 84:9 (640-646). Date of 
Publication: 14 Jan 2015
ISSN
  1872-8243 (electronic)
  1386-5056
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: The communication skills of pharmacists are essential for the 
identification and reduction of patient's drug related problems. Therefore, 
Pharmacy courses started the process of teaching Pharmaceutical Care to 
students in order to improve their communication skills. The use of virtual 
patients (VP) has been a widely used technique in health care courses, but 
many of the VP tools in Pharmacy field are in English and do not have 
clinical cases that are common in tropical countries, such as Brazil. The 
aim of this work is to describe the PharmaVP system, developed with the 
purpose of training Latin America students in Pharmaceutical Care. The main 
differential of PharmaVP is the availability in three languages (Portuguese, 
English and Spanish) and the possibility of clinical case evolution, 
simulating several visits made by the patient. Methods: The system was 
developed according to an incremental and interactive methodology, well 
suited for conducting multidisciplinary projects. Real clinical cases were 
collected from a Pharmaceutical Care program and added in PharmaVP to 
simulate the virtual patients. Then, 31 students of a Pharmacy course were 
trained and invited to participate of the evaluation study. They used the 
software and answered adapted instruments that assess the students' 
acceptance of, use of, learning of, and satisfaction with the system. 
Results: The results showed that the students found the cases realistic and 
learned significantly using the software. Another positive point is that the 
application process of PharmaVP did not consume much time. Discussion: We 
can conclude that the virtual patient tool contributed to the development of 
the skills required for the practice of Pharmaceutical Care, but should be 
used as complementary technique.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  pharmaceutical care
  virtual patient system
  virtual reality
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  communication skill
  computer program
  evaluation study
  human
  learning
  pharmacy student
  priority journal
  student attitude
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015118605
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.05.015
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 77
TITLE
  Reflections on Addiction in Students Using Stimulants for Neuroenhancement: 
A Preliminary Interview Study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hildt E.
  Lieb K.
  Bagusat C.
  Franke A.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hildt E., ehildt@iit.edu) Center for the Study of Ethics in the 
Professions, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3241 S. Federal Street, 
Chicago, United States.
(Hildt E., ehildt@iit.edu) Department of Philosophy, University of Mainz, 
Jakob Welder-Weg 18, Mainz, Germany.
(Lieb K., klaus.lieb@unimedizin-mainz.de; Bagusat C., bagusat@uni-mainz.de; 
Franke A.G., franke@hs-nb.de) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 
University Medical Centre, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, Mainz, Germany.
(Franke A.G., franke@hs-nb.de) Department of Social Work and Education, 
University of Neubrandenburg, University of Applied Sciences, Brodaer Straße 
2, Neubrandenburg, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Hildt, Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions, Illinois 
Institute of Technology, 3241 S. Federal Street, Chicago, United States.
SOURCE
  BioMed Research International (2015) 2015 Article Number: 621075. Date of 
Publication: 2015
ISSN
  2314-6141 (electronic)
  2314-6133
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, 287 pmb, New 
York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  The use of stimulants for the purpose of pharmacological neuroenhancement 
(NE) among students is a subject of increasing public awareness. The risk of 
addiction development by stimulant use for NE is still unanswered. 
Therefore, face-to-face interviews were carried out among 18 university 
students experienced in the nonmedical use of methylphenidate and 
amphetamines for NE assessing aspects of addiction. Interviews were 
tape-recorded, verbatim-transcribed, and analyzed using a qualitative 
approach. The interviews showed that participants - the majority had current 
or lifetime diagnoses of misuse or addiction to alcohol or cannabis - 
reported an awareness of the risk of addiction development associated with 
stimulant use and reported various effects which may increase their 
likelihood of future stimulant use, for example, euphoric effects, increase 
of self-confidence, and motivation. They also cited measures to counteract 
the development of addiction as well as measures taken to normalize again 
after stimulant use. Students were convinced of having control over their 
stimulant use and of not becoming addicted to stimulants used for NE. We can 
conclude that behavior and beliefs of the students in our sample appear to 
be risky in terms of addiction development. However, long-term empirical 
research is needed to estimate the true risk of addiction.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  central stimulant agent (drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol (drug toxicity)
  amphetamine derivative (drug toxicity)
  cannabis (drug toxicity)
  methylphenidate (drug toxicity)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  student attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcoholism
  article
  awareness
  cannabis addiction
  clinical article
  controlled study
  drug dependence
  drug misuse
  euphoria
  female
  health hazard
  human
  male
  mental performance
  motivation
  qualitative research
  self concept
  self confidence
  self control
  semi structured interview
  university student
  young adult
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015063953
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/621075
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 78
TITLE
  A cooperative agreement for workforce development in vietnam: HIV-addiction 
technology transfer center (VH-ATTC)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Darfler K.
  Larkins S.
  Rawson R.
  Le Minh G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Darfler K.; Larkins S.; Rawson R.) University of California Los Angeles, 
Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Los Angeles, United States.
(Le Minh G.) Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Darfler, University of California Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse 
Programs, Los Angeles, United States.
SOURCE
  Annals of Global Health (2015) 81:1 (143-144). Date of Publication: 
January-February 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  6th Annual CUGH Conference, Consortium of Universities for Global Health: 
Mobilizing Resesarch for Global Health
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Boston, MA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-26 to 2015-03-28
ISSN
  2214-9996
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier USA
ABSTRACT
  Program/Project Purpose: Vietnam is experiencing an HIV epidemic due, in 
large part, to the persistent problem of injection heroin use. There is an 
urgent need for workforce development in the areas of HIV and substance use 
disorders (SUD). Based at Hanoi Medical University (HMU), the Vietnam 
HIV-Addiction Technology Transfer Center (VH-ATTC) aims to provide a 
workforce that can deliver services to reduce the individual and societal 
impacts of HIV and SUD by (1) improving access to treatment and prevention 
services through systems linkage, and (2) increasing the capacity of the 
workforce to provide a wide range of evidence-based treatments. Phase I 
Project: 9/1/2011 - 8/31/2014 Phase II Project: 9/1/2014 - 8/ 31/2017 
Structure/Method/Design: The overarching goals of this initiative are to 
disseminate evidence-based knowledge and skills; to adapt approaches to the 
Vietnamese culture; to monitor, support and encourage implementation of 
these practices; and to develop a Vietnam- based resource that will sustain 
these efforts in the future. HMU was selected as the VH-ATTC hub, as it is 
the country's leading institution in coordinating curriculum development in 
many fields of medicine and public health. UCLA provides consultation to HMU 
in developing a plan to become a self-sustaining training and technical 
assistance resource. Outcomes & Evaluation: The VH-ATTC has succeeded in 
building the capacity to develop a skilled and knowledgeable local workforce 
by establishing: master trainers with considerable technical knowledge and 
capabilities, an abundance of Vietnamese language materials, resources and 
curricula, and a website, newsletter and listserv. The VH-ATTC has been 
designated as a national training institution, and its staff members have 
provided technical assistance to clinics in more than 10 provinces. 
Evaluation activities are designed to determine whether theVH-ATTCis 
effectively providing ongoing workforce development and training resources, 
andmeeting U.S. Government (GPRA) reporting requirements. Since its 
inception, the VH-ATTC team has carried out more than 60 trainings, 15 
lectures on addiction science, and two large conferences; far exceeding 
projected GPRA targets (380+% of goal). Going Forward: During Phase II, a 
second high-functioning VHATTC will be created in southern Vietnam at the Ho 
Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy. The priority of this 
project is to expand training and technical assistance resources throughout 
Vietnam and strengthen the capacity of the addiction services system. The 
VH-ATTC at HMU will play a substantial role in mentoring the South VH-ATTC 
in the foundation components of a newly established VH-ATTC. By the end of 
the current work plan, each university will “own” their VH-ATTC, and will 
have developed a plan to generate revenue for sustainability beyond the 
project period.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diamorphine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  health
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  technology
  university
  Viet Nam
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  city
  consultation
  curriculum
  curriculum development
  epidemic
  evidence based practice
  government
  hospital
  injection
  language
  non profit organization
  pharmacy
  prevention
  public health
  publication
  skill
  substance abuse
  United States
  Vietnamese
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 79
TITLE
  Interprofessional student-run primary health care clinics: Implications for 
pharmacy education in Scotland
AUTHOR NAMES
  Weidmann A.E.
  Pammett R.
  Landry E.
  Jorgenson D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Weidmann A.E., a.e.weidmann@rgu.ac.uk) School of Pharmacy and Life 
Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
(Pammett R.) University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
(Landry E.; Jorgenson D.) The College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University 
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.E. Weidmann, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon 
University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmacists Journal (2015) 148:3 (156-159). Date of Publication: 5 
May 2015
ISSN
  1913-701X (electronic)
  1715-1635
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Pharmacists Association, 1785 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, Canada.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  health center
  pharmacy student
  primary health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  body weight management
  cross-sectional study
  drug misuse
  experiential learning
  female
  health care delivery
  health service
  human
  male
  medical examination
  patient care
  public relations
  questionnaire
  smoking cessation
  United Kingdom
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015105026
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163515578124
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 80
TITLE
  Quod me nutrit me destruit ("What nourishes me, destroys me")
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brown L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brown L.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Brown,
SOURCE
  SA Pharmaceutical Journal (2015) 82:8 (46). Date of Publication: 2015
ISSN
  1015-1362
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Medpharm Publications, PO Box 14804, Lyttelton, Gauteng, South Africa.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  codeine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  health education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug misuse
  human
  needle
  note
  prescription
  scalpel
  syringe
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  codeine (76-57-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015441194
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 81
TITLE
  Knowledge, attitude and opinion of drug misuse and abuse by pharmacy 
students: A cross-sectional study in Jordan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jaber D.
  Bulatova N.
  Suyagh M.
  Yousef A.-M.
  Wazaify M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jaber D.; Bulatova N.; Suyagh M.; Yousef A.-M.; Wazaify M., 
m.wazaify@ju.edu.jo) Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, 
University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Wazaify, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University 
of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2015) 14:8 (1501-1508). Date of 
Publication: 1 Aug 2015
ISSN
  1596-9827 (electronic)
  1596-5996
BOOK PUBLISHER
  University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. editor@tjpr.org
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To assess the knowledge, attitude and opinion of final-year 
undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students regarding inappropriate 
drug use in a university campus, Amman, Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional 
survey using a self-completed validated anonymous questionnaire that 
consisted of two parts was adopted. The first part of the questionnaire 
pertained to respondents' demographic details, education level and any 
experience they might have had with drug misuse or abuse. The second part 
described students' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the 
identification, prevention and management of drug misuse and abuse. Results: 
A total number of 198 pharmacy students filled the questionnaire (N = 131 
undergraduate, and N = 67 postgraduate students). A majority of the students 
strongly agreed/agreed that all pharmacy staff must be trained on 
recognizing drug abusers (92.0 %), informed of the kinds of drugs abused in 
the local area of the pharmacy (93.4 %) and trained on methods of dealing 
with drug abusers (92.6 %). Conclusion: There is a need to implement a 
well-structured training on the identification, prevention and management of 
prescription and OTC drug misuse and abuse in undergraduate pharmacy 
curricula in Jordan. Modules should be updated regularly and tailored to 
meet the needs of pharmacy practice.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude
  drug abuse
  drug misuse
  knowledge
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cross-sectional study
  educational status
  female
  human
  male
  pharmacist
  prescription
  professional practice
  questionnaire
  work experience
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015346953
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v14i8.25
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 82
TITLE
  Expanding access to mat in Puerto Rico: Attitudes, perceptions and training 
needs of pharmacists and technicians toward dispensing buprenorphine for 
patients with opioid dependence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Grana Morales C.G.
  Márquez J.
  Rivera S.
  Ruiz J.
  Avilés J.
  Albizu-García C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Grana Morales C.G.; Márquez J.; Rivera S.; Ruiz J.; Avilés J.; 
Albizu-García C.) University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.G. Grana Morales, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, United States.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015) 146 (e126-e127). Date of Publication: 1 
Jan 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Juan, Puerto Rico
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-14 to 2014-06-19
ISSN
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Aims: Previous studies have found that pharmacy personnel may have negative 
perceptions and fears regarding opioid dependent patients and may be 
unwilling to stock medications for their treatment. In this study we 
identify knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards dispensing 
buprenorphine for patients with opioid dependence in a representative sample 
of pharmacists and technicians in Puerto Rico. We explore if these differ by 
whether or not the pharmacy accepts Medicaid. Methods: A Probabilistic 
sample with 118 participants from 61 pharmacies (65% response rate) 
responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 2011. A univariate 
analysis was conducted using SPSS version 17.0 to describe the attitudes, 
knowledge and training needs. Bivariate analysis was conducted to assess if 
these differed by acceptance of Medicaid. Results: 80% agreed they would 
provide service to a person with opioid dependence; 90% were willing to 
dispense the medication. In spite of this, 48% believe that participants can 
carry out thefts in the pharmacy and 50% fear for their safety. Knowledge 
scores did not differ by Medicaid acceptance but negative attitudes towards 
drug users was significantly greater among pharmacies accepting Medicaid (p 
< 0.000). Conclusions: MAT expansion efforts must take into account the 
knowledge and attitudes of pharmacists as an important component of the 
system of care. Efforts to address negative attitudes towards drug users 
should initiate in pharmacies serving Medicaid beneficiaries.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug dependence
  human
  opiate addiction
  patient
  pharmacist
  Puerto Rico
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  bivariate analysis
  data analysis software
  drug therapy
  drug use
  fear
  medicaid
  personnel
  pharmacy
  questionnaire
  safety
  theft
  univariate analysis
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.262
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 83
TITLE
  Revisiting Project Re-Engineered Discharge (RED): The impact of a pharmacist 
telephone intervention on hospital readmission rates
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sanchez G.M.
  Douglass M.A.
  Mancuso M.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sanchez G.M.; Douglass M.A.; Mancuso M.A., michelle.mancuso@bmc.org) 
Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, 88 E. Newton Street, Boston, 
United States.
(Douglass M.A.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Northeastern University, 
Boston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.A. Mancuso, Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, 88 E. Newton 
Street, Boston, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2015) 35:9 (805-812). Date of Publication: 1 Sep 2015
ISSN
  1875-9114 (electronic)
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose Project Re-Engineered Discharge is a discharge nurse education (DNE) 
and pharmacist follow-up telephone intervention protocol that was shown to 
decrease rehospitalization significantly. The specific value of the 
pharmacist intervention was not originally evaluated. The objective of this 
study was to determine the impact of a pharmacist telephone intervention 
during the transition of care process on the rate of unplanned 
hospitalization within 30 days of patient discharge. Methods A retrospective 
chart review was completed for patients who received DNE counseling and were 
discharged to home from the family medicine service at Boston Medical Center 
from July 2012 to May 2013. Patients were stratified into two groups: 
contacted/intervention and unable to contact/no intervention. The primary 
outcome was the rate of unplanned hospital utilization including emergency 
department visits and readmissions within 30 days of discharge. Secondary 
end points included number of pharmacist interventions and time spent on 
phone calls. Results A total of 401 patients were identified; 277 patients 
received a pharmacist telephone intervention, and 124 patients were unable 
to be contacted. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two 
groups, with the exception of a higher prevalence of substance abuse in the 
nonintervention group (41.9% vs 21.3%, p<0.001). The rate of unplanned 
hospitalization (visits/patient) was significantly reduced in the 
intervention group, compared with the unable-to-contact group (0.227 vs 
0.519, p<0.001). Pharmacists made a total of 128 interventions and spent an 
average of 22 minutes on each telephone intervention. Conclusion Patients 
unable to be contacted by a pharmacist after hospital discharge were more 
likely to be readmitted or visit the emergency department in the 30 days 
following discharge. A pharmacist telephone intervention as part of a 
comprehensive discharge protocol can have a positive impact on patients 
during the transition of care process by reducing incidence of unplanned 
hospital utilization.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital discharge
  hospital readmission
  nursing education
  pharmacist
  Project Re Engineered Discharge
  telephone interview
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical protocol
  controlled study
  emergency ward
  female
  health care cost
  health care utilization
  home care
  human
  incidence
  major clinical study
  male
  medicare
  patient counseling
  prevalence
  primary medical care
  retrospective study
  substance abuse
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015410240
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1630
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 84
TITLE
  Early evaluation of the experiences and opinions of pharmacists towards the 
Ontario Narcotics Monitoring System
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sproule B.
  Liu K.-W.
  Chundamala J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sproule B.; Liu K.-W.; Chundamala J.) Centre for Addiction and Mental 
Health, Toronto, Canada.
(Sproule B.; Liu K.-W.) University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Sproule, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015) 146 (e106). Date of Publication: 1 Jan 
2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Juan, Puerto Rico
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-14 to 2014-06-19
ISSN
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Aims: Ontario recently implemented a prescription monitoring program which 
features a unique system of alerts to pharmacists which are triggered when 
dispensing prescriptions for monitoring drugs based on previous prescription 
data indicating multiple prescribers, multiple pharmacies, duplicate 
prescriptions and early or late refills. The purpose of this study was to 
evaluate the experiences and opinions of pharmacists in relation to the 
implementation of Ontario's Narcotic Monitoring System, particularly as it 
pertains to the alert feature. Methods: An electronic survey was sent to all 
pharmacists in Ontario 6 months after implementation of the program. The 
survey included items related to demographics, practice setting, 
descriptions of significant alert-related patient encounters, positive and 
negative opinions, and suggestions for improvement. Results: Of the 972 
respondents, 89% (n = 867, 52% female) had received an alert since the 
inception of the program. The majority of pharmacists (90%) indicated 
receiving the multiple doctors, multiple pharmacies and duplicate drug 
alerts at least 1-2 days per week. A range of 53-72% of pharmacists rated 
most types of alerts as very useful. Pharmacists described over 1300 
significant alert-related encounters, with over one-half triggered when 
filling an opioid prescription. With most (>70%) of these encounters further 
communication was made with the patient, pharmacists, and prescribe. 
Pharmacists indicated the program conferred improved monitoring of 
prescription drug use, however, conflicts with patients was the most common 
negative outcome identified (19%). Conclusions: The new Ontario Narcotics 
Monitoring System is frequently alerting pharmacists to potentially 
problematic dispensing patterns that require further inquiry and 
intervention to resolve. There were generally positive opinions about the 
system with some limitations identified. Further evaluation is underway to 
provide program implementers with evidence-based suggestions to optimize 
program impact.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Canada
  college
  drug dependence
  human
  monitoring
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug use
  evidence based practice
  female
  interpersonal communication
  laryngeal mask
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  prescription
  program impact
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.655
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 85
TITLE
  Using HIV clinics to improve quality of community-based medical education
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pollack T.
  Diep Tuan T.
  Hoai Phong N.
  Tuyet Nhung V.
  Nhat Vinh D.
  Quoc Dat N.
  Thu Van T.
  Duong D.
  Libman H.
  Cosimi L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pollack T.; Duong D.) Partnership for Health Advancement in Vietnam 
(HAIVN), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
(Diep Tuan T.; Hoai Phong N.; Quoc Dat N.) University of Medicine and 
Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
(Tuyet Nhung V.; Nhat Vinh D.) Partnership for Health Advancement in Vietnam 
(HAIVN), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
(Thu Van T.) Ho Chi Minh City Provincial AIDS Committee, Ho Chi Minh City, 
Viet Nam.
(Libman H.; Cosimi L.) Partnership for Health Advancement in Vietnam 
(HAIVN), Boston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Pollack, Partnership for Health Advancement in Vietnam (HAIVN), Hanoi, 
Viet Nam.
SOURCE
  Annals of Global Health (2015) 81:1 (48-49). Date of Publication: 
January-February 2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  6th Annual CUGH Conference, Consortium of Universities for Global Health: 
Mobilizing Resesarch for Global Health
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Boston, MA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2015-03-26 to 2015-03-28
ISSN
  2214-9996
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier USA
ABSTRACT
  Program/Project Purpose: The Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and 
Pharmacy is reforming its 6-year undergraduate medical curriculum with a 
goal of improving training of doctors. Amajor focus of the reform is to 
introduce early community-based clinical experiences for students. However, 
medical education in Vietnam is primarily hospitalbased and models of 
community-based education are lacking. We piloted a community-based medical 
student elective utilizing the city's network of outpatient HIV clinics with 
the aims of improving the capacity of community-based clinical staff to 
mentor students, improving student history and physical examination skills, 
and exposing medical students to HIV patients in order to reduce stigma and 
to promote HIV medicine as a potential field for graduating doctors. 
Structure/Method/Design: The longitudinal clinical experience was designed 
as an eight week rotation integrated into the 3rd year internal medicine 
clerkship. Community HIV doctors were trained in teaching and mentoring 
skills and were mentored by university or project staff. Participating 
students spent one morning per week in one of 6 participating HIV clinics in 
the city. During each session students took histories and performed physical 
examinations, and presented cases to their clinical mentors who also 
provided a short didactic session on HIV. We assessed student and mentor 
knowledge, satisfaction and confidence. Outcomes & Evaluation: Twenty 
students and nine HIV providers participated in the pilot from March - July 
2014. Prior to the pilot, less than half of the students reported previous 
experience in an outpatient setting and less than half reported previous 
contact with a person living with HIV. During the eight half day sessions, 
students examined a mean of 3.4 patients (range 1-8 patients) and took a 
detailed medical history from at least 5 patients (range 5 to >20). After 
the eight weeks, all students demonstrated improved knowledge, 85% agreed or 
strongly agreed that the experience increased their confidence in taking a 
sexual history, 75% had increased confidence in taking a substance abuse 
history, 75% reported increased confidence in the ability to present a 
clinical case, and 100% reported they were less afraid of caring for 
patients with HIV. Ninety percent reported the rotation was useful for their 
education. All nine mentors reported increased confidence in their mentoring 
skills and improved job satisfaction. Going Forward: A pilot of early 
longitudinal clinical training in community-based HIV clinics improved 
student confidence in history and physical examination skills, reduced fear 
of HIV patients, improved the mentoring skills of community based clinicians 
and served as a model for introducing students to the outpatient management 
of chronic disease. The lessons learned from this pilot will inform the 
university's planned expansion of community-based clinical training 
opportunities.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  health
  hospital
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  medical education
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chronic disease
  city
  curriculum
  education
  fear
  human
  internal medicine
  job satisfaction
  medical history
  medical student
  model
  outpatient
  patient
  pharmacy
  physical examination
  physician
  satisfaction
  skill
  student
  substance abuse
  teacher
  teaching
  Viet Nam
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 86
TITLE
  Diversion of opioid maintenance treatment medications and predictors for 
diversion among Finnish maintenance treatment patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Launonen E.
  Alho H.
  Kotovirta E.
  Wallace I.
  Simojoki K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Launonen E., essiina.launonen@helsinki.fi; Alho H.; Simojoki K.) Clinicum, 
University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63, , Finland.
(Launonen E., essiina.launonen@helsinki.fi) University of Eastern Finland, 
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 
Finland.
(Alho H.) National Institute of Health and Welfare, Department of Mental and 
Substance Abuse Services, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, Finland.
(Kotovirta E.) Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Department for 
Promotion of Welfare and Health, Unit for Harm Prevention, P.O. Box 33, , 
Finland.
(Wallace I.) Department of Applied Health Research, University College 
London, Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom.
(Simojoki K.) A-Clinic Foundation, Maistraatinportti 2, Helsinki, Finland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Launonen, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 
PO Box 63, , Finland.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Drug Policy (2015) 26:9 (875-882). Date of 
Publication: 1 Sep 2015
ISSN
  1873-4758 (electronic)
  0955-3959
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier
ABSTRACT
  Background: Diversion (i.e. selling or giving away) of opioid maintenance 
treatment (OMT) medications is a challenge that concerns many units 
providing OMT worldwide and tools for prevention are needed. The object of 
this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors for diversion of the 
OMT medications buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) and methadone (MET) among 
Finnish OMT patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 
all Finnish OMT patients of whom 60% (. n=. 1508) participated. The data 
were collected by anonymous questionnaires distributed through all OMT units 
in Finland. To evaluate predictors for diversion, we used binominal 
regression analysis with unadjusted and adjusted ORs. Selling and/or giving 
away of OMT medication was used as a dependent variable and explanatory 
variables were gender, age, duration of OMT, type of OMT medication and 
dose, dispensation method of OMT medication, place of residence and 
intravenous use of any intoxicating drugs during the past six months. 
Results: Of all 1508 respondents, 7% (. n=. 100) had sold and 12% (. n=. 
169) had given their OMT medication to others, 57% for money and 23% in 
exchange for other drugs. In multivariate analysis, predictors associated 
with diversion were BNX as OMT medication (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.76-4.33), low 
(<9.0. mg/day) BNX dose (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.01-2.98), intravenous use of 
intoxicating drugs during the past six months (OR 4.48, 95% CI 3.13-6.43) 
and increasing length of OMT (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02). Age, place of 
residence or unsupervised pharmacy distribution of BNX were not associated 
with diversion. Conclusions: In order to reduce diversion, more 
interventions are needed to support patients to stop concurrent substance 
abuse. Increasing control measures, for example, increased supervision, are 
unlikely to prevent diversion. Given that sub-optimal dosing of BNX 
increases the risk of diversion, more attention should be paid to providing 
patients with an optimal medical dose.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine plus naloxone
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Finn (citizen)
  maintenance therapy
  opiate substitution treatment
  prescription drug diversion
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  age distribution
  article
  cross-sectional study
  drug marketing
  explanatory variable
  female
  gender
  health survey
  human
  intravenous drug abuse
  major clinical study
  male
  multivariate logistic regression analysis
  predictor variable
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  risk reduction
  treatment duration
  treatment withdrawal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015001722
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.03.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 87
TITLE
  Prevalence and experience of chronic pain in suburban drug injectors
AUTHOR NAMES
  Heimer R.
  Zhan W.
  Grau L.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Heimer R., robert.heimer@yale.edu; Zhan W.; Grau L.E.) Center for 
Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Dept. of Epidemiology of 
Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College 
Street, New Haven, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Heimer, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Dept. of 
Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale University School of Public Health, 
60 College Street, New Haven, United States.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015) 151 (92-100). Date of Publication: 1 Jun 
2015
ISSN
  1879-0046 (electronic)
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Aims: To explore the relationship between chronic pain and characteristics, 
behaviors, and psychological status of suburban Connecticut injection drug 
users. Methods: Cross-sectional study with quantitative interview and 
serological testing for HIV and hepatitis B and C in 456 individuals who 
injected drugs in the past month. Participants were dichotomized into those 
reporting current chronic pain of at least six months duration and all 
others. The interview covered (i) sociodemographics, (ii) injection drug 
use, (iii) interactions with drug treatment, criminal justice, and harm 
reduction, (iv) screening for alcohol use, chronic pain, anxiety, and 
depression, and (v) knowledge regarding HIV, hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), 
and opioid overdose. Serological testing for HIV, HBV, and HCV was 
conducted. Results: One-third (n= 143) reported chronic pain. These 
individuals differed significantly from those not reporting chronic pain on 
characteristics that included older age, lower educational achievement, and 
injection of pharmaceutical opioids. They also reported experiencing more 
psychological and family problems on the ASI and higher levels of depression 
and anxiety. Four of five individuals with chronic pain (n= 117) reported 
non-medical opioid use prior to the onset of chronic pain. Conclusions: 
Chronic pain is common among drug injectors in our study population although 
it was unusual for chronic pain to have preceded non-medical opioid use. 
Psychological problems in injectors with co-occurring chronic pain are 
likely pose significant complications to successful treatment for substance 
abuse, pain, or infectious disease treatment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  age
  alcohol consumption
  anxiety
  article
  controlled study
  correlational study
  criminal justice
  cross-sectional study
  demography
  depression
  disease duration
  disease severity
  drug overdose
  educational status
  female
  harm reduction
  health education
  health status
  hepatitis B
  hepatitis C
  HIV serosorting
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  marriage
  prevalence
  priority journal
  self report
  sex difference
  suburban area
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015885883
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 88
TITLE
  Effects of actual participation in drug testing on the attitudes of 
first-year pharmacy students toward a mandatory drug testing program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cates M.E.
  Hogue M.D.
  Woolley T.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cates M.E., mecates@samford.edu; Hogue M.D.) McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 
Samford University, Birmingham, United States.
(Woolley T.W.) Brock School of Business, Samford University, Birmingham, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.E. Cates, FASHP, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, 800 
Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, United States.
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2015) 7:2 (224-230). Date of 
Publication: 1 Mar 2015
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., usjcs@elsevier.com
ABSTRACT
  Previous research revealed that matriculating first-year pharmacy students 
held generally favorable opinions about mandatory drug testing despite 
expressing definite concerns regarding practical issues. The objective of 
this study was to examine the changes in their attitudes toward drug testing 
as the result of actual participation in drug testing. Methods: The study 
was an anonymous, voluntary survey that was composed of 30 pretested 
Likert-type questions relating to knowledge, concerns, and beliefs about 
drug testing. The survey was administered during orientation week 
(pre-testing) and then again at the end of the academic year (post-testing). 
Results: The survey was completed by 129 (100%) students in the pre-testing 
phase and 91 (71%) students in the post-testing phase. Nine items showed 
statistically significant changes from pre- to post-testing. Interestingly, 
there was greater agreement with various concerns about drug testing, 
including cost of testing, being called for testing when busy with other 
matters, accidentally missing drug testing, consequences of missing drug 
testing, and being in situations in which showing up for drug testing would 
be difficult to impossible. Students' responses revealed less agreement that 
drug screening had the potential to decrease illegal substance use among 
students and that it was important to detect a substance use problem in a 
pharmacist. Conclusion: First-year pharmacy students' attitudes toward drug 
testing remained generally positive and were relatively unaffected by their 
actual participation in drug testing during the academic year; however, some 
concerns about drug testing were heightened, and changes in two of the 
belief questions were rather disconcerting.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug screening
  mandatory program
  pharmacy student
  student attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug abuse
  health survey
  human
  priority journal
  substance use
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015658304
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2014.11.006
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 89
TITLE
  Proceedings of the AMCP Partnership Forum: Breaking the Link Between Pain 
Management and Opioid Use Disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Botticelli M.P.
  Brock I.P.
  Brooks P.
  Byram D.
  Clark K.J.
  Curro F.A.
  Daw J.
  Duggan M.
  Erensen J.
  Fan J.
  Francis W.
  Gammitoni A.
  Ghods M.P.
  Greenberg P.
  Jan S.A.
  Jeffrey P.L.
  Kowalski T.
  Lee J.
  Mcnally D.L.
  Nowak L.E.
  Peppin J.F.
  Schroeder A.
  Schmidt P.
  Stoddard J.
  Tanzman B.
  Thomson H.
  Wesolowicz L.
  Dragovich C.
  Eichelberger B.
  Mackowiak J.
  Oh S.
  Sega T.
  Singh P.
  Singh R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Botticelli M.P.) Office of National Drug Control Policy, United States.
(Brock I.P.) Affordability, OptumHealth Behavioral Solutions, United States.
(Brooks P.) Humana, United States.
(Byram D.) Orexo, United States.
(Clark K.J.) Medical Affairs, CVS Health, United States.
(Curro F.A.) PEARL Clinical Translational Network, United States.
(Curro F.A.) New York University, United States.
(Daw J.) University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, United States.
(Duggan M.) Wicked Sober, United States.
(Erensen J.) Health Policy, Purdue Pharma, United States.
(Fan J.) SAMHSA Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, United States.
(Francis W.) Pharmacy Management Services, Medlmpact, United States.
(Gammitoni A.) Medical and Scientific Affairs, Zogenix, United States.
(Ghods M.P.) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration, United States.
(Greenberg P.) Peggy Greenberg Consulting and Training, United States.
(Jan S.A.) Rutgers, The State University, United States.
(Jan S.A.) Horizon BCBS of New Jersey, United States.
(Jeffrey P.L.) MassHealth, United States.
(Kowalski T.) Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, United States.
(Lee J.) SAMHSA Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, United States.
(Mcnally D.L.) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, United States.
(Nowak L.E.) Express Scripts, United States.
(Peppin J.F.) Global Medical Affairs, Mallinckrodt, United States.
(Schroeder A.) University of Colorado Skaggs, School of Pharmacy-Kaiser 
Permanente of Colorado, United States.
(Schmidt P.) Depomed, United States.
(Stoddard J.) Medical Professional Services, Alkermes, United States.
(Tanzman B.) Vermont Blueprint for Health, United States.
(Wesolowicz L.) Pharmacy Services Clinical, BCBS of Michigan, United States.
(Oh S., soh@amcp.org) Pharmacy Affairs, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 
100 N. Pitt St., Ste. 400, Alexandria, United States.
(Thomson H.; Dragovich C.; Eichelberger B.; Mackowiak J.; Sega T.; Singh P.; 
Singh R.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Oh, Pharmacy Affairs, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 100 N. Pitt St., 
Ste. 400, Alexandria, United States. Email: soh@amcp.org
SOURCE
  Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy (2015) 21:12 (1116-1122). Date of 
Publication: 2015
ISSN
  1083-4087
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP), tfaggen@amcp.org
ABSTRACT
  Prescription drug misuse and abuse, especially with opioid analgesics, is 
the fastest growing drug problem in the United States. Addressing this 
public health crisis demands the coordinated efforts and actions of all 
stakeholders to establish a process of improving patient care and decreasing 
misuse and abuse. On September 9, 2014, the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy 
(AMCP) convened a meeting of multiple stakeholders to recommend activities 
and programs that AMCP can promote to improve pain management, prevent 
opioid use disorder (OUD), and improve medicationassisted treatment 
outcomes. The speakers and panelists recommended that efforts to improve 
pain management outcomes and reduce the potential for OUD should rely on 
demonstrated evidence and best practices. It was recommended that AMCP 
promote a more holistic and evidence-based approach to pain management and 
OUD treatment that actively engages the patient in the decision-making 
process and includes care coordination with medical, pharmacy, behavioral, 
and mental health aspects of organizations, all of which is seamlessly 
supported by a technology infrastructure. To accomplish this, it was 
recommended that AMCP work to collaborate with organizations representing 
these stakeholders. Additionally, it was recommended that AMCP conduct 
continuing pharmacy education programs, develop a best practices toolkit on 
pain management, and actively promote quality standards for OUD prevention 
and treatment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine (drug therapy)
  cocaine
  diamorphine
  methadone (drug therapy)
  opiate (drug therapy)
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  opiate addiction (drug therapy, drug therapy, prevention, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  behavior therapy
  chronic pain (drug therapy)
  conference paper
  continuing education
  drug control
  drug efficacy
  drug surveillance program
  education program
  evidence based practice
  health care organization
  health education
  human
  medical care
  medical practice
  mental health
  patient care
  patient counseling
  patient decision making
  practice guideline
  prescription
  treatment outcome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20151007977
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 90
TITLE
  Improving the health of canadians: Why a certification program for tobacco 
educators is necessary
AUTHOR NAMES
  Markham A.W.
  Connors C.
  Vollick S.
  Ladd A.
  Chapman K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Markham A.W., andreawm@yahoo.com) AWM and Associates, Eldorado, Canada.
(Connors C.; Vollick S.) Canadian Network Respiratory Care, Caledon, Canada.
(Ladd A.) RANA Respiratory Care Group, Winnipeg, Canada.
(Chapman K.) University of Toronto, Division of Respirology, Toronto, 
Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.W. Markham, 16983 Highway 62, Madoc, Canada. Email: andreawm@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy (2015) 51:4 (89-91). Date of 
Publication: 2015
ISSN
  2368-6820 (electronic)
  1205-9838
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists, pubs@cma.ca
ABSTRACT
  Tobacco use disorder is recognized as a chronic, relapsing condition, listed 
in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th 
Edition (1) and the International Classification of Diseases (2). Tobacco 
cessation requires a comprehensive approach that combines motivational 
interviewing techniques, pharmacological options and client-centred 
education (3,4). Health care professionals currently provide a limited 
amount of support to their clients in tobacco cessation, even though support 
has been shown to be a significant factor influencing quit rates (5). The 
Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists' smoking cessation position 
statement states respiratory therapists "advocate and encourage smoking 
cessation" (6). However, a joint statement of health care professional 
organizations, including the Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists, 
indicates that health care professionals are not confident in providing 
tobacco cessation support due to "insufficient education" (7). This gap in 
education points to a need for additional training for respiratory 
therapists in tobacco cessation to further develop their competencies in 
this area. The present commentary argues that a national, competency-based 
training and certification program will enable health care professionals to 
develop the skills and knowledge to support their clients through tobacco 
use disorder. A comprehensive approach to tobacco use prevention and 
cessation that is founded on the principles of client education will be 
reviewed as an effective means for reducing the burden of disease and 
suffering caused by tobacco use. The fight against the use of tobacco is a 
personal one for the authors of the present commentary. We have lost family 
members, friends and clients to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 
cancer and heart disease caused by tobacco. The fight against tobacco has 
been ongoing and, while there is a decrease in the prevalence, tobacco 
continues to be the leading cause of death in Canada (8).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  certification
  health education
  health educator
  smoking cessation program
  tobacco dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Canadian
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  counseling
  health care personnel
  health promotion
  heart disease
  human
  International Classification of Diseases
  motivational interviewing
  neoplasm
  practice guideline
  respiratory therapist
  smoking cessation
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20151005926
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 91
TITLE
  The Effect of Financial and Educational Incentives on Rational Prescribing. 
A State-Space Approach
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pechlivanoglou P.
  Wieringa J.E.
  De Jager T.
  Postma M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pechlivanoglou P., petros.pechlivanoglou@theta.utoronto.ca; De Jager T.; 
Postma M.J.) Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology and PharmacoEconomics, Department 
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
(Pechlivanoglou P., petros.pechlivanoglou@theta.utoronto.ca) Toronto Health 
Economics and Technology Assessment Collaborative, Department of Pharmacy, 
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
(Wieringa J.E.) Department of Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business, 
University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Pechlivanoglou, Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment 
Collaborative, Department of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, 
Canada.
SOURCE
  Health Economics (United Kingdom) (2015) 24:4 (439-453). Date of 
Publication: 1 Apr 2015
ISSN
  1099-1050 (electronic)
  1057-9230
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  In 2005, a Dutch health insurer introduced a financial incentive directed to 
general practitioners to promote rational prescribing of statins and proton 
pump inhibitors (PPIs). Concomitantly, a regional institution that develops 
pharmacotherapeutic guidelines implemented two educational interventions 
also aiming at promoting rational statin and PPI prescribing. Utilizing a 
prescription database, we estimated the effect of the interventions on drug 
utilization and cost of statins and PPIs over time. We measured the effect 
of the interventions within an implementation and a control region. The 
implementation region included prescriptions from the province of Groningen 
where the educational intervention was implemented and where the health 
insurer is most active. The control region comprised all other provinces 
covered by the database. We modelled the effect of the intervention using a 
state-space approach. Significant differences in prescribing and cost 
patterns between regions were observed for statins and PPIs. These 
differences however were mostly related to the concurrent interventions of 
Proeftuin Farmacie Groningen. We found no evidence indicating a significant 
effect of the rational prescribing intervention on the prescription patterns 
of statins and PPIs. Our estimates on the economic impact of the Proeftuin 
Farmacie Groningen interventions indicate that educational activities as 
such can achieve significant cost savings.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol consumption
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  age
  article
  female
  human
  male
  National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
  priority journal
  regression analysis
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014777817
MEDLINE PMID
  24519732 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24519732)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3030
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 92
TITLE
  High dead-space syringe use among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rafful C.
  Zule W.
  Gonzalez-Z͡niga P.E.
  Medina-Mora M.E.
  Magis-Rodriguez C.
  Strathdee S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rafful C.; Gonzalez-Z͡niga P.E.; Strathdee S.) Global Health, University of 
California San Diego, San Diego, United States.
(Rafful C.) San Diego State University, San Diego, United States.
(Zule W.) RTI International, Research Triangle Park, United States.
(Medina-Mora M.E.) Mexican National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, 
Mexico.
(Magis-Rodriguez C.) CENSIDA, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Rafful, Global Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015) 146 (e75). Date of Publication: 1 Jan 
2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Juan, Puerto Rico
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-14 to 2014-06-19
ISSN
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Aims: High dead-space syringes (HDSS) are believed to confer an elevated 
risk of acquiring HIV and other blood-borne infections. We identified 
prevalence and correlates of high dead-space syringe use among people who 
inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana. Methods: Beginning in 2011,PWID who reported 
being 18 years or older who injected drugs within the last month were 
recruited. At baseline and semi-annually, PWID underwent HIV testing and 
interviewer-administered surveys. Logistic regression was used to identify 
correlates of using HDSS. Results: Of 557 PWID, 40% had used HDSS. Most 
(72%) had done so because no other syringe type was available or because 
they were easier to get (20%). Controlling for sex and age at first 
injection (AOR: 0.97 per year; 95%CI: 0.94-1.00), use of HDSS was associated 
with cocaine as first drug injected (AOR: 2.68; 95%CI: 1.15-6.22), having 
been stopped or arrested by police (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.11-3.07), being 
deported from the US (AOR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.06-2.53), and believing it is 
illegal to carry syringes (AOR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.01-3.15). Conclusions: Use 
of HDSS by PWID is surprisingly common in Tijuana, which could increase 
transmission of HIV and viral hepatitis. Efforts are needed to expand 
coverage of low-dead space syringes at syringe exchange programs and 
pharmacies. Education is required to increase awareness of the harms 
associated with HDSS, and to reassure PWID that syringe possession is legal 
across Mexico.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cocaine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug dependence
  human
  Mexico
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood
  education
  HIV test
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  infection
  injection
  logistic regression analysis
  pharmacy
  police
  prevalence
  risk
  virus hepatitis
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.573
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 93
TITLE
  Comprehensive review of medicinal marijuana, cannabinoids, and therapeutic 
implications in medicine and headache: What a long strange trip it's been 
...
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baron E.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baron E.P., barone2@ccf.org) Department of Neurology, Headache Center, 
Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.P. Baron, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Department of 
Neurology, Center for Headache and Pain, 10524 Euclid Avenue, C15-23, 
Cleveland, United States.
SOURCE
  Headache (2015) 55:6 (885-916). Date of Publication: 1 Jun 2015
ISSN
  1526-4610 (electronic)
  0017-8748
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., subscrip@blackwellpub.com
ABSTRACT
  Background The use of cannabis, or marijuana, for medicinal purposes is 
deeply rooted though history, dating back to ancient times. It once held a 
prominent position in the history of medicine, recommended by many eminent 
physicians for numerous diseases, particularly headache and migraine. 
Through the decades, this plant has taken a fascinating journey from a legal 
and frequently prescribed status to illegal, driven by political and social 
factors rather than by science. However, with an abundance of growing 
support for its multitude of medicinal uses, the misguided stigma of 
cannabis is fading, and there has been a dramatic push for legalizing 
medicinal cannabis and research. Almost half of the United States has now 
legalized medicinal cannabis, several states have legalized recreational 
use, and others have legalized cannabidiol-only use, which is one of many 
therapeutic cannabinoids extracted from cannabis. Physicians need to be 
educated on the history, pharmacology, clinical indications, and proper 
clinical use of cannabis, as patients will inevitably inquire about it for 
many diseases, including chronic pain and headache disorders for which there 
is some intriguing supportive evidence. Objective To review the history of 
medicinal cannabis use, discuss the pharmacology and physiology of the 
endocannabinoid system and cannabis-derived cannabinoids, perform a 
comprehensive literature review of the clinical uses of medicinal cannabis 
and cannabinoids with a focus on migraine and other headache disorders, and 
outline general clinical practice guidelines. Conclusion The literature 
suggests that the medicinal use of cannabis may have a therapeutic role for 
a multitude of diseases, particularly chronic pain disorders including 
headache. Supporting literature suggests a role for medicinal cannabis and 
cannabinoids in several types of headache disorders including migraine and 
cluster headache, although it is primarily limited to case based, anecdotal, 
or laboratory-based scientific research. Cannabis contains an extensive 
number of pharmacological and biochemical compounds, of which only a 
minority are understood, so many potential therapeutic uses likely remain 
undiscovered. Cannabinoids appear to modulate and interact at many pathways 
inherent to migraine, triptan mechanisms ofaction, and opiate pathways, 
suggesting potential synergistic or similar benefits. Modulation of the 
endocannabinoid system through agonism or antagonism of its receptors, 
targeting its metabolic pathways, or combining cannabinoids with other 
analgesics for synergistic effects, may provide the foundation for many new 
classes of medications. Despite the limited evidence and research suggesting 
a role for cannabis and cannabinoids in some headache disorders, randomized 
clinical trials are lacking and necessary for confirmation and further 
evaluation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cannabinoid derivative (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  medical cannabis (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  endocannabinoid (drug therapy)
  phytocannabinoid (drug therapy)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  headache (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (side effect)
  cannabis use
  cardiovascular symptom (side effect)
  central nervous system disease (side effect)
  cluster headache (drug therapy)
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  genital system disease (side effect)
  human
  immunopathology (side effect)
  migraine (drug therapy)
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  respiratory tract disease (side effect)
  review
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015089360
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12570
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 94
TITLE
  Implementation of drug and HIV risk counseling in MMT programs in Taiwan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lee T.S.-H.
  Chawarski M.C.
  Peng C.
  Hung C.
  Metzger D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lee T.S.-H.; Peng C.) National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
(Chawarski M.C.) Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United 
States.
(Hung C.) Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
(Metzger D.) University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.S.-H. Lee, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015) 146 (e173). Date of Publication: 1 Jan 
2015
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Juan, Puerto Rico
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-14 to 2014-06-19
ISSN
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Aims: Few methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs in Taiwan offer 
drug counseling and data on program implementation have rarely been 
reported. This study aims to examine the feasibility of Behavioral Drug and 
Risk Counseling (BDRC) as a component of MMTP and documents its 
implementation in Taiwan. Methods: 90 MMT patients were randomly assigned to 
treatment as usual (n = 45, MMT only) or MMT+ BDRC (n = 45). Patients in the 
BDRC group receive weekly counseling in the first month, bi-weekly in months 
2 and 3, and monthly in months 4 to 7 after enrollment. BDRC sessions offer 
education on biological and pharmacological mechanisms of heroin and 
methadone, skills to reduce/avoid HIV risk behaviors, maintaining or 
improving medication adherence, and establishing non-drug related activities 
supporting recovery. BDRC utilizes health education, setting small and 
achievable goals, positive feedback, and developing plans and skills to 
improve treatment participation and prolonged drug recovery. BDRC counselors 
(n = 4) received a 5-day training workshop at the program onset. Clinical 
supervision, including case discussions, is conducted monthly and lead by an 
experienced psychotherapist. Counselors maintain content checklists and 
notes from each session. Results: Content analysis of the checklists and 
counseling notes showed that counselors were able to deliver the BDRC but 
fidelity of counseling intervention varies between sites and counselors. 
Factors influencing intervention fidelity include: counselor's professional 
background and past training, and site/organizational characteristics (e.g., 
availability of separate and confidential counseling space, coordination 
between case managers and counselors) and frequency of clinical supervision. 
Conclusions: Our preliminary findings support the potential of integrating 
behavioral counseling into regular MMT as a component of a comprehensive 
treatment in Taiwan.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diamorphine
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  counseling
  drug dependence
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  risk
  Taiwan
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  case manager
  checklist
  clinical supervision
  content analysis
  education
  health education
  human
  maintenance therapy
  medication compliance
  methadone treatment
  patient
  patient counseling
  positive feedback
  psychotherapist
  skill
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.387
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 95
TITLE
  A framework and review of online documentation of patient encounters during 
Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences
AUTHOR NAMES
  Vos S.S.
  Rolfes K.A.
  Swenson K.A.
  Currie J.D.
  Johnson S.J.
  Seyfer J.L.
  Umlah L.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Vos S.S., Susan-vos@uiowa.edu; Currie J.D.; Johnson S.J.; Seyfer J.L.; 
Umlah L.B.) Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, The University of 
Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, United States.
(Rolfes K.A.) The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, 
United States.
(Swenson K.A.) Walmart Pharmacy, Rochester, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.S. Vos, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Iowa 
College of Pharmacy, 115 S. Grand Avenue, S413 PHAR, Iowa City, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2015) 7:5 (691-699). Date of 
Publication: 1 Sep 2015
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., usjcs@elsevier.com
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To establish a mechanism for student documentation of patient 
encounters including problems identified and interventions performed; to 
assess the breadth of student exposure during Advanced Pharmacy Practice 
Experiences (APPEs); to identify the most commonly reported problems and 
interventions as reported by students. Design: Students document selected 
patient care encounters via an online case documentation system using 12 
different pharmacotherapy categories and include information such as patient 
demographics, drug therapy problems identified, medications involved, and 
type of intervention. Data were analyzed from the classes of 2012 and 2013 
during their APPE year. Assessment: During the two year period, over 21,000 
individual patient encounters and over 40,000 pharmacotherapy category 
entries were documented. Cardiology and Infectious Disease (ID) were the 
most prevalent pharmacotherapy categories documented, while Dermatology, 
Urology/Nephrology, Respiratory, and Other were the least commonly 
documented. The most common interventions were Medication Therapy Management 
(MTM), education to patients, and provider contact. The most common problems 
identified were "needs additional therapy" and "incorrect dose.". 
Conclusion: The online documentation system was shown to be an effective 
tool for documenting breadth of student exposure to patients, drug therapy 
problems, and interventions during the APPE curriculum. Students were able 
to document a variety of patient encounters, problems, and interventions. 
Documentation of students' encounters across all APPE curricula is one way 
to demonstrate diversity and variety in patient care experiences. This 
article provides a framework for other colleges of pharmacy to document 
student interventions and level of engagement with the outside community 
during practice-based experiences.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience
  experiential learning
  medical documentation
  medical practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  demography
  human
  medication therapy management
  online analysis
  patient assessment
  patient care
  patient education
  pharmacy student
  priority journal
  problem identification
  problem solving
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015227110
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2015.06.008
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 96
TITLE
  A student pharmacist-led medication reconciliation service and its impact on 
the identification of drug-related problems in an ambulatory clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Stewart A.L.
  Snodgrass J.
  Schontz M.
  Parekh M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Stewart A.L., stewar14@duq.edu) 209 Bayer Learning Center, Duquesne 
University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, United 
States.
(Snodgrass J.) VA Butler Healthcare, Butler, United States.
(Schontz M.) Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, United States.
(Parekh M.) Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.L. Stewart, 209 Bayer Learning Center, Duquesne University, Mylan School 
of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, United States.
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2015) 7:5 (575-583). Date of 
Publication: 1 Sep 2015
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., usjcs@elsevier.com
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Describe a model of care in which student pharmacists are 
engaged in medication reconciliation services and document the impact of 
this model on the identification of drug therapy-related problems. Material 
and methods: Student pharmacists in the PY4 year completing a required 
Advanced Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Practice Experience at a free clinic for 
indigent, uninsured adults conducted medication reconciliation services 
immediately prior to the patients[U+05F3] scheduled medical appointment with 
their physician. Following each encounter, students updated the medication 
list in the electronic medical record, clarified discrepancies, and 
identified the presence of drug therapy problems with the patient[U+05F3]s 
physician. The main outcome measures included the presence of drug 
therapy-related problems, clinical interventions recommended to the 
provider, and recommendation acceptance rates. Recommendations were further 
categorized by disease state. Results: Students documented 673 clinical 
interventions. The most common type of problem identified was an untreated 
indication. Providers accepted 89% of the student pharmacists[U+05F3] 
recommendations. Interventions related to immunizations, hypertension, and 
diabetes were the most frequent. Discussion: Student pharmacists can 
participate in medication reconciliation services in primary care settings 
at a level that contributes to the identification and resolution of 
drug-related problems. The utilization of students in this role is an 
effective strategy for the implementation of medication reconciliation 
services when resources are limited.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  ambulatory care
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  diabetes mellitus
  electronic medical record
  human
  hypertension
  immunization
  patient care
  pharmacy
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015236162
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2015.06.020
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 97
TITLE
  Pattern of drug therapy problems and interventions in ambulatory patients 
receiving antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Patrón de problemas relacionados con medicamentos e intervenciones en 
pacientes ambulatorios que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral en Nigeria
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ojeh V.B.
  Naima N.
  Abah I.O.
  Falang K.D.
  Lucy O.
  London I.
  Dady C.
  Agaba P.
  Agbaji O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ojeh V.B., bazimojeh@gmail.com; Naima N., sarauniyanaima@gmail.com; Abah 
I.O., isaacabah@gmail.com; Lucy O., lucyamah4real@yahoo.com; London I., 
Ibrahim_london@yahoo.com; Dady C., weedady@gmail.com) APIN Centre/Pharmacy 
Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
(Falang K.D., falangkakjing@gmail.com) Department of Pharmacology, 
University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
(Agaba P., ellagaba@yahoo.com) Department of Family Medicine, University of 
Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
(Agbaji O., oagbaji@yahoo.com) Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal 
Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Practice (2015) 13:2 (1-6). Date of Publication: 2015
ISSN
  1886-3655 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica, catedra@farmacare.com
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: We describe the frequency and types of drug therapy problems 
(DTPs), and interventions carried out to resolve them, among a cohort of 
HIV- infected patients on ART in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: A prospective 
pharmacists’ intervention study was conducted between January and August 
2012 at the outpatient HIV clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital 
(JUTH). Pharmacists identified DTPs and made recommendations to resolve 
them. The main outcome measures were number of DTPs encountered, 
interventions proposed and acceptance rate of recommendations. Results: A 
total of 42,416 prescriptions were dispensed to 9339 patients during the 
eight months study. A total of 420 interventions (Intervention rate of 1 per 
100 prescriptions) were made to resolve DTPs in 401 (4.3%) patients with a 
mean age of 41 (SD=10) years, and made up of 73% females. DTPs encountered 
were drug omission (n=89, 21.2%), unnecessary drug (n=55, 13.1%) and wrong 
drug indication (n=55, 13.1%). Recommendations offered included; Addition of 
another drug to the therapy (n=87, 20.7%), rectification of incomplete 
prescriptions (n=85, 20.2%), change of drug or dosage (n=67, 16.0%), and 
discontinuation of the offending drug (n=59, 14.0%). A total of 389 (93%) 
out of 420 of the recommendations were accepted. In all, 50.4% (212) of the 
problematic prescriptions were changed and dispensed, 22.2% (89) were 
clarified and dispensed, while wrong identities were corrected in 11.7% 
(49). However, 7.5% (30) prescriptions were dispensed as prescribed, 5.2% 
(21) were not dispensed, and 3% (12) were unresolved. Conclusion: Our 
findings suggest that pharmacistsinitiated interventions can ameliorate DTPs 
in patients receiving ART given the high intervention acceptance rate 
recorded. The implication of this finding is that pharmacists with requisite 
training in HIV pharmacotherapy are an excellent resource in detecting and 
minimizing the effect of antiretroviral drug-related errors.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiretrovirus agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ambulatory care
  drug therapy problems
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  treatment outcome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  descriptive research
  drug choice
  drug contraindication
  drug dose
  drug hypersensitivity
  drug indication
  drug monitoring
  drug use
  drug utilization
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medication error
  Nigeria
  prescription
  prospective study
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015148687
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 98
TITLE
  Health literacy among pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands
AUTHOR NAMES
  Koster E.S.
  Philbert D.
  Bouvy M.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Koster E.S., e.koster@uu.nl; Philbert D.; Bouvy M.L.) Utrecht Pharmacy 
Practice network for Education and Research (UPPER), Division of 
Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 
Netherlands.
(Bouvy M.L.) SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Leiden, 
Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.S. Koster, UPPER, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical 
Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, Utrecht 
TB, Netherlands.
SOURCE
  Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (2015) 24:7 (716-721). Date of 
Publication: 1 Jul 2015
ISSN
  1099-1557 (electronic)
  1053-8569
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: Health literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, understand and 
apply information to make appropriate health decisions. Most health literacy 
research has been performed in the USA. Our objective was to study the 
prevalence of limited health literacy among adult pharmacy visitors in the 
Netherlands and to assess the association between health literacy and 
understanding of drug label information. Methods: A cross-sectional study 
was performed in community pharmacies belonging to the Utrecht Pharmacy 
Practice network for Education and Research. Adult pharmacy visitors (aged 
≥18years) were approached in the pharmacy waiting area and invited for a 
brief interview including the newest vital sign, a validated health literacy 
assessment measure and questions about understanding of standard drug label 
instructions. Results: A total of 984 pharmacy visitors were included in the 
study: 63% were women, mean age was 56years and the majority was of native 
origin (84%). Based on newest vital sign scores, 52% had limited health 
literacy skills. Pharmacy visitors with limited health literacy skills had 
significantly lower understanding of drug label instructions (p<0.001). 
Conclusion: Approximately half of the pharmacy visitors in this study had 
limited health literacy skills. These individuals experienced more 
difficulties understanding drug label instructions. These findings emphasize 
the need to identify patients with limited health literacy skills, as these 
patients might be at increased risk for drug-related problems caused by 
misunderstanding of information.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude to health
  drug information
  health literacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  Dutchman
  female
  human
  interview
  major clinical study
  male
  middle aged
  Netherlands
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacoepidemiology
  pharmacy
  prevalence
  priority journal
  vital sign
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015169029
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3803
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 99
TITLE
  Development of an Aggregated System for Classifying Causes of Drug-Related 
Problems
AUTHOR NAMES
  Basger B.J.
  Moles R.J.
  Chen T.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Basger B.J., ben.basger@sydney.edu.au; Moles R.J.; Chen T.F.) The 
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.J. Basger, The University of Sydney, A15 Science Rd, Sydney, Australia.
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2015) 49:4 (405-418). Date of Publication: 16 Apr 
2015
ISSN
  1542-6270 (electronic)
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., claims@sagepub.com
ABSTRACT
  Background: More than 20 different types of classification systems for 
drug-related problems (DRPs) and their causes have been developed. 
Classification is necessary to describe and assess clinical, organizational, 
and economic impacts of DRPs through documentation of collected data. 
However, many researchers have judged classification systems incomplete when 
describing their data, and have modified them or developed their own. This 
variability between systems has made study comparisons difficult. 
Objectives: To perform a category-by-category comparison of the content of 
selected DRP classification systems to construct an aggregated cause-of-DRP 
classification system containing the content of all systems. Method: DRP 
classification systems were identified after a literature review, with 7 
chosen based on their use in varied health care settings, geographical 
diversity, frequency of use, and method of development. These systems were 
critically analyzed, and the content of each category was compared and 
aggregated where appropriate. A hierarchy of categories was constructed to 
include all content from all systems. Any modifications that previous 
studies may have made to the 7 systems were also cross-referenced to ensure 
that no concepts were missing from the newly aggregated system. Clinical 
examples to optimize application, and instructions for when or when not to 
use categories, were developed. Interrater agreement for classification of 
the causes of DRPs from 10 medication reviews was performed between 3 
clinical pharmacists and the authors’ gold standard. Results: We found 
variation in developmental methods, category descriptions, number and types 
of categories, and validation methods between the 7 selected systems, 
together with intermingling of categories identified as causes of DRPs with 
DRPs themselves. A hierarchical classification system was constructed 
consisting of 9 cause-of-DRP categories, 33 subcategories, and 58 
sub-subcategories, for which interrater agreements were 82.5%, 74.6%, and 
58.8%, respectively. Conclusion: An aggregated classification system was 
constructed through a unique and transparent developmental process that may 
provide the most comprehensive description of causes of DRPs to date. This 
may facilitate teaching of pharmaceutical care, comparisons of clinical 
practice, and measurement of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care 
interventions.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  disease classification
  drug induced disease
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  article
  clinical practice
  drug monitoring
  drug treatment failure
  geographic distribution
  gold standard
  human
  interrater reliability
  medication error
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015835347
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028014568008
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 100
TITLE
  Pharmacovigilance study: Exploring the role of community pharmacists in 
adverse drug reactions reporting in Alkharj city, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rabba A.K.
  Ain M.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rabba A.K., a.rabba@sau.edu.sa; Ain M.R.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi 
Arabia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.K. Rabba, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince 
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
SOURCE
  Latin American Journal of Pharmacy (2015) 34:5 (901-906). Date of 
Publication: 2015
ISSN
  0326-2383
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Colegio de Farmaceuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, 
assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other 
drug related problems. Spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is 
the foundation stone of pharmacovigilance activity. A cross sectional survey 
was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014 to evaluate the role of 
community pharmacists in ADRs reporting, by using a pre-assessed 
questionnaire with structured face-to-face interviews with community 
pharmacists from randomly selected private community pharmacies in Alkharj, 
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 53 community pharmacists participated in 
the study, Results of this study reflected lack of adequate knowledge 
regarding ADRs reporting among community pharmacists. Regulatory authorities 
and professional pharmaceutical organizations in Saudi Arabia need to raise 
concern and educate pharmacists on the system of pharmacovigilance.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug induced disease
  drug surveillance program
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cross-sectional study
  drug safety
  human
  interview
  knowledge
  middle aged
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist attitude
  pharmacy
  prescription
  questionnaire
  Saudi Arabia
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015065332
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 101
TITLE
  Text mining for pharmacovigilance: Using machine learning for drug name 
recognition and drug-drug interaction extraction and classification
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ben Abacha A.
  Chowdhury M.F.M.
  Karanasiou A.
  Mrabet Y.
  Lavelli A.
  Zweigenbaum P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ben Abacha A., asma.benabacha@list.lu; Karanasiou A., 
aikaterini.karanasiou@list.lu; Mrabet Y., yassine.mrabet@list.lu) Luxembourg 
Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg.
(Chowdhury M.F.M., mchowdh@us.ibm.com) IBM Research, United States.
(Lavelli A., lavelli@fbk.eu) HLT Research Unit, FBK, Trento, Italy.
(Zweigenbaum P., pz@limsi.fr) LIMSI-CNRS, Orsay, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Ben Abacha, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg. 
Email: asma.benabacha@list.lu
SOURCE
  Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2015) 58 (122-132). Date of Publication: 
2015
ISSN
  1532-0464
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academic Press Inc., apjcs@harcourt.com
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacovigilance (PV) is defined by the World Health Organization as the 
science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding 
and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. An 
essential aspect in PV is to acquire knowledge about Drug-Drug Interactions 
(DDIs). The shared tasks on DDI-Extraction organized in 2011 and 2013 have 
pointed out the importance of this issue and provided benchmarks for: Drug 
Name Recognition, DDI extraction and DDI classification. In this paper, we 
present our text mining systems for these tasks and evaluate their results 
on the DDI-Extraction benchmarks. Our systems rely on machine learning 
techniques using both feature-based and kernel-based methods. The obtained 
results for drug name recognition are encouraging. For DDI-Extraction, our 
hybrid system combining a feature-based method and a kernel-based method was 
ranked second in the DDI-Extraction-2011 challenge, and our two-step system 
for DDI detection and classification was ranked first in the 
DDI-Extraction-2013 task at SemEval. We discuss our methods and results and 
give pointers to future work.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  extraction
  machine learning
  mining
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  classification
  kernel method
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  20151016217
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2015.09.015
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 102
TITLE
  The importance of stress, self-efficacy, and self-medication for 
pharmacological neuroenhancement among employees and students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Maier L.J.
  Haug S.
  Schaub M.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Maier L.J., larissa.maier@isgf.uzh.ch; Haug S.; Schaub M.P.) Swiss Research 
Institute for Public Health and Addiction (ISGF), Associated Institute at 
the University of Zurich and WHO Collaborating Centre, Zurich, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.J. Maier, Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction (ISGF), 
Associated Institute at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 
Postfach, Zurich, Switzerland.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015) 156 (221-227) Article Number: 5747. Date 
of Publication: 1 Nov 2015
ISSN
  1879-0046 (electronic)
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: This study examined the relationship between stress, 
self-efficacy, self-medication, and pharmacological neuroenhancement (PNE) 
in the Swiss general population. Methods: Using the largest Swiss Internet 
panel, a sample of 10,171 employees and students (unweighted N=. 10,084) 
aged 15-74 years was recruited and asked to complete a self-administered 
online survey. The data were weighted for age, sex, and language region to 
provide results that were representative of the Swiss population. 
Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to identify predictors 
of pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE) and pharmacological mood 
enhancement (PME) over the past year. Two self-medication models and an 
overall model were determined. Results: Current medical treatment for a 
mental disorder was the best predictor of both PCE and PME use as serious 
self-medication. The overall model revealed that cannabis use, frequent 
stress, and long-term stress were predictors of both PCE and PME, whereas 
negative stressors and time pressure at work did not remain in the final 
model. Furthermore, past-year PCE with and without PME was associated with 
being male, being a student, and using illegal drugs other than cannabis, 
whereas being female and having low self-efficacy predicted past-year PME 
only. Conclusions: Consideration of the predictor variables identified in 
this study may help to identify the potential PCE and PME users for whom 
measures to prevent drug abuse and manage stress are most appropriate. More 
specifically, the use of PCE and PME as self-medication to enhance 
performance at work or while studying needs further consideration in the 
neuroenhancement debate.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabis
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  mental stress
  pharmacological neuroenhancement
  pharmacological parameters
  self concept
  self medication
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  age distribution
  aged
  article
  cannabis use
  controlled study
  coping behavior
  female
  human
  male
  mental health
  pharmacological mood enhancement
  prediction
  priority journal
  psychological well being
  stress management
  Swiss
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015499261
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.012
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 103
TITLE
  Assessment of drug utilization pattern of psychotropic agents in the out 
patient department of psychiatry at mahatma Gandhi Medical College and 
Hospital, Jaipur
AUTHOR NAMES
  Angelika B.
  Jain P.
  Upadhyaya P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Angelika B.; Jain P.; Upadhyaya P.) Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma 
Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Angelika, Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and 
Hospital, Jaipur, India.
SOURCE
  Indian Journal of Pharmacology (2014) 46:7 SUPPL. 1 (S97-S98). Date of 
Publication: December 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  47th Annual Conference of the Indian Pharmacological Society, IPSCON 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Guwahati, India
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-12-28 to 2014-12-30
ISSN
  0253-7613
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Medknow Publications
ABSTRACT
  Introduction- The rational use of drugs aims at promoting rational 
prescribing through a multi-prolonged strategy, which includes intervention 
to correct drug use problems, adoption of essential drug list, determining 
and restricting irrational prescribing. This study was done with the aim to 
study the rationality of prescriptions of psychotropic agents, and to 
determine whether the drug prescribing was in accordance with WHO guidelines 
for rational prescribing. Material and Methods: The study was approved by 
the Institutional Ethics Committee. Prescriptions were collected from 
Psychiatry Outpatient department from 1st Mar 2014 to 31st July 2014 at 
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Patient's demographic 
data, diagnosis, treatment details, no. of drugs per prescription, drugs 
prescribed in generic name, drugs prescribed from the Essential Medical List 
were analyzed. Results: A total of 200 prescriptions were analyzed according 
to WHO prescribing indicators. Average no. of drugs per prescriptions was 
2.3. Most commonly prescribed drugs were Escitalopram and Olanzapine. 51% 
prescriptions had drugs from EML.2% drugs were prescribed in generic name. 
Conclusion: This study concludes that the prescriptions were irrational and 
not in accordance with the WHO indicators. More strategic interventions like 
improvement in undergraduate clinical pharmacology teaching, good 
prescribing skills development and regular workshops and CMEs of Interns and 
post graduate students should be taken to improve rational use of drugs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  escitalopram
  essential drug
  olanzapine
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug utilization
  hospital
  human
  Indian
  medical school
  outpatient
  psychiatry
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  astronomy
  clinical pharmacology
  diagnosis
  drug use
  graduate student
  institutional ethics
  outpatient department
  patient
  prescription
  professional standard
  skill
  teaching
  workshop
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 104
TITLE
  Development and implementation of a multidisciplinary inpatient glucose 
management pilot program: Role of the pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lim P.S.
  Subur G.
  Tan K.Y.
  Yee M.L.
  Goh S.-Y.
  Teh M.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lim P.S.; Subur G.; Tan K.Y.; Yee M.L.) Pharmacy, Singapore General 
Hospital, Outram, Singapore.
(Goh S.-Y.; Teh M.M.) Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram, 
Singapore.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.S. Lim, Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Outram, Singapore.
SOURCE
  Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (2014) 106 SUPPL. 1 (S97). Date of 
Publication: November 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  10th International Diabetes Federation-Western Pacific Region Congress and 
the 6th AASD Scientific Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Singapore, Singapore
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-11-21 to 2014-11-24
ISSN
  0168-8227
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) population has been consistently growing, 
affecting 11.3% of the Singapore adult population in 2010. An estimated 
30-40% of all hospitalized patients have DM. However, there is currently 
considerable variability in glucose management at Inpatient setting. 
Improvement in glycemic control during hospitalisation has resulted in 
improved clinical outcomes and reduced healthcare cost. Globally, the 
evolving multidisciplinary approach to optimize diabetes care has been a 
successful model. As such, a team comprising of endocrinologists, 
pharmacists and diabetes educators has established the Inpatient Glucose 
Management (IGM) program in Singapore General Hospital (SGH). The aims of 
this programare to reduce variability in the glucose management of inpatient 
DM care and optimise glycemic management for the non-critically ill 
patients. Method: Objectives: To describe role of pharmacists in the IGM 
program. Description of the Service: A standardized and systematic approach 
is recommended for consistency of care. In total, there are four IGM 
pharmacists involved in the planning and provision of DM care to patients. 
The role of IGM pharmacists will be to assist in the standardization of DM 
therapy by developing recurrent hyperglycemia, hypoglycaemia and nil by 
mouth guidelines in conjunction with endocrinology department. During daily 
round, the IGM team proactively identifies patients with consistent 
suboptimal CBG control (<4 mmol/L and >10 mmol/L) via triggers from the 
medical electronic system. The IGM pharmacists assist in identifying drug 
related problems, providing evidence-based recommendations, drug information 
and optimization of pharmacotherapy. DM patients are counselled on 
medications, ensuring efficacy and adherence of therapy. In addition, the 
IGM pharmacists provide DM management education and training to ward 
pharmacists, ensuring consistency of care. Result: Descriptive study. No 
results. Conclusion: Pharmacists are an integral member of the 
multidisciplinary team of the SGH IGM program, driving towards improving the 
effectiveness of glucose management at Inpatient setting.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  glucose
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diabetes mellitus
  hospital patient
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  critically ill patient
  diabetes educator
  drug information
  drug therapy
  education
  endocrinologist
  endocrinology
  evidence based practice
  general hospital
  glycemic control
  health care cost
  hyperglycemia
  hypoglycemia
  model
  patient
  planning
  population
  Singapore
  standardization
  therapy
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 105
TITLE
  Robust resilience and substantial interest: A survey of pharmacological 
cognitive enhancement among university students in the UK and Ireland
AUTHOR NAMES
  Singh I.
  Bard I.
  Jackson J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Singh I., ilina.singh@kcl.ac.uk) Department of Social Science, Health and 
Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
(Bard I.; Jackson J.) Department of Methodology, London School of Economics 
and Political Science, London, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I. Singh, Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, Kings College 
London, London, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  PLoS ONE (2014) 9:10 Article Number: e105969. Date of Publication: 30 Oct 
2014
ISSN
  1932-6203 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Public Library of Science, plos@plos.org
ABSTRACT
  Use of 'smart drugs' among UK students is described in frequent media 
reports as a rapidly increasing phenomenon. This article reports findings 
from the first large-scale survey of pharmacological cognitive enhancement 
(PCE) among students in the UK and Ireland. Conducted from February to 
September 2012, a survey of a convenience sample of 877 students measured 
PCE prevalence, attitudes, sources, purposes and ethics. Descriptive and 
logistic regression statistical methods were used to analyse the data. 
Lifetime prevalence of PCE using modafinil, methylphenidate or Adderall was 
under 10%, while past regular and current PCE users of these substances made 
up between 0.3%-4% of the survey population. A substantial majority of 
students was unaware of and/or uninterested in PCE; however about one third 
of students were interested in PCE. PCE users were more likely to be male, 
British and older students; predictors of PCE use included awareness of 
other students using PCEs, ADHD symptomatology, ethical concerns, and 
alcohol and cannabis use. The survey addresses the need for better evidence 
about PCE prevalence and practices among university students in the UK. We 
recommend PCE-related strategies for universities based on the survey 
findings. Copyright:
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine
  4' methylmethcathinone
  alcohol
  amphetamine plus dexamphetamine
  analgesic agent
  atomoxetine
  caffeine
  cannabis
  cocaine
  diamorphine
  donepezil
  ephedrine
  ketamine
  lysergide
  methamphetamine
  methylphenidate
  modafinil
  piracetam
  tranquilizer
  vitamin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  pharmacological cognitive enhancement
  university student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  age
  alcohol consumption
  attention deficit disorder
  attitude
  British citizen
  cannabis use
  controlled study
  energy drink
  ethics
  female
  human
  Ireland
  male
  prediction
  prevalence
  review
  tobacco
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  atomoxetine (82248-59-7, 82857-39-4, 82857-40-7, 83015-26-3)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  donepezil (120011-70-3, 120014-06-4, 142057-77-0)
  ephedrine (299-42-3, 50-98-6)
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  lysergide (50-37-3)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  modafinil (68693-11-8)
  piracetam (7491-74-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014891095
MEDLINE PMID
  25356917 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25356917)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105969
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 106
TITLE
  Evaluation of student pharmacists' participation in an interactive event to 
educate teens about substance abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chan H.V.
  Pervanas H.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chan H.V.) MCPHS University, Manchester, United States.
(Pervanas H.C.) Pharmacy Practice Department, MCPHS University, Manchester, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.V. Chan, MCPHS University, Manchester, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e269). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Substance abuse is one of many challenges among teenagers. Student 
pharmacists can play an active role to increase awareness of substance 
abuse. An interactive event presented by student pharmacists at the Boys and 
Girls Club was done to raise awareness of prescription drug and alcohol 
abuse among teenagers. METHODS: Student pharmacists enrolled in the 
accelerated Doctor of Pharmacy program at MCPHS University implemented an 
interactive event that involved the creation of a video recorded skit 
depicting a substance abuse scenario, a breakout discussion session, and the 
use of interactive learning materials. Following the event an anonymous, 
online 9 questions survey was sent to students electronically. The survey 
was used to assess the perceptions of student pharmacists with regards to 
effectiveness of the event and materials used, the engagement of teens and 
appropriate training prior to the event. This project was approved by the 
MCPHS University Institutional Review Board. RESULTS: A total of 24 student 
pharmacists participated in the event and 54% completed the online survey. 
The majority of the students were female (69%) and were in their first year 
of the pharmacy program (54%). When asked whether this activity raised 
awareness of substance abuse among teens, 62% responded agreed or strongly 
agreed. With regards to the training session, 23% of the students strongly 
agreed that the session well prepared them for the event and 38% responded 
neutrally. Sixty-two percent of participants strongly agreed that teenagers 
were engaged in the breakout sessions. CONCLUSION: Student pharmacists 
reported that the teens were engaged during the session and that they felt 
that the use of the skit and breakout sessions allowed the teens to be 
engaged and understand the message. For future events additional training 
may be required so that all student pharmacists are comfortable with the 
information.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  student
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  alcohol abuse
  boy
  female
  girl
  institutional review
  learning
  male
  pharmacy
  physician
  university
  videorecording
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 107
TITLE
  The intersection of pharmacy and global health
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nguyen D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nguyen D.) Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, State University of New Jersey, 
Rutgers, Spring, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Nguyen, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, State University of New Jersey, 
Rutgers, Spring, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e251). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Global health has been described as focusing on issues that 
transcend national boundaries, embracing both prevention in populations and 
clinical care in individuals, and ultimately promoting health equity among 
nations and for all people. Clinical pharmacy services are well positioned 
to address global health matters, as clinical pharmacists provide not only 
clinical services, but care to people, and play a role in the healthcare 
system as an expert in the therapeutic use of medications. The PGY2 Public 
Health Residency through The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers and 
Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation provides a unique opportunity to apply the 
principles of clinical pharmacy in a global health context and help improve 
health outcomes in underserved populations and resource-constrained settings 
domestically and internationally. METHODS: N/A. RESULTS: The poster will 
showcase the integration of clinical pharmacy with the work of 
community-based organizations in rural South Africa to help develop a 
coordinated care model for mental health disorders, substance abuse, and 
HIV/AIDS; promote diabetes and nutrition awareness; and mobilize the 
community to improve demand for maternal and child health services. 
Pharmacy-led assessment of medication storage and handling practices among 
primary care givers and adolescent patients to improve patient safety in a 
pediatric HIV clinic in Lesotho, and research initiated to assess knowledge, 
attitudes, and behaviors regarding isoniazid preventative therapy for 
tuberculosis in Swaziland will be described. U.S.-based work that will be 
highlighted include pharmacist-led diabetes initiatives and efforts to 
translate innovative models of care for chronic diseases into public health 
policy in the Mississippi Delta, and the support of a clinical pharmacist in 
the Family Health Coach model to engage youths at-risk or living with type 2 
diabetes in the Navajo tribal community. CONCLUSION: Global health is highly 
interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, and the diverse clinical pharmacy 
services described lie at the intersection of pharmacy and global health.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  isoniazid
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  health
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  cardiac resynchronization therapy device
  caregiver
  child health care
  chronic disease
  community
  diabetes mellitus
  diseases
  drug therapy
  family health
  health care policy
  health care system
  hospital
  hospital department
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  juvenile
  laryngeal mask
  Lesotho
  mental health
  model
  Navajo (people)
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  non profit organization
  nutrition
  organization
  patient
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  population
  prevention
  primary medical care
  public health
  risk
  South Africa
  storage
  substance abuse
  Swaziland
  therapy
  tuberculosis
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 108
TITLE
  Revisiting Project Re-Engineered Discharge (RED): The impact of a pharmacist 
telephone intervention on hospital readmission rates
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mancuso M.
  Sanchez G.
  Douglass M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mancuso M.; Sanchez G.) Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, 
Boston, United States.
(Douglass M.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Northeastern University, 
School of Pharmacy, Boston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Mancuso, Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e200). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Project Re-Engineered Discharge (RED) is a discharge nurse 
education (DNE) and pharmacist follow-up telephone intervention protocol 
that was shown to significantly decrease re-hospitalization. The specific 
value of the pharmacist intervention was not originally evaluated. The 
objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pharmacist 
telephone intervention during the transition of care process on the rate of 
unplanned hospitalization within 30 days of patient discharge. METHODS: A 
retrospective chart review was completed for patients who received DNE 
counseling and were discharged to home from the family medicine service at 
Boston Medical Center from July, 2012-May, 2013. Patients were stratified 
into two groups: contacted/intervention, and unable to contact/no 
intervention. The primary outcome was the rate of unplanned hospital 
utilization, including emergency room visits and readmissions, within 30 
days of discharge. Secondary endpoints included number of pharmacist 
interventions and time spent on phone calls. RESULTS: There were 401 
patients identified; 277 patients received a pharmacist telephone 
intervention and 124 patients were unable to be contacted. Baseline 
characteristics did not differ between the two groups, with the exception of 
a higher prevalence of substance abuse in the non-intervention group (41.9% 
vs 21.3%, p<0.001). The rate of unplanned hospitalization (visits/ patient) 
was significantly reduced in the intervention group, compared to the unable 
to contact group (0.227 vs 0.519, p<0.001). Pharmacists made a total of 128 
interventions and spent an average of 22 minutes on each telephone 
intervention. CONCLUSION: Patients unable to be contacted by a pharmacist 
after hospital discharge were more likely to be readmitted or visit the 
emergency room in the 30 days following discharge. A pharmacist telephone 
intervention as part of a comprehensive discharge protocol can positively 
impact patients during the transition of care process by reducing incidence 
of unplanned hospital utilization.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital readmission
  human
  pharmacist
  telephone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  counseling
  emergency ward
  family medicine
  follow up
  hospital discharge
  hospital utilization
  hospitalization
  medical record review
  nursing education
  patient
  prevalence
  substance abuse
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 109
TITLE
  Use of an interactive role-play activity to educate teens about substance 
abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pervanas H.C.
  Chhay S.
  Kelleher J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pervanas H.C.) Pharmacy Practice Department, MCPHS University, Manchester, 
United States.
(Chhay S.) MCPHS University, Norcross, United States.
(Kelleher J.A.) MCPHS University, Manchester, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.C. Pervanas, Pharmacy Practice Department, MCPHS University, Manchester, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e212). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Substance abuse among teens and adolescents is a major concern. 
Educating teens about the associated dangers is necessary to avoid the 
potential for misuse or abuse. Interactive activities may be an effective 
teaching approach in educating this population. METHODS: Student pharmacists 
created an interactive activity to educate teens and adolescents about 
substance abuse at a local Boys and Girls Club. Student pharmacists' video 
recorded a role play skit depicting a scenario that involved prescription 
and alcohol abuse leading to an overdose. This video recording was played 
for the participants and was followed by a discussion and similar role play 
activities in which the participants were involved. Participants were asked 
to complete an 8 question pre and post survey. Qualitative coding and 
analysis was performed on the data. This project was approved by the MCPHS 
University Institutional Review Board. RESULTS: A total of 24 students 
participated in the activity. A majority of the participants were female 
(54%) and between the ages of 11-12 (52%). Younger participants ages 11-13 
reported that alcohol (56%) was most abused by teens versus the 14- 17 years 
olds that reported prescription drug were most abused (66%). When asked 
about whether it was safe to take prescription drugs that were not 
prescribed, teens disagreed (18%) or strongly disagreed (73%) with the 
statement prior to the activity versus (96%) that strongly disagreed 
following the activity. When asked about the dangers associated with 
prescription drugs participants reported death (56%) and getting sick (42%). 
CONCLUSION: The use of an interactive role play skit activity allowed for 
teens to recognize the dangers associated with prescription drug abuse. 
Teens were able to identify that non prescribed prescription drugs if taken 
can lead to serious consequences. Older teens had a greater knowledge of 
prescription drugs versus younger adolescents.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  role playing
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adolescent
  alcohol abuse
  boy
  death
  drug abuse
  female
  girl
  human
  institutional review
  intoxication
  male
  pharmacist
  population
  prescription
  student
  teaching
  university
  videorecording
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 110
TITLE
  Use of commercial films to teach non-medical and undesirable use of drugs
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mateus J-A.
  Baños J-E.
  Papaseit E.
  Pérez-Mañá C.
  Farré M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mateus J-A.; Papaseit E.; Pérez-Mañá C.; Farré M.) Hospital Del Mar Medical 
Research Institute-IMIM, Parc De Salut MAR, Barcelona, Spain.
(Baños J-E.) CEXS Universitat Pompeu Fabra-UPF, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J-A. Mateus, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Parc De Salut 
MAR, Barcelona, Spain.
SOURCE
  Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2014) 115 SUPPL. 3 (46). 
Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  27th Congress of the Spanish Society for Clinical Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Seville, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-02 to 2014-10-04
ISSN
  1742-7835
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The use of commercial films to illustrate a health problem is a 
common experience in university teaching of health sciences. The objective 
was to illustrate nonmedical or undesirable use of drugs using different 
commercial films in teaching of clinical pharmacology. Method: We selected 
the following undesirable uses: chemical submission, induction of addiction, 
poisoning, lethal injection (death penalty), and improved sexual 
performance. Search for movies that had scenes corresponding these uses were 
collected using the New York University's School of Medicine (NYU) 
literature, arts and medicine database, and the Film Affinity and Internet 
Movie Databases (IMB). In addition we used our own archives and memories to 
select the adequate movies. Results: We selected various films that show 
various situations in which medications are used away from its traditional 
uses like in the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of disease. We chose the 
following movies to illustrate such use: Seeking Miguel (2007) for chemical 
submission, Revenge (1990 for the induction of addiction, Murder my sweet 
(1944) for poisoning, Dead Man Walking (1995) for lethal injection, and, 
Something's Gotta Give (2003) for the use of drugs enhancing sexual 
performance. For each film we redacted a list of learning objectives and a 
list of questions that could be answered by the students the end of the 
session. We have introduced some of films in seminars of clinical 
pharmacology. Conclusions: It is concluded that the films are of interest to 
illustrate how dugs (medicines) could be used in order to induce negative 
actions and effects. We think that the films can demonstrate the 
toxicological interest, usage patterns, consequences of their use and the 
ethical connotations that aroused such practices in the domain of clinical 
pharmacology.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  audiovisual equipment
  data base
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  health
  health science
  homicide
  human
  information center
  injection
  Internet
  intoxication
  learning
  male
  memory
  prevention
  punishment
  school
  student
  teaching
  United States
  university
  walking
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12301
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 111
TITLE
  Prospective pharmacist identification of drug therapy problems in the 
medical home
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lallier T.
  Hoehns J.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lallier T.) Northeast Iowa Medical Education Foundation/Waverly Health 
Center, Waterloo, United States.
(Hoehns J.D.) University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Iowa Family 
Practice Center, Waterloo, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Lallier, Northeast Iowa Medical Education Foundation/Waverly Health 
Center, Waterloo, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e242). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Medication management is an essential component of patient care in 
the Patient Centered Medical Home. Few ambulatory clinics provide routine 
prospective pharmacist review of a patient's medication regimen. A previous 
pilot study at Northeast Iowa Family Practice Center (NEIFPC) established a 
system for pharmacists to inform providers of patient drug therapy problems 
via the electronic medical record (EMR) prior to their scheduled 
appointment. The objective of this study was to implement and expand a 
systematic process for pharmacists to provide prospective chart review and 
make patient specific drug therapy recommendations to physicians at NEIFPC. 
METHODS: The study used a quality improvement design incorporating 
prospective chart review, attendance at pre-visit team huddles, and select 
face-to-face encounters with high-risk patients (diabetes, heart failure, or 
those taking ≥6 medications). Data were collected for 5 months. RESULTS: 
Pharmacy staff prospectively reviewed 3394 of 7573 patient charts (44.8%) 
prior to their office visit. The resident and student pharmacists completed 
72% and 28% of medication reviews, respectively. Pharmacy staff made 752 
prospective drug therapy recommendations. Face-to-face medication reviews 
were completed for 43.6% (103/236) of high-risk patients. Analysis of 
recommendations demonstrated a 48% acceptance rate, with similar acceptance 
from resident and faculty physicians. CONCLUSION: With limited resources, 
pharmacy staff was able to prospectively review nearly half of clinic 
patient's EMRs prior to their appointment. As pharmacists may need to expand 
the pool of ambulatory patients they provide services to, this is a 
pharmacist care model which could readily be adapted to other medical homes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  diabetes mellitus
  electronic medical record
  general practice
  heart failure
  high risk patient
  hospital
  medical record review
  medication therapy management
  model
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  physician
  pilot study
  student
  total quality management
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 112
TITLE
  Analysis of drug related problems and evaluation of clinical pharmacist's 
intervention on chronic kidney disease patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Han S.H.
  Lee G.H.
  Han N.Y.
  Oh J.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Han S.H.; Lee G.H.; Han N.Y.; Oh J.M.) Clinical Pharmacy, College of 
Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.H. Han, Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 
Seoul, South Korea.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e282). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is characterized 
many complications and comorbidities have a high risk of drug-related 
problems (DRPs), so the identification and solution of DRPs are the core 
processes of pharmaceutical care for these patients. Although several 
studies analyzed impacts of clinical pharmacist's role in CKD patients, 
there are no studies that analyze the characteristics of DRPs in CKD 
patients. Therefore, this study aims to analyze of drug related 
interventions (DRIs) on DRPs which were detected by clinical pharmacists, 
divided into CKD-complications and comorbidities, and evaluate the 
significance of DRIs in CKD. METHODS: In the division of nephrology at Seoul 
National University Hospital, clinical pharmacists have participated in 
multidisciplinary team care service and documented DRIs prospectively using 
PCNE (Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe) classification system from January 
2009 to December 2012. We collected the DRIs related to CKD-complications 
and comorbid diseases and analyzed the cause categories combined with 
problem categories according to PCNE classification. The clinical 
significance of the intervention was assessed using the scale proposed by 
Overhage. RESULTS: Total 3908 DRIs were performed, and the number of DRIs 
per patient was 0.95. In both of the CKD-complications and comorbidities, 
the most common type of problems in DRPs were treatment effectiveness, 
adverse reactions, and treatment costs in order of prevalence, and the most 
common cause was drug selection. DRIs for CKD-complications and 
comorbidities were most part in CKD-mineral bone disorder (28.0%). “Very 
significant” DRIs were more likely to be accepted than “somewhat 
significant”, or “significant” DRIs. There was statistically significant 
difference in significance of DRIs between CKD-complication and 
comorbidities (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We characterized the clinically 
significance of DRIs in each CKD-complication and co-morbidities and it may 
be based of the development of pharmacists' evidence-based DRI service 
protocols and guidelines in CKD patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  mineral
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  chronic kidney disease
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  bone disease
  classification
  diseases
  Europe
  evidence based practice
  morbidity
  nephrology
  pharmaceutical care
  prevalence
  risk
  South Korea
  therapy
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 113
TITLE
  Impact of a pharmacist-managed target-specific oral anticoagulation service
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kurtz B.
  Renner E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kurtz B.; Renner E.) Outpatient Anticoagulation Service, University of 
Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, Ann Arbor, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Kurtz, Outpatient Anticoagulation Service, University of Michigan 
Hospitals and Health Centers, Ann Arbor, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e244-e245). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: While anticoagulation services have been established for warfarin 
management, their role in the management of targetspecific oral 
anticoagulants (TSOACs), including dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, is 
unclear. In 2013, the University of Michigan Outpatient Anticoagulation 
Service developed a pharmacist- managed TSOAC-monitoring service to ensure 
appropriate use of TSOACs, including appropriate medication selection, 
dose-ing, and monitoring. Here we evaluate the impact of this new service by 
describing drug-related problems (DRPs) identified and therapy changes made 
by pharmacists. METHODS: Patients are enrolled in the service upon receiving 
a referral from a University of Michigan physician. Physicians can refer for 
monitoring of a pre-selected TSOAC or for assistance in prescribing a TSOAC. 
After receiving a referral, patients are contacted via telephone to provide 
patient-specific anticoagulation education and confirmation of therapy 
affordability. A follow-up call 2 weeks later assesses adherence and 
potential adverse effects. After the 2-week appointment, calls are scheduled 
every 3- 6 months to re-evaluate dosing, barriers to medication adherence, 
and adverse effects. At all visits, pharmacists make additional 
recommendations on antiplatelet therapy and order laboratory tests (SCr, 
AST/ALT) if clinically indicated. RESULTS: To date, 74 patients have been 
enrolled in the service. Of the 74 patients, 61 were referred for TSOAC 
monitoring and 13 for pharmacist assistance in initial therapy selection. 
Fifty-one patients have had at least one follow-up. Pharmacists recommended 
modification to anticoagulation therapy for 11 patients (18.0%) on a TSOAC 
medication at the initial visit. Changes were recommended to anticoagulation 
or antiplatelet therapy for 29 patients (39.2%) during the course of 
therapy. CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-managed TSOAC service assists providers in 
improving anticoagulation care by ensuring proper drug selection, correct 
medication dosing based on patient-specific factors, therapy affordability, 
and by providing ongoing anticoagulation education to patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anticoagulant agent
  apixaban
  dabigatran
  rivaroxaban
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  anticoagulation
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  anticoagulant therapy
  drug therapy
  education
  follow up
  laboratory test
  medication compliance
  monitoring
  outpatient
  patient
  physician
  telephone
  therapy
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 114
TITLE
  Significance of clinical pharmacists' drug-related interventions for 
patients with hematologic malignancies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chu H.E.
  Jeong C.R.
  Kim M.G.
  Kim J.H.
  Han N.Y.
  Oh J.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chu H.E.; Kim M.G.; Kim J.H.) College of Pharmacy, Seoul National 
University, Seoul, South Korea.
(Jeong C.R.) Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South 
Korea.
(Han N.Y.; Oh J.M.) Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National 
University, Seoul, South Korea.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.E. Chu, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South 
Korea.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e284). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Patients with hematologic malignancies are given intricate 
medication therapy, resulting increase the risk of drug-related problems 
(DRPs). For this reason, pharmacists have implemented drug-related 
intervention (DRI) services to resolve DRPs. However, no study has been 
performed about the significance of DRI by clinical pharmacists. PURPOSE: 
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of DRI service 
performed by clinical pharmacist and clinical significance of DRIs was 
presented to evaluate the value of service for patients with hematologic 
malignancies. METHODS: DRIs, performed by clinical pharmacists since May 
2008 until August 2013, were classified according to Pharamceutical Care 
Network Europe classification, and the frequencies were analyzed using the 
WHO/ATC codes as follows: antineoplastic agents and supportive care agents 
including antiemetics, constipation medicines, antibacterials, antifungals, 
antivirals, and analgesics. Clinical significance of DRI was evaluated by 3 
pharmacists using six-point scale and proportion of reflection was 
classified by medication class. RESULTS: Among 1159 DRIs performed during 
the study period, 91(6.5%) was related to antineoplastic agents and 823 
(59.2%) to for supportive care medications. The “Treatment effectiveness” 
was the most part (53.2%) and the most frequent problem/cause category was 
“Effect of drug treatment not optimal”/“ Inappropriate timing of 
administration and/or dosing interval”. Most interventions were shown to be 
significant (79.4%) and 31.9% of antineoplastic agents DRIs were very 
significant. Therefore, overall acceptance rate of DRI was 84.5% and 
proportion of reflection in all medication classes was generally higher. 
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists implemented various DRIs concerning 
effectiveness, safety and costs, highly related to medications for 
supportive care. It is demonstrated the possibility of clinical pharmacists' 
interventions to improve clinical and economic outcomes. The result of this 
study can contribute to improve quality and process of pharmaceutical care 
services for patients with hematologic malignancies.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  antiemetic agent
  antifungal agent
  antineoplastic agent
  antivirus agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hematologic malignancy
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  classification
  constipation
  drug therapy
  Europe
  pharmaceutical care
  risk
  safety
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 115
TITLE
  Development and implementation of clinical pharmacy services within an 
outpatient pulmonary clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Smith A.L.
  MacDonald N.
  Thavarajah K.
  DiGiovine B.
  Kalus J.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Smith A.L.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, 
Detroit, United States.
(MacDonald N.; Kalus J.S.) Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States.
(Thavarajah K.) Department of Pulmonology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, 
United States.
(DiGiovine B.) Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 
Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.L. Smith, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, 
Detroit, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e232-e233). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: The 2014 American Society of Health System Pharmacist (ASHP) 
Foundation's Pharmacy Forecast Report encouraged pharmacy practice leaders 
to develop and establish roles for pharmacists in ambulatory care settings. 
Additional publications address the need for pharmacist's collaboration in 
managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to improve health 
outcomes and reduce readmissions. Historically, pharmacists have practiced 
in ambulatory care clinics at Henry Ford Hospital (HFH). In order to advance 
the practice model at HFH and improve care coordination, a collaborative 
care model was developed within an outpatient pulmonary clinic to complement 
and reinforce existing health care team provider roles. METHODS: Clinical 
pharmacists and providers in the pulmonary department at HFH developed a new 
COPD patient care model with the purpose of improving care, reducing 
exacerbations, and achieving optimal outcomes through adherence assessment, 
medication optimization, and patient education. A collaborative practice 
agreement was developed and submitted to hospital leadership for approval. 
The supervising physicians and the clinical pharmacist approved the clinic 
structure and presented the model at the Pulmonary Department Meeting in May 
2014. RESULTS: Clinical pharmacy services are currently offered three 
half-days a week. Providers either request therapy recommendations or refer 
patients to the clinical pharmacist for face-to-face visits. Referral 
criteria includes, but is not limited to: patients with newly diagnosed 
COPD, two or more COPD exacerbations in the last 6 months, active tobacco 
dependence, and identified adherence barriers (i.e., low health literacy, 
complicated medication regimens, documented non-adherence, or need for 
inhaler education). Visits with the clinical pharmacist can include 
adherence assessment, medication reconciliation, patient education, and 
medication therapy co-management. Therapy recommendations are communicated 
to the provider and all encounters are documented in the electronic medical 
record. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective data collection is ongoing to evaluate 
clinical pharmacist interventions and identify quality measures that 
demonstrate improved care and optimal outcomes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital
  hospital department
  human
  outpatient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  drug therapy
  education
  electronic medical record
  health
  health care
  health literacy
  hospital readmission
  information processing
  inhaler
  leadership
  medication therapy management
  model
  non profit organization
  patient
  patient care
  patient education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  society
  therapy
  tobacco dependence
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 116
TITLE
  Improving transitions of care through comprehensive medication management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rosenberg A.
  Sorensen T.
  Westberg S.
  Sorge L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rosenberg A.; Westberg S.) University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 
Minneapolis, United States.
(Sorensen T.; Sorge L.) Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, University 
of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Rosenberg, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2014) 34:10 (e255-e256). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Austin, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-12 to 2014-10-15
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: This project Os purpose is to improve the medicationrelated issues 
during transitions of care for patients post-hospitalization and reduce 
readmissions by: (i) applying the IHI Model for Improvement to engage 
patients in comprehensive medication management (CMM) services in the 
ambulatory care setting within 7 days post-hospital discharge, (ii) 
evaluating drug therapy problems (DTPs) identified post-discharge, and (iii) 
collaborating with inpatient teams to facilitate improvements in the 
discharge process. METHODS: Ambulatory care pharmacy residents are leading 
performance improvement work in 5 Minnesota health systems. Residents were 
oriented to the Model for Improvement via an introductory learning session 
and supported with monthly progress calls. Using this model, residents 
develop ÓPlan-Do-Study- ActÓ (PDSA) cycles to test changes to achieve CMM 
visits within 7 days post-hospital discharge. A standardized set of 
deidentified data (eg, the number, type, and severity of DTPs identified and 
their associated diagnoses) are collected for each CMM visit using a secure, 
web-based REDCap survey. PDSA cycles are submitted monthly to identify best 
practices to achieve the aim statement. DTP data will be analyzed for 
insight and trends that may support discharge planning improvements in the 
acute care setting. RESULTS: At midpoint of the study period, data from 165 
posthospital discharge CMM visits have been reported; 64 encounters occurred 
within 7 days post-discharge. Twenty DTPs were directly related to the 
patient Os reason for hospital admission and 137 DTPs were deemed to have a 
potential for moderate to severe harm if no intervention occurred. Residents 
developed 45 PDSA cycles to test process changes. Primary data collection 
will be complete by 10/1/2014. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying DTPs related to 
reason for admission within the first week post-discharge could prevent harm 
and readmissions. This project demonstrates how performance improvement 
methods can be used to design site-specific strategies to reach patients 
post-discharge for CMM visits.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  medication therapy management
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  emergency care
  health care
  hospital admission
  hospital discharge
  hospital patient
  hospital readmission
  hospitalization
  human
  information processing
  learning
  model
  patient
  pharmacy
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 117
TITLE
  Abstracts of the Dutch Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmacy 
Meeting 2013
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2014) 78:4. Date of Publication: 
October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  Dutch Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmacy Meeting 2013
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-26 to 2013-03-26
ISSN
  0306-5251
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  The proceedings contain 19 papers. The topics discussed include: dopamine d2 
agonist induced cardiovascular changes in young healthy men. a phase I 
clinical trial experience; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 modulators in 
phase i clinical trials. Do circadian rhythms impact the PK/PD 
relationship?; the number of included older people in pre-authorization 
trials - an evaluation of twelve recently registered medicines; depression 
and anxiety as risk factors of medication non-adherence; stability analysis 
of clustering of Norris' visual analog scale; the effectiveness of a 
medication review on the number of drug related problems in outpatient 
cardiology patients: a randomized clinical trial; and a comparison on 
medical and pharmacy students' knowledge and skills on pharmacology and 
pharmacotherapy after graduating their bachelor's degree.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  dopamine
  metabotropic receptor 5
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agonist
  anxiety
  cardiology
  circadian rhythm
  clinical trial
  clinical trial (topic)
  drug therapy
  human
  male
  outpatient
  patient
  pharmacology
  pharmacy student
  phase 1 clinical trial
  risk factor
  skill
  visual analog scale
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 118
TITLE
  A survey on pharmacovigilance awareness amongst physicians in major cities 
of Pakistan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rizvi M.E.
  Abbas M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rizvi M.E.; Abbas M.) Getz Pharma (Pvt) Limited, Karachi, Pakistan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.E. Rizvi, Getz Pharma (Pvt) Limited, Karachi, Pakistan.
SOURCE
  Drug Safety (2014) 37:10 (841). Date of Publication: October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th ISoP Annual Meeting "New Ideas in Ancient Cultures: Advancing 
Pharmacovigilance in Asia"
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tianjin, China
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-19 to 2014-10-22
ISSN
  0114-5916
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer International Publishing
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: WHO defines Pharmacovigilance as “the science and activities 
relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of 
adverse effects or any possible drug-related problems“ [1]. Globally, 
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality 
[1] and rank among the top 10 leading causes of mortality in many countries 
[2]. Approximately, 6.5 % of hospital admissions are because of adverse drug 
reactions that can add exorbitant cost to healthcare expenses in fund 
strapped developing economies [3]. It is vital to evaluate and monitor 
safety of medicines in clinical use to prevent and reduce harm to patients 
thereby contributing to public health [4]. Aim: To assess the awareness of 
Pharmacovigilance amongst physicians practicing in various institutions, 
hospitals and clinics in major cities of Pakistan. Methods: A 
cross-sectional survey was conducted during Getz Pharma sponsored academic 
exercise in Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore from December 2013-April 2014. The 
participants were gastroenterologists, diabetologists, cardiologists, 
internists, surgeons, and others. A questionnaire was designed and surveyed 
amongst 242 doctors, the data was analyzed using SPSS v.20. Results: From 
242 participating doctors, 212 (87.6 %) responded to all the survey 
questions. Out of these, 211 (99.53 %) appreciated Getz Pharma's initiative 
of Pharmacovigilance awareness program. Amongst the responders, 196 (92.45 
%) were clear on the basic concept of Pharma-covigilance, 209 (98.58 %) were 
of the opinion that Pharmacovigilance program of Getz Pharma is beneficial 
in improving the health of our community and 196 (92.45 %) participants were 
interested to learn more about Pharmacovigilance. Conclusion: The results of 
the above survey suggest that majority of physicians have basic concept of 
Pharmacovigilance and consider such initiatives as beneficial to community's 
health. This survey can further be extended to other cities and regions in 
Pakistan to better understand the awareness of Physicians on 
Pharmacovigilance.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Asia
  city
  drug surveillance program
  human
  Pakistan
  physician
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  cardiologist
  community
  data analysis software
  economic aspect
  exercise
  gastroenterologist
  health
  health care
  hospital
  hospital admission
  internist
  morbidity
  mortality
  patient
  prevention
  public health
  questionnaire
  safety
  surgeon
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-014-0208-1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 119
TITLE
  Impact of the Pharmacist Medication Review Services on Drug-Related Problems 
and Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Renally Cleared Medications in 
Residents of Aged Care Facilities
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gheewala P.A.
  Peterson G.M.
  Curtain C.M.
  Nishtala P.S.
  Hannan P.J.
  Castelino R.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gheewala P.A., Pankti.Gheewala@utas.edu.au; Peterson G.M.; Curtain C.M.; 
Castelino R.L.) School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, 
Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
(Nishtala P.S.) School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New 
Zealand.
(Hannan P.J.) Meditrax, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. A. Gheewala, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, 
Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. Email: Pankti.Gheewala@utas.edu.au
SOURCE
  Drugs & Aging (2014). Date of Publication: 4 Sep 2014
ISSN
  1170-229X
  1179-1969 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer International Publishing
ABSTRACT
  Background Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in aged care facilities 
and few studies have been conducted to determine the impact of the 
pharmacist-conducted medication review services. Studies determining the 
prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and data regarding inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications in aged care facilities in 
Australia are also lacking. Objectives To investigate the number and nature 
of DRPs identified and recommendations made by pharmacists in residents of 
aged care facilities. To determine the prevalence of CKD and estimate the 
magnitude of inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications in 
residents of aged care facilities. Methods DRPs identified and 
recommendations made by pharmacists were classified using the adapted 
version of the DOCUMENT classification system. The modification of diet in 
renal disease formula was used to estimate the prevalence of CKD, and the 
Cockcroft-Gault formula was used to estimate the magnitude of inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications. Results Over 98 % of residents 
of aged care facilities had at least one DRP. Most (83.8 %) recommendations 
made by accredited pharmacists to resolve DRPs were accepted by general 
practitioners. CKD was prevalent in 48 % of residents, and inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications was identified in 28 (16 %) 
residents with CKD. Conclusions DRPs are common in aged care facilities and 
the impact of medication review services appears to be high. CKD is also 
common among residents of aged care facilities, and inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications was also prevalent, warranting 
attention to regular renal function monitoring and appropriate drug and dose 
selection in residents of aged care facilities. © 2014 Springer 
International Publishing Switzerland.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Australia
  chronic kidney disease
  classification
  diet
  general practitioner
  kidney disease
  kidney function
  monitoring
  prevalence
  publishing
  Switzerland
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-014-0208-y
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 120
TITLE
  RA in opiod tolerant patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Moka E.
  Vadalouca A.
  Argyra E.
  Siafaka I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Moka E.) Anaesthesiology Department, Creta InterClinic Hospital, Heraklion 
Crete, Greece.
(Vadalouca A.; Argyra E.; Siafaka I.) Anaesthesiology Department, Chronic 
Pain and Palliative Care Centre, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, 
Greece.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Moka, Anaesthesiology Department, Creta InterClinic Hospital, Heraklion 
Crete, Greece.
SOURCE
  Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (2014) 39:5 SUPPL. 1 (e96-e100). Date 
of Publication: September-October 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  33rd Annual European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy, ESRA 
Congress 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Seville, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-09-03 to 2014-09-06
ISSN
  1098-7339
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Noticeable shifts in pain pharmacotherapy and physicians 
attitude have occurred during the previous years, in reference to opioids 
use for the treatment of benign and malignancy-related pain, with pain 
specialists prescribing opioids to a greater number of patients and in doses 
appropriately titrated towards individualized needs. The percentage of 
patients to whom opiates for chronic pain are prescribed has increased 
dramatically in recent years. Interestingly, 47% of these patients are 
treated with strong opioids, such as morphine, oxycodone and methadone, 
whereas long-term opioid use and dose escalation has been noted in one third 
of patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Avariety of opioid analgesics and 
delivery systems have been introduced, that have increased patient 
satisfaction, physician acceptance, and overall use. Concomitant with 
improvements in pain relief and quality of life improvement, an increasing 
number of patients are affected by issues related to opioid tolerance and 
physical dependence. Only few published reviews address the treatment of 
acute pain in patients with substance abuse disorders, and even fewer have 
focused specifically on perioperative pain management in opioid- tolerant or 
opioid-dependent patients, incorporating Regional Anaesthesia (RA) 
techniques. Multiple factors are responsible for opioid tolerance, physical 
dependence and/or addiction, making pain management even more difficult in 
this specialized subset of patients. Many patients who present for surgery 
and anesthesia may be opioid- dependent or at least moderately tolerant to 
the therapeutic effects of opioid analgesics. Causal factors underlying 
tolerance and dependency include substance use disorder and, more commonly, 
legitimate use of opioid analgesics for treatment of chronic benign or 
malignancy-associated pain. Opioid- dependent/tolerant patients, 
particularly substance abusers, may present with organ damage, infectious 
diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, hepatitis, 
associated psychological disorders, and drug-specific adaptations such as 
tolerance, physical dependence, and withdrawal. These variables alone or in 
combination may diminish opioid analgesic effectiveness in the perioperative 
setting. Perioperative management of opioid-tolerant/ dependent patients and 
RAapplication pose a special challenge to primary caregivers, 
anaesthesiologists and pain specialists alike, with the problem usually 
emanating from the often conflicting needs to balance the rights of the 
patient on one hand and concerns regarding safety, diversion, and abuse on 
the other, thus raising important ethical issues. Basic Concepts of Opioid 
Use Disorders: Terminology-Criteria-Key Issues: Prior to presentation of RA 
role in opioid tolerant patients, the following issues should be considered 
to provide a comprehensive perioperative pain management strategy: (1) key 
concepts and definitions, such as substance abuse, physical versus 
psychological dependence, and tolerance development; (2) clinical 
differentiation of opioid dependency; (3) preoperative assessment issues; 
and (4) postoperative-perioperative management issues. Substance use 
disorders have been classified according to clinical manifestations of 
psychological dependence, with/without physical dependence or tolerance 
or/and both. Specific definitions have already been consolidated in current 
literature. Distinctive boundaries of definitions might not be always clear 
(especially for terms such as addiction, dependence, abuse and substance 
abuse), partly due to terminology evolvement over time in varying historical 
and sociocultural contexts, also reflecting conflicts regarding appropriate 
terminology for the complex medical and psychosocial issues, that underlie 
chronic and compulsive substance-using behaviour. Opioids Physical 
Dependence - Withdrawal Syndrome: It describes alterations in physiologic 
response that result from opioid binding and receptor-mediated activity. 
Abrupt discontinuation of oral or parenterally administered opioids leads to 
opioid withdrawal or abstinence syndrome (hypertension, tachycardia, 
diaphoresis, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea, as well as physiologic and 
behavioral responses). These symptoms, although very unpleasant are rarely 
life threatening; however, they can often confuse clinical diagnosis and 
care. The time course of withdrawal (onset, peak intensity) is variable, 
depending on the opioid used. Opioid Tolerance - Definition: Opioid 
tolerance is a predictable pharmacologic adaptation. Continued opioid 
exposure results in a rightward shift in the dose-response curve, and 
patients require increasing amounts of drug to maintain the same 
pharmacologic effects. The phenomenon of tolerance develops to analgesic, 
euphoric, sedative, respiratory depressant, and nauseating effects of 
opioids, but not to their effects on miosis and bowel motility. The degree 
or gradation of opioid tolerance is generally related to duration of 
exposure, daily dose requirement, and receptor association/disassociation 
kinetics. Opioid agonists binding to the same receptor may show asymmetric 
cross-tolerance, depending on their intrinsic efficacy. For example, 
patients treated with sufentanil, an agonist having high intrinsic efficacy 
and requiring low receptor occupancy for a given analgesic effect, develop 
tolerance more slowly than to opioids having low intrinsic efficacy, such as 
morphine. Tolerance is observed in patients to whom opioids are legitimately 
prescribed for pain management, as well as in those abusing this class of 
drug. In general, the higher the daily dose requirement, the greater is the 
degree of tolerance development, thus reflecting harmful addiction rather 
than a normal adaptation to this class of analgesics. Types of Opioid 
Tolerance - Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms: Several types of opioid 
tolerance, including (1) Innate and (2) Acquired, have been defined. Innate 
tolerance refers to preexisting insensitivity, which is genetically 
determined and hence is present before drug exposure. True Tolerance is 
acquired after multiple exposures. This can be of three types: 
Pharmacokinetic Tolerance, Learned Tolerance, and Pharmacodynamic Tolerance. 
Pharmacokinetic tolerance refers to changes in distribution or metabolism of 
the drug, usually by enzyme induction and subsequent acceleration in 
metabolism. There is also adequate evidence that drug metabolism by 
genetically variable P-450 can also influence the development of tolerance 
and dependence. Learned tolerance, refers to a reduction in the effects of a 
drug due to compensatory mechanisms that are learned. For example, an opioid 
abuser learns to behave normally despite intoxication. Learned tolerance is 
also observed in methadone maintenance programs, where abusers mask the 
effects of methadone, so that a higher dose will be prescribed. Perhaps the 
most important form of tolerance relevant to opioids is pharmacodynamic 
tolerance. Pharmacodynamic tolerance has been related to neuroadaptive 
changes that take place after long-term exposure to the drug. These include 
changes in receptor density and alterations in receptor coupling to G 
proteins and signal transduction pathways. Basic research has provided a 
better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating 
pharmacodynamic opioid tolerance. These mechanisms possibly occur at two 
distinct levels. The first occurs at the level of the opioid receptor and 
involves (a) receptor desensitization on long-term or repeated exposure to 
opioids, (b) subsequent decreases in the absolute number of opioid receptors 
(down-regulation), (c) receptor trafficking from cell surface to the 
interior of the cells (internalization), and (d) secondary uncoupling of 
opioid receptors from underlying G proteins. Another mechanism proposed to 
explain pharmacodynamic tolerance involves up-regulation of the cyclic 
adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Acutely, opiates inhibit the functional 
activity of the cAMP pathway, although with long-term opiate exposure, the 
cAMP pathway gradually recovers, and tolerance develops. Increased synthesis 
of cAMP may be responsible for physical dependence and physiologic changes 
associated with withdrawal. Up-regulation of cAMP has been most clearly 
demonstrated in brain, but up-regulation within the dorsal horn of the 
spinal cord seems to be responsible for tolerance to opioid - induced 
analgesia.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  cyclic AMP
  cytochrome P450
  guanine nucleotide binding protein
  methadone
  morphine
  narcotic analgesic agent
  opiate
  opiate agonist
  opiate receptor
  oxycodone
  receptor
  sedative agent
  sufentanil
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  pain
  patient
  regional anesthesia
  society
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  acceleration
  adaptation
  addiction
  agonist
  analgesia
  analgesic activity
  anesthesia
  anesthesia (sensory dysfunction)
  basic research
  behavior
  brain
  cancer pain
  caregiver
  cell surface
  chronic pain
  cross tolerance
  diagnosis
  diaphoresis
  diarrhea
  diseases
  dose response
  down regulation
  drug dependence
  drug exposure
  drug metabolism
  drug therapy
  enzyme induction
  exposure
  hepatitis
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  hypertension
  implantable cardioverter defibrillator
  infection
  internalization
  intestine motility
  intoxication
  kinetics
  long term exposure
  medical specialist
  mental disease
  metabolism
  methadone treatment
  miosis
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacokinetics
  physician
  preoperative evaluation
  quality of life
  receptor density
  receptor down regulation
  receptor occupancy
  respiration depression
  safety
  signal transduction
  spinal cord
  spinal cord dorsal horn
  substance abuse
  surgery
  synthesis
  tachycardia
  therapy effect
  tuberculosis
  upregulation
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0000000000000142
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 121
TITLE
  Disulfiram: the most effective (and the most misunderstood) drug in 
alcoholism pharmacotherapy. A response to some therapeutic, psychological 
and ethical criticisms
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brewer C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brewer C.) Stapleford Centre, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Brewer, Stapleford Centre, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Alcohol and Alcoholism (2014) 49 SUPPL. 1 (i30). Date of Publication: 1 Sep 
2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th International Society of Addiction Medicine Annual Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Yokohama, Japan
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-10-02 to 2014-10-06
ISSN
  0735-0414
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Oxford University Press
ABSTRACT
  Introduction. Supervised disulfiram (DSF) is considerably more effective 
than other relapse-prevention medications in alcoholism but its unique mode 
of action means that as with surgical vs pharmacological treatments in other 
fields, classic placebo-controlled trials are not necessarily the most 
appropriate method for studying it. Some critics not only fail to recognise 
its specific effectiveness but also criticise DSF on the grounds that its 
alleged mode of action (aversion) is ethically unacceptable because it 
supposedly involves 'punishment' and is also inconsistent with what they 
mistakenly claim to be the underlying psychological principles. Method. This 
paper reviews recent effectiveness research, including meta-analyses, and 
publications that examine the real psychological principles involved in 
supervised DSF treatment. Results. DSF's effectiveness is confirmed. Its 
initial mode of action is deterrence, not aversion. This both facilitates 
and reinforces the cognitivebehavioural process of exposure and 
response-prevention, leading to progressively more appropriate responses to 
drink-related cues and high-risk situations. DSF can then be tentatively 
discontinued. Conclusion. Comprehensive supervised DSF programmes should be 
seen not as essentially pharmacological interventions but as essentially 
educational processes, facilitated by DSF. Since the physician-therapist and 
the patient agree to collaborate in these processes, there are no valid 
ethical objections.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  disulfiram
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  placebo
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  alcoholism
  drug therapy
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aversion
  controlled study
  exposure
  human
  laryngeal mask
  meta analysis
  patient
  physician
  prevention
  punishment
  relapse
  risk
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agu052.130
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 122
TITLE
  When skills are not enough: Home medication reviews (HMRs) seen through 
tutors', pharmacy students' and GPs' competency glasses
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nørgaard L.S.
  Kaae S.
  Sørensen E.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nørgaard L.S., lotte.norgaard@sund.ku.dk; Kaae S.; Sørensen E.W.) 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of 
Copenhagen, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.S. Nørgaard, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical 
Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Email: lotte.norgaard@sund.ku.dk
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2014) 36:4 (850-851). Date of 
Publication: August 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE Working Symposium 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Sliema, Malta
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-14 to 2014-03-15
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background An HMR program (''Medisam'') was launched in 2008-2010 in 
Denmark. The program involves patients, pharmacy internship students, the 
(pharmacist) tutors of the pharmacy students and GPs. Purpose The aim of the 
study was to evaluate if Medisam was an effective way to induce HMR 
collaboration between pharmacy internship students and GPs. In order to 
conduct joint HMRs, though, students need to possess special competencies. 
So what were the pharmacy student's competencies in relation to carrying out 
HMRs- seen from the participating student's, tutor's and GPs point of view? 
Methods The aim of the study was to evaluate if Medisam was an effective way 
to induce HMR collaboration between pharmacy internship students and GPs. In 
order to conduct joint HMRs, though, students need to possess special 
competencies. So what were the pharmacy student's competencies in relation 
to carrying out HMRs- seen from the participating student's, tutor's and GPs 
point of view? Findings Generally the GPs, the students and the supervisors 
agreed that students possess good technical HMR skills, but that their joint 
competencies were challenged by issues concerning professional socialization 
and judgement. The three groups also agreed that the student's communicative 
skills were sufficient for doing HMRs, but that they lacked clinical 
expertise and understanding for the patient's entire clinical picture. As to 
professional socialization, the majority of students stated that they-in the 
pharmacy-were socialized into a set of values based on humbleness and 
cautiousness concerning the GP dialogue-and the GPs agreed. Another 
component of professional socialization dealt with tutors' and students' 
attitudes towards patients; thus in order for a patient to be of 
pharmaceutical interest many and/or potentially serious drug-related 
problems are ''needed''. With regard to judgement, students stated that they 
would like to make patient advice judgments themselves without permission 
from their tutor; that they realize their own limitations and know when to 
ask their for advice; and they agree with their supervisors that GPs are to 
be treated differently in the HMR-dialogue. Tutors and GPs state that 
student's HMR-related trust and confidence comes with experience and cańt be 
learned from basic university teaching and reading. Conclusion The study has 
shown how skills, professional socialization and judgement are closely 
woven, and that student's technical skills were not sufficient for doing 
good HMRs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacy student
  skill
  spectacles
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  decision making
  Denmark
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  reading
  socialization
  student
  teaching
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-9952-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 123
TITLE
  Evaluation of drug related problems in Belgium: Focus on corticosteroids
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lelubre M.
  Koubaity M.
  De Wulf I.
  Boussery K.
  De Meyer G.R.Y.
  Foulon V.
  Lacour V.
  Steurbaut S.
  Van Hees T.
  Karim A.
  De Vriese C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lelubre M., melanie.lelubre@gmail.com; Koubaity M.; Karim A.; De Vriese C.) 
Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, 
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
(De Wulf I.) APB, Centrum Wetenschappelijk Ontwikkeling Voor Apothekers, 
Belgium.
(Boussery K.) UGent, Universiteit Gent, Belgium.
(De Meyer G.R.Y.) UA, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium.
(Foulon V.) KU Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
(Lacour V.) UCL, Université Catholique Louvain, Belgium.
(Steurbaut S.) VUB, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
(Van Hees T.) ULg, Université de Liège, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Lelubre, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Faculté 
de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. Email: 
melanie.lelubre@gmail.com
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2014) 36:4 (855-856). Date of 
Publication: August 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE Working Symposium 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Sliema, Malta
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-14 to 2014-03-15
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background Pharmacists have an important role to play in detecting and 
resolving drug-related problems (DRPs). Most studies have shown that DRPs 
have a negative impact on clinical results and quality of life as well as on 
health care costs. Corticosteroids are often implicated in DRPs, in 
particular because of their side effects, incorrect use of the inhalation 
device or lack of adherence to the prescribed regimen. Purpose The purpose 
of this work is to identify causes of DRPs and interventions performed by 
pharmacists on corticosteroid-related problems and to distinguish between 
problems related to inhaled and general corticosteroids. Methods During 5 
days of their internship, 530 final year students of pharmaceutical sciences 
in six Belgian universities collected DRPs encountered in community 
pharmacies, as well as related interventions performed by pharmacists. The 
DRPs' electronic registration was done through an adapted tool based on the 
classification of Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE-v 6.2). This tool 
was validated by pharmacists and allowed to measure the frequency and nature 
of DRPs. Findings Pharmacists detected 16 733 DRPs in total. 555 DRPs (3.3 
%) related to corticosteroids, of which 115 were inhaled corticosteroids. 
The most common causes of corticosteroid-related problems (55 %) were 
administrative and logistical factors and fraud. More than a half of the 
technical causes were incomplete prescriptions. Concerning clinical causes, 
28 % related to drug/device-use problems for inhaled corticosteroids, with 
88 % related to incorrect use of the inhalation device. For general 
corticosteroids, the most common clinical causes were drug choice (37 %), 
including medication interaction (58 %) and inappropriate medication 
(contraindications, side effects: 14 %). Pharmacists' intervention was 
similar for inhaled and general corticosteroids. Pharmacists intervened with 
the patient orally in 38 % of total interventions, and in writing in more 
than 14 % of interventions. Pharmacists did not react in 14 % (inhaled 
corticosteroids) and 16 % (general corticosteroids) of corticosteroid- 
related problems. These non-interventions covered, for example, interactions 
and incomplete prescriptions. Conclusion Several corticosteroid-related 
problems were detected and solved. However, pharmacists barely intervened 
for non-observance and drug interactions. The introduction of a structured 
interview between the patient and the pharmacist would enable the patient to 
be educated and informed about his disease and treatment. Therefore, 
pharmacists' training is essential to performing these interviews. More 
randomized studies should be done in community pharmacies to evaluate the 
impact of these interviews on patients and on therapeutic adherence in real 
time.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  corticosteroid
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Belgium
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  classification
  drug choice
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  Europe
  fraud
  health care cost
  human
  inhaler
  interview
  patient
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmaceutics
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  quality of life
  registration
  side effect
  structured interview
  student
  university
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-9952-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 124
TITLE
  Evaluation of a drug related problem classification tool in community 
pharmacy daily practice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Koubaity M.
  Lelubre M.
  De Wulf I.
  Amighi K.
  De Vriese C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Koubaity M., mkoubait@ulb.ac.be; Lelubre M.; Amighi K.; De Vriese C.) 
Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, 
Université Libre de Bruxelle, Belgium.
(De Wulf I.) Service Projets Scientifiques, CDSP-CWOA-APB, Bruxelles, 
Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Koubaity, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculté de 
Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelle, Belgium. Email: mkoubait@ulb.ac.be
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2014) 36:4 (856). Date of 
Publication: August 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE Working Symposium 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Sliema, Malta
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-14 to 2014-03-15
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background An adapted PCNE DRP classification tool has been validated by 
Belgian pharmacists. The tool was reliable and had adequate validity to 
measure the frequency and the nature of DRP detected in Belgian community 
pharmacies. Purpose In 2012, a study was initiated to collect the different 
DRPs by pharmacy student during 5 days of their internship. The aim of this 
study was to evaluate the daily use of the PCNE classification tool by 
community pharmacists and their perception of this classification tool. 
Method A self-completion questionnaire, in a web-based format, was send to 
210 pharmacy students from the French-speaking universities of Belgium. It 
was organized into 3 different parts. The first one revealed the 
prescription analysis method at the moment of dispensing or a posteriori, 
for a new or a repeat prescription. The second part aimed to identify if 
some complementary information sources are necessary for an optimal DRP 
detection. The third part identified barriers to the tool's use and its 
advantages in the DRP detection. Findings In total, 79 students completed 
the questionnaire. For optimal DRPs detection, they needed complementary 
information about the patients (54 and 75 % for unknown patients and known 
patients by the pharmacist, respectively) but also information from 
scientific sources, which are mainly Belgian publications (96 %). This study 
also showed that scientific international sources like PubMed are rarely 
used in the detection of DRPs (15 %). The drug dosage in patient 
pharmaceutical file (PF) was checked in 48 and 56 % of cases at the moment 
of dispensing and a posteriori, respectively. Similarly, medication 
adherence was checked in 44 and 55 % of cases at the moment of dispensing 
and a posteriori, respectively. This suggested that the patient PF was 
underused while its consultation allowed to identify DRPs (78 %). Finally, 
DRPs detection could promote the profession (84 %), strengthen the 
pharmacist patient relationship (91 %) and improve patients monitoring by 
the pharmacy team (92 %). Lake of time seems to be the major barrier to the 
use of this tool in daily practice (79 %), as the necessity to consult 
complementary information sources (70 %). Conclusion The PCNE classification 
tool is very helpful to identify nature and frequency of DRPs and 
interventions performed by pharmacists. Besides, pharmacists used 
substantially the same analysis method at the moment of dispensing and a 
posteriori allowing to establish a protocol that would facilitate the 
registration of DRPs. However, the time required to complete the tool is too 
long for a daily use.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  classification
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Belgium
  cardiac resynchronization therapy device
  consultation
  drug dose
  hospital patient
  human
  lake
  medication compliance
  Medline
  monitoring
  occupation
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  prescription
  questionnaire
  registration
  speech
  student
  tool use
  university
  validity
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-9952-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 125
TITLE
  Drug relation problems in Polish patients with chronic illness
AUTHOR NAMES
  Skowron A.
  Dymek J.
  Golda A.
  Pelka P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Skowron A., jdymek@cm-uj.krakow.pl; Dymek J.; Golda A.; Pelka P.) 
Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, 
Krakow, Poland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Skowron, Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian 
University, Krakow, Poland. Email: jdymek@cm-uj.krakow.pl
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2014) 36:4 (848). Date of 
Publication: August 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE Working Symposium 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Sliema, Malta
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-14 to 2014-03-15
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background The medication consumption in Poland per patient is one of the 
highest in Europe. Its increase is connected to medication advertisement and 
expand list of drugs available without a prescription that the patient can 
also purchase outside the pharmacy. Purpose The aim of the study was 
quantitative and qualitative analysis of drug related problems and their 
causes occurring in hypertensive, diabetic and asthma/COPD population. 
Method The study has been carried out between 2008 and 2011. The pharmacists 
could include patient with hypertension, or diabetes, or asthma and/or COPD. 
The data about diagnosis, results of self-control and medication and diet 
supplements were gathered during the face to face interview. All gathered 
data were used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of DRP. We use the 
PCNE classification v.5.01. Findings 267 patients, who met including 
criteria were involved in the study. The average age of the patients was 63 
years (24-88) and BMI 28.4 (17.8-44.3). Most patients suffered (73.3 %) from 
one chronic disease, about 84.3 % of all respondents had hypertension and 
nearly 30 % had diabetes. More than five medication were used chronically 
and about four temporally per an average patient. About seven problems 
detected per and average patient. One medication caused of nearly 1.5 DRPs. 
Most commonly detected DRP were: potential interaction P4.1 (60.7 %), drug 
dose too low or dosage regime not frequent enough P3.1 (12.0 %) and side 
effect suffered (non-allergic) P1.1 (11.2 %). Patients most often reported 
as adverse symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract (28 %) and cough (12 %). 
Conclusion Results of the study indicate that polypharmacy is a common 
problem among patients with chronic diseases in Poland. Almost every 
medication can cause a DRP. Pharmacists should focus on medication reviews 
and pharmaceutical care programs, including patients education, to improve 
effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic disease
  human
  patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  advertizing
  asthma
  classification
  coughing
  diabetes mellitus
  diagnosis
  diet supplementation
  drug dose
  drug therapy
  education
  Europe
  gastrointestinal tract
  hypertension
  interview
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  Poland
  polypharmacy
  population
  prescription
  qualitative analysis
  quantitative analysis
  safety
  self control
  side effect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-9952-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 126
TITLE
  Abstracts PCNE Working Symposium 2014
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2014) 36:4. Date of Publication: 
August 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE Working Symposium 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Sliema, Malta
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-14 to 2014-03-15
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  The proceedings contain 27 papers. The topics discussed include: omission 
impossible: a snapshot of medication dose omissions in an Australian 
teaching hospital; prescribing of benzodiazepines for insomnia and 
behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in residential aged care 
facilities; drug relation problems in polish patients with chronic illness; 
home medicines review in the elderly; prevalence of inappropriate 
prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids for respiratory tract infections in 
the Netherlands; evaluation of a Danish pharmacist student-physician 
medication review collaboration model; pharmacist involvement to decrease 
drug related problem (DRP) among geriatric patients in Indonesian primary 
health centres; development of shared care guidelines in rheumatology; 
evolution of pharmaceutical care definitions: the PCNE definition 2013; 
potential DRP related to computerized physician order entry: an updating of 
DRP classifications needed; and identification of pharmaceutical care needs 
for a sample population of rheumatoid arthritis patients on methotrexate.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
  corticosteroid
  methotrexate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  chronic disease
  classification
  computerized provider order entry
  dementia
  drug therapy
  geriatric patient
  health center
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  insomnia
  model
  Netherlands
  patient
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  physician
  population
  prevalence
  respiratory tract infection
  rheumatoid arthritis
  rheumatology
  student
  teaching hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 127
TITLE
  Identification of pharmaceutical care needs for a sample population of 
rheumatoid arthritis patients on methotrexate
AUTHOR NAMES
  Grech L.
  Coleiro B.
  Borg A.A.
  Inglott A.S.
  Azzopardi L.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Grech L., louise.grech@um.edu.mt; Coleiro B.; Borg A.A.; Inglott A.S.; 
Azzopardi L.M.) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 
University of Malta, Malta.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Grech, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 
University of Malta, Malta. Email: louise.grech@um.edu.mt
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2014) 36:4 (853-854). Date of 
Publication: August 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE Working Symposium 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Sliema, Malta
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-14 to 2014-03-15
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background Effective and safe pharmacological management of rheumatoid 
arthritis patients depends the safe prescribing, monitoring and 
administration of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biological 
agent. Pharmaceutical care services implemented within a multidisciplinary 
team can further improve medication monitoring. Purpose To assess the impact 
of a pharmaceutical care service offered to patients within the rheumatology 
department out-patient setting in a general public hospital. Method 
Rheumatoid arthritis adult patients who were on methotrexate regularly 
attending the rheumatology out-patient clinic (RC) were eligible to 
participate in the study. Pharmaceutical care issues identified during 
visits at the RC were documented. The drug therapy problems identified were 
categorized into an amended classification developed by colleagues (McAnaw, 
2003) at the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences. Each 
of the pharmaceutical care issue identified was categorized as either an 
actual or potential drug therapy problem. Actions (checks or changes) needed 
to resolve each care issue problem were documented in the care plan within 
the patient's medical file. Findings A total of 88 patients were recruited 
in the study. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 60.8 (11.6) years. The 
mean number of years on methotrexate was 10 years. A total of 106 
pharmaceutical care issues were identified for the 88 patients giving a mean 
of 1.2 per patient where 72 % (n = 76) were actual drug therapy problems 
requiring alteration of the therapeutic plan and 28 % (n = 30) were 
potential drug therapy problems requiring resolution by reference back to 
the therapeutic plan. The most common actual drug therapy problem identified 
was inappropriate compliance (28.8 %) followed by additional medication 
needs (18.2 %) and unnecessary medication prescribed (16.7 %). The most 
common potential drug therapy problem identified was related to potential 
adverse events (70 %) followed by inappropriate compliance (16.7 %). 
Conclusion The pharmaceutical care intervention led to the identification of 
drug therapy problems which were subsequently discussed with the physicians. 
References: McAnaw JJ. Development of novel approaches to demonstrate the 
quality of drug therapy use. PhD thesis. Department of Pharmaceutical 
Sciences. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde. 2003.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methotrexate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  biological product
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  patient
  pharmaceutical care
  population
  rheumatoid arthritis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  classification
  drug monitoring
  drug therapy
  hospital
  monitoring
  outpatient
  pharmaceutics
  pharmacy
  physician
  public hospital
  rheumatology
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-9952-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 128
TITLE
  Allosteric modulator of sigma-1 receptors enhance cognition and memory
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zvejniece L.
  Vavers E.
  Svalbe B.
  Domracheva I.
  Vorona M.
  Veinberg G.
  Kalvinsh I.
  Dambrova M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zvejniece L.; Vavers E.; Svalbe B.; Domracheva I.; Vorona M.; Veinberg G.; 
Kalvinsh I.; Dambrova M.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Zvejniece,
SOURCE
  Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2014) 115 SUPPL. 1 
(177-178). Date of Publication: July 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  17th World Congress of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Cape Town, South Africa
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-07-13 to 2014-07-18
ISSN
  1742-7835
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: The sigma-1 receptors (Sig1-R) have been studied to elucidate 
their possible pharmacological applications, which involve learning and 
memory processes, depression and anxiety, schizophrenia, analgesia and some 
effects of drugs of abuse. Herein we describe a novel 4, 5-disubstituted 
derivative of piracetam E1R, which act as positive allosteric modulator of 
Sig1-R and enhances cognition and memory processes in mice. Methods: Male 
ICR mice, Balb/c mice and Wistar rats were used in the passive avoidance 
(PA) test, Y-maze test and for in vitro studies, respectively. The 
experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the guidelines 
reported in EU Directive 2010/63/EU. We characterised the mechanism of 
action of E1R in [3H](+)-pentazocine binding and bradykinin (BDK)-induced 
intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) increase assays. The 
effects of E1R on cognition and locomotion were evaluated using PA test. The 
effect of E1R on scopolamine- induced cognitive deficits was assessed in PA 
and Y-maze tests. A selective Sig1-R antagonist NE-100 was used to study the 
involvement of the Sig1-R in the effects of E1R on PA and Y-maze tests. The 
data were analysed using a one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc tests. 
P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: 
E1R did not displace [3H](+)-pentazocine from the Sig1-R. The pre-incubation 
with E1R potentiated 3 times the effect of selective Sig1-R agonist PRE-084 
on the [Ca(2+)](i) changes, thus confirming the Sig1-R positive allosteric 
modulator effect in vitro. E1R at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg facilitated PA 
retention. Furthermore, E1R at dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg alleviated the 
scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment during the PA and Y-maze tests. The 
in vivo and in vitro effects of E1R were blocked by treatment with the 
selective Sig1-R antagonist NE-100. Conclusions: For the first time, we show 
that positive allosteric modulator of Sig1-R enhances cognition and 
demonstrates efficacy against scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction in 
mice. These effects of E1R are attributed to its positive modulatory action 
on the Sig1-R. Therefore, positive allosteric modulators of Sig1-R may be 
interesting as both a novel tool for studying Sig1-R pharmacology and a 
novel drug candidate for treating cognitive disorders.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  sigma 1 opiate receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2 [4 methoxy 3 (2 phenylethoxy)phenyl] n,n dipropylethylamine
  bradykinin
  cholinergic receptor stimulating agent
  pentazocine
  piracetam
  scopolamine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  cognition
  memory
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  agonist
  analgesia
  analysis of variance
  anxiety
  assay
  Bagg albino mouse
  cognitive defect
  in vitro study
  Institute for Cancer Research mouse
  learning
  locomotion
  male
  mouse
  passive avoidance test
  pharmacology
  post hoc analysis
  procedures
  schizophrenia
  statistical significance
  Wistar rat
  Y-maze test
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 129
TITLE
  Off-label baclofen prescribing practices among French alcohol specialists: 
Results of a national online survey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rolland B.
  Paille F.
  Fleury B.
  Cottencin O.
  Benyamina A.
  Aubin H.-J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rolland B., benjamin.rolland@chru-lille.fr; Paille F.; Fleury B.; Cottencin 
O.; Benyamina A.; Aubin H.-J.) Société Française d'Alcoologie, 
Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
(Rolland B., benjamin.rolland@chru-lille.fr; Cottencin O.) Service 
d'Addictologie, CHU Lille, Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
(Paille F.) Service d'Addictologie, CHU Nancy, Univ Nancy, Nancy, France.
(Fleury B.) Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie et d'Alcoologie, CHU Bordeaux, 
Bordeaux, France.
(Benyamina A.; Aubin H.-J.) CERTA l'Albatros, Hôpital Paul Brousse, INSERM U 
669, Villejuif, France.
SOURCE
  PLoS ONE (2014) 9:6 Article Number: e98062. Date of Publication: 2 Jun 2014
ISSN
  1932-6203 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Public Library of Science, plos@plos.org
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To evaluate, among alcohol specialists belonging to the Société 
Française d'Alcoologie (SFA), i.e., the French Alcohol Society, the 
proportion of physicians who prescribed off-label baclofen for alcohol use 
disorders (AUDs). The secondary objective was to depict the features of 
individual prescribing and monitoring practices. Methods: On-line survey 
among 484 French alcohol specialists. Physicians were asked whether they 
prescribed baclofen for AUDs. If they did not, the reasons for this choice 
were investigated. If they did, the features of the physician's prescribing 
practice were explored, including the number of patients treated, the mean 
and maximum doses, the monitoring precautions and the pharmacovigilance 
reporting. Participants were also asked about their empirical findings on 
HDB's efficacy and safety. Results: In total, 302 physicians (response rate 
of 62.4%) participated in the survey. Data from 296 participants were 
analysed, representing 59.4% of all active prescribing physicians belonging 
to the SFA. HDB use was declared by 74.6% of participants (mean dose 
109.5±43.6 mg/d; maximum dose 188±93.3 mg/d). However, 79.2% of prescribers 
had treated less than 30 patients, and 67.8% used HDB as a second-line 
medication. Although HDB was perceived as more efficacious than approved 
drugs by 54.3% of prescribers, it was also declared less safe by 62.8%. 
Nonetheless, 79.7% of prescribers had never filed any pharmacovigilance 
report. Non-prescribers (25.6%) were primarily deterred by the current lack 
of scientific data and official regulation. Conclusion: A majority of French 
alcohol specialists reported using HDB, although often on a limited number 
of their patients. HDB was considered efficacious but also potentially 
hazardous. Despite this, physicians reported minimal safety data to the 
health security system. While French health authorities are planning to 
draft a specific regulatory measure for framing off-label HDB prescribing 
practices, the sustained education of prescribers on spontaneous 
pharmacovigilance reporting should be enhanced. © 2014 Rolland et al.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  baclofen
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol use disorder
  medical practice
  medical specialist
  off label drug use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  drug choice
  drug efficacy
  drug safety
  drug surveillance program
  female
  France
  human
  male
  medical decision making
  physician attitude
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014404414
MEDLINE PMID
  24887094 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24887094)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098062
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 130
TITLE
  Access to and engagement in substance use disorder specialty treatment: 
Comparing justice-involved and other veterans
AUTHOR NAMES
  Finlay A.K.
  Bowe T.
  Harris A.S.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Finlay A.K.; Bowe T.; Harris A.S.H.) Veteran Aairs Substance Use Disorder 
Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 
Menlo Park, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.K. Finlay, Veteran Aairs Substance Use Disorder Quality Enhancement 
Research Initiative, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2014) 38 SUPPL. 1 (67A). 
Date of Publication: June 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, RSA 
2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bellevue, WA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-21 to 2014-06-25
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: More than half of all Veterans involved in the criminal justice 
system have an alcohol or drug use disorder, andmany have other mental 
health conditions, medical conditions, and employment and housing 
challenges. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has programs dedicated to 
connecting justice-involved Veterans with VHA services to treat substance 
use disorder (SUD) and mental health symptoms and reduce their risk for 
criminal justice recidivismand homelessness, but the success of these 
programs in achieving these goals is unknown. We examined the effectiveness 
of VHA linkage programs on access to and engagement in VHA SUD treatment 
among justiceinvolved Veterans with SUD conditions compared to 
non-justice-involved Veterans with SUD conditions. Methods: Among VHA 
patients who received a SUD diagnosis in fiscal year 2012, 28,608 
justiceinvolved Veterans were compared with 472,985 non-justice involved 
Veterans in terms of access to and engagement in SUD specialty treatment 
within one year of initial diagnosis. The multi-level models of these 
outcomes included justice-involved status, demographics, type of SUD 
condition, presence of a co-occurringmental health, and a random effect for 
VHA facility (N=130) . Results: Justice-involved Veterans were more likely 
to access at least some SUD treatment compared to non-justice-involved 
Veterans (OR=3.54, 95%CI: 3.44-3.64). Engagement in addictionrelated 
treatment, defined as the number of visits, for outpatient sessions (b=0.83, 
p<0.001) and inpatient/residential stays (b=0.63, p<0.001) was greater for 
justice-involved Veterans. Among Veterans with alcohol dependence, 
utilization of pharmacotherapy was greater among justice-involved Veterans 
(OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.33-1.46). However, among Veterans with opioid 
dependence, utilization of pharmacotherapy was lower among justice-involved 
Veterans (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.76-0.88). Conclusions: Despite the complex needs 
of this vulnerable population, VHA appears to be effectively connecting 
justice-involved Veterans with SUD outpatient and inpatient/residential 
treatment as well as pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence compared to 
other Veterans with SUD conditions. Determining the key aspects of the 
linkage programs and expanding them to other Veterans would help increase 
access to and engagement in VHA SUD treatment services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  human
  justice
  society
  substance abuse
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  criminal justice
  diagnosis
  diseases
  drug therapy
  drug use
  employment
  health
  health care management
  homelessness
  housing
  mental health
  model
  opiate addiction
  outpatient
  patient
  risk
  veterans health
  vulnerable population
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 131
TITLE
  Justice-involved veterans: Substance use disorder conditions and utilization 
of care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Finlay A.K.
  Smelson D.
  Timko C.
  McGuire J.
  Rosenthal J.
  Bowe T.
  Harris A.H.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Finlay A.K.; Smelson D.; Timko C.; McGuire J.; Rosenthal J.; Bowe T.; 
Harris A.H.S.) Veteran Aairs Substance Use Disorder Quality Enhancement 
Research Initiative, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.K. Finlay, Veteran Aairs Substance Use Disorder Quality Enhancement 
Research Initiative, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2014) 38 SUPPL. 1 (67A). 
Date of Publication: June 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, RSA 
2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bellevue, WA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-21 to 2014-06-25
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: We examined alcohol and drug use disorders, co-occurrence with 
other mental health disorders, and utilization rates of substance use 
disorder (SUD) treatment among Veterans involved with the criminal justice 
system. Veterans comprise 10% of those in prison and other criminal justice 
settings and over half have SUD and mental health treatment needs. The 
Veterans Health Administration (VHA) connects justice-involved Veterans with 
VHA services through Veterans JusticeOutreach (VJO) for Veterans entering 
the justice system through arrests or courts, and Health Care for Reentry 
Veterans (HCRV) for Veterans transitioning back to the community following 
incarceration in prison. Connecting Veterans to SUD treatment services can 
help reduce criminal justice recidivism and homelessness; thus, we examine 
whether these programs provide treatment access and linkage for these 
vulnerable populations. Methods: Using VHA health records from fiscal years 
2008-2012, we describe and compared 36,758 VJO Veterans with 26,293 HCRV 
Veterans in terms of diagnosed prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders 
disorder, co-occurrence with mental health conditions, and utilization of 
addiction-related inpatient/residential treatment, outpatient treatment, or 
pharmacotherapy services. Results: Justice-involved Veterans had high rates 
of alcohol use disorders (50% among VJO, 23% among HCRV), drug use disorders 
(41%VJO, 22%HCRV), and co-occurring mental health conditions (45%VJO, 
21%HCRV), with VJO Veterans more likely to have these conditions (p<0.001). 
Of those with SUD, 58% received at least some SUD treatment. VJO Veterans 
had more outpatient sessions (M=13, SD=28), inpatient/residential stays 
(M=2, SD=12), and pharmacotherapy visits (M=0.7, SD=11) compared to HCRV 
Veterans (outpatient visits: M=5, SD=17; inpatient/residential stays: M=1, 
SD=11; pharmacotherapy visits: M=0.2, SD=6; p<0.001). Conclusions: Veterans 
entering VJO and HCRV programs are at especially high risk of having 
substance use and other mental health disorders; these programs appear to be 
successful at helping them obtain needed services. Higher rates of treatment 
engagement among VJO Veterans may be due to the direct effects of these 
supportive programs, court mandated treatment, and/or easier access to VHA 
facilities in urban areas. Closer supervision after release from prison and 
interventions to address treatment barriers in rural areas may increase 
access among HCRV Veterans.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  human
  justice
  society
  substance abuse
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  alcohol use disorder
  community
  criminal justice
  diseases
  drug therapy
  drug use
  health
  health care
  health care management
  homelessness
  mental health
  outpatient
  prevalence
  prison
  recidivism
  risk
  rural area
  substance use
  therapy
  urban area
  veterans health
  vulnerable population
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 132
TITLE
  Pain management knowledge and attitudes of hemophilia providers: Physicians 
& nurses
AUTHOR NAMES
  Witkop M.
  Lambing A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Witkop M.) Northern Regional Bleeding Disorders, Traverse City, United 
States.
(Lambing A.) Henry Ford Bleeding and Thrombosis Treatment Center, Detroit, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Witkop, Northern Regional Bleeding Disorders, Traverse City, United 
States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hematology (2014) 89:6 (E96). Date of Publication: June 
2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 Thrombosis and Hemostasis Summit of North America, THSNA 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Chicago, IL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-04-10 to 2014-04-12
ISSN
  0361-8609
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Liss Inc.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: The National Pain Survey identified that persons with hemophilia 
(PWH) reported daily pain ratings of 5/10 as well as using the same words to 
describe acute and chronic pain. Additionally, 59% of hemophilia pts who 
completed the National Pain Survey reported receiving pain management from 
their HTC providers. The purpose of this survey was to assess the knowledge 
and attitudes of hemophilia providers regarding pain assessment and 
treatment. METHODS: A validated Survey Monkey (TM) survey with 38 true/false 
and likert scale questions specific to pain mangement was emailed to every 
physician and nurse provider in the United States listed on the CDC bleeding 
disorders website affiliated with a hemophilia treatment center. SUMMARY: A 
total of 529 surveys were emailed to HTC providers with 152 completed 
(response rate 29%); 57 physicians, 22 nurse practitioners, 68 RNs, 5 other 
providers. Most respondents were female (78%) and RNs (45%), followed by MDs 
(38%), NPs (15%) with an average age of 49 years age. While most 
participants had greater than 20 years in health care (57%), the majority of 
subjects had 0-5 years of hemophilia experience (28%); followed closely by 
greater than 20 years of hemophilia experience (24%). Participants worked in 
a variety of settings; life span centers (45%), followed by pediatrics only 
(32%), then adult only (23%). At least 34% of the participants worked in 
HTCs with more than 300 hemophilia patients. The greatest response rate was 
from Region V-East (19%) and lowest from Region II (3%). Only 19% of 
respondents had taken advanced training in pain management. RESULTS: 
Questions were stratified into 4 separate categories; assessment, treatment, 
pharmacology and substance abuse. In approximately 1/3 of the total 
questions only 75% of the participants answered correctly. Despite 100% of 
the respondents recognizing patient self-report of pain as the gold 
standard, signficant attitudinal differences were noted in the assessment 
and treatment of pain. Knowledge deficits across the spectrum of providers 
were noted, specifcially regarding dose conversions, opioid metabolism, and 
adjuvant medications. CONCLUSIONS: HTC providers demonstrate knowledge 
regarding pain management. PWH consider their HTC providers experts in 
hemophilia care and the conditiona related to hemophilia. Since the majority 
of hemophilia related pain mangement is provided by HTCs, additional 
education specific to pharmacology, dependence, and addiction concerns may 
be beneficial.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adjuvant
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  hemophilia
  hemostasis
  human
  North America
  nurse
  physician
  thrombosis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  adult
  bleeding disorder
  chronic pain
  drug therapy
  education
  female
  gold standard
  Haplorhini
  health care
  lifespan
  Likert scale
  metabolism
  nurse practitioner
  pain
  pain assessment
  patient
  pediatrics
  pharmacology
  self report
  substance abuse
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23759
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 133
TITLE
  The expectancy challenge alcohol literacy curriculum (ECALC): Implementation 
of a digital translation with high school students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dotson K.
  Herring D.
  Dietz A.
  Shah M.
  Hall T.
  Bowers C.
  Tantleff-Dunn S.
  Dunn M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dotson K.; Herring D.; Dietz A.; Shah M.; Hall T.; Bowers C.; Tantleff-Dunn 
S.; Dunn M.) University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Dotson, University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2014) 38 SUPPL. 1 (126A). 
Date of Publication: June 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, RSA 
2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bellevue, WA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-21 to 2014-06-25
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC) is a 45-minute 
group or individually-delivered program designed to change alcohol 
expectancy processes and reduce underage and risky alcohol use. The ECALC 
has been administered to students in public and private high schools, 
alternative schools, colleges, and notoriously higher risk individuals in 
college fraternities and sororities. Among males and females in each group, 
completion of the ECALC resulted in reduced expectations of arousing and 
positive social effects, and increased expectations of sedating and negative 
behavioral effects. In addition, exposure to the ECALC was followed by 
decreases in quantity and frequency of alcohol use and reduced peak blood 
alcohol concentration. Despite the brevity and effectiveness of the ECALC, 
implementation in high school classes has been limited by the amount of 
training required for appropriate administration. The present study 
addressed this problem by creating a digital translation of ECALC materials 
and automating key parts of the program. A new Digital ECALC was created as 
a web-based program with a shortened script for group administration. All 
key elements of the previous ECALC were retained. New exercises were added 
to increase interactivity, maintain attention, and focus students on key 
aspects of their own alcohol expectancies. For example, exercises were 
created to teach students the definition of a standard drink, and to 
demonstrate the volume of liquid equivalent to a single standard drink when 
different types of alcoholic beverages are poured into non-standard drink 
containers. Also added was an interactive game to teach common aspects of 
alcohol pharmacology. After the Digital ECALC was created, it was delivered 
to four classes of students (n=83) at three public high schools in central 
Florida to test functionality and effectiveness. Online menus, animations, 
and audio content functioned as intended. Before and after presentation of 
the ECALC, expectancies were assessed using the Comprehensive Effects of 
Alcohol Scale (CEOA). Analysis of expectancy data found significant changes 
in predicted directions on all subscales of the CEOA with the exception of 
Tension Reduction. Overall, results indicated that expectancy changes 
produced by the digitized ECALC were comparable to those produced by the 
previous non-digital version of the program, and comparable reductions in 
alcohol use are expected.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  curriculum
  high school student
  human
  reading
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol blood level
  alcohol consumption
  alcoholic beverage
  college
  exercise
  exposure
  female
  high school
  liquid
  male
  pharmacology
  risk
  school
  student
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 134
TITLE
  The temporal association between drinking and sexual aggression in college 
men
AUTHOR NAMES
  Testa M.
  Parks K.A.
  Hoffman J.H.
  Crane C.A.
  Leonard K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Testa M.; Parks K.A.; Hoffman J.H.; Crane C.A.; Leonard K.E.) Research 
Institute on Addictions, University at Bualo, Buffalo, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Testa, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Bualo, Buffalo, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2014) 38 SUPPL. 1 (332A). 
Date of Publication: June 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, RSA 
2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bellevue, WA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-06-21 to 2014-06-25
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Although alcohol consumption has been associated with sexual aggression in 
college samples, few studies have considered the temporal, proximal 
relationship between drinking and subsequent perpetration of sexual 
aggression.We examined whether drinking episodes increased the odds of 
subsequent sexual aggression using 56 days of online daily reports from 429 
college freshman males. Each day, participants were asked whether they drank 
alcohol and if so, the time of occurrence, number of drinks, context, and 
intoxication. They were also asked whether they engaged in any penetrative 
or non-penetrative sexual activity, including hookups, that day. If so, they 
recorded the time of occurrence and the extent to which they used verbal 
persuasion, physical force, and encouragement of intoxication (on 0-6 
scales) as strategies to obtain sex. Sexual episodes that included use of 
any strategy (32% of sexual episodes) were considered sexually aggressive; 
those with none were considered consensual.We used a generalized linearmodel 
with a multinomial model and logit link function to predict 4models, with no 
sex days as the reference category. These outcomes were: 1) consensual sex 
with regular partner, 2) consensual sex with casual partner, 3) sexual 
aggression with regular partner, 4) sexual aggression with casual partner. 
After controlling for average drinking levels, drinks prior to sex increased 
the odds of both consensual sex with a casual partner and sexual aggression 
with a casual partner. Drinking had no impact on the odds of sexual 
aggression with a regular partner and reduced the odds of consensual sex 
with a regular partner. The pattern of results was consistent when the three 
strategies (verbal, physical, encourage to drink) were considered separately 
and when higher thresholds for aggression were used. Moreover, the pattern 
of results remained when differentmeasures of alcohol use were substituted 
(e.g., any alcohol use, any heavy episodic drinking, drinks 5 hours before 
sex). The event-level associations between drinking episodes and subsequent 
sexual activity with casual partnersmay reflect both pharmacological and 
context effects, since collegemen drink in social settings that include 
drinking women. Nonetheless, the robust relationships suggest that college 
drinking events are a potential target for sexual assault prevention 
efforts.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  college
  drinking
  human
  male
  sexual violence
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aggression
  alcohol consumption
  consensual sex
  female
  intoxication
  model
  persuasive communication
  prevention
  sexual assault
  sexual behavior
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 135
TITLE
  Knowledge and attitudes of pain management in hemophilia providers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lambing A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lambing A.) Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Lambing, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, United States.
SOURCE
  Haemophilia (2014) 20 SUPPL. 3 (155). Date of Publication: May 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  World Federation of Hemophilia, WFH 2014 World Congress
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Melbourne, VIC, Australia
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-05-11 to 2014-05-15
ISSN
  1351-8216
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Introduction and Objectives: The National Pain Survey identified that 
persons with hemophilia (PWH) reported daily pain ratings of 5/10 as well as 
describing acute and chronic pain with same words. Additionally 59% of 
respondents seek pain management from their HTC providers. The purpose of 
this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of hemophilia 
providers regarding pain assessment and treatment. Methods: A validated 
Survey Monkey™ survey with 38 true/false and likert scale questions specific 
to pain management was emailed to every physician and nurse provider in the 
United States listed via CDC bleeding disorders website. Results: A total of 
529 surveys were emailed to HTC providers with 152 completed (response rate 
29%); 57 physicians, 22 nurse practitioners, 68 RNs; 5 other providers. Most 
respondents were female (78%), RNs,(45%) (38% MDs, 15% NPs), and average age 
of 49 years. While most participants had greater than 20 years in health 
care (57%), the majority of subjects had 0-5 years of hemophilia experience 
(28%); followed by greater than 20 years of hemophilia experience (24%). 
Participants worked in a variety of settings; life span centers (45%), 
pediatrics only (32%), or adult only (23%). At least 34% of the participants 
HTCs cared for more than 300 hemophilia patients. Only 19% had taken 
advanced training in pain management. The greatest response rate was from 
Region V-East (19%) and lowest Region II (3%). Questions were stratified 
into four categories; assessment, treatment, pharmacology and substance 
abuse. In approximately 1/3 of the total questions only 75% of the 
participants answered correctly. Despite 100% of respondents recognizing 
patient selfreport of pain as the gold standard, significant attitudinal 
differences were noted in the assessment and treatment of pain. Knowledge 
deficits across the spectrum of providers were noted, specifically regarding 
dose conversions, opioid metabolism, and adjuvant medications. Conclusion: 
HTC providers demonstrate some knowledge regarding pain management. PWH 
consider their HTC providers experts in hemophilia care and the conditions 
related to hemophilia. Since the majority of hemophilia related pain 
management is provided by HTCs additional education specific to 
pharmacology, dependence, and addiction concerns may be beneficial.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adjuvant
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  hemophilia
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  adult
  bleeding disorder
  chronic pain
  drug therapy
  education
  female
  gold standard
  Haplorhini
  health care
  human
  lifespan
  Likert scale
  metabolism
  nurse
  nurse practitioner
  pain
  pain assessment
  patient
  pediatrics
  pharmacology
  physician
  substance abuse
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hae.12400
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 136
TITLE
  ISMP adverse drug reactions: Vigabatrin-induced encephalopathy: Fidaxomicin 
hypersensitivity reactions: Vemurafenib-induced dress: Severe alkalosis and 
hypokalemia with stanozolol misuse: Isotretinoin-associated lip abscess: 
Eltrombopag-associated hyperpigmentation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mancano M.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mancano M.A.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of 
Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
(Mancano M.A.) Institute for Safe Medication Practices, Horsham, PA, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Hospital Pharmacy (2014) 49:5 (420-424). Date of Publication: 1 May 2014
ISSN
  1945-1253 (electronic)
  0018-5787
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Facts and Comparisons
ABSTRACT
  The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specifi c adverse 
drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting 
of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program 
(800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to 
MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Write to Dr. 
Mancano at ISMP, 200 Lakeside Drive, Suite 200, Horsham, PA 19044 (phone: 
215-707-4936; e-mail: mmancano@temple.edu). Your report will be published 
anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the 
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in cooperation with the FDA's 
MedWatch program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA 
MedWatch partner. © 2014 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  eltrombopag (adverse drug reaction)
  fidaxomicin (adverse drug reaction)
  isotretinoin (adverse drug reaction)
  stanozolol (adverse drug reaction)
  vemurafenib (adverse drug reaction)
  vigabatrin (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  brain disease (side effect, etiology, side effect)
  DRESS syndrome (side effect, etiology, side effect)
  drug hypersensitivity (side effect, etiology, side effect)
  hyperpigmentation (side effect, etiology, side effect)
  hypokalemic alkalosis (side effect, etiology, side effect)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abscess (side effect)
  article
  cheilitis (side effect)
  drug efficacy
  drug exposure
  drug misuse
  drug safety
  drug withdrawal
  food and drug administration
  human
  lip abscess (side effect)
  lip abscess (side effect)
  medical society
  pharmacy
  xerostomia (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  dificid
  promacta
  sabril
  winstrol
  zelboraf
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  eltrombopag (376591-99-0, 443130-00-5, 496775-61-2, 496775-62-3)
  fidaxomicin (56645-60-4, 873857-62-6)
  isotretinoin (4759-48-2)
  stanozolol (10418-03-8, 302-96-5)
  vemurafenib (918504-65-1)
  vigabatrin (60643-86-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014333656
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4905-420
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 137
TITLE
  Dissemination, adoption, and implementation of acamprosate for treating 
alcohol use disorders
AUTHOR NAMES
  Knudsen H.K.
  Roman P.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Knudsen H.K.) Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, 
Lexington, Kentucky
(Roman P.M.) Owens Institute for Behavioral Research and Department of 
Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
SOURCE
  Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs (2014) 75:3 (467-475). Date of 
Publication: 1 May 2014
ISSN
  1938-4114 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: Acamprosate has been available in the United States for treating 
alcohol use disorders (AUDs) for nearly a decade, yet few studies have 
examined its use within AUD treatment organizations. In addition to 
describing dissemination and adoption of acamprosate, this study provides 
novel data regarding organizational processes that underlie its 
implementation within adopting programs.METHOD: Data were drawn from 
interviews with leaders of a nationally representative sample of 307 
organizations delivering AUD treatment. Quantitative indicators of 
organizational characteristics, dissemination, adoption, and implementation 
of acamprosate, as well as qualitative measures of implementation processes, 
were measured during face-to-face interviews.RESULTS: Only 18.0% (n = 55) of 
sampled organizations had adopted acamprosate for treating AUDs, and 
adoption was positively associated with accreditation, having a physician on 
staff, receiving information about acamprosate via pharmaceutical 
representatives, and learning about this medication from other treatment 
providers. Within adopting programs, an average of 6.0% of AUD patients were 
currently receiving acamprosate. Numerous implementation challenges were 
identified, including appropriate patient selection, patient reluctance to 
be prescribed acamprosate, suboptimal adherence, its costs, and limited 
counselor training.CONCLUSIONS: The limited adoption and implementation of 
acamprosate likely limits the potential public health impact of this adjunct 
to AUD treatment. Research integrating the perspectives of organizational 
leaders, medical professionals, and patients is needed to determine whether 
specific strategies can address the implementation challenges identified in 
the current study and increase use of acamprosate in specialty AUD treatment 
settings.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acamprosate
  drugs used in the treatment of addiction (drug therapy)
  taurine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analogs and derivatives
  information dissemination
  trends
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism (diagnosis, drug therapy, epidemiology)
  clinical trial
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  government
  health care planning
  human
  multicenter study
  randomized controlled trial
  treatment outcome
  United States
  utilization
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acamprosate (77337-73-6)
  taurine (107-35-7)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24766759 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24766759)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 138
TITLE
  Improving internal medicine resident preparedness to diagnose and treat 
substance use disorders; Evaluating the impact of an enhanced addiction 
curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wakeman S.E.
  Pham-Kanter G.
  Baggett M.
  Campbell E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wakeman S.E.; Baggett M.; Campbell E.) Massachusetts General Hospital, 
Boston, United States.
(Pham-Kanter G.) University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, 
United States.
(Campbell E.) Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Boston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.E. Wakeman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of General Internal Medicine (2014) 29 SUPPL. 1 (S124). Date of 
Publication: April 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  37th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, SGIM 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-04-23 to 2014-04-26
ISSN
  0884-8734
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUD) are the number one public health 
problem facing America, accounting for more morbidity and mortality than any 
other preventable health condition and affecting 16 % of the population. 
Despite providing care for large numbers of patients with addiction, a 
majority of internal medicine residents feel unprepared to treat SUDs and 
rate the quality of SUD instruction during training as fair or poor. 
METHODS: This prospective study evaluated the impact of an enhanced SUD 
curriculum at Massachusetts General Hospital on internal medicine residents' 
selfperceived preparedness to diagnose and treat SUDs, their ratings of the 
quality and quantity of SUD education, and their basic knowledge of SUDs. 
The intervention was a didactic curriculum designed by a collaborative group 
of internists and psychiatrists with addiction expertise, incorporated into 
the inpatient noon conference, resident report, and ambulatory lecture 
series over the course of one academic year. Core topics included the 
neurobiology of addiction; motivational interviewing; SUD screening and 
diagnosis; withdrawal management; pharmacotherapy for alcohol and opioid use 
disorders; opioid overdose prevention and management; physician addiction; 
care for the hospitalized patient with addiction; and exposure to patients 
in recovery. RESULTS: Following the intervention, 86 % of residents reported 
feeling prepared to diagnose addiction and 58 % of residents reported 
feeling prepared to treat addiction as compared to 74 % and 37 % 
respectively in the baseline survey. Three quarters of residents rated the 
overall quality of instruction as good or excellent and 98 % of residents 
reported that formal residency curriculum had a positive impact on their 
self-perceived preparedness to provide care to addicted patients. However, 
39 % of residents still reported feeling unprepared to treat addiction. 
Residents who reported receiving an adequate amount of SUD instruction were 
more likely to feel prepared to diagnose and treat addiction. Nearly one 
third of residents (31 %) still rated the overall amount of instruction in 
addictions as too little. Additionally, the majority of residents reported 
issues with insurance or cost of care (88 %) and access to addiction 
treatment (80 %) had a negative impact on their self-perceived preparedness 
to provide care for patients with SUDs. Nearly all residents (96 %) noted 
time constraints also negatively impacted preparedness. The intervention did 
not significantly improve residents' answers to knowledge questions. 
CONCLUSIONS: An enhanced didactic SUD curriculum for internal medicine 
residents resulted in improved self-perceived preparedness to diagnose and 
treat SUDs and higher quality ratings for SUD instruction. However, there 
was no significant change in knowledge. Limited access to addiction 
treatment negatively impacts resident self-perceived preparedness which 
highlights the need for overall policy changes related to SUD treatment in 
addition to educational reform. Given the complexity of SUDs, a 
comprehensive training model beginning in medical school, incorporating 
clinical experiences, and comparable to other chronic disease curricula is 
needed to adequately impact knowledge and clinical care.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  curriculum
  internal medicine
  society
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chronic disease
  diagnosis
  diseases
  drug therapy
  education
  exposure
  general hospital
  health
  hospital patient
  human
  insurance
  internist
  intoxication
  medical school
  model
  morbidity
  mortality
  motivational interviewing
  neurobiology
  patient
  physician
  policy
  population
  prevention
  prospective study
  psychiatrist
  public health problem
  screening
  United States
  Western Hemisphere
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 139
TITLE
  HSRPP 2014 Aberdeen - Foreword
AUTHOR NAMES
  Watson M.
  Bond C.
  Matheson C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Watson M.; Bond C.; Matheson C.) Centre of Academic Primary Care, School of 
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Watson, Centre of Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine and 
Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2014) 22 SUPPL. 1 (1). Date of 
Publication: April 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  Health Services Research and Pharmacy Practice Conference, HSRPP 2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Aberdeen, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-04-03 to 2014-04-04
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  We are delighted to welcome you to Aberdeen and to HSRPP 2014. The venue 
will be King's College Conference Centre, University of Aberdeen, situated 
in Old Aberdeen, a historic area with architecture spanning the 15(th) to 
21(st) centuries. This is also the 20(th) anniversary for HSRPP and we hope 
that together we will celebrate this achievement and make this a memorable 
conference. The conference theme is “Pharmacy, Medicines and Public Health”. 
This theme highlights two core components of pharmacy practice: medicines 
use, especially medicine safety, and public health. Both components are of 
increasing importance particularly in relation to the role of pharmacists 
and their teams. Our three keynote speakers will, we are sure, inspire us 
all. Their presentations will focus on behaviour change and issues of 
addiction. The established role of pharmacists in substance misuse (tobacco 
and drugs) and their emerging role in managing excessive alcohol 
consumption, make these presentations particularly relevant to the 
conference theme and audience. In advance of the conference we would like to 
thank everyone who has already contributed in various ways, illustrating how 
successful team working can be! We thank those who have submitted scientific 
abstracts, the HSRPP steering committee, Pharmacy Research UK, the 
University of Aberdeen CPD Services Unit, and all our sponsors. Special 
thanks go to the Society for the Study of Addictions which has sponsored the 
substance misuse workshop, including a networking lunch, and two prizes for 
the best substance misuse-related presentation and poster. Finally, we hope 
these two days will be productive and enjoyable for both new and experienced 
researchers.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health services research
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  addiction
  alcohol consumption
  architecture
  behavior change
  college
  hope
  human
  meal
  pharmacist
  public health
  safety
  scientist
  society
  tobacco
  United Kingdom
  university
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 140
TITLE
  The sociodemographic and alcohol-substance usage characteristics of 
patients, applied to alcohol and drug addiction treatment center of an 
education and research hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Asan O.
  Tikir B.
  Goka E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Asan O.; Tikir B.; Goka E.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Asan,
SOURCE
  Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni (2014) 24 SUPPL. 1 (S255). Date of 
Publication: 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  6th International Congress on Psychopharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Antalya, Turkey
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-04-16 to 2014-04-20
ISSN
  1017-7833
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Cukurova Univ Tip Fakultesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the sociodemographic and 
alcohol-substance usage characteristics of patients, who were applied to the 
Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Center (AMATEM) of Ankara Numune 
Education and Research Hospital. Method: In this study, the alcohol and 
substance users, who applied to Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Center 
(AMATEM) between 1 January and 15 January 2013, have been interviewed. In 
addition, a semi-structured questionnaire has been used. Results: Of 302 
patients, 283 were male and 19 were female. According to the choice of 
drugs, 14.6% were alcohol users, 53.3% were heroin users, 5.6% were cannabis 
users, 3.6% were users of other drugs (cocaine, ecstasy, volatile) and 22.8% 
were mixed-drug users. This study revealed that there was a great deal of 
drug and alcohol users in the family of the drug and alcohol users (30.5%). 
The study showed that 21.5% of the patients were having legal problems 
before starting to use alcohol-substance and 36.4% of the patients were 
having legal problems after starting to use alcohol-substance. It was found 
that 24.4% of the heroin users was IV (intravenous) users. The 55.8% of IV 
users have used the needle of other IV drug users. It has also been observed 
that 9.5% of them never sterilized the needle they used. The 58.9% of 
patients have not read any book and 31.8% have not read newspaper. The study 
showed that the cannabis users were making some activities like reading 
book-newspaper, going to cafe with friends, travelling to other cities more 
often than the other groups of users. Moreover, the study showed that 19.9% 
of the patients have not sustained education, 47% have lost job and 22.5% 
had an accident because of alcohol-drug usage. Conclusion: It was noticeable 
that there was a great deal of drug and alcohol users in the family of 
patients. It has been noticed that the social status of cannabis users were 
protected better than the other groups of users. The great deal of IV users, 
have used the needle of other users and have sterilized the needle with an 
incorrect method, so it is noticeable that IV substance users were under a 
high risk of infectious diseases. As a result, of the use of alcohol and/or 
substance, they were losing their jobs and it showed that the families of 
alcohol and substance users were being victims. The results of this study 
show that; the alcohol and substance abuse negatively affects many areas of 
life like social life, family and community relationships, job and 
education. Besides, alcohol and substance abuse causes increased illegal 
activities and disrupts the social peace. The alcohol and substance abuse is 
being a great problem day to day, so a multidisciplinary approach for 
treatment, which contains editing the social life, family and community 
relationships, the education and work life along with pharmacological 
treatment, should be developed.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabis
  cocaine
  diamorphine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  education
  hospital
  human
  patient
  psychopharmacology
  substance use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accident
  city
  community
  drug therapy
  drug use
  female
  friend
  infection
  male
  needle
  publication
  reading
  risk
  social life
  social status
  structured questionnaire
  substance abuse
  travel
  victim
  work
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 141
TITLE
  A qualitative analysis assessing patients' perceptions of services offered 
in an adherence pharmacy program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pinto S.
  Bechtol R.
  Omerza K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pinto S.; Bechtol R., robert.bechtol@utoledo.edu; Omerza K.) University of 
Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Pinto, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2014) 54:2 (e84). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Orlando, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-28 to 2014-03-31
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objectives of this study are to: (1) describe an adherence 
pharmacy model; and (2) assess patients' perceptions of the services 
offered. Methods: Three focus group sessions were conducted over a 1-week 
period using a previously developed structured guide. Participants were 
patients and caregivers receiving products and services at a community 
adherence pharmacy for ≥6 months. Experiences with pharmacy services, 
pharmacists, and staff were evaluated. Responses were noted, and video- and 
audio-recorded. Dialogue was transcribed and analysis was conducted using 
ATLAS 7.0. Themes and findings were identified and summarized. Results: A 
new community pharmacy with a goal to impact medication adherence was 
established in August 2011. Patients learned about the pharmacy via flyers, 
billboard signs, televised ads, and/or physician referrals. At enrollment, a 
medication list was created, medications synchronized, patients counseled, 
and medications dispensed in blister packs. Counseling sessions with 
patients and caregivers included education on their conditions, medications, 
and side effects. Follow-up phone calls were made monthly or quarterly 
corresponding with their refill dates. These calls monitored changes to 
medications, addressed patient questions, and assessed the need to schedule 
a follow- up face-to-face session. Blister packs were picked up or delivered 
to patient homes. Regarding patient perceptions, participants felt 
pharmacists and staff helped resolve pharmaceutical concerns and genuinely 
cared about them. Service benefits included receiving health care needs in a 
stress-free environment, keeping track of patient refills, and receiving 
medications timely. Adherence was impacted through patients better 
understanding their medications, having pharmacists identify drug problems 
and interactions, and assisting patients with their therapy by making 
recommendations. Conclusion: With emphasis placed on medication adherence as 
a performance indicator, new practice models impacting medication adherence 
are needed. This newly developed adherence pharmacy seems to provide a 
platform for this service. Services provided at the adherence pharmacy were 
positively received and were successful in positively effecting medication 
adherence and changing medication-taking behavior.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  patient
  pharmacy
  qualitative analysis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blister pack
  caregiver
  community
  counseling
  drug abuse
  drug therapy
  education
  environment
  follow up
  health care need
  hospital department
  information processing
  medication compliance
  model
  pharmacist
  physician
  side effect
  therapy
  videorecording
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.14511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 142
TITLE
  Student pharmacists' perceptions of the qualifications and responsibilities 
of community pharmacy technicians
AUTHOR NAMES
  Conway S.
  Dunican K.
  Abel C.
  Seed S.
  Lynch A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Conway S.; Dunican K., kaelen.dunican@mcphs.edu; Abel C.; Seed S.; Lynch 
A.) Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Conway, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2014) 54:2 (e180). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Orlando, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-28 to 2014-03-31
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate student pharmacists' 
perception of the qualifications, responsibilities, and importance of 
community pharmacy technicians. Methods: An anonymous survey was 
administered to student pharmacists at the conclusion of their first 
professional (P1) year in an accelerated doctor of pharmacy program via 
Turningpoint technology. Survey questions assessed students' knowledge of 
the qualifications and responsibilities of certified pharmacy technicians 
(CPhTs) in community pharmacy and the perceived value of community pharmacy 
technicians to the community pharmacy team. Completion of the survey was 
voluntary and approved by the university's institutional review board. Data 
were evaluated using descriptive analyses. Results: Of the 298 surveys 
administered, 282 surveys were completed (94.6% response rate). The majority 
of the P1 students were aware that CPhTs are required to pass a licensure 
examination (78.4%) but only 37.2% were aware that CPhTs are required to 
complete continuing education. Less than 10% of students felt that CPhTs 
were qualified to contact prescribers regarding complex drug-related 
problems (DRP) and 41.5% of students felt that CPhTs were not qualified to 
communicate with prescribers for any DRP. The majority of students (92.2%) 
believed that pharmacy technicians are very important to a community 
pharmacy team; less than 1% felt that technicians were not important to a 
community pharmacy team. In comparison, only 61.7% of students thought that 
pharmacy interns were very important to the community pharmacy team and 8.5% 
felt that interns were not important to the pharmacy team. Conclusion: 
Student pharmacists' view CPhTs as more important to the pharmacy team than 
pharmacy interns. Student pharmacists are not aware of many of the 
technicians' qualifications and their ability to assist with DRPs. CPhTs 
play a critical role in community pharmacies, and student pharmacists should 
be educated about the technicians' qualifications.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy technician
  responsibility
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  continuing education
  examination
  institutional review
  licensing
  physician
  technology
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.14511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 143
TITLE
  Ability of senior medical students to identify common serotonergic agents 
when treating serotonin syndrome
AUTHOR NAMES
  Simmons J.C.
  Rushton W.F.
  King J.D.
  Charlton N.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Simmons J.C.; Rushton W.F.; King J.D.; Charlton N.P.) University of 
Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.C. Simmons, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Medical Toxicology (2014) 10:1 (92). Date of Publication: March 
2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  2014 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-28 to 2014-03-30
ISSN
  1556-9039
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York LLC
ABSTRACT
  Background: Serotonergic agents have become ubiquitous throughout medical 
care and include drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
(SSRI), monoamine oxidase inhibitors, select opioids (tramadol, fentanyl, 
and meperidine), antimicrobials (linezolid), over-the-counter preparations 
(dextromethorphan), lithium, and drugs of abuse (MDMA, LSD, cocaine, 
mushrooms). Despite the frequent prescribing pattern of serotonergic 
medications, medical students have often been unable to identify 
serotonergic medications during their medical toxicology rotation. The 
object of this study is to determine if senior medical students are 
cognizant of drugs that have high serotonergic activity and could potentiate 
serotonin syndrome. Methods: A clinical vignette regarding an adolescent 
male who daily takes an SSRI and who presented with fulminant serotonin 
syndrome after abusing dextromethorphan was distributed to a fourth year 
medical school class at one institution. Students were given a list of drugs 
commonly used in the ICU setting and asked to identify which were known to 
increase serotonergic activity and thus be avoided in the management of this 
patient. Response to the survey was entirely voluntary and two reminder 
emails were sent to increase responses. Results: One hundred twenty 
participants replied out of a class of 155 for a 77.4% response rate. The 
following agents were correctly identified for their potential to increase 
serotonergic activity: 87.5 % sertraline, 50.8 % meperidine, 35.8 % 
linezolid, 18.3 % fentanyl, and 16.7 % lithium. The following agents were 
incorrectly identified as worsening serotonin syndrome: 45 % quetiapine, 
12.5 % dexmedetomidine, 5 % propofol, 3.3 % midazolam, and 0 % cefepime. 
Discussion: Our results demonstrate significant gaps in understanding of 
serotonergic agents among fourth year medical students. While 87.5 % were 
able to identify that sertraline would worsen the syndrome, only 50 % 
identified meperidine as serotonergic despite the historical implications of 
this interaction. Also concerning was the belief that quetiapine had 
serotonin agonist activity reflecting failure to understand the mechanism of 
this commonly prescribed xenobiotic. Conclusion: Senior medical students 
require increased education on the pharmacology of commonly used 
serotonergic drugs in the ICU setting to avoid worsening serotonin syndrome 
or causing an iatrogenic adverse drug reaction.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  serotonin agonist
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiinfective agent
  cefepime
  cocaine
  dexmedetomidine
  dextromethorphan
  fentanyl
  linezolid
  lithium
  lysergide
  midazolam
  monoamine oxidase inhibitor
  pethidine
  propofol
  quetiapine
  serotonin uptake inhibitor
  sertraline
  tramadol
  xenobiotic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  medical student
  serotonin syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adolescent
  adverse drug reaction
  drug therapy
  education
  male
  medical care
  medical school
  mushroom
  patient
  pharmacology
  student
  toxicology
  vignette
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-013-0376-x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 144
TITLE
  Final results of student self-assessment of medication therapy management 
activities in required community advanced pharmacy practice experiences
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hale K.
  Brown S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hale K., katherine.hale@umontana.edu; Brown S.) University of Montana, 
Skaggs School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Hale, University of Montana, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, United States. 
Email: katherine.hale@umontana.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2014) 54:2 (e139). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Orlando, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-28 to 2014-03-31
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in student 
knowledge, skills, and ability to identify, assess, and resolve drug-related 
problems in medication therapy management (MTM) encounters during a required 
community advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). Methods: Student 
pharmacists participating in required community APPEs must perform the core 
elements of an MTM encounter with a minimum of 1 patient. A survey 
administered at the end of the 4-week APPE evaluated student self-assessment 
of pre- and post- APPE knowledge, skills, and ability to perform an MTM 
encounter based on 13 defined competencies. The survey also collected 
information on student MTM encounters, such as number and type of encounters 
as well as time spent on each encounter. Surveys were administered over a 
2-year period from May 2010 through May 2012. Results: Over 2 years, 229 MTM 
encounters were completed by 95 student pharmacists. Most students (43%) 
spent 5 to 8 hours on a single encounter. The activity was rated as 
effective to very effective by 94% of students. Self-assessment scores 
improved significantly from baseline for all items (P<0.05), with the 
highest change in communication with primary care providers. Students rating 
their ability as medium-high to high increased by 62% following the 
completion of the community APPE. Conclusion: Implementation of MTM 
activities in a required community APPE significantly increased student 
pharmacists' knowledge, skills, and ability to perform an MTM encounter.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  human
  medication therapy management
  pharmacy
  self evaluation
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  interpersonal communication
  patient
  pharmacist
  primary medical care
  skill
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.14511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 145
TITLE
  Implementing a telepharmacist service for behavioral health patients within 
an integrated care system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rinkus M.
  Gonyeau A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rinkus M., mrr40@pitt.edu; Gonyeau A.) University of Pittsburgh, School of 
Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Rinkus, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, United States. 
Email: mrr40@pitt.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2014) 54:2 (e205). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Orlando, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-28 to 2014-03-31
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objectives of this study are to: (1) evaluate how to best 
implement a pharmacist-provided patient care service remotely using 
interactive audio-video technology for behavioral health patients; and (2) 
subsequently determine the impact of the program on patient drug therapy 
problems and health care costs. Methods: This observational, prospective 
study is being conducted with a partnership between the school of pharmacy 
and Family Services of Western Pennsylvania. Case managers who routinely 
evaluate behavioral health patients in their homes will serve as the 
liaisons to connect these patients to a pharmacist via interactive 
audio-visual technology deployed using tablet computers. The pharmacist will 
conduct a comprehensive medication therapy review and electronically 
document the patient's demographics, history, drug therapy problem 
assessment, and care plan. Student pharmacists will observe and document the 
interactions. Observational data will be collected using a structured tool 
and analyzed for consistent themes. Data on resolved therapy problems and 
potential cost-saving opportunities will be collected and reported using 
descriptive statistics. The study will be evaluated by the university's 
institutional review board.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health
  human
  patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  case manager
  computer
  cost control
  drug therapy
  family service
  health care cost
  institutional review
  patient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prospective study
  school
  statistics
  student
  tablet
  technology
  therapy
  United States
  university
  videorecording
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.14511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 146
TITLE
  Measuring the impact of an interdisciplinary polypharmacy clinic within a 
patient-centered medical home
AUTHOR NAMES
  LaBella S.
  Li G.
  Barnes K.
  Matthews D.
  Beatty S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (LaBella S., labella.sr@gmail.com; Li G.; Barnes K.; Matthews D.; Beatty S.) 
Ohio State University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. LaBella, Ohio State University, United States. Email: 
labella.sr@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2014) 54:2 (e144). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2014
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Orlando, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-03-28 to 2014-03-31
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The primary objective of this project is to track the types of 
interventions made in an interdisciplinary polypharmacy clinic to improve 
medication regimens and medication burden. Polypharmacy has been well 
documented in the literature as a risk for medication errors, adverse drug 
events, and morbidity. Team visits, including complete medication reviews, 
by pharmacists and physicians within a National Committee for Quality 
Assurance (NCQA) tier 3 patient-centered medical home (PCMH) at an academic 
medical center, can improve medication regimens. Secondary objectives 
include: (1) measuring each patient's quality of life at baseline and 1 
month post-intervention and (2) tracking the cost of medication additions 
and discontinuations. Methods: Patients taking ≥10 chronic medications will 
be identified for referral to the polypharmacy clinic from a report 
generated from the electronic medical record. The polypharmacy clinic will 
be staffed by a pharmacist and medical resident with oversight from an 
attending physician who specializes in geriatrics. Drug-related problems 
identified during the visit will be resolved and categorized based on 
indication, efficacy, cost, safety, and compliance. The numbers and types of 
interventions made, both during the primary visit and anticipated in the 
future, will be tracked. The 12-item short form (SF-12) survey also will be 
administered at baseline and 1 month post intervention. The increase or 
decrease in cost for medications added and removed during these visits will 
be captured using the average wholesale prices. Results: Research in 
progress. Using descriptive statistics, the types of drugrelated problems 
identified and interventions made will be reported. Changes in quality of 
life and monthly medication costs will be described.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital
  human
  patient
  polypharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  geriatrics
  medication error
  morbidity
  pharmacist
  physician
  quality control
  quality of life
  risk
  safety
  statistics
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.14511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 147
TITLE
  Need for restructuring practical pharmacology undergraduate curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Khilnani G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Khilnani G., drgurudas@gmail.com) GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, Patan, 
Gujarat, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Khilnani, GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India. Email: 
drgurudas@gmail.com
SOURCE
  National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology (2014) 4:1 (1-3). 
Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  2320-4672
  2231-3206 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Association of Physiologists, Pharmacists and Pharmacologist, Govt. Medical 
College and New Civil Hospital, Majura Gate, Surat, Gujarat, India.
ABSTRACT
  With the advent of new curriculum of pharmacology and availability of 
precompounded, 'ready to use' dosage forms, clinical pharmacy has replaced 
the conventional dispensing pharmacology. Current curriculum incorporates 
several exercises in accordance to MCI recommendations but several 
clinically and therapeutically relevant aspects remain to be considered 
(vide infra). Forgotten is an art of preparing mixtures and lotions 
extemporaneously. Many things were learnt during preparations of various 
dosage forms.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent
  bisphosphonic acid derivative
  glyceryl trinitrate
  insulin
  metformin
  theophylline
  voglibose
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum development
  pharmacological science
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic resistance
  awareness
  communication skill
  cost effectiveness analysis
  drug dosage form
  drug efficacy
  drug misuse
  drug release
  drug safety
  drug treatment failure
  editorial
  human
  medical education
  medication error
  pharmacoeconomics
  practice guideline
  prescription
  skill
  unspecified side effect
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  glyceryl trinitrate (55-63-0)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  metformin (1115-70-4, 657-24-9)
  theophylline (58-55-9, 5967-84-0, 8055-07-0, 8061-56-1, 99007-19-9)
  voglibose (112653-29-9, 83480-29-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014025231
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2014.4.010120141
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 148
TITLE
  The effect of rilpivirine on the pharmacokinetics of methadone in 
HIV-negative volunteers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Crauwels H.M.
  Van Heeswijk R.P.G.
  Vandevoorde A.
  Buelens A.
  Stevens M.
  Hoetelmans R.M.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Crauwels H.M., hcrauwel@its.jnj.com; Van Heeswijk R.P.G.; Vandevoorde A.; 
Buelens A.; Stevens M.; Hoetelmans R.M.W.) Janssen Infectious Diseases BVBA, 
Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.M. Crauwels, Janssen Infectious Diseases BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 
Beerse, Belgium. Email: hcrauwel@its.jnj.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2014) 54:2 (133-140). Date of Publication: 
February 2014
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Rd, Chiswell Green Ln, 
Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Antiretrovirals may influence methadone exposure in HIV-1-infected patients 
receiving methadone for opiate addiction. Rilpivirine is a non-nucleoside 
reverse transcriptase inhibitor for treating HIV-1 infection. In this 
open-label trial (NCT00744770), 13 HIV-negative volunteers continued on 
their regular stable methadone therapy (60 to 100 mg once daily; Days -14 to 
12), with rilpivirine coadministration (Days 1 to 11). Methadone and 
rilpivirine pharmacokinetics and opiate withdrawal symptoms (Short Opiate 
Withdrawal Scale, Desires for Drugs Questionnaire, pupillometry) were 
evaluated. Rilpivirine decreased methadone minimum and maximum plasma 
concentrations (Cmin; Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time 
curve versus methadone alone (least-square mean ratio; 90% confidence 
interval) by 22% (0.78; 0.67, 0.91), 14% (0.86; 0.78, 0.95), and 16% (0.84; 
0.74, 0.95), respectively (R-methadone), and 21% (0.79; 0.67, 0.92), 13% 
(0.87; 0.78, 0.97), and 16% (0.84; 0.74, 0.96), respectively (S-methadone). 
Rilpivirine pharmacokinetics with methadone were consistent with historic 
data. No clinically relevant opiate withdrawal symptoms were reported. 
Methadone and rilpivirine coadministration was generally well tolerated. No 
grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, or discontinuations due to AEs 
were seen. No methadone dose adjustment is prompted by rilpivirine 
coadministration. Clinical monitoring for opiate withdrawal is recommended, 
as some patients may require adjustment of methadone maintenance therapy.© 
2013, The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug analysis, drug 
combination, drug comparison, drug concentration, drug dose, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics)
  rilpivirine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug analysis, drug 
combination, drug comparison, drug concentration, drug dose, 
pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alanine aminotransferase (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone treatment
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alanine aminotransferase blood level
  area under the curve
  article
  assessment of humans
  constipation (side effect)
  Desires for Drugs Questionnaire
  diarrhea (side effect)
  dizziness (side effect)
  dose time effect relation
  drug blood level
  drug effect
  drug eruption (side effect)
  drug induced headache (side effect)
  drug monitoring
  drug tolerability
  dry throat (side effect)
  female
  human
  human experiment
  hyperhidrosis (side effect)
  intestine function disorder (side effect)
  maintenance drug dose
  male
  maximum plasma concentration
  middle aged
  monotherapy
  multiple cycle treatment
  nausea (side effect)
  normal human
  open study
  phase 1 clinical trial
  phase 3 clinical trial (topic)
  plasma concentration-time curve
  pupillometry
  recommended drug dose
  Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale
  side effect (side effect)
  single blind procedure
  skin manifestation (side effect)
  time to maximum plasma concentration
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  volunteer
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
  young adult
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (Belgium)Johnson
   (United States)pharmaceutical product development
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alanine aminotransferase (9000-86-6, 9014-30-6)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  rilpivirine (500287-72-9, 700361-47-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBERS
  ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00744770)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014166379
MEDLINE PMID
  24203510 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24203510)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.222
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 149
TITLE
  The state of inpatient psychiatry for youth in Ontario: Results of the 
ONCAIPS benchmarking survey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Greenham S.L.
  Persi J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Greenham S.L., greenham@cheo.on.ca) Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 
Ottawa, ON, Canada.
(Persi J.) North Bay Regional Health Center, Sudbury Campus, Sudbury, ON, 
Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. L. Greenham, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 
Email: greenham@cheo.on.ca
SOURCE
  Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2014) 
23:1 (31-37). Date of Publication: February 2014
ISSN
  1719-8429
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 701-141 Laurier Ave. 
West, Ottawa, Canada.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Little is known about inpatient psychiatry settings and the 
services they provide for children and adolescents in Ontario. This paper 
provides the first broad description of unit characteristics, services 
provided, and patient characteristics in these settings. Method: Nominated 
representatives from Ontario hospitals with generic mental health beds 
(i.e., providing inpatient care across diagnostic groups) for children and 
adolescents were surveyed regarding data from April 2009 to March 2010. 
Response rate was 93%. Additional data were extracted from the Ontario 
Network of Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatry Services (ONCAIPS) 
Directory and Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC) website. 
Results: Settings provided primarily crisis services with some planned 
elective admissions. Higher rates of involuntary admissions, briefer stays, 
lower interdisciplinary diversity, and lower occupancy were typical of 
settings with higher proportions of crisis admissions. Services most 
commonly provided included stabilization, assessment, pharmacotherapy, and 
mental health education. Bed numbers provincially, beds per staff, and 
prominence of suicide risk, mood disorders, and utilization of cognitive and 
behavioural approaches were comparable to trends internationally. 
Intersetting disparities were observed in access to inpatient services for 
different age and diagnostic groups, and availability of psychiatry and 
different professions. Conclusions: Lack of consistent performance and 
outcome evaluation, common measures, availability of psychiatry and 
interdisciplinary supports, and dissimilar treatments provincially, suggest 
the need to consider potential improvements through systematic monitoring of 
setting performance and outcomes, and development of provincial best 
practice standards for staffing and treatment. © 2013 Shire Canada Inc. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  child psychiatry
  hospitalization
  psychiatric department
  quality control
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  anxiety disorder (diagnosis)
  article
  attention deficit disorder (diagnosis)
  behavior disorder (diagnosis)
  drug therapy
  DSM-IV
  eating disorder
  family assessment
  female
  health care quality
  health education
  hospital admission
  hospital bed
  hospital bed capacity
  hospital bed utilization
  hospital management
  hospital personnel
  hospital service
  human
  ICD-10
  intellectual impairment
  length of stay
  male
  mental health
  mood disorder (diagnosis)
  psychosis (diagnosis)
  psychosocial care
  risk assessment
  risk reduction
  substance abuse
  suicidal ideation
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014094643
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 150
TITLE
  Effective and safe drug prescribing - Implementation of a novel teaching 
concept for undergraduate medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Grabowski K.
  Sostmann K.
  Plener J.
  Avila J.
  Harms T.
  Buron S.
  Douros A.
  Kreutz R.
  Peters H.
  Bolbrinker J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Grabowski K.; Douros A.; Kreutz R.; Bolbrinker J.) 
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und 
Toxikologie, Germany.
(Sostmann K.; Plener J.; Avila J.; Harms T.; Buron S.; Peters H.) Charité - 
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dieter Scheffner Fachzentrum F. Medizinische 
Hochschullehre und Evidenzbasierte Ausbildungsforschung, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Grabowski, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Klinische 
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Germany.
SOURCE
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2014) 387 SUPPL. 1 (S44). 
Date of Publication: February 2014
CONFERENCE NAME
  80th Annual Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Experimentelle und 
Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V.
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hannover, Germany
CONFERENCE DATE
  2014-04-01 to 2014-04-03
ISSN
  0028-1298
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Drug prescribing is an essential therapeutic intervention in 
clinical practice but often medical students and junior doctors feel poorly 
prepared for this professional skill. Thus, appropriate teaching concepts 
for safe and effective prescribing need to be implemented in the 
undergraduate medical curriculum. Here we present the design, 
implementation, and evaluation of a web-based practical training tool for 
pharmacological database search and collaborative knowledge management using 
a Wikisystem in a Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics teaching course. 
Methods The course - based on a Blended Learning-concept - was designed as a 
regular course for third-year medical students at the Charité - 
Universitätsmedizin Berlin. An initial facultative eLearning part provided 
an introduction to databases and websites relevant for drug therapy focusing 
on content and navigation. In the following mandatory course students were 
able to focus their practical skills training on solving problems related to 
drug prescribing as presented in a case vignette. Results In summer term 
2013 174 students attended the mandatory course. Of these 78% accessed the 
online-course prior to the mandatory training. 80% of the students (n=85) 
who evaluated the overall course - including facultative online-course and 
mandatory course - rated this teaching concept as “excellent” or “very 
good”. 82% stated that the two parts of the course represented a very 
reasonable complementary teaching approach. Discussion Compared to 
traditional teaching and eLearning approaches the adherence of 78% of the 
students to the online modul shows the need to implement eLearning into a 
Blended Learning scenario. We successfully implemented a curricular teaching 
course in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics focusing on searching and 
handling of reliable pharmacological databases and websites. Web-based 
training provides an opportunity to enhance the students' ability to 
initiate, monitor, and modify pharmacotherapy in an appropriate and 
state-of-the-art fashion for a specific patient. The Blended Learningdesign 
offers the advantage of concentrating on practical skills training under 
teacher guidance during the time of the mandatory course.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  medical student
  prescription
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical pharmacology
  clinical practice
  curriculum
  data base
  drug therapy
  Germany
  knowledge management
  learning
  patient
  physician
  skill
  student
  summer
  teacher
  therapy
  vignette
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-014-0960-x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 151
TITLE
  VTA GABA neurons modulate specific learning behaviors through the control of 
dopamine and cholinergic systems
AUTHOR NAMES
  Creed M.C.
  Ntamati N.R.
  Tan K.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Creed M.C.; Ntamati N.R.; Tan K.R., kelly.tan@unige.ch) Department of Basic 
Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. R. Tan, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 rue 
Michel Servet, CH 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Email: kelly.tan@unige.ch
SOURCE
  Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (2014) 8:JAN Article Number: 8. Date of 
Publication: 22 Jan 2014
ISSN
  1662-5153
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Frontiers Research Foundation, Av. Charles-Ferdinand-Ramuz 43, Pully, 
Switzerland.
ABSTRACT
  The mesolimbic reward system is primarily comprised of the ventral tegmental 
area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as well as their afferent and 
efferent connections. This circuitry is essential for learning about stimuli 
associated with motivationally-relevant outcomes. Moreover, addictive drugs 
affect and remodel this system, which may underlie their addictive 
properties. In addition to dopamine (DA) neurons, the VTA also contains 
approximately 30% γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. The task of signaling 
both rewarding and aversive events from the VTA to the NAc has mostly been 
ascribed to DA neurons and the role of GABA neurons has been largely 
neglected until recently. GABA neurons provide local inhibition of DA 
neurons and also long-range inhibition of projection regions, including the 
NAc. Here we review studies using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo 
electrophysiology, pharmacogenetic and optogenetic manipulations that have 
characterized the functional neuroanatomy of inhibitory circuits in the 
mesolimbic system, and describe how GABA neurons of the VTA regulate reward 
and aversion-related learning. We also discuss pharmacogenetic manipulation 
of this system with benzodiazepines (BDZs), a class of addictive drugs, 
which act directly on GABA(A) receptors located on GABA neurons of the VTA. 
The results gathered with each of these approaches suggest that VTA GABA 
neurons bi-directionally modulate activity of local DA neurons, underlying 
reward or aversion at the behavioral level. Conversely, long-range GABA 
projections from the VTA to the NAc selectively target cholinergic 
interneurons (CINs) to pause their firing and temporarily reduce cholinergic 
tone in the NAc, which modulates associative learning. Further 
characterization of inhibitory circuit function within and beyond the VTA is 
needed in order to fully understand the function of the mesolimbic system 
under normal and pathological conditions. © 2014 Creed, Ntamati and Tan.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 hydroxybutyric acid
  alcohol
  amphetamine
  benzodiazepine derivative
  cocaine
  midazolam
  morphine
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cholinergic system
  dopaminergic system
  GABAergic system
  learning
  neuromodulation
  ventral tegmentum
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aversion
  dopaminergic nerve cell
  drug dependence
  ex vivo study
  human
  in vivo study
  interneuron
  limbic system
  nerve projection
  nonhuman
  nucleus accumbens
  pharmacogenetics
  review
  reward
  state dependent learning
  stimulus response
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  4 hydroxybutyric acid (591-81-1)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  midazolam (59467-70-8)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Human Genetics (22)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014068881
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00008
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 152
TITLE
  Pharmacy students' attitudes about treating patients with alcohol addiction 
after attending a required mutual support group.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Neville M.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Neville M.W.) College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.W. Neville,
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2014) 78:2 (39). Date of 
Publication: 12 Mar 2014
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To implement required attendance at mutual support groups for addiction 
recovery as a pharmacy skills laboratory exercise, and to evaluate how 
attendance affected pharmacy students' attitudes about caring for patients 
with addiction. Third-year (P3) pharmacy students enrolled in a Pharmacy 
Skills Laboratory course were required to watch an introductory video about 
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and then attend 2 "open meetings" during the 
semester. Students submitted a written reflection as proof of attendance. 
Pharmacy students who agreed to participate in the study completed the Short 
Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ) during the 
course orientation and again at the end of the semester. Mutual support 
group attendance significantly affected the students' attitudes within the 
domains of role adequacy, task specific self-esteem, and work satisfaction. 
Significant changes were not observed within the domains of motivation and 
role legitimacy. Mutual support group attendance exposed pharmacy students 
to the negative effects of alcohol abuse and increased their self-confidence 
to provide care to patients with alcohol addiction.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  attitude to health
  empathy
  pharmacy student
  self help
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  alcoholics anonymous
  article
  education
  female
  human
  male
  Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire
  skills laboratory
  substance abuse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24672072 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24672072)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe78239
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 153
TITLE
  Rules and values: a coordinated regulatory and educational approach to the 
public health crises of chronic pain and addiction.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Katzman J.G.
  Comerci G.D.
  Landen M.
  Loring L.
  Jenkusky S.M.
  Arora S.
  Kalishman S.
  Marr L.
  Camarata C.
  Duhigg D.
  Dillow J.
  Koshkin E.
  Taylor D.E.
  Geppert C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Katzman J.G.) Joanna G. Katzman, Cynthia M. A. Geppert, George D. Comerci, 
Sanjeev Arora, Summers Kalishman, Lisa Marr, Chris Camarata, Daniel Duhigg, 
Jennifer Dillow, Eugene Koshkin, and Denise E. Taylor are with the 
University of New Mexico (UNM) Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. Michael 
Landen is with the New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe. Larry Loring 
is with the New Mexico Board of Pharmacy, Albuquerque. Steven M. Jenkusky is 
with the New Mexico Medical Board, Santa Fe.
(Comerci G.D.; Landen M.; Loring L.; Jenkusky S.M.; Arora S.; Kalishman S.; 
Marr L.; Camarata C.; Duhigg D.; Dillow J.; Koshkin E.; Taylor D.E.; Geppert 
C.M.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.G. Katzman,
SOURCE
  American journal of public health (2014) 104:8 (1356-1362). Date of 
Publication: Aug 2014
ISSN
  1541-0048 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Chronic pain and opioid addiction are 2 pressing public health problems, and 
prescribing clinicians often lack the skills necessary to manage these 
conditions. Our study sought to address the benefits of a coalition of an 
academic medical center pain faculty and government agencies in addressing 
the high unintentional overdose death rates in New Mexico. New Mexico's 
2012-2013 mandated chronic pain and addiction education programs studied 
more than 1000 clinicians. Positive changes were noted in precourse and 
postcourse surveys of knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes. Controlled 
substance dispensing data from the New Mexico Board of Pharmacy also 
demonstrated safer prescribing. The total morphine and Valium milligram 
equivalents dispensed have decreased continually since 2011. There was also 
a concomitant decline in total drug overdose deaths.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic analgesic agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain (drug therapy)
  medical education
  opiate addiction (prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  article
  drug overdose (prevention)
  human
  methodology
  prescription
  public health
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24922121 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24922121)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 154
TITLE
  Effectiveness of tobacco education for pharmacy students in Indonesia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kristina S.A.
  Thavorncharoensap M.
  Pongcharoensuk P.
  Montakantikul P.
  Suansanae T.
  Prabandari Y.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kristina S.A.; Thavorncharoensap M.; Pongcharoensuk P.; Montakantikul P.; 
Suansanae T.; Prabandari Y.S.) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail : susikristina@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP (2014) 15:24 
(10783-10786). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1513-7368
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Smoking remains the major preventable cause of death worldwide, 
especially cancer-related death. Evidence clearly indicates that 
tobacco-related morbidity and mortality is reduced by smoking cessation. 
Pharmacists are well-positioned to provide tobacco cessation services an 
involvement of pharmacists in smoking cessation is encouraged by several 
organizations. While Indonesia's prevalence of smoking is in the first rank 
in Asian countries, none of the pharmacy schools in Indonesia are currently 
offering tobacco-related courses in their existing curricula at present. Our 
study aimed to develop and to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco 
education (TE) for pharmacy students in Indonesia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 
6-hour TE was developed and evaluated using pre-test/post-test with control 
group design. A total of 137 fifth-year pharmacy students at Gadjah Mada 
University (GMU), Yogyakarta, were chosen as an intervention group while a 
total of 105 fifth-year students of Islamic University of Indonesia, (UII) 
served as the control group. Knowledge, perceived-role, self-efficacy, and 
ability to perform counseling using the 5A's framework were 
evaluated.RESULTS: A significant improvement (P < 0.001) in knowledge, 
perceived-role, and self-efficacy was found in the intervention group but 
not in the control group. In addition, we revealed that 89.7% of the 
intervention group were able to perform counseling using 5A's.CONCLUSIONS: 
The developed TE significantly improved student knowledge, perceived-rolse, 
self-efficacy, and created an ability to perform cessation counseling. 
Integration of TE education in curricula of Indonesian pharmacy schools 
nation-wide should be encouraged.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  patient education
  pharmacy student
  prevention and control
  self concept
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  case control study
  comparative study
  counseling
  female
  follow up
  human
  Indonesia
  intervention study
  male
  prognosis
  psychology
  smoking
  tobacco dependence (diagnosis, therapy)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  25605176 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25605176)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 155
TITLE
  Pharmacists' training, perceived roles, and actions associated with 
dispensing controlled substance prescriptions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fleming M.L.
  Barner J.C.
  Brown C.M.
  Shepherd M.D.
  Strassels S.A.
  Novak S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fleming M.L., mlflemi2@uh.edu) Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes 
and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 1441 Moursund Street, 
Houston, TX 77030, United States.
(Barner J.C.; Brown C.M.; Shepherd M.D.; Strassels S.A.; Novak S.) Health 
Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, University of 
Texas, Austin, TX, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.L. Fleming, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, 
University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 
77030, United States. Email: mlflemi2@uh.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2014) 54:3 (241-250). Date 
of Publication: May-June 2014
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, InfoCenter@aphanet.org
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: To examine situations that prompt pharmacists to access a 
prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) database and management of 
opioid abuse/addiction; assess pharmacists' actions when abuse is suspected; 
and describe pharmacists' tasks when dispensing controlled substance 
prescriptions (CSPs) and their related continuing pharmacy education (CPE). 
Design: Cross-sectional mail survey of 1,000 randomly selected pharmacists. 
Setting: Texas from February 2012 to April 2012. Participants: 1,000 Texas 
community pharmacists. Intervention: Mail survey instrument. Main outcome 
measures: Prompts to use a PDMP and pharmacists' views, actions, and related 
CPE programs Results: The usable response rate was 26.2%. Pharmacists were 
more supportive of mandated PDMP use by physicians than by pharmacists (mean 
± SD 4.1 ± 1.2 versus 3.2 ± 1.5; P <0.001), based on a 5-point Likert scale 
(1, strongly disagree, to 5, strongly agree). Most pharmacists would be 
prompted to use a PDMP if the prescription contains mistakes (68.1%) or the 
patient requests an early refill (66.3%). Bivariate statistics showed that 
men pharmacists, those with BSPharm degrees, and pharmacists ≥50 years of 
age reported a greater number of CPE hours related to prescription opioid 
abuse and pain management. An analysis of variance showed that pharmacy 
owners reported significantly more (P <0.05) CPE compared with manager and 
staff pharmacists. Conclusion: Older pharmacists with a BSPharm degree may 
be more willing to provide counseling to patients with opioid addiction 
based on their work experience and additional CPE related to controlled 
substances. As PDMP use becomes more prevalent, pharmacists should be 
prepared to interact and counsel patients identified with aberrant 
controlled prescription drug use and properly deliver pain management care. 
Additionally, schools of pharmacy curricula must prepare new pharmacists to 
prevent abuse and diversion, as well as intervene when aberrant use is 
identified.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  controlled substance
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  controlled substance prescription
  drug surveillance program
  pharmacist attitude
  prescription
  prescription drug monitoring program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  analgesia
  article
  continuing education
  continuing pharmacy education
  female
  human
  law enforcement
  male
  opiate addiction
  physician
  prescription drug diversion
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014365783
MEDLINE PMID
  24816350 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816350)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13168
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 156
TITLE
  Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of persian oak (Quercus brantii) in 
experimentally gastric ulcer
AUTHOR NAMES
  Azizi S.
  Pirbalouti A.G.
  Amirmohammadi M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Azizi S., azizi@uk.ac.ir) Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Bahonar 
University of Kerman, Kermn, Iran.
(Pirbalouti A.G.) Department of Medicinal Plants, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic 
Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
(Pirbalouti A.G.) Collage of Natural Science, University of Massachusetts, 
Amherst, MA, 1003, United States.
(Amirmohammadi M.) Young Research Club, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft 
Branch, Kerman, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Azizi, Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 
Kermn, Iran. Email: azizi@uk.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2014) 13:3 (967-974). Date of 
Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1726-6890 (electronic)
  1735-0328
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, info@ijpr-online.com
ABSTRACT
  Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) belongs the family Fagaceae, is a 
medicinal plant which seed flour is used to treat inflammatory and gastric 
ulcers by the tribes in south western Iran. The current study was done to 
evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Q. brantii seed flour for 
treatment of gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in Wistar rats. The 
hydro-alcoholic extract of Q. brantii was tested orally at doses of 250, 
500, and 1000 mg/Kg, control group and standard drug (omperazole) on 
experimentally gastric ulceration. At the 3, 6, 9, and 14(th) days, ulcer 
index in mm(2) and histopathological findings were evaluated. Results 
indicated the size of ulcers significantly reduced at 9, and 14 days after 
of Q. brantii extract treatment. Curative effect in the hydro-alcoholic 
induced gastric damage was 100% at 1000 mg/Kg and omeprazole, 99.8% at 500 
mg/Kg, and 95.4% at 250 mg/Kg after 14 days. Results of histopathological 
investigation showed the thickness of ulcerated mucosa was similar to the 
normal mucosa with 1000 mg/Kg of Q. brantii hydro-alcoholic extract after 14 
days but in the groups treated by 250, and 500 mg/Kg, superficial erosions 
were visible in the central portion of the healed ulcers. In conclusion, the 
hydro-alcoholic extract of Q. brantii had active components (tannin = 8.2%) 
that accelerates ulcer healing and thus supported its traditional use. © 
2014 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 
and Health Services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  plant extract (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration)
  Quercus brantii extract (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, 
oral drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  omeprazole (drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  stomach ulcer (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  animal tissue
  article
  bleeding
  controlled study
  disease severity
  drug dose comparison
  Fagaceae
  histopathology
  hyperemia
  immunohistochemistry
  lymphocytic infiltration
  male
  medicinal plant
  nonhuman
  Quercus brantii
  rat
  stomach injury
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  omeprazole (73590-58-6, 95510-70-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014513363
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 157
TITLE
  A survey of pharmacy experiential learning in substance dependence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kim D.
  DiPaula B.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kim D., dongmi@fdu.edu) School of Pharmacy, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 
Florham Park, NJ, United States.
(DiPaula B.A.) Springfield Hospital Center, Sykesville, MD, United States.
(DiPaula B.A.) School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Kim, School of Pharmacy, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 230 Park Ave, 
M-SP1-01, Florham Park, NJ 07932, United States. Email: dongmi@fdu.edu
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2014) 6:1 (58-68). Date of 
Publication: January 2014
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The role of pharmacists in managing patients with substance use 
disorders has expanded, since the passage of the Drug Addiction Treatment 
Act of 2000. However, pharmacy experiential education in substance 
dependence has never been systematically assessed. Methods: An online survey 
was administered to the administrators of experiential education in all 
American Council of Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE)-accredited schools of 
pharmacy. Results: Of 73 schools that responded (79.3% response rate), ten 
(13.7%) offered a sole-standing substance dependence experiential education 
opportunity and two (2.7%) included substance dependence experiential 
learning as part of their curricular requirement. The greatest barriers to 
substance dependence experiential learning were lack of preceptors and 
qualified sites. Conclusion: The extent of pharmacy experiential education 
in substance dependence is limited and variable. Further research is 
necessary to determine whether overcoming identified barriers would increase 
the availability of substance dependence experiential learning offerings. © 
2013 Elsevier Inc.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  experiential learning
  pharmacy
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health survey
  human
  interview
  paramedical education
  priority journal
  staff training
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014038428
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2013.09.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 158
TITLE
  An evaluation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health 
education in pharmacy school curricula
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mandap M.
  Carrillo S.
  Youmans S.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mandap M.) Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, United States.
(Carrillo S.) Department of Pharmacy Services, Highland Hospital, Oakland, 
United States.
(Youmans S.L., youmanss@pharmacy.ucsf.edu) University of California, San 
Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.L. Youmans, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, 521 
Parnassus Avenue, C-152, San Francisco, United States.
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2014) 6:6 (752-758). Date of 
Publication: 1 Nov 2014
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., usjcs@elsevier.com
ABSTRACT
  Background: The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community has 
increased health risks, including higher rates of certain cancers, 
depression, tobacco use, and substance abuse. These individuals are less 
likely to seek medical treatment and have higher rates of dissatisfaction 
with the health care system. It is unclear to what extent pharmacy school 
curricula prepare students to provide quality care to this population. 
Objective: The objective of this study is to describe to what extent LGBT 
health content is integrated in the pharmacy curricula. Methods: Between 
November 2011 and January 2012, curriculum Deans (or equivalent) from 
schools of pharmacy throughout the US were invited to complete a 14-item 
questionnaire to report the amount of LGBT health content taught in their 
respective schools. Results: A total of 28 schools (. n = 125, 22%) 
responded. Of the 28 respondents, 43% reported having LGBT content in the 
required curriculum, with 39% reporting one to three hours and 4% reporting 
four to ten hours. The topics most frequently taught by schools were human 
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in LGBT people (71%) and sexually transmitted 
infections (non-HIV) (46%). Faculty development for teaching LGBT health 
content was provided by 18% of schools. The coverage of LGBT content was 
rated as "good" or "very good" by 14% and "very poor" by 32% of respondents. 
Conclusions: A review of how the schools of pharmacy curricula include LBGT 
health content is needed. We suggest strategies and resources that may help 
prepare faculty to teach LGBT health content and assist curriculum 
committees to integrate this material into the pharmacy curricula.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education program
  health education
  LGBT people
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  evaluation study
  health care quality
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection
  questionnaire
  sexually transmitted disease
  teaching
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014871262
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2014.08.001
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 159
TITLE
  Alcohol use behaviors among pharmacy students.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Oliver W.
  McGuffey G.
  Westrick S.C.
  Jungnickel P.W.
  Correia C.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Oliver W.; McGuffey G.; Westrick S.C.; Jungnickel P.W.) Harrison School of 
Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
(Correia C.J.) Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W. Oliver,
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2014) 78:2 (30). Date of 
Publication: 12 Mar 2014
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To identify reasons for drinking, determine the patterns of alcohol abuse, 
and explore relationships between drinking motives and alcohol abuse 
patterns in pharmacy students. A cross-sectional anonymous, voluntary, 
self-administered paper survey instrument was administered to first-year 
(P1) through third-year (P3) pharmacy students as part of a professional 
seminar. Survey instruments were completed by 349 pharmacy students (95.9% 
cooperation rate). Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test 
criteria, 23.2% of students reported hazardous or harmful use and 67.2% of 
students reported consuming alcohol at hazardous levels during the past 
year. Students who were male (37.0%), single (25.3%), and attended the main 
campus (26.2%) were more likely than their counterparts to report hazardous 
or harmful alcohol use. Pharmacy students reported social motives as the 
most common reason for drinking; however, coping and enhancement motives 
were more predictive of harmful or hazardous alcohol use. Approximately 1 in 
4 pharmacy students (23%) reported hazardous or harmful alcohol use. 
Education about the dangers of alcohol abuse and intervention programs from 
colleges and schools of pharmacy are recommended to help address this issue.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol derivative (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (epidemiology)
  drinking behavior (epidemiology)
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcohol abuse
  article
  cross-sectional study
  drinking
  female
  human
  male
  Pharmacy students
  statistics
  substance abuse
  young adult
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24672063 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24672063)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe78230
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 160
TITLE
  Abuse potential, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of 
intranasally administered crushed oxycodone HCl abuse-deterrent 
controlled-release tablets in recreational opioid users
AUTHOR NAMES
  Harris S.C.
  Perrino P.J.
  Smith I.
  Shram M.J.
  Colucci S.V.
  Bartlett C.
  Sellers E.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Harris S.C., stephen.harris@pharma.com; Perrino P.J.; Colucci S.V.) Purdue 
Pharma L.P., One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901, United States.
(Smith I.; Bartlett C.) INC Research Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Shram M.J.) Altreos Research Partners, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Sellers E.M.) DL Global Partners, Toronto, ON, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.C. Harris, Purdue Pharma L.P., One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901, 
United States. Email: stephen.harris@pharma.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2014) 54:4 (468-477). Date of Publication: 
April 2014
ISSN
  1552-4604 (electronic)
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., claims@sagepub.com
ABSTRACT
  The objective of this study was to evaluate abuse potential, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of intranasally administered, 
crushed reformulated OxyContin® (oxycodone HCl controlled-release) tablets 
(ORF), relative to crushed original OxyContin® (OC), oxycodone powder (Oxy 
API), and OC placebo. This randomized, double-blind, positive- and 
placebo-controlled crossover study enrolled healthy, adult, nonphysically 
dependent recreational opioid users with recent history of intranasal drug 
abuse (N = 27). Active treatments contained oxycodone (30 mg). 
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (e.g., Overall Drug Liking [ODL], Take 
Drug Again [TDA], and High Visual Analog Scales [VAS]; Subjective Drug Value 
[SDV]; pupillometry; intranasal irritation), and safety (e.g., adverse 
events, vital signs, laboratory tests) were assessed to 24 hours postdose. 
Crushed ORF administration yielded reduced oxycodone C(max) and increased 
T(max) versus crushed OC and Oxy API. Peak effects for pharmacodynamic 
measures were delayed with ORF (1-2 hours) versus OC and Oxy API (0.5-1 
hour). ODL, TDA, High VAS, and SDV E(max) values were significantly lower (P 
≤ .05) and some intranasal irritation ratings were greater for ORF versus OC 
and Oxy API. No significant or unexpected safety findings were observed. 
Compared with OC and Oxy API, intranasally administered ORF was associated 
with lower and delayed peak plasma concentrations, decreased drug-liking, 
and decreased intranasal tolerability. This suggests that ORF has a 
decreased potential for intranasal oxycodone abuse. There were no 
significant or unexpected safety findings. As is true for all abuse 
potential studies, epidemiological or other appropriate post-marketing 
studies are required to assess the impact of the reduction in intranasal 
oxycodone abuse potential observed in the present study on real-world 
patterns of ORF misuse, abuse, and diversion. © 2013 The Authors. The 
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on 
behalf of The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  oxycodone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, intranasal drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  placebo
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  controlled drug release
  controlled study
  crossover procedure
  dizziness (side effect)
  double blind procedure
  drug formulation
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
  dry powder
  epistaxis (side effect)
  fatigue (side effect)
  female
  headache (side effect)
  human
  human experiment
  male
  maximum plasma concentration
  middle aged
  normal human
  nose obstruction (side effect)
  opiate addiction
  pruritus (side effect)
  randomized controlled trial
  somnolence (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
  xerostomia (side effect)
  young adult
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  oxycontin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014258525
MEDLINE PMID
  24243216 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24243216)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.235
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 161
TITLE
  Sodium oxybate: A primer for pharmacists in the treatment off narcolepsy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Castillo S.
  Begley K.
  Malesker M.
  Steinshouer C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Castillo S., shanacastillo@creighton.edu; Begley K.; Malesker M.) Creighton 
University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Brandeis Lab., 2500 
California Plaza, Omaha, United States.
(Steinshouer C.) University of Kansas, School of Medicine, Kansas City, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Castillo, Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health 
Professions, Brandeis Lab., 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, United States.
SOURCE
  Consultant Pharmacist (2014) 29:8 (547-554). Date of Publication: 1 Aug 2014
ISSN
  0888-5109
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, 1321 Duke Street, Alexandria, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to describe a 57-year-old man who 
was admitted to a nursing facility for physical therapy. His home medication 
list included sodium oxybate. This article will provide the pharmacist with 
a therapeutic overview of sodium oxybate as well as review the unique 
processes involved with drug acquisition, dosing, patient education, and 
monitoring. SETTING: Community pharmacy, nursing facility pharmacy, 
consultant pharmacy practice. PRACTICE CONSIDERATIONS: Sodium oxybate is the 
only medication in the United States that has approval for both treatment of 
cataplexy in narcolepsy and treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in 
narcolepsy. Sodium oxybate has many unique properties that cause it to 
differ from past therapies for cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness 
associated with narcolepsy. CONCLUSION: It is important for pharmacists to 
understand the therapeutic uses of sodium oxybate and to review the 
processes for acquisition, dosing, and administration to better assist 
physicians and patients and improve therapeutic outcomes.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  oxybate sodium (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug dose, drug 
therapy, oral drug administration, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (oral drug administration)
  benazepril (oral drug administration)
  fenofibric acid (oral drug administration)
  gabapentin (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  insulin glargine (subcutaneous drug administration)
  metformin (oral drug administration)
  oxycodone (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  paracetamol (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  pioglitazone (oral drug administration)
  rosuvastatin (oral drug administration)
  tamsulosin (oral drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcolepsy (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abnormal behavior (side effect)
  adult
  anxiety disorder (side effect)
  article
  bedtime dosage
  case report
  cataplexy
  chronic pain (drug therapy)
  confusion (side effect)
  daytime somnolence
  disease association
  dizziness (side effect)
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  drug efficacy
  drug induced headache (side effect)
  drug labeling
  drug mechanism
  drug safety
  human
  insomnia (side effect)
  male
  middle aged
  myalgia (drug therapy)
  nausea (side effect)
  off label drug use
  pain (drug therapy)
  somnolence (side effect)
  tremor (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  benazepril (86541-75-5)
  fenofibric acid (26129-32-8, 42017-89-0)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
  insulin glargine (160337-95-1)
  metformin (1115-70-4, 657-24-9)
  oxybate sodium (502-85-2)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  pioglitazone (105355-27-9, 111025-46-8)
  rosuvastatin (147098-18-8, 147098-20-2)
  tamsulosin (106133-20-4, 106138-88-9, 106463-17-6, 80223-99-0, 94666-07-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015968011
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2014.547
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 162
TITLE
  Community pharmacists’ knowledge of diabetes management during Ramadan in 
Egypt
AUTHOR NAMES
  Amin M.E.K.
  Chewning B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Amin M.E.K., mohamedezzat21@gmail.com) Joseph Wiederholt Wisconsin 
Distinguished Graduate Fellow, School of Pharmacy, University of 
Wisconsin-Madison, 2503 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, United 
States.
(Chewning B.) Sonderegger Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of 
Wisconsin-Madison, 2523 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.E.K. Amin, Joseph Wiederholt Wisconsin Distinguished Graduate Fellow, 
School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2503 Rennebohm Hall, 
777 Highland Avenue, Madison, United States.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2014) 36:6 (1213-1221). Date of 
Publication: 2014
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Background Although Muslim diabetic patients may be aware of their religious 
exemption from fasting, many still fast and adjust their medication regimens 
accordingly. Pharmacists have a significant potential to identify and 
prevent harm from medication misuse in Ramadan. Objectives This study 
examines Egyptian pharmacists’ knowledge regarding management of diabetes 
during Ramadan. It also explores pharmacists’ willingness to attend a 1 day 
workshop on medication regimen adjustment during Ramadan. Setting Community 
pharmacies throughout Alexandria, Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional study 
using a pretested self-administered survey was conducted among a random 
sample of community pharmacists. The survey included three knowledge 
questions relevant to counseling diabetic patients during Ramadan. Questions 
covered the recommended timing and dosing for metformin and insulin as well 
as the safe blood glucose range required for diabetic patients to safely 
continue their fast. Using logistic regression, a model was estimated to 
predict pharmacists’ willingness to attend a workshop on the adjustment of 
medication regimens during Ramadan. Content analysis was used to analyze 
pharmacists’ answers to the question concerning what they would like the 
workshop to cover. Main outcome measure Pharmacists’ aggregate scores for 
all three diabetes management knowledge questions and pharmacists’ 
willingness to attend a workshop on the adjustment of medication regimens 
during Ramadan. Results Ninety three percent of the 298 approached 
pharmacists agreed to participate. Forty three pharmacists (15.9 %) did not 
know the correct answer to any question, 118(43.7 %) 24 answered one 
correctly, 86 (31.9 %) answered two correctly and only 23 (8.5 %) answered 
all 25 three correctly. Confidence in therapeutic knowledge regarding 
medication regimen 26 adjustment during Ramadan was not associated with the 
pharmacists’ knowledge of diabetes management during Ramadan. One hundred 
seventy five (63.6 %) pharmacists wanted to attend a workshop on adjusting 
medication regimens during Ramadan. This was significantly associated with 
pharmacists being Muslim (OR 3.52, CI 1.70–7.27) and of younger age (OR 
30 = 0.98, CI 0.96–0.99978). Pharmacists offered specific content and 
communication process 31 suggestions for the workshop content. Conclusion 
This study identifies variability among community pharmacists’ knowledge of 
diabetes management during Ramadan. It also shows willingness among the 
majority of pharmacists to learn more about the topic
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  glucose (endogenous compound)
  insulin (drug therapy)
  metformin (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diabetes mellitus (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  pharmacist attitude
  professional knowledge
  religion
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  Christian
  continuing education
  cross-sectional study
  descriptive research
  diabetic patient
  diet restriction
  drug misuse
  Egypt
  Egyptian
  evidence based practice
  female
  glucose blood level
  health survey
  human
  male
  Muslim
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  practice guideline
  priority journal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  glucose (50-99-7, 84778-64-3)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  metformin (1115-70-4, 657-24-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Internal Medicine (6)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014878030
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-0019-6
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 163
TITLE
  Prevalence of self-reported nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in 
north carolina doctor of pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Volger E.J.
  McLendon A.N.
  Fuller S.H.
  Herring C.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Volger E.J., evolger@su.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shenandoah 
University, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, 1775 North Sector Court, 
Winchester, VA 22601, United States.
(McLendon A.N.; Fuller S.H.; Herring C.T.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
Campbell University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, 
NC, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.J. Volger, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shenandoah University, Bernard 
J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, 1775 North Sector Court, Winchester, VA 22601, 
United States. Email: evolger@su.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2014) 27:2 (158-168). Date of Publication: 
April 2014
ISSN
  1531-1937 (electronic)
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., claims@sagepub.com
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and opinions 
regarding nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) in Doctor of 
Pharmacy (PharmD) students. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to 
professional year 1 through 4 for students at 2 schools of pharmacy (public 
and private) in North Carolina. The survey was available for 3 weeks. 
Descriptive statistics (proportion of responders plus 95% confidence 
intervals [CIs]) were used to describe the primary objective. Results: Of 
the 1043 surveys distributed, 407 were completed giving a 39% response rate. 
The results indicated that 9% (95% CI: 6.44-11.93) of PharmD students 
acknowledge NMUPS at least once during their pharmacy education. 
Additionally, 3% (95% CI: 1.90-5.45) acknowledge NMUPS at least once during 
the current pharmacy school year (past 5 months). Nonmedical prescription 
stimulant users were 9 times more likely to participate in NMUPS prior to 
pharmacy school (P < .0001) and 4.5 times more likely to use other illicit 
substances (P = .0076). Conclusion: The study identified the PharmD student 
population as high risk of abuse of prescription drug stimulants, which 
requires further research and attention. Additionally, there was a clear 
upward trend in the prevalence of NMUPS, and this misuse was associated with 
other detrimental behaviors. © The Author(s) 2013.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  central stimulant agent (pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  drug abuse
  drug use
  female
  human
  human experiment
  male
  normal human
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  physician
  prevalence
  self report
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014278378
MEDLINE PMID
  24310525 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24310525)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013508139
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 164
TITLE
  Impact of medication and psychological behaviour assessment by community 
pharmacists in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after hospital stay
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gangwar S.S.
  Monisha N.
  Nachiya J.
  Parimalakrishnan S.
  Narasingarao K.
  Singh S.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gangwar S.S.) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GSVM Medical College, 
Kanpur, India.
(Monisha N.; Nachiya J.; Parimalakrishnan S., gsvmssgangwar@rediffmail.com) 
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India.
(Narasingarao K.) Andhra Yuvathi Mandali, School of Pharmacy, Barkatpura, 
Hyderabad, India.
(Singh S.P.) Department of Pharmacology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, 
India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Parimalakrishnan, Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai 
Nagar, India.
SOURCE
  African Health Sciences (2014) 14:3 (539-550). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1680-6905
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Makerere University, Medical School, pic@infocom.co.ug
ABSTRACT
  Drug related problem (DRPs) is a key factor which will affect the outcome of 
therapy and safety. The aim of the present study is to assess the DRPs in 
T2DM patients and psychological aspects of patients by community pharmacists 
to observe the rate of DRP. Prospective randomized controlled intervention 
study involved T2DM patients and conducted in two community pharmacies at 
Kanpur from January 2012 to December 2012. The assessment of DRPs was based 
on the PCNE. Changes in HBA<inf>1C</inf>, LDL, BP, foot examinations, 
changes medical and medication utilization were studied. Using as control 
group, received usual care, and interventional group provided, intervened 
with use of the STG. Researcher provided the knowledge to community 
pharmacists and patients. Baseline and interventional data were collected at 
0,3,6,9 and 12 months. Over 12 month study, participants’ average 
HBA<inf>1C</inf> reduced from 8.9% at initial visit to 7.5%. During this 
time, the eye examination rate was raised from 31% to 48%, and the foot 
examination rate was raised from 35% to 50%. It may be concluded that the 
intervention of pharmacists showed very less significant influence on any of 
the intermediate health outcomes in T2DM.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  hemoglobin A1c (endogenous compound)
  low density lipoprotein (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diabetic patient
  drug induced disease (prevention)
  medication compliance
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (therapy)
  patient education
  pharmacist
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  blood pressure
  comorbidity
  controlled study
  diabetic foot
  drug indication
  eye examination
  female
  foot examination
  health care utilization
  hemoglobin blood level
  hospitalization
  human
  incidence
  India
  lipoprotein blood level
  major clinical study
  male
  musculoskeletal system examination
  outcome assessment
  physical examination
  professional knowledge
  prospective study
  randomized controlled trial
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  hemoglobin A1c (62572-11-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Endocrinology (3)
  Internal Medicine (6)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014793658
MEDLINE PMID
  25352870 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25352870)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v14i3.7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 165
TITLE
  Exploring the potential impact of hospital ward-based pharmacy interns on 
drug safety
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schorr S.G.
  Eickhoff C.
  Feldt S.
  Hohmann C.
  Schulz M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schorr S.G.; Eickhoff C.; Feldt S.; Schulz M., schulz@em.uni-frankfurt.de) 
Department of Medicine, ABDA - Federal Union of German Associations of 
Pharmacists, Berlin, Germany.
(Hohmann C.) Department of Pharmacy, Klinikum Fulda GAG, Fulda, Germany.
(Schulz M., schulz@em.uni-frankfurt.de) Department of Pharmacology, 
Goethe-University Frankfurt, Biocenter Niederursel, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Schulz, Department of Medicine, ABDA - Federal Union of German 
Associations of Pharmacists, Berlin, Germany. Email: 
schulz@em.uni-frankfurt.de
SOURCE
  Pharmazie (2014) 69:4 (316-320). Date of Publication: April 2014
ISSN
  0031-7144
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Govi-Verlag Pharmazeutischer Verlag GmbH
ABSTRACT
  Clinical pharmacists play an important role in improving drug safety on 
hospital wards. However, little is known about the impact of pharmacy 
interns. The objective of our study was, therefore, to investigate the 
impact of hospital ward-based pharmacy interns on drug safety. This study 
was conducted as part of the project "P-STAT 2: Pharmacy interns on the 
ward" on 14 surgical wards in seven hospitals in Germany and a total of 27 
pharmacy interns participated. All patients admitted to the participating 
wards from 1st June 2008 until 31st October 2008 and from 1st December 2008 
till 30th April 2009 were included. The pharmacy interns were involved in 
medication reconciliation, and identifying, resolving, and preventing 
drug-related problems (DRPs) using the classification system APS-Doc. A 
total of 6,551 patients were included. Patients received on average (± SD) 
4.4±3.9 drugs. The pharmacy interns detected a total of 4,085 DRPs and on 
average 0.6±1.2 DRPs per patient. Most frequently detected DRPs were 
potential drug-drug interactions (n=591, 14%), missing drug strength, when 
different strengths were available (n=373, 9%), and incomplete medication 
record (n=296, 7%). The pharmacy interns conducted an intervention for 98% 
(n=4,011) of all DRPs. According to their documentation, 74% of the DRPs 
(n=3,038) were solved. Drugs which were most often related with DRPs were 
simvastatin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen. This is the very first study 
exploring the potential impact of pharmacy interns on drug safety on 
surgical wards in Europe. Pharmacy interns can play an important role to 
improve drug safety on hospital wards.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid
  diclofenac
  ibuprofen
  levothyroxine
  metformin
  metoprolol
  ramipril
  simvastatin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug safety
  medical education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  female
  health care cost
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical documentation
  medication therapy management
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
  thrombosis prevention
  ward
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  diclofenac (15307-79-6, 15307-86-5)
  ibuprofen (15687-27-1, 79261-49-7, 31121-93-4, 527688-20-6)
  levothyroxine (51-48-9)
  metformin (1115-70-4, 657-24-9)
  metoprolol (37350-58-6)
  ramipril (87333-19-5)
  simvastatin (79902-63-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014271707
MEDLINE PMID
  24791599 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24791599)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1691/ph.2014.3848
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 166
TITLE
  Nonpsychiatric medication interventions initiated by a postgraduate year 2 
psychiatric pharmacy resident in a patient-centered medical home
AUTHOR NAMES
  Williams A.M.
  Dopheide J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Williams A.M.; Dopheide J.A., dopheide@usc.edu) University of Southern 
California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, United States.
(Dopheide J.A., dopheide@usc.edu) University of Southern California Keck 
School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.A. Dopheide, BCPP, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, United States.
SOURCE
  Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (2014) 16:6. 
Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1555-211X (electronic)
  1523-5998
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Physicians Postgraduate Press Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Studies have demonstrated the benefits of incorporating 
comprehensive medication management into primary care, but no study 
describes the types of nonpsychiatric medication–related interventions 
provided by a psychiatric pharmacist while providing comprehensive 
medication management. Method: A chart review of Center for Community Health 
patients enrolled in the University of Southern California Psychiatric 
Pharmacy Clinic, Los Angeles, between July 1, 2013, and January 10, 2014, 
was conducted. Progress notes were reviewed to collect medication 
recommendations and interventions. The number and types of interventions 
were compared between groups based on substance abuse history, comorbid 
medical conditions, number of psychiatric diagnoses, and number of 
medications. An anonymous survey was distributed to primary care providers 
(PCPs) regarding perceptions and attitudes toward a postgraduate year 2 
psychiatric pharmacy resident’s interventions pertaining to nonpsychiatric 
medications. Results: 177 nonpsychiatric medication interventions were 
documented. Fifty interventions required PCP approval, and 45% of those were 
accepted. Having a diagnosis of diabetes (P<.0001), hypertension (P<.0001), 
gastroesophageal reflux disease (P<.0001), ≥ 9 medications (P<.0001), or ≥ 5 
medical diagnoses (P<.0001) were all associated with an increased mean 
number of interventions. Of the PCPs, 66% viewed the psychiatric pharmacist 
as a resource for addressing medical interventions by providing drug 
information. The PCPs were agreeable to having a psychiatric pharmacist 
provide drug information and monitor the patient but reported mixed opinions 
on whether a psychiatric pharmacist should comanage nonpsychiatric 
conditions. Conclusions: Psychiatric pharmacists can successfully 
collaborate with PCPs in primary care clinics to provide comprehensive 
medication management that optimizes pharmacotherapy for patients with 
medical and psychiatric conditions. Continued efforts are needed to promote 
interdisciplinary approaches to provide comprehensive medication management 
services for patients with both psychiatric and medical disorders.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  early intervention
  patient care
  postgraduate student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical article
  clinical practice
  comorbidity
  diabetes mellitus
  disease association
  drug information
  gastroesophageal reflux
  general practitioner
  human
  hypertension
  Likert scale
  medication therapy management
  pharmacy student
  questionnaire
  substance abuse
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015449962
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/PCC.14m01680
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 167
TITLE
  Interprofessional pharmacy observation activity for third-year dental 
students.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Conway S.E.
  Smith W.J.
  Truong T.H.
  Shadid J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Conway S.E., susan-conway@ouhsc.edu; Smith W.J.; Truong T.H.; Shadid J.) 
Dr. Conway is Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy: Clinical and 
Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; Dr. 
Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.E. Conway, Email: susan-conway@ouhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of dental education (2014) 78:9 (1313-1318). Date of Publication: 
Sep 2014
ISSN
  1930-7837 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Interprofessional learning is a key component of today's health sciences 
education. Within a two-course series in dental pharmacology and 
therapeutics, a dental curriculum was revised to provide an 
interprofessional activity to expose dental students to a community pharmacy 
setting. The objectives of this activity were to augment students' learning 
about drug laws and prescription writing, as well as to foster 
interprofessional relationships and collaboration between pharmacists and 
dentists. Dental students were scheduled for one-hour observations at 
community pharmacies on campus. Learning objectives to guide this activity 
focused on demonstrating community pharmacy operating procedures, 
identifying ways to minimize prescribing and dosing errors, and 
understanding how pharmacists can assist dentists in prescribing. Following 
the observation, students were required to submit a written assignment, 
which accounted for 14 percent of their course grade. All 119 dental 
students (100 percent) enrolled in the course for the summers of 2012 and 
2013 completed the activity. The average grade on the written assignment was 
96.2 out of 100. At the end of the course, students were asked to 
participate in an online course evaluation survey, for which response rates 
were 37 percent and 43 percent for 2012 and 2013, respectively. The students 
rated the pharmacy observation activity favorably on this course evaluation. 
The pharmacy observation activity provided a successful interprofessional 
component to the didactic pharmacy course and was well received by the 
dental students as well as the community pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dental education
  dental student
  education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cooperation
  dental pharmacology
  drug control
  drug dosage form
  feedback system
  human
  interprofessional education
  interprofessional learning
  medication error (prevention)
  medicinal chemistry
  methodology
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  Prescribing
  prescription
  prescription drug diversion (prevention)
  public relations
  teaching
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  25179928 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25179928)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 168
TITLE
  Shallominthe active antimicrobial constituent of persian shallot in 
treatment of oral herpes: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pipelzadeh M.H.
  Amin M.
  Khozani A.S.
  Radmanesh M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pipelzadeh M.H.) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Centre, 
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Amin M., mnsamin@yahoo.com; Khozani A.S.) Department of Microbiology, 
Infection and Tropical Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz 
Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Radmanesh M.) Department of Dermatology, Laser Research Center, Ahvaz 
Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Amin, Department of Microbiology, Infection and Tropical Diseases 
Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical 
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Email: mnsamin@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products (2014) 9:3 Article 
Number: e17372. Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  2228-7876 (electronic)
  1735-7780
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 61357-33184, Ahvaz, 
Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Previous studies showed that shallomin, the active antimicrobial 
constituent of Persian shallot, has a wide range of antibacterial and 
antifungal properties. Objectives: The objective of this randomized clinical 
trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical shallomin alcoholic 
solution in treatment of cold sore. Patients and Methods: A total of 60 
volunteers who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to two 
equal groups to hourly apply topical of either 0.5% shallomin alcoholic 
solution or placebo within the first 24 hours of developing cold sores. All 
the cases were reassessed at six-hour intervals. Results: The cold sores 
were cleared within six hours among 30% of cases who received shallomin 
solution and the remaining of the cases in this group were cleared between 
6six to 24 hours of application. In the placebo group, clearance of the 
sores occurred in four cases between 48 to 72 hours and the remaining of 
cases were cleared after 72 hours. Conclusions: The results of this study 
demonstrated that shallomin is a useful natural remedy in preventing the 
progression and treatment of cold sores and can significantly reduce the 
duration of ulceration. © 2014, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur 
University of Medical Sciences.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antivirus agent (clinical trial, drug therapy, topical drug administration)
  shallomin (clinical trial, drug therapy, topical drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  placebo
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  herpes labialis (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Allium
  Allium hirtifolium
  antiviral activity
  article
  controlled study
  double blind procedure
  drug efficacy
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  randomized controlled trial
  treatment duration
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Obstetrics and Gynecology (10)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014518276
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 169
TITLE
  Inhibitory effect of Berberis vulgaris aqueous extract on acquisition and 
reinstatement effects of morphine in conditioned place preferences (CPP) in 
mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Imenshahidi M.
  Qaredashi R.
  Hashemzaei M.
  Hosseinzadeh H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Imenshahidi M.) Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical 
Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 
Mashhad, Iran.
(Qaredashi R.) Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of 
Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
(Hashemzaei M.) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of 
Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
(Hosseinzadeh H., hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir) Pharmaceutical Research Center, 
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Hosseinzadeh, Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad 
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email: 
hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products (2014) 9:3 Article 
Number: e16145. Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  2228-7876 (electronic)
  1735-7780
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 61357-33184, Ahvaz, 
Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Background: It has been elucidated that Berberis vulgaris (barberry) can 
alleviate morphine withdrawal syndrome. Also it has been reported that 
aqueous extract of barberry possibly have inhibitory effect on NMDA 
receptors. Objectives: In this study, we decided to evaluate the effects of 
aqueous extract of B. vulgaris fruit on morphine tendency in mice using 
conditioned place preference (CPP) method. Materials and Methods: In 
experiment 1 (acquisition phase), mice underwent morphine-induced 
conditioned place preference (CPP) training with injections of morphine (40 
mg/kg). In experiment 2 (extinction and reinstatement phases), mice 
underwent the same CPP training as in experiment 1 and subsequent extinction 
training on day 16th a reinstatement by CPP was done by injection of 
reminding 10 mg/kg morphine. Results: The administration of morphine (40 
mg/kg for four days) produced place preference. In the first method, the 
aqueous extract of barberry (200 mg/kg) prevented morphine tendency to white 
cell in CPP method. In the second method, after inter-peritoneal injection 
of aqueous extracts of barberry at 100 and 200 mg/kg, the animals tendency 
toward the white cells of CPP chamber on the sixteenth day (after a reminder 
injection of morphine 10 mg/kg) was significantly reduced. Conclusions: 
These results show that aqueous extract of barberry can reduce the 
acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place 
preference. © 2014, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of 
Medical Sciences.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  berberis vulgaris extract (drug development, drug therapy, intraperitoneal 
drug administration)
  drugs used in the treatment of addiction (drug development, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
  plant extract (drug development, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  morphine sulfate
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine addiction (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  place preference
  withdrawal syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  article
  Berberidaceae
  Berberis vulgaris
  leukocyte
  male
  medicinal plant
  mouse
  nonhuman
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014518275
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 170
TITLE
  Thymus daenensis extract and essential oils effects on morphine withdrawal 
signs in mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Khodayar M.J.
  Taherzadeh E.
  Siahpoosh A.
  Mansourzadeh Z.
  Tabatabaei S.A.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Khodayar M.J.) Toxicology Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and 
Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical 
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Taherzadeh E., jkhodayar@yahoo.com; Siahpoosh A.; Mansourzadeh Z.) 
Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, School of Pharmacy, 
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Tabatabaei S.A.H.) Arvand International Division, Ahvaz Jundishapur 
University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Taherzadeh, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toxicology 
Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical 
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Email: jkhodayar@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products (2014) 9:3 Article 
Number: e9959. Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  2228-7876 (electronic)
  1735-7780
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 61357-33184, Ahvaz, 
Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Thymus species are well known medicinal plants which the 
previous studies suggested the involvement of the opioid system in them. 
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of methanolic 
extract and essential oil of aerial parts of Thymus daenensis (TD), an 
endemic aromatic medicinal plant of Iran, on morphine withdrawal syndrome in 
mice. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed in two groups of 
five, each group treated with extracts or essential oils of TD. Dependency 
was induced by subcutaneous injection of morphine for three consecutive 
days. On the fourth day, the last dose of morphine was injected two hours 
prior to intraperitoneal injection of naloxone while the extract or 
essential oil of TD was administered 30 minutes before naloxone. A period of 
20 minutes after naloxone injection was considered the critical period of 
the withdrawal syndrome. The number of jumps, standing, leaning, and the 
weight of stools were recorded as withdrawal signs. Results: The 200 mg/kg 
and 400 mg/kg doses of extract and all doses of essential oil decreased 
significantly the number of jumps, standing, leaning and the weight of 
stool. Administration of 100 mg/kg of extract only decreased the weight of 
stool and had no effect on the other factors. Conclusions: Extract and 
essential oil of TD attenuates morphine withdrawal behaviors in mice and may 
be useful in alleviating the signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal 
syndrome in human. © 2014, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University 
of Medical Sciences.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  essential oil (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
  plant extract (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
  Thymus daenensis essential oil (drug comparison, drug development, drug 
therapy, intraperitoneal drug administration)
  Thymus daenensis extract (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diazepam
  morphine sulfate
  naloxone
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  article
  controlled study
  defecation
  diarrhea
  jumping
  male
  medicinal plant
  morphine addiction
  mouse
  nonhuman
  standing
  Thymus (plant)
  Thymus daenensis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014518269
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 171
TITLE
  Effect of Trifolium pratense extract on methionine-choline-deficient 
diet-induced steatohepatitis in C57BL/6 mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chen T.
  Zhong F.-J.
  Hong Y.-M.
  Su W.-J.
  Zhuang L.-L.
  Qiu L.-X.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chen T.; Zhong F.-J.; Hong Y.-M.; Su W.-J.; Zhuang L.-L.; Qiu L.-X., 
qlongxin@tom.com) School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 
364000, China.
(Chen T.; Qiu L.-X., qlongxin@tom.com) Fujian Key Laboratory of Preventive 
Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan 364000, China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.-X. Qiu, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, 
China. Email: qlongxin@tom.com
SOURCE
  Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (2014) 12:3 (194-198). Date of 
Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1875-5364 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Editorial Board, zgtryw@sohu.com
ABSTRACT
  Aim: The potential of Trifolium pratense (red clover) extract in the 
prevention of lipid disorder has attracted increasing attention in recent 
years. In this study, the aim was to determine whether and how red clover 
extract affected the development of murine diet-induced non-alcoholic 
steatohepatitis. Methods: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was induced in 
C57BL/6 mice by feeding mice with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. 
Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analyses. Real-time 
PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels. Results: Hepatic 
steatosis and necroinflammation was observed in MCD diet-fed mice, and this 
diet-induced steatosis was significantly attenuated, whereas liver 
inflammation was not significantly attenuated, by red clover extract 
treatment. Consistent with the results of H&E staining, the MCD diet-induced 
increase of liver triglycerides and cholesterol levels were significantly 
reduced by red clover extract treatment. However, with the improvement in 
hepatic steatosis, mRNA levels of acetyl CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl 
transferase-1, and liver fatty acid-binding protein, three genes regulated 
by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, were unaffected. 
Conclusion: Red clover extract alleviated MCD diet-induced hepatic 
steatosis, but did not ameliorate liver inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, and 
the improvement in hepatic steatosis was not through activating PPARα. © 
2014 China Pharmaceutical University.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  choline
  methionine
  red clover extract (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetyl coenzyme A (endogenous compound)
  carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (endogenous compound)
  cholesterol (endogenous compound)
  eosin
  fatty acid binding protein (endogenous compound)
  hematoxylin
  lipid (endogenous compound)
  peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (endogenous compound)
  triacylglycerol (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nonalcoholic fatty liver (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  animal tissue
  article
  cholesterol blood level
  controlled study
  diet
  fatty liver
  feeding
  gene expression
  hepatitis
  histopathology
  lipid liver level
  male
  mouse
  nonhuman
  quantitative analysis
  real time polymerase chain reaction
  staining
  treatment duration
  triacylglycerol blood level
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (China)rimian
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetyl coenzyme A (72-89-9)
  cholesterol (57-88-5)
  choline (123-41-1, 13232-47-8, 1927-06-6, 4858-96-2, 62-49-7, 67-48-1)
  eosin (17372-87-1, 51395-88-1, 548-26-5)
  hematoxylin (517-28-2)
  lipid (66455-18-3)
  methionine (59-51-8, 63-68-3, 7005-18-7)
  peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (147258-70-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014222039
MEDLINE PMID
  24702805 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24702805)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60032-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 172
TITLE
  In vitro growth inhibition study of hydroxyapatite crystals in the presence 
of selected herbal extract solutions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Parekh B.B.
  Jogiya B.V.
  Vyas P.M.
  Raut A.A.
  Vaidya A.B.
  Joshi M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Parekh B.B.) School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum 
University, Gandhinagar, India.
(Jogiya B.V.; Vyas P.M.; Joshi M.J.) Crystal Growth Laboratory, Department 
of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India.
(Raut A.A.; Vaidya A.B.) ICMR Advanced Centre of Reverse Pharmacology, 
Medical Research Centre, Kasturba Health Society, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai, 
India.
SOURCE
  Der Pharma Chemica (2014) 6:5 (128-135). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  0975-413X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Scholars Research Library, info@derpharmachemica.com
ABSTRACT
  Hydroxyapatite, is the most stable mineral found in body. Hydroxyapatite 
crystals were grown by the gel technique in the form of periodic Liesegang 
ring patterns. The size of fine crystalline hydroxyapatite was found in 
order of microns. The harvested crystals were characterized by Powder X- Ray 
Diffraction (XRD). Aqueous, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic extracts of five 
herbs selected based on Reverse Pharmacology (RP) experiential data of 
Ayurveda were used for the growth inhibition study of hydroxyapatite 
crystallites. These extracts were compared with CaCl(2) (control) solution 
to study their effects in terms of the particle size of crystallites, the 
total diffusion length in the gel column, the number of rings and the 
spacing between two rings. The inhibition in hydroxyapatite crystal growth 
by the herbal extracts is reported.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Boerhaavia diffusa extract (drug analysis, drug comparison)
  Boswellia serrata extract (drug analysis, drug comparison)
  Commiphora wightii extract (drug analysis, drug comparison)
  hydroxyapatite
  plant extract (drug analysis, drug comparison)
  Rotula aquatica extract (drug analysis, drug comparison)
  Tribulus terrestris extract (drug analysis, drug comparison)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  calcium chloride (drug comparison)
  plant resin
  silica gel
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  growth inhibition
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Ayurveda
  Borago
  Burseraceae
  Commiphora wightii
  controlled study
  crystal structure
  drug determination
  drug screening
  fruit
  in vitro study
  particle size
  plant root
  Rotula aquatica
  X ray diffraction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  calcium chloride (10043-52-4)
  hydroxyapatite (1306-06-5, 51198-94-8)
  silica gel (63231-67-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014897518
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 173
TITLE
  Tobacco dependence, the most important cardiovascular risk factor: treatment 
in the Czech Republic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Králíková E.
  Kmeťová A.
  Štěpánková L.
  Zvolská K.
  Felbrová V.
  Kulovaná S.
  Bortlíček Z.
  Blaha M.
  Fraser K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Králíková E.; Kmeťová A.; Štěpánková L.; Zvolská K.; Felbrová V.; Kulovaná 
S.; Bortlíček Z.; Blaha M.; Fraser K.) Institute of Hygiene and 
Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General 
University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. eva.kralikova@lf1.cuni.cz
SOURCE
  Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca (2014) 63 
Supplement 3 (S361-S368). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1802-9973 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Smoking is the most important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Stopping 
smoking halves the CV risk. Every clinician should provide a brief 
intervention with smokers. Intensive treatment should be available to those 
who need it. There are 37 Centers for Tobacco Dependence in the Czech 
Republic, which offer treatment including a psychobehavioral intervention 
and pharmacotherapy (varenicline, nicotine, bupropion). Czech physicians, 
pharmacists and nurses are regularly educated about smoking cessation. We 
describe the results of intensive treatment offered by our centers. 
Treatment includes screening (1 h), an intervention (2 h), and follow-up 
visits during the next 12 months. Among 3532 patients, 34.3 % had 
CO-validated abstinence at 12-months (including 489 patients who attended 
the screening visit + only the 12-month follow up visit). Among patients who 
underwent the intervention, the abstinence rate was 38.2 %. The majority of 
patients who underwent the intervention (N=2470) used some form of 
pharmacotherapy. After one year, the abstinence rate was 43.4 %, compared to 
15.9 % (N=573) without pharmacotherapy. Only 28 % of patients came on the 
recommendation of a physician. Despite the decrease in CV risk following 
smoking cessation and the effectiveness of treatment, centers are 
underutilized.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  procedures
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  cardiovascular disease (epidemiology, prevention)
  clinical trial
  cohort analysis
  Czech Republic
  female
  follow up
  human
  male
  middle aged
  multicenter study
  risk factor
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (epidemiology, therapy)
  treatment outcome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  25428741 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25428741)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2016 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 174
TITLE
  Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among 
university students--a qualitative approach.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hildt E.
  Lieb K.
  Franke A.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hildt E., hildt@uni-mainz.de) Department of Philosophy, Johannes Gutenberg 
University of Mainz, Jakob Welder-Weg 18, D - 55099 Mainz, Germany.
(Lieb K.; Franke A.G.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Hildt, Email: hildt@uni-mainz.de
SOURCE
  BMC medical ethics (2014) 15 (23). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1472-6939 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Academic performance enhancement or cognitive enhancement (CE) via stimulant 
drug use has received increasing attention. The question remains, however, 
whether CE solely represents the use of drugs for achieving better academic 
or workplace results or whether CE also serves various other purposes. The 
aim of this study was to put the phenomenon of pharmacological academic 
performance enhancement via prescription and illicit (psycho-) stimulant use 
(Amphetamines, Methylphenidate) among university students into a broader 
context. Specifically, we wanted to further understand students' 
experiences, the effects of use on students and other factors, such as 
pressure to perform in their academic and private lives. A sample of 18 
healthy university students reporting the non-medical use of prescription 
and illicit stimulants for academic performance enhancement was interviewed 
in a face-to-face setting. The leading questions were related to the 
situations and context in which the students considered the non-medical use 
of stimulants. Based on the resultant transcript, two independent raters 
identified six categories relating to the life context of stimulant use for 
academic performance enhancement: Context of stimulant use beyond academic 
performance enhancement, Subjective experience of enhancement, Timing of 
consumption, Objective academic results, Side effects, Pressure to perform. 
The answers reveal that academic performance enhancement through the use of 
stimulants is not an isolated phenomenon that solely aims at enhancing 
cognition to achieve better academic results but that the multifaceted life 
context in which it is embedded is of crucial relevance. The participants 
not only considered the stimulants advantageous for enhancing academic 
performance, but also for leading an active life with a suitable balance 
between studying and time off. The most common reasons given for stimulant 
use were to maximize time, to increase motivation and to cope with 
memorizing. According to the interviews, there is a considerable discrepancy 
between subjective experiences and objective academic results achieved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amphetamine derivative (drug administration)
  central stimulant agent (drug administration)
  methylphenidate (drug administration)
  nootropic agent (drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (epidemiology)
  student
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cognition
  drug effect
  educational status
  female
  human
  male
  motivation
  psychological aspect
  qualitative research
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24606831 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24606831)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-15-23
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 175
TITLE
  Solubility and permeability studies of aceclofenac in different oils
AUTHOR NAMES
  Malik M.Z.
  Ahmad M.
  Minhas M.U.
  Munir A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Malik M.Z.; Ahmad M., ma786_786@yahoo.com; Minhas M.U.; Munir A.) 
Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, 
Pakistan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Ahmad, Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 
63100, Punjab, Pakistan. Email: ma786_786@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2014) 13:3 (327-330). Date of 
Publication: March 2014
ISSN
  1596-9827 (electronic)
  1596-5996
BOOK PUBLISHER
  University of Benin, editor@tjpr.org
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To measure the extent of solubility of the lipophilic drug, 
aceclofenac, in 13 oils as well as its in vitro permeability from these oils 
in order to develop optimized topical microemulsion and microemulsion-based 
gel for improved bioavailability. Methods: UV spectrophotometeric method was 
used at the wavelength of 276 nm to measure the dissolved quantity of 
aceclofenac in each of the oils (almond oil, oleic acid, castor oil, 
paraffin oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil, canola oil, sesame oil, isopropyl 
myristate (ipm), sunflower oil, corn oil, coconuts oil and eucalyptus oil) 
at 25 °C. The in-vitro permeability of aceclofenac in each of these oils was 
determined at 32 ± 0.5 °C using Franz diffusion cell with phosphate buffer 
(pH 7.4) as medium with 0.45 μ cellulose acetate membrane. The solubility 
and permeability of aceclofenac were compared with the hydroalcoholic 
solution of aceclofenac. Results: The highest solubility values of 9.153 and 
8.560 mg/ml for aceclofenac were obtained with almond oil and oleic acid, 
respectively (p < 0.05). However the solubility and permeability of 
aceclofenac in hydro-alcoholic solution were 150.65 mg/ml and 14.91± 0.05 
μg/cm(2)/h, respectively. Aceclofenac also showed higher permeability values 
(1.45± 0.04 and 1.21 ± 0.06) in almond oil and oleic acid, respectively, 
than in the other oils (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that 
almond oil and oleic acid are promising vehicles for aceclofenac as its 
enhanced solubility and permeability in these vehicles are suggestive of 
improved bioavailability. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aceclofenac (drug analysis)
  oil
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  almond oil
  canola oil
  castor oil
  clove oil
  coconut oil
  corn oil
  drug vehicle
  eucalyptus oil
  liquid paraffin
  myristic acid isopropyl ester
  oleic acid
  sesame seed oil
  sunflower oil
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug solubility
  permeability
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  bioavailability
  calibration
  drug efficacy
  human
  lipophilicity
  ultraviolet spectrophotometry
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (Pakistan)Sami Laboratories
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aceclofenac (89796-99-6)
  almond oil (8007-69-0)
  canola oil (120962-03-0)
  castor oil (8001-79-4)
  clove oil (8000-34-8)
  coconut oil (8001-31-8)
  corn oil (8001-30-7)
  eucalyptus oil (8000-48-4)
  liquid paraffin (8012-95-1)
  myristic acid isopropyl ester (110-27-0)
  oleic acid (112-80-1, 115-06-0)
  sesame seed oil (8008-74-0)
  sunflower oil (8001-21-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014239040
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i3.2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 176
TITLE
  Anti-urolithiatic activity of Melia azedarach Linn leaf extract in ethylene 
glycol-induced urolithiasis in male albino rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dharmalingam S.R.
  Madhappan R.
  Chidambaram K.
  Ramamurthy S.
  Gopal K.
  Swetha P.
  Kumar K.L.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dharmalingam S.R., dsenthilrajan@yahoo.co.in; Chidambaram K.; Ramamurthy 
S.) School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 
Malaysia.
(Madhappan R.; Gopal K.; Swetha P.; Kumar K.L.S.) Department of 
Pharmacognosy, Padmavathi College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, 
Tamilnadu, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. R. Dharmalingam, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Email: dsenthilrajan@yahoo.co.in
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2014) 13:3 (391-397). Date of 
Publication: March 2014
ISSN
  1596-9827 (electronic)
  1596-5996
BOOK PUBLISHER
  University of Benin, editor@tjpr.org
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of the aqueous and 
alcoholic extracts of Melia azedarach Linn leaves in calcium oxalate 
urolithiasis in male albino rats. Methods: The effect of oral administration 
of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Melia azedarach Linn leaves on calcium 
oxalate urolithiasis has been investigated. Lithiasis was induced by oral 
adminstration of ethylene glycol (0.75%v/v) in male albino rats for 28 days. 
Each of the extract (250 mg/kg) was administered orally day 0 as a 
prophylactic regimen and from day 15 as a curative regimen. Regular 
administration of ethylene glycol caused hyperoxaluria in ethylene 
glycol-fed animals, leading to increased renal retention and excretion of 
oxalate, calcium and phosphate. Histopathological study, urine microscopy, 
serum analysis and biochemical analysis of kidney homogenate were performed. 
Results: Oxalate and calcium excretion in urine increased (p < 0.01) to 3.68 
± 0.01 and 4.5 ± 0.01 mg/24 h, respectively, in lithiatic control animals 
compared to (0.37 ± 0.01 and 1.27 ± 0.12 mg/24 h) for the normal control 
group. Treatment with aqueous or ethanol extract (250 mg/kg, p.o.) 
significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the elevated levels of calcium, oxalate and 
phosphate excretion in urine to 0.79 ± 0.01 and 1.09 ± 0.04 mg/24 h, 
respectively. Following treatment with the ethanol extract (250mg/kg), serum 
creatinine excretion was restored from 0.95 ± 0.01 mg/24 h to the normal 
level of 0.87 ± 0.01 mg/24 h. The results were comparable to those of the 
standard drug, allopurinol (50 mg/kg p.o.). Histopathological data for the 
kidney supported the foregoing results. Conclusions: The results demonstrate 
that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Melia azedarach Linn leaves have 
potent antiurolithiatic activity against ethylene glycol-induced calcium 
oxalate urolithiasis in male albino rats. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty 
of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights 
reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Melia azedarach extract (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, 
drug toxicity, oral drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  allopurinol (drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  calcium oxalate
  water
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  urolithiasis (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute toxicity
  animal experiment
  animal model
  animal tissue
  article
  blood analysis
  controlled study
  histopathology
  hyperoxaluria
  kidney homogenate
  male
  nonhuman
  phytochemistry
  plant leaf
  rat
  urinalysis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  allopurinol (315-30-0)
  calcium oxalate (563-72-4)
  water (7732-18-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Urology and Nephrology (28)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014239050
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i3.12
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 177
TITLE
  Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus assay of azalomycin F(5a) 
and its derivatives
AUTHOR NAMES
  Yuan G.-J.
  Li P.-B.
  Yang J.
  Pang H.-Z.
  Pei Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Yuan G.-J., sqlygj@126.com; Yang J.; Pang H.-Z.; Pei Y.) College of 
Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 
330045, China.
(Li P.-B.) School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, 
China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.-J. Yuan, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural 
University, Nanchang 330045, China. Email: sqlygj@126.com
SOURCE
  Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (2014) 12:4 (309-313). Date of 
Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1875-5364 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Editorial Board, zgtryw@sohu.com
ABSTRACT
  Aim: To discover anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 
(anti-MRSA) microbial natural products or their derivatives. Method: 
Azalomycin F(5a) (1) was prepared through fermentation of Streptomyces 
hygroscopicus var. azalomyceticus, and its derivatives were synthesized 
through hydrocarbylation in hydrocarbyl alcoholic-AcOH (4: 1) and subsequent 
demalonylation with 2 mol·L(-1) KOH in MeOH-H(2)O (7: 3). Their activities 
against MRSA ATCC 33592 and three clinical MRSA isolates were evaluated by 
the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results: Four 
demalonylazalomycin F(5a) derivatives 2 to 5 were synthesized. The anti-MRSA 
activity assay indicated that compounds 1 to 5 showed remarkable activity 
against MRSA, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 
respectively 3.0-4.0, 0.5-1.0, 0.67-1.0, 0.67-0.83, and 0.5-0.83 μg·mL(-1). 
Conclusion: Azalomycin F(5a) and the demalonylazalomycin F(5a) derivatives 
2-5 showed remarkable anti-MRSA activity, and the anti-MRSA activities of 2 
to 5 were higher than that of 1, while the anti-MRSA activities of 2 to 5 
showed no obvious differences. It was also shown that the malonyl monoester 
group of azalomycin F(5a) was less important for its anti-MRSA activity. © 
2014 China Pharmaceutical University.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiinfective agent (pharmacology)
  azalomycin (pharmacology)
  natural products and their synthetic derivatives (pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  demalonylazalomycin f5a (pharmacology)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antibacterial activity
  assay
  methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agar diffusion
  anaerobic fermentation
  article
  bacterial strain
  broth dilution
  carbon nuclear magnetic resonance
  chemical structure
  high performance liquid chromatography
  minimum inhibitory concentration
  Streptomyces hygroscopicus
  synthesis
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014361153
MEDLINE PMID
  24863359 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24863359)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60061-3
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 178
TITLE
  Phytochemical screening and in vitro antifungal activity of camellia 
sinensis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Inamdar P.
  Jelamvazir
  Desai S.
  Patel D.
  Meshram D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Inamdar P., inamdarpriyal@gmail.com; Jelamvazir, jvazir@yahoo.com; Patel 
D.; Meshram D.) Department of Quality Assurance, Pioneer Pharmacy Degree 
College, Sayajipura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
(Desai S.) Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, 
Pioneer Pharmacy Degree College, Sayajipura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Inamdar, Department of Quality Assurance, Pioneer Pharmacy Degree 
College, Sayajipura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Email: 
inamdarpriyal@gmail.com
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014) 6:5 
(148-150). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  0975-1491 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 6/1, 
Sanjeevani Medical Stores, Shastri Chowk, Sadar Bazar, Sagar,Madhya Pradesh, 
India. editor@ijppsjournal.com
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the phytochemical 
composition of Camellia sinensis and to assess the antifungal activities of 
Camellia sinensis using in vitro antifungal screening techniques. The 
ability of tea plant extract to inhibit the growth of fungal strains is an 
indication of its antifungal property that might be used in the management 
of fungal infections in future. Methods: Extracts of leaves from the tea 
plant Camellia sinensis contain polyphenolic components with activity 
against a wide spectrum of microbes. Studies conducted over the last 20 
years have shown that the green tea polyphenoliccatechins, in particular 
(-)-epigallocatechingallate (EGCg) and (-)-epicatechingallate (ECg), can 
inhibit the growth of a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative fungal 
species with moderate potency. The leaves were collected from the market and 
identified by the Pharmacognosy department of our own college. Phytochemical 
analysis revealed the presence flavonoids.The study was carried out on 
various species of fungi including Candida albicans(MTCC No.183), Candida 
tropicalis (MTCC No.184),and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC No.170)using cup 
plate method. The results obtained were compared against standard antibiotic 
streptomycin. Results: The aqueous extract is effective against 
saccharomyces cerevisiae and very less against Candida albicansand no effect 
was found in Candida tropicalis. The alcoholic extract is found effective 
against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and very less effect 
was seen against Candida tropicalis. Conclusion: The study illustrates that 
Camellia sinensis has shown a significant antifungal activity against 
various species of fungi like saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and 
very less effect was seen against Candida tropicalis; both in aqueous as 
well as methanolic extract. Along with that it is a good source of 
Flavonoid.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  green tea extract (drug analysis, drug comparison, drug development)
  plant extract (drug analysis, drug comparison, drug development)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alkaloid
  amino acid
  anthraquinone
  carbohydrate
  epicatechin gallate
  epigallocatechin gallate
  glycoside
  protein
  saponin
  streptomycin (drug comparison)
  tannin
  terpenoid
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antifungal activity
  phytochemistry
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agar diffusion
  article
  Camellia sinensis
  Candida albicans
  Candida tropicalis
  controlled study
  fungicidal activity
  growth inhibition
  nonhuman
  Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  solvent extraction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amino acid (65072-01-7)
  anthraquinone (84-65-1)
  epicatechin gallate (863-03-6)
  epigallocatechin gallate (989-51-5)
  protein (67254-75-5)
  saponin (8047-15-2)
  streptomycin (57-92-1)
  tannin (1401-55-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014385402
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 179
TITLE
  Symptoms-based evaluation of iron deficiency anemia in students of 
bahawalpur correlated with their eating habits
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shoaib Khan H.M.
  Sohail M.
  Ali A.
  Akhtar N.
  Khan H.
  Rasool F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shoaib Khan H.M.; Sohail M.; Ali A., ajmaline2000@gmail.com; Khan H.) 
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal 
Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
(Ali A., ajmaline2000@gmail.com; Akhtar N.; Rasool F.) Department of 
Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Ali, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and 
Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. Email: ajmaline2000@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2014) 13:5 (769-772). Date of 
Publication: May 2014
ISSN
  1596-9827 (electronic)
  1596-5996
BOOK PUBLISHER
  University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. editor@tjpr.org
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To conduct a symptoms-based evaluation of iron deficiency anemia 
(IDA) in university and colleges students of Bahawalpur-Pakistan and 
correlate the data with their eating habits. Methods: A cross-sectional 
survey was accomplished using a questionnaire for the assessment of IDA 
among 500 students enrolled in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur and two 
affiliated colleges in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Symptoms-based evaluation was 
carried out to obtain the results. Results: The results showed that 41.2% 
(206 students) of the 500 students were anemic. The proportion of anemic 
females and males was 65.53% (135) and 34.46% (71), respectively. Of the 206 
students, 96.11% (198) were below the age of 25 years, 83.96% (173) in 
official hostels, 52.42% (108) belonged to families of average socioeconomic 
status, 77.18% (159) suffer from short-term memory, and 47.08% (97) were 
unaware of IDA. The most commonly observed symptoms were flattened brittle 
nails, dizziness, and fatigue after physical activity, 88.83% (183); 
presence or absence of glosittis 87.37% (180); ringing in the ears, 84.46% 
(174); headache, 62.62% (129); frequent minor infections, 46.60% (96); 
shortness of breath, 40.29% (83); taste disturbance, 35.92% (74); ice 
cravings, 22.33% (46); and angular stomatitis 18.97% (39). Conclusion: An 
unexpectedly large number of female students exhibit symptoms of IDA due to 
poor nourishment. Findings from this survey can be used in awareness 
programs to increase academic performance in young adults and to eliminate 
IDA. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, 
Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  eating habit
  iron deficiency anemia (epidemiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cross-sectional study
  dizziness
  dyspnea
  fatigue
  female
  glossitis
  headache
  human
  infection
  male
  nail disease
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  short term memory
  social status
  socioeconomics
  stomatitis
  taste disorder
  tinnitus
  withdrawal syndrome
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Hematology (25)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014385302
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i5.17
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 180
TITLE
  Advancing the pharmacy practice model in a community teaching Hospital by 
expanding student rotations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Delgado O.
  Kernan W.P.
  Knoer S.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Delgado O., delgado@ccf.org; Kernan W.P.) Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, 
United States.
(Knoer S.J.) Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Delgado, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2014) 71:21 (1871-1876). Date of 
Publication: 1 Nov 2014
ISSN
  1535-2900 (electronic)
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy
ABSTRACT
  Summary: In 2011, Cleveland Clinic Florida (CCF) implemented a pharmacy 
practice model change with the goal of providing all inpatients quality 
pharmaceutical care while still providing key specialty clinical pharmacy 
services. An LLM was initiated in which pharmacists supervise pharmacy 
residents and students in a team format in which students are used as 
pharmacist extenders. CCF partnered with local and regional colleges of 
pharmacy to increase the number of advanced pharmacy practice experience 
student rotations at CCF. Students are given accountability for a specific 
number of patient beds based on their rotation. They are required to perform 
medication histories, education on drug indication and adverse effects, 
discharge counseling, targeted disease counseling, and profile review for 
drug-related problems for their patients. After the implementation of this 
model, improvements were observed in Hospital Consumer Assessment of 
Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores (58% versus 70%, 
respectively), pharmacy interventions per patient per day (0.9 versus 1.4, 
respectively), and bedside medication delivery capture rate (48% versus 65%, 
respectively).Conclusion: The implementation of an LLM and partnering with 
local colleges of pharmacy have improved pharmacy practice at CCF by 
allowing pharmacy students to work as pharmacist extenders in providing 
comprehensive pharmacy services to many patients who would not otherwise be 
reached. This approach has improved HCAHPS scores within the "communication 
of medication" domain, increased overall patient interventions, and allowed 
expansion of CCF's discharge prescription program. © 2014, American Society 
of Health-System Pharmacists, IncPurpose: The implementation, benefits, and 
outcomes of a layered learner model (LLM) using pharmacy students as 
pharmacist extenders are described.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antibiotic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  carbapenem derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  protocol compliance
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  advisory committee
  antibiotic sensitivity
  article
  certification
  checklist
  Clostridium difficile infection
  health care need
  health care planning
  hospital infection
  human
  infection prevention
  physician
  training
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014905363
MEDLINE PMID
  25320137 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25320137)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp130624
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 181
TITLE
  Extinction of drug seeking: Neural circuits and approaches to augmentation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mcnally G.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mcnally G.P., g.mcnally@unsw.edu.au) University of New South Wales, School 
of Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.P. Mcnally, University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, 
NSW 2052, Australia. Email: g.mcnally@unsw.edu.au
SOURCE
  Neuropharmacology (2014) 76:PART B (528-532). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  0028-3908
  1873-7064 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Extinction training can reduce drug seeking behavior. This article reviews 
the neural circuits that contribute to extinction and approaches to 
enhancing the efficacy of extinction. Extinction of drug seeking depends on 
cortical-striatal-hypothalamic and cortical-hypothalamic-thalamic pathways. 
These pathways interface, in the hypothalamus and thalamus respectively, 
with the neural circuits controlling reinstatement of drug seeking. The 
actions of these pathways at lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons, and of 
perifornical/dorsomedial hypothalamic derived opioid peptides at kappa 
opioid receptors in the paraventricular thalamus, are important for 
inhibiting drug seeking. Despite effectively reducing or inhibiting drug 
seeking in the short term, extinguished drug seeking is prone to relapse. 
Three different strategies to augment extinction learning or retrieval are 
reviewed: pharmacological augmentation, retrieval - extinction training, and 
provision of extinction memory retrieval cues. These strategies have been 
used in animal models and with human drug users to enhance extinction or cue 
exposure treatments. They hold promise as novel strategies to promote 
abstinence from drug seeking. This article is part of a Special Issue 
entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights 
reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  kappa opiate receptor (endogenous compound)
  opiate peptide (endogenous compound)
  orexin (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug seeking behavior
  nerve cell network
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  brain cortex
  brain nerve cell
  corpus striatum
  drug efficacy
  extinction training
  hypothalamus
  learning
  memory
  paraventricular thalamic nucleus
  priority journal
  relapse
  review
  thalamus
  training
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013697403
MEDLINE PMID
  23774135 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23774135)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 182
TITLE
  Quitting patterns and predictors of success among participants in a tobacco 
cessation program provided by pharmacists in New Mexico
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shen X.
  Bachyrycz A.
  Anderson J.R.
  Tinker D.
  Raisch D.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shen X.) University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, 
MD, United States.
(Bachyrycz A.) Teaching Faculty, University of New Mexico, College of 
Pharmacy, United States.
(Bachyrycz A.) Walgreens Patient Care Center, Albuquerque, NM, United 
States.
(Anderson J.R.; Raisch D.W., draisch@salud.unm.edu) University of New 
Mexico, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
(Tinker D.) New Mexico Pharmaceutical Care Foundation, United States.
(Tinker D.) New Mexico Pharmacists Association, Albuquerque, NM, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.W. Raisch, Pharmaceutical Policy and Outcomes Research, College of 
Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, 
Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States. Email: draisch@salud.unm.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy (2014) 20:6 (579-587). Date of Publication: 
2014
ISSN
  1083-4087
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP), tfaggen@amcp.org
ABSTRACT
  Background: Tobacco use causes hundreds of thousands of deaths in the United 
States each year. Pharmacists are available in the community to provide 
tobacco cessation interventions. Between 2004 and 2010, the New Mexico 
Pharmaceutical Care Foundation (NMPCF) provided a pharmacistled tobacco 
cessation program to residents in New Mexico. Objectives: To (a) obtain 
point prevalence quit rates at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up for 
participants enrolled in the NMPCF program; (b) differentiate between the 
quitting patterns of enrolled participants; and (c) identify predictors 
associated with the quitting patterns. Methods: Seven-year data were 
combined for the pattern analysis. Four quitting patterns were defined, 
including immediate quitters, delayed quitters, once quitters, and never 
quitters. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify 
characteristics of participants with different quitting patterns. Results: 
The analysis included 1,437 participants. The average point prevalence quit 
rate at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months was 29.3%, 23.3%, and 18.0%, 
respectively. Based on our definition for quitting patterns, the study 
sample consisted of 145 (10.1%) immediate quitters, 113 (7.9%) delayed 
quitters, 298 (20.7%) once quitters, and 881 (61.3%) never quitters. 
Multinomial logistic regression identified associations between quitting 
patterns and demographics, tobacco use and restrictions, baseline confidence 
in successful quitting, and pharmacotherapy aids used to quit. Relationships 
varied between quitting patterns. Conclusions: The study findings showed 
that having community pharmacists provide smoking cessation interventions 
resulted in quitting success rates similar to other health care 
professionals, which ranged from 9.9% to 26.0%. Since pharmacists are a 
widely available resource for their patients, managed care organizations may 
be able to improve the health, and avoid subsequent tobacco-related adverse 
health outcomes, of their members by implementing a program similar to the 
NMPCF Tobacco Cessation Program. © 2014, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  varenicline (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  female
  health care personnel
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  managed care organization
  nicotine replacement therapy
  outcome assessment
  prevalence
  smoking cessation program
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy)
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  varenicline (249296-44-4, 375815-87-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014350956
MEDLINE PMID
  24856596 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856596)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 183
TITLE
  Heteromeric dopamine receptor signaling complexes: Emerging neurobiology and 
disease relevance
AUTHOR NAMES
  Perreault M.L.
  Hasbi A.
  O'dowd B.F.
  George S.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Perreault M.L.; Hasbi A.; O'dowd B.F.; George S.R., s.george@utoronto.ca) 
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, 
Canada.
(Perreault M.L.; Hasbi A.; O'dowd B.F.; George S.R., s.george@utoronto.ca) 
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(George S.R., s.george@utoronto.ca) Department of Medicine, University of 
Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.R. George, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 
Toronto, ON, Canada. Email: s.george@utoronto.ca
SOURCE
  Neuropsychopharmacology (2014) 39:1 (156-168). Date of Publication: January 
2014
ISSN
  1740-634X (electronic)
  0893-133X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Nature Publishing Group, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  The pharmacological modification of dopamine transmission has long been 
employed as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of many mental health 
disorders. However, as many of the pharmacotherapies today are not without 
significant side effects, or they alleviate only a particular subset of 
symptoms, the identification of novel therapeutic targets is imperative. In 
light of these challenges, the recognition that dopamine receptors can form 
heteromers has significantly expanded the range of physiologically relevant 
signaling complexes as well as potential drug targets. Furthermore, as the 
physiology and disease relevance of these receptor heteromers is further 
understood, their ability to exhibit pharmacological and functional 
properties distinct from their constituent receptors, or modulate the 
function of endogenous homomeric receptor complexes, may allow for the 
development of alternate therapeutic strategies and provide new avenues for 
drug design. In this review, we describe the emerging neurobiology of the 
known dopamine receptor heteromers, their physiological relevance in brain, 
and discuss the potential role of these receptor complexes in 
neuropsychiatric disease. We highlight their value as targets for future 
drug development and discuss innovative research strategies designed to 
selectively target these dopamine receptor heteromers in the search for 
novel and clinically efficacious pharmacotherapies. © 2014 American College 
of Neuropsychopharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dopamine 1 receptor (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 2 receptor (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 3 receptor (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 5 receptor (endogenous compound)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 aminobutyric acid B receptor (endogenous compound)
  G protein coupled receptor (endogenous compound)
  histamine H3 receptor (endogenous compound)
  ligand
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  neurobiology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  allosterism
  attention deficit disorder
  cognitive defect
  dopaminergic system
  dopaminergic transmission
  nonhuman
  oligomerization
  priority journal
  protein protein interaction
  review
  schizophrenia
  signal transduction
  upregulation
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013800228
MEDLINE PMID
  23774533 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23774533)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.148
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 184
TITLE
  Cognitive impairment in cocaine users is drug-induced but partially 
reversible: Evidence from a longitudinal study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Vonmoos M.
  Hulka L.M.
  Preller K.H.
  Minder F.
  Baumgartner M.R.
  Quednow B.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Vonmoos M., matthias.vonmoos@bli.uzh.ch; Hulka L.M.; Preller K.H.; Minder 
F.; Quednow B.B., quednow@bli.uzh.ch) Experimental and Clinical 
Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and 
Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 
Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland.
(Baumgartner M.R.) Center of Forensic Hairanalytics, Institute of Forensic 
Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Vonmoos, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of 
Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, 
University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland. Email: 
matthias.vonmoos@bli.uzh.ch
SOURCE
  Neuropsychopharmacology (2014) 39:9 (2200-2210). Date of Publication: August 
2014
ISSN
  1740-634X (electronic)
  0893-133X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Nature Publishing Group, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Cocaine users consistently display cognitive impairments. However, it is 
still unknown whether these impairments are cocaine-induced and if they are 
reversible. Therefore, we examined the relation between changing intensity 
of cocaine use and the development of cognitive functioning within 1 year. 
The present data were collected as part of the longitudinal Zurich Cocaine 
Cognition Study (ZuCo(2) St). Forty-eight psychostimulant-naive controls and 
57 cocaine users (19 with increased, 19 with decreased, and 19 with 
unchanged cocaine use) were eligible for analysis. At baseline and after a 
1-year follow-up, cognitive performance was measured by a global cognitive 
index and four neuropsychological domains (attention, working memory, 
declarative memory, and executive functions), calculated from 13 parameters 
of a broad neuropsychological test battery. Intensity of cocaine use was 
objectively determined by quantitative 6-month hair toxicology at both test 
sessions. Substantially increased cocaine use within 1 year (mean +297%) was 
associated with reduced cognitive performance primarily in working memory. 
By contrast, decreased cocaine use (-72%) was linked to small cognitive 
improvements in all four domains. Importantly, users who ceased taking 
cocaine seemed to recover completely, attaining a cognitive performance 
level similar to that of the control group. However, recovery of working 
memory was correlated with age of onset of cocaine use - early-onset users 
showed hampered recovery. These longitudinal data suggest that cognitive 
impairment might be partially cocaine-induced but also reversible within 1 
year, at least after moderate exposure. The reversibility indicates that 
neuroplastic adaptations underlie cognitive changes in cocaine users, which 
are potentially modifiable in psychotherapeutical or pharmacological 
interventions. © 2014 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  psychostimulant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cognitive defect
  drug dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptation
  adult
  article
  cognition
  control group
  controlled study
  declarative memory
  female
  follow up
  hair analysis
  human
  longitudinal study
  major clinical study
  male
  nerve cell plasticity
  onset age
  priority journal
  quantitative analysis
  toxicology
  working memory
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014480655
MEDLINE PMID
  24651468 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24651468)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.71
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 185
TITLE
  Assessing student pharmacists' ability to identify drug-related problems in 
patients within a patient-centered medical home.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Armor B.L.
  Bulkley C.F.
  Truong T.
  Carter S.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Armor B.L.; Bulkley C.F.; Truong T.; Carter S.M.) The University of 
Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.L. Armor,
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2014) 78:1 (6). Date of 
Publication: 12 Feb 2014
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To quantify, describe, and categorize patient drug-related problems (DRPs) 
and recommendations identified by fourth-year (P4) student pharmacists 
during a live medication reconciliation activity within a patient-centered 
medical home (PCMH). Fourth-year student pharmacists conducted chart 
reviews, identified and documented DRPs, obtained live medication histories, 
and immediately provided findings and recommendations to the attending 
physicians. Documentation of DRPs and recommendations were analyzed 
retrospectively. Thirty-eight students completed 99 medication 
reconciliation sessions from June 2011 to October 2012 during their advanced 
pharmacy practice experience (APPE). The students obtained 676 patient 
medication histories and identified or intervened on 1308 DRPs. The most 
common DRPs reported were incomplete medication list and 
diagnostic/laboratory testing needed. Physicians accepted 1,018 
(approximately 78%) recommendations. Student pharmacists successfully 
identified and reduced DRPs through a live medication reconciliation process 
within an academic-based PCMH model. Their medication history-taking skills 
improved and medication use was optimized.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction (diagnosis, therapy)
  clinical competence
  medication compliance
  patient care
  pharmacy student
  professional standard
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Adverse drug effects
  article
  drug-related problems
  human
  medication therapy management
  methodology
  patient-centered medical home
  primary medical care
  retrospective study
  standard
  student pharmacist
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24558274 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558274)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7816
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 186
TITLE
  Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of single- and 
multiple-ascending doses of a novel kappa opioid receptor antagonist 
LY2456302 and drug interaction with ethanol in healthy subjects
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lowe S.L.
  Wong C.J.
  Witcher J.
  Gonzales C.R.
  Dickinson G.L.
  Bell R.L.
  Rorick-Kehn L.
  Weller M.
  Stoltz R.R.
  Royalty J.
  Tauscher-Wisniewski S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lowe S.L., lowe_stephen@lilly.com) Lilly-NUS Centre for Clinical 
Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
(Wong C.J.; Witcher J.; Gonzales C.R.; Dickinson G.L.; Bell R.L.; 
Rorick-Kehn L.; Tauscher-Wisniewski S.) Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly 
Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
(Lowe S.L., lowe_stephen@lilly.com; Wong C.J.; Witcher J.; Gonzales C.R.; 
Dickinson G.L.; Bell R.L.; Rorick-Kehn L.; Weller M.; Stoltz R.R.; Royalty 
J.; Tauscher-Wisniewski S.) InVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, MI, United 
States.
(Stoltz R.R.; Royalty J.) Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, 
IN, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.L. Lowe, Lilly-NUS Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, National University 
of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. Email: lowe_stephen@lilly.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2014) 54:9 (968-978). Date of Publication: 
September 2014
ISSN
  1552-4604 (electronic)
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., subscrip@blackwellpub.com
ABSTRACT
  Accumulating evidence indicates that selective antagonism of kappa opioid 
receptors may provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of major 
depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. 
LY2456302 is a high-affinity, selective kappa opioid antagonist that 
demonstrates >30-fold functional selectivity over mu and delta opioid 
receptors. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of LY2456302 
were investigated following single oral doses (2-60mg), multiple oral doses 
(2, 10, and 35mg), and when co-administered with ethanol. Plasma 
concentrations of LY2456302 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem 
mass spectrometry method. Safety analyses were conducted on all enrolled 
subjects. LY2456302 doses were well-tolerated with no clinically significant 
findings. No safety concerns were seen on co-administration with ethanol. No 
evidence for an interaction between LY2456302 and ethanol on cognitive-motor 
performance was detected. LY2456302 displayed rapid oral absorption and a 
terminal half-life of approximately 30-40hours. Plasma exposure of LY2456302 
increased proportionally with increasing doses and reached steady state 
after 6-8 days of once-daily dosing. Steady-state PK of LY2456302 were not 
affected by coadministration of a single dose of ethanol. No clinically 
important changes in maximum concentration (C(max)) or AUC of ethanol (in 
the presence of LY2456302) were observed. © 2014, The American College of 
Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  kappa opiate receptor antagonist (clinical trial, drug dose, 
pharmacokinetics)
  ly 2456302 (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol (drug combination, drug interaction)
  placebo
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  anxiety
  article
  cognition
  controlled study
  crossover procedure
  diarrhea (side effect)
  double blind procedure
  drug absorption
  drug blood level
  drug dose increase
  female
  headache (drug therapy)
  human
  liquid chromatography
  major clinical study
  male
  middle aged
  motor performance
  randomized controlled trial
  single drug dose
  tandem mass spectrometry
  viral upper respiratory tract infection (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  ly 2456302
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014524996
MEDLINE PMID
  24619932 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24619932)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.286
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 187
TITLE
  Managing alcohol problems in general practice in Europe: Results from the 
European ODHIN survey of general practitioners
AUTHOR NAMES
  Anderson P.
  Wojnar M.
  Jakubczyk A.
  Gual A.
  Segura L.
  Sovinova H.
  Csemy L.
  Kaner E.
  Newbury-birch D.
  Fornasin A.
  Struzzo P.
  Ronda G.
  Van steenkiste B.
  Keurhorst M.
  Laurant M.
  Ribeiro C.
  Do rosário F.
  Alves I.
  Scafato E.
  Gandin C.
  Kolsek M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Anderson P., ajakubczyk@wum.edu.pl; Kaner E.; Newbury-birch D.) University 
of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
(Anderson P., ajakubczyk@wum.edu.pl; Ronda G.; Van steenkiste B.) Maastricht 
University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
(Wojnar M.; Jakubczyk A.) Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of 
Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
(Gual A.) Fundacio Privada Clinic per a la Recerca Biomèdica/Hospital 
Clinico i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
(Segura L.) Generalitat De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
(Sovinova H.; Csemy L.) The National Institute of Public Health, Prague, 
Czech Republic.
(Fornasin A.) Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Statistiche, Università 
degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy.
(Struzzo P.) Centro Regional di Formazione per l'Area dlle Cure Primarie, 
Monfalcone, Italy.
(Keurhorst M.; Laurant M.) Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 
Netherlands.
(Laurant M.) HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(Ribeiro C.; Do rosário F.; Alves I.) General-Diretorate for Intervention on 
Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies, Lisbon, Portugal.
(Scafato E.; Gandin C.) Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
(Kolsek M.) Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of 
Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Anderson, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 
Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland. Email: ajakubczyk@wum.edu.pl
SOURCE
  Alcohol and Alcoholism (2014) 49:5 (531-539) Article Number: agu043. Date of 
Publication: September 2014
ISSN
  1464-3502 (electronic)
  0735-0414
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Oxford University Press, jnl.info@oup.co.uk
ABSTRACT
  Aims: To document the attitudes of general practitioners (GPs) from eight 
European countries to alcohol and alcohol problems and how these attitudes 
are associated with self-reported activity in managing patients with alcohol 
and alcohol problems. Methods: A total of 2345 GPs were surveyed. The 
questionnaire included questions on the GP's demographics, reported 
education and training on alcohol, attitudes towards managing alcohol 
problems and self-reported estimates of numbers of patients managed for 
alcohol and alcohol problems during the previous year. Results: The 
estimated mean number of patients managed for alcohol and alcohol problems 
during the previous year ranged from 5 to 21 across the eight countries. GPs 
who reported higher levels of education for alcohol problems and GPs who 
felt more secure in managing patients with such problems reported managing a 
higher number of patients. GPs who reported that doctors tended to have a 
disease model of alcohol problems and those who felt that drinking was a 
personal rather than a medical responsibility reported managing a lower 
number of patients. Conclusion: The extent of alcohol education and GPs' 
attitudes towards alcohol were associated with the reported number of 
patients managed. Thus, it is worth exploring the extent to which improved 
education, using pharmacotherapy in primary health care and a shift to 
personalized health care in which individual patients are facilitated to 
undertake their own assessment and management (individual responsibility) 
might increase the number of heavy drinkers who receive feedback on their 
drinking and support to reduce their drinking. © The Author 2014. Medical 
Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol consumption
  general practitioner
  physician attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  early intervention
  educational status
  Europe
  female
  general practice
  health care delivery
  health survey
  human
  male
  medical ethics
  primary health care
  priority journal
  self concept
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014541566
MEDLINE PMID
  25031247 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25031247)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agu043
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 188
TITLE
  An investigation of strategies enhancing the public health role of community 
pharmacists: A review of knowledge and information
AUTHOR NAMES
  Agomo C.O.
  Ogunleye J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Agomo C.O., c.agomo@ucl.ac.uk) Department of Practice and Policy, UCL 
School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom.
(Agomo C.O., c.agomo@ucl.ac.uk; Ogunleye J.) Institute for Work Based 
Learning, Middlesex University (Hendon Campus), London, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.O. Agomo, Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N-1AX, United Kingdom. Email: c.agomo@ucl.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research (2014) 5:2 (135-145). 
Date of Publication: June 2014
ISSN
  1759-8893 (electronic)
  1759-8885
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, customerservices@oxonblackwellpublishing.com
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The study aims to review the literature about strategies that can 
enhance the public health role of community pharmacists in the UK; and to 
identify main themes emerging from the literature as well as identify gaps 
there from. Methods: Relevant literature from both the UK and overseas was 
identified, through electronic database searches. The search was limited to 
the period from January 2007 to May 2012. Key findings: There are numerous 
opportunities for community pharmacists in public health. Following the 
review of knowledge and information, a wide range of strategies that could 
help enhance the public health role of community pharmacists in the UK were 
identified. The dominant themes included strategies to enhance the public 
health role of community pharmacists through: enhancing the effectiveness of 
communication techniques of students and pharmacists; advancing pharmacy 
practice experience of students in public health; enhancing the public 
health content of pharmacy curricula; managing legitimate medication needs 
of the public to identify/prevent drug-related problems; as well as 
promoting patients' self-management capacities. Conclusions: Although a wide 
range of strategies that could help enhance the public health role of 
community pharmacists in the UK were identified, there were, however, gaps 
in the UK evidence base. There is a need to enhance, among other things, the 
public health training and skills of pharmacists, enabling the development 
of a mixed market in community pharmacy practice by contracting public 
health services directly to individual pharmacists, as well as pharmacists 
using newer technologies, including the social media, to enhance public 
health practice. JPHSR © 2014 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  public health service
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  education program
  evidence based practice
  experience
  human
  information processing
  interpersonal communication
  medical student
  priority journal
  professional competence
  professional knowledge
  professional practice
  self care
  social media
  United Kingdom
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014332696
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphs.12056
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 189
TITLE
  Component analysis of Iranian crack; A newly abused narcotic substance in 
Iran
AUTHOR NAMES
  Farhoudian A.
  Sadeghi M.
  Vishteh H.R.K.
  Moazen B.
  Fekri M.
  Movaghar A.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Farhoudian A.; Vishteh H.R.K.) Iranian Research Center for Substance Abuse 
and Dependence, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, 
Tehran, Iran.
(Sadeghi M., msadeghi_md@yahoo.com) IRSA Center for Psychology and Addiction 
Study, Tehran, Iran.
(Moazen B.) Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and 
Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical 
Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Moazen B.) Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and 
Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical 
Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Fekri M.; Movaghar A.R.) Bahar Laboratory of Toxicology, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Sadeghi, IRSA Center for Psychology and Addiction Study, Tehran, Iran. 
Email: msadeghi_md@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2014) 13:1 (337-344). Date of 
Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1726-6890 (electronic)
  1735-0328
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, info@ijpr-online.com
ABSTRACT
  Iranian crack is a new form of narcotic substance that has found widespread 
prevalence in Iran in the past years. crack only nominally resembles crack 
cocaine as it is widely different in its clinical signs. Thus the present 
study aims to quantify the chemical combination of this drug. The samples 
included 18 specimen of crack collected from different zones of Tehran, 
Iran. All specimens were in the form of inodorous cream solid powdery 
substance. TLC and HPLC methods were used to perform semi-quantitative and 
quantitative analysis of the components, respectively. The TLC analysis 
showed no cocaine compound in the specimens while they all revealed to 
contain heroin, codeine, morphine and caffeine. All but two specimens 
contained thebaine. None of the specimens contained amphetamine, 
benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, aspirin, barbiturates, tramadol 
and buprenorphine. Acetaminophen was found in four specimens. HPLC revealed 
heroin to be the foundation substance in all specimens and most of them 
contained a significant amount of acetylcodeine. The present analysis of the 
chemical combination of crack showed that this substance is a heroin-based 
narcotic which is basically different from the cocaine-based crack used in 
Western countries. Studies like the present one at different time points, 
especially when abnormal clinical signs are detected, can reveal the 
chemical combination of the target substance and contribute to the clinical 
management of its acute or chronic poisoning. © 2014 by School of Pharmacy 
Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylcodeine
  caffeine
  codeine
  diamorphine
  morphine
  paracetamol
  thebaine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  chemical analysis
  high performance liquid chromatography
  Iran
  quantitative analysis
  thin layer chromatography
DEVICE MANUFACTURERS
   (Japan)Shimadzu
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylcodeine (6703-27-1)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  thebaine (115-37-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014441317
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 190
TITLE
  Impact of the Pharmacist Medication Review Services on Drug-Related Problems 
and Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Renally Cleared Medications in 
Residents of Aged Care Facilities
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gheewala P.A.
  Peterson G.M.
  Curtain C.M.
  Nishtala P.S.
  Hannan P.J.
  Castelino R.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gheewala P.A., Pankti.Gheewala@utas.edu.au; Peterson G.M.; Curtain C.M.; 
Castelino R.L.) School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, 
Hobart, Australia.
(Nishtala P.S.) School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New 
Zealand.
(Hannan P.J.) Meditrax, Sydney, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.A. Gheewala, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, 
Hobart, Australia.
SOURCE
  Drugs and Aging (2014) 31:11 (825-835). Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  1179-1969 (electronic)
  1170-229X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer International Publishing
ABSTRACT
  Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in aged care facilities 
and few studies have been conducted to determine the impact of the 
pharmacist-conducted medication review services. Studies determining the 
prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and data regarding inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications in aged care facilities in 
Australia are also lacking.Objectives: To investigate the number and nature 
of DRPs identified and recommendations made by pharmacists in residents of 
aged care facilities. To determine the prevalence of CKD and estimate the 
magnitude of inappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications in 
residents of aged care facilities.Methods: DRPs identified and 
recommendations made by pharmacists were classified using the adapted 
version of the DOCUMENT classification system. The modification of diet in 
renal disease formula was used to estimate the prevalence of CKD, and the 
Cockcroft–Gault formula was used to estimate the magnitude of inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications.Results: Over 98 % of residents 
of aged care facilities had at least one DRP. Most (83.8 %) recommendations 
made by accredited pharmacists to resolve DRPs were accepted by general 
practitioners. CKD was prevalent in 48 % of residents, and inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications was identified in 28 (16 %) 
residents with CKD.Conclusions: DRPs are common in aged care facilities and 
the impact of medication review services appears to be high. CKD is also 
common among residents of aged care facilities, and inappropriate 
prescribing of renally cleared medications was also prevalent, warranting 
attention to regular renal function monitoring and appropriate drug and dose 
selection in residents of aged care facilities.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  creatinine (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic kidney disease (epidemiology)
  inappropriate prescribing
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
  renal clearance
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  aged hospital patient
  article
  creatinine blood level
  diet
  drug surveillance program
  elderly care
  female
  general practitioner
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical documentation
  prevalence
  resident
  retrospective study
  very elderly
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  creatinine (19230-81-0, 60-27-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Urology and Nephrology (28)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015639312
MEDLINE PMID
  25187228 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25187228)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-014-0208-y
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 191
TITLE
  Educational needs, practice patterns and quality indicators to improve 
geriatric pharmacy care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zou D.
  Tannenbaum C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zou D.; Tannenbaum C., cara.tannenbaum@umontreal.ca) Université de 
Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Tannenbaum, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. Email: 
cara.tannenbaum@umontreal.ca
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmacists Journal (2014) 147:2 (110-117). Date of Publication: 
March 2014
ISSN
  1913-701X (electronic)
  1715-1635
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Pharmacists Association, 1785 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, Canada.
ABSTRACT
  Background: As the population ages and pressureincreases to reduce adverse 
drug reactionsand drug-related hospitalizations in the elderly,there will be 
a growing demand for pharmaciststo competently take on shared responsibility 
foreffective and safe prescribing in older adults.Methods: A cross-sectional 
postal survey was distributedto 3927 hospital and community 
pharmacistsacross Québec about their educationalneeds and practice patterns 
in geriatric care. Perceptionsof different quality performance 
indicatorswere sought. Modifiable factors associatedwith higher performance 
were determined usingunivariate logistic regression.Results: Seven hundred 
six pharmacists (18%)completed the survey. Less than 50% were awareof the 
prevalence of polypharmacy, inappropriateprescribing, drug-related 
hospitalizations or fallsin the geriatric population. Forty-one percentof 
community pharmacists and 74% of hospitalpharmacists acknowledged 
familiarity with theBeers criteria of drugs to avoid in the elderly. 
Thelikelihood of screening for inappropriate prescriptionswas 2.96 (95% 
confidence interval =1.97-4.47) among pharmacists familiar with theBeers 
criteria and 2.24 (95% confidence interval =1.50-3.34) among those who 
received continuinggeriatric education in the workplace. On 
average,pharmacists reported having time to conductdetailed medication 
reviews in 30% of their olderpatients. The 2 quality indicators of geriatric 
carethat were ranked most pertinent were being ableto track the number of 
patients requiring hospitalizationfor drug-related problems and 
monitoringrates of inappropriate prescriptions. Ninety-sixpercent of 
respondents desired continuing educationabout geriatric care.Conclusion: 
Exposure to continuing education in geriatric pharmacotherapy in the 
workplace is themost consistent determinant of professional performance to 
improve drug outcomes in the elderly. © The Author(s) 2014.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  geriatric care
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  awareness
  cross-sectional study
  drug safety
  education
  health care practice
  health care quality
  health care survey
  human
  knowledge
  patient satisfaction
  polypharmacy
  practice guideline
  prescription
  treatment refusal
  work experience
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014272859
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163514521378
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 192
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care as a strategy to improve the safety and effectiveness of 
patients' pharmacotherapy at a pharmacy school: A practical proposal
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chemello C.
  de Souza F.
  Patricio E.S.
  Farias M.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chemello C., clachemello@yahoo.com.br; Farias M.R.) Department of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of 
Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
(de Souza F.) University Hospital of Federal University of Santa Catarina 
Professor Polydoro Ernani de Sao Thiago, Florianopolis, Brazil.
(Patricio E.S.) Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Chemello, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health 
Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina Flori-anopolis, Campus 
Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Email: 
clachemello@yahoo.com.br
SOURCE
  Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014) 50:1 (185-193). Date of 
Publication: 2014
ISSN
  2175-9790 (electronic)
  1984-8250
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca), bjps@usp.br
ABSTRACT
  Several patients experience at least one drug-related problem and 
Pharmaceutical Care can change this reality. This work describes a model for 
structuring the pharmaceutical care service at a pharmacy training unit of 
the Brazilian Public Health System based on pharmacotherapy follow-up 
program of Parkinson's disease patients' results. From the follow-up results 
(phase 1), a Therapy Management Scheme was designed (phase 2). Of the 57 
patients followed-up, 30 presented at least one drug-related problem and 42% 
were non-adherent to treatment, which supported the need of pharmacotherapy 
management. The Pharmacotherapy Management Scheme was proposed as a 
pharmaceutical care service model, which presents 6 steps: first, the 
pharmacist fills out the dispensing form and assesses patient́s 
pharmacotherapy, if there is a suspect problem, he is invited to the 
follow-up (steps 1 and 2) and they agree the first appointment. After that, 
pharmacist studies the patient's case (study phase, steps 3 and 4). At the 
second meeting, the pharmacist proposes the intervention needed, and at the 
third, assesses the intervention results and new problems (steps 5 and 6, 
respectively). The process ends when all therapeutics outcomes are reached. 
This practical model can significantly contributed to the development and 
organization of pharmaceutical care services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiparkinson agent (drug therapy)
  benserazide plus levodopa (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  carbidopa plus levodopa (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  case study
  clinical evaluation
  clinical pharmacy
  clinical protocol
  constipation (side effect)
  drug efficacy
  female
  follow up
  hallucination (side effect)
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  Parkinson disease (disease management, drug therapy)
  patient care
  patient compliance
  patient safety
  pharmacist attitude
  process model
  public health service
  quality of life
  treatment refusal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  benserazide plus levodopa (37270-69-2)
  carbidopa plus levodopa (57308-51-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Portuguese
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014331769
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502011000100019
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 193
TITLE
  Off-label use and designation of age groupspecific contraindications for 
pharmacotherapy in children in Korea
AUTHOR NAMES
  Park M.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Park M.S., minspark@yuhs.ac) Department of Pediatrics and Department of 
Clinical Pharmacology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of 
Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.S. Park, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 
Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South 
Korea.
SOURCE
  Translational and Clinical Pharmacology (2014) 22:2 (58-63) Article Number: 
A004. Date of Publication: 2014
ISSN
  2289-0882
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Korean Society Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
ABSTRACT
  Children should be treated with medicines that have been tested for efficacy 
and safety in the given age groups. In reality the majority of drugs being 
used in children lack such information, inevitably leading to the “off-label 
use.” Over decades there have been concerns regarding risk of adverse 
effects with such off-label uses. However, in most countries rational 
application of off-label uses have not been prohibited, since it may be the 
only available and perhaps the best possible treatment option. In contrast, 
in an effort to minimize such use and per se ‘protect’ children from 
possible harm associated with it, Korea has launched “Drug Utilization 
Review” system, which included age group-specific contraindications, based 
on the labeling information approved by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. 
The problem lies in the definition and scope of ‘contraindication.’ Lack of 
evidence for safety and concern for risk of serious adverse drug reactions 
are the basis for contraindication. This leads to branding of off-label uses 
as contraindications in certain age groups. This policy is restricting the 
already scarce treatment options and suffocating the initiative for 
developing better pharmacotherapy for children. We should learn from other 
countries that have travailed more to provide better medicines to children. 
Clinical trials of new drugs as well as existing drugs in pediatric 
populations are strongly encouraged. Simple prohibition of off-label use is 
not the answer, but rather systematized management of off-label use as well 
as conduct of clinical trials in pediatric age groups must be encouraged and 
supported.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  atropine
  benzyl alcohol
  ciprofloxacin
  fentanyl
  levofloxacin
  lorazepam
  new drug
  pancuronium
  phenobarbital
  phenytoin
  prescription drug
  terbutaline
  venlafaxine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug contraindication
  drug indication
  off label drug use
  pediatrics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Australia
  child
  drug information
  drug labeling
  drug safety
  drug use
  drug utilization
  human
  Netherlands
  practice guideline
  United States
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  effexor xr
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  atropine (51-55-8, 55-48-1)
  benzyl alcohol (100-51-6)
  ciprofloxacin (85721-33-1)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  levofloxacin (100986-85-4, 138199-71-0)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  phenobarbital (50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  terbutaline (23031-25-6)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2015425366
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.12793/tcp.2014.22.2.58
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 194
TITLE
  Understanding the medication experiences of Thai patients attending a 
medication therapy management clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sakthong P.
  Winit-Watjana W.
  Sakulbumrungsil R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sakthong P., phantipa.s@chula.ac.th) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
(Winit-Watjana W.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical 
Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
(Sakulbumrungsil R.) Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Sakthong, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chulalongkorn University, 
Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. Email: 
phantipa.s@chula.ac.th
SOURCE
  Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014) 38:1 (21-27). Date of 
Publication: January - March 2014
ISSN
  1905-4637 (electronic)
  0125-4685
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, 
Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand. tjps@chula.ac.th
ABSTRACT
  The study aimed to explore Thai patients' medication experiences in five 
domains, i.e., attitudes, understanding, expectations and wants, concerns, 
and convenience of medicine use. This cross-sectional descriptive study was 
carried out using a qualitative interview with some quantitative queries in 
patients attending the Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Clinic of the 
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Chulalongkorn University between 
October 2010 and March 2011. The eligibility criteria included adults aged 
over 20, taking medication continuously for at least three months, 
understanding the Thai language with no cognitive impairments, and willing 
to participate in the study. Eligible patients were interviewed face-to-face 
using open-ended questions about their medication experiences in five 
domains. All data were coded and analyzed using a content analysis and 
descriptive statistics. A convenience sample of 25 patients completed the 
study. Their mean age was 56.9 ± 13.5 years (range: 24 - 79) and slightly 
more than half (52 %) were female. The most common diseases from which they 
suffered were hypertension (84 %), hyperlipidemia (52 %), and diabetes (16 
%). Almost all of them disliked taking their medicines, but did it owing to 
perceived necessity. Most patients did not know about the medicine 
side-effects, followed by the medicine names, strengths, and goals of 
treatment. They mostly expected that their medications should relieve the 
symptoms or cure the diseases and were concerned about the adverse effects. 
Additionally, the majority reported it was convenient to take their 
medicines. Patients' medication experiences in various domains are crucial 
for drug therapy and pharmaceutical care. These could help identify, prevent 
and resolve patients' drug -related problems from their own perspectives.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  enalapril (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  hypocholesterolemic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  vitamin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medication therapy management
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  attitude to health
  comprehension
  content analysis
  coughing (side effect)
  cross-sectional study
  descriptive research
  diabetes mellitus
  diet supplementation
  drug cost
  drug indication
  drug use
  drug withdrawal
  expectation
  female
  herbal medicine
  human
  hyperlipidemia
  hypertension (drug therapy)
  male
  open-ended questionnaire
  patient participation
  physical activity
  pilot study
  rhabdomyolysis (side effect)
  Thai (people)
  treatment duration
  vitamin supplementation
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  enalapril (75847-73-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014539286
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 195
TITLE
  Abuse liability of flupirtine revisited: Implications of spontaneous reports 
of adverse drug reactions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gahr M.
  Freudenmann R.W.
  Connemann B.J.
  Hiemke C.
  Schonfeldt-Lecuona C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gahr M., maximilian.gahr@uni-ulm.de; Freudenmann R.W.; Connemann B.J.; 
Schonfeldt-Lecuona C.) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, 
University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm 89075, Germany.
(Hiemke C.) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical 
Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Gahr, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, 
Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm 89075, Germany. Email: maximilian.gahr@uni-ulm.de
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2013) 53:12 (1328-1333). Date of 
Publication: December 2013
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Rd, Chiswell Green Ln, 
Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Early studies suggested that the centrally acting non]opioid and 
non]steroidal analgesic flupirtine (FLP) has no potential for abuse. 
However, FLPLs agonistic effects at the GABAA receptor might prime addictive 
behaviors, and literature provides some anecdotal reports on FLP 
abuse/dependence. To shed more light on this topic we acquired and evaluated 
data obtained from a national German pharmacovigilance database. We analyzed 
all reports of FLP abuse/dependence that were recorded in the database of 
the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). A total 
of n.48 reports of FLP abuse/dependence could be identified (mean age 45 
years, 62.5% female). First reports were submitted to BfArM in 1991 with 
increasing numbers of annual reports from the year 2006 on. Mean daily FLP 
dosage was 805 mg (range 200.3,000 mg). Current or previous substance abuse/ 
dependence was reported in 21% and 17%, respectively. Mean duration of FLP 
abuse/dependence until report to BfArM was 23 months (range 1.84 months). 
Withdrawal syndromes after discontinuation of FLP were reported in n.9 
(19%). Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that FLP features a potential 
to cause addictive behaviors. Female sex, age 40 years, and long]term 
FLP]treatment may be possible risk factors for the development of FLP 
abuse/dependence. © 2013, The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  flupirtine (pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 aminobutyric acid A receptor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  drug dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  data base
  drug surveillance program
  human
  medical device
  review
  risk factor
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  flupirtine (56995-20-1, 75507-68-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014066597
MEDLINE PMID
  24037995 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24037995)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.164
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 196
TITLE
  High-alert medications in pediatrics hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bataille J.
  Joret P.
  Prot-Labarthe S.
  Bourdon O.
  Brion F.
  Hartmann J.-F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bataille J.; Joret P.; Prot-Labarthe S.; Bourdon O.; Brion F.) APHP, 
Pharmacie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
(Bataille J.; Joret P.; Bourdon O.; Brion F.) Pharmacie Clinique, Université 
Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
(Bourdon O.; Brion F.) Laboratoire Education et Pratiques de Santé, 
Université Paris XIII, Bobigny, Paris, France.
(Hartmann J.-F.) Coordonnateur de La Gestion Des Risques AssociéS Aux Soins, 
CLIN/CVRiS Resp. du Manag. De La Qualite de La Prise En Charge 
MeDicamenteuse, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Bataille, APHP, Pharmacie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:6 (1321). Date of 
Publication: December 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  42nd ESCP Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy: Implementation of Pharmacy 
Practice
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Prague, Czech Republic
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-16 to 2013-10-18
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Background and Objective: High-alert medications have the highest risk of 
causing injury when misused. Errors on high-alert medications occur at the 
same rate compared to usual medicine. Pediatric population itself is at high 
risk of drug misuse. The aim of this study is to identify clinicians, nurses 
and pharmacists perceptions of high-alert medications and to develop a 
pediatrics specific high-alert medications list. Setting and Method: A three 
step process was set: (1) review of literature, (2) electronic survey was 
sent to clinicians (seniors and residents), registered nurses, young nurses 
and pharmacists working in a pediatric university French hospital. They 
suggested their top ten highalert medications and the medication which was 
the most frequently involved. They were asked the type of errors they have 
already encountered and to describe the consequences of the misuse. Results 
were compared to the Institute for Safe Medications Practices list and 
Franke&al PICU-specific, high-alert medications list. (3) consensus of 
experts who approved a list of high-alert medications for the hospital. Main 
outcome measures: Obtain a pediatrics specific high-alert medications list. 
Results: The review of literature pinpoints four documentary sources 27 
medication classes and 63 specific medications. Only one study has 
identified a pediatric intensive care unit, specific high-alert medications 
in the United States (US). The response survey rate was 20 % and nurses were 
the most represented category. The number of medicines listed fluctuate form 
3-10. The consensus list was composed of 17 medication classes and specific 
medications such as adrenaline aerosol, amiodarone, anticoagulants and 
antimalarial drugs. The complete table will be presented in the final 
poster. Conclusions: Four medications weren't identified on the Institute 
for Safe Medications Practices list and the PICU-specific, high-alert 
medications list: injectable acetaminophen, quinine and derivates, magnesium 
sulfate and adrenaline aerosol. This difference could be due to diversity of 
practice between France and US (incidence of pathology, habit of care and 
specific commercialized medicine). Currently, no pediatrics' specific 
high-alert medications list was described in France and only one in the US. 
The diffusion of the list can sensibilise the nursing staff to the drugs 
they have to be aware of. A national study has to be conducted in other 
pediatrics' hospital to confirm these results.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adrenalin
  amiodarone
  anticoagulant agent
  antimalarial agent
  magnesium sulfate
  paracetamol
  quinine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug therapy
  hospital
  pediatrics
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aerosol
  consensus
  diffusion
  drug misuse
  France
  habit
  human
  injury
  intensive care unit
  nurse
  nursing staff
  pathology
  pharmacist
  population
  registered nurse
  risk
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9886-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 197
TITLE
  Promoting direct patient care services at community pharmacies through 
advanced pharmacy practice experiences
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kassam R.
  Kwong M.
  Collins J.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kassam R., rosemin.kassam@ubc.ca) Structured Practice Education Program, 
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 
Vancouver BC, Canada.
(Kwong M.) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British 
Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada.
(Collins J.B.) Department of Educational Studies, University of British 
Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Kassam, Structured Practice Education Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada. Email: 
rosemin.kassam@ubc.ca
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 21:6 (368-377). Date of 
Publication: December 2013
ISSN
  0961-7671
  2042-7174 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 1 Lambeth High Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives To determine the relative benefits of three different models of 
advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in successfully integrating the 
delivery of direct patient care into students' final year community pharmacy 
clerkships. Methods All fourth-year pharmacy students at the University of 
British Columbia were divided into one of three study arms for their 
community APPE: a 2 × 4-week rotation in a traditional format, a 1 × 8-week 
rotation where their preceptors had experienced a 2-day education course and 
a 1 × 8-week rotation with both preceptor education plus a 5-day pre-APPE 
in-store orientation and peer debriefing. Key findings All 123 students 
conducted patient consultations and documented their care. Students in the 
pre-APPE + preceptor education arm provided nearly double the number of 
direct patient consultations than did students in the 
preceptor-education-only arm or the traditional 2 × 4-week arm. Numbers of 
drug-related problems identified and interventions performed per patient 
consult did not differ across study arms. Conclusions Pre-APPE orientation 
activities provided an enhanced learning environment, promoted greater 
student engagement, provided care to more patients, increased preceptor 
preparedness and enhanced in-store patient-centred care practice. Certain of 
these learning activities can also form part of third- and fourth-year 
introductory pharmacy practice experiences to prepare students for their 
final-year APPE. © 2013 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  patient care
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  consultation
  human
  medical education
  medical practice
  pharmacy student
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013711863
MEDLINE PMID
  23419050 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419050)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12016
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 198
TITLE
  The patient's medication experience as the root of drug therapy problems in 
patients with type 2 diabetes
AUTHOR NAMES
  Aguiar P.M.
  Brito G.C.
  Lyra Jr. D.P.
  Storpirtis S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Aguiar P.M.; Storpirtis S.) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University 
of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
(Brito G.C.; Lyra Jr. D.P.) College of Pharmacy, Federal University of 
Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.M. Aguiar, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 
São Paulo, Brazil.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:6 (1322-1323). Date of 
Publication: December 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  42nd ESCP Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy: Implementation of Pharmacy 
Practice
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Prague, Czech Republic
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-16 to 2013-10-18
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Background and Objective: In order to ensure effective, patientcentered 
medication management, the pharmacists should incorporate the perspectives 
and needs of patients into their clinical judgment and decision-making 
processes. The medication experience is different for each individual 
patient and can shape patients' behaviors regarding their medications; it 
might lead to the development of drug therapy problems (DTPs). Thus, the 
purpose of this study was to identify the DTPs rooted in patients' 
medication experiences. Setting and Method: A 10-month prospective study of 
medication management was conducted at Metabolic Diseases Clinic, University 
Hospital of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients were enrolled if they had been 
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, were aged 40 to 79 years and presented 
glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 7 %. The pharmaceutical interviews were 
conducted face-to-face after the medical appointments, along with remote 
support by telephone. Pharmacist performed monitoring of DTPs and examined 
if the patients' medication experiences (e.g., values, desires, and fears 
associated with care and treatment) could influence their development. The 
most likely causes of DTPs, as well as possible solutions, were discussed 
with each patient. Main outcome measures: The number of DTPs rooted in 
patients' medication experiences identified/resolved by the clinical 
pharmacist. Results: Of the 40 patients enrolled, the mean age was 61.5 
years (± 7.7), and 67.5 % were female. All patients presented at least one 
DTP. A total of 143 DTPs were documented and 49 (34.3 %) of these were 
rooted in patients' medication experiences. The adherence was the DTP more 
frequently (36; 73.5 %) related with subjective experiences reported by 
patients, such as doubts the need for the medications (21; 42.9 %) and does 
not like to take medications (10; 20.4 %).The main clinical pharmacist's 
interventions consisted of educate on health condition and/or medication and 
work to prioritize health goals, sharing how the medication can fit those 
goals. Of the total number of these DTPs 39 (79.6 %) were resolved through 
dialogue and agreement with the patient. Conclusions: In our study, the 
medication experience influenced patients' attitudes and medication-taking 
behavior and it may be sometimes considered the root cause of DTPs. The 
understanding of the medication experience was vital to assess patients' 
needs and for planning interventions in the care process.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  glycosylated hemoglobin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug therapy
  human
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  patient
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Brazil
  decision making
  fear
  female
  health
  hospital
  interview
  medication therapy management
  metabolic disorder
  monitoring
  pharmacist
  planning
  prospective study
  telephone
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9886-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 199
TITLE
  Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of self medication among 
medical and engineering students at Mgm institute
AUTHOR NAMES
  Katlam S.
  Divya S.
  Ray I.
  Deshmukh Y.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Katlam S.; Divya S.; Ray I.; Deshmukh Y.A.) Department of Pharmacology, MGM 
Medical College, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Katlam, Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College, Kamothe, Navi 
Mumbai, India.
SOURCE
  Indian Journal of Pharmacology (2013) 45 SUPPL. 1 (S258-S259). Date of 
Publication: December 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  46th Annual Conference of the Indian Pharmacological Society, IPSCON 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bangalore, India
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-12-16 to 2013-12-18
ISSN
  0253-7613
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Self medication may results in wastage of resources, drug 
resistance, dependence, prolonged suffering and serious health hazards. The 
study was undertaken to determine the pattern and reasons for self 
medication among medical students as compared to their age matched 
non-medical professional groups. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional 
study was conducted among Medical and Engineering students using a pretested 
semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed and results were 
expressed as percentages. Results: A total of 126 medical students and 100 
engineering students were surveyed. The common ailments for which self 
medication were used in medical students were fever (89%) , common cold 
(84%), headache (83%) and in engineering were common cold (73%), headache 
(71%), Cough (65%). The most common drug class used for self medication were 
Antipyretic (70%), Analgesic (65%), Antibiotics (57%) among medical students 
and Antibiotics (34%), Cough suppressants (34%), Analgesics (20%) among 
engineering students. Medical students consulted their family (73%), Medical 
books (49%), old prescription (30%) whereas engineering students consulted 
family (56%) , pharmacists (33%), friends (25%) for self medication. The 
reasons cited for self medication among medical students were mild illness 
(76%), know which drug to take (56%), urgency (43%) and mild illness (48%), 
and time saving (29%), general well being(25%) among engineering students. 
54% respondents among medical students and 15% engineering students had 
knowledge of drugs. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication among 
medical students is higher as compared to engineering students. This is 
facilitated by the easy availability of drugs, information from textbooks 
and medical background of their parents.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  antibiotic agent
  antipyretic agent
  antitussive agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  engineering
  human
  Indian
  self medication
  society
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  book
  common cold
  coughing
  cross-sectional study
  diseases
  drug resistance
  fever
  friend
  headache
  health hazard
  medical student
  parent
  pharmacist
  prescription
  prevalence
  structured questionnaire
  wellbeing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 200
TITLE
  Legislative initiatives and review of abuse-deterrent opioid formulations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ng K.E.
  Ahmed E.
  Saad M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ng K.E.; Ahmed E.; Saad M.) College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. 
John's University, Queens, NY, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 
United States.
SOURCE
  U.S. Pharmacist (2013) 38:10 (21-26). Date of Publication: 2013
ISSN
  0148-4818
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Jobson Publishing Corporation, 100 Avenue of the Americas, New York, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Opioid analgesics are the mainstay treatment of moderate-to-severe pain. 
However, opioids carry a risk of misuse, abuse, and death, and recently have 
become a public health challenge. In response to the steady increase in 
opioid abuse, pressure has been growing on pharmaceutical companies to 
develop prescription opioid formulations that help deter abuse while 
remaining readily accessible for pain management. This article discusses 
some of the novel abuse-deterrent formulation methods, including aversion, 
physical barrier, and agonist-antagonist. It also addresses some of the 
legislative initiatives and the role of pharmacists in providing education 
to health care professionals and patients as well as increasing their 
awareness of prescription opioid misuse and abuse. Pain is a significant 
public health problem in the United States. It is estimated that over 100 
million people in the U.S. live with chronic pain, a prevalence that is 
greater than heart disease, diabetes, and cancer combined.(1) The 
consequences of unrelieved pain are associated with reduced quality of life 
and are estimated to cost society over $635 billion annually.(1) Pain is 
recognized as a disorder, and is associated with many psychosocial 
conditions, including depression, decreased appetite, and insomnia.(2).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate (drug therapy, pharmaceutics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  naloxone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug formulation
  legal aspect
  opiate addiction
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  chronic pain (drug therapy)
  drug surveillance program
  human
  pain (drug therapy)
  pharmacist
  prescription
  risk assessment
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013689062
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 201
TITLE
  New technologies for examining the role of neuronal ensembles in drug 
addiction and fear
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cruz F.C.
  Koya E.
  Guez-Barber D.H.
  Bossert J.M.
  Lupica C.R.
  Shaham Y.
  Hope B.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cruz F.C.; Koya E.; Guez-Barber D.H.; Bossert J.M.; Lupica C.R.; Shaham Y.; 
Hope B.T., bhope@intra.nida.nih.gov) Intramural Research Program, National 
Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview 
Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
(Koya E.) School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 
9QH, United Kingdom.
(Guez-Barber D.H.) Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 
19104, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.T. Hope, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 
National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, 
United States. Email: bhope@intra.nida.nih.gov
SOURCE
  Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2013) 14:11 (743-754). Date of Publication: 
November 2013
ISSN
  1471-003X
  1471-0048 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Nature Publishing Group, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Correlational data suggest that learned associations are encoded within 
neuronal ensembles. However, it has been difficult to prove that neuronal 
ensembles mediate learned behaviours because traditional pharmacological and 
lesion methods, and even newer cell type-specific methods, affect both 
activated and non-activated neurons. In addition, previous studies on 
synaptic and molecular alterations induced by learning did not distinguish 
between behaviourally activated and non-activated neurons. Here, we describe 
three new approaches-Daun02 inactivation, FACS sorting of activated neurons 
and Fos-GFP transgenic rats-that have been used to selectively target and 
study activated neuronal ensembles in models of conditioned drug effects and 
relapse. We also describe two new tools-Fos-tTA transgenic mice and 
inactivation of CREB-overexpressing neurons-that have been used to study the 
role of neuronal ensembles in conditioned fear. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers 
Limited.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  allatostatin
  baclofen
  beta galactosidase (endogenous compound)
  cocaine
  daunorubicin
  diamorphine
  diphtheria toxin
  muscimol
  protein fos (endogenous compound)
  transcription factor FosB (endogenous compound)
  yohimbine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  fear
  nerve cell
  nerve cell characteristics and functions
  neuronal ensemble
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal tissue
  apoptosis
  article
  association
  basolateral amygdala
  brain electrophysiology
  brain slice
  cell death
  comparative study
  conditioned reflex
  confocal microscopy
  controlled study
  dentate gyrus
  drug effect
  drug exposure
  drug seeking behavior
  drug self administration
  drug use
  epifluorescence microscopy
  flow cytometry
  fluorescence activated cell sorting
  gene expression
  globus pallidus
  immunohistochemistry
  instrumental conditioning
  lateral amygdala
  learning
  locomotion
  memory
  mouse
  nerve cell plasticity
  nonhuman
  nucleus accumbens
  optogenetics
  orbital cortex
  phenotype
  place preference
  prefrontal cortex
  priority journal
  promoter region
  relapse
  reward
  sensitization
  synaptic efficacy
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  allatostatin (110119-33-0)
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  daunorubicin (12707-28-7, 20830-81-3, 23541-50-6)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  muscimol (2763-96-4)
  yohimbine (146-48-5, 65-19-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013669529
MEDLINE PMID
  24088811 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24088811)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3597
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 202
TITLE
  Pharmacists' role in the continued care of patients under opiate 
substitution treatment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Messaadi N.
  Pansu A.
  Cohen O.
  Cottencin O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Messaadi N., nassirme@hotmail.com) Département de Médecine Générale, 
Faculté Henri Warembourg, Université Lille Nord de France, 59045 Lille 
Cedex, France.
(Pansu A.) Maison Médicale Moulins, Lille, France.
(Cohen O.) Pharmacien, Lille, France.
(Cottencin O.) Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Lille, 
Lille, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Messaadi, Département de Médecine Générale, Faculté Henri Warembourg, 
Université Lille Nord de France, 59045 Lille Cedex, France. Email: 
nassirme@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Therapie (2013) 68:6 (393-400). Date of Publication: November-December 2013
ISSN
  0040-5957
  1958-5578 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  EDP Sciences, 17 Avenue du Hoggar - BP 112, Les Ulis Cedex A, France.
ABSTRACT
  Context. In France, over 170 000 persons benefit from opiate substitution 
treatment. The treatment delivery is most often assured by community 
pharmacies spread out throughout the territory. The aim of this study is to 
better know the continued care of individuals treated by methadone or 
high-dose buprenorphine in community pharmacies in Lille (North of France). 
Method. This was a cross-sectionnal descriptive study with hand-delivered 
questionnaires. All pharmacies (n=65) in Lille were included. Results. 
Fifty-eight of pharmacies (89%) responded to the suvey and 55 of them (95%) 
followed patients treated by opiate substitution treatment. Addiction was 
considered as an illness by 53 of pharmacists (91%). Confidential 
discussions could only be conducted at one of every two treatment delivery 
work station. Conclusion. Pharmacists are active in the continued care of 
individuals treated by opiate substitution treatment. They have a privileged 
relationship with the general practitioner. A rearrangement of pharmacies' 
premises could foster the development of therapeutic patient education 
within the pharmacy. © 2013 Société Française de Pharmacologie et de 
Thérapeutique.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate substitution treatment
  patient care
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cross-sectional study
  descriptive research
  drug dependence
  drug megadose
  France
  human
  patient education
  priority journal
  questionnaire
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014006611
MEDLINE PMID
  24246120 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24246120)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2515/therapie/2013059
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 203
TITLE
  Storage, disposal, and utilization of opioids among cancer outpatients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Reddy A.S.
  De La Cruz M.G.J.
  Rodriguez E.M.
  Thames J.
  Wu J.
  Chisholm G.B.
  Liu D.
  Frisbee-Hume S.
  Cantu H.
  Marin A.
  Gayle V.
  Shinn N.
  Xu A.
  Williams J.L.
  Yennurajalingam S.
  Hui D.
  Bruera E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Reddy A.S.; De La Cruz M.G.J.; Rodriguez E.M.; Thames J.; Wu J.; Chisholm 
G.B.; Liu D.; Frisbee-Hume S.; Cantu H.; Marin A.; Gayle V.; Shinn N.; Xu 
A.; Williams J.L.; Yennurajalingam S.; Hui D.; Bruera E.) University of 
Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.S. Reddy, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013) 31:31 SUPPL. 1. Date of Publication: 1 
Nov 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  ASCO's Quality Care Symposium 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Diego, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-11-01 to 2013-11-02
ISSN
  0732-183X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Clinical Oncology
ABSTRACT
  Background: Prescription opioid abuse is an epidemic in the US. Of the 
abusers, 75% obtain the opioid from a friend or relative, which may be 
related to improper opioid storage and disposal practices. Our aim was to 
determine patients' practices of opioid use, storage, and disposal. Methods: 
We surveyed 300 cancer outpatients presenting to our Supportive Care Center 
who were receiving opioids for at least 1 month and collected information 
regarding opioid use, storage, and disposal along with patient 
characteristics and scores on Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener (CAGE) 
questionnaire for alcoholism. Sharing or losing their opioids was defined as 
an unsafe use. Results: The median age of the patients was 57 years; 53% 
were female, 72% were white, and 63% were married. Most (89%) had advanced 
cancer, and lung cancer was the most common (22%). CAGE was positive in 19%, 
9% had history of illicit drug use, and 36% lived with adult/young adult 
children. Of the 300 respondents, 19% stored opioids in the open, 69% kept 
opioids hidden but unlocked, and 9% locked their opioids. Patients with 
history of CAGE positivity (P=.007), illicit drug use (.0002), smoking 
(P=.03), and those living with adult children (P=.004) were more likely to 
keep their opioids locked. 66% were unaware of proper opioid disposal 
methods. 46% had unused opioids at home. 53% did not routinely dispose 
opioids, of whom 44% saved them for future use. 26% indulged in unsafe use 
by sharing (9%) or losing (17%) their opioids, and 44% informed their family 
and friends that they were on pain medications. 39% were unaware that their 
opioid could be fatal when taken by others. Compared with married patients, 
those who were never married [OR=2.92; 95% CI 1.48-5.77], separated 
[OR=11.38; 1.52-112.5], or divorced [OR=1.27; 0.55-2.91] had higher odds of 
unsafe use (P=.006). CAGE positivity (40% vs. 21%, P=.003) and illicit drug 
use (42% vs. 23%, P=.031) were also significant predictors of unsafe use. 
Conclusions: An alarming proportion of patients improperly and unsafely use, 
store, and dispose of opioids. Patient education by physicians/pharmacists 
and creation of more drug take back programs may reduce availability of 
prescription opioids for potential abuse. More research is needed in this 
area.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  illicit drug
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  neoplasm
  outpatient
  storage
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adult child
  advanced cancer
  alcoholism
  divorced person
  drug therapy
  drug use
  epidemic
  eye
  female
  friend
  lung cancer
  married person
  pain
  patient
  patient education
  prescription
  questionnaire
  smoking
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 204
TITLE
  Overdosed paracetamol (acetaminophen) prescriptions and subsequent 
pharmacist interventions in French hospitals
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Prescriptions surdosées en paracétamol (acétaminophéne) et interventions 
subséquentes du pharmacien dans les hôpitaux français
AUTHOR NAMES
  Charpiat B.
  Bedouch P.
  Rose F.X.
  Juste M.
  Roubille R.
  Conort O.
  Allenet B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Charpiat B., bruno.charpiat@chu-lyon.fr; Bedouch P.; Allenet B.) CNRS, 
TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, Themas, Joseph-Fourier University, Grenoble 1, Domaine 
de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche cedex, France.
(Charpiat B., bruno.charpiat@chu-lyon.fr) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103, 
Grande-rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France.
(Rose F.X.) Pharmacy department, EPSM-Morbihan, 56896 Saint-Avé, France.
(Juste M.) Pharmacy department, Auban-Moët hospital, 51205 Épernay, France.
(Roubille R.) Pharmacy department, Lucien-Hussel hospital, 38209 Vienne, 
France.
(Conort O.) Pharmacy department, Cochin hospital, AP-HP, 75879 Paris, 
France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Charpiat, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, Themas, Joseph-Fourier University, 
Grenoble 1, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche cedex, France. Email: 
bruno.charpiat@chu-lyon.fr
SOURCE
  Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises (2013) 71:6 (410-417). Date of 
Publication: November 2013
ISSN
  0003-4509
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Masson SAS, 62 rue Camille Desmoulins, Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, 
France.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Little is known about the manner in which hospital pharmacists 
intervene for overdosed paracetamol prescriptions. The aim of this 
retrospective study was to describe the number and nature of pharmacists' 
interventions (PIs) for overdosed paracetamol adult prescriptions in 
hospitals. Methods: We studied PIs that had been documented by pharmacists 
on the French Society of Clinical Pharmacy website tool between 2007 and 
2010. We identified PIs that were related to paracetamol-containing 
prescriptions of one brand name only (type 1) particularly for patients with 
body weight ≤. 50. kg who were prescribed 4. g/day, and PIs that concerned 
the co-prescription of two paracetamol-containing products (type 2). 
Results: Among 60 hospitals, seven did not report any paracetamol 
overdose-related PIs. Of the 53 hospitals that had at least one PI, 16 did 
not report any type 1 PIs. Bodyweight, liver disease, cirrhosis and chronic 
alcoholism were absent recorded criterions by most of the hospitals included 
in this study. Discussion: Previously published studies have highlighted 
that the most frequent PIs are type 1, especially for patients whose body 
weight is ≤. 50. kg. We observed a broad variability in the number or type 
of PI that were related to overdosed paracetamol prescriptions compared with 
the total of all recorded types of PI. These data suggest that a significant 
number of hospital pharmacists are unaware of the risks that adult patients 
with low body weight are exposed to when receiving four grams 
paracetamol/day over several days. Conclusion: Pharmacist educational 
programs are needed. © 2013.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  paracetamol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug overdose
  hospital care
  pharmacist
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  article
  body weight
  clinical pharmacy
  drug safety
  France
  human
  liver cirrhosis
  medical society
  retrospective study
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  French, English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013716888
MEDLINE PMID
  24206593 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206593)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2013.08.010
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 205
TITLE
  The evaluation of prescription dispensing scores of the pharmacy students 
before and after the problem-based "rational drug use" course: Results of 
the two years' experience
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Eczaci{dotless}li{dotless}k fakültesi öǧrencilerinin reçete 
karşi{dotless}lama skorlari{dotless}ni{dotless}n deǧerlendirilmesiiki 
yi{dotless}lli{dotless}k deneyimin sonuçlari{dotless}
AUTHOR NAMES
  Toklu H.Z.
  Demirdamar R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Toklu H.Z., haletoklu@yahoo.com) Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, 
Istanbul, Turkey.
(Toklu H.Z., haletoklu@yahoo.com; Demirdamar R.) Near East University, 
Nicosia, Cyprus.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Z. Toklu, Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey. 
Email: haletoklu@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal (2013) 17:3 (175-180). Date of Publication: 
2013
ISSN
  1309-0801 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacists have a crucial role in promoting rational use of drugs. 
Therefore, pharmacy schools should prepare a realistic program that is 
competent with the changing role of the pharmacist. Pharmacy education 
should provide ability for critical thinking, improve problem-solving skills 
and decision making during pharmacotherapy. Problem-based pharmacotherapy 
teaching methods help pharmacy students gain the skill to implement 
theoretical knowledge into practice. The present study evaluates the 
efficacy of a problem based "rational drug use course" in the pharmacy 
curriculum of Near East University and reviews the results of this two year 
experience. An elective practical rational pharmacotherapy course was given 
in 2011 and 2012, to 3rd year pharmacy students at Near East University by a 
method based on simulated patients and evaluation of dispensing scores. A 
pretest was conducted to evaluate the baseline dispensing score by OSPE 
(objective structured practical examination) and it was repeated at the end 
of the course (post-test). It was seen that the average dispensing score of 
group A (n=34) students was 34.26 ± 13.6, whereas it was 34.94 ± 11.6 for 
group B (n=17) in the pre-test (before the course). It increased almost 
twice to 62.18 ± 13.0 and 67.06 ± 15.6, respectively in Group A and B at the 
end of the semester (post-test). This improvement in the dispensing scores 
of the pharmacy students after the practical rational pharmacotherapy course 
were statistically significant (p<0.001). Thus, the unique OSPE score sheet/ 
checklist (that has been developed by Turkish Pharmacological Society) seems 
user-friendly and useful.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  pharmacy
  prescription
  rational drug use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  checklist
  clinical practice
  communication skill
  education program
  human
  medical school
  pharmacist attitude
  pharmacy student
  problem solving
  professional knowledge
  questionnaire
  vocational education
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pharmacy (39)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Turkish
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Turkish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013579080
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 206
TITLE
  Does participation in actual drug testing influence the attitudes of 
first-year pharmacy students toward mandatory drug testing?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cates M.E.
  Hogue M.
  Woolley T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cates M.E.; Hogue M.) Samford University, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 
Birmingham, United States.
(Woolley T.) Samford University, Birmingham, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.E. Cates, Samford University, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e195). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: This study examined the changes in attitudes of firstyear pharmacy 
students toward a mandatory, random urine drug screening program as the 
result of participation in actual drug testing. METHODS: The study was an 
anonymous, voluntary survey that was composed of 30 pretested Likert-type 
questions relating to knowledge, concerns, and beliefs about drug testing. 
The survey was administered during orientation week (pre-testing) and then 
again at the end of the academic year after all students had participated in 
drug testing at least once (post-testing). Two-independent samples t-test 
results were corroborated by Wilcoxon- Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: The 
survey was completed by 129 (100%) students in the pre-testing phase and 91 
(71%) students in the post-testing phase. Of the 30-items, only nine items 
showed statistically significant changes from pre- to post-testing. 
Students' responses revealed greater agreement that they had an extensive 
knowledge about random urine drug screening (p=0.03), but greater 
disagreement that they understood the reasons behind the school's random 
drug screening program (p=0.005). There was greater agreement with various 
concerns about drug testing, including cost of testing (p<0.05), being 
called for testing when busy with other matters (p<0.001), accidentally 
missing drug testing (p<0.001), consequences of missing drug testing 
(p<0.001), and being in situations in which showing up for drug testing 
would be difficult to impossible (p<0.001). Students' responses revealed 
greater disagreement that drug screening had the potential to decrease 
illegal substance use among students (p=0.05) and that it was important to 
detect a substance use problem in a pharmacist (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: 
Pharmacy students' attitudes toward drug testing were relatively unaffected 
by their participation in actual drug testing. Some concerns about drug 
testing were heightened, probably as the result of how busy the students' 
lives had become during pharmacy school. However, changes in two of the 
belief questions were rather disconcerting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug screening
  human
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  pharmacist
  rank sum test
  school
  screening
  student
  Student t test
  substance use
  urine
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 207
TITLE
  Assessment and evaluation efficacy of a clinical pharmacist-led inpatient 
warfarin knowledge education program and follow-up at a Chinese tertiary 
referral teaching hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bounda G.-A.
  Ngarambe C.
  Ge W.H.
  Yu F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bounda G.-A., armelb80@hotmail.com; Yu F.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Tong Jia Xiang, China.
(Bounda G.-A., armelb80@hotmail.com; Ge W.H.) Department of Pharmacy, The 
Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 
Zhongshan Road, Ding Jia Qiao, China.
(Ngarambe C.) Department of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University, Medical 
School, Ding Jia Qiao, China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.-A. Bounda, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical 
University, International Students Hall Apartment 504#, 24# Tong Jia Xiang, 
Nanjing 210009, China. Email: armelb80@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Archives of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 4:4 (168-179). Date of Publication: 
October/December 2013
ISSN
  2045-080X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Archives of Global Professionals, Regent Court, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin is used to prevent 
and to treat venous and arterial thrombosis and embolism. Its narrow 
therapeutic index should be monitored carefully in order to reach the 
desired outcomes. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical 
pharmacist-led in-patient warfarin's knowledge education program and to 
assess a follow-up efficacy in a Chinese tertiary referral teaching 
hospital. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional and observational study was 
conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Nanjing 
University, a 1460-bed tertiary referral teaching hospital in Nanjing. 
Materials and Methods: One-on-one interview questionnaire was conducted 
among 47 Chinese patients who had undergone prosthetic valve replacement. 
Before the patient education program's implemented, at discharge time and 3 
months, 6-9 months and 12 months after surgery were considered as time 
points. A previously validated 17-item questionnaire was used to measure the 
patient's knowledge level of warfarin and to assess and evaluate a follow-up 
efficacy of this patient education program run by a clinical pharmacist. 
Knowledge scores were compared using the Student's t-test or one-way 
analysis of variance. Main Outcome Measure: Patients' knowledge on the 
warfarin education program and warfarin knowledge score, drug therapy 
problems or bleeding complication events associated to warfarin therapy and 
evaluation of clinical pharmacist's service provided. Results: Patients mean 
age was 47.68 ± 9.70 years (range 23-67). The higher education strata had 
significantly higher warfarin knowledge scores (P < 0.05). In terms of 
hospital stay post-surgery, compared with other groups, patients with an 
average of 11-14 days, were found significantly and statically higher 
knowledgeable in warfarin (P < 0.05). The clinical pharmacist' service was 
found very satisfying f(80.85%). Conclusion: Chinese patients on warfarin 
therapy should benefit from periodic educational efforts reinforcing key 
medication safety information. Patient education is not a once-off 
procedure. A complete patient education program run by a clinical pharmacist 
in a Cardio-thoracic ward can considerably improve and enhance to reduce the 
hospital stays and significantly enlighten the role of the patient education 
in adherence to therapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anticoagulant therapy
  drug information
  knowledge
  medication therapy management
  patient education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  bleeding
  Chinese
  clinical article
  clinical effectiveness
  cross-sectional study
  female
  follow up
  human
  interview
  length of stay
  male
  middle aged
  observational study
  questionnaire
  teaching hospital
  tertiary care center
  young adult
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014020767
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2045-080X.123226
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 208
TITLE
  Pharmacist clinical leadership and credentialing improving the management of 
nicotine dependency in the acute hospital seting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dooley M.J.
  Dean E.
  McGuiness J.
  Corben K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dooley M.J.; Dean E.; McGuiness J.) Pharmacy, Alfred Health, Melbourne, 
Australia.
(Dooley M.J.) Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, 
Melbourne, Australia.
(Corben K.) Population Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.J. Dooley, Pharmacy, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:5 SUPPL. 2 (880-881). 
Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  41st ESCP Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy: Personalised and Safe Therapy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Barcelona, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-29 to 2012-10-31
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Background and objectives: A smoking cessation strategy was implemented for 
hospitalised patients with clinical pharmacists responsible for 
identification and documentation of patients' smoking status, assessment of 
nicotine dependency, provision of brief intervention advice and prescribing 
of pharmacotherapy. The objectives was to improve the management of 
hospitalise patients and to develop and implement a credentialing program 
for pharmacists to provide clinical management of nicotine dependency for 
hospitalised patients. Program description: A multidisciplinary working 
party was formed to facilitate extensive key stakeholder consultation to 
optimise clinical management and formulate collaborative organization-wide 
guidelines. The credentialing program requires either candidates attending 
face-to-face or reviewing online a 1 h education session. The two part 
competency assessment involves pharmacists successfully completing Quit 
Victoria's online learning module attracting 7 group 2 CPD points. 
Candidates were then eligible to complete five case studies online via 
SurveyMonkey®. Three cases required initial management of nicotine 
dependency and two required subsequent management. Candidates were marked 
against model answers. A ≥ 80 % pass mark and causing no patient harm, was 
assessed as demonstrating competency. Candidates not achieving this were 
re-assessed using a case based approach. Results: The program took place 
over 10 weeks with eleven education sessions held across three campuses. Of 
87 pharmacists identified for training, 68 (78 %) attended a face-to-face 
session and 19 (22 %) undertook online sessions. To date, 85 pharmacists (98 
%) have been assessed competent. Of these 26 (31 %) received individualised 
feedback regarding their responses and 16 (19 %) required reassessment 
before successful completion. Key features of the program include the 
identification and documentation of patients' smoking status during the 
medication reconciliation process, assessment of nicotine dependency follows 
as appropriate. Treating pharmacists provide brief intervention advice, 
pharmacotherapy may be offered in addition to behavioural management 
strategies. An intensive smoking cessation service for complex dependency 
provided by a specialist pharmacist has been developed and implemented. Any 
healthcare professional involved in the care of the inpatient can make this 
e-referral. Conclusion: The credentialing program has been demonstrated as 
efficient, effective and sustainable. This initiative has proven successful 
in extending the clinical pharmacist's role and improving the management of 
nicotine dependency amongst inpatients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  accreditation
  clinical pharmacy
  hospital
  human
  leadership
  pharmacist
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  case study
  consultation
  documentation
  drug therapy
  education
  feedback system
  health care personnel
  hospital patient
  learning
  medical specialist
  medication therapy management
  model
  patient
  smoking
  smoking cessation
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9801-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 209
TITLE
  Pharmacist integration in pre-visit planning in the medical home
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mormann M.
  Hoehns J.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mormann M.) Northeast Iowa Family Practice Center and Waverly Health 
Center, Waterloo, United States.
(Hoehns J.D.) University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Iowa Family 
Practice Center, Waterloo, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Mormann, Northeast Iowa Family Practice Center and Waverly Health Center, 
Waterloo, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e246). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: The patient centered medical home (PCMH) model provides new 
opportunities for pharmacist involvement in patient care. A key aspect of 
the PCMH is to optimize medication use. Although some pharmacists 
participate in patient care at medical homes, such practices are not 
widespread, and there is much interest in developing new pharmacist care 
models in ambulatory care. The objective of the study was to evaluate a new 
model of pharmacist care in the PCMH at Northeast Iowa Family Practice 
Center (NEIFPC). METHODS: Pharmacy staff prospectively reviewed electronic 
patient medical records the day prior to their physician appointment. 
Pharmacists identified potential drug related problems and recorded them in 
the chart to be printed on the pre-visit huddle form. Pharmacists then 
attended the pre-visit patient care huddles to provide further clarification 
on recommendations. RESULTS: Overall, 431 patient charts were reviewed prior 
to their physician appointments. Chart reviews were conducted in ≤5 minutes 
for 64% of patients. Drug therapy problems were frequently identified, 
occurring in 60% of chart reviews. The most common drug therapy problems 
identified pertained to laboratory monitoring and a need for additional drug 
therapy. Although there was only partial capture of physician acceptance 
rates of pharmacist recommendations, acceptance rates were similar between 
pharmacists (61%) and students (58%). CONCLUSION: Prospective pharmacist 
review of a patient's medical record is seldom done in ambulatory physician 
clinics. We developed a method to facilitate pharmacist documentation of 
potential drug therapy problems and recommendations within an existing 
electronic medical record and incorporated them as part of the pre-visit 
“team huddle”. Most reviews were performed in ≤5 minutes per patient. This 
suggests a feasible process whereby a small number of pharmacists could 
provide this service to a busy physician practice. We believe this is a 
pharmacist care model which could readily be adapted to other medical homes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  planning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  documentation
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  general practice
  hospital
  hospital patient
  laboratory
  medical record
  medical record review
  model
  monitoring
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  physician
  student
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 210
TITLE
  What are the appropriate clinical pharmacy key performance indicators for 
hospital pharmacists?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fernandes O.
  Gorman S.
  Slavik R.
  Semchuk W.
  Doucette D.
  Bannerman H.
  Lo J.
  Shukla S.
  Chan W.
  Benninger N.
  MacKinnon N.
  Bell C.
  Slobodan J.
  Lyder C.
  Zed P.
  Toombs K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fernandes O.) University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
(Gorman S.; Slavik R.) Interior Health Authority, Kelowna, Canada.
(Semchuk W.) Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region, Regina, Canada.
(Doucette D.) Horizon Health Network, Moncton, Canada.
(Bannerman H.; Lo J.; Shukla S.; Chan W.; Benninger N.) University of 
Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
(MacKinnon N.) University of Arizona, Tucson, United States.
(Bell C.) Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
(Slobodan J.) Alberta Health Services, Red Deer, Canada.
(Lyder C.) Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Ottawa, Canada.
(Zed P.) University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
(Toombs K.) Capital District Health Authority, Halifax, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Fernandes, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e208). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Key performance indicators are quantifiable measures of quality. 
There are currently no published, systematicallyderived clinical pharmacy 
key performance indicators (cpKPI). A working group of Canadian hospital 
pharmacists aimed to develop national cpKPI to advance clinical pharmacy 
practice and improve patient care. METHODS: A cpKPI working group 
systematically and sequentially established a cpKPI consensus definition, 
eight evidencederived cpKPI critical activity areas, 26 candidate cpKPI, and 
11 cpKPI ideal attributes in addition to one overall consensus criterion. 
Over a 3-month period, 26 clinical pharmacists and hospital pharmacy leaders 
participated in a 3-round modified Delphi survey. Using an Internet-based, 
pre-tested survey instrument, panelists independently rated the 26 candidate 
cpKPI using the 11 cpKPI ideal attributes and one overall consensus 
criterion on a 9- point Likert scale. A meeting was facilitated between 
rounds 2 and 3 to debate the merits of each candidate cpKPI and clarify 
wording. Consensus was reached if 75% or more of the panelists assigned a 
score of 7-9 on the consensus criterion during the third Delphi round. 
RESULTS: All panelists completed the three Delphi rounds and 25/26 (96%) 
attended the meeting. Eight candidate cpKPI of activities performed by 
pharmacists met the consensus definition after the third Delphi round: (i) 
performing admission medication reconciliation (including best possible 
medication history); (ii) participating in inter-professional patient care 
rounds; (iii) completing pharmaceutical care plans; (iv) resolving drug 
therapy problems; (v) providing in- person disease and medication education 
to patients (vi) providing discharge patient medication education; (vii) 
performing discharge medication reconciliation; and (viii) providing 
bundled, proactive direct patient care activities. CONCLUSIONS: A Delphi 
panel of hospital pharmacists was successful in determining eight consensus 
cpKPI. Measurement and assessment of these cpKPI, which are believed to be 
generalizable to other health systems, will serve to advance clinical 
pharmacy practice and improve patient care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Canadian
  consensus
  Delphi study
  drug therapy
  education
  health care
  hospital pharmacy
  Internet
  Likert scale
  medication therapy management
  patient
  patient care
  pharmaceutical care
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 211
TITLE
  Assess the knowledge and perceptions of middle school and high school-aged 
students about alcohol and prescription drug abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kelleher J.A.
  Chhay S.N.
  Ip K.H.
  Devine C.M.
  Pervanas H.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kelleher J.A.; Chhay S.N.; Ip K.H.; Devine C.M.; Pervanas H.C.) MCPHS 
University, Manchester, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.A. Kelleher, MCPHS University, Manchester, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e283). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Alcohol and prescription drug abuse in teens continues to be a 
nationwide concern. The purpose of the study was to educate adolescents and 
teens about the dangers associated with alcohol and prescription drugs and 
to determine their perceptions regarding these substances. METHODS: Student 
pharmacists representing the campus organization Student Pharmacists Against 
Prescription Drug Abuse (SPARxDA), conducted an educational program at the 
Boys and Girls Club of Souhegan Valley located in Milford, New Hampshire. 
Prior to the educational program a 9 question survey focusing on peer 
pressure, use of drugs and alcohol and safety of overthe- counter and 
prescription medications was administered to the participants. RESULTS: 
Forty-four teens completed the survey. The majority of the participants were 
Caucasian (72%) and were female (52%) with a median age of 13 years. Most of 
the participants believe alcohol (39%) and illegal drugs (34%) are most 
abused by teens versus prescription drugs (4%). Fifty-two percent of the 
participants reported that prescription drugs are safer than illegal drugs. 
Of the middle school-aged participants (11-12 years of age) 81% believe that 
prescription drugs are safer than illegal drugs versus 21% of thirteen to 
eighteen year-olds. CONCLUSION: Despite their potential to cause harm if 
misused, a high percentage of middle school-aged children perceived 
prescription medications to be safer than illegal drugs. More education 
about medication safety is needed at a younger age to develop a common 
knowledge that prescription medications can be equally as dangerous as 
illegal drugs if not taken as prescribed by a provider.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  prescription drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug abuse
  high school
  human
  middle school
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  boy
  Caucasian
  child
  drug therapy
  education
  female
  girl
  male
  peer pressure
  pharmacist
  prescription
  safety
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 212
TITLE
  Comparison of the top-10 most problematic pediatric medications ranked by 
pediatric pharmacists and pediatric prescribers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Son H.J.
  Laurich A.A.
  Patterson K.D.
  Earley A.E.
  Shipp M.M.
  Walls K.B.
  Smith F.L.
  Yates K.M.
  Kissack J.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Son H.J.; Laurich A.A.; Patterson K.D.; Earley A.E.; Shipp M.M.; Walls 
K.B.; Smith F.L.; Yates K.M.; Kissack J.C.) Harding University, College of 
Pharmacy, Searcy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.J. Son, Harding University, College of Pharmacy, Searcy, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e282). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: This survey measured the consensus opinion of pediatric pharmacists 
compared to pediatric prescribers (pediatricians, physician assistants, and 
nurse practitioners) on ranking medication categories from least to most 
problematic regarding patient safety, and the top-10 most problematic 
pediatric medications. METHODS: Participants ranked the top-10 from a list 
of 50 medications for three areas: problems in dosing, adverse effects and 
medication errors. Medications from each area were summed and ranked from 1 
to 50 to identify the top-10 list. The 11 medication categories and 50 
medications were drawn from expert consensus, the Institute for Safe 
Medication Practice high-alert medication list, and medication 
alerts/reviews of pediatric literature. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 
232 pharmacists and 56 prescribers. Primary practice sites of participants 
were mainly children's hospitals (64%) and pediatric units (20%) in 38 
states plus the District of Columbia and 3 Canadian provinces. Regarding 
overall pediatric patient safety, pharmacists ranked anticoagulants as most 
problematic, and opioids and electrolytes ranked equally as moderately 
problematic. The most problematic medications, according to pharmacists, 
from first to tenth were: 1-insulin, 2- vancomycin, 3-warfarin, 4-heparin, 
5-methadone, 6-digoxin, 7- morphine, 8-gentamicin, 9- potassium phosphate 
and 10-(tied) amphotericin B & fentanyl. In comparison, prescribers ranked 
opioids as most problematic and sedatives as moderately problematic. The 
most problematic medications, according to prescribers, from first to tenth 
were: 1-insulin, 2-heparin, 3-morphine, 4-digoxin, 5- warfarin, 6-fentanyl, 
7-vancomycin, 8-amphotericin B, 9-potassium chloride, and 10-amiodarone. 
Both pharmacists and prescribers ranked gastrointestinal medications as 
least problematic. CONCLUSION: When overall results were compared, 
pharmacists and prescribers ranked problematic medications very similarly. 
Although there was slight disparity in the ranking order, both top-10 lists 
contained 80% of the same medications. Survey participants identified six 
medications identical to the top-10 high-alert medications surveyed in a 
pediatric ICU by Franke et al. in 2009.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amiodarone
  amphotericin B
  anticoagulant agent
  digoxin
  electrolyte
  fentanyl
  gentamicin
  heparin
  insulin
  methadone
  morphine
  potassium chloride
  potassium dihydrogen phosphate
  sedative agent
  vancomycin
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  Canadian
  consensus
  medication error
  nurse practitioner
  patient safety
  pediatric hospital
  pediatric ward
  pediatrician
  physician assistant
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 213
TITLE
  Effective nonpharmacological strategies for smoking cessation in geriatric 
long term care residents
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shalshin A.
  Krichmar G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shalshin A.; Krichmar G.) Franklin Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation, 
Greenvale, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Shalshin, Franklin Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation, Greenvale, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Chest (2013) 144:4 MEETING ABSTRACT. Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  CHEST 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Chicago, IL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-26 to 2013-10-31
ISSN
  0012-3692
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American College of Chest Physicians
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To evaluate effective non - pharmacological strategies that help 
geriatric residents of long term care facilities in smoking cessation 
METHODS: From January 2011 - December 2012, all active smokers over the age 
of 65 and current residents of long term care facility were invited to 
participate in a prospective study to evaluate effectiveness of smoking 
cessation strategies. In total 74 patients agreed, and were followed for a 
minimum of one year after initial intervention. Successful tobacco cessation 
was defined as abstinence for 6 months and more. Interventions included 
individual counseling from (primary care physician, nurse and a pulmonary 
consultant), educational self-help written and video material, family 
involvement and support. Each participant had consumed tobacco for more than 
5 years and smoked on average half of pack per day. RESULTS: Out of 74 
patients recruited 34 (46%) patients had successfully quit smoking, 8 (11%) 
patients had initial success, but relapsed within 6 months. In the period of 
at least 12 months follow up each patient was visited by multidisciplinary 
team consisting of nurse, primary care physician and pulmonary consultant 
complemented by self-help material, video and written on benefits of smoking 
cessation. Each participant's family was encouraged to provide additional 
support and educated on the benefits of multifaceted approach to tobacco 
addiction treatment. Remaining 32 (43%) of patients expressed interest in 
smoking cessation, but did not favor non - pharmacological approach, 
however, at the end of this trial were even more motivated to quit with 
nicotine replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Previous research shows that 
medical advice to quit smoking produces 1 year abstinence rates of 5 - 10 
percent. In combination with self-help material, family support and 
education our data shows that individual counseling from every level of 
healthcare provider increases success rates in geriatric residents of long 
term care facility.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  long term care
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  consultation
  counseling
  education
  follow up
  general practitioner
  health care personnel
  human
  nicotine replacement therapy
  nurse
  patient
  prospective study
  self help
  smoking
  tobacco
  tobacco dependence
  videorecording
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.1701974
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 214
TITLE
  Interim results from a cardiologist-pharmacist collaboration to improve 
blood pressure in an ambulatory cardiology clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kelly M.
  Dixon D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kelly M.; Dixon D.) Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, 
Richmond, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Kelly, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, Richmond, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e271). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Indigent patients requiring cardiovascular care are seen one 
half-day per week in an ambulatory, cardiology fellow's clinic at VCU Health 
System. A pharmacist collaborated with the attending cardiologist to assist 
with medication titration and management. The aim of this study was to 
describe the pharmacist impact on blood pressure (BP) and characterize the 
interventions made by the pharmacist. METHODS: Electronic medical records of 
patients seen at least once by the pharmacist between June 1, 2012 and 
January 7, 2013 were reviewed to obtain the patient's medical history, 
initial and most recent BP, and pharmacist interventions. The primary 
endpoint was mean change in systolic and diastolic BP from baseline to most 
recent visit. Patients were excluded from the primary endpoint if they 
presented to clinic in hypertensive crisis or if a follow-up BP was 
unavailable. RESULTS: Out of 38 patients seen by the pharmacist during the 
study period, 29 met inclusion criteria for the primary endpoint. Mean 
systolic BP decreased from 135.5 ± 19.3 mmHg at baseline to 126.0 ± 18.1 
mmHg at follow-up (p=0.014). Diastolic BP and goal achievement improved but 
was not found to be statistically significant. All 38 patients were included 
in the characterization of pharmacist interventions, which found a total of 
51 interventions (31 related to antihypertensives; 20 related to 
dyslipidemia, diabetes, COPD, and smoking cessation) and identification of 
17 drug-related problems. CONCLUSIONS: Patients seen by the pharmacist had 
significant improvements in systolic BP. A cardiologist-pharmacist 
collaboration may be an effective method to improve blood pressure in an 
ambulatory cardiology clinic.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antihypertensive agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  blood pressure
  cardiologist
  cardiology
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  diabetes mellitus
  drug dose titration
  dyslipidemia
  electronic medical record
  follow up
  health care
  hypertensive crisis
  indigent
  medical history
  patient
  smoking cessation
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 215
TITLE
  Implementation of a clinical pharmacist-directed hospital discharge service 
to improve transitions in care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sharma A.
  Pereira C.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sharma A.; Pereira C.R.) University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 
Minneapolis, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Sharma, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e185-e186). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Establishing a systematic approach for clinical pharmacists to 
manage hospital discharge patients in the ambulatory care setting. Clinical 
pharmacy services worked collaboratively with members of the primary care 
team to identify, prevent, and resolve drug therapy problems in post 
hospitalized patients. METHODS: All patients discharged from a hospital 
between January 2013 and May 2013 were offered a clinical pharmacist visit 
before their follow up visit with their medical provider. The clinic's call 
center or Care Coordinators would follow a script and process to sign 
patients up over the phone. During each visit, a clinical pharmacist 
reviewed the patient's medications and then identified/ resolved drug 
therapy problems, which were categorized into four groups: indication, 
effectiveness, safety, and convenience. RESULTS: A total of 50 hospital 
discharge patients were scheduled and seen by a clinical pharmacist in the 5 
months period. Twenty-three patients were scheduled as a follow up from the 
emergency room, while 27 patients were seen after being discharged from the 
hospital. A total of 81 drug therapy problems were identified by the 
clinical pharmacists. Eighty two percent of patients presented with one or 
more drug therapy problems. There were nine patients who did not have any 
drug therapy problems, many of which were ED discharges. The leading three 
drug therapy problems were “untreated condition,” “does not understand 
instructions,” and “needs additional monitoring.” CONCLUSION: Implementing a 
systematic clinical pharmacist intervention for post hospital discharge 
patients resulted in the identification of various drug therapy problems and 
worked towards improving overall patient care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital discharge
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  drug therapy
  emergency ward
  follow up
  hospital
  hospital department
  hospital patient
  monitoring
  patient
  patient care
  primary medical care
  safety
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 216
TITLE
  Economical analysis of pharmacy intervention in the intensive care units in 
a medical center in Taiwan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kuo C.-N.
  Lee P.-Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kuo C.-N.; Lee P.-Y.) Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.-N. Kuo, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2013) 33:10 (e227). Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Albuquerque, NM, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-13 to 2013-10-16
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Pharmacy interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) can prevent 
the injury from medication errors and also bring some economical benefits. A 
study showed that the potential cost avoidance of the documented 
interventions was USD 205,919-280,421. Owing to such economical benefits, we 
performed the economical analysis of pharmacists' intervention in the ICUs 
in WanFang hospital in Taiwan. METHODS: Four clinical pharmacists documented 
the interventions made from December 2011 to February 2012 in 1st ICU and 
January 2012 to February 2012 in 2nd ICU. These data were retrospectively 
evaluated and we recorded type of intervention, changed prescription, days 
of the medication used before and after intervention, days of staying in 
ICU. We also collected patients' data by reviewing charts. Cost saving was 
calculated from the medical cost differentiation between prescriptions 
before and after pharmacists' interventions. For cost avoidance, the 
documented interventions were independently reviewed by two physicians to 
evaluated whether an actual or potential adverse health consequence would 
have occurred without the intervention, the probability that an adverse 
health consequence would have occurred without the intervention, and 
potential cost avoidance of the intervention. Once the evaluations were 
completed, cost avoidance can be further calculated. RESULTS: One hundred 
and forty-two interventions were made during this period. The most 
drug-related problems were inappropriate dose. The total cost saving was NTD 
114,980. Antimicrobial agents were the major category in cost savings 
(90.73%). The average of total cost avoidance was NTD 1,074,288 (from NTD 
778,411 to 1,301,075). Both physicians considered the most common impact of 
pharmacy intervention as preventing potential adverse drug events. 
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, providing pharmacy 
intervention in the critical care settings could not only ensure patient 
safety but also have financial impact.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiinfective agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  American
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  intensive care unit
  pharmacy
  Taiwan
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  cost control
  drug therapy
  health
  hospital
  human
  injury
  intensive care
  medication error
  patient
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  physician
  prescription
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1356
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 217
TITLE
  The effects of alcohol on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the 
selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist gsk1521498 in healthy subjects
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ziauddeen H.
  Nathan P.J.
  Dodds C.
  Maltby K.
  Miller S.R.
  Waterworth D.
  Song K.
  Warren L.
  Hosking L.
  Zucchetto M.
  Bush M.
  Johnson L.V.
  Sarai B.
  Mogg K.
  Bradley B.P.
  Richards D.B.
  Fletcher P.C.
  Bullmore E.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ziauddeen H., hz238@cam.ac.uk; Nathan P.J.; Dodds C.; Maltby K.; Miller 
S.R.; Sarai B.; Bullmore E.T.) Clinical Unit Cambridge, Medicines Discovery 
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Ziauddeen H., hz238@cam.ac.uk; Nathan P.J.; Fletcher P.C.; Bullmore E.T.) 
Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of 
Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Nathan P.J.) School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, 
Clayton, VIC, Australia.
(Waterworth D.; Song K.) Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, 
GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, United States.
(Warren L.) Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, 
Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
(Miller S.R.; Hosking L.) Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, 
GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
(Zucchetto M.) GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd, Stevenage, 
United Kingdom.
(Bush M.; Johnson L.V.) Kinetigen, Research Triangle Park, NC, United 
States.
(Mogg K.; Bradley B.P.) Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, 
Southampton, United Kingdom.
(Ziauddeen H., hz238@cam.ac.uk; Fletcher P.C.) Metabolic Research 
Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, 
Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Ziauddeen H., hz238@cam.ac.uk; Fletcher P.C.; Bullmore E.T.) Cambridgeshire 
and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Richards D.B.; Bullmore E.T.) Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical 
Investigations, Academic Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 
Cambridge, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Clinical Unit Cambridge, Medicines Discovery and Development, 
GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2013) 53:10 (1078-1090). Date of 
Publication: October 2013
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Rd, Chiswell Green Ln, 
Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  The muopioid system has a key role in hedonic and motivational processes 
critical to substance addiction. However, existing muopioid antagonists 
havehad limited success as anti-addiction treatments. GSK1521498 is a 
selective and potent muopioid antagonist being developed for the treatment 
of overeating and substance addictions. In this study, 28 healthy 
participants were administered single doses of GSK1521498 20 mg, ethanol 0.5 
g/kg body weight, or both in combination, in a double blind placebo 
controlled four-way crossover design. The primary objective was to determine 
the risk ofsignificant adverse pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic (PK) 
interactions. The effects of GSK1521498 on hedonic and consummatory 
responses to alcohol and the attentional processing of alcohol-related 
stimuli, and their modulation by the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism were also 
explored.GSK1521498 20 mg was well tolerated alone and in combination with 
ethanol. There were mild transient effects of GSK1521498 on alertness and 
mood that were greater when it was combined with ethanol. These effects were 
not of clinical significance. There were no effects of GSK1521498 on 
reactiontime, hedonic or consummatory responses. These findings provide 
encouraging safety and PK data to support continued development of 
GSK1521498 for the treatment of alcohol addiction. © 2013, The American 
College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  gsk 1521498 (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug analysis, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  mu opiate receptor antagonist (clinical trial, drug analysis, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  placebo
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug alcohol interaction
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal distension (side effect)
  adult
  alertness
  area under the curve
  article
  attention disturbance (side effect)
  clinical article
  controlled study
  coordination disorder (side effect)
  crossover procedure
  decreased appetite (side effect)
  dizziness (side effect)
  double blind procedure
  drug absorption
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug structure
  drug tolerability
  drunk sensation
  euphoria
  fatigue (side effect)
  female
  gait disorder (side effect)
  genetic polymorphism
  headache (side effect)
  human
  male
  maximum plasma concentration
  mood
  nausea (side effect)
  nausea and vomiting (side effect)
  randomized controlled trial
  reaction time
  risk assessment
  side effect (side effect)
  skin irritation (side effect)
  somnolence (side effect)
  time to maximum plasma concentration
  vomiting (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  gsk 1521498
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013631140
MEDLINE PMID
  23934621 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934621)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.110
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 218
TITLE
  Abstracts: 2013 American College of Clinical Pharmacology Annual Meeting
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development (2013) 2 SUPPL. 1. Date of 
Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 American College of Clinical Pharmacology Annual Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bethesda, MD, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-09-22 to 2013-09-24
ISSN
  2160-763X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  The proceedings contain 124 papers. The topics discussed include: evaluation 
of blockade of reconsolidation of cocaine-craving responses by propranolol; 
safety and tolerability of aripiprazole once-monthly in adults with 
schizophrenia stabilized on atypical oral antipsychotics other than 
aripiprazole; comparison of three titration algorithms for initiation of 
basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; individual and 
regional variability of postprandial hyperglycemic patterns; the influence 
of a low-fat diet and hospitalization on liver function tests in healthy 
Japanese and Caucasian male volunteers resident in a phase I unit for up to 
34 days; investigation of potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic 
interactions between selexipag and warfarin in healthy male subjects; and 
pharmacokinetics of fasiglifam (TAK-875), simvastatin and pravastatin 
following co-administration in healthy subjects.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aripiprazole
  cocaine
  fasiglifam
  insulin
  pravastatin
  propranolol
  selexipag
  simvastatin
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  college
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  algorithm
  Caucasian
  hospitalization
  human
  Japanese (people)
  liver function test
  low fat diet
  male
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  normal human
  patient
  pharmacokinetics
  safety
  schizophrenia
  titrimetry
  volunteer
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 219
TITLE
  Drug related problems and pharmacist interventions in a geriatric unit 
employing electronic prescribing
AUTHOR NAMES
  Raimbault-Chupin M.
  Spiesser-Robelet L.
  Guir V.
  Annweiler C.
  Beauchet O.
  Clerc M.-A.
  Moal F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Raimbault-Chupin M., melina.raimbault@chu-angers.fr; Spiesser-Robelet L.; 
Clerc M.-A.; Moal F.) Department of Pharmacy, Angers University Hospital, 4 
rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 09, France.
(Guir V.; Annweiler C.; Beauchet O.) Division of Geriatric Medicine, 
Department of Neuroscience, Angers University Hospital, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 
Angers cedex 09, France.
(Annweiler C.; Beauchet O.) UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers UNAM, 
Angers, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Raimbault-Chupin, Department of Pharmacy, Angers University Hospital, 4 
rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 09, France. Email: 
melina.raimbault@chu-angers.fr
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:5 (847-853). Date of 
Publication: October 2013
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Background Computerised physician order entry (CPOE) and the integration of 
a pharmacist in clinical wards have been shown to prevent drug related 
problems (DRPs). Objectives The primary objective was to make an inventory 
of the DRPs and resident pharmacist on-ward interventions (PIs) identified 
in a geriatric acute care unit using CPOE system. The secondary objective 
was to evaluate the physicians' acceptance of the proposed interventions. 
Setting A 26-bed geriatric ward of a 1,300-bed teaching hospital. Method A 
6-month descriptive study with prescription analysis and recommendations to 
physicians by a resident pharmacist during five half days a week. Main 
outcome measures Patients' characteristics, number of prescribed drugs per 
patient, nature and frequency of DRPs and PIs, physicians' acceptance and 
drugs questioned. Results Resident pharmacist reviewed 311 patients and 
identified 241 DRPs. One hundred and fifty-two patients (49 %) had at least 
one DRP (mean ± SD age 87 ± 6 years, mean ± SD number of prescribed drugs 
10.7 ± 3.4). Most frequent DRPs were: untreated indication (n = 58, 24.1 %), 
dose too high (n = 46, 19.1 %), improper administration (n = 31, 12.9 %) and 
drug interactions (n = 23, 9.5 %). The rate of physicians' acceptance was 
90.0 % (7.5 % refusals, 2.5 % not assessable). DRPs related to CPOE system 
misuse (n = 35, 14.5 %) appeared as a worrying phenomenon (e.g., errors in 
selecting dosage or unit, or duplication of therapy). Conclusion A resident 
pharmacist detected various DRPs. Most PIs were accepted. DRPs related to 
the misuse of the CPOE system appeared potentially dangerous and need 
particular attention by healthcare professionals. The description of the 
DRPs is an essential step for implementation of targeted clinical pharmacy 
services in order to optimize pharmacists' job time. © 2013 Koninklijke 
Nederlandse Maatschappij ter bevordering der Pharmacie.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  agents affecting metabolism
  antivitamin K
  bisphosphonic acid derivative
  calcium
  cardiovascular agent
  enoxaparin
  furosemide
  gastrointestinal agent
  musculoskeletal system drug
  strontium ranelate
  unclassified drug
  vitamin D (oral drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  electronic prescribing
  emergency care
  geriatric care
  medication error
  pharmaceutical care
  physician attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  descriptive research
  drug indication
  drug interaction
  drug megadose
  emergency ward
  female
  hospital bed capacity
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  observational study
  outcome assessment
  pharmacist
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  prospective study
  teaching hospital
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  calcium (14092-94-5, 7440-70-2)
  enoxaparin (679809-58-6)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  strontium ranelate (135459-87-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013668450
MEDLINE PMID
  23857430 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23857430)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9821-9
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 220
TITLE
  Medical doctors' perceptions of the role of clinical pharmacists in Serbian 
hospitals
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jelic M.
  Stojanovic N.
  Jankovic V.
  Gutvein R.
  Balaban L.
  Vucicevic K.
  Vasic I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jelic M.) Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.
(Stojanovic N.) Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
(Jankovic V.) CHC Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia.
(Gutvein R.) General Hospital Subotica, Subotica, Serbia.
(Balaban L.) Pulmology Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia.
(Vucicevic K.) Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty 
of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
(Vasic I.) Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Jelic, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:5 SUPPL. 2 (912-913). 
Date of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  41st ESCP Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy: Personalised and Safe Therapy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Barcelona, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-29 to 2012-10-31
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Background and objective: In order to implement the clinical services 
provided by pharmacists, previous studies and practice confirmed that it is 
important that pharmacists understand medical doctors' (MD) expectations 
from pharmacists, and how they can contribute to patients' care. Therefore, 
the aim of this study was to evaluate the MDs' attitudes, perceptions, and 
expectations from pharmacists' activities, capabilities, and 
responsibilities in Serbian hospital settings. Setting and method: This 
prospective study was conducted in 7 hospitals in Serbia, over a period of 2 
months. A validated questionnaire was delivered to 189 MDs. The 
questionnaire consisted of 30 questions, divided in 3 parts, regarding: 
previous experience, current collaboration, and future expectations from 
pharmacists. Descriptive statistic was performed using Microsoft Office 
Excel. Main outcome measures: Participants specified their level of 
agreement to statements with five-level Likert item. Results: In total 168 
questionnaires were completed with response rate of 88.89 %. The results 
indicate that more than 95 %of MDs expect the pharmacist to be drug experts 
which include providing evidence based information on drug interactions, 
contraindications, adverse reaction, and appropriate drug administration. On 
the other hand, 46.67 % of MDs expect the pharmacists to educate patients on 
appropriate and safe drug use, to monitor patients, and 37.95 % believe 
pharmacists should take a responsibility for solving drug related problems. 
However, around 25 % of MDs were rather uncertain on this activity of 
pharmacists. Finally, the results show moderate responders' experience and 
passive role of pharmacists in health care team. Conclusions: Based on the 
results of the study, MDs are comfortable and positive with pharmacists' 
interaction, and they recognize the need of pharmacists during rounds. MDs 
appear rather uncertain or uncomfortable with pharmacists being in direct 
patients' care that might be the consequence of pharmacists' traditional 
role in Serbian hospital settings. Therefore, in order to implement clinical 
pharmacy service in Serbian hospitals, pharmacists, as therapy experts, have 
to be more available and visible to MDs, and to demonstrate their active 
role in patients' care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
  physician
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  drug administration
  drug interaction
  drug use
  evidence based practice
  health care
  hospital department
  patient
  prospective study
  questionnaire
  responsibility
  Serbia
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9801-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 221
TITLE
  The added value of a pharmacist in identifying drug-related needs of cystic 
fibrosis patients in a large adult clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chan S.
  Tullis E.
  Cortes D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chan S.; Cortes D.) Pharmacy Department, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, 
Canada.
(Tullis E.; Cortes D.) Division of Respirology/Cystic Fibrosis, St. 
Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Chan, Pharmacy Department, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
SOURCE
  Pediatric Pulmonology (2013) 48 SUPPL. 36 (400). Date of Publication: 
October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  27th Annual North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Salt Lake City, UT, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-17 to 2013-10-19
ISSN
  8755-6863
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Liss Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Aim: To compare the number, types, and clinical significance of drug therapy 
problems (DTPs) identified between the pharmacist and current standard of 
care, as well as describe the recommendations and patient care services 
provided by the pharmacist. Method: We performed a prospective, controlled 
study in the adult ambulatory CF clinic at St. Michael's Hospital. Patients 
with CF received independent assessments by both the pharmacist and standard 
of care (respirologists or nurse practitioner). Both groups classified and 
rated the clinical significance of the DTPs identified using predetermined 
classification criteria. The pharmacist recorded pharmacy services provided 
during clinic visit. Statistical analysis for the number of DTPs per patient 
and clinical significance of DTPs identified by both groups was performed 
using inferential and descriptive statistics. Results: Twenty patients were 
enrolled over 10 clinic days. The pharmacist identified 4.0 ± 2.38 (mean±SD) 
DTPs per patient versus 1.7 ± 1.87 DTPs per patient identified by standard 
of care (p = 0.002). When duplicate DTPs identified by both groups were 
excluded, the pharmacist identified 3.05 ± 1.9 DTPs per patient versus 0.75 
± 1.5 DTPs per patient identified by standard of care (p = 0.0001). The most 
common type of DTP identified by both groups involved “additional drug 
therapy required” (31% versus 47% by RPh and SOC, respectively). There was 
no significant association between intervention groups and DTPs of “minor”, 
“moderate”, and “major” clinical significance (χ(2)=1.19, df=2, p>0.05). The 
pharmacist made 57 recommendations with a 79% acceptance rate. The most 
common types of patient care services provided by the pharmacist included 
patient teaching (35%) and medication reconciliation (32%). Conclusion: This 
study demonstrates that a pharmacist adds value in a large adult ambulatory 
CF clinic by identifying additional drug-related needs, providing 
recommendations and various patient care services. There is benefit if a 
pharmacist sees all CF patients in the ambulatory setting. However, limited 
availability of pharmacist resources may warrant further study to identify 
and prioritize which patients would most benefit from a CF pharmacist's 
assessment, and which pharmacy services would best benefit CF patients and 
their care teams.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  cystic fibrosis
  hospital
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  classification
  controlled study
  drug therapy
  health care quality
  hospital department
  medication therapy management
  nurse practitioner
  patient care
  statistical analysis
  statistics
  teaching
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.22898
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 222
TITLE
  Potentially inappropriate prescribing and drug-drug interactions among 
elderly Chinese nursing home residents in Macao
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lao C.K.
  Ho S.C.
  Chan K.K.
  Tou C.F.
  Tong H.H.Y.
  Chan A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lao C.K., cklao@ipm.edu.mo; Ho S.C.; Chan K.K.; Tou C.F.; Tong H.H.Y.) 
School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Rua de Luís Gonzaga 
Gomes, Macao.
(Chan A.) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of 
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.K. Lao, School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Rua de 
Luís Gonzaga Gomes, Macao. Email: cklao@ipm.edu.mo
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:5 (805-812). Date of 
Publication: October 2013
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Background The ageing of the population has become a concern all over the 
world, including Macao. In general, older people are more prone to adverse 
drug events which can result from potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) 
use and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Objective This study was designed to 
evaluate the prevalence of PIM use and DDIs among elderly nursing home 
residents in Macao, and to find out the factors associated with these 
drug-related problems. Setting This study was conducted in the largest 
nursing home in Macao, with a bed capacity of 168. Method All data of this 
cross-sectional study were collected from medical charts and medication 
administration records. PIM use was determined by the screening tool of 
older person's prescription (STOPP) criteria and potential DDIs were 
detected using the preset criteria of two compendia, Drug-Reax and 
Lexi-Interact. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to 
identify the independent factors associated with each drug-related problem. 
Main outcome measures The proportions of elderly nursing home residents who 
regularly used PIMs and who were exposed to DDIs. Results A total of 114 
elderly residents were eligible for PIM analysis. They consumed an average 
of 6.9 ± 3.1 different medications. About 46.5 % of them regularly used one 
or more PIMs. The prevalence of DDIs was 37.8 % among the 111 elderly 
residents who consumed at least two different medications. An increased 
number of drugs used was identified as the independent factor associated 
with PIM use and DDIs (p < 0.05). However, the use of STOPP-related PIMs did 
not appear to raise the likelihood of DDIs among the study population. 
Conclusion Both PIM use and DDIs are common among elderly nursing home 
residents in Macao. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the 
clinical outcomes of pharmacist-led interventions for elderly residents in 
the local nursing home setting. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media 
Dordrecht.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (drug combination)
  allopurinol (drug combination, drug interaction)
  amlodipine (drug combination, drug interaction)
  antihistaminic agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
  captopril (drug combination, drug interaction)
  celecoxib (drug combination, drug interaction)
  cilostazol (drug combination, drug interaction)
  clopidogrel (drug combination, drug interaction)
  digoxin (drug combination, drug interaction)
  diltiazem (drug combination, drug interaction)
  dipyridamole
  enalapril (drug combination)
  esomeprazole (drug combination, drug interaction)
  furosemide (drug combination, drug interaction)
  levodopa (drug combination, drug interaction)
  neuroleptic agent
  nifedipine (drug combination, drug interaction)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
  phenytoin (drug combination, drug interaction)
  proton pump inhibitor (drug therapy)
  psychotropic agent
  simvastatin (drug combination, drug interaction)
  theophylline (drug combination, drug interaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug interaction
  inappropriate prescribing
  nursing home patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  cerebrovascular accident
  cross-sectional study
  diabetes mellitus
  esophagitis (drug therapy)
  falling
  female
  gastroesophageal reflux (drug therapy)
  heart failure
  human
  hypertension
  Macao
  major clinical study
  male
  monotherapy
  peptic ulcer (drug therapy)
  prevalence
  priority journal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  allopurinol (315-30-0)
  amlodipine (103129-82-4, 736178-83-9, 88150-42-9)
  captopril (62571-86-2)
  celecoxib (169590-42-5)
  cilostazol (73963-72-1)
  clopidogrel (113665-84-2, 120202-66-6, 90055-48-4, 94188-84-8)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  diltiazem (33286-22-5, 42399-41-7)
  dipyridamole (58-32-2)
  enalapril (75847-73-3)
  esomeprazole (119141-88-7, 161796-84-5, 202742-32-3, 217087-09-7, 
217087-10-0)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  levodopa (59-92-7)
  nifedipine (21829-25-4)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  simvastatin (79902-63-9)
  theophylline (58-55-9, 5967-84-0, 8055-07-0, 8061-56-1, 99007-19-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013668443
MEDLINE PMID
  23812679 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812679)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9811-y
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 223
TITLE
  A clinical pharmacy screening service of risk medications showed room for 
improvement
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kjeldsen L.J.
  Clemmensen M.H.
  Hedegaard U.
  Olsen I.
  Nielsen J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kjeldsen L.J.; Clemmensen M.H.) Danish Research Unit, Hospital Pharmacy, 
AMGROS I/S, København Ø, Denmark.
(Hedegaard U.) Dept. Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of 
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
(Olsen I.) Hospital Pharmacy, Lillebælt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark.
(Nielsen J.L.) Hospital Pharmacy, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 
Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.J. Kjeldsen, Danish Research Unit, Hospital Pharmacy, AMGROS I/S, 
København Ø, Denmark.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:5 SUPPL. 2 (933). Date 
of Publication: October 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  41st ESCP Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy: Personalised and Safe Therapy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Barcelona, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-29 to 2012-10-31
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Background and objective: The use of risk medications leads to adverse 
events, hospital admissions and increased economic costs. Hence, risk 
medications were chosen as the subject for a national clinical pharmacy 
study in Denmark. The aim was to examine the effect of a national clinical 
pharmacy screening service of risk medications. Setting and method: The 
study was performed at 43 wards at hospitals throughout Denmark, and data 
were collected by 49 clinical pharmacists, 22 pharmaconomists and 10 
pharmacy students. According to the literature, five risk medication areas 
were chosen for the intervention: Anticoagulant therapy, opioids, digoxin, 
methotrexate and NSAIDs. The intervention included a screening service of 
patients treated with one or more risk medications admitted to hospital. 
Potential medication related problems were identified, and recommendations 
were made to physicians at the ward. Baseline and intervention data were 
collected during weeks 5-9 in 2011 and weeks 18-22 in 2011, respectively. 
Main outcome measures: Number of identified risk medications. Results: In 
total, 2,909 and 2,399 patients were screened in the baseline and 
intervention periods. Of these patients, 1,458 (50 %) and 1,144 (48 %), 
respectively, were treated with at least one risk medication. Sufficient 
data for analysis were available for 1,042 and 804 patients. The risk 
medication most commonly identified was opioids; 704 (68 %) at baseline and 
529 (66 %) during the intervention period. Methotrexate was least frequently 
identified medication with 20 (1.9 %) and 20 (2.5 %), respectively. During 
the intervention period one prescription of methotrexate daily instead of 
weekly was identified and the suggested recommendation was accepted Lack of 
concurrent treatment with opioids and laxatives was the most commonly 
identified problem; 204 (29 %) at baseline and 91 (17 %) during the 
intervention period. In the intervention period, 37 recommendations of 
addition of laxative were accepted, 26 refused and 28 had no response. 
Conclusions: The study showed that a national generic clinical pharmacy 
service on risk medications in the Danish hospital setting could effectively 
identify drug-related problems associated with risk medications. Room for 
improvement still exists regarding acceptance of the suggested 
recommendations.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  digoxin
  laxative
  methotrexate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug therapy
  risk
  screening
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anticoagulant therapy
  Denmark
  hospital
  hospital admission
  hospital department
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  physician
  prescription
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9801-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 224
TITLE
  Addressing rational prescribers through the pharmacology and therapeutics 
course work of MBBS syllabus in Bangladesh
AUTHOR NAMES
  Salam A.
  Haque Prof. M.
  Islam M.Z.
  Rahman N.I.A.
  Helali A.M.
  Muda T.F.M.B.T.
  Yousuf R.
  Yesmin F.
  Rahman Z.
  Alattraqchi A.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Salam A.) Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 
(UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
(Haque Prof. M., runurono@gmail.com) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences 
(FPSK), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia.
(Islam M.Z.) Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Eastern Medical College, 
Comilla, Bangladesh.
(Rahman N.I.A.; Muda T.F.M.B.T.; Alattraqchi A.G.) FPSK, UniSZA, Terengganu, 
Malaysia.
(Helali A.M.; Yesmin F.) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 
Gonoshashthaya Samajvittik Medical College (GSSVMC), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(Yousuf R.) Blood Bank Unit, Department of Pathology, UKM Medical Centre, 
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
(Rahman Z.) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Enam Medical 
College and Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Haque, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FPSK), Universiti Sultan 
Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia. Email: runurono@gmail.com
SOURCE
  International Research Journal of Pharmacy (2013) 4:7 (60-63). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  2230-8407 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  International Research Journal of Pharmacy, Shiv Ganga Hospital, Lakser Rd,, 
Haridwar, Uttaranchal, India.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacology is most rapidly expanding science in medical discipline which 
leads to the development of many important drugs to treat many medical 
conditions that was previously untreatable. This paper focuses on the 
necessity of integration of pharmacology in the medical curriculum in all 
clinical phases and ethical aspects of medicine in terms of irrational 
prescribing. Irrational prescribing of drugs is a major global health 
problem in medical practice. Currently Pharmacology is taught at phase-II, a 
2 year period in a 5 years undergraduate medical Programme in Bangladesh 
under the name 'Pharmacology and Therapeutics'. Indiscriminate use of 
clinically inappropriate and ineffective medicines are a serious problem. 
Medicines in Bangladesh are inappropriately prescribed, again all kinds of 
drugs including controlled products are dispensed and sold out frequently 
without prescription. Henceforth there are regular violation of medical 
ethics and professionalism. As only pharmacology and therapeutics deals with 
the correct selection of drugs, the subject should be continued to teach up 
to phase-III. In addition, therapeutic discussion should be incorporated 
with proper logbook during internship in order to make safe and efficient 
prescribers. Supreme priority should be given to legal and ethical aspects 
of medicine. Medical professionals must uphold social order by ensuring 
ethical practices of medicine and appropriate role modelling especially by 
the faculty. © All rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Bangladesh
  drug misuse
  human
  medical error
  medical ethics
  medical practice
  physician
  professionalism
  public health problem
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013588577
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04713
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 225
TITLE
  Inhibitory effect of black and red pepper and thyme extracts and essential 
oils on Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and DNase activity of 
Staphylococcus aureus
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zarringhalam M.
  Zaringhalam J.
  Shadnoush M.
  Rezazadeh S.
  Tekieh E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zarringhalam M., m_zarrin2003@yahoo.com) Department of Food Science and 
Technology, Azad University, Sofyan, Iran.
(Zaringhalam J.; Tekieh E.) Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Research 
Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Shadnoush M.) Food Science and Technology Department, Nutritional 
Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Rezazadeh S.) Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Zarringhalam, Department of Food Science and Technology, Azad University, 
Sofyan, Iran. Email: m_zarrin2003@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:3 (363-369). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  In this study, extracts and essential oils of Black and Red pepper and Thyme 
were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157: H7 
andStaphylococcus aureus. Black and Red pepper and Thyme were provided from 
Iranian agricultural researches center. 2 g of each plant powder was added 
to 10 cc ethanol 96°. After 24 h, the crude extract was separated as an 
alcoholic extract and concentrated by distillation method. Plants were 
examined for determining their major component and essential oils were 
separated. Phytochemical analyses were done for detection of some effective 
substances in extracts. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 
O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus was tested and the results showed that 
all extracts and essential oils were effective and essential oils were more 
active. The extracts and oils that showed antimicrobial activity were later 
tested to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Dilution (MID) for those 
bacteria. They were also effective on the inhibition of DNase activity. This 
study was indicated that extracts and essential oils of Black and Red pepper 
and Thyme can play a signifcant role in inhibition of Escherichia coli O157: 
H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. © 2013 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  black pepper extract (drug development)
  black pepper oil (drug development)
  red pepper extract (drug development)
  red pepper oil (drug development)
  thyme extract (drug development)
  thyme oil (drug development)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  deoxyribonuclease (endogenous compound)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antibacterial activity
  enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection
  Staphylococcus infection
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  black pepper
  enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
  enzyme activity
  mass fragmentography
  minimum inhibitory concentration
  nonhuman
  Staphylococcus aureus
  sweet pepper
  thyme
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  deoxyribonuclease (37211-67-9)
  thyme oil (8007-46-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013571680
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 226
TITLE
  Suppressive effects of rosa damascena essential oil on naloxone-precipitated 
morphine withdrawal signs in male mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Abbasi Maleki N.
  Abbasi Maleki S.
  Bekhradi R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Abbasi Maleki N.; Abbasi Maleki S., dr.s.a.maleki@gmail.com) Departement of 
Pharmacology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
(Bekhradi R.) Research Development and Training Center, Barij Essence 
Pharmaceutical CO, Kashan, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Abbasi Maleki, Departement of Pharmacology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad 
University, Urmia, Iran. Email: dr.s.a.maleki@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:3 (357-361). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  This research was done to test the effect of Rosa damascena essential oil on 
withdrawal signs of naloxone-precipitated morphine in male mice. Morphine 
dependence was induced by injection (IP) three times daily at doses of 50, 
50 and 75 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 days. On day 4, after the last 
administration of morphine, Rosa damascena essential oil was administered at 
different concentrations (5, 2 and 40%, IP) 30 min before administration of 
naloxone (5 mg/kg, IP). The following actions were taken as signs of 
withdrawal and records taken for jumping as a number and scores of 0 to 3 
were given for incidences of grooming, teeth chattering, rearing, writing, 
diarrhea, wet dog shakes and climbing during a 30 min period. Results showed 
that different concentrations of Rosa damascena essential oil significantly 
reduced signs of morphine withdrawal compared to the control group in terms 
of number of jumps (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), grooming, teeth chattering, 
rearing, climbing, wet dog shakes and writhing, but not for diarrhea (p < 
0.05). In conclusion it seems that GABAergic activity induced by favonoids 
from Rosa damascena essential oil can alleviate signs of morphine 
withdrawal, but further studies need to be done to better understand this 
mechanism. © 2013 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine
  plant extract (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
  Rosa damascena extract (drug comparison, drug development, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diazepam (drug comparison, intraperitoneal drug administration)
  naloxone
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal behavior
  animal experiment
  animal model
  antidepressant activity
  article
  climbing
  controlled study
  diarrhea
  male
  mouse
  nonhuman
  precipitation
  rearing
  Rosa damascena
  scoring system
  wet dog shakes
  writhing test
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (Iran)abidi
   (Iran)Tolid Daru
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013571679
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 227
TITLE
  The effect of pentoxifylline on bcl-2 gene expression changes in hippocampus 
after long-term use of ecstasy in wistar rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Khazaei Koohpar Z.
  Hashemi M.
  Mahdian R.
  Parivar K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Khazaei Koohpar Z., Z_Khazaei09@yahoo.com; Parivar K.) Department of 
Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
(Hashemi M.) Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical 
Branch, Tehran, Iran.
(Mahdian R.) Biotechnology Research Center, Molecular Medicine Department 
Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Z. Khazaei Koohpar, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, 
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Email: Z_Khazaei09@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:3 (521-527). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") is a psychoactive and 
hallucinogenic drug of abuse. MDMA has been shown to produce neurotoxicity 
both in animals and humans. Recently, the vasodilator drugs such as 
pentoxifylline is one of the new strategies which have been considered as 
neuro Protector. In this study effect of pentoxifylline on bcl-2 gene 
expression changes in hippocampus of rat following long- term use of ecstasy 
was investigated. 30 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly 
divided into 5 groups: control (normal), sham (MDMA injection), experimental 
1 (MDMA and then PTX injections), experimental 2 (PTX injection and after 1 
week, MDMA injection) and vehicle (saline injection) groups. All drugs were 
injected intraperitoneally.Two weeks later, the hippocampus were removed for 
studying the changes in bcl-2 gene expression. We used quantitative real 
time PCR for detection of bcl-2 gene expression in treated groups and then 
compared them to control samples. The results showed the gene dosage ratio 
of 0.49, 0.78 and 1.17 for sham, experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups, 
respectively. The results also showed the bcl-2 gene expression declined in 
sham group as compared to the experimental groups. Furthermore, we observed 
a significant difference in the bcl-2 gene expression between sham and 
experimental 2 groups. We conclude that quantitative real time PCR could be 
used as a direct method for the detection of bcl-2 gene expression in tested 
and normal samples. © 2013 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (drug toxicity)
  pentoxifylline (drug development, intraperitoneal drug administration)
  protein bcl 2 (endogenous compound)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  gene expression
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal tissue
  article
  controlled study
  hippocampus
  male
  neurotoxicity
  nonhuman
  rat
  real time polymerase chain reaction
  reverse transcription
  RNA isolation
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  pentoxifylline (6493-05-6)
  protein bcl 2 (219306-68-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013571695
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 228
TITLE
  Preparation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets containing 
hydroxylbutyl-β-cyclodextrin-simvastatin solid dispersion
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hosny K.M.
  Khames A.
  Elhady S.S.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hosny K.M., Elswaify2000@yahoo.com; Elhady S.S.A.) Department of 
Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 
Saudi Arabia.
(Khames A.) Department of Pharmaceutics, Taif University, Taif, Saudi 
Arabia.
(Hosny K.M., Elswaify2000@yahoo.com; Khames A.) Department of Pharmaceutics 
and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. M. Hosny, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, King 
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Email: Elswaify2000@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:4 (469-476). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1596-5996
  1596-9827 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Group, Benin City, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To formulate simvastatin orodispersible tablets with high 
dissolution rate and enhanced bioavailability. Methods: Simvastatin solid 
dispersions in β- cyclodextrin, hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 
hydroxylbutyl-β-cyclodextrin were prepared in different drug: polymer ratios 
by kneading and solvent evaporation methods. Compatibility was investigated 
by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared 
spectroscopy (FTIR) Based on the results of solubility studies, the most 
suitable solid dispersion was selected and formulated into orodispersible 
tablets using Emcosoy and Kpolacrillin as superdisintegrants, and mannitol 
and Pullulan as diluents. The tablets were evaluated for wetting and 
disintegration times, water absorption, and in vtro dissolution. Results: 
Increase in drug solubility was dependent on polymer type, concentration and 
preparation method. Simvastatin-hydroxylbutyl-β-cyclodextrin solid 
dispersion mixture prepared in 1:2 drug: polymer ratio by solvent 
evaporation method had a higher solubility than other dispersions. DSC and 
FTIR indicated the formation of solid dispersion without chemical 
interaction between simvastatin and polymer. Orodispersible tablet prepared 
with Emcosoy and Pullulan showed least wetting and disintegration times (20 
and 35 s, respectively), fastest water sorption rate, and the highest 
dissolution rate (100 % after 20 min). Conclusion: Orodispersible tablets 
prepared with Emcosoy as superdisintegratnt and Pullulan as diluents and 
containig simvastatin solid dispersion in hydroxylbutyl-β-cyclodextrin 
provides optimum water solubility and hence, drug bioavailability. © 
Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 
300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  simvastatin (drug analysis, pharmaceutics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2 hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin
  aerosil
  disintegrating agent
  emcosoy
  magnesium stearate
  mannitol
  polacrillin
  pullulan
  saccharin sodium
  talc
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  tablet formulation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  controlled drug release
  controlled study
  differential scanning calorimetry
  dispersion
  drug solubility
  evaporation
  infrared spectrometry
  solvent effect
  tablet disintegration
  tablet disintegration time
  tablet friability
  tablet hardness
  tablet property
  tablet thickness
  tablet wetting
  water absorption
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  2 hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (94035-02-6)
  magnesium stearate (557-04-0)
  mannitol (69-65-8, 87-78-5)
  pullulan (9057-02-7)
  saccharin sodium (128-44-9)
  simvastatin (79902-63-9)
  talc (14807-96-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013536230
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.4
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 229
TITLE
  Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lifestyle among women of 
childbearing age: A Danish cross-sectional survey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Laugesen K.
  Andersen A.B.T.
  Nørgaard M.
  Nielsen R.B.
  Thomsen R.W.
  Larsen F.B.
  Sørensen H.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Laugesen K., kristina.laugesen@studmed.au.dk; Andersen A.B.T.; Nørgaard M.; 
Nielsen R.B.; Thomsen R.W.; Sørensen H.T.) Department of Clinical 
Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 
Aarhus, Denmark.
(Larsen F.B.) Public Health and Quality Improvement, Central Denmark Region, 
Aarhus, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Laugesen, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical 
Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Email: 
kristina.laugesen@studmed.au.dk
SOURCE
  BMJ Open (2013) 3:7 Article Number: 003024. Date of Publication: 2013
ISSN
  2044-6055 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  BMJ Publishing Group, Tavistock Square, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To examine the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
(SSRIs) among Danish women of childbearing age according to lifestyle 
factors. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: The Central Denmark 
Region. Participants: 4234 women (71.5% of the invited women) aged 25-44 
years who participated in a public health survey in 2006. Outcome measures: 
Prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs) of current and former SSRI use among 
women characterised by selected lifestyle factors. We obtained information 
on SSRI use through linkage to the Aarhus University Prescription Database 
covering all pharmacies in the region. Results: Of the 4234 women in the 
study, 161 (3.8%) were current SSRI users, 60 (1.4%) were recent users, 223 
(5.3%) were former users and 3790 (89.5%) were never users. Current use of 
SSRIs was more prevalent in obese women than in non-obese women (PR 1.5, 95% 
CI 1.0 to 2.3), in current smokers compared with non-current smokers (PR 
1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2), in women who drank more than seven alcoholic drinks 
weekly compared with women who drank seven or fewer drinks weekly (PR 1.8, 
95% CI 1.2 to 2.8) and in women with an unhealthy diet compared with women 
with a healthy diet (PR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Prevalence of former use of 
SSRIs was similarly increased except in those with an unhealthy diet (PR 
1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.7). SSRI use did not differ according to participation 
in regular physical activity. Conclusions: Women with an unhealthy lifestyle 
were about 1.5-fold more likely to be current or former users of SSRIs than 
those with a healthy lifestyle. These findings may be useful for 
quantitative assessment of the contribution of lifestyle factors to 
uncontrolled confounding in studies of SSRI use in pregnancy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  lifestyle
  pregnancy
  women's health
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcohol consumption
  alcoholic beverage
  article
  body mass
  cross-sectional study
  Denmark
  female
  health survey
  human
  major clinical study
  maternal age
  obesity
  physical activity
  pregnancy outcome
  prevalence
  smoking
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Obstetrics and Gynecology (10)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013553340
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003024
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 230
TITLE
  Medication changes: Who do community pharmacies in england receive 
information from?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Urban R.
  Rana N.
  Paloumpi E.
  Morgan J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Urban R.; Rana N.; Paloumpi E.; Morgan J.) University of Bradford, 
Bradford, United Kingdom.
(Urban R.) Bradford Institute For Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Urban, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 21 SUPPL. 2 (110-111). 
Date of Publication: September 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society, RPS Annual Conference 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Birmingham, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-09-08 to 2013-09-09
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Lack of communication to community pharmacy is a longstanding 
issue. Recently measures to improve communication have been introduced 
including guidance from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS)1 and the 
introduction the Discharge Medicines Review (DMR) service in Wales. Previous 
studies have shown that communication with community pharmacies can 
contribute toward effective, seamless care and reduce error, 2 however, 
there is little evidence which examines the range of different HCPs who 
currently liaise with community pharmacy. This study explored which HCPs 
communicate with community pharmacies regarding medication changes, the 
extent of the communication and solutions for improvement. Method A 
semi-structured interview schedule was compiled comprising three sections: 
information on current practice, pharmacist opinions and additional 
information. All pharmacies in one Yorkshire NHS Primary Care Trust (PCT) 
were invited to participate. The pharmacies were grouped into geographical 
areas; each area allocated two student researchers. One student asked 
questions of the pharmacist and both students recorded the responses in 
writing. Further questions were asked to clarify responses. Responses were 
then analysed and grouped according to the interview schedule. Ethics 
approval was granted by the NHS and local research committee. Results The 
fourteen community pharmacists who participated rarely received information 
regarding changes to patients' medication. Where they did, it was from 
various different HCPs including general practice (GPs and practice 
pharmacists), hospitals (namely hospital pharmacists), nursing homes, 
warfarin clinics and substance misuse teams. Information was reported to be 
'ad hoc' and 'inconsistent', with some pharmacists suggesting that the 
communication relied on the conscientiousness of the individual or personal 
relationships. Information received from GPs usually occurred postdischarge; 
most commonly for patients who used monitored dosage systems (MDS). 
Occasionally changes to medication were suggested to the GP through Medicine 
Use Reviews; however often the only indication that these had been actioned 
was through the receipt of an edited prescription rather than direct 
communication. Most community pharmacies (12/14) had no communication with 
practice pharmacists, despite each GP practice employing them. There was 
intra and inter-hospital variability in the frequency of communication from 
the hospital to community pharmacy; usually via post or fax. Nursing homes 
frequently provided information when medication was stopped, started or 
changed by the GPor secondary care, although the community pharmacy was not 
always informed if the patient had been in hospital. Half (7/14) the 
pharmacies received calls from drug misuse teams regarding dose changes or 
patients newly initiated on therapy. In one case, the pharmacy received a 
monthly list of all medication changes for their substance misuse patients. 
Suggestions by the pharmacists interviewed to improve communication included 
standardised systems and processes together with improved information 
technology (IT) infrastructure. Discussion Community pharmacies seldom 
receive information regarding changes to patients' medication. Where they 
do, it is from a variety of HCPs, however, is infrequent and inconsistent. 
Communication is vitally important to increase patient safety and seamless 
care at transitions. Improvements and standardisation to systems and 
processes including increased IT would improve communication and eliminate 
some of the dependence on individuals. These qualitative results, whilst not 
necessarily more widely generalisable, provide an in depth picture of 
current practice and experiences of information transfer at transitions of 
care. Further work to confirm whether these findings are reflected through 
the UK and to establish the barriers to communication to community pharmacy 
need to be explored.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  health care organization
  pharmacy
  United Kingdom
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug misuse
  ethics
  fax
  general practice
  hospital
  human
  information technology
  interpersonal communication
  interview
  nursing home
  patient
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  prescription
  primary medical care
  scientist
  secondary health care
  semi structured interview
  student
  therapy
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12064
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 231
TITLE
  Pharmacists' beliefs towards their contribution to improving the public's 
health in United Kingdom: A systematic review
AUTHOR NAMES
  Abuhamdah R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Abuhamdah R.) University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Abuhamdah, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 21 SUPPL. 2 (134-135). 
Date of Publication: September 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society, RPS Annual Conference 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Birmingham, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-09-08 to 2013-09-09
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Introduction To increase the involvement of pharmacists in public health, 
changes in the behaviour of pharmacists is required1. Theory of planned 
behaviour has shown that attitudes and beliefs are important determinants of 
behaviour2. The purpose of this project is to conduct a systematic review on 
the literature relating to Pharmacists' beliefs towards their role in public 
health and to summarise these findings in the view of the theory of planned 
behaviour in order to inform how best to support and improve this service. 
Research Method PICO model was used in this review and was interpreted as a) 
Population: Community pharmacists, community pharmacy staff. b) Phenomenon 
of Interest: beliefs: (attitudes, norms and control) of community 
pharmacists about their public health role. c) Primary Outcome Measure: 
Pharmacists' Behavioural Beliefs (attitude), Pharmacists' Normative Beliefs 
(Subjective Norm) Pharmacists' Control Beliefs (perceived behavioural 
control) about pharmacists and community pharmacy providing public health 
services. d) Studies Included: quantitative and qualitative. Time Period: 
January 2002 to December 2012. Electronic Databases Searched: MEDLINE, 
EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Dissertation Abstracts International. Search 
Terms: (pharm∗or pharmacy staff or community pharmacy) and (attitud∗or 
belie∗or perce∗or knowledge or view or opinion) and (public health or health 
improvement or health promotion or selfcare or selfmanagement or smoking 
cessation or sexual health or prevent∗or diet or healthy diet or healthy 
eating or exercise or physical activity or weight or health education or 
chlamydia testing or emergency contraception or alcohol or needle exchange 
or methadone or injecting equipment or drug misuse). Inclusion and Exclusion 
Criteria: Papers should be published in journals or conferences, written in 
English, and should not come under the category of abstract, tutorial, or 
keynote. Data Extraction and Analysis: data extracted from studies was 
tabulated against authors and study, year, and classification of papers 
according to public health service. This data assessed according to 
pharmacists' behavioural beliefs (attitude), normative beliefs (subjective 
norm), control beliefs (perceived behavioural control) about pharmacists and 
community pharmacy providing public health services. The issue of bias is 
addressed by involving two researchers who separately examined compared 
inclusion/exclusion lists and resolved any differences by discussion. 
Results From the 6852 papers identified, 17 studies were included. Attitude: 
Most pharmacists viewed public health services as important part of their 
role and have positive attitude toward health improvement activities. 
Subjective norms: Pharmacists showed concerns about being intrusive in 
offering health advice and showed expectation of a negative reaction from 
customers. Perceived behavioural control: Pharmacists reported some barriers 
to providing public health services like lack of time or space and the need 
for further training in a number of public health services. Conclusion In 
order to improve public health services provided in community pharmacy, 
subjective norms and perceived behavioural control should be addressed. 
Appropriate training and support is needed in order to increase pharmacists' 
confidence in providing public health services. Research is needed to 
establish the attitudes of support staff to allowfor support and training to 
be appropriately targeted for this group. This review should provide a good 
insight for providers of education and training for pharmacists.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care organization
  human
  pharmacist
  public health
  systematic review
  United Kingdom
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Chlamydia
  classification
  data base
  data extraction
  diet
  drug misuse
  eating
  education
  emergency contraception
  exercise
  health
  health education
  health promotion
  model
  needle
  pharmacy
  physical activity
  population
  PsycINFO
  public health service
  scientist
  sexual health
  smoking cessation
  Theory of Planned Behavior
  weight
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12064
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 232
TITLE
  Smoking cessation determinants in STOP smoking program from Cluj Napoca, 
Romania
AUTHOR NAMES
  Todea D.A.
  Brinzaniuc A.
  Coman A.C.
  Herescu A.C.
  Rosca L.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brinzaniuc A., a-brinzaniuc@healthpolicy.ro; Coman A.C., 
dede.coman@yahoo.com; Herescu A.C., adasegarceanu@yahoo.com; Rosca L.E., 
loredanarosca@yahoo.com)
(Todea D.A., doina_adina@yahoo.com) Pneumology, University of Medicine and 
Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.A. Todea, Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu 
Cluj-Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania. Email: doina_adina@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  European Respiratory Journal (2013) 42 SUPPL. 57. Date of Publication: 1 Sep 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Barcelona, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-09-07 to 2013-09-11
ISSN
  0903-1936
BOOK PUBLISHER
  European Respiratory Society
ABSTRACT
  Cigarette smoking affects almost every system of the human body, thus 
causing multiple diseases. The risk of serious disease decreases rapidly 
after quitting. The aim of the study was to establish which were the 
determinants in smoking cessation process. Material and methods: We 
conducted a study from2008-2010. Study subjects included all smokers, 
outpatients, who visited Respiratory Medicine Department, University of 
Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj Napoca in order to quit smoking. 
We collected Demographic data, detailed smoking history, detailed medical 
history with the presence of comorbidities, Fagerström test (FT) for 
nicotine dependence. Smoking history included pack-years (PYS), number of 
cigarettes per day, starting age, existence of quitting smoking attempt. The 
treatment options included counseling, bupropion SR, varenicline and 
nicotine patches. Results: From 441 subjects 52,6 % were males, 47,4 % 
females; mean age 39,4, median 39; 34,9 % had a disease, FT mean was 6,28, 
median 6,00; PYS mean was 23,66; median 20,00; number of cigarettes per day 
mean=23,75; median =20,00; starting age mean -18,39; median-18,00; and 58,7 
% had an anterior smoking attempt. At the end of the treatment 54,2 % were 
nonsmokers and 45,8 smokers. From treatment options varenicline (OR= 6,4) 
was superior to bupropion SR (OR=2,55) and nicotine patches (OR=0,38); 
existence of quitting smoking attempt and starting age also influence the 
final outcome. Conclusions: The treatment but also other determinants are 
important in the smoking cessation process.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone
  nicotine patch
  varenicline
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  environment
  European
  quality of life
  Romania
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  art
  counseling
  diseases
  female
  human
  male
  medical history
  outpatient
  pharmacy
  risk
  tobacco dependence
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 233
TITLE
  Using virtual reality in the practical teaching of pharmacology in the 
degree of medicine. Strengths and weaknesses
AUTHOR NAMES
  Valdizán E.M.
  Pilar F.
  Vidal R.
  Villar A.
  Tramullas M.
  Martinez-Cue C.
  Castro E.
  Diaz A.
  Hurlé M.A.
  Pazos A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Valdizán E.M.; Pilar F.; Vidal R.; Villar A.; Tramullas M.; Martinez-Cue 
C.; Castro E.; Diaz A.; Hurlé M.A.; Pazos A.) Department of Physiology and 
Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
(Valdizán E.M.; Pilar F.; Vidal R.; Castro E.; Diaz A.; Pazos A.) IBBTEC, 
University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
(Valdizán E.M.; Pilar F.; Vidal R.; Castro E.; Diaz A.; Pazos A.) CIBERSAM, 
University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.M. Valdizán, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of 
Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
SOURCE
  Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2013) 113 SUPPL. 1 (9-10). 
Date of Publication: September 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  34th Congress of the Spanish Society of Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-09-16 to 2013-09-19
ISSN
  1742-7835
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  The main characteristic of virtual learning environments (VLE) is to 
facilitate the learning of the student and its management by the teacher. 
The use of these resources by teachers involves knowledge and skill in the 
design and management of virtual learning scenarios. Since the 70s until the 
start of 21st century, the study of pharmacology in the third year of the 
Bachelor of Medicine at the University of Cantabria included both, 
theoretical classes and practical laboratory classes with animals (rat or 
cat), which allowed students to observe the drug effects in a living 
organism (influence of dose, routes of administration, desired effects and 
unwanted variability in response, etc.). But in the recent years, the 
legislative changes together with the attitude of students and society, in 
general, towards the use of experimental animals have been forced to change 
our teaching methods. Thus why in the University Medical School of Cantabria 
we are now including virtual reality based computer programs to replace 
laboratory animals in practical classes: Ciberpatient, a simulator of time 
course of plasma levels of the drugs in the body in response to the change 
of specific pharmacokinetic parameters and developed by Michael B. Bolger at 
the University of Southern California, and the Cardiovascular system a 
simulated experiment on a 'pithed' rat, developed by Rat John Dempster in 
the University of Strathclyde. We must highlight that these VLE are a great 
tool as a substitute of experimental animals to 'see' the pharmacological 
effects of the drugs; indeed, the problems we are facing when using this 
technology in teaching are more 'logistic' than technical ones. From a 
pedagogical point of view, VLE simulators on their own do not add any 
educational value to a learning environment since it is essential to make 
use of them with a pedagogical proposal, being able to leverage their 
strengths and avoid their drawbacks. If we follow a similar methodology to 
that used in classroom training, no significant differences in student 
learning are found when using VLE. Even more, they provoke a greater 
personal involvement of students in the experience; enable the projection of 
the potential of the methodology to other areas and the development of 
autonomy. When a constructivist teaching approach is adopted, the level of 
achievement of the learning objectives and knowledge construction are 
clearly favoured. From the point of view of learning achievements, the 
following features of VLE must be highlighted: 1. Provoke a more active and 
participatory learning. 2. Allow the development of autonomous learning. 3. 
Favours a critical attitude towards learning. 4. Improve student's 
self-concept and self-esteem. 5. Students tend to believe everything said by 
the teacher or written in a textbook whereas this new model helps students 
to understand the need to expand their academic training by searching 
information from other sources and to maintain a critical attitude toward 
knowledge. 6. Students show interest, motivation and willingness to learn 
actively and autonomously. The main limitations of VLE technology we have 
detected are: 1. The data obtained in the current simulators are very 
homogeneous, so that all classroom computers get exactly the same value of 
the parameter analyzed, this can confuse our students about the diversity of 
the response to drugs in a living organism. 2. The system does not detect if 
the dose is correct or not and then acting accordingly. 3. In many cases the 
price of these simulators is high. Although the final cost is less than the 
number of animals used every year, it is difficult to convince our 
institutions to make large initial investments. 4. There is a lack of 
training of the university teachers who use these programs so that the 
potential and capabilities of these simulators are not always adequately 
exploited. Overall, virtual computer programs, rather than a collection of 
experimental recordings are a good alternative to animal experimentation as 
a teaching methodology in practical classes of Pharmacology to Medical 
students.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacology
  society
  teaching
  virtual reality
  weakness
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  animal experiment
  blood level
  book
  cardiovascular system
  cat
  computer
  computer program
  drug effect
  experimental animal
  human
  implantable cardioverter defibrillator
  investment
  laboratory
  learning
  learning environment
  medical school
  medical student
  methodology
  model
  motivation
  organisms
  parameters
  pharmacokinetics
  rat
  recording
  self concept
  self esteem
  simulator
  skill
  student
  teacher
  technology
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12101-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 234
TITLE
  Clinical pharmacist to improve the pharmacological appropriateness in 
residential social care for elderly
AUTHOR NAMES
  Franchin G.
  Bolcato J.
  Caparrotta L.
  Terrazzani G.
  Chinellato A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Franchin G.; Bolcato J.; Caparrotta L.; Terrazzani G.; Chinellato A.) 
Servizio Farmaceutico Territoriale AULSS 9, Treviso Dipartimento di scienze 
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Franchin, Servizio Farmaceutico Territoriale AULSS 9, Treviso 
Dipartimento di scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, 
Padova, Italy.
SOURCE
  European Geriatric Medicine (2013) 4 SUPPL. 1 (S164-S165). Date of 
Publication: September 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  9th Congress of the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society, EUGMS 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Venice, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-10-02 to 2013-10-04
ISSN
  1878-7649
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Masson SAS
ABSTRACT
  Introduction.- Elderly residents in Nursing Homes (NHs) are affected by 
disorders that often lead to permanent disability with significant health 
care needs and expenditure. This study presents a project of a computerized 
management of therapies supported by a pharmacist placed by side of the 
medical and paramedical staff in NHs to improve the pharmacological end 
points by drug appropriateness. Methods.- One year observational study of 
2050 residents (mean age 83 years, 23%Mvs 77% F), in 25 NHs of the Local 
Health Authority (LHA) of Treviso. A clinical pharmacist by a dedicated 
software recorded age, gender, and medications for each NH residents, to 
identify elderly in severe polypharmacy. Drugs were classified by the 
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code (ATC5) to identify 
chemical/therapeutic subgroup. Results.- The therapies mainly involved the 
blood and bloodforming organs (4053 DDD/1000/day), the cardiovascular system 
(1861 DDD/1000/day), the gastro-intestinal tract and metabolism (1355 
DDD/1000/day), the nervous system (735 DDD/1000/day), the bone 
remineralization, mostly bisphosphonates (96 DDD/1000/day). The 73% of 
patients were in polypharmacy, prescribed on a number of drugs equal or 
greater than six: to 56.5% of them were prescribed 6-9 medications, to 22.5% 
10-11 medications, while the remaining 21% from 12-21. Conclusion.- 
Considering the frailty of most elderly examined in this study and the 
extensive use of drugs, the pharmacist collaboration with NHs staff improved 
the therapeutic effectiveness and over that reduced the risk of drug-induced 
problems. Furthermore, as 'pharmaceutical care provider', the pharmacist 
improved the use of health care resources.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  bisphosphonic acid derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aged
  European Union
  geriatrics
  human
  pharmacist
  social care
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood
  bone
  cardiovascular system
  computer program
  disability
  diseases
  drug therapy
  gastrointestinal tract
  gender
  health
  health care
  health care need
  metabolism
  nervous system
  nursing home
  observational study
  paramedical personnel
  patient
  pharmaceutical care
  polypharmacy
  risk
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.549
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 235
TITLE
  Impact of a clinical pharmacist in the multi-specialized hospital: An 
Egyptian Trial
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sabry N.
  Abbassi M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sabry N.; Abbassi M.) Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Sabry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 21 SUPPL. 2 (46-47). Date 
of Publication: September 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society, RPS Annual Conference 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Birmingham, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-09-08 to 2013-09-09
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Patient safety is a main goal in any treatment protocol. Drugs 
are not licensed worldwide until they are proven to be safe & efficacious. 
However, drug related problems (DRPs) represent a worldwide concern. A DRP 
can be defined as 'A circumstance that involves a patient's drug treatment 
that actually, or potentially, interferes with the achievement of an optimal 
outcome' (1). This can include any stage of drug use starting from 
prescribing process, all through dispensing, administration & then possible 
adverse events. Medication review is a structured evaluation of patient's 
medicines, aimed at optimizing the impact of medications while minimizing 
their related problems. DRPs are frequent in Egyptians hospitals, cause 
increased costs & had never been properly addressed, which encouraged the 
present authors to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist in providing 
pharmaceutical care. Methodology This prospective work was conducted between 
June & December 2012, at a 150-bed Egyptian general hospital. Five trained 
pharmacists with the same level of qualifications & experience were 
specially recruited to conduct a structured medication review process & 
record patient-specific medication related recommendations & complete 
quality-of-care interventions. All identified DRPs & interventions proposed 
were recorded & stratified according to their type. rate of resistance to 
pharmacist interventions were calculated. Ninety five percent confidence 
intervals (95% CI) were calculated when possible. The medication review 
process was not a service routinely provided in the hospital. Institutional 
review boards of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University as well as the 
hospital approved the study. Written informed consent was deemed 
unnecessary. Results The total audited doses by the pharmacists were 43072 
(81%), 33096 (68%), 36509 (76%), 37129 (71%), 35866 (80%), 43240 
(97%),&48749 (98%) with an average rate of 81%. The most prevalent DRPs were 
prescribing errors followed by administration errors, then medication 
overdose. The greatest error rates across the 7 months were observed in the 
ICUs & cardiology units (average of 22%). Numbers of interventions offered 
by the pharmacists ranged in the study period from 241, to 519 per months. 
Nurses accepted all the interventions introduced by the pharmacists aimed at 
reducing administration errors while physicians resistance rates had an 
average of 21%. Resistance rates were relatively high among ICU specialists, 
internal medicine specialties as well as in surgery. During the study 
period, A total of 20 (92 doses) patients experienced adverse drug events 
(ADRs). The highest was observed during the first month of the service were 
ADRs represented 2.8% of the total problems detected during June. Out of the 
reported 20 patients one of only was prescribed as allergic & the rest were 
non-allergic. Thirteen (70 doses) of the recorded events resulted in death 
or serious events & required urgent intervention including ICU admission, 
discontinuing medication, treatment change, or extra monitoring. Discussion 
This study records the pharmacists' interventions in the secondary care 
setting & the measures taken by the hospital as a result of the pharmacists 
review. Pharmacists were effectively able to intervene&correct all 
administration errors while physicians especially consultants were more 
resistant to interventions. The percentage of doses reviewed increased along 
the study except for August & September. Ramadan - the fasting month - came 
during August and could be the reason behind this decline, where the daily 
working hours decreased from 6 hours daily to four hours only. DRP rates in 
the present study had an average of 2.8% of audited doses, matching 
international rates; 1.5% prescribing errors in United Kingdom (UK) & 6.2% 
in the United States of America (USA).(2) ICUs where the highest percentage 
of DRPs to be recorded. This could be attributed to the presence of 
substantial patient safety challenges because of the fast-pace, complex 
problems, and the urgent high-risk decision-making by physicians with 
varying levels of critical care training. Furthermore, critically ill 
patients may be vulnerable to iatrogenic injury because of the severity & 
instability of their illness. This study showed a positive influence of the 
pharmacistled medication review in reducing potential drug-related problems 
in Egyptian secondary care where the hospital under study implemented new 
measures to minimize drug related problems according to the findings of the 
trained pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care organization
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  adverse drug reaction
  cardiology
  confidence interval
  consultation
  critically ill patient
  death
  decision making
  diet restriction
  diseases
  drug therapy
  drug use
  general hospital
  iatrogenic disease
  informed consent
  institutional review
  intensive care
  internal medicine
  intoxication
  medical specialist
  methodology
  monitoring
  nurse
  patient
  patient safety
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
  physician
  risk
  secondary health care
  surgery
  United Kingdom
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12064
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 236
TITLE
  Nasal drug delivery in traditional Persian medicine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zarshenas Mohammad
  Zargaran A.
  Maüller J.
  Mohagheghzadeh A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zarshenas Mohammad) Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of 
Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
(Zarshenas Mohammad; Mohagheghzadeh A.) Pharmaceutical Sciences Research 
Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
(Zargaran A., zargarana@sums.ac.ir; Mohagheghzadeh A.) Department of 
Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical 
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
(Zargaran A., zargarana@sums.ac.ir) Research Office for the History of 
Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
(Maüller J.) University of Marburg, Institute for the History of Pharmacy, 
Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Zargaran, Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 
Karafarin street, PO Box: 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran. Email: 
zargarana@sums.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products (2013) 8:3 (144-148). 
Date of Publication: August 2013
ISSN
  1735-7780
  2228-7876 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 61357-33184, Ahvaz, 
Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Over one hundred different pharmaceutical dosage forms have been 
recorded in literatures of Traditional Persian Medicine among which nasal 
forms are considerable. Objectives: This study designed to derive the most 
often applied nasal dosage forms together with those brief clinical 
administrations. Materials and Methods: In the current study remaining 
pharmaceutical manuscripts of Persia during 9th to 18th century AD have been 
studied and different dosage forms related to nasal application of herbal 
medicines and their therapeutic effects were derived. Results: By searching 
through pharmaceutical manuscripts of medieval Persia, different nasal 
dosage forms involving eleven types related to three main groups are found. 
These types could be derived from powder, solution or liquid and gaseous 
forms. Gaseous form were classified into fumigation (Bakhoor), vapor bath 
(Enkebab), inhalation (Lakhlakheh), aroma agents (Ghalieh) and olfaction or 
smell (Shomoom). Nasal solutions were as drops (Ghatoor), nasal snuffing 
drops (Saoot) and liquid snuffformulations (Noshoogh). Powders were as nasal 
insufflation or snorting agents (Nofookh) and errhine or sternutator 
medicine (Otoos). Nasal forms were not applied only for local purposes. 
Rather systemic disorders and specially CNS complications were said to be a 
target for these dosage forms. Discussion: While this novel type of drug 
delivery is known as a suitable substitute for oral and parenteral 
administration, it was well accepted and extensively mentioned in Persian 
medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts and other traditional systems of 
medicine as well. Accordingly, medieval pharmaceutical standpoints on nasal 
dosage forms could still be an interesting subject of study. Therefore, the 
current work can briefly show the pharmaceutical knowledge on nasal 
formulations in medieval Persia and clarify a part of history of traditional 
Persian pharmacy. © 2013, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University 
of Medical Sciences; Licensee DocS Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nose drops
  plant extract (pharmaceutics)
  unclassified drug
  Ziziphus spina-christi extract (pharmaceutics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug delivery system
  traditional medicine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aeration
  Alhagi maurorum
  aroma
  article
  cerebrovascular accident
  drug formulation
  epistaxis
  Euphorbia
  Euphorbia resinifera
  facial nerve paralysis
  Ferula
  Ferula persica
  first pass effect
  fumigation
  germander
  Glaucium corniculatum
  headache
  herbal medicine
  inhalation
  Malus pumila
  medical literature
  medicinal plant
  molecular weight
  nonhuman
  nose cavity
  odor
  paralysis
  particle size
  powder
  Ruta graveolens
  smelling
  substance abuse
  sugarcane
  Teucrium montanum
  tobacco
  vapor
  vertigo
  Ziziphus spina-christi
  Zygophyllaceae
  Zygophyllum fabago
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014047159
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 237
TITLE
  In vitro anti-rotaviral activity of Achillea kellalensis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Taherkhani R.
  Farshadpour F.
  Makvandi M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Taherkhani R.; Farshadpour F.; Makvandi M., manoochehrmakvandi29@yahoo.com) 
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapour 
University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Taherkhani R.; Farshadpour F.; Makvandi M., manoochehrmakvandi29@yahoo.com) 
Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur 
University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Makvandi, Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz 
Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Email: 
manoochehrmakvandi29@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products (2013) 8:3 (138-143). 
Date of Publication: August 2013
ISSN
  1735-7780
  2228-7876 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 61357-33184, Ahvaz, 
Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Achillea kellalensis, which is frequently used by Chaharmahal va 
Bakhtiarians residing in, Southwest of Iran, as a traditional herbal 
medicine for the treatment of acute diarrhea, has been selected to examine 
its antiviral activities against bovine rotavirus and cell toxicity activity 
in MA-104 cells. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in 
vitro cytotoxic and anti-rotavirus properties of crude extracts of A. 
kellalensis. Materials and Methods: The dried and powdered flowers of 
Achillea kellalensis were extracted with hot water and ethanol 50% (v/v). 
The cell viability and toxicity of the extracts were evaluated on MA-104 
cells using four methods; trypan blue dye, NR, crystal violet and MTT assay. 
The in vitro anti-rotavirus properties were determined via four different 
assays, in order to evaluate the direct inhibition and/or the inhibition of 
viral replication. Results: Cytotoxicity of two A. kellalensis extracts 
showed different concentrations. Hydro-alcoholic extract had low CC50 at 600 
μg/mL by the NR assay while the aqueous extract had high CC50 at 1000μg/mL 
by the crystal violet method. In the simultaneous treatment assay and post 
treatment assay, the extracts were able to prevent viral replication and 
inhibit the viral CPE on MA-104 cells at 10 TCID50, but the extracts did not 
exhibit direct antiviral activity on rotavirus adsorption. The effective 
concentration (EC50) of both extracts was observed to be 100 μg/mL. 
Conclusions: These results indicate that A. kellalensis extracts exert 
potent anti-rotaviral activity only after viral adsorption. The two extracts 
from A. kellalensis showed a good selectivity index. Also these results 
suggest that extracts prepared from the flowers of A. kellalensis may be 
potential anti-rotaviral agents in vivo and be useful in veterinary 
medicine. © 2013, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of 
Medical Sciences; Licensee DocS Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  achillea kellalensis extract (pharmacology)
  antivirus agent (pharmacology)
  plant extract (pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  crystal violet
  hot water
  neutral red
  trypan blue
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Achillea
  Achillea kellalensis
  antirotaviral activity
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  antiviral activity
  article
  cell viability
  concentration response
  drug cytotoxicity
  in vitro study
  MTT assay
  virus attachment
  virus inhibition
  virus replication
  virus titration
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  crystal violet (467-63-0, 548-62-9)
  neutral red (553-24-2)
  trypan blue (72-57-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014047158
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 238
TITLE
  The use and misuse of prescription stimulants as "cognitive enhancers" by 
students at one academic health sciences center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bossaer J.B.
  Gray J.A.
  Miller S.E.
  Enck G.
  Gaddipati V.C.
  Enck R.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bossaer J.B., bossaer@etsu.edu; Gray J.A.; Miller S.E.) Department of 
Pharmacy Practice, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State 
University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
(Enck G.) Philosophy Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 
United States.
(Enck G.) Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
(Gaddipati V.C.) University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 
United States.
(Enck R.E.) Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, 
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.B. Bossaer, Box 70657, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States. Email: 
bossaer@etsu.edu
SOURCE
  Academic Medicine (2013) 88:7 (967-971). Date of Publication: July 2013
ISSN
  1040-2446
  1938-808X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street,P O Box 327, 
Philadelphia, United States.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Prescription stimulant use as "cognitive enhancers" has been 
described among undergraduate college students. However, the use of 
prescription stimulants among future health care professionals is not well 
characterized. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of 
prescription stimulant misuse among students at an academic health sciences 
center. METHOD: Electronic surveys were e-mailed to 621 medical, pharmacy, 
and respiratory therapy students at East Tennessee State University for four 
consecutive weeks in fall 2011. Completing the survey was voluntary and 
anonymous. Surveys asked about reasons for, frequency of, and side effects 
of nonprescription misuse of prescription stimulants. Given the sensitive 
material, an opportunity to win one of ten $50 gift cards was used as an 
incentive. RESULTS: Three hundred seventy-two (59.9%) students completed the 
survey from three disciplines (47.6% medical, 70.5% pharmacy, and 57.6% 
respiratory therapy). Overall, 11.3% of responders admitted to misusing 
prescription stimulants. There was more misuse by respiratory therapy 
students, although this was not statistically significant (10.9% medicine, 
9.7% pharmacy, 26.3% respiratory therapy; P = .087). Reasons for 
prescription stimulant misuse included to enhance alertness/energy (65.9%), 
to improve academic performance (56.7%), to experiment (18.2%), and to use 
recreationally/get high (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Prescription stimulant misuse 
was prevalent among participating students, but further research is needed 
to describe prevalence among future health care workers more generally. The 
implications and consequences of such misuse require further study across 
professions with emphasis on investigating issues of academic dishonesty 
(e.g., "cognitive enhancement"), educational quality, and patient safety or 
health care quality.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  central stimulant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cognition
  drug misuse
  medical personnel
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  artificial ventilation
  drug effect
  human
  medical student
  pharmacy student
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23702522 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23702522)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e318294fc7b
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 239
TITLE
  Health promotion and public engagement: an alternative to the traditional 
final year project
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hall J.
  Hughes J.
  Parmar H.
  Rhodes M.
  Crabtree V.
  Smith I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hall J.; Hughes J., jenny.k.hughes@manchester.ac.uk; Parmar H.; Rhodes M.; 
Crabtree V.; Smith I.) The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Hughes, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom. Email: 
jenny.k.hughes@manchester.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Education (2013) 13:1 (108-109). Date of Publication: 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  Monash Pharmacy Education Symposium 2013 - Teaching for Learning
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Prato, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-07-08 to 2013-07-10
ISSN
  1560-2214
  1477-2701 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  FIP
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Pharmacy undergraduate students must demonstrate a systematic 
and critical awareness of current knowledge and bring originality to their 
application of this knowledge.(GPhC, 2011) In the past, this has been 
achieved by students completing traditional research projects but the task 
of finding meaningful individual project titles and supervising these is 
becoming more challenging with increasing student numbers. This abstract 
describes work in progress as we attempt to achieve the above learning 
outcomes supervising student-led health promotion initiatives. Methods: 
Eight groups of final year pharmacy students selected their own area of 
health promotion. Students individually conducted a literature review on 
their chosen area. Systematic and critical awareness was assessed. Each 
group of students planned and carried out two separate health promotion 
events and the originality in application was assessed via a self-reflection 
diary they completed during the events. The student reports will be graded 
using the standard project grading form. Results: The topics selected by the 
students were: smoking cessation, asthma, substance abuse, cardiovascular 
disease, HIV infection, alcohol, and cancer awareness. The health promotion 
events included displays in train stations, shopping centres, and the 
students’ union. Compared with previous projects, the staff supervising 
these projects found the students engaged more fully with the activities and 
they demonstrated high levels of originality in their execution of the 
health promotion events. Conclusion: Upon completion, the work will be 
evaluated by ascertaining staff and students’ views on their experience and 
investigating student achievement of the learning objectives.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  health promotion
  learning
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  asthma
  cardiovascular disease
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection
  neoplasm
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  shopping
  smoking cessation
  student
  substance abuse
  undergraduate student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 240
TITLE
  Round 2 delphi results of the national hospital clinical pharmacy key 
performance indicators consensus process
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gorman S.
  Toombs K.
  Shukla S.
  Lo J.
  Bannerman H.
  Slavik R.
  Semchuk B.
  Doucette D.
  Chan W.
  Benninger N.
  MacKinnon N.
  Bell C.
  Slobodan J.
  Lyder C.
  Fernandes O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gorman S.; Slavik R.) Interior Health Authority, Kelowna, Canada.
(Toombs K.) Capital Health, Halifax, Canada.
(Shukla S.; Lo J.; Bannerman H.; Chan W.; Benninger N.; Fernandes O.) Leslie 
Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
(Semchuk B.) Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region, Regina, Canada.
(Doucette D.) Horizon Health Network, Moncton, Canada.
(MacKinnon N.) University of Arizona, Tucson, United States.
(Bell C.) Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
(Slobodan J.) Alberta Health Services, Red Deer, Canada.
(Lyder C.) Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Edmonton, Canada.
(Lyder C.) Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Ottawa, Canada.
(Fernandes O.) University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Gorman, Interior Health Authority, Kelowna, Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (2013) 66:4 (266). Date of 
Publication: 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Summer Educational Sessions, SES of the Canadian Society of Hospital 
Pharmacists, CSHP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Calgary , AB, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-08-10 to 2013-08-13
ISSN
  0008-4123
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists
ABSTRACT
  Background: Key performance indicators (KPI) are quantifiable measures of 
healthcare quality. A working group of Canadian hospital pharmacists 
developed national consensus selection criteria and candidate clinical 
pharmacy key performance indicators (cpKPIs) that may be suitable for 
advancing clinical pharmacy practice. Description/Action: Objective-to 
report Round 2 Delphi quantitative cpKPI rankings from a systematic, 
evidence-informed, national consensus building process. A modified Delphi 
approach was utilized and a Delphi panel comprising of 26 hospital 
pharmacists from ten provinces was convened. Two of 3 rounds of an 
electronic Delphi survey instrument and a live Delphi meeting were 
conducted. Panelists ranked twenty-nine candidate cpKPIs on 11 predetermined 
critical KPI attributes using a 9-point Likert scale. Additionally, an 
overall score was assigned to determine whether the cpKPI would be useful 
for advancing clinical pharmacy practice to improve the quality of patient 
care. The a-priori consensus criterion was attained if 75% of the panelists 
assigned an overall rating ≥ 7 on the Likert scale. Evaluation: Eight 
candidate cpKPIs met the consensus definition after round two of the Delphi 
process: 1) pharmacist admission medication reconciliation; 2) pharmacist 
participation in interprofessional patient care rounds; 3) the number of 
drug therapy problems (DTPs) resolved; 4) patients who received in-person 
pharmacist education about their diseases and medications; 5) pharmacist 
discharge medication counseling; 6) pharmacist discharge medication 
reconciliation; 7) combined BPMH admission medication reconciliation; and 8) 
“bundled” proactive direct patient care provided by a pharmacist. Notably, 
an additional cpKPI evaluating the number (or proportion) of patients for 
whom pharmacists have completed a pharmaceutical care plan was developed 
after round two. Implications: Eight candidate cpKPI met the consensus 
criteria after round 2 of 3 in a modified Delphi process. The measurement of 
performance indicators at a national level may serve to advance clinical 
pharmacy practice and improve patient outcomes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  consensus
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
  society
  summer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  counseling
  Delphi study
  diseases
  drug therapy
  education
  health care quality
  Likert scale
  medication therapy management
  patient
  patient care
  pharmaceutical care
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 241
TITLE
  Potentiating effects of Lactuca sativa on pentobarbital-induced sleep
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ghorbani A.
  Rakhshandeh H.
  Sadeghnia H.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ghorbani A.; Rakhshandeh H., rakhshandehh@mums.ac.ir; Sadeghnia H.R.) 
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, 
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
(Rakhshandeh H., rakhshandehh@mums.ac.ir) Department of Pharmacology, School 
of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
(Sadeghnia H.R.) Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Mashhad 
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Rakhshandeh, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School 
of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email: 
rakhshandehh@mums.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:2 (401-406). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Traditionally, Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been recommended for its 
hypnotic property. The present study was planned to investigate 
sleep-prolonging effect of this plant. The hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of 
lettuce and its water fraction (WF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and 
n-butanol fraction (NBF) were administrated (IP) to mice 30 min before the 
pentobarbital injection. Moreover, both in-vivo and in-vitro toxicity of the 
extracts were determined. The quality of HAE and NBF was also evaluated 
using HPLC fingerprint. The HAE prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleep 
duration at dose of 400 mg/Kg. The NBF was the only fraction which could 
increase the sleep duration and decrease sleep latency. The effects of NBF 
were comparable to those of induced by diazepam. The LD(50)-value for HAE 
was found to be 4.8 g/Kg. No neurotoxic effect was observed either by HAE or 
by its fractions in cultured PC12 neuron-like cells. The results suggest 
that lettuce potentiates pentobarbital hypnosis without major toxic effect. 
The main component(s) responsible for this effect is most likely to be 
non-polar agent(s) which found in NBF of this plant. © 2013 by School of 
Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Lactuca sativa extract (drug analysis, drug development, intraperitoneal 
drug administration)
  plant extract (drug analysis, drug development, intraperitoneal drug 
administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetic acid ethyl ester
  butanol
  diazepam
  dimethyl sulfoxide
  penicillin derivative
  pentobarbital
  sodium chloride
  streptomycin
  unclassified drug
  water
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hypnosis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute toxicity
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  cytotoxicity
  high performance liquid chromatography
  lettuce
  male
  mouse
  neurotoxicity
  nonhuman
  sleep induction
  sleep time
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetic acid ethyl ester (141-78-6)
  butanol (35296-72-1, 71-36-3)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5)
  pentobarbital (57-33-0, 76-74-4)
  sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
  streptomycin (57-92-1)
  water (7732-18-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013373739
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 242
TITLE
  The role of academic pharmacy in tobacco cessation and control
AUTHOR NAMES
  McBane S.E.
  Corelli R.L.
  Albano C.B.
  Conry J.M.
  Della Paolera M.A.
  Kennedy A.K.
  Jenkins A.T.
  Hudmon K.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McBane S.E.; Corelli R.L.; Albano C.B.; Conry J.M.; Della Paolera M.A.; 
Kennedy A.K.; Jenkins A.T.; Hudmon K.S.) Skaggs School of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, 
California, USA
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2013) 77:5 (93). Date of 
Publication: 12 Jun 2013
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Despite decades of public health initiatives, tobacco use remains the 
leading known preventable cause of death in the United States. Clinicians 
have a proven, positive effect on patients' ability to quit, and pharmacists 
are strategically positioned to assist patients with quitting. The American 
Association of Colleges of Pharmacy recognizes health promotion and disease 
prevention as a key educational outcome; as such, tobacco cessation 
education should be a required component of pharmacy curricula to ensure 
that all pharmacy graduates possess the requisite evidence-based knowledge 
and skills to intervene with patients who use tobacco. Faculty members 
teaching tobacco cessation-related content must be knowledgeable and 
proficient in providing comprehensive cessation counseling, and all 
preceptors and practicing pharmacists providing direct patient care should 
screen for tobacco use and provide at least minimal counseling as a routine 
component of care. Pharmacy organizations should establish policies and 
resolutions addressing the profession's role in tobacco cessation and 
control, and the profession should work together to eliminate tobacco sales 
in all practice settings where pharmacy services are rendered.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prevention and control
  procedures
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  attitude to health
  clinical competence
  curriculum
  education
  health personnel attitude
  human
  patient advocacy
  professional standard
  public health
  school
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  teaching
  tobacco dependence (therapy)
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23788804 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788804)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe77593
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 243
TITLE
  The role of academic pharmacy in tobacco cessation and control.
AUTHOR NAMES
  McBane S.E.
  Corelli R.L.
  Albano C.B.
  Conry J.M.
  Della Paolera M.A.
  Kennedy A.K.
  Jenkins A.T.
  Hudmon K.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McBane S.E.) Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
(Corelli R.L.; Albano C.B.; Conry J.M.; Della Paolera M.A.; Kennedy A.K.; 
Jenkins A.T.; Hudmon K.S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.E. McBane, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2013) 77:5 (93). Date of 
Publication: 12 Jun 2013
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Despite decades of public health initiatives, tobacco use remains the 
leading known preventable cause of death in the United States. Clinicians 
have a proven, positive effect on patients' ability to quit, and pharmacists 
are strategically positioned to assist patients with quitting. The American 
Association of Colleges of Pharmacy recognizes health promotion and disease 
prevention as a key educational outcome; as such, tobacco cessation 
education should be a required component of pharmacy curricula to ensure 
that all pharmacy graduates possess the requisite evidence-based knowledge 
and skills to intervene with patients who use tobacco. Faculty members 
teaching tobacco cessation-related content must be knowledgeable and 
proficient in providing comprehensive cessation counseling, and all 
preceptors and practicing pharmacists providing direct patient care should 
screen for tobacco use and provide at least minimal counseling as a routine 
component of care. Pharmacy organizations should establish policies and 
resolutions addressing the profession's role in tobacco cessation and 
control, and the profession should work together to eliminate tobacco sales 
in all practice settings where pharmacy services are rendered.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  smoking (prevention)
  smoking cessation
  teaching
  tobacco dependence (therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic pharmacy
  article
  attitude to health
  clinical competence
  curriculum
  health personnel attitude
  human
  methodology
  patient advocacy
  policy
  professional standard
  public health
  school
  tobacco
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23788804 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788804)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 244
TITLE
  Evaluation of clinical pharmacist recommendations in the geriatric ward of a 
Belgian university hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Somers A.
  Robays H.
  De Paepe P.
  Van Maele G.
  Perehudoff K.
  Petrovic M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Somers A., annemie.somers@uzgent.be; Robays H.) Department of Pharmacy, 
Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
(De Paepe P.) Department of Emergency Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 
Ghent, Belgium.
(Van Maele G.) Department of Medical Statistics, Ghent University Hospital, 
Ghent, Belgium.
(Perehudoff K.; Petrovic M.) Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University 
Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Somers, Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 
185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Email: annemie.somers@uzgent.be
SOURCE
  Clinical Interventions in Aging (2013) 8 (703-709). Date of Publication: 12 
Jun 2013
ISSN
  1176-9092
  1178-1998 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Dove Medical Press Ltd., PO Box 300-008, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To evaluate the type, acceptance rate, and clinical relevance of 
clinical pharmacist recommendations at the geriatric ward of the Ghent 
university hospital. Methods: The clinical pharmacist evaluated drug use 
during a weekly 2-hour visit for a period of 4 months and, if needed, made 
recommendations to the prescribing physician. The recommendations were 
classified according to type, acceptance by the physician, prescribed 
medication, and underlying drug-related problem. Appropriateness of 
prescribing was assessed using the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) 
before and after the recommendations were made. Two clinical pharmacologists 
and two clinical pharmacists independently and retrospectively evaluated the 
clinical relevance of the recommendations and rated their own acceptance of 
them. Results: The clinical pharmacist recommended 304 drug therapy changes 
for 100 patients taking a total of 1137 drugs. The most common underlying 
drug-related problems concerned incorrect dose, drug-drug interaction, and 
adverse drug reaction, which appeared most frequently for cardiovascular 
drugs, drugs for the central nervous system, and drugs for the 
gastrointestinal tract. The most common type of recommendation concerned 
adapting the dose, and stopping or changing a drug. In total, 59.7% of the 
recommendations were accepted by the treating physician. The acceptance rate 
by the evaluators ranged between 92.4% and 97.0%. The mean clinical 
relevance of the recommendations was assessed as possibly important (53.4%), 
possibly low relevance (38.1%), and possibly very important (4.2%). A low 
interrater agreement concerning clinical relevance between the evaluators 
was found: kappa values ranged between 0.15 and 0.25. Summated MAI scores 
significantly improved after the pharmacist recommendations, with mean 
values decreasing from 9.3 to 6.2 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, 
the clinical pharmacist identified a high number of potential drug-related 
problems in older patients; however, the acceptance of the pharmacotherapy 
recommendations by the treating physician was lower than by a panel of 
evaluators. This panel, however, rated most recommendations as possibly 
important and as possibly having low relevance, with low interrater 
reliability. As the appropriateness of prescribing seemed to improve with 
decreased MAI scores, clinical pharmacy services may contribute to the 
optimization of drug therapy in older inpatients. © 2013 Somers et al, 
publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alendronic acid (drug therapy)
  amiodarone (drug interaction)
  analgesic agent
  antibiotic agent
  anticoagulant agent
  antidiabetic agent
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent
  calcium (drug combination, drug therapy)
  cardiovascular agent
  carvedilol
  central stimulant agent
  corticosteroid
  digoxin
  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor
  diuretic agent
  domperidone (drug interaction)
  haloperidol (drug interaction)
  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor
  hypnotic agent
  levofloxacin
  lisinopril
  methylprednisolone (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent
  nitrofurantoin
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
  proton pump inhibitor
  ranitidine
  simvastatin (drug dose)
  unindexed drug
  vitamin D (drug combination, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  geriatric hospital
  pharmacist attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Belgium
  drug choice
  drug substitution
  drug use
  drug withdrawal
  geriatric patient
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  interrater reliability
  low drug dose
  osteoporosis (drug therapy)
  physical performance
  physician
  potentially inappropriate medication
  practice guideline
  prescription
  scoring system
  university hospital
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alendronic acid (66376-36-1)
  amiodarone (1951-25-3, 19774-82-4, 62067-87-2)
  calcium (14092-94-5, 7440-70-2)
  carvedilol (72956-09-3)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  domperidone (57808-66-9)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  levofloxacin (100986-85-4, 138199-71-0)
  lisinopril (76547-98-3, 83915-83-7)
  methylprednisolone (6923-42-8, 83-43-2)
  nitrofurantoin (54-87-5, 67-20-9)
  ranitidine (66357-35-5, 66357-59-3)
  simvastatin (79902-63-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013380402
MEDLINE PMID
  23807844 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23807844)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S42162
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 245
TITLE
  The student pharmacists chemical health scale-2013: High risk factors for 
substance use disorders in student pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Norton M.
  Blinder V.
  Ford H.
  Fulford M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Norton M.; Blinder V.; Ford H.; Fulford M.) University of Georgia, College 
of Pharmacy, Athens, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Norton, University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (337). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Purpose: Student pharmacists represent a group of 
healthcare professionals at high risk of developing substance use disorders 
(SUD). The purpose of this research project is to develop the Student 
Pharmacist Chemical Health Scale (SPCHS), a prevention/ early intervention 
instrument designed to identify individuals at high risk for SUD. Methods: 
Administration of the SPCHS to University of Georgia student pharmacists 
yielded 393 usable submissions. The SPCHS collected data using Qualtrics 
computer software and examined demographics, age of first use, family 
history of addiction/mental illness, current alcohol use, trauma history, 
impulsivity, negative proscriptions, protective factors, and genetic use 
patterns. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to 
identify patterns of high-risk alcohol use. Results: One hundred thirty-one 
(33.33%) respondents reported the presence of risk factors which may 
contribute to the development of a SUD. The mean age of first use for all 
respondents was approximately 17 years old, but the mean age of first use in 
individuals who qualified as alcohol dependent was approximately 15 years 
old. AUDIT scores ≥ 8 suggest the presence of hazardous and harmful alcohol 
use and potential alcohol dependence. The SPCHS found fifty-one (12.98%) 
respondents had AUDIT scores of 8-15, and seven (1.78%) respondents had 
AUDIT scores ≥ 16. When examining family history of 1st or 2nd degree 
relatives, one hundred sixty-nine (43.00%) respondents reported a family 
history of alcohol or substance abuse, and one hundred thirty-nine (35.37%) 
respondents reported a family history of psychiatric illness. Conclusion and 
Future Directions: This project is currently being expanded to include other 
colleges of pharmacy. Predictive tools like the SPCHS may be implemented as 
part of large-scale alcohol and drug education and intervention programs. 
The ability to effectively screen and detect individuals at increased risk 
for developing SUD could be used in early screenings to combat addiction by 
means of prevention and early intervention.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  health
  human
  pharmacist
  risk factor
  student
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  alcohol consumption
  alcohol use disorder
  alcoholism
  computer
  computer program
  diseases
  early intervention
  education
  family history
  health care personnel
  impulsiveness
  injury
  mental disease
  pharmacy
  prevention
  risk
  screening
  second degree relative
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 246
TITLE
  Rates of hospitalization and emergency department visits in patients 
prescribed buprenorphine/naloxone in a veterans affairs (VA) healthcare 
system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jackson M.-T.
  Moore T.A.
  Mascareñ as C.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jackson M.-T.; Moore T.A.; Mascareñ as C.A.) Pharmacy Service, South Texas 
Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, United States.
(Moore T.A.; Mascareñ as C.A.) University of Texas, Austin College of 
Pharmacy, Austin, United States.
(Moore T.A.) Division of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders, Department of 
Psychiatry, University of Texas, San Antonio, United States.
(Mascareñ as C.A.) Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center, University 
of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.-T. Jackson, Pharmacy Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 
San Antonio, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (334). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: Abuse of and dependence on opioids has 
emerged as a significant and growing societal burden, with members of the 
Veteran population in particular having a high prevalence of addiction to 
both illicit and prescription opiates. Despite increased access to opioid 
agonist therapy (OAT) made possible by the approval of 
buprenorphine/naloxone (BN), several barriers may be contributing to 
underutilization of this treatment option. With the increased enrollment for 
Veterans Affairs (VA) services due to the conclusion of overseas military 
operations, many Veterans will require mental health care, including care 
for substance use disorders. In response to this projected increased need, 
the VA announced an initiative seeking to hire additional healthcare 
professionals dedicated to mental health issues. It is important to explore 
how opioiddependent patients utilize VA system resources to determine if 
special attention should be paid, in the form of increased dedicated 
personnel, to the treatment of opioid dependence and the use of effective 
treatment strategies such as buprenorphine/naloxone. Objectives: 1) 
Determine the number of hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits 
and noshows to appointments of patients diagnosed with opioid dependence and 
prescribed BN compared to patients with a diagnosis but not prescribed BN. 
2) Compare patient characteristics of the two groups. 3) Determine the 
number of hospitalizations, ED visits and no-shows to appointments pre-BN 
and post-BN initiation. Methods: This study will be retrospective chart 
review of adult Veterans with a diagnosis of opioid dependence or opioid 
abuse during the evaluation period. Patients will be divided into thosewho 
received a prescription forBNand those who have not. A random subset of 
those never prescribed BN, equal in number to those patients prescribed BN, 
will be reviewed for comparison purposes. Patients who received BN for less 
than 3 months will be excluded. Outcomes: Results from this project may 
provide additional data to support the VA's efforts to expand access to BN 
therapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
  opiate agonist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  emergency ward
  health care system
  hospitalization
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  addiction
  adult
  army
  diagnosis
  health care personnel
  medical record review
  mental health
  mental health care
  personnel
  population
  prescription
  prevalence
  substance abuse
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 247
TITLE
  Physician consultation with pharmacists and adherence to evidence-based 
medicine for chronic pain management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Giannetti V.
  Kamal K.
  Provenzano D.
  Bott N.
  Lasota S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Giannetti V.; Kamal K.; Bott N.; Lasota S.) Mylan School of Pharmacy, 
Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, United States.
(Provenzano D.) Institute of Pain Diagnostics and Care, Ohio Valley 
Hospital, Pittsburgh, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Giannetti, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (333). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: With the increasing use of opioids and 
often lack of clear guidelines for chronic pain diagnosis and treatment, 
patients can be at risk for inadequate treatment of pain, addiction, adverse 
effects, and a lack of understanding of risks and benefits of various 
treatment modalities. Physicians may not always be informed of the most 
recent evidence-based research in chronic pain management. The American Pain 
Society, the American Academy of Pain Medicine and recent research have 
recommended guidelines for chronic pain management for chronic non-cancer 
pain, and the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the International 
Association for the Study of Pain recently sponsored the development of 
evidence based guideline for the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic 
pain. Also, pharmacists are an accessible resource in the community and have 
specific knowledge regarding therapeutics, drug interactions, adherence and 
possible prescription drug abuse. Chronic pain management can be improved 
with increased access to pain management guidelines and consultation with 
pharmacists. Objectives: The study has two objectives: (i) to assess the 
degree to which physicians' prescribing practices for chronic pain patients 
are consistent with current practice guidelines and evidence-based medicine; 
and (ii) to assess when, to what degree, and under what circumstances do 
physicians consult pharmacists regarding therapeutics, drug interactions, 
dose, and addiction potential. Methods: Participants in the study (n = 600) 
will be recruited from chronic pain specialists through mailing lists of 
professional pain associations. The anticipated respondents will be 150. A 
survey will be developed and content validity will be established by expert 
review of the survey questions. Participants will answer questions regarding 
their practice and prescribing with chronic pain medications. Physician 
responses will be compared to practice guidelines and the degree and utility 
of their consultation with pharmacists will also be assessed. Outcomes: Gaps 
in chronic pain management will be identified and recommendations regarding 
improving collaboration between physicians and pharmacists and adherence to 
practice guidelines will be offered based upon the study results.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  chronic pain
  college
  consultation
  evidence based medicine
  human
  pharmacist
  physician
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  adverse drug reaction
  cancer pain
  community
  content validity
  diagnosis
  drug abuse
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  evidence based practice
  medical specialist
  neuropathic pain
  pain
  patient
  practice guideline
  risk
  society
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 248
TITLE
  Perceptions of smoking cessation from clients at an alcohol and other drug 
facility
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bhuiyan J.S.
  Jonkman L.
  Connor S.
  Giannetti V.
  Freyder P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bhuiyan J.S.) University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United 
States.
(Jonkman L.; Connor S.) University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, 
Pittsburgh, United States.
(Giannetti V.) Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, 
United States.
(Freyder P.) Salvation Army Harbor Light Center, Pittsburgh, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.S. Bhuiyan, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (332-333). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: Smokers with substance use disorder have 
twice the expected rate of deaths attributable to tobacco use than in the 
general population. Despite the evident need for smoking cessation in this 
population, tobacco use dependence treatment is not routinely provided due 
to the ungrounded belief it will interfere with recovery from the primary 
substance use problem. Trials of smoking cessation among patients actively 
receiving treatment for substance use disorder have yielded modest quit 
rates. Limited data exists on concurrent tobacco use dependence behaviors 
and beliefs that may indicate the unique challenges to smoking cessation 
this population faces. Objectives: To determine the perceptions of clients 
in an alcohol and other drug treatment facility regarding the provision of 
smoking cessation services, including 1) motivations for and barriers to 
smoking cessation; 2) attitudes towards quality, extent, and importance of 
smoking cessation services offered at their facility; 3) attitudes towards 
smoking cessation in a population actively receiving treatment for substance 
use disorder; 4) the 'culture' of smoking cessation at the facility; and 5) 
social support. Methods: Semi-structured, one-on-one in-person interviews 
will be conducted with clients using standardized qualitative research 
methods at Salvation Army Harbor Light Center, a 90-day residential alcohol 
and other drug treatment facility in Pittsburgh, PA. All clients who are 
current or past smokers will be invited to participate in this study. 
Baseline demographic data will be obtained via survey methods and will 
include age, race/ethnicity, income level, and primary drug of choice, stage 
of change, co-morbidity, smoking status, and housing status. Interviews will 
be transcribed verbatim and transcripts will be verified with other members 
of the research team. Codes will be developed and themes will be identified 
using Grounded Theory to generate a theory/hypothesis. Survey data will be 
evaluated using descriptive statistics. Data analysis will be conducted 
simultaneously to identify a point of saturation. Outcomes: The data 
collected will help to tailor smoking cessation services to the needs of the 
population - both at this program and other similar programs. The data may 
also further explore the role of the pharmacy student in providing smoking 
cessation services to this population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  army
  data analysis
  death
  drug therapy
  grounded theory
  housing
  income
  interview
  morbidity
  motivation
  patient
  pharmacy student
  population
  qualitative research
  smoking
  social support
  statistics
  substance abuse
  tobacco
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 249
TITLE
  Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the pathogenesis of addiction and dual 
diagnosis disorders
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chambers R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chambers R.A., robchamb@iupui.edu) Laboratory for Translational 
Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis and Development, Department of Psychiatry, 
Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN 
46202, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.A. Chambers, Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis 
and Development, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of 
Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States. Email: 
robchamb@iupui.edu
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2013) 130:1-3 (1-12). Date of Publication: 1 
Jun 2013
ISSN
  0376-8716
  1879-0046 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd, P.O. Box 85, Limerick, Ireland.
ABSTRACT
  Background: As knowledge deepens about how new neurons are born, 
differentiate, and wire into the adult mammalian brain, growing evidence 
depicts hippocampal neurogenesis as a special form of neuroplasticity that 
may be impaired across psychiatric disorders. This review provides an 
integrated-evidence based framework describing a neurogenic basis for 
addictions and addiction vulnerability in mental illness. Methods: Basic 
studies conducted over the last decade examining the effects of addictive 
drugs on adult neurogenesis and the impact of neurogenic activity on 
addictive behavior were compiled and integrated with relevant 
neurocomputational and human studies. Results: While suppression of 
hippocampal neurogenic proliferation appears to be a universal property of 
addictive drugs, the pathophysiology of addictions involves neuroadaptative 
processes within frontal-cortical-striatal motivation circuits that the 
neurogenic hippocampus regulates via direct projections. States of 
suppressed neurogenic activity may simultaneously underlie psychiatric and 
cognitive symptoms, but also confer or signify hippocampal dysfunction that 
heightens addiction vulnerability in mental illness as a basis for dual 
diagnosis disorders. Conclusions: Research on pharmacological, behavioral 
and experiential strategies that enhance adaptive regulation of hippocampal 
neurogenesis holds potential in advancing preventative and integrative 
treatment strategies for addictions and dual diagnosis disorders. © 2013 
Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence (diagnosis, etiology)
  dual diagnosis disorder (diagnosis, etiology)
  hippocampus
  mental disease (diagnosis, etiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptation
  brain cortex
  brain nerve cell
  cell proliferation
  cognitive defect (diagnosis, etiology)
  corpus striatum
  disease predisposition
  evidence based medicine
  frontal cortex
  hippocampal dysfunction (diagnosis, etiology)
  human
  nerve cell network
  neuroimaging
  nonhuman
  pathogenesis
  priority journal
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013285810
MEDLINE PMID
  23279925 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279925)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.005
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 250
TITLE
  Methadone toxicity: A case series and review of the literature with a focus 
on pharmacist liability and risk management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Richmond R.G.
  Brackins T.
  Lyn A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Richmond R.G.; Brackins T.; Lyn A.) Harding University, College of 
Pharmacy, United States.
(Brackins T.) Compass Psychiatric Unit, White County Medical Center, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.G. Richmond, Harding University, College of Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (312). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Original Research. Background: Following approval by the FDA in 1947, 
methadone was primarily used to treat opiate addiction. However, since the 
1990s methadone use has increased as a treatment for chronic pain. As 
methadone use has increased, so have methadone-related overdose deaths. The 
safe use of methadone for chronic pain requires familiarity with its unique 
pharmacokinetics and dosing recommendations. In spite of recent labeling 
changes, many methadone prescriptions are written and dispensed for 
inappropriate conditions and methadone is even a preferred drug on many 
formularies. We present here a series of deaths involving methadone in 
chronic pain patients, and discuss guidelines aimed at assisting pharmacists 
involved in managing methadone therapy.Methods: Methadone-related deaths 
were identified from a series of medical-legal cases and related forensic 
investigations over the period of 2002-11. Related to causation, decedent 
demographics, cause and manner of death, and toxicological data were 
retrieved. Related to pharmacist liability, issues related to drug regimen 
review as part of the prescription dispensing process were noted. Results: 
Seventeen cases were reviewed where individuals, who were predominantly male 
(77%) with a mean age of 37 years, died after taking methadone (20-320 
mg/day). In 14 cases it was determined the deceased died due to mixed-drug 
intoxication including methadone, with five of those cases involving 
recreational drugs; the other three cases involved methadone as the single 
agent. Concomitant drugs most often found included: other opioids (71%), 
benzodiazepines (65%), prescription psychiatric medications (35%; 
antidepressants, antipsychotics), recreational drugs (29%; alcohol, 
cannabis), and other CNS depressants. Toxicology data was available in 12 
cases with methadone blood levels averaging 0.56 mg/L (0.21 - 0.83 mg/L). 
Issues involving pharmacists' clinical judgment that were determined to have 
contributed to methadone intoxication include: incomplete patient history, 
illegitimate medical purpose, absence of opioid tolerance, drug 
interactions, incorrect dosage conversion/titration, and failure to provide 
patient counseling. Conclusions: The effects of methadone contributed to 
patient death in each case. While patient behaviors played a role, issues 
related to pharmacists' clinical judgment were also identified in each case. 
These findings underline the need for pharmacists to incorporate risk 
management practices into their workflow to improve methadone use.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  antidepressant agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
  cannabis
  central depressant agent
  opiate
  recreational drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case study
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  risk management
  toxicity
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood level
  central nervous system
  chronic pain
  death
  decision making
  drug interaction
  drug intoxication
  drug therapy
  food and drug administration
  intoxication
  male
  medical history
  opiate addiction
  patient
  patient counseling
  pharmacokinetics
  prescription
  publication
  toxicology
  workflow
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 251
TITLE
  Pharmacist-led clinician tobacco cessation education and the effects on 
adherance to joint commission standards
AUTHOR NAMES
  Willner M.A.
  Cohen V.
  Lum D.
  Cassera F.
  Caruso P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Willner M.A.; Cohen V.; Lum D.; Cassera F.; Caruso P.) Maimonides Medical 
Center, 4802 Tenth Ave, Brooklyn, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.A. Willner, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Ave, Brooklyn, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (301). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  52nd Annual Assembly of the New York State Council of Health-system 
Pharmacists, NYSCHP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Verona, NY, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-05-02 to 2013-05-05
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Tobacco addiction is a chronic disease that requires multiple interventions 
and attempts for patients to quit. According to the Public Health Service's 
Smoking Cessation Guidelines, tobacco use causes 435,000 deaths each year in 
the United States and is a preventable chronic disease. 1 A recent 
assessment by the Department of Health evaluating the current tobacco 
cessation practices at our institution, a 700-bed tertiary care teaching 
hospital, revealed a gap in care. To close this practice gap, we plan to 
implement a two-phase pharmacist-led tobacco cessation program. The purpose 
of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the pharmacist-led tobacco 
cessation program in improving compliance with the current Joint Commission 
Tobacco Use Standards. The first phase will involve the education of 
clinicians (i.e. medical residents and attending physicians, nurse 
practitioners, physician assistants, clinical pharmacists, and respiratory 
therapists) on the topics of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, Joint 
Commission tobacco performance measures, and methods of patient counseling 
to facilitate quitting attempts. The second phase of the implementation will 
involve a computerized intervention document and computerized physician 
order entry screens. The metrics collected regarding use of the intervention 
document and smoking cessation therapy prescription will be used to assess 
effectiveness in complying with the following Joint Commission standards: 
screening for tobacco use, recommendations to quit by a care provider, 
offering assistance with quitting using smoking cessation therapies, 
counseling on smoking cessation and pharmacotherapy, and arranging follow-up 
to assess smoking status 30-days after discharge. This project will address 
the first phase of the aforementioned tobacco cessation program. The primary 
study aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-led tobacco 
cessation education to train clinicians to effectively screen, counsel, and 
initiate evidence-based tobacco cessation therapy and meet the requirements 
of the Joint Commission Tobacco Measure Set. To achieve these outcomes, a 
clinical pharmacist will educate clinician groups and use a 
pre-test/post-test model to assess their baseline knowledge and knowledge 
after educational sessions. The projected number of clinicians to be 
educated is 140. The projected number of patients to be affected by this 
program through their care providers is 360. The mean pre-test score will be 
compared to the mean post-test score by independent sample t-test. A P-Value 
of <0.05 will denote statistical significant difference between the groups. 
Descriptive statistics will be used to assess the pre-test and post-test 
responses.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  health care
  human
  pharmacist
  tobacco
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chronic disease
  computerized provider order entry
  counseling
  death
  drug therapy
  evidence based practice
  follow up
  health
  model
  nurse practitioner
  patient
  patient counseling
  physician
  physician assistant
  prescription
  public health service
  respiratory therapist
  screening
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  statistical significance
  statistics
  Student t test
  teaching hospital
  tertiary health care
  therapy
  tobacco dependence
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013486091
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 252
TITLE
  Reversal of Korsakoff's syndrome following high dose intramuscular thiamine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brennan J.L.
  Fabian T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brennan J.L.; Fabian T.) Western Psychiatric Institute, Clinic of UPMC, 
United States.
(Fabian T.) University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.L. Brennan, Western Psychiatric Institute, Clinic of UPMC, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (306). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: TherapeuticCaseReport.Background:Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a late, 
neuropsychiatric manifestation of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) in which 
there is a striking disorder of selective anterograde and retrograde 
amnesia. Treatment of suspected WE includes immediate high dose (500 mg 
three times daily) intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration of 
thiamine to restore depleted levels.While norandomizedtrials support this 
high dose regimen, this approach is clinically justified when lower doses 
fail. OnceWEprogresses to KS, the prognosis is poor, with only about 20-25% 
of patients experiencing a full recovery if properly treated. Patient- 
History: The patient is a 50 year old Caucasian female with a past medical 
history significant for liver transplant in 2000 status post alcoholic 
cirrhosis, alcohol dependence, hypertension, gout, acute kidney injury and 
history of QTc prolongation. The patient's social history includes a long 
history of severe alcohol dependency, consuming 2-3 half gallons of liquor 
or 2-3 cases of beer weekly. Patient's recently estranged husband reports 
12-15 hospitalizations for alcohol detoxificationsince her liver 
transplant.During a recent hospitalization at an outside facility, patient 
was treated with low dose benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal. Patient 
was lucid on admission; however, with no thiamine supplementation, patient 
developed worsening confusion, agitation, aggression and confabulation. She 
was discharged after nineteen days with a diagnosis of cognitive disorder, 
not otherwise specified and referred to a nursing home for long term care. 
The family admitted the patient to our institution for further evaluation 
and treatment. A diagnosis of KS was suspected, benzodiazepines were 
discontinued and thiamine 500 mg IM was initiated. Thiamine was continued at 
this high dose while inpatient for fourteen days, and the patient recovered 
fully. Review of Literature: A PubMed search revealed a published case 
report of reversal of KS after delay of treatment by four months. No other 
similar case reports were found. Conclusion: Even though initiation of high 
dose thiamine IM did not occur until approximately three weeks after WE 
onset, the two week course of treatment produced a full reversal of KS that 
had developed as a result of delayed thiamine therapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  thiamine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  benzodiazepine derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug megadose
  human
  Korsakoff psychosis
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute kidney failure
  aggression
  agitation
  alcohol liver cirrhosis
  alcohol withdrawal
  alcoholism
  beer
  case report
  Caucasian
  cognitive defect
  confabulation
  diagnosis
  diseases
  drug dose regimen
  female
  gout
  hospital patient
  hospitalization
  hypertension
  intramuscular drug administration
  liver
  liver graft
  long term care
  low drug dose
  medical history
  Medline
  nursing home
  patient
  prognosis
  retrograde amnesia
  supplementation
  therapy
  Wernicke encephalopathy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 253
TITLE
  Comparison of symptom-triggered vs. Fixed-Schedule dosing of benzodiazepine 
to treat ethanol withdrawal symptoms in an inpatient psychiatric setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Smigiel J.
  Ouyang S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Smigiel J.; Ouyang S.) Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Smigiel, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (322). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: Numerous literature sources have 
established the effectiveness of symptom-triggered benzodiazepine therapy 
for alcohol withdrawal symptoms (AWS) commonly under CIWA-Ar protocol. A 
large number of earlier studies have demonstrated clinical advantages of 
reduced total benzodiazepine dose and reduced length of stay with symptom 
triggered (ST) over fixed schedule (FS) dosing, but there have been some 
recent studies that show a reduced advantage and sometimes, no difference at 
all between ST and FS dosing. Furthermore, the vast majority of these 
studies have excluded patients receiving psychiatric treatment. Substance 
abuse is highly prevalent in the mental health population. This study will 
compare and measure the relative success of ST versus FS dosing of 
benzodiazepines for the treatment of AWS in psychiatric patients. Methods: 
This study will be a retrospective cohort study measuring total dose of 
benzodiazepine consumed and time to discontinuation of CIWA protocol while 
each patient is on the inpatient psychiatric unit. We will also examine 
differences in the rate of escalation of care between the two groups. Data 
will be collected from January 2010 to March 2011. The inclusion criteria 
will be anyone over age of 18, anyone who has had their last drink within 72 
hours, and anyone admitted to the psychiatric unit for alcohol withdrawal. 
Exclusion criteria will be anyone with active seizures, active psychosis, 
and long term benzodiazepine use (continuous use of benzodiazepines greater 
than 2 weeks). After separation into FS versus ST groups, patient's total 
dose of benzodiazepines consumed during time of admission until time of CIWA 
protocol discontinuation will be documented for comparison. Similarly, time 
to CIWA protocol discontinuation will also be documented for comparison. 
Outcomes: The independent variables measured will be total dose of 
benzodiazepines used and time to discontinuation of CIWA protocol. The 
dependent variables measured will include average CIWA score. The data will 
be analyzed by a student's t-test. Demographic data will be compared using 
chi-squared or Fisher's exact.1.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  hospital patient
  human
  pharmacist
  withdrawal syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol withdrawal
  cohort analysis
  dependent variable
  independent variable
  length of stay
  mental health
  mental patient
  patient
  population
  psychiatric department
  psychiatric treatment
  psychosis
  seizure
  Student t test
  substance abuse
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 254
TITLE
  Development of a collaborative drug therapy management protocol for 
extended-release intramuscular naltrexone
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hebbard A.M.
  Colvard M.J.
  Book S.W.
  VandenBerg A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hebbard A.M.; Colvard M.J.; VandenBerg A.M.) Department of Pharmacy 
Services, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.
(Book S.W.) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical 
University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.M. Hebbard, Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South 
Carolina, Charleston, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (339-340). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Innovative Practices. Background/Rationale: The Center for Drug and 
Alcohol Programs (CDAP) at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) 
focuses on research and clinical services for substance use disorders. Given 
the patient population, demand for depot naltrexone has increased, but the 
CDAP clinics are neither staffed nor structured for medication 
administration or storage. A previously established pharmacist-run clinic 
exists at MUSC for the purpose of administering long-acting injectable 
antipsychotics and monitoring the patients who receive them. With the 
increasing patient and physician demand, a protocol was developed to allow 
patients to receive extended-release intramuscular naltrexone in the PharmD 
clinic. Description of the Innovative Service: The collaborative drug 
therapy management (CDTM) protocol developed for extended-release 
intramuscular naltrexone clearly defines the roles/responsibilities of the 
referring physicians and collaborating pharmacists. The CDTM protocol 
specifically outlines the process for pharmacist training, credentialing, 
and ensuring continued competency; physician referral; patient 
responsibilities; and pharmacist responsibilities for obtaining informed 
consent, medication procurement, medication administration, physical 
assessment, laboratory monitoring, side effect monitoring, and counseling. 
The protocol applies only to adult outpatients referred by MUSC 
psychiatrists. Impact on Patient Care/Institution: The creation of the CDTM 
protocol for extended-release intramuscular naltrexone provides a service to 
patients at MUSC that was previously unavailable. The purpose of the service 
is to provide continuity of care to patients who require extended-release 
intramuscular naltrexone, enhance patient care through education, 
monitoring, and close follow-up, and to reduce adverse events associated 
with extended-release intramuscular naltrexone. Conclusion: The 
extended-release intramuscular naltrexone CDTM protocol has been approved by 
the Department of Pharmacy Services and CDAP physician representative at 
MUSC, the pharmacists have been credentialed, and the clinic is in the 
process of preparing for its first patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  naltrexone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accreditation
  adult
  counseling
  drug therapy
  education
  follow up
  hospital
  hospital department
  informed consent
  laboratory
  monitoring
  outpatient
  patient
  patient care
  physician
  population
  psychiatrist
  responsibility
  side effect
  storage
  substance abuse
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 255
TITLE
  Comparison of continuation electroconvulsive therapy, antidepressant alone, 
and combination therapy for treatment of depression in the veteran 
population
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gray E.N.
  Hieber R.N.
  Zacher J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gray E.N.; Hieber R.N.; Zacher J.L.) Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health 
Care Center, United States.
(Hieber R.N.) Midwestern University, Chicago College of Pharmacy, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.N. Gray, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (322). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves 
the induction of a convulsion by the application of electrical current to 
the brain for therapeutic purposes. The practice of ECT is established as an 
effective and safe treatment for acute episodes of severe major depressive 
disorder (MDD) and other mental disorders. Studies of ECT for patients with 
MDD have demonstrated response rates of 70% to 90% when used first line, and 
40% to 60% when used to manage treatment-resistant depression. The American 
Psychiatric Association (APA) states that continuation ECT (C-ECT) occurs 
within 6 months of acute treatment to prevent relapse, whereas maintenance 
ECT continues beyond the six-month point to prevent recurrence. For the 
purposes of this research, only patients on C-ECT were evaluated. 
Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to compare the outcomes 
of the three treatment modalities: patients on C-ECT monotherapy; patients 
on C-ECT with pharmacotherapy; and patients on pharmacotherapy monotherapy. 
Comparing patient's number of psychiatric hospital admissions, suicide 
attempts, and suicides will assess outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart 
review from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2011 will be used to identify 
patients who received C-ECT in conjunction to antidepressant treatment, 
patients who only received antidepressant therapy, and patients who received 
C-ECT monotherapy alone. All Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care 
Center (FHCC) veteran patients aged 18 years or older receiving CECT with or 
without antidepressants or patients on antidepressants, with a diagnosis of 
depression will be eligible for inclusion. Excluded patients will be those 
who have a history of substance abuse, patients with psychosis, patients 
with psychotic depression, meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for another axis I or 
axis II disorder (except nicotine dependence); neurological pathology on 
axis III; and having already participated in a C-ECT program. Eligible 
patients will be enrolled consecutively to a target sample size of up to 62 
patients in each arm. Results will be used to identify differences in 
outcomes, overall efficacy between treatments, and the possible need for 
practice changes. Results: Pending.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antidepressant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  electroconvulsive therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  population
  therapy
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  arm
  brain
  convulsion
  depressive psychosis
  diagnosis
  diseases
  drug therapy
  electric current
  health care
  hospital admission
  major depression
  medical record review
  mental disease
  mental hospital
  monotherapy
  pathology
  patient
  psychosis
  relapse
  sample size
  substance abuse
  suicide
  suicide attempt
  tobacco dependence
  treatment resistant depression
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 256
TITLE
  Clinical psychiatric pharmacist involvement in an outpatient buprenorphine 
program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Grgas M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Grgas M.) Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, Vermont, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Grgas, Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, Vermont, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (339). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Innovative Practices. Background: Approximately 19 million individuals 
in the United States are diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD), 
including many veterans enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration 
(VHA). The prevalence of SUD within the veteran population has been steadily 
increasing, resulting in increased utilization of substance abuse services, 
such as buprenorphine programs for opioid dependence. As this population 
grows, there is an increased need for multidisciplinary services. Clinical 
psychiatric pharmacists do not have prescriptive authority for 
buprenorphine, but can play a vital role in outpatient buprenorphine 
programs. Description of Innovative Service: The clinical psychiatric 
pharmacist is involved in many aspects of the outpatient buprenorphine 
program. There are over 100 patients enrolled in the buprenorphine program 
at the White River Junction VAMC. The clinical pharmacist devotes 
approximately 10 hours per week to the program, which includes dispensing 
the medication, monitoring lab values and patient counseling. A spreadsheet 
is maintained and updated weekly to monitor doses, refill dates and urine 
toxicology results. Some patients, who struggle with buprenorphine overuse, 
are provided a locked medication dispenser, which is refilled and locked by 
the clinical pharmacist. The clinical pharmacist is also involved in the 
dispensing process in the outpatient pharmacy; this allows for open 
communication between the clinical pharmacist and patient. Impact on Patient 
Care: The clinical psychiatric pharmacist has been involved in the 
outpatient buprenorphine program at the White River Junction VAMC for 
approximately eighteen months. Prior to this, the program included less than 
100 patients, pharmacy wait times were over sixty minutes, early refills 
were frequent and no patients utilized a locked medication dispenser. Since 
clinical pharmacy involvement, the pharmacy wait time is approximately 30 
minutes or less, early refills are infrequent and five patients receive 
their buprenorphine in a locked medication dispenser. The clinical 
pharmacist has helped open the lines of communication between the patient, 
the pharmacy and the prescriber. Conclusion: Substance use disorder 
programs, such as buprenorphine programs, can benefit from clinical pharmacy 
involvement. Even with limited prescriptive authority, clinical psychiatric 
pharmacists can play an important and active role in outpatient 
buprenorphine programs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  outpatient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical pharmacy
  drug monitoring
  drug therapy
  health care management
  interpersonal communication
  patient
  patient care
  patient counseling
  pharmacy
  population
  prescriptive authority
  prevalence
  river
  substance abuse
  toxicology
  United States
  urine
  veteran
  veterans health
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 257
TITLE
  Use of buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid dependency at a veterans affairs 
drug treatment program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Berger R.
  Lacro J.
  Robinson S.
  Groban S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Berger R.; Lacro J.; Robinson S.; Groban S.) San Diego Veterans Affairs 
Healthcare System, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Berger, San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (338). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: Substance abuse is a key concern among 
military personnel and veterans. Buprenorphine/ naloxone is an effective 
opioid replacement treatment option for opioid dependence when used as part 
of a comprehensive treatment program. Providers who prescribe 
buprenorphine/naloxone must receive specific training and obtain a DEA 
number allowing them to write for this medication. The San Diego Veterans 
Affairs (SDVA) healthcare system started using buprenorphine/naloxone in 
January 2010. The facility also offers comprehensive psychosocial 
rehabilitation treatment through its Alcohol and Drug Treatment Program 
(ADTP) at the same physical location where patients receive their opiate 
medication management. This study will determine how successful the use of 
buprenorphine/naloxone for opiate replacement has been as part of a 
comprehensive rehabilitation program at this facility. Objectives: 1. 
Compare retention rate and percentage of opiate-negative urine samples of 
buprenorphine/naloxone treatment at this facility to rates described in the 
literature. 2. Describe different treatment settings in which patients 
receive buprenorphine/naloxone at the SDVA. Methods: This will be a 
retrospective chart review. Patients included will be >18 years of age with 
a prescription for buprenorphine/ naloxone from 1/1/2010-12/31/2012 for 
opioid replacement therapy and will be followed in buprenorphine/naloxone 
clinic (either individual or group) for at least 3 months. Exclusion 
criteria will be patients prescribed buprenorphine/ naloxone for any purpose 
other than opioid replacement therapy such as acute opioid withdrawal or 
pain, patients in buprenorphine/naloxone group <3 months (enrolled after 
9/30/12) and patients whose opioid replacement therapy was co-managed by a 
provider outside of the San Diego VA program. Outcomes: Retention in 
treatment is defined as the percentage of patients who continue to receive 
buprenorphine/naloxone. Opiate negative urine samples will be determined as 
a percentage of all urine samples. Urine samples positive for opiates, 
oxycodone or methadone will count as positive. Missing urine samples will 
count as positive. Urine samples from date of enrollment into 
buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and up to one year after will be included. 
Both percentage retention in treatment and percentage of negative urine 
samples will be compared to a weighted mean of percentages described in the 
literature using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results and Conclusion: Results 
will be presented.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  methadone
  naloxone
  oxycodone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chi square test
  health care system
  hospital
  medical record review
  medication therapy management
  opiate substitution treatment
  pain
  patient
  prescription
  psychosocial rehabilitation
  rehabilitation
  soldier
  substance abuse
  urinalysis
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 258
TITLE
  Awareness, knowledge, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems in a 
veteran population
AUTHOR NAMES
  Price C.
  Ryan M.
  Benjamin B.
  Eatmon C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Price C.; Ryan M.; Benjamin B.; Eatmon C.) Lexington Veterans Affairs 
Medical Center, United States.
(Ryan M.) University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Price, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (321). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. None. Background: Electronic nicotine delivery 
systems (e-cigarettes) are devices that use a rechargeable battery to 
vaporize a nicotine-containing solution of glycerin or propylene glycol. 
They are designed to look like cigarettes and marketed as a smoking 
alternative. Once only sold on the internet, they are now available in 
grocery stores, convenience stores, some pharmacies, and other retail 
outlets. Their safety and efficacy has not been established by FDA review, 
but an unknown number of veterans are using them. Objectives: To assess the 
awareness, knowledge, and use of e-cigarettes among veterans and to identify 
trends in e-cigarette use, what benefit or harm was experienced from use, 
any health or demographic variables that may be predictive of e-cigarette 
use, and clinics in which targeted education may be useful. Methods: A 
four-part survey was created to assess awareness, knowledge, and use of 
e-cigarettes among veterans at the Lexington VA Medical Center. Willingness 
to complete the survey and presentation to one of the outpatient clinics are 
the only inclusion criteria. Veterans who are unwilling or unable to 
participate will be excluded. Veterans will self-administer the survey, with 
an investigator available for questions. Informed consent and HIPAA 
acknowledgement will be obtained from all participants. Data will be pooled 
and groups will be compared to determine if there is any difference in 
awareness, knowledge, or use of electronic cigarettes. Group comparisons 
will examine differences between smokers and non-smokers, different clinic 
populations, participants with and without a history of substance abuse, and 
those with and without a history of mental illness. Using a 2-tailed alpha 
of 0.05, 260 survey responses will be required to detect a 5% difference 
between groups. Results and Conclusions: Descriptive statistics will be 
reported for all survey items and used to compare awareness and use of 
e-cigarettes to national surveys already in the literature. T-tests will be 
used for group comparisons and multivariate regression analysis will be used 
to determine if demographic variables are predictive of e-cigarette use. 
Full results and conclusions will be presented at the 2013 CPNP Annual 
Meeting.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  electronic cigarette
  glycerol
  propylene glycol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  population
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  devices
  education
  food and drug administration
  health
  hospital
  informed consent
  Internet
  mental disease
  outpatient department
  pharmacy
  regression analysis
  safety
  smoking
  statistics
  Student t test
  substance abuse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 259
TITLE
  Risk factors associated with time-to-readmission in veterans with 
schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder at the vawny healthcare system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Utter B.
  Hyatt J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Utter B.; Hyatt J.) SUNY at Buffalo, Veterans Affairs Western New York 
Healtcare System, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Utter, SUNY at Buffalo, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healtcare 
System, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (335). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: It is estimated that 40- 50% of 
psychiatric patients discharged from an inpatient psychiatric facility will 
be readmitted within one year. Efforts to contain cost and make healthcare 
more efficient such as decreasing duration of hospital stays, has 
paradoxically increased the rate of hospital readmission. Many risk factors 
have been significantly correlated with psychiatric rehospitalization 
including: sex, marital status, age, involuntary first admission, 
psychiatric diagnosis, global functioning, the degree and type of symptoms, 
comorbid psychiatric disorders, history of past psychiatric hospitalization, 
number of previous admissions, and discharge diagnosis. The more that is 
understood regarding risk factors influencing time-to-readmission, the more 
opportunities are available to reduce psychiatric readmissions by mitigating 
these risk factors. Objective: To identify risk factors that influence 
time-toreadmission in Veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective 
disorder admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit at the VA WNY Healthcare 
System. Methods: This study is an IRB-approved retrospective chart review of 
Veterans admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit from January 1, 2010 to 
June 30, 2012 to identify risk factors for readmission (dependent variable). 
Patients will be included if they have a diagnosis of schizophrenia or 
schizoaffective disorder and presence of two or more psychiatric admissions 
within this date range. A Computerized Patient Record System chart review 
will be conducted for each patient to identify independent variables 
including age, sex, number of previous admissions, time since previous 
admission in months, psychotropic medications at the time of discharge, 
number of medications at the time of discharge, antipsychotic dose(s) 
optimized prior to admission, number of days prior to admission since 
antipsychotic medication fill, alcohol abuse, other substance abuse, 
assignment to a psychiatrist, compliance with appointments since previous 
admission, homelessness, and number of days in the hospital on previous 
admission. Outcomes: We will report relative statistical relationships 
between the independent and dependent variables. CART (Classification and 
Regression Tree) analysis will be used to describe these relationships with 
significance accepted at p <0.05.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  health care system
  hospital readmission
  human
  pharmacist
  risk factor
  schizoaffective psychosis
  schizophrenia
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol abuse
  classification
  dependent variable
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  health care
  homelessness
  hospital
  hospital patient
  hospitalization
  independent variable
  marriage
  medical record review
  mental disease
  mental patient
  patient
  psychiatric department
  psychiatric diagnosis
  psychiatrist
  substance abuse
  tree
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 260
TITLE
  Treatment compliance in OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD treated at the PTSD 
medication management clinic at the vawny healthcare system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Miller R.L.
  Hyatt J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Miller R.L.; Hyatt J.) SUNY at Buffalo, Veterans Affairs Western New York 
Healtcare System, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.L. Miller, SUNY at Buffalo, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healtcare 
System, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (337-338). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: Half of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) 
and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) Veterans with mental health problems 
receive a diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Symptoms 
include reexperiencing the event, avoidance of stimuli, and hyperarousal. 
Many Veterans fail to adhere to medication treatment and the reasons are 
unclear. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine risk 
factors for treatment non-compliance in OEF/OIF Veterans with Post-Traumatic 
Stress Disorder (PTSD) being treated at the PTSD Medication Management 
Clinic at Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System in 
Buffalo, NY. Methods: This IRB approved study is a retrospective cohort 
chart review of Veterans with PTSD treated in the PTSD Medication Management 
Clinic for at least two months between January 2010 and June 2012. A chart 
review is being done to identify patients compliant with therapy, the 
dependent variable, defined as keeping at least 75% of appointments. The 
noncompliant group consists of patients treated in the clinic for at least 2 
months who kept less than 75% of their appointments. The chart review will 
identify independent variables including the number of medications 
prescribed in the first 30 days of treatment as well as the type of 
medications prescribed. Other patient factors being identified include: age, 
sex, number of scheduled appointments in the first 2 months of treatment, 
alcohol use, substance abuse, presence of traumatic brain injury, 
homelessness, marital status, employment, enrollment in school, and 
professional counseling. CART (Classification and Regression Tree) analysis 
will be used to look for relationships between the dependent and independent 
variables with significance accepted at p<0.05. Outcomes: The cohorts have 
been identified and data collection is underway with results pending.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  health care system
  hospital
  human
  medication therapy management
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol consumption
  buffalo
  classification
  dependent variable
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  employment
  government
  homelessness
  independent variable
  information processing
  marriage
  medical record review
  mental health
  patient
  risk factor
  school
  stimulus
  substance abuse
  therapy
  traumatic brain injury
  tree
  United States
  vocational guidance
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 261
TITLE
  Cost effectiveness of providing a 30 day supply of medications on 30 day 
readmission rates and costs in an uninsured mental health population
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bhokasub D.
  Lizer M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bhokasub D.; Lizer M.) Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah 
University, Winchester Medical Center (WMC), Winchester, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Bhokasub, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, 
Winchester Medical Center (WMC), Winchester, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (323). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Presented at the CPNP Annual Meeting in Colorado 
Springs, CO on Monday, April 22, 2013. Background: At WMC, uninsured 
indigent patients make up 30% of admissions in the behavioral health unit 
(BHU). Currently, these patients are not provided medications upon 
discharge. In addition, many of these patients cannot afford the medications 
they are stabilized on at discharge. As a result they decompensate and are 
readmitted. A retrospective review of 30-day readmission rates from BHU in 
2011-2012 was completed and provided financial information needed for WMC 
administration to fund this pilot study. It showed that∗4 patients /month 
were being readmitted due to an inability to afford medications. Objective: 
1. Compare readmission rates of the uninsured indigent patients provided 
with 30 day supply of medications to historical readmission data. 2. 
Determine study patient's ability and/or barriers to obtaining follow up 
care post 30 days. Methods: This is a prospective pilot conducted on a 26 
bed adult inpatient unit (WMC) for a 3 month trial period. A 30 day supply 
of medications shall be filled at competitive pricing from an outpatient 
pharmacy and given to the patient upon discharge. Patients will be included 
who are uninsured and cannot afford medications due to financial difficulty. 
They must demonstrate motivation and mental clarity to remain compliant to 
their treatment regimen. Excluded are patients who have an active substance 
abuse disease. Included patients will be decided by the treatment team based 
on the above criteria. Each patient who receives medication will be 
documented and monitored for the following 3 months. All patients, unless 
readmitted, will receive a follow up phone call 1 week post 30 days. We will 
assess and document reasons for readmission or non-readmission, medication 
adherence, ability and/or barriers to obtaining follow up care. Outcomes: To 
be determined.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  cost effectiveness analysis
  drug therapy
  hospital readmission
  human
  medically uninsured
  mental health
  pharmacist
  population
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  follow up
  health center
  hospital patient
  indigent
  medication compliance
  motivation
  outpatient
  patient
  pharmacy
  pilot study
  substance abuse
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 262
TITLE
  Pharmacist-physician collaborative care model for suboxone-maintained 
patients at a health department
AUTHOR NAMES
  Di Paula B.A.
  Menachery E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Di Paula B.A.) University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, 
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, United States.
(Menachery E.) Howard County Health Department, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.A. Di Paula, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, 
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (305). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Innovative Practices. Background/Rationale: Despite Suboxone's 
efficacy for opioid dependence, there continues to be an overwhelming 
shortage of community treatment programs. In some cases, providers may 
choose not to treat this population and/ or may not have the resources, 
expertise, and structure necessary to meet the patients' ongoing needs. The 
monitoring demands, unique medication properties, and risk for diversion 
allow for a novel role for pharmacists. Description of the Innovative 
Practice: A physician-pharmacist Suboxone maintenance clinic was piloted at 
a local health department (HD). The HD traditionally referred Suboxone 
patients to community physicians at considerable cost with varying outcomes. 
A psychiatric pharmacist and primary care physician partnered to create an 
internal clinic, which included the development of a treatment contact, 
policies, and protocols. The goals were to optimize care, reduce cost, and 
limit diversion. The pharmacist's unique training allowed the physician to 
manage the patient load during just a few hours per week. All intake 
assessments and follow up appointments were conducted by the pharmacist. 
After each appointment, the pharmacist would debrief the physician, allowing 
for efficient completion of the assessment. The pharmacist documented each 
interaction. The physician appended notes, when applicable, and cosigned. 
The pharmacist and physician electronically accessed substance abuse 
counselors' treatment records. Counselors and providers met directly to 
review treatment plans and outcomes. The pharmacist worked to limit 
diversion by routinely gathering data from outside providers, pharmacies, 
and laboratories. Impact of Practice on Patient Care/Institution: The HD's 
Suboxone clinic has improved patient care by producing consistency and 
structure. Gaps have been identified, such as inconsistent urine toxicology 
collection and provider misperception about patient adherence. During the 
first 6 months, 6 initial assessments and 50 follow up appointments have 
been completed, equating to a potential savings of $6600. The clinic has a 
98% appointment attendance rate and 100% retention rate. Eighty-three 
percent of patients have successfully progressed to monthly monitoring. Two 
patients are in the process of dose tapers. Conclusion: Physicians and 
pharmacists can optimize the care of Suboxone-maintained patients through 
collaboration. The HD is utilizing data from this pilot to develop a 
permanent program, including a state-approved collaborative practice 
protocol.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine plus naloxone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  model
  patient
  pharmacist
  physician
  public health service
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  drug therapy
  follow up
  general practitioner
  group therapy
  hospital
  laboratory
  monitoring
  patient care
  patient compliance
  pharmacy
  policy
  population
  risk
  substance abuse
  toxicology
  urine
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 263
TITLE
  Medication Therapy Services (MTS) and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gable K.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gable K.N.) Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, 
Edwardsville, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.N. Gable, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, 
Edwardsville, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (341). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Innovative Practices. Background: Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) 
is an evidence-based practice consisting of a multidisciplinary treatment 
team providing comprehensive psychiatric and rehabilitative services to 
individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses. Treatment team 
members include a psychiatrist, nurses, vocational specialists, substance 
abuse specialists, and peer specialists. Many ACT teams receive funding from 
the state Department of Mental Health (DMH). In August of 2012, Missouri 
granted pharmacists the authority to perform Medication Therapy Services 
(MTS). An MTS-certified pharmacist may initiate, modify and discontinue 
medications under a medication therapy protocol with a collaborating 
physician. The state of Missouri also recognizes psychiatric pharmacists as 
Qualified Mental Health Providers (QMHPs), and client encounters can be 
billed as medication or consultation services. Description of Innovative 
Service: An MTS-certified clinical pharmacist is functioning as a prescriber 
on a DMH-funded ACT team. The collaborating physician completes initial 
client intakes and yearly psychiatric evaluations and reviews and co-signs 
the electronic progress notes of the pharmacist. The pharmacist participates 
in daily one-hour treatment team meetings and completes an average of four 
to eight medication assessments per day. Most assessments occur at the 
client's place of residence. Home visits are typically 30 to 60 minutes in 
length and consist of a comprehensive review of psychiatric symptoms, 
medications, and treatment plan goals. Medication adjustments are completed 
when appropriate. Specific procedure codes allow for services to be billed 
at a rate of $34.86 per 15 minutes. Impact on Patient Care: The concept of a 
pharmacist as a prescriber on an ACT team is new and not common practice. 
The clinical value of a pharmacist within ACT was demonstrated in a six 
month retrospective review of pharmacist interventions published in 2010. A 
total of 80 recommendations were made involving medication adjustments, labs 
and adverse events. Having a pharmacist on an ACT team has the potential to 
significantly decrease medicationrelated complications and improve treatment 
adherence. Conclusion: ACT is a valuable and essential psychiatric treatment 
for persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses. This innovative 
service allows not only for the incorporation of the clinical pharmacist 
into evidence-based practice, but also provides financial compensation for 
services provided.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug therapy
  group therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  compensation
  consultation
  evidence based practice
  funding
  medical specialist
  mental disease
  mental health
  nurse
  patient care
  patient compliance
  physician
  procedures
  professional practice
  psychiatric treatment
  psychiatrist
  substance abuse
  United States
  vocation
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 264
TITLE
  Acute intermittent porphyria: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ware K.S.
  Nowlin D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ware K.S.) Old Vineyard Behavioral Health Services, United States.
(Nowlin D.) Wingate University, School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.S. Ware, Old Vineyard Behavioral Health Services, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (342-343). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Therapeutic Case Report. Background: The porphyrias are a group of 
genetic disorders of heme biosynthesis that result from the deficient 
activity of a certain enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway. Acute intermittent 
porphyria (AIP) is defined by a prophobilinogen deaminase deficiency and can 
manifest as neuropsychiatric symptoms during an exacerbation. Patient 
History: The patient is a 55 year old Caucasian male with a past medical 
history significant for AIP, chronic back pain, renal insufficiency, 
hypertension, and nicotine dependence. The patient has presented to the 
hospital with multiple AIP exacerbations since diagnosis eleven year prior 
to the current case; however, he has never displayed neuropsyciatric 
manifestations. His symptoms on admission included severe gastrointestinal 
pain and non-bloody emesis. Similar to previous treatment courses, the 
patient was initiated on panhematin therapy and symptomatic management 
including antiemetics and opiate pain control. Two days into his hospital 
admission, he began to display delirium symptoms, including decreased 
cognition, disorientation, and aggressive behavior. The patient was 
successfully managed with perphenazine and as needed olanzapine during his 
inpatient course. Within 48 hours, his cognition normalized and 
antipsychotics were discontinued prior to hospital discharge. Review of 
Literature: Psychiatric manifestations of AIP are well documented in 
literature and the incidence is estimated to be 40-58 percent. Several 
references that group medications into varying classes of tolerability in 
patients with AIP are available. These sources were utilized in the 
management of the patient. Conclusion: In this case of AIP with psychiatric 
manifestations, the patient was successfully treated with first generation 
antipsychotics. The medications were well-tolerated and did not appear to 
exacerbate physical symptoms of AIP.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiemetic agent
  deaminase
  enzyme
  hematin
  heme
  olanzapine
  opiate
  perphenazine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acute intermittent porphyria
  case report
  college
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aggression
  backache
  biosynthesis
  Caucasian
  cognition
  delirium
  diagnosis
  disorientation
  drug therapy
  gastrointestinal pain
  genetic disorder
  hospital
  hospital admission
  hospital discharge
  hospital patient
  hypertension
  kidney failure
  male
  medical history
  pain
  patient
  porphyria
  therapy
  tobacco dependence
  vomiting
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 265
TITLE
  Dronabinol for emotion-induced reflex epilepsy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Phelps N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Phelps N.) Affiliated with Duke University Hospital, Durham, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Phelps, Affiliated with Duke University Hospital, Durham, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (343-344). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Therapeutic Case Report. Background: Reflex epilepsy is a syndrome in 
which seizures occur in response to specific sensory stimuli such as visual 
or auditory triggers, or cognitive tasks performed by the patient. Common 
seizure-producing stimuli include flashing lights, music, or tasks such as 
writing or calculation. Patient History: The patient is a 28 year old male 
with new onset of medically intractable seizures. He experiences two types 
of seizures: one type which consists of right facial twitching and another 
which presents as violent and aggressive outbursts lasting 5-30 minutes. His 
past medical history is significant for history of PTSD and heavy marijuana 
abuse. In spite of high doses of multiple antiepileptic medications, the 
patient continued to have daily seizures requiring constant physical 
restraint due to the violent nature of his episodes. Eventually he 
discovered his seizures could be reliably triggered by strong emotions. 
Though calm at baseline, emotional responses to seeing a police officer or 
hearing certain music could consistently precipitate a sudden violent 
episode. In an attempt to mitigate some of the aggressive episodes related 
to emotional triggers, the patient was prescribed dronabinol and titrated to 
a total of 25 mg daily. This regimen decreased the aggressive type seizures 
to the point that the patient could be discharged. Review of Literature: 
While marijuana has shown some anticonvulsant effects, results are mixed and 
it is not well studied in humans. The main cannabinoids in marijuana are 
delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, and cannabinol. Dronabinol 
is a synthetic formulation of THC. Some animal studies suggest that 
cannabidiol may more effective than THC for seizures, though further studies 
in humans are needed. Discussion: Though not typically considered an 
anticonvulsant, dronabinol reduced the frequency of aggressive seizure 
episodes in this patient. It is not clear if dronabinol was acting as an 
anticonvulsant or simply blunting the patient's emotional triggers which 
caused his seizures. Another possibility is that his heavy marijuana use at 
baseline disrupted his endogenous cannabinoid system enough to initiate his 
seizure disorder. Emotion-induced reflex epilepsy is rare, but dronabinol 
may be a reasonable treatment option in this challenging patient population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dronabinol
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anticonvulsive agent
  cannabidiol
  cannabinoid
  cannabinol
  cannabis
  endocannabinoid
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  emotion
  human
  pharmacist
  reflex epilepsy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  cannabis addiction
  case report
  cognition
  diseases
  drug megadose
  drug therapy
  exercise
  hearing
  intractable epilepsy
  male
  medical history
  music
  patient
  police
  population
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  seizure
  sensory stimulation
  stimulus
  tic
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 266
TITLE
  The impact of pharmacist led medication counseling and shared decision 
making in the behavioral health inpatient setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dugan R.
  Haight R.
  Hoeft D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dugan R.; Haight R.; Hoeft D.) University of Minnesota, Medical Center, 
Fairview, Department of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Dugan, University of Minnesota, Medical Center, Fairview, Department of 
Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (337). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: One-on-one pharmacist led medication 
counseling may be the ideal modality to provide inpatient medication 
education. Patients admitted to inpatient behavioral health units are often 
prescribed psychiatric medications, undergo multiple medication changes, and 
may experience side effects. Patients may have questions or concerns about 
medications early in their hospitalization and could greatly benefit from 
pharmacist counseling and intervention. Unfortunately, patient 
dissatisfaction with medication information is prevalent in the behavioral 
health patient population. It can affect attitudes about medications and 
compliance, two important predictors of mental health stabilization. Large 
group-based education is helpful at disseminating information in a time 
efficient manner. However, concerns regarding patient privacy, possible 
disruptions, and differing education needs among patients may limit its 
usefulness. Objectives: 1. Determine the impact of pharmacist led medication 
counseling (including identification of drug therapy problems and patient 
medication attitudes), 2. Determine the feasibility of pharmacist led 
medication counseling, 3. Increase patient participation in the medication 
decision-making process. Methods: This single-center, prospective, 
intervention study includes participants from four of the eleven inpatient 
behavioral health units at the University of Minnesota Medical Center, 
Fairview. Adult patients, with at least one psychiatric medication, will 
meet with a pharmacist upon request from the treatment team. The pharmacist 
will evaluate the patient's medication regimen and consult with the 
provider. The pharmacist will educate the patient on each medication, 
recommend strategies for medication compliance, and address the patient's 
questions and/or concerns. The pharmacist will also discuss potential 
therapeutic medication options, determine the patient's personal therapeutic 
goals and medication preferences, and assess the patient's compliance and 
understanding of his/her medications. The pharmacist will make 
recommendations incorporating the patient's therapeutic preferences. Patient 
and physician surveys will be used to assess medication attitudes and 
satisfaction. Outcomes: Outcomes remain under investigation, as data 
collection and analysis are currently ongoing. We will report the number and 
type of drug therapy problems identified, recommendations made and accepted, 
and whether or not the accepted recommendations were able to incorporate the 
patient's preferences. Data from the patient and provider surveys and 
pharmacist time and number of patients counseled will be reported.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  counseling
  decision making
  drug therapy
  health
  hospital patient
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  education
  health center
  hospitalization
  information processing
  intervention study
  medication compliance
  mental health
  patient
  patient compliance
  patient participation
  patient preference
  physician
  population
  privacy
  satisfaction
  side effect
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 267
TITLE
  1. Irb approval is pending minor modifications in verbiage. Comparison of 
two symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocols: Severity assessment 
scale (SAS) and the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for 
alcohol (CIWA-AR)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Reiss R.
  Campbell A.
  Camden R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Reiss R.; Campbell A.; Camden R.) University of Missouri Health Care, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Reiss, University of Missouri Health Care, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (322-323). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: In alcohol dependent patients, sudden 
cessation may result in a wide array of symptoms ranging from agitation and 
discomfort to seizures, delirium tremens, and even death. For this reason, 
patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal are often admitted to the hospital 
for medical management. University of Missouri Health Care (UMHC) recently 
reassessed its withdrawal treatment protocols and, on 4 June 2012, switched 
from an institution specific Severity Assessment Scale (SAS) to the more 
validated Revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol 
(CIWA-Ar) scale. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the SAS 
to the CIWA-Ar protocol to determine whether one protocol offers benefit. 
The primary objectives of the study are: to quantify total benzodiazepine 
use associated with each protocol; and to evaluate whether either protocol 
is associated with higher rates of severe withdrawal complications. 
Secondary objectives of this study are to: determine differences in the 
number of times patients required lorazepam; evaluate differences in the 
indicators on which patients scored; assess differences in symptom severity; 
detect differences in the number of patients requiring transfer to a higher 
level of care due to withdrawal related complications; assess differences in 
the need for rescue sedation; identify differences in route of 
administration used; and record the number of patients on a withdrawal 
protocol who left the hospital against medical advice. Methods: A health 
system wide retrospective chart review was conducted. Charts from 1 August 
2011 to 31 October 2011 wherein the SAS protocol was ordered, and those from 
1 August 2012 to 31 October 2012 wherein the CIWA-Ar protocol was ordered, 
were eligible for this pilot study. Patients included must have been at 
least 18 years of age and experiencing alcohol withdrawal. Those with a 
documented medical or psychiatric illness associated with seizures or 
hallucinations, those withdrawing from substances other than alcohol, and 
those using opiates, antiepileptics, clonidine, or beta-blockers were 
excluded from the study. Results: Preliminary data is being analyzed for 
approximately 100 patients. Data analysis is anticipated to be complete by 
March 22, 2013.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent
  clonidine
  lorazepam
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol withdrawal
  college
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agitation
  data analysis
  death
  delirium tremens
  disease management
  hallucination
  health care
  hospital
  medical record review
  mental disease
  patient
  pilot study
  sedation
  seizure
  treatment withdrawal
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 268
TITLE
  An evaluation of relapse with regards to dose and concomitant use of 
sedating medications in a veteran population prescribed 
buprenorphine/naloxone: A retrospective cohort study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Turner T.L.
  Rayfield A.L.
  Thomas C.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Turner T.L.; Rayfield A.L.; Thomas C.J.) Department of Veterans Affairs 
Medical Center, Chillicothe, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.L. Turner, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chillicothe, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (318-319). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: There is an estimated eight million 
people worldwide who abuse opiates. Opioid maintenance treatment is aimed at 
avoiding illicit drug use, not achieving a drug-free state. Additionally, 
maintenance treatment aims to improve quality of life and psychosocial 
functioning for the patient along with reducing harm and costs for society. 
Opioid agonists such as methadone, partial agonists such as buprenorphine, 
or agonist/antagonist combinations such as buprenorphine/ naloxone can be 
used in opioid maintenance treatment. There have currently been no studies 
looking at the most efficacious dose of buprenorphine/ naloxone in 
maintenance rehabilitation programs. It has been noted that patients may be 
prescribed benzodiazepines for anxiety, and zolpidem or trazodone for 
insomnia. Though these medications may help patients through the agony 
associated with acute withdrawal, their role in themaintenance period is 
questionable. Objectives: 1. Investigate the difference between relapse 
rates with use of buprenorphine/naloxone at 8 mg or less as compared to 
higher doses. 2. Investigate the difference in time to relapse with use of 
buprenorphine/naloxone at 8 mg or less as compared to higher doses. 3. 
Investigate the difference between relapse rates with use of 
buprenorphine/naloxone with and without concomitant use of 
sedatingmedications. 4. Investigate the difference in time to relapse with 
use of buprenorphine/ naloxone with and without concomitant use of sedating 
medications. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study which will 
examine two independent variables.Patients willbeidentifiedthrough 
theVeterans Affairs computer charting system as having been enrolled in the 
Suboxone treatment group. A Fisher's Exact Test will be used to determine 
rates of relapse in both groups. ANOVA will be used to evaluate time to 
relapse. A pre-specified p value of 0.05 will indicate statistical 
significance. SPSS software will be used for all statistical calculations. 
Outcomes: We will report the difference in relapse rate and time to relapse 
for patients taking 8 mg or less as compared to higher doses, aswell as the 
difference in relapse rate and timeto relapse for patients taking a 
concomitant sedating medication.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
  buprenorphine
  buprenorphine plus naloxone
  illicit drug
  methadone
  naloxone
  opiate
  opiate agonist
  partial agonist
  trazodone
  zolpidem
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cohort analysis
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  population
  relapse
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  analysis of variance
  anxiety
  computer
  computer program
  drug use
  Fisher exact test
  insomnia
  maintenance therapy
  patient
  quality of life
  recurrence risk
  rehabilitation
  social psychology
  society
  statistical significance
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 269
TITLE
  Retrospective analysis of patients receiving long acting injectable 
formulation antipsychotics vs. Oral formulation antipsychotics: A focus on 
'as needed' use psychotropics with regards to adherence, efficacy, safety 
and costs
AUTHOR NAMES
  Uhlyar S.
  Gutstein S.
  Rey J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Uhlyar S.; Gutstein S.; Rey J.A.) Nova Southeastern University, College of 
Pharmacy, Ft. Lauderdale, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Uhlyar, Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Ft. 
Lauderdale, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (334-335). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Introduction: Medication adherence has always been a 
problem with drug therapy regimens, especially in the psychiatric 
population. Antipsychotics have a variety of undesirable side effects and 
are more prone to non-adherence. Along with antipsychotic medications, many 
patients with mental illness take numerous other psychotropics such as mood 
stabilizers, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants. Unfortunately, there are 
only a few long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics available in the 
United States, among which are haloperidol and risperidone. Purpose: The LAI 
formulated antipsychotics, which can be beneficial in a patient-specific 
regimen, and potentially cost effective when considering the possibility of 
needing to use 'one-time' or 'as needed' medications more often in a 
population treated with oral agents only. This question is the focus of this 
study. Methods: A retrospective analysis with de-identified data, will aid 
in evaluating adherence response and the necessity of additional 'one-time 
use' or 'as needed' (PRN) doses with patients receiving LAIs compared to 
patients receiving only oral agents in their treatment regimen. Using an 
analysis of data from a longterm inpatient psychiatric facility, medical 
records review from January 2011 to December 2012 will be conducted to 
identify certain outcomes. The outcomes to be assessed include regimen 
stability based on the use of PRN psychotropics between the two groups and 
medication selection within each group. Evaluation of the medication 
regimens of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines will help 
assess and create an effectiveness profile. Results: The results of this 
study could be beneficial when suggesting and establishing patient-specific 
treatment regimens with the highest chance for a positive clinical outcome 
in regards to efficacy, cost of secondary medications and administration, 
and safety of staff in inpatient hospital settings. Results to be presented.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
  haloperidol
  mood stabilizer
  risperidone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  safety
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug therapy
  hospital
  hospital patient
  medical record review
  medication compliance
  mental disease
  population
  side effect
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 270
TITLE
  Pharmacist interventions in a psychiatric primary care clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wong K.R.
  Montgomery J.
  Brennan J.
  Dress J.
  Ross C.
  Crabtree R.
  Fabian T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wong K.R.; Montgomery J.; Brennan J.; Dress J.; Ross C.; Crabtree R.; 
Fabian T.) Western Psychiatric Institute, Clinic of University of Pittsburgh 
Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.
(Fabian T.) University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.R. Wong, Western Psychiatric Institute, Clinic of University of Pittsburgh 
Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (341). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Innovative Practices. Background: Managing patients with psychiatric 
illness presents unique challenges to primary care providers. This can be 
due to a high number of medications, lack of medication knowledge, 
medication access issues, and side effects, among other factors. Meeting the 
healthcare needs of patients with mental illness requires expertise in both 
psychiatric and medical medications. Psychiatric clinical pharmacists are 
optimally positioned to provide specialized care in this unique practice 
setting. Description of Innovative Service: Western Psychiatric Institute 
and Clinic provides both inpatient and outpatient services to those 
suffering from mental illness. The addition of three psychiatric clinical 
pharmacists to the pharmacy department provided the opportunity to increase 
clinical pharmacy services in the outpatient setting, specifically in the 
primary care clinic. In October, pharmacists began seeing patients Monday 
through Friday from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. The pharmacist performs allergy and 
medication reconciliation, evaluates medication adherence and the current 
medication regimen, and meets with patients one-on-one prior to their 
appointment in the clinic. Pharmacists identify drug-related problems, and 
serve as a resource for intensive medication therapy management issues and 
drug information requests. All interventions are documented in the 
electronic medical record and in a clinical interventions database. Impact 
on Patient Care: Between October 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012 clinical 
pharmacists have seen 125 patients over 146 encounters (84% of all 
appointments in psychiatric primary care clinic during that time period). 
Patients seen in the clinic were 22-76 years old (average age: 53 years), 
primarily male (n = 71, 57%), had an average of 4 chronic disease states 
including psychiatric diagnoses, and were prescribed an average of 8 
medications. During these encounters, pharmacists identified and addressed 
44 allergy and adverse drug reaction discrepancies, 92 medication 
reconciliation interventions, 84 adherence issues, and 67 additional 
drug-related problems. Additionally, patients received counseling on each 
issue identified. Conclusion: In threemonths, pharmacists made 287 
interventions over 146 patient visits in a psychiatric primary care clinic. 
Pharmacists have been a welcome addition to the healthcare team. Providers 
have increased confidence that their patients' medication regimen is 
appropriate and safe. And more importantly, patients are empowered to 
actively participate in their medication therapy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
  primary medical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  allergy
  chronic disease
  clinical pharmacy
  counseling
  data base
  drug information
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  health care
  health care need
  hospital department
  hospital patient
  male
  medication compliance
  medication therapy management
  mental disease
  outpatient
  outpatient care
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  psychiatric diagnosis
  side effect
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 271
TITLE
  The financial impact of supportive care vs supportive care plus 
buprenorphine/naloxone for inpatient opiate detoxification
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sullivan C.
  Lorenz K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sullivan C.; Lorenz K.) Orlando Health, South Seminole Hospital, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Sullivan, Orlando Health, South Seminole Hospital, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (336-337). Date of Publication: 
June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Colorado Springs, CO, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-04-21 to 2013-04-24
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Type: Work in Progress. Background: Each year, South Seminole Hospital 
provides intensive inpatient opiate detoxification to approximately 1,000 
patients. Patients are detoxed using one of two pharmacologic regimens: as 
needed symptom-driven supportive care using a standard order set comprised 
of clonidine, dicyclomine, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, loperamide, 
methocarbamol, pseudoephedrine, and trimethobenzamide OR supportive care 
plus scheduled buprenorphine/ naloxone. Previous research indicates that 
both options are safe and effective for opiate detoxification. Objective: 
The objective of this study is to compare the financial impact of two 
commonly used treatment regimens for opiate detoxification. Methods: This 
retrospective chart review includes patients over the age of 18 admitted to 
any behavioral health unit with a diagnosis of opioid abuse or dependence 
seeking detoxification. Data will be retrieved via electronic medical 
records from 2008 to 2012 and includes primary insurance coverage, average 
hospital length of stay, average direct cost per patient, average variable 
cost per patient, and overall percentage of patients who received 
buprenorphine/ naloxone. Descriptive statistics will be provided. Outcomes: 
The number and percent of patients who were treated for opiate 
detoxification with and without buprenorphine/naloxone, along with the 
number of patients with each insurance type (commercial, medicaid, medicare, 
other government payers, and self-pay), the average hospital length of stay, 
and average direct and variable costs be reported.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  clonidine
  dicycloverine
  hydroxyzine
  ibuprofen
  loperamide
  methocarbamol
  naloxone
  pseudoephedrine
  trimethobenzamide
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  detoxification
  hospital patient
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  diagnosis
  electronic medical record
  government
  health center
  hospital
  insurance
  length of stay
  medicaid
  medical record review
  medicare
  patient
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013487674
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 272
TITLE
  Two vigilance approaches
AUTHOR NAMES
  Romic M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Romic M.) National Blood Transfusiona Institute, Beograd, Serbia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Romic, National Blood Transfusiona Institute, Beograd, Serbia.
SOURCE
  Vox Sanguinis (2013) 105 SUPPL.1 (282). Date of Publication: June 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  23rd Regional Congress of the International Society of Blood Transfusion
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Amsterdam, Netherlands
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-06-02 to 2013-06-05
ISSN
  0042-9007
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: At this moment there are several types of vigilance: pharamaco-, 
haemo-, bio-, materio-, reacto-, addicto-... The importance of 
pharmacovigilance was first introduced at the meeting in Sicily in 1997, 
where many professionals, researchers, academics, media writers, 
representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulators, patients, 
consumers, and international health organizations, discussed the topic and 
emphasized its relevance. All the stakeholders presented their point of 
view, which resulted with the announcement of THE ERICE DECLARATION. Next, 
The Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UPC): the Clinical pharmacology Unit started 
educating professionals about the approaches, methods and news in the field 
of pharmacovigilance. In addition, UPC printed booklet with necessary 
information, and distributed it worldwide. Likewise, WHO NEWS from Geneva 
sends newsletter on a monthly basis. At the same time, problems with HIV 
transmission in France raised a concern and initiated a different type of 
system of activities: haemovigilance. Being the new field of research, there 
is no continuous source of information devoted to the topic of 
haemovigilance. Data are being collected by INC (International 
Haemovigilance Network). Pharmacovigilance and haemovigilance are different 
types of practice, however they share much in common in terms of collection 
and verification of data, as well as the permanent patient supervision. Aim: 
This case study indicates similarities and differences in the working method 
and information gathering between pharmacovigilance and haemovigilance. 
Results: From 1997 onwards,EMEA published many guidelines , risk management 
plans and Good Pharmacovigilance Practice( GVP), together with the other 
important data for pharmacovigilance. In the field of haemovigilance, 
similar documents are not published yet. Summary: It is of an utmost 
importance to continue with further research in this field, consistent data 
gathering, valuation, networking and distribution. Furthermore, the 
comparative analysis of haemovigilance and pharmacovigilance is necessary in 
order to gain further knowledge in these fields.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alertness
  blood transfusion
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood safety
  case study
  clinical pharmacology
  consumer
  drug industry
  drug surveillance program
  France
  health care organization
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  Italy
  monitoring
  patient
  public health
  publication
  risk management
  scientist
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vox.12048
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 273
TITLE
  Drug related problems and interventions of pharmacists on prescribed 
medicines in Belgium
AUTHOR NAMES
  De Wulf I.
  Boussery K.
  De Vriese C.
  De Meyer G.
  Foulon V.
  Lacour V.
  Mehuys E.
  Steurbaut S.
  Van Hees T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (De Wulf I., Isabelle.dewulf@apb.be; Boussery K.; De Vriese C.; De Meyer G.; 
Foulon V.; Lacour V.; Mehuys E.; Steurbaut S.; Van Hees T.) APB, 
Archimedesstraat 11, Brussel, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I. De Wulf, APB, Archimedesstraat 11, Brussel, Belgium. Email: 
Isabelle.dewulf@apb.be
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:3 (497)
CONFERENCE NAME
  8th Working Conference of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Berlin, Germany
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-02-06 to 2013-02-08
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Aim of project/study (1) To study the frequency and nature of drug related 
problems (DRP) detected by community pharmacists and internship students 
when dispensing prescribed medicines. (2) To investigate the nature and 
frequency of interventions by pharmacists. (3) To study whether there is a 
difference between DRP detection at the moment of dispensing versus in a 
quiet setting. Method All tutors of the participating universities in 
Belgium were asked to contribute to the study. Participating pharmacists 
quantified drug related problems and their interventions for 5 full or 10 
half days. Registrations were made by using a web tool based on the 
classification list of PCNE. This list had been translated and validated for 
the Belgian community pharmacy setting prior to the development of the web 
tool. The web application was evaluated by 38 students in a pilot study. A 
few adaptations were made to improve the user friendliness. Results Six of 
the seven Belgian universities and 530 (10.5 % of the 5,025) Belgian 
pharmacists were willing to actively participate in the final study: 280 
pharmacists and an equal number of internship students conducted the study 
in November/December 2012 and 250 pharmacists and internship students will 
do so in February/March 2013. On December 12th 4.907 DRP's were registered. 
4,406 DRP were detected at the moment of dispensing, 501 (10 %) were 
detected a posteriori, when the students analysed the prescription at a 
quiet time. In 2.359 (48 %) of the registrations medicines that were 
prescribed for the first time were involved, 2.469 (50 %) registrations were 
made for repeat prescriptions and 78 (1.6 %) registrations were related to 
compounded drugs. Further analysis of DRP and interventions has not yet been 
done.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Belgium
  Europe
  human
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptation
  classification
  community
  pharmacy
  pilot study
  prescription
  registration
  student
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9773-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 274
TITLE
  Clinical pharmacy case education
AUTHOR NAMES
  Vlcek J.
  Maly J.
  Fialova D.
  Linhartova A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Vlcek J., vlcek@faf.cuni.cz; Maly J.; Fialova D.; Linhartova A.) Charles 
University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech 
Republic.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Vlcek, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec 
Králové, Czech Republic. Email: vlcek@faf.cuni.cz
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2013) 35:3 (498)
CONFERENCE NAME
  8th Working Conference of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Berlin, Germany
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-02-06 to 2013-02-08
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Aim of project/study To increase quality of pharmaceutical care by 
increasing the knowledge and skills of pharmacists on how to maximize effect 
and minimize risk of pharmacotherapy. Method The section of clinical 
pharmacy together with pharmaceutical chamber developed interactive seminars 
for pharmacists. The project was started in 2006, and a team of lectors 
(pharmacists)was set up. This team meets twice a year during a business 
meeting and develops content and quality standard rules. Every individual 
seminar is led by lector together with physician (consultant). The task of 
lector is to promote discussion concerning drug related problems (not only 
describing it, but fitting it into theoretical knowledge and skills), to 
identify problematic substances and find a way to monitor the clinical 
relevance of DRP, and to manage it. Consultants make comments from the 
medical point of view. The participants (maximum is 30 on each event) 
receive several cases 1 week before the workshop. The workshops are running 
in majority of regions of Czech Republic and so it is not necessary for 
pharmacists to spend lot of time with travelling. Participants and lector 
have to fill out a questionnaire at the end of the workshop. The 
questionnaire was developed on business lector's meetings. Results We 
started with 5-20 seminars, but now 70-80 seminars are given annually. In 
2011 and 2012 respectively 1,767 and 1,750 pharmacists participated. 
Preliminary results from the questionnaires show that for 96 % of 
participants workshops meet their expectation, 82 % reported that it will be 
useful in their daily dispensing practice, 96 % enjoyed discussing the topic 
and about 98 % appreciate the professional level and interactivity of the 
workshops.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  education
  Europe
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  commercial phenomena
  consultation
  Czech Republic
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  physician
  questionnaire
  risk
  skill
  travel
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9773-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 275
TITLE
  Optimizing the safe and effective prescribing of opioids for pain management 
in the emergency department
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zimmerman D.E.
  Cohen V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zimmerman D.E.; Cohen V.) Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, 
Brooklyn, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.E. Zimmerman, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 26:3 (301). Date of Publication: June 
2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  52nd Annual Assembly of the New York State Council of Health-system 
Pharmacists, NYSCHP 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Verona, NY, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-05-02 to 2013-05-05
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Opioid abuse and misuse has become an epidemic to the United States. The New 
York City Department of Health and American College of Emergency Physicians 
have released statement positions and recommendations for prescribing of 
opioid medications in the emergency department.1,2 The goal of these 
recommendations is to reduce the misuse and over prescribing of opioid 
medications. The Emergency Department Clinical Pharmacist and Pharmacy 
Resident in coordination with a multidisciplinary team of clinicians have 
developed initiatives to ensure the Maimonides Medical Center 
EmergencyDepartment is incompliance with the newrecommendations.The specific 
areas of interest for this study include medication orders for chronic 
nonmalignant pain patients, concurrent benzodiazepine use, and discharge 
prescriptions for opioid containing medications. The purpose of this study 
is to determine the effectiveness of opioid prescribing initiatives that are 
aimed to reduce opioidmisuse and abuse. This study will be done by surveying 
and collecting information on patients with opioid orders for chronic 
nonmalignant pain and patients who are discharged with opioid prescriptions 
both before and after the initiatives were implemented to calculate the 
frequency of opioid misuse. Information that will be collected includes 
deidentified patient information, opioid medication(s) ordered, concurrent 
and home medication(s), and basic laboratory information. Orders for chronic 
non-malignant pain will be considered inappropriate if non-opioid therapies 
have not been attempted prior to opioid prescribing unless contraindications 
to therapy are present. Discharge prescriptions will be considered 
inappropriate if a 6-day supply or greater is dispensed. The initiatives 
consist of prescriber education, modifications to the computer physician 
order entry system. An estimated 250 orders will be included in this 
analysis. Descriptive statistics will be used in this analysis.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  emergency ward
  health care
  human
  pharmacist
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  college
  computerized provider order entry
  drug therapy
  education
  emergency physician
  epidemic
  health
  inappropriate prescribing
  laboratory
  pain
  patient
  patient information
  pharmacy
  prescription
  statistics
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013486091
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 276
TITLE
  Assessment of clinical pharmacist intervention in tertiary care teaching 
hospital of Southern India
AUTHOR NAMES
  Satish Kumar B.P.
  Dahal P.
  Venkataraman R.
  Fuloria P.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Satish Kumar B.P.; Dahal P., Prince_prasanna@hotmail.com; Venkataraman R.; 
Fuloria P.C.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, AH and RC, SAC college of 
Pharmacy, B.G Nagara, Karnataka, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Dahal, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, AH and RC, SAC college of 
Pharmacy, B.G Nagara, Karnataka, India. Email: Prince_prasanna@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2013) 6:SUPPL. 2 
(255-258). Date of Publication: June 2013
ISSN
  0974-2441
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 32-H, Kalany Nagar, 
Aerodrum Road,Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are frequent in hospitalization 
where multiple changes in patient's medication regimens and lack of 
continuity of care may be accompanied. Objectives: To assess clinical 
pharmacist intervention on the drug related problems in medicine ward of 
tertiary care hospital. Method: It was a prospective, observational and 
interventional study carried over a period of 4 months. Results: A total of 
240 patients were followed out of which 49 patients were intervened for 
having one or more drug related problems. Male (61.30%) predominance was 
noted over females (38.70%). Drug related problems were more commonly seen 
in patients aged above 60 years, (53.10 %). A total of 71 drug related 
problems were identified. Most of the DRP observed in the study resulted 
from the inappropriate drug dosing problems (25.35%) followed by drug 
selection (23.94%). Majority of the clinical pharmacist recommendations were 
on drug discontinuation (29.58%) and drug doses change (22.53%). Moderate 
significance of DRPs were noted high (47.89 %), whereas (39.44 %) were minor 
and (12.67 %) were major. The acceptance rate of intervening clinical 
pharmacist recommendation and change in drug therapy was found to be high 
(70.59%).Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist involvement in inpatients care can 
significantly help to identify, resolve and prevent the DRPs among patients 
in the hospital. The study concluded that the clinical pharmacist have a 
significant role in patients care at hospital.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  teaching hospital
  tertiary health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  comorbidity
  drug induced disease
  female
  hospital patient
  hospitalization
  human
  India
  major clinical study
  male
  medication error
  observational study
  patient care
  prospective study
  quality of life
  sex difference
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013384925
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 277
TITLE
  Physicians' perceptions, attitudes and expectations regarding the role of 
hospital-based pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Khdour M.R.
  Alayasa K.S.
  Alshahed Q.N.
  Hawwa A.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Khdour M.R., mkhdour@pharm.alquds.edu) Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds 
University, P. O. Box 20002, Jerusalem, Israel.
(Alayasa K.S.) Faculty of Nursing, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Israel.
(Alshahed Q.N.) Department of Pharmacy, Patient Friends Society, Al-Rahma 
PolyClinic, Nablus, Palestine.
(Hawwa A.F.) Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University 
Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.R. Khdour, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, P. O. Box 20002, 
Jerusalem, Israel. Email: mkhdour@pharm.alquds.edu
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2013) 21:3 (178-184). Date of 
Publication: June 2013
ISSN
  0961-7671
  2042-7174 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 1 Lambeth High Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Objective To evaluate the perceptions, expectations and experiences of 
physicians with regard to hospital-based pharmacists in the West Bank, 
Palestine. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 250 
physicians practising in four general hospitals in the West Bank, Palestine. 
The main sections of the questionnaire comprised a series of statements 
pertaining to physicians' perceptions, expectations and experiences with 
pharmacists. Key findings One hundred and fifty seven questionnaires were 
completed and returned (response rate, 62.8%). The majority of respondents 
were most comfortable with pharmacists detecting and preventing prescription 
errors (76.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 69.5-81.2%) and patient 
education (57.9%; CI 51.2-63.4%) but they were not comfortable with 
pharmacists suggesting the use of prescription medications to patients 
(56.7%; CI 49.8-62.4%). Most physicians (62.4%; CI 56.8-69.1%) expected the 
pharmacist to educate their patients about the safe and appropriate use of 
their medication. However, approximately one-third (31.7%; CI 26.0-39.6%) 
did not expect pharmacists to be available for consultation during rounds. 
Physicians' experiences with pharmacists were less favourable; whereas 77% 
(CI 70.2-81.5%) of the physicians agreed that pharmacists were always a 
reliable source of information, only 11.5% (CI 6.2-16.4%) agreed that 
pharmacists appeared to be willing to take responsibility for solving any 
drug-related problems. Conclusion The present study showed that hospital 
physicians are more likely to accept traditional pharmacy services than 
newer clinical services for hospital-based pharmacists in the West Bank, 
Palestine. Pharmacists should therefore interact more positively and more 
frequently with physicians. This will close the gap between the physicians' 
commonly held perceptions of what they expect pharmacists to do and what 
pharmacists can actually do, and gain support for an extended role of 
hospital-based pharmacists in future patient therapy management. © 2013 
Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital pharmacy
  physician attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  consultation
  female
  human
  male
  Palestine
  patient education
  perception
  pharmacist
  prescription
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  therapeutic error
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013322467
MEDLINE PMID
  23418962 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23418962)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00246.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 278
TITLE
  Evaluation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors as therapeutics: 
Pharmacogenomic and pharmacoproteomic studies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Park S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Park S., sypark21@dongduk.ac.kr) Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk 
Women's University, 23-1 Wolgok-dong, Sungbukku, Seoul 136-714, South Korea.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Park, Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, 23-1 
Wolgok-dong, Sungbukku, Seoul 136-714, South Korea. Email: 
sypark21@dongduk.ac.kr
SOURCE
  Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine (2013) 11:1 (76-85). Date 
of Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1875-6921
  1875-6913 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Bentham Science Publishers B.V., P.O. Box 294, Bussum, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, which 
includes GDNF, artemin, persephin, and neurturin, rests within the 
transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. GDNF family members play a 
crucial role in the development of peripheral autonomic and sensory neurons. 
Recent studies on the impact of GDNF on posttraumatic nerve regeneration and 
the treatment of neuropathic pain found that GDNF reversed the posttraumatic 
changes. This paper focuses on different pharmacological effects of GDNFs 
that are currently under examination enabled by pharmacogenomic and 
pharmacoproteomic studies. From these lessons learned, it seems clear that 
GDNF is involved in the mechanism of action of drugs that improve 
neurodegenerative diseases and drug abuse, including alcohol. Although it is 
difficult to postulate precisely GDNF pathway-specific drugs at this time, 
identification of genes or proteins that are specifically regulated by GDNF 
in certain cellular phenotypes might improve the efficacy of 
neurodegenerative disease therapies. Additionally, the possibility of 
fine-tuning GDNF expression in specific brain sites suffering from 
neurotrophic factor malfunction might allow refinement of the personalized 
strategies used to fight neuronal disorders. © 2013 Bentham Science 
Publishers.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (clinical trial, drug 
combination, drug therapy, intracerebroventricular drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  artemin (endogenous compound)
  biglycan (endogenous compound)
  brain derived neurotrophic factor (drug combination)
  cofilin (endogenous compound)
  collagen type 1 (endogenous compound)
  drebrin (endogenous compound)
  dynamin I (endogenous compound)
  dynamin II (endogenous compound)
  khellin (endogenous compound)
  nestin (endogenous compound)
  neurturin (endogenous compound)
  persephin (endogenous compound)
  placebo
  plectin (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacogenomics
  proteomics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  behavior
  cell differentiation
  cell survival
  continuous infusion
  dopaminergic nerve cell
  down regulation
  drug abuse
  drug efficacy
  human
  microarray analysis
  neuropathic pain
  nonhuman
  nucleotide sequence
  Parkinson disease (drug therapy)
  protein expression
  randomized controlled trial (topic)
  signal transduction
  upregulation
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  artemin (22149-38-8)
  biglycan (123939-84-4)
  brain derived neurotrophic factor (218441-99-7)
  khellin (82-02-0)
  nestin (146315-66-4)
  neurturin (185830-44-8, 185857-51-6)
  persephin (205537-90-2)
MOLECULAR SEQUENCE NUMBERS
  GENBANK (AA818145, AA818273, AA818977, AA858883, AA860061, AA866262, 
AA874904, AA874911, AA875142, AA875155, AA875474, AA899076, AA899750, 
AA900375, AA900574, AA900667, AA924607, AA924944, AA925096, AA925200, 
AA925275, AA925388, AA925391, AA925635, AA955881, AA956175, AA997380, 
AI044995, AI060107, AI144995)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013266624
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875692111311010010
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 279
TITLE
  Drug-related problems and medication errors: A literature review on economic 
outcomes in sub-saharan africa
AUTHOR NAMES
  McRae J.
  Lovett A.
  Ohaya V.
  Ohaya J.
  Pounds T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McRae J.; Lovett A.; Ohaya V.; Ohaya J.) Mercer University, Atlanta, United 
States.
(Pounds T.) Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. McRae, Mercer University, Atlanta, United States.
SOURCE
  Value in Health (2013) 16:3 (A198). Date of Publication: May 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-05-18 to 2013-05-22
ISSN
  1098-3015
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To review the literature published within the last decade 
related to drug-related problems and medication errors in Sub-Saharan 
Africa. This article provides a discussion on pharmaceutical care, with a 
focus on economic outcomes. METHODS: A search using Medline, Embase was 
conducted over the timeframe January 2002-December 2012 using key words such 
as: Sub-Saharan Africa, medication errors, economics, and pharmaceutical 
care. The abstract and/or full text of each article was reviewed. RESULTS: 
Twenty studies were identified for review. The most common problems in the 
pharmacy system were improper labeling, counterfeit drugs, lack of patient 
education, and inadequate drug distribution. The lack of electronic medical 
records and payment systems prevent the assessment of clinical cost 
outcomes. In a study conducted by the University of Benin, of 1500 
pharmacists, 93% reported that they would be willing to participate in “any 
training program to enable them to practice pharmaceutical care.” There is a 
lack of pharmacists able to provide pharmaceutical care as defined as the 
direct, responsible provision of medication-related care designed to achieve 
definite outcomes. The shortage of pharmacists is due to few training 
institutions, migration, inadequate pay and poor working conditions. 
Specifically, 25% of the world's global burden of disease is in Sub Saharan 
Africa, while this area comprises 3% of the world's health workers. These 
factors contribute to an increase in medication errors. CONCLUSIONS: 
Sub-Saharan Africa lacks the necessary governmental regulation to ensure a 
decrease in medication errors. The government may consider streamlining 
their drug distribution system through the enforcement of regulations and 
the use of information technology in the health care delivery system. 
Additional studies are needed to examine economic outcomes. Several studies 
provide information on cost effectiveness and quality of life, but these 
studies are specific to the HIV/AIDS population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  counterfeit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Africa
  medication error
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Benin
  cost effectiveness analysis
  drug distribution
  drug therapy
  economics
  electronic medical record
  Embase
  government
  health
  health care delivery
  health care personnel
  human
  information technology
  Medline
  patient education
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  population
  quality of life
  training
  university
  work environment
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.999
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 280
TITLE
  Cost-effectiveness of clinical pharmacy education on infection management 
among patients with chronic kidney disease in an indonesian hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nasution A.
  Syed Sulaiman S.A.
  Shafie A.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nasution A., nasution.azizah4@gmail.com) Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas 
Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
(Syed Sulaiman S.A.; Shafie A.A.) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Nasution, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Tri Dharma 
No. 5, Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia. Email: nasution.azizah4@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Value in Health Regional Issues (2013) 2:1 (43-47). Date of Publication: May 
2013
ISSN
  2212-1099
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical and economic impacts of 
clinical pharmacy education (CPE) on infection management among patients 
with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4 and 5 in Haji Adam Malik 
Hospital, Indonesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental economic evaluation 
comparing CPE impact on 6-month CKD mortality was conducted on the basis of 
payer perspective. The experimental group (n = 63) received care by health 
care providers who were given CPE on drug-related problems and dose 
adjustment. The control group (n = 80) was based on the historical cohort of 
patients who received care before the CPE. Measure of clinical outcome 
applied in this study was number of lives saved/100 patients treated. 
Cost-effectiveness ratios for CKD stages 4 and 5 patients without CPE and 
with CPE and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for CKD stages 4 
and 5 patients were analyzed. Results: Lives saved (%) in the treatment of 
CKD without CPE: CKD stage 4, 78.57; CKD stage 5, 57.58. Lives saved (%) in 
the treatment of CKD with CPE: CKD stage 4, 88.89; CKD stage 5, 65.45. 
Cost-effectiveness ratios for stage 4 with and without CPEs were 
Rp3,348,733.27 and Rp3,519,931.009, respectively. Cost-effectiveness ratios 
for stage 5 with and without CPEs were Rp7,137,874.93 and Rp7,871,822.27, 
respectively. ICERs were Rp2,045,341.22 for CKD stage 4 and Rp1,767,585.60 
for CKD stage 5. Conclusions: Treatment of CKD stages 4 and 5 with CPE was 
more effective and cost-effective compared with treatment of CKD stages 4 
and 5 without CPE. The ICERs indicated that extra costs were required to 
increase life saved in both stages. © 2013 International Society for 
Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic kidney disease
  clinical pharmacy
  cost effectiveness analysis
  infection (disease management)
  patient education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cohort analysis
  controlled study
  disease association
  disease severity
  female
  health care cost
  health care delivery
  health care utilization
  human
  Indonesia
  major clinical study
  male
  mortality
  priority journal
  quasi experimental study
  survival rate
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013289563
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2013.02.009
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 281
TITLE
  Coffea arabica seed extract stimulate the cellular immune function and 
cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Haque M.R.
  Ansari S.H.
  Rashikh A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Haque M.R., hrafiul@gmail.com; Ansari S.H.) Department of Pharmacognosy and 
Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 62, India.
(Rashikh A.) Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 62, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. R. Haque, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, 
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 62, India. Email: hrafiul@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:1 (101-108). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  In this study, we investigate the immunostimulatory effects of alcoholic 
extract of the coffee seed on cell-mediated immune response and 
cyclophosphamide-induced (CP) immunosuppressed mice. The assessment of 
cellular immune function was carried out by the measurement of delayed-type 
hypersensitivity (DTH) response. According to the literature survey, 
cyclophosphamide has only suppressing effect on the lymphoid organ, white 
blood cell (WBC) and other parts of humoral immunity. Humoral immunity was 
assessed by the hemagglutination antibody titre. Mice were treated with 
three doses of extract (50, 150 and 250 mg/Kg body weight per os). Relative 
organ weight and WBC counts were also studied in these animals. At doses of 
50 and 150, a signifcant increase (p < 0.05) in relative organ weight of 
spleen and thymus was observed but there was no effect on kidney and liver 
weights. WBC counts was also increased signifcantly (p < 0.001) in all doses 
of the plant extract. Coffea arabica extract elicited a signifcant (p < 
0.001) increase in the DTH response at doses of 50 and 150 mg/Kg, but the 
change at higher dose of 250 mg/Kg was not statistically signifcant. In the 
HT test, plant extract also showed modulatory effect at all doses groups. 
Over all, coffee seed showed the stimulatory effect on cellular immune 
function and cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice. © 2013 by 
School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Coffea arabica extract (drug development, oral drug administration)
  plant extract (drug development, oral drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  carboxymethylcellulose
  cyclophosphamide
  gallic acid
  hemagglutinin (endogenous compound)
  liver enzyme (endogenous compound)
  quercetin
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  coffee
  immune deficiency
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  animal tissue
  antibody titer
  article
  cellular immunity
  controlled study
  delayed hypersensitivity
  female
  humoral immunity
  immunostimulation
  mouse
  nonhuman
  organ weight
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  carboxymethylcellulose (8050-38-2, 9000-11-7, 9004-32-4, 9050-04-8)
  cyclophosphamide (50-18-0)
  gallic acid (149-91-7)
  hemagglutinin (37333-12-3)
  quercetin (117-39-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Immunology, Serology and Transplantation (26)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013149497
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 282
TITLE
  Green tea (Camellia sinensis) supplementation to diabetic rats improves 
serum and hepatic oxidative stress markers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Haidari F.
  Omidian K.
  Rafei H.
  Zarei M.
  Shahi M.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Haidari F.) Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Ahvaz 
University of Medical Sciences, 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Omidian K.) Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of 
Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Rafei H.) Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical 
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
(Zarei M.) Department of Food Hygiene, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 
Ahvaz, Iran.
(Shahi M.M., shahi334@gmail.com) Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz 
Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. M. Shahi, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of 
Medical Sciences, 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran. Email: shahi334@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:1 (109-114). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and is interrelated 
to oxidative stress-induced diseases. According to the role of dietary 
antioxidants in control and prevention of diabetes, this study was aimed to 
evaluate the effect of green tea extract on serum glucose levels and serum 
and hepatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid (MDA) in diabetic 
rats. Experimental diabetes in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection 
of streptozotocin (55 mg/Kg). Alcoholic extract of green tea (100, 200 
mg/Kg) was given by oral gavage to normal and diabetic rats for 4 weeks. 
Finally, serum glucose and serum and hepatic levels of MDA and TAC were 
measured and analyzed statistically. Data showed that green tea extract at 
dose of 200 mg/Kg significantly decreased the serum glucose levels, serum 
and hepatic MDA concentration and increased the total antioxidant capacity 
in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Green tea supplementation also increased 
hepatic TAC in normal rats (p < 0.05). The antihyperglycemic and 
antioxidative features of green tea make it an attractive candidate for the 
prophylactic treatment of diabetes, although further investigation is needed 
to determine exact dose and duration of supplementation. © 2013 by School of 
Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  biological marker (endogenous compound)
  green tea extract (drug development, drug therapy, oral drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  dimethyl sulfoxide
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diabetes mellitus (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  antidiabetic activity
  antioxidant activity
  article
  chemical analysis
  controlled study
  drug dose comparison
  general condition improvement
  male
  nonhuman
  oxidative stress
  prophylaxis
  rat
  streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
  tea
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Endocrinology (3)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013149498
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 283
TITLE
  Long-term morphine-treated rats are more sensitive to antinociceptive effect 
of diclofenac than the morphine-naive rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Akbari E.
  Mirzaei E.
  Majd N.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Akbari E., akbari_esmaeil@yahoo.com; Majd N.S.) Department of Physiology 
and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical 
Sciences, Sari, Iran.
(Mirzaei E.) School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 
Sari, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Akbari, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, 
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Email: 
akbari_esmaeil@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013) 12:1 (175-184). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  This study investigates the effectiveness of the antinociceptive effects of 
diclofenac, an NSAID, on the nociceptive behavior of morphine-treated rats 
on formalin test. Rats were treated with morphine-containing drinking water 
for twenty one days, which induced morphine dependence. The antinociceptive 
effects of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg doses of diclofenac were then evaluated and 
compared with distilled water in a formalin-based model of pain. Diclofenac 
potentiated pain suppression in morphine-dependent rats during the 
interphase of the formalin test and reduced the pain score during phase II. 
The post-test analysis revealed that both 16 mg/kg (p < 0.0001) and 32 mg/kg 
(p < 0.0001) doses of diclofenac had a signifcant effect on the inter phase, 
while 8 mg/kg (p < 0.05), 16 mg/kg (p < 0.05), and 32 mg/kg (p < 0.01) doses 
of diclofenac signifcantly affected phase II. In contrast, the 
antinociceptive effects of diclofenac on morphine-naïve rats were observed 
during phase II only with the a 32 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). In general, these 
results suggest that the long-term use of morphine in rats increases their 
sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of diclofenac. Furthermore, the 
results support the existence of a non-opioid-dependent mechanism of pain 
suppression during the interphase of formalin test. Copyright © 2013 by 
School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diclofenac (drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug administration)
  morphine (oral drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  formaldehyde
  naloxone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antinociception
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  article
  behavior
  controlled study
  locomotion
  male
  morphine addiction
  nociception
  nonhuman
  pain (drug therapy)
  pain assessment
  rat
  scoring system
  weight reduction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  diclofenac (15307-79-6, 15307-86-5)
  formaldehyde (50-00-0)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013149506
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 284
TITLE
  Problem based pharmacotherapy teaching for pharmacy students and pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Toklu H.Z.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Toklu H.Z., haletoklu@yahoo.com) Marmara University School of Pharmacy, 
Department of Pharmacology, Tibbiye Cad. No: 49, 34668 Haydarpasa - 
Istanbul, Turkey.
(Toklu H.Z., haletoklu@yahoo.com) Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
Department of Pharmacology, Nicosia, Cyprus.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Z. Toklu, Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Department of 
Pharmacology, Tibbiye Cad. No: 49, 34668 Haydarpasa - Istanbul, Turkey. 
Email: haletoklu@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Current Drug Delivery (2013) 10:1 (67-70). Date of Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1567-2018
  1875-5704 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Bentham Science Publishers B.V., P.O. Box 294, Bussum, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacy profession also involves identifying, solving and preventing 
drug-related problems, as well as encouraging proper use of medications, 
thus improving clinical outcome of the treatment. Pharmacotherapy is usually 
thaught as lectures in pharmacy schools and many students have a difficulty 
in implementing the theoretical knowledge into practice. Therefore courses 
on "rational drug use or rational pharmacotherapy" should be given by 
problem based teaching methods. Since 2009, "Rational Drug Use" courses are 
given in Marmara University School of Pharmacy by such a method (based on 
simulated patients and dispensing score) developed by the 'Turkish 
Pharmacological Society'. The method enables problem based learning and it 
is also used in some of the pharmacy schools in Turkey and in Near East 
University in Northern Cyprus. This kind of learning will provide ability 
for critical thinking, improve problemsolving skills and decision making 
during pharmacotherapy. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  problem solving
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  learning
  medical decision making
  medical practice
  medical profession
  priority journal
  professional knowledge
  scoring system
  simulation
  skill
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013190836
MEDLINE PMID
  22998048 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22998048)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201811310010012
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 285
TITLE
  Effects of academic service learning in drug misuse and addiction on 
students' learning preferences and attitudes toward harm reduction.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kabli N.
  Liu B.
  Seifert T.
  Arnot M.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kabli N.) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 
Ontario, Canada.
(Liu B.; Seifert T.; Arnot M.I.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Kabli, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 
Ontario, Canada.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2013) 77:3 (63). Date of 
Publication: 12 Apr 2013
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE. To examine academic service-learning pedagogy on student learning 
and perceptions of drug misuse and addiction. DESIGN. Third- and fourth-year 
pharmacology students were exposed to an academic service-learning pedagogy 
that integrated a community service experience with lectures, in-class 
discussions and debates, group projects, a final paper, and an examination. 
Reflective writing assignments throughout the course required students to 
assimilate and apply what they had learned in the classroom to what they 
learned in their community placement. ASSESSMENT. Changes in students' 
responses on pre- and post-course survey instruments reflected shifts toward 
higher-order thinking. Also, subjective student-learning modalities shifted 
toward learning by writing. Students' perspectives and attitudes allowed 
improved context of issues associated with drug misuse and harm reduction 
models. CONCLUSION. Academic service-learning pedagogy contributes to 
developing adaptable, well-rounded, engaged learners who become more 
compassionate and pragmatic in addressing scientific and social questions 
relating to drug addiction.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (therapy)
  harm reduction
  health personnel attitude
  learning
  pharmacy student
  social welfare
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  decision making
  drug dependence
  human
  information processing
  methodology
  pharmacology
  psychological aspect
  service-learning
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23610481 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23610481)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 286
TITLE
  Changing the face of pain through pharmacy pain consults
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nair H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nair H.) IU Health, West Avon, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Nair, IU Health, West Avon, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pain (2013) 14:4 SUPPL. 1 (S89). Date of Publication: April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-05-09 to 2013-05-11
ISSN
  1526-5900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Churchill Livingstone Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Changing the Face of Pain through Pharmacy Pain Consults at a Small 
Community Hospital. In 2010, IU HealthWest Hospital ranked in the 12th 
percentile in our value based purchasing pain score. In April of 2010 we 
implemented a multidisciplinary Pain Resource Nurse and Colleague program 
with the stated aim to improve our patient experience scores for pain 
management. After two days of classroom education, this core group met 
monthly to identify weaknesses in our practice methods, and to look for key 
strategies to support improvements in pain management. Very early in our 
Pain Committee evolution it was identified some staff had misunderstandings 
and misperceptions about the nuances of appropriate pain management. 
Pharmacological knowledge about various pain medications was identified as 
an area that needed improvement. The pharmacist on the Pain Resource and 
Colleague committee agreed to help educate the both physicians and nursing 
staff. This education was done in phases due to the varying shifts and 
staffing issues. After initial positive feedback, colleagues from physical 
therapy and occupational therapy requested pharmacy education in the area of 
pain management. This content was added for all new caregivers joining our 
team. Our pain scores improved somewhat following this education, but were 
still below our desired preeminent level. The Pain Committee advocated for 
the initiation of a Pharmacy Pain Consult program to further support 
patients experiencing unrelieved pain, chronic pain or who had addiction 
issues. It was recognized that the pharmacists could share their 
understanding of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of pain medications 
with physicians and nurses who might need further education.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pain
  pharmacy
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  analgesia
  caregiver
  chronic pain
  community hospital
  drug therapy
  education
  hospital
  human
  nurse
  nursing staff
  occupational therapy
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacokinetics
  pharmacology
  physician
  physiotherapy
  positive feedback
  purchasing
  weakness
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2013.01.695
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 287
TITLE
  Pharmacy syringe purchase test of nonprescription syringe sales in San 
Francisco and Los Angeles in 2010.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lutnick A.
  Cooper E.
  Dodson C.
  Bluthenthal R.
  Kral A.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lutnick A.) Urban Health Program, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, 
USA.
(Cooper E.; Dodson C.; Bluthenthal R.; Kral A.H.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Lutnick, Urban Health Program, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, USA. 
Email: alutnick@rti.org
SOURCE
  Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 
(2013) 90:2 (276-283). Date of Publication: Apr 2013
ISSN
  1468-2869 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  The two main legal sources of clean needles for illicit injection drug users 
(IDUs) in California are syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and 
nonprescription syringe sales (NPSS) at pharmacies. In 2004, California 
became one of the last states to allow NPSS. To evaluate the implementation 
of NPSS and the California Disease Prevention Demonstration Project (DPDP), 
we conducted syringe purchase tests in San Francisco (SF) and Los Angeles 
(LA) between March and July of 2010. Large differences in implementation 
were observed in the two cities. In LA, less than one-quarter of the 
enrolled pharmacies sold syringes to our research assistant (RA), and none 
sold a single syringe. The rate of successful purchase in LA is the lowest 
reported in any syringe purchase test. In both sites, there was notable 
variation among the gauge size available, and price and quantity of syringes 
required for a purchase. None of the DPDP pharmacies in LA or SF provided 
the requisite health information. The findings suggest that more outreach 
needs to be conducted with pharmacists and pharmacy staff. The pharmacies' 
failure to disseminate the educational materials may result in missed 
opportunities to provide needed harm reduction information to IDUs. The 
varied prices and required quantities may serve as a barrier to syringe 
access among IDUs. Future research needs to examine reasons why pharmacies 
do not provide the mandated information, whether the omission of disposal 
options is indicative of pharmacies' reluctance to serve as disposal sites, 
and if the dual opt-in approach of NPSS/DPDP is a barrier to pharmacy 
enrollment.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  commercial phenomena
  economics
  human
  infection control
  legal aspect
  preventive health service
  qualitative research
  substance abuse
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22718357 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718357)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9713-7
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 288
TITLE
  Phenotypic variability in resting-state functional connectivity: Current 
status
AUTHOR NAMES
  Vaidya C.J.
  Gordon E.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Vaidya C.J., cjv2@georgetown.edu) Department of Psychology, Georgetown 
University, 306 White-Gravenor, Washington, DC 20057, United States.
(Vaidya C.J., cjv2@georgetown.edu) Children's Research Institute, Children's 
National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
(Gordon E.M.) Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 
Washington, DC, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.J. Vaidya, Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306 
White-Gravenor, Washington, DC 20057, United States. Email: 
cjv2@georgetown.edu
SOURCE
  Brain Connectivity (2013) 3:2 (99-120). Date of Publication: 1 Apr 2013
ISSN
  2158-0014
  2158-0022 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 140 Huguenot Street, New Rochelle, United States.
ABSTRACT
  We reviewed the extant literature with the goal of assessing the extent to 
which resting-state functional connectivity is associated with phenotypic 
variability in healthy and disordered populations. A large corpus of work 
has accumulated to date (125 studies), supporting the association between 
intrinsic functional connectivity and individual differences in a wide range 
of domains - not only in cognitive, perceptual, motoric, and linguistic 
performance, but also in behavioral traits (e.g., impulsiveness, risky 
decision making, personality, and empathy) and states (e.g., anxiety and 
psychiatric symptoms) that are distinguished by cognitive and affective 
functioning, and in neurological conditions with cognitive and motor 
sequelae. Further, intrinsic functional connectivity is sensitive to remote 
(e.g., early-life stress) and enduring (e.g., duration of symptoms) life 
experience, and it exhibits plasticity in response to recent experience 
(e.g., learning and adaptation) and pharmacological treatment. The most 
pervasive associations were observed with the default network; associations 
were also widespread between the cingulo-opercular network and both 
cognitive and affective behaviors, while the frontoparietal network was 
associated primarily with cognitive functions. Associations of somatomotor, 
frontotemporal, auditory, and amygdala networks were relatively restricted 
to the behaviors linked to their respective putative functions. 
Surprisingly, visual network associations went beyond visual function to 
include a variety of behavioral traits distinguished by affective function. 
Together, the reviewed evidence sets the stage for testing causal hypothesis 
about the functional role of intrinsic connectivity and augments its 
potential as a biomarker for healthy and disordered brain function. © 
Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2013.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  escitalopram (drug therapy)
  thiamine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  connectome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  affect
  amygdaloid nucleus
  anxiety disorder
  autism
  behavior
  borderline state
  cingulate gyrus
  clinical feature
  cognition
  decision making
  depression (drug therapy)
  drug dependence
  empathy
  epilepsy
  episodic memory
  generalized anxiety disorder
  human
  intelligence
  learning
  memory disorder
  multiple sclerosis
  neurologic disease
  nonhuman
  obsessive compulsive disorder
  pars opercularis
  personality
  phenotype
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  priority journal
  review
  schizophrenia
  social phobia
  task performance
  Wernicke encephalopathy (drug therapy)
  working memory
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  escitalopram (128196-01-0, 219861-08-2)
  thiamine (59-43-8, 67-03-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013277401
MEDLINE PMID
  23294010 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23294010)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/brain.2012.0110
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 289
TITLE
  Analysis of clinical pharmacist interventions in a tertiary teaching 
hospital in Brazil.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Reis W.C.
  Scopel C.T.
  Correr C.J.
  Andrzejevski V.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Reis W.C.; Scopel C.T.; Correr C.J.; Andrzejevski V.M.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.C. Reis,
SOURCE
  Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil) (2013) 11:2 (190-196). Date of Publication: 
2013 Apr-Jun
ISSN
  2317-6385 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To analyze the clinical pharmacist interventions performed during the review 
of prescription orders of the Adult Intensive Care, Cardiologic Intensive 
Care, and Clinical Cardiology Units of a large tertiary teaching hospital in 
Brazil. The analysis took place daily with the following parameters: dose, 
rate of administration, presentation and/or dosage form, presence of 
inappropriate/unnecessary drugs, necessity of additional medication, more 
proper alternative therapies, presence of relevant drug interactions, 
inconsistencies in prescription orders, physical-chemical 
incompatibilities/solution stability. From this evaluation, the drug therapy 
problems were classified, as well as the resulting clinical interventions. 
During the study, a total of 6,438 drug orders were assessed and 933 
interventions were performed. The most prevalent drug therapy problems 
involved ranitidine (28.44%), enoxaparin (13.76%), and meropenem (8.26%). 
The acceptability of the interventions was 76.32%. The most common problem 
found was related to dose, representing 46.73% of the total. Our study 
showed that up to 14.6% of the prescriptions reviewed had some drug therapy 
problem and the pharmacist interventions have promoted positive changes in 
seven to ten of these prescriptions.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital pharmacy
  medication error
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Brazil
  classification
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  middle aged
  pharmacist
  prospective study
  standard
  statistics
  teaching hospital
  tertiary care center
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Portuguese
MEDLINE PMID
  23843060 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23843060)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 290
TITLE
  Pharmacovigilance is essential-Safety comes first
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sridhar S.
  Shwetha H.
  Shwetha A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sridhar S.; Shwetha H.; Shwetha A.M.) M S Ramaiah Medical College, 
Bangalore, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Sridhar, M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India.
SOURCE
  Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (2013) 57:5 SUPPL. 1 (260). 
Date of Publication: 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  59th Annual Conference of Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists 
of India, APPI 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bengaluru, India
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-11-28 to 2013-11-30
ISSN
  0019-5499
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India
ABSTRACT
  Adverse drug reactions are considered one among the leading causes of 
morbidity and mortality adding to spiraling costs of medical treatment. 
Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities that deals with detection, 
evaluation, understanding and prevention of adverse drug reactions or any 
other drug related problems. Large, diversified genetic pool of patients, 
increasing number of new drug approvals, self-medication, alternative 
systems of medicine and lack of awareness and our own data on adverse drug 
reactions calls for the need of Pharmacovigilance in India. Unfortunately, 
inspite of presence of well organized centers for drug monitoring in the 
country, the number of reports sent annually is dismal. This warrants an 
urgent need to reinforce pharmacovigilance activities through continuing 
medical education and workshops to create awareness among clinicians and 
public education on dangerous outcomes of self medication. Need of the hour 
is to emphasize on effective reporting at all levels of patient care and to 
ensure that the benefits of use of medicine outweighs the risks and thus 
safeguard the health of the Indian population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  new drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  India
  safety
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  drug approval
  drug monitoring
  education
  health
  human
  Indian
  medical education
  morbidity
  mortality
  non implantable urine incontinence electrical stimulator
  patient
  patient care
  population
  prevention
  risk
  self medication
  therapy
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 291
TITLE
  An integrative research review (IRR) of pharmacological and 
non-pharmacological interventions of sundowning syndrome in older adults
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sanchez Z.V.
  Bennett L.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sanchez Z.V.; Bennett L.L.) Scool of Nursing, Union University, Jackson, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Z.V. Sanchez, Scool of Nursing, Union University, Jackson, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2013) 61 SUPPL. 1 (S166). Date 
of Publication: April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Geriatrics Society
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Grapevine, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-05-03 to 2013-05-05
ISSN
  0002-8614
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Sundowning is not a psychiatric diagnosis but a descriptive term 
referring to a cluster of neuropsychiatric symptoms; starting at dusk and 
subsiding early morning. A wide range of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic 
interventions are used in managing this condition; but with mixed success. 
As a result, the management of these neuropsychiatric symptoms are a 
challenge to healthcare providers and caregivers. The purpose of this IRR is 
to systematically evaluate the efficacy of both interventions with the goal 
of, 1. summarizing past findings, 2. contributing to exiting body of 
literature with evidence-based recommendations, and 3. identifying areas 
where further investigation is required. Methods: A comprehensive literature 
study was conducted following the PRISMA Statement. Both researchers 
independently searched the following databases: PubMed, Academic Journal, 
PsychInfo, Medline Plus, CINHAL, EBSCO, OVID, Cochrane Databases of 
Systematic Reviews, and manually reviewed the reference list of relevant 
studies and textbooks. Terms used: sundowning, sundowning syndrome, & 
sundown. Initial search resulted in 207 citations, 47 studies met criteria 
for non-pharmacological (22 studies) and pharmacological (25 studies) 
interventions. Result: Non-pharmacological interventions include exposure to 
bright light therapy (12 studies), and environmental or behavioral 
modification such as music, aromatherapy, decreasing noisy background, and 
caregiver education (10 studies). Pharmacological interventions include 
melatonin, benzodiazepines, acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), and 
atypical antipsychotics. Use of melatonin (17 studies) were studied ranging 
from 3 mg to 10 mg X 10 days to 35 months; patients showed decrease in 
agitation behaviors, with longer treatment showing marked improvement. 
AChEIs (six studies) showed reduction in evening activities and increased in 
daytime activities. Atypical antipsychotics (two studies) were used to 
control acute aggressiveness and disorder behaviors, but long-term 
pharmacotherapy of these drugs may be problematic. Conclusions: Trials using 
melatonin at a dose of 6 mg with at least 4- month follow-up, exposure to 
bright light in the morning and afternoon, and music therapy showed 
improvement in sundowning syndrome. Researches plan to pilot test these 
recommendations to validate these findings, since no multi-interventional 
studies were found.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylcholinesterase
  atypical antipsychotic agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
  cholinesterase inhibitor
  melatonin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  geriatrics
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aggressiveness
  agitation
  aromatherapy
  book
  caregiver
  data base
  diseases
  drug therapy
  education
  evidence based practice
  exposure
  follow up
  health care personnel
  human
  intervention study
  Medline
  music
  music therapy
  patient
  phototherapy
  psychiatric diagnosis
  PsycINFO
  scientist
  systematic review (topic)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12263
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 292
TITLE
  Development and implementation of a student pharmacist-led prescription drug 
abuse prevention and education program in staten Island high schools
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wong T.
  Bui A.
  Wong K.
  Sordo E.
  Kovera C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wong T., twong5@student.touro.edu; Bui A.; Wong K.; Sordo E.; Kovera C.) 
Touro College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Wong, Touro College of Pharmacy, United States. Email: 
twong5@student.touro.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e108-e109). 
Date of Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Prescription drug abuse is an epidemic and serious public health 
issue. Within New York City's five boroughs, abuse of prescription drugs is 
most prevalent on Staten Island. The Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention and 
Education Program (PDAPEP), created and led by student pharmacists and 
mentored by faculty, is designed to address this problem in teenagers. 
PDAPEP's objectives are to use education to decrease and prevent 
prescription drug abuse reported in high schools and to promote peer-topeer 
advocacy. The program does this by focusing on correcting misperceptions, 
empowering audiences, and developing skills to actively resist abusing 
prescription drugs and to report or seek help if needed. Methods: With 
ongoing supervision by the college of pharmacy faculty, student pharmacists 
involved in PDAPEP developed presentations, interactive sessions, and 
informational brochures about prescription drug abuse, and presented in 
classroom-sized groups on scheduled occasions to two Staten Island high 
schools. Motivated students are recruited and trained as ambassadors to 
teach their peers, while PDAPEP faculty teach parents how to exercise 
caution, recognize symptoms, talk to their teens, and participate in drug 
take-back programs. An evidence-based survey of 10 to 15 rating scale 
questions was developed and administered pre-post for each school visit 
(approximately 400 high school students) to measure change in perceptions, 
knowledge, and attitudes. Annual metrics for gauging program effectiveness 
at each school will be available June 2013 and include reports on student 
incidents and requests for help, number of ambassadors trained, number of 
peer-to-peer educational campaigns, and participation in National 
Prescription Drug Take-Back Day events.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  education program
  high school
  human
  island (geological)
  pharmacist
  prevention
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adolescent
  college
  education
  epidemic
  evidence based practice
  exercise
  high school student
  parent
  pharmacy
  program effectiveness
  public health
  rating scale
  school
  skill
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 293
TITLE
  Dextromethorphan abuse: A literature review
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gershman J.A.
  Fass A.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gershman J.A., jennifer.gershman@nova.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 
United States.
(Fass A.D.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Nova 
Southeastern University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.A. Gershman, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Nova 
Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States. Email: 
jennifer.gershman@nova.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Technology (2013) 29:2 (66-71). Date of Publication: 
March-April 2013
ISSN
  8755-1225
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To review dextromethorphan abuse patterns from 2002-2012 and 
emphasize the pharmacist's role in prevention, education, and sales 
surveillance. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted through PubMed 
(2002-November 2012), EMBASE (2002-November 2012), and International 
Pharmaceutical Abstracts (2002-November 2012), using the search term 
dextromethorphan abuse. The Drug Enforcement Administration and National 
Association of Boards of Pharmacy websites were searched for 
dextromethorphan abuse and legislative updates. The search was limited to a 
10-year period to identify the most current case reports and studies. Study 
Selection and Data Extraction: The limits used were studies/case reports 
evaluating humans and published in the English language. Only studies and 
case reports that assessed dextromethorphan abuse were included in the 
review. Eight studies and 9 case reports met the inclusion criteria. Data 
Synthesis: Case reports and studies demonstrate that there are patterns 
associated with dextromethorphan abuse. A study using data reported to the 
National Poison Data System identified Coricidin as the most (65.5%) 
commonly abused dextromethorphan product until 2006; its abuse has decreased 
since that time (p < 0.0001). The most common abuse effects and toxicities 
cited in studies and case reports include agitation, confusion, central 
nervous system depression, tachycardia, hypertension, lethargy, psychosis, 
hallucinations, mydriasis, dizziness, and cardiotoxicity. One study 
identified that 96% of samples tested positive for other substances in 
addition to dextromethorphan. Coingestion of other substances is also common 
among dextromethorphan abusers. Conclusions: Case reports and studies 
demonstrate that there are patterns associated with dextromethorphan abuse. 
It is difficult to identify dextromethorphan as the causative agent of abuse 
effects because of coingestion of other substances. Studies should examine 
the pharmacist's role and the association between dextromethorphan sales 
restrictions and abuse patterns. © 1985-2013 Harvey Whitney Books Co. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dextromethorphan (adverse drug reaction, drug toxicity)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction (side effect)
  agitation
  central nervous system depression
  coma (side effect)
  confusion (side effect)
  cross-sectional study
  drug half life
  drug surveillance program
  dyskinesia (side effect)
  dystonia (side effect)
  fatigue (side effect)
  hallucination (side effect)
  health education
  heart arrest (side effect)
  human
  hypertension (side effect)
  lethargy (side effect)
  mydriasis (side effect)
  myoclonus (side effect)
  nystagmus (side effect)
  pharmacist
  prevalence
  psychosis (side effect)
  QT prolongation (side effect)
  respiratory arrest (side effect)
  retrospective study
  review
  seizure (side effect)
  serotonin syndrome (side effect)
  sex difference
  side effect (side effect)
  sweating
  tachycardia (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  dextromethorphan (125-69-9, 125-71-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013355346
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 294
TITLE
  Pharmacological cognitive enhancement for work, school, and play 
implications for life, learning, and practice.
AUTHOR NAMES
  O'Malley P.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (O'Malley P.A.) Center of Nursing Excellence, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, 
OH 45409, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.A. O'Malley, Center of Nursing Excellence, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, 
OH 45409, USA. Email: pomalley@mvh.org
SOURCE
  Clinical nurse specialist CNS (2013) 27:2 (67-70). Date of Publication: 2013 
Mar-Apr
ISSN
  1538-9782 (electronic)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nootropic agent (drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  bioethics
  evidence based practice
  forecasting
  human
  learning
  psychological aspect
  recreation
  school
  work
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23392062 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392062)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 295
TITLE
  Knowledge and beliefs regarding prescription drug abuse among male, 
undergraduate college students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pugh A.
  Murphy B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pugh A., ashley.pugh@my.uu.edu; Murphy B.) Union University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Pugh, Union University, United States. Email: ashley.pugh@my.uu.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e109). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the effect of an 
educational intervention on knowledge and beliefs regarding prescription 
drug abuse among a group of male, undergraduate college students. Methods: 
Prescription drug abuse is a growing problem in the United States, and 
college-aged individuals are particularly affected by this problem. Among 
young adults aged 18 to 25 years old, abuse of prescription drugs ranks 
ahead of all illicit drugs except marijuana. Because of the prevalence of 
drug abuse among college-aged individuals, a student pharmacist collaborated 
with two undergraduate fraternal organizations on the campus of a small, 
private, religiously affiliated university. Both of the social fraternities 
were visited during their regular meeting times and were provided with a 
30-minute presentation focused specifically on misuse and abuse of 
prescription medications among college-aged students. The two presentations 
took place consecutively on the same evening for the purpose of not 
influencing pre-test results. To assess the effect of this educational 
intervention on awareness of prescription drug abuse, a survey was developed 
with five questions assessing beliefs, seven questions assessing knowledge 
about prescription drug abuse, and three questions collecting demographic 
information. This survey was administered in paper format to each 
participant immediately prior to the educational intervention, and an 
identical survey was administered immediately following the presentation. 
Pre-post surveys were matched using numerical codes. Differences in 
knowledge and beliefs before and after the presentation, as assessed by the 
pre-test and post-test, will be evaluated using the paired t test, with an 
alpha of 0.05. Results of this study will be used to develop future student 
pharmacist-directed interventions regarding prescription drug abuse that 
will effectively impact this important population. The study design was 
granted approval by the university's institutional review board.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prescription drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabis
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college student
  drug abuse
  human
  male
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  college
  drug therapy
  institutional review
  organization
  pharmacist
  population
  prescription
  prevalence
  student
  Student t test
  study design
  United States
  university
  young adult
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 296
TITLE
  Perceptions of New York pharmacists toward the modernization of the state 
prescription drug monitoring program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Weiland A.
  Wrobel M.
  McEvoy A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Weiland A., aweiland87@gmail.com; McEvoy A.) Middleport Family Health 
Center, United States.
(Wrobel M.) State University of New York, Buffalo, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Weiland, Middleport Family Health Center, United States. Email: 
aweiland87@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e50). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess pharmacists' 
perceptions of a real-time prescription drug monitoring registry and its 
effects on overprescribing and controlled substance abuse in New York State. 
Secondary objectives include assessing pharmacists' willingness and 
perceived barriers to using the system and their opinions on the 
reclassification of hydrocodone as a Schedule II controlled substance. 
Methods: This survey will begin by contacting the six fully accredited 
schools of pharmacy within New York State to obtain a list of e-mail 
addresses of alumni. This list will be used for a recruitment e-mail to be 
sent inviting participants to complete a 15-question anonymous electronic 
survey. The survey will be checked for clarity by a focus group of 
out-of-state pharmacists and will be adjusted based on input. SurveyMonkey 
will be used to distribute, collect, and analyze survey responses. 
Participants will use a Likerttype scale to answer the questions where 1 is 
“strongly disagree” and 7 is “strongly agree.” Questions to be answered in 
the survey are based on knowledge of the changes being made in the 
prescription drug monitoring program, the changes that will occur in their 
practice, and the overall effectiveness of the changes.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prescription drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  controlled substance
  hydrocodone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  human
  pharmacist
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alumnus
  drug monitoring
  e-mail
  information processing
  pharmacy
  register
  school
  substance abuse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 297
TITLE
  Relationships among neurocognitive status, medication adherence measured by 
pharmacy refill records, and virologic suppression in HIV-infected persons
AUTHOR NAMES
  Andrade A.S.A.
  Deutsch R.
  Celano S.A.
  Duarte N.A.
  Marcotte T.D.
  Umlauf A.
  Atkinson J.H.
  McCutchan J.A.
  Franklin D.
  Alexander T.J.
  Mcarthur J.C.
  Marra C.
  Grant I.
  Collier A.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Andrade A.S.A.; Celano S.A.) Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious 
Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Deutsch R.; Duarte N.A.; Marcotte T.D.; Umlauf A.; Atkinson J.H.; McCutchan 
J.A.; Franklin D.; Alexander T.J.; Grant I.) HIV Neurobehavioral Research 
Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
(Atkinson J.H.) VA San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, San 
Diego, CA, United States.
(Mcarthur J.C.) Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 
Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Marra C.; Collier A.C.) Harborview Medical Center, School of Medicine, 
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.S.A. Andrade, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (2013) 62:3 (282-292). Date 
of Publication: 1 Mar 2013
ISSN
  1525-4135
  1077-9450 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street,P O Box 327, 
Philadelphia, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness depends on 
medication adherence, which is a complex behavior with many contributing 
factors, including neurocognitive function. Pharmacy refill records offer a 
promising and practical tool to assess adherence. Methods: A substudy of the 
CHARTER (CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research) study was 
conducted at the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and the University of 
Washington. Pharmacy refill records were the primary method to measure ART 
adherence, indexed to a "sentinel" drug with the highest central nervous 
system penetration- effectiveness score. Standardized neuromedical, 
neuropsychological, psychiatric, and substance use assessments were 
performed at enrollment and at 6 months. Regression models were used to 
determine factors associated with adherence and relationships between 
adherence and changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA 
concentrations between visits. Results: Among 80 (33 at JHU and 47 at 
University of Washington) participants, the mean adherence score was 86.4%, 
with no difference between sites. In the final multivariable model, better 
neurocognitive function was associated with better adherence, especially 
among participants who were at JHU, male, and HIV infected for a longer 
period of time. Worse performance in working memory tests was associated 
with worse adherence. Better adherence predicted greater decreases in 
cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA between visits. Conclusions: Poorer global 
neurocognitive functioning and deficits in working memory were associated 
with lower adherence defined by a pharmacy refill record measure, suggesting 
that assessments of cognitive function, and working memory in particular, 
may identify patients at risk for poor ART adherence who would benefit from 
adherence support. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anti human immunodeficiency virus agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  virus RNA
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiviral therapy
  cognition
  Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient
  virus inhibition
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  age
  article
  blood level
  cerebrospinal fluid
  comorbidity
  disease duration
  educational status
  ethnic difference
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical record
  mental disease
  observational study
  patient compliance
  pharmacy refill record
  priority journal
  prospective study
  scoring system
  self report
  sex difference
  statistical model
  substance abuse
  treatment duration
  virus load
  working memory
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013249480
MEDLINE PMID
  23202813 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202813)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827ed678
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 298
TITLE
  Impact of student-run medication reconciliation service on the 
identification of drug-related problems
AUTHOR NAMES
  Snodgrass J.
  Schontz M.
  Stewart A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Snodgrass J., joshua.snodgrass15@gmail.com; Schontz M.; Stewart A.) 
Duquesne University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Snodgrass, Duquesne University, United States. Email: 
joshua.snodgrass15@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e55). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: This study seeks to: (1) describe a model of care in which 
student pharmacists are engaged in medication reconciliation services; and 
(2) document the impact of this model on the identification of drug 
therapy-related problems. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective 
study of clinical interventions documented by fourth-year students involved 
in advanced pharmacy practice experiences throughout the course of a 5-week 
required ambulatory care rotation. The rotation site is a health care center 
providing free care to uninsured low-income adults. Medication 
reconciliation is an established pharmacy service at the site, primarily 
conducted by student pharmacists. Students are required to document their 
interventions as part of the learning objectives and educational methods 
used in the rotation. Data were collected from an electronic spreadsheet of 
student interventions from May 2011 to May 2012. Students identified the 
type of intervention using the following categories: Compliance, Appropriate 
Indication, Untreated Indication, Safety, Efficacy, Monitoring, Referral, 
Education, Drug Information, or Other. Documentation also included the type 
of recommendation and the outcome (accepted, rejected, or other). Data 
analysis will include the use of descriptive statistics to report on the 
types and frequencies of clinical interventions documented.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  medication therapy management
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  ambulatory care
  data analysis
  documentation
  drug information
  drug therapy
  education
  electronic spreadsheet
  health care
  hospital department
  learning
  lowest income group
  medically uninsured
  model
  monitoring
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  retrospective study
  safety
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 299
TITLE
  Implementation of medication therapy management recommendations made by 
third-year student pharmacists during community introductory pharmacy 
practice experiences post interprofessional team home visits for older 
adults
AUTHOR NAMES
  Olson L.
  Jacobs S.
  Adams D.
  Bugdalski-Stutrud C.
  Mendez J.
  Bowers C.
  Smith G.
  O'Connell M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Olson L., ci8846@wayne.edu; Jacobs S.; Adams D.; Bugdalski-Stutrud C.; 
Mendez J.; Bowers C.; Smith G.; O'Connell M.) Wayne State University, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Olson, Wayne State University, United States. Email: ci8846@wayne.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e56). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify implementation of 
medication therapy management recommendations made by third-year student 
pharmacists (P3s) for older adults. Methods: P3s conducted medication 
history reviews for older adults during interprofessional team visits; in 
addition to the P3, the team included a secondyear medical student and a 
social work student. Visits were conducted in the patients' homes or other 
location specified by patients. During the initial visits with patients, P3s 
identified drug-related problems (DRP). The DRP recommendations, medication 
calendar, and medication recommendation letter were finalized with a 
pharmacy preceptor. During a second solo visit, P3s explained the materials 
to the older adult. Later, student investigators contacted the older adult 
participants to schedule interviews. Student investigators captured 
implementation data for each DRP recommendation. Each DRP was assigned a 
pharmaceutical care category, product type, and therapeutic class (based on 
American Hospital Formulary Service categories). Each older adult received a 
$10 gift card for participating. Nonparametric statistics were used to 
summarize data. The institutional review board approved this research. 
Results: The 35 older adult participants were 65 to 94 years of age. Many of 
the older adults (57%) discussed the DRP recommendations with their 
physician. The older adults implemented 60% of the 365 recommendations (9 ± 
6.4 average number of recommendations per participant [range 2-38]). 
Recommendation implementation rates by DRP pharmaceutical care category were 
85% of medication adherence issues (49/58), 80% of lifestyle management 
(48/60), 67% of patient education (12/18), 58% of monitoring (42/72), 52% of 
cost-lowering strategies (11/21), 46% of benefit/adverse drug reactions 
(41/90), and 33% of immunizations (15/45). The highest rate of DRP 
implementation by medication type was with nutritional supplements (74%, 
17/23), followed by prescription drugs (62%, 80/130), and over-the-counter 
drugs (55%, 12/22). Implementation of nondrug recommendations was 66% 
(93/141). Conclusion: Student pharmacists contributed to the health of older 
adults by identifying and recommending solutions to DRPs. The older adults 
found value in the recommendations as shown by a relatively high 
implementation rate (60%).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  non prescription drug
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  community
  human
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  professional practice
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug therapy
  health
  immunization
  institutional review
  interview
  lifestyle
  medical student
  medication compliance
  monitoring
  nonparametric test
  patient
  patient education
  pharmaceutical care
  physician
  publication
  social work student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 300
TITLE
  Older adult satisfaction with third-year student pharmacists during a 
community introductory pharmacy practice experience at an interprofessional 
older adult home visit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Olson L.
  Adams D.
  Jacobs S.
  O'Connell M.
  Mendez J.
  Bowers C.
  Smith G.
  Bugdalski-Stutrud C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Olson L., ci8846@wayne.edu; Adams D.; Jacobs S.; O'Connell M.; Mendez J.; 
Bowers C.; Smith G.; Bugdalski-Stutrud C.) Wayne State University, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Olson, Wayne State University, United States. Email: ci8846@wayne.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e57). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to determine older adult 
satisfaction with the medication therapy management (MTM) assignment of the 
Interprofessional Older Adult Home Visit, which is a component of the 
third-year (P3) community introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPE). 
Methods: P3 student pharmacists performed MTM reviews with older adults over 
two visits. During visit 1, P3s obtained a comprehensive medication history 
from the older adult. P3s identified and resolved drug-related problems 
(DRP), created medication calendars, and finalized the recommendation 
patient letter with a pharmacy preceptor; on visit 2, P3s explained the 
materials to the older adult. A satisfaction survey was created after 
reviewing other pharmacy service satisfaction surveys. The survey covered P3 
professionalism, recommendation quality, reasons older adults could not 
implement the recommendations, and demographics. Student researchers gave 
the older adults the survey during an interview to find out the older 
adults' acceptance level of the students' recommendations. Institutional 
review board approval was granted. Descriptive statistics were used to 
summarize data. Results: Response rate was 56% (35/62). The older adults 
were 76.7 ± 6.5 years old (range 68-94 years) with 70% women, 63% white, and 
31% black. All older adults thought the student pharmacists were 
professional, competent, and showed genuine interest in their health and 
were satisfied with the MTM review. The older adults felt the MTM review 
improved health (91%), quality of life (80%), and medication knowledge 
(97%); and decreased medication costs (53%). All of the recommendations were 
implemented by 37% of the older adults. The main reasons for not 
implementing recommendations were no physician visit pending (18%) and 
physician did not agree for reasons unknown (18%). Seventy-seven percent of 
the older adults reported that they would like a student pharmacist on their 
health care team. Conclusion: Older adults found value and health benefits 
from student pharmacists' MTM recommendations.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  community
  human
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  professional practice
  satisfaction
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug therapy
  female
  health
  health care
  hospital department
  institutional review
  interview
  medication therapy management
  patient
  physician
  professionalism
  quality of life
  scientist
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 301
TITLE
  Pharmacist's role in improving medication safety for patients in an 
allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant ambulatory clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ho L.
  Akada K.
  Messner H.
  Kuruvilla J.
  Wright J.
  Seki J.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ho L., lina.ho@uhn.ca; Akada K.; Seki J.T.) Department of Pharmacy, 
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, 
Canada.
(Messner H.; Kuruvilla J.) Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, 
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, 
Canada.
(Wright J.) Inpatient Rehabilitation Program, Hotel Dieu Shaver Health and 
Rehabilitation Centre, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
(Seki J.T.) Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, 
ON, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Ho, Department of Pharmacy, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University 
Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Email: lina.ho@uhn.ca
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (2013) 66:2 (110-117). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
ISSN
  0008-4123
  1920-2903 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 30 Concourse Gate, Unit 3, Ottawa, 
Canada.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell 
transplantation (allo-HCT), supported by complex drug regimens, are 
vulnerable to drug therapy problems (DTPs) at interfaces of care after 
discharge from hospital and may benefit from timely pharmacy interventions 
and education. Objective: To determine the effect on medication safety of, 
as well as potential barriers to, incorporating a pharmacist in the 
multidisciplinary team of an allo-HCT clinic. Methods: Two pharmacists 
rotated to attend the allo-HCT clinic of a tertiary care, 
university-affiliated cancer centre between January and June 2010 (coverage 
for 1 of 3 clinic days per week). For every patient who was seen by a 
pharmacist, all discharge medications were reconciled from the inpatient 
ward to the clinic. The pharmacists' primary task was to perform medication 
reconciliation and to identify and resolve DTPs. The pharmacists also 
provided medication education to patients and pharmacy consultations to 
clinic staff. Working with the outpatient pharmacy, the pharmacists helped 
to clarify prescriptions and drug coverage issues. Medication discrepancies 
identified and interventions performed by the pharmacists were recorded and 
were later graded for clinical significance by a panel of clinicians. 
Patient and staff satisfaction surveys were conducted at random during the 
study period. Barriers to the flow of patient care and other operational 
issues were documented. Results: The 2 pharmacists saw a total of 35 
patients over 100 visits. They identified a total of 50 medication 
discrepancies involving 17 (49%) of the patients and 70 DTPs involving 23 
(66%) of the patients. Thirty-one of the 70 DTPs resulted directly from a 
medication discrepancy. Twenty (95%) of the 21 unintentional medication 
discrepancies and 7 (70%) of the 10 undocumented intentional medication 
discrepancies were graded as clinically significant or moderately 
significant. Satisfaction surveys completed by patients and clinic staff 
yielded positive responses supporting pharmacists' participation. 
Conclusions: Pharmacists working as part of the multidisciplinary team 
identified and resolved medication discrepancies, thereby improving 
medication safety at the allo-HCT clinic.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aciclovir
  bisphosphonic acid derivative
  cyclosporin
  ganciclovir
  lorazepam
  phenytoin
  posaconazole
  vancomycin (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  patient safety
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical article
  consultation
  drug safety
  drug treatment failure
  drug withdrawal
  hospital discharge
  human
  medication error
  nephrotoxicity (side effect)
  outpatient department
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacist
  prescription
  professional practice
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aciclovir (59277-89-3)
  cyclosporin (79217-60-0)
  ganciclovir (82410-32-0)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  posaconazole (171228-49-2)
  vancomycin (1404-90-6, 1404-93-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Hematology (25)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013763261
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 302
TITLE
  Implementation of a community pharmacy comprehensive medication review 
program in the workplace setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brittain K.
  Meadowcraft L.
  Melody K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brittain K., brittain@musc.edu; Meadowcraft L.) South Carolina College of 
Pharmacy, United States.
(Melody K.) University of the Sciences, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Brittain, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, United States. Email: 
brittain@musc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e64). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objectives of this study are to: (1) demonstrate the impact 
of a community pharmacist-run comprehensive medication review (CMR) program 
in the workplace setting; and (2) identify the type of interventions 
commonly made in a CMR program in the workplace setting. Methods: The CMR 
program used the framework for medication therapy management services 
developed by the American Pharmacists Association and the National 
Association of Chain Drug Stores Foundation. Patients (employees, spouses, 
and dependents) aged 18 years and older, taking one or more prescription 
and/or nonprescription medications, were eligible to have a pharmacist 
and/or community pharmacy resident conduct a CMR. During the CMR, 
medications were reconciled, reviewed, and evaluated to identify and address 
drug therapy problems including underutilization, overutilization, adverse 
drug reactions, drug-drug or drug-disease interactions, inappropriate 
therapy, duplicate therapy, insufficient dose or duration, excessive dose or 
duration, needs additional therapy, and cost-saving opportunities. Results: 
A total of 37 patients (73% male; 65% African American, 27% white; average 
age 52 years) participated in a CMR. The participants had an average of 
three disease states and took an average of seven medications. The 
pharmacists recorded 169 interventions, which averaged 4.5 per patient, with 
the most common type of intervention being needs additional therapy (24%) 
followed by cost savings (21%). Conclusion: The pharmacist team made many 
recommendations to enhance the patients' drug therapy. Although, 21% of the 
interventions were related to cost savings, suggesting that medication costs 
may decrease, the pharmacists also identified 40 interventions indicating 
need for additional therapy. Therefore, the effect of the CMR on cost 
savings cannot easily be concluded. While the pharmacists were able to make 
interventions, additional data were not collected including health-related 
cost information from employers. These data would be helpful to further 
identify how interventions and therefore the CMR program could impact their 
financial situation. Additionally, the small sample size makes data analysis 
difficult.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  pharmacy
  workplace
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  African American
  cost control
  data analysis
  drug induced disease
  employee
  employer
  health
  human
  male
  medication therapy management
  non profit organization
  patient
  pharmacist
  prescription
  sample size
  spouse
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 303
TITLE
  Telephonic follow-up to assess adherence in patients prescribed new 
maintenance medications
AUTHOR NAMES
  Krinsky D.
  Hendrickson R.
  McCorkindale N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Krinsky D., dkrinsky@neomed.edu; Hendrickson R.; McCorkindale N.) NEOMED, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Krinsky, NEOMED, United States. Email: dkrinsky@neomed.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2013) 53:2 (e15). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Los Angeles, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-01 to 2013-03-04
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objectives of this study are to: (1) evaluate follow-up phone 
call data to assess medication adherence for fiscal year (FY) 2012 and 
determine patient response to therapy; (2) assess medication adherence for 
at least 6 months prior to the call and at least 6 months after the call, 
based on refill dates, for chronic medications; and (3) compare adherence 
data in patients contacted versus those not contact to determine whether the 
phone call from the student pharmacist had an impact. Methods: Each day, the 
pharmacy system generates a printout that lists all patients who received a 
prescription for a new chronic medication 25 days ago. This printout lists 
the patient name, telephone number, medication, directions, prescriber, and 
days supply along with other prescribed medications filled within the last 6 
months. Before the call is made, potential or real drug-therapy problems are 
identified and the list is prioritized. Using this information, NEOMED 
student pharmacists and Giant Eagle pharmacists make at least three attempts 
to talk with the patient to determine if the medication is truly new (or 
possibly a dosage change), response, evaluate for possible adverse effects, 
reinforce the importance of adherence, and answer all questions. For those 
patients in whom response cannot be determined, a note is made to conduct a 
second follow-up call. The patient is contacted, issues are discussed, and 
action steps are noted.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  follow up
  human
  patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  eagle
  medication compliance
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  student
  telephone
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13508
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 304
TITLE
  Health risk screening practices by providers and associated factors among 
university students in hong kong
AUTHOR NAMES
  Abraham A.
  Lau C.-H.
  Wong L.
  Kim J.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Abraham A.; Lau C.-H.; Kim J.H.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong 
Kong.
(Wong L.) Private Practice, Hong Kong.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Abraham, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
SOURCE
  Journal of Adolescent Health (2013) 52:2 SUPPL. 1 (S46). Date of 
Publication: February 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  2013 Annual Meeting of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine, SAHM 
2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Atlanta, GA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-03-13 to 2013-03-16
ISSN
  1054-139X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier USA
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: The prevalence of health issues such as depression, eating 
disorders and internet addiction has increased significantly among teens in 
Hong Kong. Despite the importance of targeted health risk behaviour 
screening and counselling for adolescents on issues such as mental health, 
body image, drug and alcohol use and sexual activity, there is very limited 
information regarding actual screening practices by health providers in Hong 
Kong. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of specific 
screening and counselling practices by providers as well as the associated 
barriers to screening during health visits among university students in Hong 
Kong. Methods: In 2011, a cross sectional study was conducted among 469 
randomly selected incoming medical, nursing, public health and pharmacy 
students to a public university in Hong Kong using a self-administered 
questionnaire. Questionnaires were collected while students attended a 
required health check-up in the university health service. Descriptive 
statistics were generated by SPSS 16.0. Results: The mean age of students 
was 19 years and 66% were female. The majority of students received care in 
the private system (64%) and saw a traditional Western practitioner (75.9%). 
Only 1/2 (49.5%) reported that the visit was conducted in a confidential 
manner. The main reasons for visits were for acute visits (44.8%), followed 
by routine health checks (14.7%) Students reported having problems in the 
last five years with school issues (18.6%), depression (17.1%), body image 
(16.8%), and internet overuse (11.3%). However, providers only infrequently 
asked about school issues (3.2%) depression (4.3%), body image (.9%), and 
internet overuse (2.8%) during encounters. In addition, providers rarely 
asked about sexual activity (.6%), condom use (.4%) and drug/ alcohol use 
(1.3%). Only 2.1% of providers used a written or electronic screening 
questionnaire to ask about health behaviours. The majority of students cited 
that they were comfortable and honest in discussing personal information 
related to dietary habits (80.6%), sleep (77.8%), and depression and stress 
(59.7%) but less so for drug use (39.9%), sexual activity (34.1%) and sexual 
identity (35.8%). Some participants responded (40.9%) that they would feel 
shocked if their provider asked about personal behaviours such as drug use 
or sexual activity when the student visited for a routine URI and nearly 1/2 
(53.7%) did not consider it part of the physician's job to ask about such 
issues. Main barriers reported by students to disclosing personal 
information included feeling ashamed (71%) and fear of disclosure to parents 
(19%). Conclusions: Depression, body image concerns, and internet addiction 
are important health problems among adolescents in Hong Kong. However, 
students in this study were infrequently screened or counselled about these 
issues during visits. Health providers are missing important opportunities 
to provide preventive care. The use of a standardized written or electronic 
screening questionnaire could be a useful adjunct to current care. In 
addition, a more comprehensive approach which is confidential and culturally 
appropriate should be adopted to improve the health of adolescents and young 
adults in Hong Kong.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adolescent health
  health hazard
  Hong Kong
  human
  screening
  society
  university student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  alcohol consumption
  body image
  condom
  counseling
  cross-sectional study
  drug use
  eating disorder
  fear
  female
  gender identity
  habit
  health
  health behavior
  health service
  Internet
  internet addiction
  mental health
  nursing
  parent
  pharmacy student
  physician
  prevalence
  public health
  questionnaire
  school
  sexual behavior
  sleep
  statistics
  student
  university
  work
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.10.109
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 305
TITLE
  Survey on the attitudes of pharmacy students in Japan toward doping and 
supplement intake
AUTHOR NAMES
  Saito Y.
  Kasashi K.
  Yoshiyama Y.
  Fukushima N.
  Kawagishi T.
  Yamada T.
  Iseki K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Saito Y.; Kasashi K.; Kawagishi T.; Yamada T.; Iseki K., 
ken-i@pharm.hokudai.ac.jp) Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University 
Hospital, Kita 14-jo, Nishi 5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
(Yoshiyama Y.) Division of Community Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy 
and Clinical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, 
Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
(Fukushima N.) Division of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, 
Japan.
(Iseki K., ken-i@pharm.hokudai.ac.jp) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics 
and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, 
Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Iseki, Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14-jo, 
Nishi 5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan. Email: 
ken-i@pharm.hokudai.ac.jp
SOURCE
  Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2013) 36:2 (305-310). Date of 
Publication: February 2013
ISSN
  0918-6158
  1347-5215 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 
Japan.
ABSTRACT
  Doping is one of the most serious problems for athletes, and it is important 
that pharmacists have more interaction with athletes to ensure safer drug 
usage. Education is one of the most important roles of sports pharmacists, 
who are specialists regarding drug usage for athletes. We investigated 
pharmacy students' interests and comprehension regarding drug usage, doping 
and supplement intake by using the form of a questionnaire, since it is 
important to know how they understand these subjects as part of their 
greater educational program. The subjects were sophomore and junior pharmacy 
students at three universities. It was revealed that most of the students 
have negative images regarding doping violation, and they answered that they 
are familiar with doping. However, only sixteen percent of the students had 
attended lectures by specialists on doping. In addition, one third of 
pharmacy students did not know that some over-the-counter (OTC) drugs might 
contain doping substances. With regard to supplement intake, approximately 
two thirds of the respondents had an interest in and positive image of 
supplement intake. However, it was revealed that only one third of them 
recognized supplements as food, and their information regarding supplements 
was obtained from uncertain media. It was suggested that it is important for 
pharmacy students to have more opportunities to learn about what doping is. 
More education and enlightenment by sports pharmacists would be effective 
for pharmacy students as well as athletes, and it would help us to broaden 
the scope of what we can do for athletes and society. © 2013 The 
Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  doping
  student attitude
  supplementation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  awareness
  drug use
  female
  human
  Japan
  male
  medical education
  pharmacy student
  questionnaire
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013117915
MEDLINE PMID
  23370359 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23370359)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b12-00315
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 306
TITLE
  Health promotion and public engagement: An alternative to the traditional 
final year project
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hall J.
  Hughes J.
  Parmar H.
  Rhodes M.
  Crabtree V.
  Smith I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hall J.; Hughes J., jenny.k.hughes@manchester.ac.uk; Parmar H.; Rhodes M.; 
Crabtree V.; Smith I.) University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Hughes, University of Manchester, United Kingdom. Email: 
jenny.k.hughes@manchester.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Education (2013) 13:1 (108-109). Date of Publication: 2013
CONFERENCE NAME
  Monash Pharmacy Education Symposium 2013
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Prato, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2013-07-08 to 2013-07-10
ISSN
  1560-2214
BOOK PUBLISHER
  International Pharmaceutical Federation
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Pharmacy undergraduate students must demonstrate a systematic 
and critical awareness of current knowledge and bring originality to their 
application of this knowledge.(GPhC, 2011) In the past, this has been 
achieved by students completing traditional research projects but the task 
of finding meaningful individual project titles and supervising these is 
becoming more challenging with increasing student numbers. This abstract 
describes work in progress as we attempt to achieve the above learning 
outcomes supervising student-led health promotion initiatives. Methods: 
Eight groups of final year pharmacy students selected their own area of 
health promotion. Students individually conducted a literature review on 
their chosen area. Systematic and critical awareness was assessed. Each 
group of students planned and carried out two separate health promotion 
events and the originality in application was assessed via a self-reflection 
diary they completed during the events. The student reports will be graded 
using the standard project grading form. Results: The topics selected by the 
students were: smoking cessation, asthma, substance abuse, cardiovascular 
disease, HIV infection, alcohol, and cancer awareness. The health promotion 
events included displays in train stations, shopping centres, and the 
students' union. Compared with previous projects, the staff supervising 
these projects found the students engaged more fully with the activities and 
they demonstrated high levels of originality in their execution of the 
health promotion events. Conclusion: Upon completion, the work will be 
evaluated by ascertaining staff and students' views on their experience and 
investigating student achievement of the learning objectives.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  health promotion
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  asthma
  cardiovascular disease
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection
  learning
  neoplasm
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  shopping
  smoking cessation
  student
  substance abuse
  undergraduate student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 307
TITLE
  Opinions and experiences of Indiana pharmacists and student pharmacists: The 
need for addiction and substance abuse education in the United States
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wenthur C.J.
  Cross B.S.
  Vernon V.P.
  Shelly J.L.
  Harth B.N.
  Lienhoop A.D.
  Madison N.R.
  Murawski M.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wenthur C.J.) Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of 
Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
(Cross B.S.) Saint Mary's Health Care, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
(Vernon V.P.) Richard L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
(Shelly J.L.) Division of Pharmacy Practice and Experiential Education, 
University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 
United States.
(Harth B.N.) Werner Drug Store, Tell City, IN, United States.
(Lienhoop A.D.) Kroger Pharmacy, Columbus, IN, United States.
(Madison N.R.) Affiliate Faculty, Purdue University, College of 
Pharmacy/Kroger Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
(Murawski M.M., murawski@purdue.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue 
University, College of Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 
47907, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.M. Murawski, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University, College 
of Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United 
States. Email: murawski@purdue.edu
SOURCE
  Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy (2013) 9:1 (90-100). Date of 
Publication: January 2013
ISSN
  1551-7411
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Substance abuse and addiction are growing public health 
problems. Pharmacists are potentially in a position to be of great 
assistance in ameliorating these threats yet might not be receiving the 
education and training to do so effectively. Objective: To assess the 
relative perceived importance of substance abuse topics in pharmacy 
education among student pharmacists and pharmacy practitioners in the state 
of Indiana. Methods: Questionnaires were administered in class to students 
at Purdue University College of Pharmacy and via direct mail to the home 
addresses of randomly selected licensed Indiana pharmacists in 2009 to 
elicit information on the relevance and interest for particular topics 
within addiction education, prior education received regarding addiction, 
and the frequency of professional interactions that involved addiction. 
Results: Three hundred fifty students (74%) and 625 pharmacists (26%) 
responded to the survey. The average interest across all surveyed topics was 
3.18/4.00 for students and 3.47/4.00 for practitioners. Areas rated highly 
by both groups included withdrawal, pain management, and recognition of 
signs and symptoms of addiction in patients. Qualitative responses from 
practitioners suggest strong interest in further education in this area and 
a perceived need for increased educational exposure during the student 
pharmacist experience. The average pharmacist respondent spent 6.94% of the 
time dealing with people who were addicted, and 22.2% had independent 
addiction education. Conclusions: Pharmacists and pharmacy student 
respondents overwhelmingly felt that educational preparation in this area is 
important. A significant portion of time in practice is spent managing 
addiction-related issues, and further educational opportunities are being 
pursued beyond graduation to fulfill the educational needs of the 
practitioner respondents. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  curriculum
  health personnel attitude
  human
  organization and management
  professional standard
  psychological aspect
  questionnaire
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22695219 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22695219)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.03.003
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 308
TITLE
  Interdisciplinary education in the addictions: a commentary on the current 
status
AUTHOR NAMES
  Murphy S.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Murphy S.A.) University of Washington, Seattle
SOURCE
  Journal of addictions nursing (2013) 24:1 (4-7). Date of Publication: 2013 
Jan-Mar
ISSN
  1548-7148 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Educating doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists, and social workers in a 
shared, patient-centered curriculum, let alone in the same classrooms and 
clinics, would appear impractical at best and as an insurmountable task at 
worst. Nonetheless, this novel idea is being implemented. This article 
traces the concept's development. The proceedings of three national 
conferences held in 2010 and 2011 are briefly summarized. Several model 
programs are described. Interdisciplinary education in the addictions is in 
the early phases. Alternative and complementary forms of health care show 
less progress in interprofessional education. Two concerns are noted. These 
pertain to the timing of implementation and budget considerations.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  interdisciplinary education
  procedures
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction (therapy)
  human
  patient care
  public relations
  vocational education
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24622524 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622524)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0b013e31828767b7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 309
TITLE
  Effects of academic service learning in drug misuse and addiction on 
students' learning preferences and attitudes toward harm reduction.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kabli N.
  Liu B.
  Seifert T.
  Arnot M.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kabli N.) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 
Ontario, Canada.
(Liu B.; Seifert T.; Arnot M.I.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Kabli,
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2013) 77:3. Date of 
Publication: 12 Apr 2013
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE. To examine academic service-learning pedagogy on student learning 
and perceptions of drug misuse and addiction. DESIGN. Third- and fourth-year 
pharmacology students were exposed to an academic service-learning pedagogy 
that integrated a community service experience with lectures, in-class 
discussions and debates, group projects, a final paper, and an examination. 
Reflective writing assignments throughout the course required students to 
assimilate and apply what they had learned in the classroom to what they 
learned in their community placement. ASSESSMENT. Changes in students' 
responses on pre- and post-course survey instruments reflected shifts toward 
higher-order thinking. Also, subjective student-learning modalities shifted 
toward learning by writing. Students' perspectives and attitudes allowed 
improved context of issues associated with drug misuse and harm reduction 
models. CONCLUSION. Academic service-learning pedagogy contributes to 
developing adaptable, well-rounded, engaged learners who become more 
compassionate and pragmatic in addressing scientific and social questions 
relating to drug addiction.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (therapy)
  harm reduction
  health personnel attitude
  learning
  pharmacy student
  social welfare
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  decision making
  drug dependence
  human
  information processing
  methodology
  pharmacology
  psychological aspect
  Service-learning
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23610481 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23610481)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 310
TITLE
  Professional development: Students' perceptions of an immersion elective in 
substance abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Richard M.D.
  Brahm N.C.
  Davis T.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Richard M.D.) University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, OK, 
United States.
(Brahm N.C., nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu; Davis T.S.) University of Oklahoma, 
College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice: Clinical and 
Administrative Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States.
(Richard M.D.) Veterans Administration Hospital, Salem, VA, United States.
(Richard M.D.) Clinical Pharmacist, Lufkin State Supported Living Center, 
6844U.S.69, Pollok, TX, United States.
(Davis T.S.) Business Teacher Education, Illinois State University, 
Department of Marketing, Normal, IL, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.C. Brahm, University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Department of 
Pharmacy Practice: Clinical and Administrative Sciences, 4502 E, 41st 
Street, Tulsa, OK 74135-2512, United States. Email: nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2013) 5:1 (54-61). Date of 
Publication: January 2013
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: Persons facing substance abuse and addiction are ubiquitous in 
all areas of pharmacy practice. Some colleges of pharmacy (COP) do not 
report didactic coursework in substance abuse. An off-site elective was 
developed to offer students an experience in immersion learning on this 
topic. The elective objectives were (1) to facilitate professional pharmacy 
student development by challenging student perceptions of people regarding 
addiction and substance abuse concerns and (2) to elicit input on the course 
structure and activities to improve entry-level pharmacist preparation. 
Participation in the second goal was optional. Methods: Eleven pharmacy 
students participated. Surveys and on-site student reports were evaluated 
for common themes of student learning and substance abuse knowledge. This 
project maintained participant anonymity and was approved by the 
University's institutional review board. Results: The most common 
self-reported experience was recognizing addiction as a disease. Secondly, 
students reported increased knowledge in the following areas: healthcare 
provider risk, disease prevention, and treatment options for impaired 
healthcare professionals. Students included personal reflections on the 
entire experience, assigned personal goals for service delivery, considered 
this education essential for adequate pharmacist preparation, self-reported 
changes in knowledge and understanding of substance abuse and addiction 
following completion of the elective, reported the experience would 
influence their practice as pharmacists, and opined more students should 
have access to this educational experience. Conclusion: Pilot study data 
supported substance abuse education inclusion in core curricula. COPs are 
encouraged to use published curriculum guidelines as a road map for 
development. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  immersion
  learning
  professional development
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical article
  clinical practice
  college student
  course content
  female
  health survey
  human
  knowledge
  male
  perception
  personal experience
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  social participation
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013040283
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2012.09.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 311
TITLE
  A virtual patient software program to improve pharmacy student learning in a 
comprehensive disease management course.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Douglass M.A.
  Casale J.P.
  Skirvin J.A.
  DiVall M.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Douglass M.A.) Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, 
Massachusetts.
(Casale J.P.; Skirvin J.A.; DiVall M.V.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.A. Douglass,
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2013) 77:8 (172). Date of 
Publication: 14 Oct 2013
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To implement and assess the impact of a virtual patient pilot program on 
pharmacy students' clinical competence skills. Pharmacy students completed 
interactive software-based patient case scenarios embedded with drug-therapy 
problems as part of a course requirement at the end of their third year. 
Assessments included drug-therapy problem competency achievement, 
performance on a pretest and posttest, and pilot evaluation survey 
instrument. Significant improvements in students' posttest scores 
demonstrated advancement of clinical skills involving drug-therapy problem 
solving. Students agreed that completing the pilot program improved their 
chronic disease management skills and the program summarized the course 
series well. Using virtual patient technology allowed for assessment of 
student competencies and improved learning outcomes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  computer program
  disease management
  education
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical competence
  clinical skills
  human
  learning
  learning outcomes
  simulation
  virtual patient
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  24159213 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159213)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 312
TITLE
  Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: Perceived treatment barriers and 
action strategies among veterans health administration service providers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Harris A.H.S.
  Ellerbe L.
  Rachelle N.
  Bowe T.
  Gordon A.J.
  Hagedorn H.
  Oliva E.
  Lembke A.
  Kivlahan D.
  Trafton J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Harris A.H.S., Alexander.Harris2@va.gov; Ellerbe L.; Rachelle N.; Bowe T.; 
Oliva E.; Trafton J.A.) Center for Health Care Evaluation, Veterans Affairs 
Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Menlo 
Park, CA, United States.
(Gordon A.J.) VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical 
Center, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health 
Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Hagedorn H.) Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs 
Minneapolis Health Care System, VA Minneapolis Health Care System, 
Minneapolis, MN, United States.
(Lembke A.) Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, United States.
(Kivlahan D.) Center of Excellence in Substance Abuse Treatment and 
Education, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of 
Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.H.S. Harris, Email: Alexander.Harris2@va.gov
SOURCE
  Psychological Services (2013) 10:4 (410-419). Date of Publication: November 
2013
ISSN
  1541-1559
ABSTRACT
  Although access to and consideration of pharmacological treatments for 
alcohol dependence are consensusstandards of care, receipt of these 
medications by patients is generally rare and highly variable across 
treatment settings. The goal of the present project was to survey and 
interview the clinicians,managers, and pharmacists affiliated with addiction 
treatment programs within Veterans Health Administration(VHA) facilities to 
learn about their perceptions of barriers and facilitators regarding greater 
andmore reliable consideration of pharmacological treatments for alcohol 
dependence. Fifty-nine participantsfrom 19 high-adopting and 11 low-adopting 
facilities completed the survey (facility-level responserate % 50%) and 23 
participated in a structured interview. The top 4 barriers to increased 
considerationand use of pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence were 
consistent across high- and low-adoptingfacilities and included perceived 
low patient demand, pharmacy procedures or formulary restrictions,lack of 
provider skills or knowledge regarding pharmacotherapy for alcohol 
dependence, and lack ofconfidence in treatment effectiveness. Low patient 
demand was rated as the most important barrier fororal naltrexone and 
disulfiram, whereas pharmacy or formulary restrictions were rated as the 
mostimportant barrier for acamprosate and extended-release naltrexone. The 4 
strategies rated across low- andhigh-adopting facilities as most likely to 
facilitate consideration and use of pharmacotherapy for alcoholdependence 
were more education to patients about existing medications, more education 
to health careproviders about medications, increased involvement of 
physicians in treatment for alcohol dependence,and more compelling research 
on existing medications. This knowledge provides a foundation fordesigning, 
deploying, and evaluating targeted implementation efforts. © 2013 American 
Psychological Association.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acamprosate
  disulfiram (drug therapy)
  drug derivative
  drugs used in the treatment of addiction (drug therapy)
  naltrexone (drug therapy)
  narcotic antagonist (drug therapy)
  taurine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy)
  clinical practice
  drug utilization
  health care delivery
  health personnel attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  attitude to health
  female
  government
  health care survey
  human
  male
  middle aged
  patient preference
  practice guideline
  publication
  qualitative research
  statistics
  United States
  veterans health
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acamprosate (77337-73-6)
  disulfiram (97-77-8)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  taurine (107-35-7)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23356858 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23356858)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030949
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 313
TITLE
  Does recovery-oriented treatment prompt heroin users prematurely into 
detoxification and abstinence programmes? Qualitative study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Neale J.
  Nettleton S.
  Pickering L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Neale J., jneale@brookes.ac.uk) Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford 
Brookes University, Jack Straw's Lane, Marston, Oxford OX3 0FL, United 
Kingdom.
(Nettleton S., sarah.nettleton@york.ac.uk) National Centre in HIV Social 
Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of New South 
Wales, Level 3 John Goodsell Building, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
(Pickering L., Lucy.Pickering@glasgow.ac.uk) Department of Sociology, 
Wentworth College, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United 
Kingdom.
(Neale J., jneale@brookes.ac.uk) School of Social and Political Sciences, 
University of Glasgow, Adam Smith Building, Glasgow G12 8RT, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Neale, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, 
Jack Straw's Lane, Marston, Oxford OX3 0FL, United Kingdom. Email: 
jneale@brookes.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2013) 127:1-3 (163-169). Date of Publication: 1 
Jan 2013
ISSN
  0376-8716
  1879-0046 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd, P.O. Box 85, Limerick, Ireland.
ABSTRACT
  Aims: (i) To consider whether or not recovery-oriented treatment might be 
prompting heroin users prematurely into detoxification and abstinence 
programmes; (ii) to explore the findings with reference to Foucauldian 
theory. Methods: Longitudinal qualitative data comprising 57 audio-recorded 
interviews, which captured heroin users' views and experiences of treatment 
duration. Participants included 30 heroin users (15 men; 15 women) starting 
a new episode of treatment, of whom 27 (14 men; 13 women) were 
re-interviewed after 3 months. Recruitment occurred in community drug 
services, pharmacies and residential treatment settings in Southern England, 
UK. Transcribed data were systematically coded and analysed inductively. 
Findings: All participants wanted to be free from heroin and prescribed 
substitute drugs. Individuals were often impatient with the detoxing process 
and some reduced dosages of substitute medication faster than prescribers 
recommended, occasioning cross addiction and relapse. Previously 
unsuccessful rapid detoxifications induced slower recovery attempts. 
Participation in residential rehabilitation facilitated client realisation 
that recovery required time and effort. Conclusions: Recovery-oriented 
treatment can prompt heroin users prematurely into detoxification and 
abstinence programmes with negative consequences. The desire to detoxify 
quickly can be interpreted through Foucault's concepts of 'self-governance' 
and 'resistance;' heroin users' participation in decision-making processes 
reflects notions of 'agency;' and clients' willingness to adopt longer 
approaches to recovery following past negative detoxification experiences 
and exposure to residential rehabilitation confirms their commitment to be 
'well.' The experiential knowledge of heroin users who have personally 
attempted recovery is a crucial resource for both those contemplating their 
own recovery and those advocating recovery-oriented services. © 2012 
Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine
  buprenorphine
  cocaine
  diamorphine
  methadone
  methamphetamine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug detoxification
  drug withdrawal
  health program
  heroin dependence (rehabilitation, therapy)
  recovery oriented treatment
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical article
  decision making
  drug dependence treatment
  female
  health service
  human
  knowledge
  longitudinal study
  male
  opiate substitution treatment
  outcome assessment
  priority journal
  qualitative research
  relapse
  treatment duration
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012729734
MEDLINE PMID
  22809895 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22809895)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.030
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 314
TITLE
  Mannequin-simulator as a new teaching and learning method in 
performance-based pharmacotherapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Makmor-Bakry M.
  Azmi N.
  Ali A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Makmor-Bakry M., mohdcp@medic.ukm.my; Azmi N.; Ali A.M.) Universiti 
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, 
Malaysia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Makmor-Bakry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 
50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Email: mohdcp@medic.ukm.my
SOURCE
  Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (2013) 47:3 (1-5). 
Date of Publication: Jul-Sep
ISSN
  0019-5464
ABSTRACT
  Introduction:Active learning approach is deemed to be important for 
performance-based education. Aims:Objectives of this study were to report 
experience in employing a mannequin-based case assessment of pharmacotherapy 
for pharmacy students and to seek students' opinion on the usefulness of 
this approach. Methods: Students were exposed to a standardised heart 
failure case using mannequin-simulator and were asked to evaluate the 
medication prescribed and to manage any drug related problems. Performance 
grade of the students was evaluated based on participation and a written 
report. A cross-sectional survey was utilised to identify the students' 
perception on the simulation experience. The survey consisted of six 
statements related to the simulation and three statements related to the 
clinical pharmacy and pharmacotherapy. Results:A total of 81 students 
completed the survey. The median grade for the cohort was seven out of ten 
marks. Before exposure to the session, 86.4% of the students agreed that 
clinical pharmacy is interesting, only 29.6% of the students agreed that 
pharmacotherapy is easy to learn and 60.5% of the cohort agreed they are 
confident to provide clinical pharmacy services. After exposure to the 
session, 82.7% of the students agreed that the session has enhanced their 
interest in pharmacotherapy, 91% of the cohort agreed that this simulation 
provided an opportunity to utilise their theoretical knowledge, 79% of the 
students stated the experience has developed their skills to solve 
pharmacotherapy related problems. Up to 76.5% of the cohort enjoyed the 
simulation session. Conclusion:The students value mannequin-based 
pharmacotherapy teaching and learning as effective and interesting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  learning
  mannequin simulator
  performance based education
  simulator
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical competence
  clinical pharmacy
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  drug therapy
  heart failure
  human
  interpersonal communication
  knowledge
  medical education
  pharmacy student
  simulation
  theoretical sample
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014477002
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.47.3.1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 315
TITLE
  Standard Operating Procedures in the Disorders of Orgasm and Ejaculation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mcmahon C.G.
  Jannini E.
  Waldinger M.
  Rowland D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mcmahon C.G., cmcmahon@acsh.com.au) Australian Centre for Sexual Health, 
Sydney, Australia.
(Jannini E.) University of L'Aquila, Endocrinology and Medical Sexology, 
Experimental Medicine, L'Aquila, Italy.
(Waldinger M.) Leyenburg Hospital, Psychiatry and Neurosexology, The Hague, 
Netherlands.
(Rowland D.) Valparaiso University, Psychology, Valparaiso, IN, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.G. Mcmahon, Australian Centre for Sexual Health, Berry Road Medical 
Centre, Suite 2-4, 1a Berry Rd, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. 
Email: cmcmahon@acsh.com.au
SOURCE
  Journal of Sexual Medicine (2013) 10:1 (204-229). Date of Publication: 
January 2013
ISSN
  1743-6095
  1743-6109 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction. Ejaculatory/orgasmic disorders are common male sexual 
dysfunctions and include premature ejaculation (PE), inhibited ejaculation, 
anejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anorgasmia. Aim. To provide 
recommendations and guidelines of the current state-of-the-art knowledge for 
management of ejaculation/orgasmic disorders in men as standard operating 
procedures (SOPs) for the treating health care professional. Methods. The 
International Society of Sexual Medicine Standards Committee assembled over 
30 multidisciplinary experts to establish SOPs for various male and female 
sexual medicine topics. The SOP for the management of disorders of orgasm 
and ejaculation represents the opinion of four experts from four countries 
developed in a process over a 2-year period. Main Outcome Measure. Expert 
opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, limited 
expert opinion, widespread internal committee discussion, public 
presentation, and debate. Results. PE management is largely dependent upon 
etiology. Lifelong PE is best managed with PE pharmacotherapy (selective 
serotonin reuptake inhibitors and/or topical anesthetics). The management of 
acquired PE is etiology specific and may include erectile dysfunction (ED) 
pharmacotherapy in men with comorbid ED. All men seeking treatment for PE 
should receive basic psychosexual education. Graded behavioral therapy is 
indicated when psychogenic or relationship factors are present and is often 
best combined with PE pharmacotherapy in an integrated treatment program. 
Delayed ejaculation, anejaculation, and/or anorgasmia may have a biogenic 
and/or psychogenic etiology. Men with age-related penile hypoanesthesia 
should be educated, reassured, and instructed in revised sexual techniques 
which maximize arousal. Retrograde ejaculation is managed by education, 
patient reassurance, and pharmacotherapy. Conclusions. Additional research 
is required to further the understanding of the disorders of ejaculation and 
orgasm. © 2012 International Society for Sexual Medicine.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (adverse drug reaction, drug combination)
  alfuzosin (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  alpha 1 adrenergic receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  anesthetic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  citalopram (drug therapy)
  clomipramine (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  dapoxetine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug concentration, drug 
interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  EMLA (drug therapy, topical drug administration)
  fluoxetine (drug interaction, drug therapy)
  ketoconazole (drug interaction)
  lidocaine (drug therapy, topical drug administration)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination)
  paroxetine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy)
  phosphodiesterase V inhibitor (drug combination, drug therapy)
  placebo
  prilocaine (drug therapy, topical drug administration)
  serotonin 1A receptor (endogenous compound)
  serotonin 1B receptor (endogenous compound)
  serotonin 1D receptor (endogenous compound)
  serotonin 2C receptor (endogenous compound)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug 
combination, drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
  sildenafil (drug therapy)
  tadalafil (drug therapy)
  tempe
  terazosin (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  testosterone (endogenous compound)
  thiazide diuretic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  tramadol (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  unclassified drug
  unindexed drug
  vardenafil (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ejaculation disorder (side effect, complication, diagnosis, etiology, side 
effect, therapy)
  orgasm disorder (complication, diagnosis, etiology, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agitation
  akathisia (side effect)
  anejaculation (complication, diagnosis, etiology, side effect, therapy)
  anejaculation (side effect)
  anorgasmia (complication, diagnosis, etiology, side effect, therapy)
  anxiety
  article
  attitude to sexuality
  behavior therapy
  classification algorithm
  clinical practice
  comorbidity
  conditioning
  delayed ejaculation (side effect)
  delayed ejaculation (complication, diagnosis, etiology, side effect, 
therapy)
  depersonalization (side effect)
  depression (drug therapy)
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  diagnostic imaging
  diagnostic test
  diarrhea (side effect)
  diet supplementation
  disease association
  disease classification
  dizziness (side effect)
  drug efficacy
  drug withdrawal
  endocrine disease
  erectile dysfunction (drug therapy, side effect)
  fatigue (side effect)
  headache (side effect)
  health belief
  human
  hyperthyroidism
  hypoactive sexual desire disorder (side effect)
  hypomania (side effect)
  iatrogenic disease
  insomnia (side effect)
  intravaginal ejaculation latency time
  irritability
  laboratory test
  male
  male genital system function
  masturbation
  medical history
  medical society
  mental concentration
  nausea (side effect)
  nerve surgery
  neuropathy
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (side effect)
  off label drug use
  paresthesia (side effect)
  pathophysiology
  phase 2 clinical trial (topic)
  phase 3 clinical trial (topic)
  physical examination
  practice guideline
  premature ejaculation (diagnosis, disease management, drug therapy, 
epidemiology, etiology, therapy)
  prevalence
  priapism (side effect)
  priority journal
  prostate disease
  prostate hypertrophy (drug therapy)
  psychodynamics
  psychological aspect
  psychotherapy
  quality of life
  questionnaire
  randomized controlled trial (topic)
  receptor down regulation
  rhinopharyngitis (side effect)
  self stimulation
  serotonin uptake inhibitor withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
  sexual behavior
  sexual counseling
  sexual dysfunction (side effect)
  sexual education
  sexual satisfaction
  side effect (side effect)
  somnolence (side effect)
  suicidal ideation (side effect)
  suicide (side effect)
  suicide attempt (side effect)
  sweating
  tachyphylaxis
  topical anesthesia
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  upper gastrointestinal bleeding (side effect)
  vivid dream (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
  weight gain
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
  yawning
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  aspirin
  tempe  , United Kingdomplethora

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United Kingdom)plethora
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  EMLA (101362-25-8)
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  alfuzosin (81403-68-1, 81403-80-7)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  clomipramine (17321-77-6, 303-49-1)
  dapoxetine (119356-77-3, 129938-20-1)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  ketoconazole (65277-42-1)
  lidocaine (137-58-6, 24847-67-4, 56934-02-2, 73-78-9)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  prilocaine (1786-81-8, 721-50-6)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  sildenafil (139755-83-2)
  tadalafil (171596-29-5)
  terazosin (63074-08-8, 63590-64-7)
  testosterone (58-22-0)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
  vardenafil (224785-90-4, 224785-91-5, 224789-15-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Urology and Nephrology (28)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013064701
MEDLINE PMID
  22970767 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22970767)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02824.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 316
TITLE
  Validity evidence for FASTHUG-MAIDENS, a mnemonic for identifying 
drug-related problems in the intensive care unit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Masson S.C.
  Mabasa V.H.
  Malyuk D.L.
  Perrott J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Masson S.C., sarah.masson@fraserhealth.ca) Abbotsford Regional Hospital, 
32900 Marshall Road, Abbotsford, Canada.
(Mabasa V.H.) Burnaby Hospital, Burnaby, Canada.
(Malyuk D.L.; Perrott J.L.) Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, 
Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.C. Masson, Abbotsford Regional Hospital, 32900 Marshall Road, Abbotsford, 
Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (2013) 66:3 (157-162). Date of 
Publication: 2013
ISSN
  1920-2903 (electronic)
  0008-4123
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, khassan@ cshp.ca
ABSTRACT
  Methods: This randomized, prospective validation study took place between 
January and May 2011 in the ICUs of 4 hospitals: 2 community-level ICUs and 
2 tertiary referral ICUs. Each ICU had a dedicated ICU pharmacist and one or 
more pharmacy residents completing an ICU rotation as part of their pharmacy 
practice residency (total of 6 residents). The 6 pharmacy residents were 
randomly assigned to assess patients admitted to the ICU using 
FASTHUGMAIDENS or standard monitoring practice. The mean proportion of DRPs 
per patient encounter identified by the residents (relative to DRPs 
identified by the ICU pharmacists) was the primary outcome, and the 
proportion of total DRPs identified in each group was assessed as a 
secondary end point.Results: Pharmacy residents using the FASTHUG-MAIDENS 
mnemonic identified a significantly greater mean proportion of DRPs per 
patient encounter (73.2% versus 52.4%, p = 0.008) and a greater proportion 
of total DRPs (77.1% versus 52.5%, p < 0.001) than those assessing patients 
according to standard monitoring practice.Conclusion: In this sample, the 
mnemonic FASTHUG-MAIDENS was a useful tool to facilitate the capture of DRPs 
by pharmacy residents working in the ICU.Background: The mnemonic FASTHUG 
(Feeding, Analgesia, Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head of bed 
elevation, stress Ulcer prophylaxis, Glucose control) was developed by 
intensive care unit (ICU) physicians to ensure that key aspects of care are 
addressed during each patient encounter. Because this tool does not 
specifically target pharmacotherapy assessments, a modified version, 
FASTHUGMAIDENS, was created, by changing the H to mean Hypoactive or 
Hyperactive delirium and adding M for Medication reconciliation; A for 
Antibiotics or Anti-infectives; I for Indications for medications; D for 
drug Dosing; E for Electrolytes, hematology, and other laboratory tests; N 
for No drug interactions, allergies, duplication, or side effects; and S for 
Stop dates.Objective: To validate the use of FASTHUG-MAIDENS as a tool for 
identifying drug-related problems (DRPs) in the ICU.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent (intravenous drug administration, oral drug administration)
  histamine H2 receptor antagonist (intravenous drug administration, oral drug 
administration)
  proton pump inhibitor (intravenous drug administration, oral drug 
administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical assessment tool
  drug induced disease
  FASTHUG MAIDENS
  medication therapy management
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical assessment
  controlled study
  drug monitoring
  hospital admission
  human
  intensive care unit
  laboratory test
  major clinical study
  multicenter study
  outcome assessment
  patient monitoring
  patient referral
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prospective study
  randomized controlled trial
  resident
  validation study
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Internal Medicine (6)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014845862
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 317
TITLE
  Analysis of clinical pharmacist interventions in a tertiary teaching 
hospital in Brazil
AUTHOR NAMES
  Reis W.C.
  Scopel C.T.
  Correr C.J.
  Andrzejevski V.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Reis W.C.; Scopel C.T.; Correr C.J.; Andrzejevski V.M.)
SOURCE
  Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil) (2013) 11:2 (190-196). Date of Publication: 
2013 Apr-Jun
ISSN
  2317-6385 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical pharmacist interventions performed during 
the review of prescription orders of the Adult Intensive Care, Cardiologic 
Intensive Care, and Clinical Cardiology Units of a large tertiary teaching 
hospital in Brazil.METHODS: The analysis took place daily with the following 
parameters: dose, rate of administration, presentation and/or dosage form, 
presence of inappropriate/unnecessary drugs, necessity of additional 
medication, more proper alternative therapies, presence of relevant drug 
interactions, inconsistencies in prescription orders, physical-chemical 
incompatibilities/solution stability. From this evaluation, the drug therapy 
problems were classified, as well as the resulting clinical 
interventions.RESULTS: During the study, a total of 6,438 drug orders were 
assessed and 933 interventions were performed. The most prevalent drug 
therapy problems involved ranitidine (28.44%), enoxaparin (13.76%), and 
meropenem (8.26%). The acceptability of the interventions was 76.32%. The 
most common problem found was related to dose, representing 46.73% of the 
total.CONCLUSION: Our study showed that up to 14.6% of the prescriptions 
reviewed had some drug therapy problem and the pharmacist interventions have 
promoted positive changes in seven to ten of these prescriptions.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital pharmacy
  medication error
  statistics and numerical data
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Brazil
  classification
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  middle aged
  pharmacist
  prescription
  prospective study
  standards
  teaching hospital
  tertiary care center
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Portuguese
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Portuguese
MEDLINE PMID
  23843060 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23843060)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 318
TITLE
  Implementing ward based clinical pharmacy services in an Ethiopian 
University Hospital
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Implantación de servicios de farmacia clínica en los departamentos de un 
hospital universitario Etíope
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mekonnen A.B.
  Yesuf E.A.
  Odegard P.S.
  Wega S.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mekonnen A.B.) School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
(Yesuf E.A.) Department of Health Services Planning and Management, Jimma 
University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
(Odegard P.S.) School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 
United States.
(Wega S.S.) School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. B. Mekonnen, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Practice (2013) 11:1 (51-57). Date of Publication: January-March 
2013
ISSN
  1886-3655 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica, Campus de la Cartuja, 
Granada, Spain.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Clinical pharmacy practice has developed internationally to 
expand the role of a pharmacist well beyond the traditional roles 
ofcompounding, dispensing and supplying drugs to roles more directly in 
caring for patients. Studies on the activities of the clinical pharmacist in 
an inpatient ward in resource constrained settings are scarce, however. 
Objective: To assess ward based clinical pharmacy services in an internal 
medicine ward of Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Methods: The study 
was carried out in the internal medicine ward from March to April, 2011 at 
Jimma University Specialized Hospital. The study design was a prospective 
observational study where pharmaceutical care services provided by clinical 
pharmacists for inpatients were documented over a period of two months. 
Interventions like optimization of rational drug use and physician 
acceptance of these recommendations were documented. Clinical significance 
of interventions was evaluated by an independent team (1 internist, 1 
clinical pharmacologist) using a standardized method for categorizing drug 
related problems (DRPs). Results: A total of 149 drug related interventions 
conducted for 48 patients were documented; among which 133(89.3%) were 
clinical pharmacists initiated interventions and 16(10.7%) interventions 
were initiated by other health care professionals. The most frequent DRPs 
underlying interventions were unnecessary drug therapy, 36(24.2%); needs 
additional drug therapy, 34(22.8%) and noncompliance, 29(19.5%). The most 
frequent intervention type was change of dosage/instruction for use, 
23(15.4%). Acceptance rate by physicians was 68.4%. Among the interventions 
that were rated as clinically significant, 46(48.9%) and 25(26.6%) had major 
and moderate clinical importance respectively. Conclusion: Involving trained 
clinical pharmacists in the healthcare team leads to clinically relevant and 
well accepted optimization of medicine use in a resource limited settings. 
This approach can likely be generalized to other health care settings in the 
country to improve medication outcomes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  caregiver
  female
  follow up
  health care personnel
  human
  internal medicine
  length of stay
  major clinical study
  male
  observational study
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  prospective study
  training
  treatment outcome
  university hospital
  ward
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Spanish
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013214467
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 319
TITLE
  Specialist pharmacist training from the viewpoint of sports pharmacology
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kasashi K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kasashi K., kasashi@den.hokudai.ac.jp) Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido 
University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Kasashi, Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 
Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan. Email: kasashi@den.hokudai.ac.jp
SOURCE
  Yakugaku Zasshi (2012) 132:12 (1325-1328). Date of Publication: 2012
ISSN
  0031-6903
  1347-5231 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 
Japan.
ABSTRACT
  When athletes consult sports outpatient or orthopedic clinics it is possible 
to undergo drug treatment with the medical staff having prior knowledge of 
that patient being an athlete. However, if athletes seek any other diagnosis 
and treatment as an ordinary patient, the possibility of medical staff 
realizing the potential for imposing a doping issue on the athlete is 
extremely low. As a result, if the athlete fails to provide medical staff 
with information regarding anti-doping regulations when receiving clinical 
treatment, drug treatment administered as part of medical practices could be 
viewed as doping, resulting in the athlete being disciplined. In order to 
avoid this, pharmacist should participate in training in order to be able to 
provide information for anti-doping purposes. It is my personal opinion that 
knowledge regarding antidoping is something that should be shared by all 
pharmacists, as pharmacists are educated in the fields of pharmacology and 
pharmacokinetics during the pharmacy education process, and sports 
pharmacology is a part of this. However, in order for pharmacists to 
understand sports pharmacology, it is necessary to provide education not 
only on the benefits and adverse effects of pharmaceutical products, but 
also on the concept of banned substances. It can be considered one of the 
pharmacist's duties to protect athletes who purchase drugs at a pharmacy or 
consult medical institutions as patients. With this, I would like to propose 
considering the potential for introducing sports pharmacology to 
pharmaceutical education, and specialist pharmacist training in the sports 
spectrum. © 2012 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  doping
  pharmacist
  sports medicine
  sports pharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  athlete
  clinical pharmacology
  drug metabolism
  education program
  human
  medical practice
  medical staff
  review
  sports science
  staff training
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012728177
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.12-00230-1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 320
TITLE
  Evaluation of self-medication among pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sharif S.I.
  Mohamed Ibrahim O.H.
  Mouslli L.
  Waisi R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sharif S.I.; Mohamed Ibrahim O.H.; Mouslli L.; Waisi R.) Department of 
Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University 
of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. I. Sharif, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, 
College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab 
Emirates.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2012) 7:4 (135-140). Date 
of Publication: 15 Dec 2012
ISSN
  1557-4962
  1557-4970 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Science Publications, 244, 5th Avenue # S-207,, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  To determine the incidence of self-medication among Sharjah university 
students and the impact of medical knowledge on such practice. A 
pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to 200 pharmacy students during 
May, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS and results expressed as counts and 
percentages. The overall response rate was 85% with 98% of respondents being 
Arabs. Females comprised about 91% of students and the mean age (SD) was 
19.5(2.4). Practicing self-medication in the past year was high as145 (86%) 
used drugs without medical consultation. Most respondents (128, 76%) 
obtained their medication from pharmacies and used the medication for one 
week (106, 63%). Antibiotics were used by 54(32%) of students despite the 
fact that slightly more than 50% of students were aware of the possibility 
of emergence of bacterial resistance and were also aware of the concept of 
rational drug use in general. Main reasons for self-medication were 
non-serious health problem, illness is minor, seeking quick relief and to 
avoid long waiting hours at clinics. Reasons against self-medication include 
risks of adverse effects, using the wrong medication, drug interaction, 
misdiagnosis and drug abuse and dependence. Medical consultation is mainly 
sought in case of presence of severe pain, worsening of symptoms, or 
persistence of the latter for more than a week. Headache or mild pain, eye 
and ear symptoms, gastric problems, cold, fever and allergy were the 
commonest symptoms for self-medication. Knowledge of responsible self 
medication is inadequate but the practice is high and common among pharmacy 
students. Interventions to promote responsible selfmedication among 
university students are required. © 2012 Science Publication.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  antacid agent
  antibiotic agent
  antidiarrheal agent
  antiemetic agent
  antihistaminic agent
  antipyretic agent
  decongestive agent
  eye drops
  laxative
  vitamin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy student
  self medication
  student attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  allergy
  antibiotic resistance
  article
  attitude to health
  awareness
  clinical feature
  common cold
  consultation
  controlled study
  drug use
  ear disease
  eye disease
  female
  fever
  headache
  human
  male
  risk assessment
  risk factor
  stomach disease
  tea
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013274007
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2012.135.140
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 321
TITLE
  Anti-aging effects of Hippophae rhamnoides emulsion on human skin
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ali Khan B.
  Akhtar N.
  Braga V.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ali Khan B., barki.gold@gmail.com; Akhtar N.) Departmentof Pharmacy, 
Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of 
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
(Braga V.A.) Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of 
Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Ali Khan, Departmentof Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative 
Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100/city, 
Pakistan. Email: barki.gold@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2012) 11:6 (955-962). Date of 
Publication: December 2012
ISSN
  1596-5996
  1596-9827 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Group, Benin City, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of topically applied 
water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion of Hippophae rhamnoides using standard R 
cutometer parameters. Methods: A w/o emulsion of 1 % hydro-alcoholic extract 
of H. rhamnoides (formulation) and placebo control (base) were used in the 
study. Eleven healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 24.5 years were 
selected after obtaining informed consent. The subjects were assigned to 
blindly use either the formulation or the base for 7 consecutive weeks. The 
skin mechanical parameters determined with a cutometer, were R0 (first 
maximum amplitude), R2 (gross-elasticity), R6 (viscoelasticity), R7 
(biological elasticity) and R8 (total recovery). In addition, the 
antioxidant activity of the formulation was evaluated by 1, 
1-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results: Topical application of 1 
% organic extract emulsion of H. rhamnoides improved most of the 
biomechanical parameters evaluated when compared to the base group (p < 
0.05). However, skin extensibility and firmness of the active formulation- 
and base-treated groups (R0) were not different (p < 0.01). Of note, a 
significant correlation between the active formulation and the improvement 
of the skin mechanical parameters was observed. The active formulation was 
found to be superior than the placebo control. Conclusion: The topical 
antioxidant emulsion of H. rhamnoides significantly improved skin 
biomechanical parameters after 7 weeks of treatment. The data obtained 
suggest that H. rhamnoides could be an alternative pharmacological tool for 
treating age-related loss of skin elasticity. © Pharmacotherapy Group, 
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Hippophae rhamnoides extract (pharmaceutics, pharmacology, topical drug 
administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl
  collagen (endogenous compound)
  placebo
  scavenger (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cutaneous parameters
  Hippophae rhamnoides
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  antioxidant activity
  article
  chloasma
  drug formulation
  drug mechanism
  elasticity
  emulsion
  erythema
  human
  human experiment
  informed consent
  male
  non invasive procedure
  normal human
  patch test
  skin
  skin irritation
  skin pruritus
  skinfold thickness
  viscoelasticity
DEVICE TRADE NAMES
  Cutometer MPA 580  , GermanyCourage Khazaka

DEVICE MANUFACTURERS
   (Germany)Courage Khazaka
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (1898-66-4)
  collagen (9007-34-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Dermatology and Venereology (13)
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013009786
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v11i6.12
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 322
TITLE
  Epidemiology and potential associated risk factors of drug-related problems 
in hospitalised children in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rashed A.N.
  Neubert A.
  Tomlin S.
  Jackman J.
  Alhamdan H.
  AlShaikh A.
  Attar A.
  Aseeri M.
  Wilton L.
  Wong I.C.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rashed A.N.; Neubert A.; Wilton L.; Wong I.C.K., wongick@hku.hk) Centre for 
Paediatric Pharmacy Research, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick 
Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
(Neubert A.) Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, FAU 
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
(Tomlin S.; Jackman J.) Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' 
NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
(Alhamdan H.; AlShaikh A.; Attar A.; Aseeri M.) National Guard Health 
Affairs, Kind Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Jeddah, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21432, 
Saudi Arabia.
(Wong I.C.K., wongick@hku.hk) Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (DPP), 
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong 
Kong.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I.C.K. Wong, Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, UCL School of 
Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom. Email: 
wongick@hku.hk
SOURCE
  European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2012) 68:12 (1657-1666). Date of 
Publication: December 2012
ISSN
  0031-6970
  1432-1041 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Aim Drug-related problems (DRP) are "an event or circumstance involving drug 
therapy that actually or potentially interferes with the desired health 
outcome". The extent and characteristics of DRPs in children in the UK and 
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are unknown. Our aim was to determine the 
epidemiology of and identify risk factors for DRPs in hospitalised children. 
Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out in children aged 0-18 
years, admitted to themedical ward, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) 
and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during a 3-month period in two 
hospitals. Patients' charts, medical records and laboratory data were 
reviewed daily to identify DRPs; their preventability and severity were 
assessed. Logistic regression was used to analyse the potential risk factors 
associated with DRP incidence. Results Seven hundred and thirty-seven 
children (median age 2.3 years, interquartile range 6 months to 8 years, 
58.1% male) were included. Three hundred and thirtythree patients suffered 
from 478 DRPs. Overall DRP incidence was 45.2% (95% CI, 41.5-48.8); KSA 
(51.1%; 95% CI, 45.8-56.3), UK (39.4%; 95% CI, 34.4-44.6). Incidence was 
highest in the PICU (59.7%; 95% CI, 47.0-71.5). Dosing problems were the 
most frequently reported DRPs (n0258, 54%). 80.3% of DRP (n0384) cases were 
preventable; 72.2% (n0345) of DRPs were assessed as minor; 27% (n0129) as 
moderate. Number of prescriptions and type of admission (transferred) were 
potential risk factors for DRP occurrence in children. Conclusions 
Drug-related problems were common in the hospitalised children in this 
study; the most frequent were dosing problems and drug choice problems; the 
majority of them were preventable. Polypharmacy and transferred admission 
(another hospital or ward) were potential risk factors. To improve 
prescribing practices and minimise the risk of DRPs in hospitalised 
children, paediatric pharmacology and pharmacotherapy are important in 
medical education. © Springer-Verlag 2012.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amoxicillin (adverse drug reaction)
  antiinfective agent (adverse drug reaction)
  central nervous system agents (adverse drug reaction)
  enzyme inhibitor (adverse drug reaction)
  gastrointestinal agent (adverse drug reaction)
  morphine (adverse drug reaction)
  salbutamol (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug induced disease (side effect, epidemiology, etiology, side effect)
  hospitalized child
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  child
  cohort analysis
  disease severity
  dose calculation
  drug choice
  drug classification
  female
  hospital admission
  human
  infant
  intensive care unit
  laboratory test
  major clinical study
  male
  medical education
  medical record review
  newborn
  newborn intensive care
  observational study
  polypharmacy
  preschool child
  prescription
  preventive medicine
  priority journal
  prospective study
  risk factor
  risk reduction
  Saudi Arabia
  school child
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amoxicillin (26787-78-0, 34642-77-8, 61336-70-7)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  salbutamol (18559-94-9, 35763-26-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012739834
MEDLINE PMID
  22644343 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22644343)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1302-x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 323
TITLE
  An interview with Lucio G. Costa and Michael Aschner, section editors for 
toxicology
AUTHOR NAMES
  Costa L.G.
  Aschner M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Costa L.G., lgcosta@u.washington.edu) Department of Environmental and 
Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt #100, 
Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
(Aschner M., michael.aschner@vanderbilt.edu) Vanderbilt University Medical 
Center, 2215-B Garland Avenue, 11415 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0414, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.G. Costa, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 
University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt #100, Seattle, WA 98105, United 
States. Email: lgcosta@u.washington.edu
SOURCE
  BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology (2012) 13 Article Number: 16. Date of 
Publication: 15 Nov 2012
ISSN
  2050-6511
BOOK PUBLISHER
  BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6, 236 Gray's Inn Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Lucio G. Costa is currently Professor of Environmental and Occupational 
Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of 
Washington. Dr. Costa is a renowned neurotoxicologist whose research 
interests are focused on understanding the role of neurotoxic substances in 
neurodevelopmental disorders and other neurological, neuropsychiatric and 
neurodegenerative diseases. Dr Costa's research laboratory makes use of a 
variety of in vivo and in vitro cell culture systems, transgenic animal 
models and imaging techniques to study the cellular, biochemical and 
molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity.Michael Aschner is the Gray E. B. 
Stahlman Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacology at Vanderbilt University 
School of Medicine as well as a Senior Investigator at the Kennedy Center 
for Research on Human Development. Dr Aschner's research group has a 
particular interest in the neurobiology and physiology of astrocytes and the 
signaling mechanisms associated with central nervous system injury. Dr 
Aschner's laboratory studies metal uptake and distribution in the brain, 
investigating the mechanisms of transport of methylmercury and manganese 
across the capillaries of the blood-brain barrier. His research utilizes 
various experimental models (C. elegans, tissue cultures and rodents) to 
understand the acute toxicity of manganese deposition in the brains of human 
neonates.In this interview we find out a little more about the key issues in 
the field of toxicology research. © 2012 Costa and Aschner; licensee BioMed 
Central Ltd.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  editor
  toxicology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aging
  career mobility
  clinical assessment
  clinical research
  decision making
  editorial
  exposure
  human
  interview
  medical education
  pharmacology
  risk assessment
  safety
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013459199
MEDLINE PMID
  23153341 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153341)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2050-6511-13-16
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 324
TITLE
  Attitudes of matriculating first-year pharmacy students toward a mandatory, 
random drug-screening program.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Oliver M.
  Cates M.E.
  Hogue M.D.
  Alverson S.P.
  Woolley T.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Oliver M.) McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore 
Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA.
(Cates M.E.; Hogue M.D.; Alverson S.P.; Woolley T.W.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Oliver, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore 
Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2012) 76:9 (171). Date of 
Publication: 12 Nov 2012
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To determine the attitudes of incoming pharmacy students toward a mandatory, 
random urine drug-screening program. This was an anonymous, voluntary survey 
of students at the McWhorter School of Pharmacy (MSOP) using an instrument 
composed of 40 items. The instrument was administered during orientation 
week prior to the session during which the policies and procedures of MSOP's 
drug-screening program were to be discussed. The survey instrument was 
completed by all 129 (100%) students in the class. Two-thirds of the 
students were aware of MSOP's drug-screening program prior to applying, but 
only a few felt uneasy about applying to the school because of the program. 
The greatest concerns expressed by the students included what would happen 
if a student unintentionally missed a drug screen or was busy with other 
matters when called for screening, how much time a drug-screening would 
take, and the possibility of false-positive drug screen results. The vast 
majority of students agreed with statements regarding the potential benefits 
of drug testing. Students who consumed alcohol in a typical week and those 
with current or past use of an illegal substance held less favorable 
attitudes toward MSOP's mandatory drug-screening program compared with 
students who did not share those characteristics. Although there were 
definite concerns expressed regarding pragmatic issues surrounding drug 
screening, the first-year pharmacy students held generally favorable 
opinions about the school's mandatory drug-screening program.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (diagnosis)
  health personnel attitude
  pharmacy student
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  education
  female
  human
  information processing
  male
  mandatory testing
  methodology
  psychological aspect
  school
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23193335 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23193335)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 325
TITLE
  Evaluation of online training for the provision of opioid substitution 
treatment by community pharmacists in New Zealand
AUTHOR NAMES
  Walters C.
  Raymont A.
  Galea S.
  Wheeler A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Walters C.; Galea S.) Community Alcohol and Drug Services (CADS), Waitemata 
District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
(Raymont A.) Clinical Research and Resource Centre, Waitemata District 
Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
(Wheeler A., a.wheeler@griffith.edu.au) Griffith Health Institute, Griffith 
University, Brisbane, Australia.
(Wheeler A., a.wheeler@griffith.edu.au) Faculty of Medical and Health 
Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Wheeler, University of Auckland, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith 
University, Brisbane, Qld 4131, Australia. Email: a.wheeler@griffith.edu.au
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Review (2012) 31:7 (903-910). Date of Publication: November 
2012
ISSN
  0959-5236
  1465-3362 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton South, Australia.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction and Aims. The role of community pharmacists in the provision of 
opioid substitution treatment (OST) is pivotal and integral to addiction 
treatment. An online training program for pharmacists in OST management was 
piloted in New Zealand in 2010, following recognition of the difficulty in 
recruitment and retention of community pharmacists to provide OST services. 
Our aim was to evaluate the OST online training that was made available for 
any community pharmacist in New Zealand and to establish the feasibility and 
acceptability of this format of training for community pharmacists. The 
evaluation explored participants' attitudes, skills and knowledge both pre- 
and post-training in OST. Design and Methods. All pharmacists registering to 
participate in the training program were asked to complete an evaluation 
questionnaire immediately before (pre) and immediately after (post) 
completing the training. Participants were also invited to participate in a 
brief 10min structured telephone interview about their training experience. 
Results. In the first 4months 190 pharmacists commenced the training; 101 
completed both evaluations. Improvements in the confidence and skills of 
pharmacists were demonstrated through both the quantitative and qualitative 
analyses. Statistically significant changes in attitudes were also 
demonstrated. Overall the OST training was well received and the online 
format was feasible and highly acceptable. Discussion and Conclusion. Online 
training is an appropriate and economical method of improving pharmacists' 
clinical skills with respect to this client group, and has the potential to 
reach a wider audience of pharmacists. Further research is required to 
investigate OST client experiences in community pharmacy.[Walters C, Raymont 
A, Galea S, Wheeler A. Evaluation of online training for the provision of 
opioid substitution treatment by community pharmacists in New Zealand. © 
2012 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  opiate substitution treatment
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  attitude to health
  clinical competence
  feasibility study
  female
  health personnel attitude
  human
  Internet
  male
  methodology
  middle aged
  New Zealand
  opiate addiction (rehabilitation)
  organization and management
  questionnaire
  standard
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22519647 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22519647)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00459.x
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 326
TITLE
  Development of a pharmacist-psychiatrist collaborative medication therapy 
management clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tallian K.B.
  Hirsch J.D.
  Kuo G.M.
  Chang C.A.
  Gilmer T.
  Messinger M.
  Chan P.
  Daniels C.E.
  Lee K.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tallian K.B.) University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, 
CA, United States.
(Tallian K.B.) Scripps Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States.
(Tallian K.B.) Health Sciences Department, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 
United States.
(Hirsch J.D.; Kuo G.M.; Daniels C.E.; Lee K.C., kellylee@ucsd.edu) 
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 
United States.
(Chang C.A.; Messinger M.; Lee K.C., kellylee@ucsd.edu) Skaggs School of 
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 
MC-0719, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA 92093-0719, United States.
(Chang C.A.) PharMerica, Mountain View, CA, United States.
(Gilmer T.) Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of 
California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
(Messinger M.) Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
(Chan P.) Pharmacy Benefits Division, Department of Health Care Services, 
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.C. Lee, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University 
of California San Diego, MC-0719, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA 92093-0719, 
United States. Email: kellylee@ucsd.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:6 (e252-e258). 
Date of Publication: November-December 2012
ISSN
  1544-3191
  1544-3450 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, 2215 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To describe a needs assessment, practice description, practice 
innovation and reimbursement of a psychiatric pharmacist medication therapy 
management (MTM) clinic with related challenges and opportunities. Setting: 
An MTM clinic established in collaboration with the Outpatient Psychiatric 
Services (OPS) at the University of California San Diego (UCSD), under 
contract with the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency Adult 
and Older Adult Mental Health Services (A/OAMHS). Practice description: Two 
board-certified psychiatric pharmacists provided direct patient care using a 
collaborative practice protocol 3 days per week. Clinical services included 
pharmacotherapy management, laboratory monitoring, medication counseling, 
and psychosocial referrals to other providers. Practice innovation: Payment 
to UCSD OPS for clinical services was based on a contract between the San 
Diego County A/OAMHS and the clinic. Two pharmacists co-managed mental 
health patients and billed for medication management based on face-to-face 
contact time (medication minutes) and documentation time with each patient. 
Main outcome measures: Number of patients comanaged, dropout rates, visit 
duration, and billed minutes. Results: From May 2009 to December 2010, two 
pharmacists comanaged 68 patients, mean (± SD) age 48.6 ± 11.6 years, 
diagnosed with major depressive, schizophrenic, schizoaffective, and/or 
bipolar disorder. A total of 56 (82.3%) patients were clinically stable and 
remained on the pharmacist caseload, but 12 (17.6%) patients were lost to 
follow-up (10 lost contact, 1 moved, 1 expired). On average, patients had 
7.7 patient visits, for 491 total visits (with an average of 26 minutes per 
visit) that were billed at a rate of $4.82 per minute for medication 
minutes, translating to 884.542.80. Conclusion: With provider education and 
appropriate physician champions, pharmacists are able to work 
collaboratively with psychiatrists in a mental health clinic.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent (pharmacoeconomics)
  mood stabilizer (pharmacoeconomics)
  ziprasidone (pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
  psychiatrist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accreditation
  article
  bipolar disorder (disease management)
  certification
  Clinical Global Impression scale
  clinical protocol
  counseling
  drug monitoring
  follow up
  government
  health care personnel
  hospital
  hospital billing
  human
  licensing
  major depression (disease management)
  medical documentation
  medical education
  mental health center
  mental health service
  mood disorder (disease management)
  needs assessment
  outcome assessment
  outpatient care
  patient care
  patient dropouts
  physician self-referral
  practice act
  prospective payment
  reimbursement
  schizoaffective psychosis (disease management)
  schizophrenia (disease management)
  substance abuse
  teamwork
  university hospital
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  ziprasidone (118289-78-4, 122883-93-6, 138982-67-9, 199191-69-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013814986
MEDLINE PMID
  23229987 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229987)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.11215
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 327
TITLE
  Patient-centered health care using pharmacist-delivered medication therapy 
management in rural Mississippi
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ross L.A.
  Bloodworth L.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ross L.A., laross@umc.edu; Bloodworth L.S.) Community-Based Research 
Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.A. Ross, Community-Based Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University 
of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United States. Email: laross@umc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:6 (802-809). Date 
of Publication: November-December 2012
ISSN
  1544-3191
  1544-3450 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, 2215 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To describe and provide preliminary clinical and economic 
outcomes from a pharmacist-delivered patient-centered health care (PCHC) 
model implemented in the Mississippi Delta. Setting: Mississippi between 
July 2008 and June 2010. Practice description: 13 community pharmacies in 
nine Mississippi Delta counties. Practice innovation: This PCHC model 
implements a comprehensive medication therapy management (MTM) program with 
pharmacist training, individualized patient encounters and group education, 
provider outreach, integration of pharmacists into health information 
technology, and on-site support in community pharmacies in a medically 
underserved region with a large burden of chronic disease and health 
disparities. The program also expands on traditional MTM services through 
initiatives in health literacy/cultural competency and efforts to increase 
the provider network and improve access to care. Main outcome measures: 
Criteria-based clinical outcomes, quality indicator reports, cost avoidance. 
Results: PCHC services have been implemented in 13 pharmacies in nine 
counties in this underserved region, and 78 pharmacists and 177 students 
have completed the American Pharmacists Association's MTM Certificate 
Training Program. Preliminary data from 488 patients showed 681 encounters 
in which 1,471 drug therapy problems were identified and resolved. 
Preliminary data for clinical indicators and economic outcome measures are 
trending in a positive direction. Conclusion: Preliminary data analyses 
suggest that pharmacist-provided PCHC is beneficial and has the potential to 
be replicated in similar rural communities that are plagued with chronic 
disease and traditional primary care provider shortages. This effort aligns 
with national priorities to reduce medication errors, improve health 
outcomes, and reduce health care costs in underserved communities.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medication therapy management
  patient care
  rural health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  clinical indicator
  controlled study
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical informatics
  medically underserved
  middle aged
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013814983
MEDLINE PMID
  23229968 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229968)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10192
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 328
TITLE
  Development of a psychiatric pharmacy elective track
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brahm N.C.
  Davis T.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brahm N.C., nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu; Davis T.S.) University of Oklahoma 
College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and 
Administrative Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.C. Brahm, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of 
Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, 4502 E. 41st 
Street, Tulsa, OK 74135-2512, United States. Email: nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2012) 4:4 (267-272). Date of 
Publication: October 2012
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Development of expertise in new pharmacy graduates is the 
gradual transition from novice to expert. Information on the development of 
specialty knowledge at the student level in pharmacy curricula has not been 
published extensively. Methods: This paper reports an overview of the 
development of a psychiatric pharmacy elective track at the University of 
Oklahoma College of Pharmacy to help professional pharmacy students gain 
expertise in a selected area of interest. Results: An elective track in 
psychiatric pharmacy with didactic and advanced pharmacy practice 
experiences is described. Curricular development is outlined and includes 
lessons learned. Advanced pharmacy practice experiences, both patient-based 
and research-focused, are discussed. Personal investment in the process by 
interested students and faculty, in addition to the resources needed to 
foster the process toward expertise, are highlighted. Conclusions: 
Professional development is an integral part of the advancement from novice 
to expert. Elective tracks with focused areas of study may facilitate this 
development. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum development
  paramedical education
  pharmacy
  psychiatric pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health care personnel
  health care system
  human
  medical research
  mental disease
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  postgraduate education
  priority journal
  professional development
  professional knowledge
  schizophrenia
  study skills
  substance abuse
  traumatic brain injury
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012565169
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2012.05.001
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 329
TITLE
  Interventions of a pharmacist on a teaching nursing home team
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nye A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nye A.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Nye,
SOURCE
  Consultant Pharmacist (2012) 27:10 (707). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  American Society of Consultant Pharmacists Fall 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  National Harbor, MD, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-11-06 to 2012-11-09
ISSN
  0888-5109
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To determine the added value of a clinical pharmacist rounding with 
an interdisciplinary team in a nursing home. Methods: A pharmacist rounded 
with the physician team four days a week in a teaching nursing home in 
addition to the monthly chart review. For two months interventions by a CGP 
preceptor and pharmacy students were recorded, including the drug problem 
and outcome. Results: There were a total of 197 drug problems identified 
with 132 recommendations on a nursing home panel of approximately 90 
patients. Eighty-five percent of recommendations were implemented. The most 
common problems were an untreated problem (35), unnecessary drug (31), lab 
monitoring needed (24), ineffective medication (17), suboptimal drug choice 
(11), and high-risk drug (11). Recommendations including stopping a drug 
(40), initiating new therapy (33), monitoring needed (25), changing the drug 
(16), increasing the dose (16), and decreasing the dose (9). Conclusion: By 
rounding with the team a pharmacist could make recommendations when 
decisions were being made for the patient. When a less optimal medication 
was being considered it could be changed before it was ordered. Having a 
pharmacist at the point of care facilitates appropriate use of medications.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  consultation
  human
  nursing home
  pharmacist
  society
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug abuse
  drug choice
  drug therapy
  medical record review
  monitoring
  patient
  pharmacy student
  physician
  risk
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2012.698
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 330
TITLE
  Prescribing and the core curriculum for tomorrow's doctors: BPS curriculum 
in clinical pharmacology and prescribing for medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ross S.
  Maxwell S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ross S., s.ross@abdn.ac.uk) Division of Medical and Dental Education, 
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB252ZD, United Kingdom.
(Maxwell S.) Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western 
General Hospital, Edinburgh EH42XU, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Ross, Division of Medical and Dental Education, University of Aberdeen, 
Aberdeen AB252ZD, United Kingdom. Email: s.ross@abdn.ac.uk
SOURCE
  British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2012) 74:4 (644-661). Date of 
Publication: October 2012
ISSN
  0306-5251
  1365-2125 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Prescribing is one of the commonest tasks expected of new doctors and is a 
complex process involving a mixture of knowledge, judgement and skills. 
Preparing graduates to be prescribers is one of the greatest challenges of 
modern undergraduate medical education and there is some evidence to suggest 
that training could be improved. The aims of this article are (i) to review 
some of the challenges of delivering effective prescribing education, (ii) 
to provide a clear statement of the learning outcomes in clinical 
pharmacology and prescribing that should be expected of all medical 
graduates and (iii) to describe a curriculum that might enable students to 
achieve these outcomes. We build on the previous curriculum recommendations 
of the British Pharmacological Society and take into account those of other 
key bodies, notably the General Medical Council. We have also reviewed 
relevant evidence from the literature and set our work in the context of 
recent trends in medical education. We divide our recommended learning 
objectives into four sections: principles of clinical pharmacology, 
essential drugs, essential therapeutic problems and prescribing skills. 
Although these will not necessarily be accepted universally we believe that 
they will help those who design and map undergraduate curricula to explore 
potential gaps and identify improvements. © 2012 The Authors. British 
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (pharmacology)
  amiloride (pharmacology)
  amiodarone (pharmacology)
  amlodipine (pharmacology)
  antacid agent (pharmacology)
  atenolol (pharmacology)
  atropine (pharmacology)
  bendroflumethiazide (pharmacology)
  bisoprolol (pharmacology)
  codeine (pharmacology)
  digoxin (pharmacology)
  doxazosin (pharmacology)
  furosemide (pharmacology)
  glyceryl trinitrate (pharmacology)
  infliximab (pharmacology)
  insulin (pharmacology)
  laxative (pharmacology)
  local anesthetic agent (pharmacology)
  loperamide (pharmacology)
  losartan (pharmacology)
  mebeverine (pharmacology)
  mesalazine (pharmacology)
  nicorandil (pharmacology)
  omeprazole (pharmacology)
  oxygen (pharmacology)
  ramipril (pharmacology)
  ranitidine (pharmacology)
  spironolactone (pharmacology)
  unindexed drug
  verapamil (pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  education program
  medical student
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cardiovascular disease
  drug formulary
  drug misuse
  electronic prescribing
  emergency medical services education
  endocrine disease
  gastrointestinal disease
  hematologic disease
  human
  infection
  infusion system
  medical education
  medicolegal aspect
  mental disease
  neurologic disease
  physician
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  quality control
  respiratory tract disease
  review
  urinary tract disease
  urogenital tract disease
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  amiloride (2016-88-8, 2609-46-3)
  amiodarone (1951-25-3, 19774-82-4, 62067-87-2)
  amlodipine (103129-82-4, 736178-83-9, 88150-42-9)
  atenolol (29122-68-7, 93379-54-5)
  atropine (51-55-8, 55-48-1)
  bendroflumethiazide (73-48-3)
  bisoprolol (66722-44-9)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  doxazosin (74191-85-8)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  glyceryl trinitrate (55-63-0)
  infliximab (170277-31-3)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  loperamide (34552-83-5, 53179-11-6)
  losartan (114798-26-4)
  mebeverine (2753-45-9, 3625-06-7)
  mesalazine (89-57-6)
  nicorandil (65141-46-0)
  omeprazole (73590-58-6, 95510-70-6)
  oxygen (7782-44-7)
  ramipril (87333-19-5)
  ranitidine (66357-35-5, 66357-59-3)
  spironolactone (52-01-7)
  verapamil (152-11-4, 52-53-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012526974
MEDLINE PMID
  22288524 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22288524)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04186.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 331
TITLE
  Community pharmacists' perceptions and knowledge of medication disposal
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sipple L.J.
  Stewart A.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sipple L.J.; Stewart A.L.) Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.J. Sipple, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e294). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Medication disposal is an emerging topic of concern due to 
potential ecological consequences, prescription drug abuse, and accidental 
ingestion and poisoning within homes. The primary objective of this study is 
to describe pharmacist knowledge and attitudes towards medication disposal 
and confidence in the ability to counsel patients on appropriate medication 
disposal. METHODS: A 16-item survey was distributed via Survey- MonkeyTM to 
practicing community pharmacists. Data were analyzed using descriptive and 
inferential statistics. Pearson's Test for Correlation was used to explore 
relationships between variables. Nominal variables were compared using 
Chi-squared test. RESULTS: Surveys were sent to approximately 250 community 
pharmacists of which there were 132 complete, usable responses. 43.2% of 
respondents indicated they counsel on medication disposal 2-3 times per 
month with 73.5% indicating confidence in this ability. Seventy-eight of 
respondents identified pharmacists as a “good resource” for information on 
medication disposal, and 72% identified it as a professional responsibility. 
Self-reported knowledge of disposal guidelines and take back programs is 
low, with only 56.1% and 54.5% of pharmacists responding in agreement. In 
general, the number of years in practice did not correlate with knowledge of 
confidence. However, new practitioners (those practicing 5 years or less), 
were 40% less likely to view inappropriate disposal of medicine as a 
significant public health problem compared with experienced practitioners 
(Chi Square = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate medication disposal is a 
topic of concern for pharmacists and the public. Despite recognizing 
appropriate medication disposal as a responsibility and area of expertise of 
pharmacists, knowledge of appropriate practices is relatively low. This may 
be related to the overall indifference towards the impact of inappropriate 
disposal on the environment and public health.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  community
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug abuse
  inferential statistics
  ingestion
  intoxication
  patient
  physician
  public health problem
  responsibility
  social medicine
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 332
TITLE
  A pharmacotherapeutic approach to the management of chronic posttraumatic 
stress disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Spaulding A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Spaulding A.M., spauldia@acphs.edu) Albany College of Pharmacy and Health 
Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.M. Spaulding, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New 
Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States. Email: spauldia@acphs.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:5 (541-551). Date of Publication: 
October 2012
ISSN
  0897-1900
  1531-1937 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Due to relatively recent and ongoing world events (eg, terrorist attacks, 
wars, and natural disasters), there has been a shift in attention from some 
of the more common psychiatric illnesses to one of the more elusive, namely, 
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a severe, and often chronic, 
condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Although 
originally a condition seen primarily among war veterans, PTSD is now 
becoming more prevalent in the general community. PTSD often presents 
concurrently with other conditions, such as depression, bipolar, 
anxiety/panic disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse. Because of this, PTSD 
often goes unrecognized and is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Thus, an 
opportunity for pharmacist intervention exists, both in the institution and 
in the community. With proper education and training, pharmacists can be 
efficient in screening for signs and symptoms of PTSD, triaging appropriate 
patients, and can play an integral role in managing the diverse array of 
drug therapy options for PTSD. © The Author(s) 2012.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amitriptyline (drug therapy)
  atypical antipsychotic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  carbamazepine (drug therapy)
  citalopram (drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (drug therapy)
  fluvoxamine (drug therapy)
  gabapentin (drug therapy)
  glutamic acid (endogenous compound)
  imipramine (drug therapy)
  lamotrigine (drug therapy)
  mirtazapine (drug therapy)
  paroxetine (drug therapy)
  phenelzine (drug therapy)
  placebo
  quetiapine (drug therapy)
  risperidone (drug therapy)
  serotonin (endogenous compound)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
  tiagabine (drug therapy)
  topiramate (drug therapy)
  valproic acid (drug therapy)
  venlafaxine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  posttraumatic stress disorder (drug therapy, diagnosis, drug therapy, 
etiology, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  behavior therapy
  bipolar disorder
  clinical feature
  cognitive therapy
  depression
  drug abuse
  drug dose titration
  emergency health service
  extrapyramidal symptom (side effect)
  human
  hyperglycemia (side effect)
  increased appetite (side effect)
  medical education
  panic
  pathophysiology
  pharmacist
  psychotherapy
  review
  side effect (side effect)
  weight gain
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  fluvoxamine (54739-18-3)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
  glutamic acid (11070-68-1, 138-15-8, 56-86-0, 6899-05-4)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  lamotrigine (84057-84-1)
  mirtazapine (61337-67-5)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  phenelzine (156-51-4, 51-71-8)
  quetiapine (111974-72-2)
  risperidone (106266-06-2)
  serotonin (50-67-9)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  tiagabine (115103-54-3, 115103-55-4)
  topiramate (97240-79-4)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012569774
MEDLINE PMID
  22544623 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544623)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012442714
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 333
TITLE
  Development of an eLearning tool to educate teens and adults about the 
dangers of medication misuse and abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  DuHaime C.M.
  Newaz N.E.
  AlMandy R.
  Whang J.K.
  Tran T.T.
  Bui A.M.
  Pervanas H.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (DuHaime C.M.; Newaz N.E.; AlMandy R.; Whang J.K.; Tran T.T.; Bui A.M.; 
Pervanas H.C.) Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 
Manchester, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.M. DuHaime, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 
Manchester, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e286). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medication abuse is a 
growing epidemic in the adolescent and adult populations across the country. 
As a result, prescription related deaths have exceeded motor vehicle 
fatalities in New Hampshire (NH). Contributing factors include lack of 
education and increased accessibility. The purpose of the study was to 
create a learning tool to promote medication safety and educate the public 
about medication misuse and abuse. METHODS: Six student pharmacists from the 
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) collaborated 
with the Community Alliance for Teen Safety (CATS) to create an eLearning 
tool addressing issues concerning prescription and OTC drug abuse. The 
student pharmacists developed scenarios that targeted both adolescent and 
adult populations and were integrated into a 30-60 minute self-paced 
interactive web-based program. Scenarios provide the online participant with 
a real-life situation specific to medication abuse. As the participant 
navigates through the scenario they are faced with challenges and must make 
choices to proceed. Once a choice has been made feedback is provided 
explaining the outcome of the choice. The participant also has the option to 
navigate back and make a different choice. At the conclusion of the program 
the participant is provided with a final summary and take-away message. 
RESULTS: Four eLearning scenarios were developed: two that focused on topics 
relevant to adolescents and two for adults. Adolescent topics included: (i) 
abuse of prescription stimulants, and (ii) peer pressure to abuse/misuse 
prescription drugs. Adult topics included: (i) dextromethorphan abuse, and 
(ii) diversion, disposal and proper storage of medications. The program will 
be piloted in the NH Derry Middle School in the fall of 2012. CONCLUSION: 
The eLearning scenarios will serve as an interactive tool for promoting 
medication safety as well as educating the community about the dangers of 
medication misuse and abuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  central stimulant agent
  dextromethorphan
  non prescription drug
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  adult
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  community
  death
  drug abuse
  education
  epidemic
  fatality
  feedback system
  health science
  human
  learning
  life
  middle school
  motor vehicle
  peer pressure
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  population
  prescription
  safety
  storage
  student
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 334
TITLE
  Cost-effectiveness of pharmacist managed medication therapy adherence clinic 
(MTAC) on type 2 diabetes patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Loganadan N.K.
  Lim K.Y.
  Nur N.M.
  Ariffin F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Loganadan N.K.; Lim K.Y.; Nur N.M.; Ariffin F.) Department of Pharmacy, 
Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.K. Loganadan, Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 
Malaysia.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e270). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: This study was conducted: (i) To study the impact of pharmacist 
managed Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC) on medication adherence 
and glycemic control of Type 2 Diabetes patients and (ii) To evaluate the 
cost-effectiveness of MTAC program. METHODS: In this prospective cohort 
study, 43 Type 2 Diabetes patients who attended pharmacist MTAC clinic 
visits in Kuala Lumpur Hospital besides their routine physician visits 
between February 2008 to August 2009 were assigned to Intervention group 
while 42 others who attended physician visits only (Standard Care) as 
Control. The Intervention group received medication adherence assessment, 
advise on drug related problems, medication counseling and diabetes 
education by pharmacists while the Control group did not. HbA1c levels (%) 
and Morisky Scores were measured and compared at baseline and after 9 months 
follow-up period between both groups. Direct medical costs including 
doctor's cost, pharmacist's cost, nurse's cost, cost of medications and cost 
of laboratory tests were used for costeffectiveness analysis (CEA). RESULTS: 
Medication adherence of subjects in the Intervention (MTAC) group increased 
significantly from a Morisky score of 4.23 at baseline to 7.84 (p<0.05) 
compared to increase from 4.00 to 6.14 seen in Control at the end of 
follow-up. The HbA1c of subjects in the Intervention arm also reduced 
significantly (p<0.05) by 1.7% from 10.6% at baseline to 8.9% at the end of 
follow-up compared with a relatively smaller decrease of 0.6% from 10.7% at 
baseline to 10.1% achieved in Control (p>0.05). Average cost effectiveness 
ratio (ACER) for Intervention group was RM446.01 per 1% reduction and 
RM1328.52 per 1% HbA1c reduction for Control. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist 
managed MTAC Diabetes program helped Type 2 Diabetes patients achieve 
significantly better medication adherence and glycemic control besides being 
more cost-effective than Standard Care with greater savings in diabetes 
expenditure to the hospital.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  hemoglobin A1c
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  cost effectiveness analysis
  diabetic patient
  drug therapy
  hospital
  human
  Malaysia
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  tertiary health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  arm
  cohort analysis
  control group
  counseling
  diabetes education
  diabetes mellitus
  follow up
  glycemic control
  laboratory test
  medication compliance
  nurse
  physician
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 335
TITLE
  Ability of a clinical pharmacist to make drug therapy interventions using 
email in patients with advanced heart failure and ventricular-assist devices
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jennings D.L.
  Lekura J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jennings D.L.; Lekura J.) Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.L. Jennings, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e256-e257). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Inpatient clinical pharmacists are often required to provide 
coverage to multiple patient care teams and are often limited in their 
ability to interface directly with physicians when suggesting drug therapy 
recommendations. This project explores email as a potential medium for 
pharmacists to communicate interventions with prescribers. METHODS: This 
retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted at an urban, academic 
teaching hospital where one clinical pharmacist is responsible for the daily 
pharmaceutical care for the inpatient advanced heart failure (AHF), cardiac 
intensive care unit (ICU), and cardiothoracic ICU teams. If the pharmacist 
identified a potential drug therapy problem and couldn't make direct 
face-to-face contact with the attending physician, the intervention was 
attempted via an email communication. Eligible patients for this project 
were admitted to the AHF team between December 1st, 2010 and July 31st, 2011 
and had at least one attempted email intervention. Data collection included 
patient demographics, past medical history, and the suggested intervention 
from the clinical pharmacist. The primary outcome was the number of 
interventions accepted by the physicians during the study period, while the 
secondary endpoint was the time between the suggested intervention and the 
physician email response. RESULTS: A total of 51 email interventions were 
attempted on 29 patients (mean age = 53, 24% caucasian, 59% male, 69% LVAD). 
Overall, 44 of the total 51 number of interventions were accepted (86.3%). 
The average physician time to a physician response email was 41 minutes. The 
most frequent type of interventions were starting therapy (33%) and changing 
dose, route or frequency (33%). The most common drug classes involved in 
email interventions were ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 
(15.7%), loop diuretics (9.8%), and antiplatelet agents (7.8%). CONCLUSIONS: 
Clinical pharmacists with well-established physician relationships can 
effectively implement timely drug therapy recommendations using email 
communications in patients with advanced heart failure or ventricular assist 
devices.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antithrombocytic agent
  loop diuretic agent
  receptor blocking agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  e-mail
  heart failure
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  ventricular assist device
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Caucasian
  hospital patient
  information processing
  intensive care unit
  interpersonal communication
  left ventricular assist device
  male
  medical history
  patient care
  pharmaceutical care
  physician
  teaching hospital
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 336
TITLE
  A study on potential role of pharmacists in home health drug related problem 
management in India
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chaudhari A.D.
  Patel P.R.
  Leuva P.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chaudhari A.D.; Patel P.R.; Leuva P.A.) Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, 
Mehsana, Mehsana, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.D. Chaudhari, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Mehsana, India.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e285). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Provision of pharmaceutical care at home is more suitable 
environment, getting to know the patient and assessing the level of support 
required in medication use is an expanding role for pharmacist. METHODS: To 
assess the scenario of medication use at home, a survey was designed to 
assess medicine literacy, medication knowledge and willingness of clients at 
home for receiving home care pharmaceutical services. A set of questions in 
local language was drafted to collect adult literacy in medicine using 
REALMR. The medication knowledge assessment form was provided to 200 
randomly selected subjects in rural community. RESULTS: Among the 200 
participants, 120 (60%) were males and 80 (40%) were females. The mean age 
of the respondents was 42.5 years. Forty-eight (24%) were illiterate, 92 
(46%) were higher secondary. Medicine literacy assessed using REALM-R mean 
score was found to be 6.24 out of 11 words. In medication knowledge 
assessment mean number of medications per patient was 1.88. Among the basic 
medication knowledge, they were able to answer correctly at the average of 
4.1. As many as 91.4% of the medications were stored in room temperature. 
Willingness to know more about medication usage amounted to mean score was 
found to be 8.82 out of 10. CONCLUSION: From the data gathered it can be 
deduced that medication knowledge and adult medicine literacy among Indian 
population is less and needs pharmacist to take adequate measure to educate 
clients on medication use and one such way is through home pharmaceutical 
care. This also provides an opportunity for identify roles and rapport with 
patient for provision of effective care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  health
  human
  India
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  drug therapy
  environment
  female
  home care
  Indian
  language
  male
  patient
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
  population
  reading
  room temperature
  rural population
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 337
TITLE
  Beyond heart failure: Comprehensive review to improve the care of heart 
failure (HF) patients by clinical pharmacist at the Portland Veterans 
Affairs Medical Center (PVAMC)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nigro S.J.
  Floeter A.E.
  Singh H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nigro S.J.; Floeter A.E.; Singh H.) Oregon State University, Oregon Health 
Science University, College of Pharmacy, Portland, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.J. Nigro, Oregon State University, Oregon Health Science University, 
College of Pharmacy, Portland, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e281). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) patients present with multiple competing 
comorbidities which results in polypharmacy - leading to non-compliance, 
drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. A comprehensive drug therapy review 
is important to screen for response to therapy, drug interactions, or 
contraindications to medications. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project is to 
improve quality of care for HF patients by providing a comprehensive review 
of medications and comorbidities. METHODS: Medical records of patients 
managed by the pharmacist- run HF clinic over the past year were abstracted. 
Patients with only one clinic visit were excluded from the analysis. A chart 
audit form was developed to assess quality of care in five areas: laboratory 
monitoring, medication reconciliation, referrals to specialty clinics, 
recommendations to primary care providers (PCPs), and medication 
adjustments. All HF clinic notes between the present day and the date of 
first clinic visit were reviewed to quantify interventions. Data were 
analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In the past year, 41 
patients were seen by the pharmacist. To date, electronic medical records of 
35 patients were screened. Of those, three patients had only one clinic 
visit and were excluded from analysis, leaving 32 for further evaluation. A 
total of 51 recommendations were made to PCPs, of which 29 (57%) were acted 
on by the PCP resulting in therapy adjustments. Nineteen patients (59%) 
required updated laboratory values to assess comorbidities. Among these 
patients, 9 (47%) received therapy modifications to control comorbidities. 
Referrals were made when indicated. Fifteen patients (47%) received at least 
one referral and were subsequently scheduled with a specialty clinic. 
Medication reconciliation identified 38 drug-related problems which were all 
resolved with therapy adjustments. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical pharmacist 
trained in HF management provided effective comprehensive care. Our results 
demonstrate the quality of care pharmacists provide to manage this 
challenging disease.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  heart failure
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug induced disease
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  hospital
  laboratory
  medical audit
  medical record
  medication therapy management
  monitoring
  polypharmacy
  primary medical care
  statistics
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 338
TITLE
  Tobacco use and cessation counseling in India-data from the Global Health 
Professions Students Survey, 2005-09
AUTHOR NAMES
  Surani N.S.
  Pednekar M.S.
  Sinha D.N.
  Singh G.
  Warren C.W.
  Asma S.
  Gupta P.C.
  Singh P.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Surani N.S.; Pednekar M.S., pednekarm@healis.org; Gupta P.C.) 
Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.
(Sinha D.N.; Singh P.K.) World Health Organization, Regional Office for 
South-East Asia, New Delhi, India.
(Singh G.) School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India.
(Warren C.W.; Asma S.) US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 
Atlanta, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.S. Pednekar, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, 
India. Email: pednekarm@healis.org
SOURCE
  Indian Journal of Cancer (2012) 49:4 (425-430). Date of Publication: 
October-December 2012
ISSN
  0019-509X
  1998-4774 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, B9, Kanara Business Centre, off 
Link Road, Ghatkopar (E), Mumbai, India.
ABSTRACT
  Context: Tobacco use by health professionals reflects the failure of 
healthcare systems in protecting not only beneficiaries of the system but 
also those involved in health care delivery. Aim: The aim of this study was 
to report findings from the Global Health Professions Students Survey 
(GHPSS) conducted in medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy schools in India. 
Settings and Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Indian dental 
and medical schools (in 2009), nursing (in 2007), and pharmacy (in 2008) 
schools. Materials and Methods: Anonymous, self-administered GHPSS 
questionnaire covering demographics, tobacco use prevalence, secondhand 
smoke (SHS) exposure, desire to quit smoking and training received to 
provide cessation counseling to patients was used. Statistical Analysis: 
Proportions and prevalence were computed using SUDAAN and SPSS 15.0. 
Results: Current cigarette smoking and other tobacco use ranged from 
3.4-13.4% and 4.5-11.6% respectively, in the four health professional 
schools, with the highest numbers for medical schools and males. Enforcement 
of smoking ban in medical schools was low (53%) compared to nursing (86.4%), 
pharmacy (85.5%), and dental (90.8%) schools. Ninety percent students 
thought health professionals have a role in giving smoking cessation advice 
to their patients. Three out of five current smokers wanted to quit. 
However, one out of two reported receiving help/advice to quit. Although all 
expressed the need, 29.1-54.8% students received cessation training in their 
schools. Conclusion: Tobacco control policy, cessation training and 
initiatives to help students quit smoking should be undertaken.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  counseling
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cross-sectional study
  dental student
  exposure
  health practitioner
  health survey
  human
  medical school
  nursing student
  passive smoking
  patient counseling
  pharmacy student
  sampling
  smoking ban
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013226813
MEDLINE PMID
  23442408 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23442408)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.107751
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 339
TITLE
  Main challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector in Buchanan County, 
Virginia: a pilot study.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gavaza P.
  Yan W.
  Campbell J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gavaza P.) Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, Virginia, USA.
(Yan W.; Campbell J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Gavaza, Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, Virginia, USA. Email: 
pgavaza@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Rural and remote health (2012) 12:4 (2125). Date of Publication: Oct 2012
ISSN
  1445-6354 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Little is known about the challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector in 
rural counties in the USA. The aim of this pilot study is to determine the 
main challenges facing the pharmaceutical sector and suggestions for 
improving the sector in Buchanan County, a poor and marginalized county in 
Central Appalachia, Virginia. This cross-sectional study used the drop-by 
survey based on the first step of the modified Delphi Interview Technique. A 
convenience sample of healthcare professionals in Buchanan County were asked 
to complete a self-administered survey instrument between May and August 
2011. A total of 16 healthcare professionals including six pharmacists 
completed the survey. The respondents had worked for an average of 13.4 
(SD=10.7) years in the County (range: 1-33 years). The main challenges 
facing the pharmaceutical sector were drug abuse (n=11), doctor shopping by 
patients (n=9), early refills (n=7) and drug shortage (n=6). Respondents 
suggested increased patient education by pharmacists (n=6) and better 
coordination and communication between pharmacy and doctor (n=6) to improve 
the pharmaceutical sector in the County. Drug abuse, doctor shopping, early 
refills and drug shortage are the main challenges facing the pharmaceutical 
sector in Buchanan County. Concerted efforts are required to solve these 
problems. More research is required to confirm these findings.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude to health
  Delphi study
  health care personnel
  health care quality
  pharmacy
  rural health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction (epidemiology)
  article
  clinical competence
  cross-sectional study
  female
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  male
  manpower
  methodology
  pilot study
  poverty
  psychological aspect
  questionnaire
  rural population
  socioeconomics
  standard
  statistics
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23140593 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23140593)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 340
TITLE
  Pharmacist's role in dispensing opioids for acute and chronic pain
AUTHOR NAMES
  Marlowe K.F.
  Geiler R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Marlowe K.F., marlokf@auburn.edu) Pharmacy Practice Department, Auburn 
University, Harrison School of Pharmacy, AL, United States.
(Marlowe K.F., marlokf@auburn.edu) Department of Internal Medicine, 
University of South Alabama, School of Medicine, AL 36688, United States.
(Geiler R.) Auburn University, Harrison School of Pharmacy, AL, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.F. Marlowe, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, 
School of Medicine, AL 36688, United States. Email: marlokf@auburn.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:5 (497-502). Date of Publication: 
October 2012
ISSN
  0897-1900
  1531-1937 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Pain continues to be a serious health care concern in the United States. 
Patients with chronic pain experience the impact of the disease throughout 
their lives including their social interactions, family relationships, and 
in many cases economic productivity. Multiple surveys have found that many 
pharmacists hold misconceptions regarding opioids, pain disease states, and 
their understandings of current regulations. Multiple barriers affect the 
ability of pharmacists to deliver care to patients' prescribed opioid 
therapy. Inadequate communication between health care professionals and 
patients is one of the hurdles, which prevents quality care. Increased 
communication between health care providers including access to health 
information is one step, which is crucial to improving provision of 
pharmacotherapy. Finally, the quality of educational opportunities relative 
to opioids and pain management specifically for pharmacists needs to be 
increased, and consideration needs to be given for making appropriate pain 
management education mandatory. © The Author(s) 2012.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  hydrocodone (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacoeconomics)
  methadone (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacoeconomics)
  morphine (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacoeconomics)
  oxycodone (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain (drug therapy, disease management, drug therapy)
  drug delivery system
  health care delivery
  pain (drug therapy, disease management, drug therapy)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cancer pain (drug therapy)
  communication skill
  drug cost
  drug efficacy
  drug indication
  drug release
  drug safety
  economic evaluation
  health care access
  health care personnel
  health care quality
  health education
  health survey
  human
  medical ethics
  medical information
  medical practice
  opiate addiction
  palliative therapy
  patient care
  personal autonomy
  pharmacy
  practice guideline
  prescription
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012569782
MEDLINE PMID
  23011961 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23011961)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010379710
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 341
TITLE
  Implementation of a medication reconciliation service in a primary care 
clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chasse A.N.
  Armor B.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chasse A.N.; Armor B.L.) University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, 
Oklahoma City, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.N. Chasse, University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e281). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential role of pharmacists and student 
pharmacists in conducting medication reconciliation services in a primary 
care clinic. The requirement for health systems to conduct medication 
reconciliation provides both an educational and service opportunity for 
pharmacists. This service is part of an existing learning experience for 
students and residents designed to improve patient interview skills, 
identify medication discrepancies, identify and resolve drug related 
problems. METHODS: Clinic staff identified recently discharged patients and 
contacted them to participate in a onetime medication reconciliation visit 
with a pharmacist. Patients were scheduled prior to the hospital follow-up 
visit with the physician. Medication discrepancies and recommendations for 
resolving drug related problems were communicated with the physician. 
RESULTS: Thirty seven patients were seen between September 2011 and May 
2012. Interventions were categorized into twelve actions that could be 
performed to prevent adverse drug events and unwanted outcomes. The most 
common interventions were non adherence/underuse (8), order lab (10) and 
identifying untreated medical problems (8). The most common actions taken 
were to discontinue a prescription (8), new prescription (6), order tests 
(8) and education (12). The types of lab tests that were ordered included 
blood pressure, blood glucose, thyroid levels, potassium and CBC. 
CONCLUSIONS: Primary care based pharmacists and student pharmacists can 
identify and resolve drug related problems during the transition between 
hospital and home. At least one intervention was detected for each patient. 
Having access to medical records in outpatient and hospital databases and 
having the drug knowledge necessary to address interventions allowed us to 
evaluate the drug therapy needs of patients in this transition. Future plans 
include tracking outcomes of the service, particularly for reduced 
readmission rates.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  potassium
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital
  medication therapy management
  primary medical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  blood pressure
  data base
  drug therapy
  education
  follow up
  glucose blood level
  health care
  hospital readmission
  human
  interview
  learning
  medical record
  outpatient
  patient
  pharmacist
  physician
  prescription
  skill
  student
  thyroid gland
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 342
TITLE
  Medication management: A case of brown bag-identified medication hoarding
AUTHOR NAMES
  Martinez M.L.
  Griend J.P.V.
  Linnebur S.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Martinez M.L.; Griend J.P.V.; Linnebur S.A., sunny.linnebur@ucdenver.edu) 
University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 12850 E. Montview Boulevard, 
Mailstop C238, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.A. Linnebur, University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 12850 E. Montview 
Boulevard, Mailstop C238, Aurora, CO 80045, United States. Email: 
sunny.linnebur@ucdenver.edu
SOURCE
  Consultant Pharmacist (2012) 27:10 (729-736). Date of Publication: October 
2012
ISSN
  0888-5109
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, 1321 Duke Street, Alexandria, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  A 91-year-old woman living independently in the community presented along 
with her son for a medication therapy management (MTM) appointment with the 
clinical pharmacist at the University of Colorado Hospital Seniors Clinic. 
The purpose of the visit was to review the patient's medications, perform 
medication reconciliation, and identify ways to increase proper medication 
management. As requested for the MTM appointment, the patient and her son 
brought in several large bags of her over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription 
medications from her home, including those that she was not currently 
taking. The clinical pharmacist reviewed the medications and found multiple 
instances of duplicate therapies, nonadherence, discrepancies in her 
medication regimen, cost concerns, and other drug-therapy problems. In 
addition, the pharmacist's evaluation showed that the patient had been 
hoarding more than 100 medications, which increased her risk for 
drug-related problems. Most of the OTC and some prescription medications 
were voluntarily removed from the patient's possession to reduce the 
likelihood of potential overuse of medications. The pharmacist educated the 
patient and her son regarding her updated medication list and how to 
properly manage her medications. Finally, the patient's son volunteered to 
help his mother with medication management or hire someone to assist her. 
This case demonstrates the usefulness of requesting all medications - 
including OTC and prescription, active and inactive medications - be brought 
to the MTM appointment. The case also supports the need for family support 
for older adults struggling with managing polypharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medication therapy management
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  bradycardia
  case report
  drug cost
  drug hypersensitivity
  female
  health education
  human
  medical record
  obsessive hoarding
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  prescription
  treatment refusal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012642137
MEDLINE PMID
  23045330 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23045330)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2012.729
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 343
TITLE
  Lost in transition: The benefit of interdisciplinary home-based care 
following hospitalization
AUTHOR NAMES
  Borzadek E.Z.
  Holmes J.T.
  Krawtz D.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Borzadek E.Z.; Holmes J.T.; Krawtz D.B.) Departments of Family Medicine and 
Pharmacy Practice, Idaho State University, Pocatello, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.Z. Borzadek, Departments of Family Medicine and Pharmacy Practice, Idaho 
State University, Pocatello, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2012) 32:10 (e269). Date of Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, ACCP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Hollywood, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-10-21 to 2012-10-24
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Idaho has the lowest national 30-day re-hospitalization rate for 
Medicare beneficiaries at 13.3%, which may be misleading due to limited 
access to care. A home-based Transition of Care (TOC) clinic was developed 
to provide safe and effective transitions from acute care to home by 
utilizing a unique interdisciplinary team of nurse practitioner, clinical 
pharmacist, and health professions students with electronic medial record 
(EMR) access in the home; drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified. 
METHODS: An office-based interdisciplinary TOC clinic was developed in 2006 
but evolved into a semi-weekly home-based service in 2011 due to high 
no-show rates and an inability to thoroughly identify and resolve DRPs. 
Enrollment criteria for the home-based TOC program included inpatient 
hospitalization > 48 hours, age ≥ 65 and one additional risk factor (e.g. ≥ 
2 hospitalizations in the past 6 months, ≥ 2 chronic illnesses, 
polypharmacy, ≥ 2 medication changes, documented history of poor adherence). 
Services provided were assessment for DRPs, medication counseling and 
reconciliation, personal medication record development, clinical assessment, 
depression/dementia screening, fall risk assessment, and assistance with 
advanced directives. An interim retrospective EMR chart abstraction of 
documented hospital follow-up was performed to compare DRPs identified at 
TOC and provider office visits. RESULTS: From October 17, 2011 to June 15, 
2012, there were 55 home-based TOC encounters. Interim analysis identified 
2.6 DRPs documented per TOC clinic encounter compared to 0.6 DRPs per 
provider office encounter (p=0.023). The most common DRPs in TOC clinic were 
secondary to unintentional/intentional non-adherence, incomplete/inaccurate 
discharge instructions, therapy duplication, and 
provider-provider/provider-patient miscommunication. A 12-month analysis of 
identified and classified DRPs and 30-day re-hospitalization rates will be 
presented. CONCLUSION: An interdisciplinary home-based TOC clinic is 
effective at identifying DRPs. Although cost-prohibitive in many areas, 
interdisciplinary home-visit TOC delivery should be further explored.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospitalization
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  chronic disease
  clinical assessment
  counseling
  drug therapy
  emergency care
  fall risk assessment
  follow up
  health
  hospital
  hospital patient
  human
  medicare
  nurse practitioner
  occupation
  patient
  pharmacist
  polypharmacy
  professional practice
  risk factor
  screening
  student
  therapy
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01219
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 344
TITLE
  Abstracts of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, RPS Annual Conference 2012
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 20 SUPPL. 2. Date of 
Publication: October 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society, RPS Annual Conference 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Birmingham, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-09-09 to 2012-09-10
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  The proceedings contain 108 papers. The topics discussed include: 
implications of preventable medicines related hospital admission: older 
patients' perspective; improving drug-related problems in oncology through 
technology: preferences of Asian patients with cancer; teach back - a useful 
communication tool for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians?; enhancing 
pharmacists' clinical management of nausea and vomiting in patients with 
cancer through a new SMS-based pathway in Asia; how do patients with 
osteoporosis make sense of the local decision making process for the 
development of osteoporosis management guidelines?; exploring nursing home 
managers' attitudes and beliefs towards end of life and palliative care for 
residents; distribution of community pharmacies and deprivation in Wales; 
public health: is community pharmacy ready for a new commissioning 
landscape; and an international systematic review to assess interventions 
aimed at optimising antibiotic prescribing practices.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care organization
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Asia
  Asian
  community
  decision making
  hospital admission
  human
  interpersonal communication
  landscape
  manager
  nausea and vomiting
  neoplasm
  nursing home
  oncology
  osteoporosis
  palliative therapy
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy technician
  public health
  systematic review
  systematic review (topic)
  technology
  United Kingdom
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 345
TITLE
  College of pharmacy-based medication therapy management program for a 
university system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Stratton T.P.
  Cernohous T.
  Hager K.
  Bumgardner M.
  Traynor A.
  Worley M.M.
  Isetts B.J.
  Larson T.
  Seifert R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Stratton T.P., tstratto@d.umn.edu) College of Pharmacy, University of 
Minnesota, Duluth, 232 Life Science, 1110 Kirby Dr., Duluth, MN 55812, 
United States.
(Cernohous T.; Seifert R.) Essentia Health, Duluth, MN, United States.
(Cernohous T.; Hager K.; Bumgardner M.; Traynor A.; Worley M.M.) College of 
Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States.
(Bumgardner M.) Abts Health Mart Pharmacy, Julesburg, CO, United States.
(Traynor A.) School of Pharmacy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, 
United States.
(Worley M.M.) Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH, 
United States.
(Isetts B.J.; Larson T.) College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin 
Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.P. Stratton, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 232 
Life Science, 1110 Kirby Dr., Duluth, MN 55812, United States. Email: 
tstratto@d.umn.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:5 (653-660). Date 
of Publication: September-October 2012
ISSN
  1544-3191
  1544-3450 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, 2215 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To document and evaluate the design and operation of a medication 
therapy management (MTM) benefit and associated MTM clinic developed by the 
University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy as a covered health plan benefit 
for University of Minnesota, Duluth (UMD) employees, early retirees, and 
their dependents. Setting: Office-based, nondispensing pharmacy at UMD. 
Practice description: College of Pharmacy, Duluth faculty developed and 
provided MTM services as a covered health benefit for UMD beneficiaries. 
Practice innovation: Partnership between a university campus and a college 
of pharmacy to design and implement an MTM benefit as part of the university 
health plan covering current employees, early retirees, and dependents. Main 
outcome measures: MTM benefit design, MTM clinic implementation, patient 
complexity comparisons, and drug therapy problems identified and addressed. 
Results: Of 1,000 eligible beneficiaries, 68 (∼7%) took advantage of the MTM 
benefit, consistent with national participation rates but lower than the 25% 
goal for participation. Beneficiaries receiving MTM services were three 
times more complex in terms of health resource use than the "typical" UMD 
beneficiary and were experiencing 7.22 drug therapy problems per patient. 
Conclusion: The UMD MTM clinic was successful in providing UMD beneficiaries 
access to MTM services. The MTM benefit was subsequently offered throughout 
the entire University of Minnesota system (Crookston, Duluth, 
Minneapolis-St. Paul, and Morris).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  medication therapy management
  pharmacy
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  aged
  article
  child
  employee
  female
  health care planning
  health care utilization
  health insurance
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  pensioner
  preschool child
  school child
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013803426
MEDLINE PMID
  23023847 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023847)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10050
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 346
TITLE
  Substance abuse and suicide risk among adolescents
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pompili M.
  Serafini G.
  Innamorati M.
  Biondi M.
  Siracusano A.
  Di Giannantonio M.
  Giupponi G.
  Amore M.
  Lester D.
  Girardi P.
  Möller-Leimkühler A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pompili M., maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it; Girardi P.) Department of 
Neurosciences, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 
Italy.
(Pompili M., maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it; Serafini G.) McLean Hospital, 
Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States.
(Pompili M., maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it; Innamorati M.) Department of 
Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs-Sant'Andrea Hospital, 
Sapienza University of Rome, 1035-1039 Via di Grottarossa, 00189 Rome, 
Italy.
(Biondi M.) Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Sapienza 
Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy.
(Siracusano A.) Department of Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, 
University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
(Di Giannantonio M.) Neuroscience and Imaging Department, University of 
Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
(Giupponi G.) Department of Psychiatry, Bolzano, Italy.
(Amore M.) Department of Neurosciences, Division of Psychiatry, University 
of Parma, Parma, Italy.
(Lester D.) Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ, United 
States.
(Möller-Leimkühler A.M.) Department of Psychiatry, 
Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Pompili, Department of Neurosciences, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza 
University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Email: maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it
SOURCE
  European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (2012) 262:6 
(469-485). Date of Publication: September 2012
ISSN
  0940-1334
  1433-8491 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  D. Steinkopff-Verlag, P.O. Box 100462, Darmstadt, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  The aim of this paper was to review the literature concerning the 
relationship between suicide and substance abuse behaviours among 
adolescents, focusing on epidemiology, comorbidity and preventive 
programmes. We performed a Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, PsycLit and PsycInfo 
search to identify all papers and book chapters during the period between 
1980 and 2011. Adolescents with substance abuse disorder who attempt or 
complete suicide can be characterized as having mood disorders, stressful 
life events, interpersonal problems, poor social support, lonely lives and 
feelings of hopelessness. The research supports the existence of a strong 
relationship between suicide and substance abuse. Preventive programmes 
should be based on the detection of risk factors associated with both 
suicide and substance abuse disorder. Management programmes should combine 
different therapeutic strategies such as peer-to-peer education, 
school-based programmes, psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment. 
Evidence suggests that targeted suicide prevention programmes can be 
delivered which reduce the burden associated with substance abuse and 
suicide in youths. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence (disease management, prevention)
  substance abuse
  suicide (disease management, prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  child behavior
  disease association
  health program
  human
  interpersonal stress
  mood disorder
  peer group
  priority journal
  risk factor
  social support
  stress
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012577536
MEDLINE PMID
  23304731 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23304731)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-012-0292-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 347
TITLE
  Uncovering the neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy over the lifespan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lin J.J.
  Mula M.
  Hermann B.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lin J.J.) Department of Neurology, University of California at Irvine, 
Irvine, CA, United States.
(Mula M.) Department of Neurology, Amedeo Avogadro University, Novara, 
Italy.
(Hermann B.P., hermann@neurology.wisc.edu) Department of Neurology, 
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland 
Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2281, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.P. Hermann, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of 
Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2281, 
United States. Email: hermann@neurology.wisc.edu
SOURCE
  The Lancet (2012) 380:9848 (1180-1192). Date of Publication: September 2012
ISSN
  0140-6736
  1474-547X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Limited, 32 Jamestown Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is complicated by 
psychiatric, cognitive, and social comorbidities that have become a major 
target of concern and investigation in view of their adverse effect on the 
course and quality of life. In this report we define the specific 
psychiatric, cognitive, and social comorbidities of paediatric and adult 
epilepsy, their epidemiology, and real life effects; examine the relation 
between epilepsy syndromes and the risk of neurobehavioural comorbidities; 
address the lifespan effect of epilepsy on brain neurodevelopment and brain 
ageing and the risk of neurobehavioural comorbidities; consider the 
overarching effect of broader brain disorders on both epilepsy and 
neurobehavioural comorbidities; examine directions of causality and the 
contribution of selected epilepsy-related characteristics; and outline 
clinic-friendly screening approaches for these problems and recommended 
pharmacological, behavioural, and educational interventions.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  carbamazepine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  etiracetam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  gabapentin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  lamotrigine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  oxcarbazepine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  phenobarbital (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  phenytoin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  pregabalin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  tiagabine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  topiramate (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  valproic acid (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  vigabatrin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  zonisamide (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antisocial personality disorder
  cognitive defect
  epilepsy (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  mental disease
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aging
  agoraphobia
  anxiety disorder
  apnea
  article
  asthma
  attention deficit disorder
  bipolar disorder
  brain development
  brain disease
  chronic pain
  comorbidity
  conduct disorder
  depression
  epileptic discharge
  fibromyalgia
  generalized anxiety disorder
  human
  lifespan
  migraine
  mood disorder
  motor dysfunction
  nerve cell differentiation
  neuropathic pain
  panic
  priority journal
  psychosis
  sleep disorder
  social phobia
  social psychology
  substance abuse
  suicidal ideation
  traumatic brain injury
  tremor
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  etiracetam (102767-28-2, 33996-58-6)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
  lamotrigine (84057-84-1)
  oxcarbazepine (28721-07-5)
  phenobarbital (50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  pregabalin (148553-50-8)
  tiagabine (115103-54-3, 115103-55-4)
  topiramate (97240-79-4)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
  vigabatrin (60643-86-9)
  zonisamide (68291-97-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012565707
MEDLINE PMID
  23021287 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021287)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61455-X
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 348
TITLE
  Bio-energy (prano-practice): Integrator of medical and psychological 
treatments-in relation to drug dependence and senile age
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gabriele L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gabriele L.) ALARO Association, Nigeria.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Gabriele, ALARO Association, Nigeria.
SOURCE
  European Journal of Integrative Medicine (2012) 4 SUPPL. 1 (113). Date of 
Publication: September 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  5th European Congress for Integrative Medicine
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Florence, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-09-21 to 2012-09-22
ISSN
  1876-3820
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier GmbH
ABSTRACT
  Bio-energy (prano-practice) is especially useful regarding prevention, 
maintenance of health, and in other cases where stress and anxiety have to 
be equilibrated. Analysing the results obtained through various projects in 
communities recovering from drug dependence and in Senior Centres, 
bio-energy, provided great support and is a valid technique to be integrated 
into the work of educators and doctors. It has an 'indirect' influence, has 
shown visible results as per energetic and homeopathic increase in cases of 
headache, cervical pain, lumbarsacral pain, anxiety, stress and insomnia and 
has produced interesting, important effects, as reported by patients and 
educators, that is, reduction of pharmaceutical products. This result should 
make the Public Administration consider the positive effects of bio-energy 
for reducing expenses of the public health sector, by introducing this 
natural wellness therapy into the orthodox procedures. Bio-energy 
(prano-practice) can be used to improve psycho-physical wellness and improve 
the general energetic status of the treated persons and can improve quality 
of life. Particularly in the Senior Centres, this method showed a reduction 
of anxiety and nervous stress, providing more serenity, an increase in 
emotional stability and capacity of concentration, an increase in 
psycho-energetic strength and general psychophysical tone and improvement in 
sleep, of the status of humour, and interpersonal relationships to more 
positive behaviours and socialisation. It has to be emphasised that if one 
person felt better, this led to the whole group having more positive 
relationships in harmony. Such important experiences underline the positive 
value of bio-energy in such particular cases of targets against stress and 
anxiety. Bio-energy (prano-practice) can be useful to re-equilibrate and 
energise cases of prevention and maintenance and thus can become an 
effective integrator regarding normal medical and psychological therapies. 
Prano-practice is part of the health disciplines regulated by the Tuscan 
Regional law.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  integrative medicine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anxiety
  community
  emotional stability
  headache
  health
  human
  human relation
  humor
  insomnia
  mental stress
  pain
  patient
  physician
  prevention
  procedures
  public health
  quality of life
  sleep
  therapy
  wellbeing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2012.07.737
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 349
TITLE
  Proposal of adaptation of the sheet of pharmaceutical history of Dáder 
method for learners
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Propuesta de adaptación de la hoja de historia farmacoterapéutica del método 
Dáder para aprendices
AUTHOR NAMES
  Amarante L.C.
  Shoji L.S.
  Freitas K.M.
  Rascado R.R.
  Silva L.C.
  Marques L.A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Amarante L.C., lumarques@unifal-mg.edu.br; Shoji L.S.; Freitas K.M.; 
Rascado R.R.; Silva L.C.; Marques L.A.M.) Universidad Federal de Alfenas, 
UNIFAL-MG, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Calle Gabriel Monteiro da 
Silva, 714, Alfenas-MG, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. C. Amarante, Universidad Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Facultad de 
Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Calle Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, Alfenas-MG, 
Brazil. Email: lumarques@unifal-mg.edu.br
SOURCE
  Revista Cubana de Farmacia (2012) 46:2 (224-239). Date of Publication: 2012
ISSN
  0034-7515
  1561-2988 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Editorial Ciencias Medicas, Calle E No. 452, entre 19 y 21, Habana, Cuba.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Freitas & Marques proposed a sheet of pharmacotherapeutical 
history (SPH) in 2008: the Dáder adaptation (DA). Objective: this study was 
aimed at evaluating the applicability of DA compared with Dáder. Methods: 
the sheets of pharmacotherapeutical history (SPH) were applied to chronic 
users of drugs by pharmacy students. At the end, interviewers attributed 
scores ranged from 0 to 5 points to various aspects of their applicability. 
The completeness or not of the collected data was also evaluated. Results: 
the two SPH were equivalent, because there was no statistically significant 
difference for the three questions about the applicability. Conclusions: In 
the context of pharmaceutical care, this new sheet of pharmacotherapeutical 
history offers possibilities to choose the one that best fits the needs of 
the pharmacist.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anamnesis
  dader adaptation
  dader method
  pharmaceutical care
  sheet of pharmacotherapeutical history
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug abuse
  human
  intermethod comparison
  normal human
  pharmacy student
  questionnaire
  scoring system
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Spanish
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012479968
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 350
TITLE
  Abuse of psychoactive substances: The role of pharmacist
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Zloupotreba psihoaktivnih supstanci: Uloga farmaceuta
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dukić M.
  Durić A.
  Tasić L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dukić M., mirjana.djukic@pharmacy.bg.ac.rs) University of Belgrade, Faculty 
of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology Akademik Danilo Sodatović, Vojvode 
Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
(Durić A.; Tasić L.) University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department 
of Social Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Dukić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of 
Toxicology Akademik Danilo Sodatović, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, 
Serbia. Email: mirjana.djukic@pharmacy.bg.ac.rs
SOURCE
  Arhiv za Farmaciju (2012) 62:2 (179-189). Date of Publication: 2012
ISSN
  0004-1963
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Farmaceutsko Drustvo Srbije, Bulevar Vojvode Misica 25, P. Fah 664,Beograd, 
Serbia.
ABSTRACT
  Abuse of psychoactive substances (PAS) is a major health and social 
problems, worldwide. The overall population is in direct daily contact with 
the PAS and thus, at risk of PAS abuse. Pharmacists have a unique and 
comprehensive knowledge about drugs and PAS, as well as, about the adverse 
effects of their inappropriate use (abuse). So far, regarding this 
problematic, the role of pharmacists, as health promoters, is mostly 
recognized in the field of pharmacotherapy and clinico-toxicological 
laboratory analysis. However, the role of pharmacists should be recognized 
more widely in the society, in the sense of prevention, advisory and 
educational role. According to the American model, in this area of work, 
pharmacists are responsible for prevention, education and assistance in 
overall health and social care system of addicts. Also, this paper gives an 
overview of the importance of institutional harmonization in the PAS domain 
abuse, at the city, region and state level. Inadequate cooperation at this 
level is a immense threat to society, and in the same time, an indicator of 
irresponsibility and neglect of the community regarding addiction related 
problems.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  article
  city
  community
  drug abuse
  health education
  laboratory
  public health problem
  social problem
  society
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, unknown
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, unknown
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012410070
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 351
TITLE
  A randomised trial of nicotine assisted reduction to stop in pharmacies - 
the RedPharm study.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Taskila T.
  Macaskill S.
  Coleman T.
  Etter J.F.
  Patel M.
  Clarke S.
  Bridson R.
  Aveyard P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Taskila T.) UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Primary Care Clinical 
Sciences, School of Health and Population Sciences, Primary Care Clinical 
Sciences building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
(Macaskill S.; Coleman T.; Etter J.F.; Patel M.; Clarke S.; Bridson R.; 
Aveyard P.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Taskila, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Primary Care Clinical 
Sciences, School of Health and Population Sciences, Primary Care Clinical 
Sciences building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Email: 
t.k.taskila@bham.ac.uk
SOURCE
  BMC public health (2012) 12 (182). Date of Publication: 2012
ISSN
  1471-2458 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Public policy and clinical treatment in tobacco addiction in the UK has 
focused on cessation: an abrupt attempt to stop all cigarettes. However, 
recent evidence suggests that allowing more gradual withdrawal from tobacco 
or even permanent partial substitution by nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) 
could lead to net benefits to public health. No jurisdiction has introduced 
smoking reduction programmes in normal clinical care and the best methods 
for their implementation is uncertain. Community pharmacists offering 
smoking cessation services in the UK are ideally placed to implement 
reduction programmes.This pilot study aims therefore to examine the 
feasibility of implementing smoking reduction programme in pharmacies, and 
also to see if behavioural support and a longer treatment affect the success 
rate for cessation. This is a 2 × 2 randomised factorial trial of 
behavioural support versus no support and short versus standard length 
reduction programme. The pharmacists will recruit 16 patients per pharmacy, 
160 smokers altogether. Pharmacists will randomise each participant by 
sealed envelopes. In a standard supported programme, the pharmacist will 
give support for 34 weeks, inviting participants to set a treatment goal and 
providing advice on how to reduce cigarette use. Participants in the short 
programme will be given the same advice on how to reduce but will reduce 
smoking over four weeks. Participants in the no support arms will be given a 
leaflet that describes the reduction programmes in 4-week and 34-week 
format. All participants are encouraged to use of NRT to support the 
reduction. These processes will be measured by recording the number of 
recruited smokers; percentage of those who reduce and sustain their 
consumption to at least 50% of baseline value, and the proportion of people 
who attain 4 weeks abstinence and 6 months abstinence. Interviews will 
assess smokers' and pharmacists' views on the way the programme ran. This is 
a pilot study to assess the feasibility of offering smoking reduction 
programme within pharmacies that offer naturalistic setting to show 
population benefit from these programmes. Findings from this trial will 
inform the development of evidence-based treatment for smokers who want to 
reduce and best approaches to engage reluctant quitters onto the programme. 
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 2010-019259-24.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine gum
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  counseling
  patient education
  pharmacy
  smoking (prevention)
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  feasibility study
  human
  methodology
  pilot study
  randomized controlled trial
  treatment outcome
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  nicotine gum (96055-45-7)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22410103 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22410103)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-182
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 352
TITLE
  Experience with a drug screening program at a school of pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cates M.E.
  Hogue M.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cates M.E., mecates@samford.edu; Hogue M.D.) Department of Pharmacy 
Practice, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore 
Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.E. Cates, Department of Pharmacy Practice, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 
Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, United 
States. Email: mecates@samford.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of American College Health (2012) 60:6 (476-480). Date of 
Publication: 1 Aug 2012
ISSN
  0744-8481
  1940-3208 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Routledge, 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Substance use and abuse among pharmacy students is a concern of pharmacy 
schools, boards of pharmacy, and training sites alike. Pharmacy students 
must complete approximately 30% of their academic coursework in experiential 
settings such as community pharmacies, hospitals, and other health systems 
as part of any accredited pharmacy school's curriculum, and these training 
sites are starting to require drug testing of pharmacy students as part of 
their contractual agreements with schools of pharmacy. The authors describe 
the implementation of a mandatory random urine drug screening program at 
their school as well as the changes that occurred owing to assessment of the 
program. The authors report the basic results to date of the drug screening 
program. The authors also speculate on secondary benefits of the drug 
screening program. Finally, the authors describe current and future 
evaluations that they are undertaking regarding this program. © 2012 Taylor 
and Francis Group, LLC.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  street drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (diagnosis)
  pharmacy student
  program development
  school
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health care quality
  human
  information processing
  malpractice
  methodology
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22857140 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22857140)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2012.688780
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 353
TITLE
  Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Toward Smoking Cessation among Hospital 
Pharmacists in Taiwan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chang J.-C.
  Lee Y.-Y.
  Kuo L.-N.
  Hsiao P.-Y.
  Chen H.-Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chang J.-C.; Lee Y.-Y.; Kuo L.-N.; Hsiao P.-Y.; Chen H.-Y., 
shawn@tmu.edu.tw) School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 
Taiwan.
(Chang J.-C.; Lee Y.-Y.; Kuo L.-N.; Chen H.-Y., shawn@tmu.edu.tw) Department 
of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, 
Taiwan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.-Y. Chen, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing 
Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Email: shawn@tmu.edu.tw
SOURCE
  Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (2012) 4:4 (249-254). Date of 
Publication: August 2012
ISSN
  1878-3317
  1878-3325 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Taiwan LLC, 96 Chung Shan North Road, Section 2, Taipei, Taiwan.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: Prior studies on pharmacists and smoking cessation have focused on 
community-based professionals. The purpose of this study was to survey the 
knowledge, attitude, and practice of smoking cessation of hospital-based 
pharmacists in Taiwan. Methods: Pharmacists of 23 hospitals in Taiwan were 
sampled using stratified randomization. A questionnaire included 10 
multiple-choice questions that measured knowledge about smoking cessation, 
10 questions on attitude using a five-point scale, and 10 questions on 
practice using a five-point scale. Results: A total of 769 participants 
completed the survey questionnaire. The valid response rate was 70.88%, 
among which 688 participants (89.5%) had never smoked, 50 (6.5%) were former 
smokers, and 31 (4.0%) current smokers. Only 211 pharmacists (28.74%) 
received education, at least once, on assisting patients with smoking 
cessation. The mean score on the knowledge section of the questionnaire was 
5.12 ± 2.36. Nonsmoking pharmacists had a more positive attitude toward 
their role in smoking cessation than current smokers (38.98 ± 4.64 vs. 36.58 
± 5.54, p < 0.05). Approximately 10% of the pharmacists actively assessed a 
patient's smoking status, provided information, or assisted patients in 
smoking cessation prior to the survey time. Conclusion: The smoking rate 
among hospital pharmacists in Taiwan was 4%, which was significantly lower 
than that of 20% of the general population. Future efforts should include 
education and training, encouraging pharmacists who are current smokers to 
stop smoking, and actively assisting patients in smoking cessation. 
Addressing tobacco dependence should be part of the standard of care for 
pharmacists as well as education on smoking cessation. © 2012.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital pharmacist
  pharmacist
  pharmacist attitude
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical practice
  female
  health care survey
  human
  male
  paramedical education
  patient care
  patient education
  priority journal
  smoking
  structured questionnaire
  Taiwan
  tobacco dependence
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012523212
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecm.2012.06.003
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 354
TITLE
  Safety of non-prescription medications: Knowledge and attitude of community 
pharmacy customers in saudi arabia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Aljadhey H.
  Assiri G.
  Adam M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Aljadhey H.; Assiri G.; Adam M.) Medication Safety Research Dep., King Saud 
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Aljadhey, Medication Safety Research Dep., King Saud University, Riyadh, 
Saudi Arabia.
SOURCE
  Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (2012) 21 SUPPL. 3 (227). Date of 
Publication: August 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  28th International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapeutic Risk 
Management, ICPE 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Barcelona, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-08-23 to 2012-08-26
ISSN
  1053-8569
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: The use of prescription medications as over the counter (OTC ) 
is an increasing and under-recognized problem that can lead to death and 
poisoning associated with abuse and misuse, antibiotics resistance and 
misuse, adverse drug reactions, drug dependence, hospitalization and drug- 
drug interactions. Objectives: The objective of the study was to measure the 
frequency of dispensing prescription and non- prescription medications, 
customers' knowledge and attitude toward medication safety, measure the 
frequency of illegally dispensing prescription medications without a 
prescription in community pharmacies in Riyadh city and customers' source 
and access to medical information. Methods: This prospective cross sectional 
study was conducted at community pharmacies in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. 
Over 4 weeks (May - June) 2011, Five pharmacy students collected 428 self 
administered questionnaires from customers who were buying prescription or 
non- prescription medications. Results: A total of 428 patients participated 
in the survey. Out of 203 patients had non-prescription medications, 89 
patients obtain their medications as OTC although they need prescription. 
The percentage of dispensing medication without prescription to the total of 
prescription medications is 30%. More than 66% patient knows that there 
should be a prescription for their prescription medications. The reason for 
buying medication without prescription was not avoiding the cost of doctors' 
visits. The source of medications information in the majority of patient 80% 
are doctors or pharmacists. Conclusions: Dispensing prescription medications 
as OTC was inappropriate. Although knowledge and attitude of customers 
toward safe use of non prescription medications show safe attitude, but 
there were misuse and abuse and an exchange of psychiatric and other 
medications in large quantities. There should be control and restriction of 
medications including quantities dispensed and not limiting it to 
antibiotics only, but also medications that are in the risk of misuse by the 
patient.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  drug therapy
  pharmacoepidemiology
  pharmacy
  prescription
  risk management
  safety
  Saudi Arabia
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adverse drug reaction
  city
  cross-sectional study
  death
  drug dependence
  drug interaction
  hospitalization
  human
  intoxication
  medical information
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  physician
  questionnaire
  risk
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3324
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 355
TITLE
  Gabapentin effect on pain associated with heroin withdrawal in Iranian 
crack: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
AUTHOR NAMES
  Behnam B.
  Semnani V.
  Saghafi N.
  Ghorbani R.
  Shori M.D.
  Choobmasjedi S.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Behnam B.; Saghafi N.) Psychiatry Group, Semnan University of Medical 
Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
(Semnani V., vahidsemnani1345@yahoo.com) Pathology Department, Semnan 
University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
(Ghorbani R.) Epidemiology Group, Semnan University of Medicine, Semnan, 
Iran.
(Shori M.D.; Choobmasjedi S.G.) Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 
Semnan, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Semnani, Pathology Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 
Semnan, Iran. Email: vahidsemnani1345@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2012) 11:3 (979-983). Date of 
Publication: August 2012
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Gabapentin seems to be a safe and well tolerated medication for treating 
heroine dependence. This study examined the efficacy of gabapentin for 
relieving withdrawal-related pain due to heroin use. Sixty men were 
recruited from an inpatient psychiatric ward of Fatemieh hospital in Semnan 
and randomized to receive either placebo (n = 30) or gabapentin (1800 
mg/day) (n = 30) for 7 days. Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) was 
measured as a self-administered scale for grading body pain at baseline, and 
on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Mean of pain score had a significant decrease 
trend in both gabapentin and placebo groups. Pain severity during the most 
of detoxification duration was significantly lower in gabapentin group 
compared with the placebo group. It is suggested that gabapentin may have an 
effective role in removing heroin withdrawal-related pain. © 2012 by School 
of PharmacyShaheed.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  gabapentin (clinical trial, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  clonidine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug withdrawal
  heroin dependence
  pain (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  withdrawal related pain (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  article
  bedtime dosage
  controlled study
  detoxification
  disease severity
  double blind procedure
  drug efficacy
  human
  Iran
  major clinical study
  male
  pain assessment
  randomized controlled trial
  treatment duration
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012488851
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 356
TITLE
  A clinical knowledge measurement tool to assess the ability of community 
pharmacists to detect drug-related problems
AUTHOR NAMES
  Williams M.
  Peterson G.M.
  Tenni P.C.
  Bindoff I.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Williams M., Mackenzie.Williams@utas.edu.au; Peterson G.M.; Tenni P.C.; 
Bindoff I.K.) School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, 
Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Williams, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, 
Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. Email: Mackenzie.Williams@utas.edu.au
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 20:4 (238-248). Date of 
Publication: August 2012
ISSN
  0961-7671
  2042-7174 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press, 1 Lambeth High Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Drug-related problems (DRPs) are associated with significant 
morbidity and mortality, with most DRPs thought to be preventable. Community 
pharmacists can detect and either prevent or resolve many of these DRPs. A 
survey-based clinical knowledge measurement tool was designed and validated 
to estimate a community pharmacist's clinical knowledge and ability to 
detect and appropriately resolve DRPs. Methods Nine clinical cases with 
seven multiple-choice statements (63 statements in total) were constructed, 
based on scenarios that were found to occur frequently in Australian 
community pharmacies. The statements aimed to assess a pharmacist's ability 
to identify, gather relevant information about and make appropriate 
recommendations to resolve, a DRP. The survey was pilot tested with 18 
academics at three Australian pharmacy schools, resulting in the removal of 
23 statements. The survey was then administered to undergraduate pharmacy 
students (28 fourth-year, 41 third-year and 42 first-year students) and to 
433 Australian community pharmacists who were participating in an 
intervention documentation trial. The pharmacists' resultant survey scores 
were correlated against their actual rate of documenting clinical 
interventions. Results The tool had relatively good internal consistency. 
Significant differences were seen between the three groups of students (P < 
0.01). Community pharmacists with additional clinical qualifications had a 
significantly higher score than other participating pharmacists (P < 0.01). 
A moderate, but significant, correlation was seen between the pharmacists' 
survey score and their clinical intervention rate in practice during the 
trial (P < 0.01). Conclusion The clinical knowledge measurement tool 
appeared to estimate a pharmacist's ability to detect and resolve DRPs 
within the community pharmacy environment. © 2012 Royal Pharmaceutical 
Society.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (drug therapy)
  amitriptyline (adverse drug reaction, drug combination)
  amoxicillin (drug therapy)
  atorvastatin
  clopidogrel
  digoxin
  esomeprazole
  fluticasone propionate plus salmeterol xinafoate (drug therapy)
  furosemide (drug therapy)
  glyceryl trinitrate
  indapamide (drug combination)
  isosorbide mononitrate
  isosorbide mononitrate (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  ketoprofen
  lercanidipine (adverse drug reaction)
  methadone
  methotrexate
  metronidazole
  pantoprazole (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  paracetamol (drug therapy)
  paroxetine
  perindopril (drug combination)
  prednisolone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  ramipril (drug combination)
  salbutamol (drug therapy, inhalational drug administration)
  tiotropium bromide
  tramadol
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical assessment tool
  pharmacist
  professional knowledge
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abscess (drug therapy)
  adult
  aged
  article
  atrial fibrillation
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  clinical article
  coronary artery disease (side effect)
  correlation analysis
  disease exacerbation (side effect)
  female
  gastrointestinal hemorrhage (side effect)
  heart arrhythmia
  heart failure
  human
  hypertension
  iatrogenic disease
  leg swelling (drug therapy)
  male
  medical student
  osteoarthritis (drug therapy)
  peripheral edema (side effect)
  pilot study
  priority journal
  respiratory tract disease (drug therapy)
  thorax pain (drug therapy)
  undergraduate student
  xerostomia (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  amoxicillin (26787-78-0, 34642-77-8, 61336-70-7)
  atorvastatin (134523-00-5, 134523-03-8)
  clopidogrel (113665-84-2, 120202-66-6, 90055-48-4, 94188-84-8)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  esomeprazole (119141-88-7, 161796-84-5, 202742-32-3, 217087-09-7, 
217087-10-0)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  glyceryl trinitrate (55-63-0)
  indapamide (26807-65-8)
  isosorbide 5 nitrate (16051-77-7)
  isosorbide mononitrate (1320-91-8)
  ketoprofen (22071-15-4, 57495-14-4)
  lercanidipine (100427-26-7, 132866-11-6)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  methotrexate (15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5)
  metronidazole (39322-38-8, 443-48-1)
  pantoprazole (102625-70-7)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  perindopril (82834-16-0, 99149-83-4)
  prednisolone (50-24-8)
  ramipril (87333-19-5)
  salbutamol (18559-94-9, 35763-26-9)
  tiotropium bromide (136310-93-5)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012402881
MEDLINE PMID
  22775520 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22775520)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00188.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 357
TITLE
  Computerized physician order entry system combined with on-ward pharmacist: 
Analysis of pharmacists' interventions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bedouch P.
  Tessier A.
  Baudrant M.
  Labarere J.
  Foroni L.
  Calop J.
  Bosson J.-L.
  Allenet B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bedouch P., pbedouch@chu-grenoble.fr; Tessier A.; Baudrant M.; Foroni L.; 
Calop J.; Allenet B.) Pharmacy Department, Grenoble University Hospital, 
Grenoble, France.
(Bedouch P., pbedouch@chu-grenoble.fr; Baudrant M.; Labarere J.; Calop J.; 
Bosson J.-L.; Allenet B.) UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525/Themas, 
Grenoble, France.
(Labarere J.) Quality of Care Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, 
France.
(Bosson J.-L.) Clinical Research Centre, Grenoble University Hospital, 
Grenoble, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Bedouch, Pôle Pharmacie, Pavillon Vercors, CHU Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 
Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Email: pbedouch@chu-grenoble.fr
SOURCE
  Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice (2012) 18:4 (911-918). Date of 
Publication: August 2012
ISSN
  1356-1294
  1365-2753 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Rationale, aims and objectives: To analyse pharmacists' interventions in a 
setting where a computerized physician order entry system (CPOE) is in use 
and a pharmacist works on the ward. Method: A prospective cohort study was 
conducted in seven wards of a French teaching hospital using CPOE along with 
the presence of a full-time on-ward pharmacy resident. We documented the 
characteristics of pharmacists' interventions communicated to physicians 
during the medication order validation process whenever a drug-related 
problem was identified. Independent predictors of the physician's acceptance 
of the pharmacist's intervention were assessed using multiple logistic 
regression analysis. Results: The 448 pharmacists' interventions concerned: 
non-conformity to guidelines or contraindications (22%), too high doses 
(19%), drug interactions (15%) and improper administration (15%). The 
interventions consisted of changes in drug choice (41%), dose adjustment 
(23%), drug monitoring (19%) and optimization of administration (17%). 
Interventions were communicated via the CPOE in 57% of cases and 43% orally. 
The rate of physicians' acceptance was 79.2%. In multivariate analysis, 
acceptance was significantly associated with the physician's status [higher 
for residents vs. seniors: OR = 7.23, CI 95 (2.37-22.10), P < 0.01], method 
of communication [higher for oral vs. computer communication: OR = 12.5, CI 
95 (4.16-37.57), P < 0.01] and type of recommendation [higher for drug 
monitoring vs. drug choice recommendations: OR = 10.32, CI 95 (3.20-33.29), 
P < 0.01]. Conclusions: When a clinical pharmacist is present on a ward in 
which a CPOE is in use, the pharmacists' interventions are well accepted by 
physicians. Specific predictors of the acceptance by physicians emerge, but 
further research as to the impact of CPOE on pharmacist-physician 
communication is needed. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  computerized provider order entry
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  clinical trial
  cohort analysis
  cooperation
  drug monitoring
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  multivariate logistic regression analysis
  physician
  practice guideline
  prescription
  priority journal
  teaching hospital
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012381577
MEDLINE PMID
  21689216 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689216)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01704.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 358
TITLE
  London 2012: A prompt for pharmacists to learn about managing athletes' 
health
AUTHOR NAMES
  Prydderch C.
  Khideja N.
  Berry J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Prydderch C.; Khideja N.; Berry J., j.d.berry@mema.keele.ac-uk) School of 
Pharmacy, Keele University, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Berry, School of Pharmacy, Keele University, United Kingdom. Email: 
j.d.berry@mema.keele.ac-uk
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2012) 289:7714 (64). Date of Publication: 14 Jul 
2012
ISSN
  0031-6873
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press, 1 Lambeth High Street, London, United Kingdom.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  athlete
  occupational health
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  doping
  human
  postgraduate education
  questionnaire
  short survey
  sport
  United Kingdom
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Physiology (2)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012456647
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 359
TITLE
  Recovering substance-impaired pharmacists' views regarding occupational 
risks for addiction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Merlo L.J.
  Cummings S.M.
  Cottler L.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Merlo L.J., lmerlo@ufl.edu; Cummings S.M.; Cottler L.B.) School of 
Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States.
(Merlo L.J., lmerlo@ufl.edu) College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 
100183, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
(Cummings S.M.) Numeroff and Associates, St. Louis, MO, United States.
(Cottler L.B.) College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of 
Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.J. Merlo, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100183, 
Gainesville, FL 32610, United States. Email: lmerlo@ufl.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:4 (480-491). Date 
of Publication: July-August 2012
ISSN
  1544-3191
  1544-3450 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, 2215 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To better understand the occupational risks for substance use 
disorders among pharmacists and possibilities for improved prevention. 
Design: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. Setting: A 
southeastern state from December 2008 to April 2009. Participants: 32 
participants (72.7% men) from the impaired professionals monitoring groups 
in the geographic regions within the state that had the greatest number of 
physicians, pharmacists, and allied health professionals currently under 
monitoring contracts for substance use disorders. Intervention: Guided group 
discussions regarding substance use among health care providers. Main 
outcome measures: Persistent occupational risks for development of a 
substance use disorder among pharmacists. Results: Several occupational 
hazards unique to the pharmacy profession might contribute to the problem of 
substance use disorders among some members of this population, including 
increased access to potent drugs of abuse, a stressful/unpleasant working 
environment, a culture that unofficially condones medication diversion, lack 
of education related to addiction, and lack of support for individuals 
seeking treatment. Conclusion: These results have important implications for 
the education of student pharmacists, the continuing education of licensed 
pharmacists, and the management of pharmacies in which these individuals 
work. Given the potential occupational risks for substance abuse associated 
with the pharmacy profession, additional training, monitoring, changes to 
the work environment, and increased confidential access to treatment may be 
needed to safeguard pharmacy professionals and the communities they serve.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anxiolytic agent
  opiate
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  occupational hazard
  pharmacist
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  continuing education
  cross-sectional study
  female
  health care personnel
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical education
  occupational therapist
  physician
  respiratory therapist
  work environment
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013810262
MEDLINE PMID
  22825228 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22825228)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10214
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 360
TITLE
  A successful role for a “Pain pharmacist” in a large academic teaching 
practice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tishler L.
  Matthews M.
  Ross E.
  Jamison R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tishler L.; Matthews M.; Ross E.; Jamison R.) Brigham and Women's Hospital, 
Boston, United States.
(Matthews M.) Mass College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Tishler, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of General Internal Medicine (2012) 27 SUPPL. 2 (S514). Date of 
Publication: July 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  35th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, SGIM 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Orlando, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-05-09 to 2012-05-12
ISSN
  0884-8734
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York
ABSTRACT
  STATEMENT OF PROBLEM OR QUESTION (ONE SENTENCE): How can teaching practices 
help residents and staff learn the best practices for caring for patients 
with chronic pain? OBJECTIVES OF PROGRAM/INTERVENTION (NO MORE THAN THREE 
OBJECTIVES): 1. To help patients with chronic pain in a familiar setting. 2. 
To help residents and faculty learn best practices for monitoring patients 
on opioids. 3. To facilitate team-based care. DESCRIPTION OF 
PROGRAM/INTERVENTION, INCLUDING ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT (E.G. INPATIENT VS. 
OUTPATIENT, PRACTICE OR COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS): Our practice is a large 
academic teaching practice. Like many teaching practices, we are challenged 
by patients with chronic pain. Our desire to help treat their pain is 
balanced by our concerns about addiction, aberrant behavior, and drug 
diversion. While we have a wonderful consultative pain service, the care of 
these patients is often best done in the practice. Yet, particularly for 
newer physicians, at both the resident and faculty level, this care can be 
quite challenging. Working together with our pain service, we discussed ways 
that we might improve patient care.We have had success with a clinical 
pharmacist for co-management of chronic diseases and ultimately, the Jen 
Center and the pain service decided to try embedding a pharmacist with 
particular interest in chronic pain into our practice. Our “pain pharmacist” 
comes to the practice one afternoon/week, where she is free to meet with 
patients as well as consult with residents and staff. In her downtime in our 
practice, she is reviewing our log of patients on chronic opioids and 
helping tomake suggestions for better processes and protocols. When she is 
not in the practice, she easily and quickly consults with residents, 
faculty, and staff via phone or e-mail. She has integrated well and it's 
made a huge impact on our practice and resident experience. MEASURES OF 
SUCCESS (DISCUSS QUALITATIVE AND/OR QUANTITATIVE METRICSWHICHWILLBE USED 
TOEVALUATE PROGRAM/INTERVENTION): We will use the following measures to help 
us determine success of the program. These questions speak to both the need 
for improved knowledge and process. 1. Treatment of chronic pain is an issue 
in my practice (pretest response was 53/59 respondents agreed) 2. I am 
confident in my ability to manage chronic pain (pretest: 22/ 59 respondents 
agreed) 3. I always follow a defined protocol when I prescribe opioids. 
(pretest:14/59 respondents agreed) 4. I am afraid that my patients will 
become addicted if I prescribe chronic opioids (38/59 respondents agreed) 
FINDINGS TO DATE (IT IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO STATE “FINDINGS WILL BE 
DISCUSSED”): While our post intervention study has not yet been completed, 
we have found that the embedded pain pharmacist has been quite successful in 
the following areas: 1. The availability of a real-time consultant has been 
extremely helpful in guiding us towards best practice. We see, for example, 
more appropriate use of urine screens and pain agreements in the practice. 
2. As we move toward a PCMH model, the embedded pharmacist has been an 
excellent example of collaborative, team-based care. 3. An embedded pain 
pharmacist in primary care has helped enhance communications between our 
practice and the pain service. KEY LESSONS FOR DISSEMINATION (WHAT CAN 
OTHERS TAKE AWAY FOR IMPLEMENTATION TO THEIR PRACTICE OR COMMUNITY?): Key 
lessons from our project to date include: 1. There is tremendous value in 
working collaboratively with specialty services, but keeping care based 
within a primary care practice. 2. Without adding FTE resources, we can 
provide improved care for patients with chronic pain who use opioids. 3. 
There is tremendous need for improved care and communication to allow 
primary care physicians to manage opioids independently and competently.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  internal medicine
  pain
  pharmacist
  society
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  behavior disorder
  chronic disease
  chronic pain
  consultation
  e-mail
  embedding
  general practitioner
  hospital patient
  interpersonal communication
  intervention study
  model
  monitoring
  patient
  physician
  primary medical care
  urine
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 361
TITLE
  Ambulatory pharmacy services specializing in chronic pain and opioid 
management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Su V.
  Ng K.
  Murphy L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Su V.; Ng K.; Murphy L.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Su,
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmacists Journal (2012) 145:4 (S20). Date of Publication: July 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  Canadian Pharmacists Association Conference, CPhA 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Whistler, BC, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-06-01 to 2012-06-04
ISSN
  1715-1635
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  ISSUE: Innovative clinical pharmacy services provide medication management 
for patients with chronic non-cancer pain at Altum Health, an 
interprofessional ambulatory clinic funded through third-party payers. 
Pharmacists complete assessments in collaboration with consultant physicians 
and psychiatrists at the request of the payer, focusing on chronic pain, 
opioid dependence and mental health disorders. Services include a report 
outlining an opioid management plan with other medication recommendations 
for implementation by the patients' primary care provider. SOLUTION AND HOW 
IT WORKS: Selected patients are referred for interprofessional group or 
individualized treatment programs for opioid management, which include 
pharmacist education, monitoring of opioid rotations, opioid tapering, 
inpatient medical withdrawal at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health 
and/or initiation of methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy. 
Participation is contingent on payer approval. OUTCOMES: After the initial 
pilot with a 0.5 full-time equivalent (FTE) pharmacist in 2010, pharmacy 
services have expanded to 3 FTE positions. The pharmacists are hired by the 
University Health Network Pharmacy Department and are contracted to Altum 
Health. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Billing data from 2011 indicate that 
pharmacists completed 263 interprofessional assessments and 99 treatment 
consultations for 65 patients. Pharmacy services expanded to all 5 Altum 
Health satellite clinics across Ontario with the use of video-conferencing 
equipment to provide live pharmacist-patient interactions. Preliminary 
outcome data show that 6 patients completed treatment in 2011 and achieved 
an average 25% reduction in daily morphine equivalent dose. Data collection 
is ongoing. The success of the treatment program is occasionally limited by 
a patient's motivation, funding or difficulty in implementing the treatment 
plan with the primary care provider.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine
  methadone
  morphine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain
  hospital department
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  Canada
  cancer pain
  clinical pharmacy
  consultation
  diseases
  drug therapy
  education
  funding
  health
  hospital
  hospital patient
  information processing
  maintenance therapy
  mental health
  monitoring
  motivation
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  primary medical care
  psychiatrist
  university
  videoconferencing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 362
TITLE
  Teaching methadone management strategies to medical students in a case-based 
learning paradigm
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jouney E.A.
  Brower K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jouney E.A.; Brower K.) University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.A. Jouney, University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, United 
States.
SOURCE
  American Journal on Addictions (2012) 21:4 (385). Date of Publication: 
July-August 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  22nd Annual Meeting and Symposium of the American Academy of Addiction 
Psychiatry, AAAP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Scottsdale, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-12-08 to 2011-12-11
ISSN
  1055-0496
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: The purpose of this project is to measure the effectiveness of a 
case-based small group discussion format in teaching third-year medical 
students the basics of methadone management in the medically hospitalized 
opioid-dependent patient. Methadone is a drug that is often misunderstood, 
and misrepresented, partly due to the negative stigmatization that plagues 
the culture of methadone maintenance therapy. Most third-year medical 
students do not possess the fundamental understandings ofmethadone 
maintenance treatment, and also fail to recognize some of the legal and 
often life-threatening pharmacological characteristics of this drug. These 
misunderstandings can often lead to a multitude of adverse outcomes, 
including iatrogenic drug overdose, the mismanagement of acute pain 
syndromes in the methadone maintenance patient, and a failure to abide by 
the basic legalities governing methadone maintenance treatment. Our 
hypothesis is that a small group teaching session based on a case discussion 
can facilitate the learning of these critical medical concepts in the target 
population. Methods: 21 third-year medical students at the University of 
Michigan were randomly divided into five cohorts, consisting of 3-6 students 
each. Each group was provided with a case summary of a female patient with 
opioid dependence who was inappropriately managed with methadone during an 
inpatient medical admission. A 60-minute discussion followed, which was led 
by an addiction psychiatry fellow. The discussion aimed to highlight the key 
points of the case, and to give instruction on the clinically relevant 
concepts in opioid dependence and methadone pharmacology. Students were 
given a pre-test before the discussion, which consisted of 10 multiple 
choice questions regarding some of the legal and pharmacological 
characteristics of methadone pertinent to patient care. For each question 
one of the choices read: “I don't know, I would be guessing.” This was to 
eliminate the possibility of correct answers based on guessing alone. 
Additionally, students were asked not to guess, and to choose an answer only 
if they were reasonably sure that their choice was correct. After the case 
discussion, the students were given a post-test, which was exactly the same 
as the pre-test. They were not informed of the post-test until the very end 
of the discussion. This was to eliminate the possibility of note taking or 
selective retention during the discussion. The difference between the pre- 
and post-test scores was compared to access the effectiveness of this 
teaching model. Results:Apaired samples t testwas conducted to test the 
effectiveness of this small group discussion model. On average, the post 
test scores were 52.3 (SD = 14.8) percentage points higher compared to 
pre-test scores- (t (20) = 16.2, p < 0.0005). The mean pre-test score was 
37.1% (SD = 15.5) and the mean post-test score was 89.5% (SD = 12.0). There 
was no statistically significant difference found in the pre- and post-test 
scores between the individual cohorts. Conclusions: The use of a small group 
case-based discussion teaching paradigm was effective in the shortterm at 
educating third-year medical students on the key concepts of methadone 
prescribing in the medically hospitalized opioid-dependent patient.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  human
  learning
  medical student
  psychiatry
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse outcome
  drug induced disease
  drug overdose
  female
  hospital patient
  hypothesis
  maintenance therapy
  methadone treatment
  model
  multiple choice test
  pain
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacology
  plague
  population
  student
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00241.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 363
TITLE
  Efficacy of an over-the-counter intervention follow-up program in community 
pharmacies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bosse N.
  Machado M.
  Mistry A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bosse N., neetaroo@aol.com) Walgreens Patient Care Centers, Massachusetts 
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States.
(Machado M.; Mistry A.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Massachusetts 
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Bosse, Walgreens Patient Care Center, 20 Weston St., Waltham, MA 02453, 
United States. Email: neetaroo@aol.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:4 (535-540). Date 
of Publication: July-August 2012
ISSN
  1544-3191
  1544-3450 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association, 2215 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To evaluate whether patient adherence to appropriate self-care 
advice from a pharmacist or professional year 4 (PY4) advanced pharmacy 
practice experience (APPE) student provides satisfactory symptom relief. 
Setting: Two community pharmacies in the same chain in Massachusetts from 
mid-December 2009 to June 2010. Practice description: Pharmacists and PY4 
APPE students offered a follow-up phone call to patients who were seeking or 
had accepted the offer for self-care advice for themselves or others for 
whom they are primary caregivers. Practice innovation: Patients were 
provided detailed counseling documented on an over-the-counter (OTC) 
intervention document, administered a point-of-care survey, offered a 
follow-up phone call(s), and then administered a follow-up survey. Main 
outcome measures: Patient demographics, point-of-care survey assessing 
current use and perceived benefit from a pharmacist's consultation, 
intervention document assessing potential medication-related problems, and 
follow-up telephone survey assessing patient adherence to advice, symptom 
relief, and satisfaction with the service. Results: Of the 207 patients 
offered a follow-up phone call, 83 accepted. Of these, 54 completed one call 
and 9 completed two calls. Of those who completed one phone call and claimed 
complete adherence to advice provided, 38 (82.6%) experienced great symptom 
relief. Three patients followed advice only partially and experienced the 
same level of improvement. More than 75% of patients classified the 
follow-up as "very helpful," felt that it led to greater symptom 
improvement, and would like to see this service offered all of the time. 
Conclusion: Pharmacist intervention in OTC therapy is widely accepted and 
can lead to improved patient outcomes.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  follow up
  patient compliance
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  drug misuse
  female
  hospital department
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacist
  self care
  symptom
  telephone interview
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013810271
MEDLINE PMID
  22825235 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22825235)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10093
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 364
TITLE
  Smoking dependence and common psychiatric disorders in medical students: 
Cross-sectional study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ashor A.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ashor A.W., ammar_w_78@yahoo.com) Department of Pharmacology, College of 
Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, PO Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. W. Ashor, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, 
Al-Mustansiriya University, PO Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq. Email: 
ammar_w_78@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences (2012) 28:4 (670-674). Date of 
Publication: July-September 2012
ISSN
  1682-024X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Professional Medical Publications, Raja Ghazanfar Ali Road, Saddar, Karachi, 
Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: Exploring the variable effect of the degree of smoking 
dependence on the level of anxiety and depression symptoms among medical 
students. Methodology: This cross-section study, conducted in the Department 
of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, 
Baghdad-Iraq from December 2010 to May 2011, involving 300 medical students 
selected by cluster random sampling techniques. Those students completed the 
Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, Zung self-report depression scale and the 
Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence with a value of six or more regarded 
as heavy smokers, and a value less than six considered as light smokers. 
Results: The response rate was 89%, heavy smokers were signifcantly older 
and start smoking at an earlier age than non- and light smokers (p=0.001). 
Heavy smokers associated with high chance of depressive symptoms in 
comparison with non-smokers (OR=4.8, C.I.=1.752-13.677) and light smokers 
(OR=4.2, C.I.=1.042-17.161). Regarding anxiety symptoms, heavy smokers 
demonstrate high chance of anxiety symptoms in comparison with non-smokers 
(OR=5.2, C.I.=1.826-15.176), and light smokers (OR=4.5, C.I.=1.318-15.526). 
Conclusions: Heavy smokers differ from non- and light smokers, associated 
with high risk of anxiety and depression, therefore heavy smoking tends to 
deteriorate rather than ameliorate these symptoms.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anxiety
  depression
  medical student
  smoking
  tobacco dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  assessment of humans
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  disease association
  fagerstrom test
  female
  Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
  high risk population
  human
  Iraq
  male
  onset age
  smoking habit
  Zung self report depression scale
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012487492
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 365
TITLE
  Institutional Profile: The Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized 
Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University: Advancing psychiatric drug 
treatment
AUTHOR NAMES
  McClay J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McClay J.L., jlmcclay@vcu.edu) Center for Biomarker Research and 
Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, McGuire Hall, 1112 
East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.L. McClay, Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, 
Virginia Commonwealth University, McGuire Hall, 1112 East Clay Street, 
Richmond, VA 23298, United States. Email: jlmcclay@vcu.edu
SOURCE
  Personalized Medicine (2012) 9:5 (479-483). Date of Publication: July 2012
ISSN
  1741-0541
  1744-828X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Future Medicine Ltd., 2nd Albert Place, Finchley Central, London, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  The Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine is a small, 
focused and technology-driven organization, sited within the School of 
Pharmacy on the Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth 
University. The Center was established in 2006, with a mission to improve 
understanding and treatment of psychiatric disease by employing the latest 
advances in molecular biology, informatics and statistics. We take the 
philosophy that large-scale, exploratory studies are crucial to achieve our 
aims because strong biological associations have been historically absent 
for psychiatric disorders. Our work follows two main streams: the first 
being disease biomarker research, such as discovering genes contributing 
risk for schizophrenia or depression. The second stream is the discovery of 
biomarkers for therapeutic drug response, where our genome-wide association 
studies of antipsychotic and antidepressant response have yielded multiple 
new leads. With the recent success of large-scale biological investigations 
of psychiatric disorders, we are very optimistic about the future. By 
engaging cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation DNA sequencing, 
coupled with biological data integration, we may further probe the 
biological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders and response to drug 
treatment. © 2012 Future Medicine Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anticonvulsive agent
  antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  chlorpromazine (drug therapy)
  lithium (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  neurotransmitter (endogenous compound)
  transcriptome (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  personalized medicine
  psychopharmacotherapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism (etiology)
  behavior disorder
  DNA methylation
  DNA sequence
  drug efficacy
  drug industry
  drug response
  drug safety
  gene mapping
  genetic association
  genetic variability
  human
  human genome
  hyperglycemia (side effect)
  major depression (drug therapy)
  mania (drug therapy)
  priority journal
  review
  schizophrenia (drug therapy)
  side effect (side effect)
  treatment outcome
  United States
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  weight gain
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  chlorpromazine (50-53-3, 69-09-0)
  lithium (7439-93-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012450985
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pme.12.52
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 366
TITLE
  Pharmacy student knowledge retention after completing either a simulated or 
written patient case.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ray S.M.
  Wylie D.R.
  Shaun Rowe A.
  Heidel E.
  Franks A.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ray S.M.) University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of 
Pharmacy, Knoxville, USA.
(Wylie D.R.; Shaun Rowe A.; Heidel E.; Franks A.S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.M. Ray, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 
Knoxville, USA. Email: smray@uthsc.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2012) 76:5 (86). Date of 
Publication: 18 Jun 2012
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To determine pharmacy students' knowledge retention from and comfort level 
with a patient-case simulation compared with a written patient case. 
Pharmacy students were randomly assigned to participate in either a written 
patient case or a simulated patient case in which a high-fidelity mannequin 
was used to portray a patient experiencing a narcotic and acetaminophen 
overdose. Participants' responses on a multiple-choice test and a survey 
instrument administered before the case, immediately after the case, and 25 
days later indicated that participation in the simulated patient case did 
not result in greater knowledge retention or comfort level than 
participation in the written patient case. Students' knowledge improved 
post-intervention regardless of which teaching method was used. Although 
further research is needed to determine whether the use of simulation in the 
PharmD curriculum is equivalent or superior to other teaching methods, 
students' enthusiasm for learning in a simulated environment where they can 
safely apply patient care skills make this technology worth exploring.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  narcotic analgesic agent (drug toxicity)
  paracetamol (drug toxicity)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude to health
  audiovisual equipment
  education
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical competence
  clinical trial
  comparative study
  computer program
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  curriculum
  drug misuse
  human
  long term memory
  methodology
  patient care
  randomized controlled trial
  teaching
  time
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22761527 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22761527)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 367
TITLE
  Differences in perceived stress and its correlates among students in 
professional courses
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mane Abhay B.
  Krishnakumar M.K.
  Niranjan Paul C.
  Hiremath Shashidhar G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mane Abhay B., drabmane@yahoo.co.in; Niranjan Paul C.; Hiremath Shashidhar 
G.) Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Hospital 
Mantralayam Road, Raichur-584103, Karnataka, India.
(Krishnakumar M.K.) S.U.T Academy of Medical Sciences, Vencode.P.O, 
Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram-695028, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. B. Mane, Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, 
Hospital Mantralayam Road, Raichur-584103, Karnataka, India. Email: 
drabmane@yahoo.co.in
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (2012) 5:6 (1228-1233). Date of 
Publication: 2012
ISSN
  2249-782X
  0973-709X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 71 Veer Nagar,G.T. Road, Delhi, 
India.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Medical education is perceived as being stressful, with negative 
effects on the mental health of the students. Previous studies have shown 
relatively high levels of distress among medical students, such as symptoms 
of depression and suicidal thoughts. Only few studies have tried to explore 
the stress among medical students, but none have compared it with those 
among the paramedical and non medical students. Objective: To explore the 
differences and the correlates of perceived stress among students in 
professional courses. Materials And Method: The data was analyzed from 282 
students who were studying different courses, by sampling with a probability 
proportional to size through an anonymous, selfadministered questionnaire 
which covered socio-demographic data, stressors and a perceived stress 
scale. Results: The prevalence of perceived stress by using the PSS scale 
was found to be 50% in the study subjects. The mean PSS score was the 
highest for dental (29.5) and the lowest for pharmacy (23.2) students. The 
difference in the mean PSS scores among the students of different courses 
was statistically significant. No statistical difference was noted in 
perceived stress between the male and female students (P> 0.05). The main 
sources of stress were found to be related to physical and academic factors. 
The main coping strategies which were adopted were, talking to family 
members or friends (41.1%), sleeping (16%), watching TV/movies (12.6%) and 
listening to music. 47.2% students felt a need for professional help during 
stress. Conclusion: High levels of perceived stress were found in dental 
students. The stressors at the campus should be identified, discussed with, 
and proper coping assistance should be provided to the individual students.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  school stress
  undergraduate student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  college student
  competition
  coping behavior
  dental student
  engineering student
  environmental factor
  family interaction
  female
  human
  interpersonal stress
  listening to music
  male
  medical student
  nursing student
  peer group
  Perceived Stress Scale
  pharmacy student
  physical therapy student
  psychologic test
  questionnaire
  recreation
  sex difference
  sleep
  sleep disorder
  social status
  student attitude
  substance abuse
  support group
  television viewing
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012308763
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 368
TITLE
  Socio-demographic characteristics of the addicted inmates of Qom and Tabriz 
prisons in Iran
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mohammadreza S.
  Mina I.
  Mohsen T.
  Mashayekhi S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mohammadreza S.) Neurosciences Research Centre, Tabriz University of 
Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
(Mina I.) Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz, Iran.
(Mohsen T.) Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical 
Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran.
(Mashayekhi S., mashayekhis@yahoo.co.uk) NPMC, Tabriz University of Medical 
Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran.
(Mohammadreza S.; Mina I.; Mashayekhi S., mashayekhis@yahoo.co.uk) Faculty 
of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Mashayekhi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 
Tabriz, Iran. Email: mashayekhis@yahoo.co.uk
SOURCE
  Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2012) 2:1 (61-69). Date of Publication: 
June 2012
ISSN
  2228-5881
  2251-7308 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to study the factors responsible 
for drug addiction amongst the inmates of Tabriz and Qom prisons, to further 
understand the reasons for drug abuse particularly in the young and find 
improved methods for combating these widespread problems. Methods: A 
multi-choice questionnaire was provided to inmates to potentially assess the 
reasons for their drug addiction psychiatric, personal, social, economical, 
and political factors were thought to be implicated. Two hundred drug 
addicted prisoners were individually interviewed randomly in both Tabriz and 
Qom prisons. A questionnaire including questions about the inmates' 
demographic characteristics and 49 multiple answers questions, was provided 
to identify the effects of different reasons for drug addiction for 
instance: psychiatric, personal, social, economical, and political factors. 
The collected data were analyzed by Student t-test and chi-squared test 
using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the following factors 
could lead to drug addiction e.g. company with addicted friends and 
offenders, curiosity, imitation, illiteracy, family problems, crowded 
family, poverty, unemployment, and lack of self confidence. There were 
significant differences between Tabriz and Qom prisoners in relation to age, 
starting age of addiction, job, income, education, class of addiction, 
marital status, and hobbies. Mean age, mean starting age of addiction, 
poverty, alcohol drinking before addiction, marital status, heroin 
addiction, codeine and benzodiazepines abuse were significantly greater for 
Tabriz prisoners than those of Qom. Conclusion: It is clear that the 
governmental programs for reducing unemployment, creation of safe hobbies, 
proper control on drug dispensing in the pharmacies, proper birth control 
programs, and encouragement to higher education could alleviate addiction 
problem in Iran. © 2012 by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
  codeine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  demography
  drug dependence
  prisoner
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  age distribution
  aged
  article
  awareness
  controlled study
  drinking behavior
  economic aspect
  education
  female
  friendship
  heroin dependence
  human
  Iran
  leisure
  major clinical study
  male
  marriage
  onset age
  personality
  politics
  poverty
  prison
  questionnaire
  randomized controlled trial
  sex difference
  social behavior
  socioeconomics
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  codeine (76-57-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2013149920
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5681/apb.2012.009
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 369
TITLE
  Physicians' beliefs about faith-based treatments for alcoholism
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lawrence R.E.
  Rasinski K.A.
  Yoon J.D.
  Koenig H.G.
  Meador K.G.
  Curlin F.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lawrence R.E., rlawrence@uchicago.edu) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia 
University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr., Box 103, New York, NY 10032, 
United States.
(Rasinski K.A.; Yoon J.D.; Curlin F.A.) Department of Medicine, University 
of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, United States.
(Koenig H.G.) Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, 
Durham, NC, United States.
(Meador K.G.) Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical 
Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.E. Lawrence, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 
1051 Riverside Dr., Box 103, New York, NY 10032, United States. Email: 
rlawrence@uchicago.edu
SOURCE
  Psychiatric Services (2012) 63:6 (597-604). Date of Publication: 1 Jun 2012
ISSN
  1075-2730
  1557-9700 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Psychiatric Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1825, 
Arlington, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The study examined physicians' beliefs about faith-based alcohol 
treatments vis-à-vis Alcoholics Anonymous, pharmacologic treatment, and 
residential treatment. Methods: A survey was mailed to a national sample of 
U.S. primary care physicians and psychiatrists. It included a brief vignette 
of a nominally religious 47-year-old man hospitalized for acute alcohol 
poisoning who requested addiction treatment. Physicians rated the likely 
effectiveness of three treatment methods: Alcoholics Anonymous, 
pharmacological therapy by an addiction specialist, and a residential 
program. Physicians were asked whether they would refer the patient to a 
faith-based program (beyond Alcoholics Anonymous) and whether an emphasis on 
spirituality is critical to 12- step program success. Results: The response 
rate was 896 of 1,427 (63%) for primary care physicians and 312 of 487 (64%) 
for psychiatrists. Psychiatrists were more likely to rate Alcoholics 
Anonymous as very effective (64% versus 57% of primary care physicians), 
more likely to rate residential treatment as very effective (47% versus 38% 
of primary care physicians), and more likely to rate pharmacologic therapy 
as very effective (31% versus 22% of primary care physicians). Psychiatrists 
and primary care physicians were equally likely to consider referring the 
patient to a faith-based program (71% and 79%) and equally likely to believe 
that "an emphasis on spirituality is critical to the success of 12-step 
programs" (81% and 85%). Conclusions: Psychiatrists were more optimistic 
than primary care physicians about all three treatments. Physicians in both 
specialties would refer even nominally religious patients to explicitly 
faith-based programs (beyond Alcoholics Anonymous). Physicians' enthusiasm 
for faith-based treatments highlights the need for scientific study of these 
treatments to determine which elements are most helpful for patients seeking 
recovery.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (rehabilitation, therapy)
  health belief
  physician attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  female
  general practitioner
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical practice
  patient participation
  patient referral
  psychiatrist
  rehabilitation care
  religion
  spiritual care
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (19)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012323779
MEDLINE PMID
  22476161 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22476161)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100315
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 370
TITLE
  Review of services provided by pharmacies that promote healthy living
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brown D.
  Portlock J.
  Rutter P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brown D., david.brown@port.ac.uk) University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, 
Hampshire, United Kingdom.
(Portlock J.) School of Pharmacy, University College, London, United 
Kingdom.
(Rutter P.) School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, 
United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Brown, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom. 
Email: david.brown@port.ac.uk
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:3 (399-409). Date of 
Publication: June 2012
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Background The recognition that community pharmacies have the potential to 
make a greater contribution to promoting public health has led to a new 
concept, called the Healthy Living Pharmacy (HLP). These are designed to 
meet public health needs through a tiered commissioning framework delivering 
health and well being services through community pharmacy, tailored to local 
requirements for tackling health inequalities. Aim To search the literature 
for quality evidence to support the inclusion of services in the HLP 
portfolio and suggest areas where more evidence is required. Method A 
systematic review of the research literature covering the period January 
1990-August 2011 inclusive, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pharmline, NHS Evidence 
and the Cochrane databases. On-line searching of the grey literature (e.g. 
conference proceedings) was also carried out. Standard methods of assessing 
quality were employed. Results A total of 377 papers were included. Over 
time, there was a marked increase in frequency of publications reflecting a 
growing pharmacy interest in the public healthcare agenda; over a third (35 
%) of papers appeared in the last three-year study period. The body of 
research had a wide geographical basis; contributions were as follows: UK 
(51.5 %), US (20.4 %), Australia/New Zealand (9.8 %), Europe (7.7 %) and 
Canada (7.2 %). The topics of contraception, cardiovascular disease 
prevention, diabetes and smoking cessation accounted for 40 % of included 
papers. The literature supports the introduction of specific community 
pharmacy services, targeted at customer groups, both with and without 
preexisting diseases. Good evidence exists for smoking cessation, 
cardiovascular disease prevention, hypertension and diabetes. Some good 
evidence exists for interventions on asthma and heart failure. The evidence 
supporting weight management, sexual health, osteoporosis detection, 
substance abuse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is weak and needs 
development. Conclusion There is strong evidence for the role of community 
pharmacy in a range of services, not only aimed at improving general health, 
but also maintaining the health of those with existing disease. In other 
areas, the evidence is less strong and further research is required to 
justify their inclusion in a HLP portfolio. © 2011 CARS.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  health services research
  healthy living pharmacy
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anticoagulation
  asthma
  Australia
  Canada
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  diabetes mellitus
  drug use
  emergency contraception
  Europe
  evidence based practice
  heart failure
  hormonal contraception
  human
  hypertension
  immunization
  intervention study
  medical research
  New Zealand
  osteoporosis (diagnosis)
  priority journal
  public health service
  publication
  quality control
  review
  sexual health
  smoking cessation
  substance abuse
  systematic review
  United Kingdom
  United States
  weight control
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012373283
MEDLINE PMID
  22527479 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22527479)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9634-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 371
TITLE
  The alcohol pharmacology education partnership: Educating high school 
students about alcohol
AUTHOR NAMES
  Godin E.A.
  Sikes S.S.
  Halpin M.J.
  Reiter J.P.
  Schwartz-Bloom R.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Godin E.A.; Sikes S.S.; Halpin M.J.; Reiter J.P.; Schwartz-Bloom R.D.) Duke 
University Medical Center, Durham, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.A. Godin, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2012) 36 SUPPL. 1 (251A). 
Date of Publication: June 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, RSA 
2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-06-23 to 2012-06-27
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  The Alcohol Pharmacology Education Partnership (APEP) was developed to help 
high school students learn about different aspects of alcohol pharmacology 
while reviewing concepts in biology and chemistry. A series of 4 teaching 
modules and an instructional curriculum (www.rise.duke.edu/apep) were 
developed that contained topics of interest to high school students such as 
“Alcohol, Cell Suicide, and the Adolescent Brain”. Previously, a small study 
showed that using a science-oriented curriculum to teach high school 
students about alcohol resulted in increased knowledge about alcohol, more 
negative attitudes toward drinking, and decreased alcohol consumption (Weiss 
and Moore, 1988). In the current study, we recruited 156 US teachers for 
professional development and to field-test the APEP modules in their 
classes. Before the teachers received any training, control data were 
obtained by testing approximately 7000 students for knowledge of basic 
biology and chemistry concepts as well as advanced biology and chemistry 
knowledge involving alcohol. The following year, we provided teacher 
training workshops through Distance Learning (DL) technology or at the 
National Science Teachers Association meeting. The teachers then 
field-tested the modules in their classes, and another 7000 students were 
tested as described above. Thus, each teacher served as her/his own control. 
Results indicate that the more APEP modules that the teachers used, the 
better their students scored on the two knowledge assessment tests. 
Furthermore, biology students (most of whom had no previous chemistry) in 
classes using all 4 modules scored better on chemistry questions than 
chemistry students in the standard curriculum (i.e., using no modules). In 
addition, teachers who were provided with 6 hours of professional 
development in a one-day session or via DL had the same increase in 
knowledge of biology and chemistry, which persisted for at least a year. The 
results of the current study support our previous findings with the 
Pharmacology Education Partnership (PEP), which focused on drugs of abuse 
(Kwiek et al, 2007). While most drug and alcohol-based curricula are taught 
in health class, we have shown here that incorporating alcohol education 
into biology and chemistry classes increases knowledge of basic science 
concepts as well as alcohol pharmacology. Future studies will demonstrate 
whether such a curriculum will impact teenager's decisions about alcohol 
use/abuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  education
  high school student
  human
  pharmacology
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adolescent
  alcohol consumption
  brain
  curriculum
  drinking
  health
  learning
  professional development
  student
  suicide
  teacher
  teaching
  technology
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01803.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 372
TITLE
  New roles for Community pharmacists in modern health care systems: A 
challenge for Pharmacy education and research
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bugnon O.
  Hugentobler-Hampaï D.
  Berger J.
  Schneider M.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bugnon O., olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
Community Pharmacy Unit, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
(Bugnon O., olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch; Hugentobler-Hampaï D.; Berger J.; 
Schneider M.P.) Community Pharmacy, Department of Ambulatory Care and 
Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Bugnon, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Community Pharmacy Unit, 
University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Email: 
olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch
SOURCE
  Chimia (2012) 66:5 (304-307). Date of Publication: May 2012
  Geneva Pharma, Book Series Title:
ISSN
  0009-4293
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Swiss Chemical Society, K-1354.3.06, Basel, Switzerland.
ABSTRACT
  The academic activities led by the Unit of Community Pharmacy can be 
classified as translational. Our group is interested in person-centered 
pharmaceutical services aimed at a more responsible use of drugs 
(effectiveness, safety, efficiency) in collaboration with physicians and 
other health care professionals in a primary care setting. The following 
domains of education and research are high priorities for our group: 
medication therapy management, medication adherence, integrated care, 
individualization of therapies, care management for the elderly and 
e-health. © Schweizerische Chemische Gesellschaft.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  health care delivery
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction (prevention, rehabilitation)
  article
  human
  nursing home
  patient compliance
  personnel management
  physician
  primary health care
  research
  risk assessment
  Switzerland
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22867541 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22867541)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2012.304
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 373
TITLE
  Opiate education: Key points for the pharmacist
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rausch T.
  Hellwig T.
  Jones B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rausch T.) South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy, Center for 
Family Medicine, United States.
(Hellwig T.) South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy, Sanford USD 
Medical Center, United States.
(Jones B.) Sanford USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls SD, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Rausch, South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy, Center for 
Family Medicine, United States.
SOURCE
  U.S. Pharmacist (2012) 37:5. Date of Publication: May 2012
ISSN
  0148-4818
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Jobson Publishing Corporation, 100 Avenue of the Americas, New York, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  The last several decades have seen a significant rise in the use of opioid 
medications. A recent study demonstrated an equally significant increase in 
the number of drug overdose deaths, with opioid medications suspected in 
14,800 deaths in 2008 and representing approximately 73% of all prescription 
drug overdose deaths. There is also a likely increase in the number of 
patients developing opioid dependence.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology, sublingual 
drug administration)
  buprenorphine plus naloxone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacology, sublingual drug administration)
  butorphanol (pharmacology)
  clonidine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, intravenous drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  fentanyl (pharmacology)
  hydrocodone (pharmacology)
  levacetylmethadol (adverse drug reaction)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  morphine (pharmacology)
  nalbuphine (pharmacology)
  naloxone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, intravenous drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  naltrexone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, intramuscular drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  opiate (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  oxycodone (pharmacology)
  pentazocine (pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy, drug therapy, etiology)
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal pain (side effect)
  analgesia
  anxiety
  anxiety disorder
  arthralgia (side effect)
  article
  attention deficit disorder
  bradycardia (side effect)
  confusion (side effect)
  constipation (side effect)
  depression
  diaphoresis
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug approval
  drug dependence treatment
  drug exposure
  drug fatality (side effect)
  drug legislation
  drug overdose
  DSM-IV-TR
  family functioning
  heart ventricle arrhythmia (side effect)
  high risk population
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  monotherapy
  myalgia (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  pain (drug therapy)
  peer pressure
  pharmacist
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  respiration depression (side effect)
  sedation
  sex difference
  side effect (side effect)
  slurred speech (side effect)
  United Kingdom
  withdrawal syndrome
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  dolophine
  suboxone
  vivitrol
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  butorphanol (42408-82-2)
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  levacetylmethadol (34433-66-4)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  nalbuphine (20594-83-6, 23277-43-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  pentazocine (359-83-1, 64024-15-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012370833
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 374
TITLE
  7th Panhellenic Congress of Pharmacology
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Hippokratia (2012) 16 Suppl 1 (6). Date of Publication: Jun 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  7th Panhellenic Congress of Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Thessaloniki, Greece
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-05-18 to 2012-05-20
ISSN
  1108-4189
  1790-8019 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Hippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki
ABSTRACT
  The proceedings contain 43 papers. The special focus in this conference is 
on Pharmacology. The topics include: Effect of transforming growth factor B 
and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on proteoglycan expression by human primary 
pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells; idiopathic arterial pulmonary 
hypertension is associated with differential expression of the proteoglycans 
versican, decorin and perlecan in the lung; MDEA: in vitro study of the 
effect on human genetic material; cytogenetic behaviour of crocin on 
leukemic cultured lymphocytes; in silico virtual high-throughput screening 
approach in profiling the drug potency of various saffron bioactive 
constituents; distribution of the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) 94C>T and 
IVS2+21A>C gene polymorphisms in the Greek population; an assessment of the 
percentage of patients at possible risk for clopidogrel non-responsiveness, 
based on the prevalence of CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 C3435T gene polymorphisms in 
the Greek population; incidence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 
ADH1B, ADH4, ADH1C, OPRM1, DRD2, BDNF and ALDH2 genes in the general 
population and correlation to alcohol and nicotine dependence; the role of 
the multicancer marker RS6983267 in cigarette smoke exposed patients with 
prostate cancer; in vivo evaluation of CYP1A2 activity in Greek healthy 
volunteers by the RP-HPLC quantification of caffeine metabolic ratios in 
saliva and urine samples; medications as a social good. cost/ effect. 
experience with the use of generics in aretaieio university hospital, Athens 
Greece; restraint stress techniques and ulcerogenicity in rats; evaluation 
of the anti-ulcerogenic activity of pregabalin in rats; estrogens derived 
from the gonads and the brain mediate behavioral responses during a test of 
antidepressant response; the effects of sibutramine on serum ghrelin 
isoforms and paraventricular nucleus NPY concentrations in rats under three 
isocaloric diets; choline deficiency modulates myocardial autonomic 
neurotransmission in the rat: the effect of carnitine; influence of choline 
deficient diet on the expression of GLUT-4 in the liver of STZ-induced 
diabetic rats; pharmacogenomic analysis of the atheroprotective role of 
APOE3 containing HDL in human endothelial cells; activation of the ∆-opioid 
receptor leads to differentiation and neurite outgrowth via a STAT5B-GAI/O 
signaling pathway; interactions of two members of the B/R4 subfamily of the 
regulators of G protein signaling with KAPPA and delta opioid receptors 
differentially modulate their signaling; structure-function analysis of the 
third membrane-spanning segment of CRF1; pharmacological approaches of 
excitotoxic neurodegeneration; glutamate excitotoxicity upregulates GRP75 
and GRP78 gene expression in PC12 cells; D(2) -dopaminergic receptor linked 
pathways hold critical role in CYP regulation; ploglitazone does not affect 
bone mineral density in strep-tozocin-induced diabetic rats; amelioration of 
antigen induced arthritis by bevacizumab; acute exposure to artificial 
sunlight induces the accumulation of eosinophils in rabbit conjunctival 
epithelium, in vivo; new synthetic coumarin derivatives with potent 
anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic and antithrombotic activity; changes 
in blood parameters after administration of a new synthesized-inflammatory 
antioxidant agent in adult rats after sciatic nerve crush; consumption of 
energy drinks by students Aristotle’s university of Thessaloniki. field 
research; pharmaceutical treatment of genital lichen sclerosus- a review; 
PPARα/γ agonists: a novel approach to anti-diabetic therapy; arsenic 
trioxide. a modern ‘Weapon’ from the past against acute promyelocytic 
leukemia; influenza H1N1 prophylaxis for exposed neonates using oseltamivir; 
visual analog scores’ dependency from IL-6 and CRP in thorasic surgical 
patients; neck pain’s associations to stress biomarkers; 
growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor subtypes in breast cancer; 
phenotypic and genotypic analysis of CYP1A2 in the Greek population; 
propofol blood levels and the CYP2B6 516G>T gene polymorphism in Greek 
women; association of common polymorphisms of the endothelial lipase (LIPG), 
the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and the lipoprotein lipase 
(LPL) genes with plasma lipids, in dyslipidaemic and normolipidaemic Greeks; 
prevalence of polymorphisms: A→G (RS 4420638), C→T (RS 7412) and T→C (RS 
429358), A→G (RS 157581), G→C (RS 3745833) of APOC1, APOE, TOMM40 and GALP 
genes, respectively, associated with Alzheimer’s disease, in a sample of 
Greek population; haplotype evaluation of catechol-o-methyltransferase 
Enzyme Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia. A Case-Control Study in a Greek 
Population and Prevalence of the Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism of 
the ACE gene and the GLU298ASP polymorphism of the ENOS gene in a population 
of Greek patients with or without hypertension.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  alternative complement pathway C3 C5 convertase
  anticoagulant agent
  antidepressant agent
  antigen
  antioxidant
  arsenic trioxide
  bevacizumab
  biological marker
  bone morphogenetic protein 2
  brain derived neurotrophic factor
  caffeine
  carnitine
  catechol methyltransferase
  cholesterol ester transfer protein
  choline
  cigarette smoke
  clopidogrel
  coumarin derivative
  crocin
  decorin
  delta opiate receptor
  dopamine receptor
  estrogen
  ghrelin
  glucose transporter 4
  glutamic acid
  growth hormone releasing factor
  high density lipoprotein
  hormone receptor
  inosine
  interleukin 6
  lipoprotein lipase
  marker
  n ethyl 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine
  opiate receptor
  oseltamivir
  perlecan
  peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
  pregabalin
  propofol
  proteoglycan
  receptor subtype
  RGS protein
  sibutramine
  STAT5b protein
  transforming growth factor
  triacylglycerol lipase
  versican
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  agonist
  artery muscle
  arthritis
  behavior
  blood
  blood level
  bone density
  brain
  breast cancer
  case control study
  computer model
  conjunctiva epithelium
  diabetes mellitus
  diet
  DNA polymorphism
  drug potency
  drug therapy
  endothelium cell
  energy drink
  enzyme polymorphism
  eosinophil
  excitotoxicity
  exposure
  female
  gene
  gene expression
  gonad
  Greece
  haplotype
  high performance liquid chromatography
  high throughput screening
  human
  hypertension
  immobilization stress
  in vitro study
  influenza
  lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
  lipid blood level
  liver
  lung
  lymphocyte culture
  male
  membrane
  neck pain
  nerve crush
  nerve degeneration
  nerve fiber growth
  neurotransmission
  newborn
  normal human
  nutritional deficiency
  parameters
  patient
  PC12 cell line
  population
  prevalence
  promyelocytic leukemia
  prophylaxis
  prostate cancer
  pulmonary hypertension
  rabbit
  rat
  risk
  saliva
  schizophrenia
  sciatic nerve
  serum
  single nucleotide polymorphism
  smooth muscle fiber
  student
  sunlight
  surgical patient
  therapy
  tobacco dependence
  ulcerogenesis
  university
  university hospital
  urinalysis
  vitamin deficiency
  weapon
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 375
TITLE
  Drug-related problems identified by clinical pharmacist's students and 
pharmacist's interventions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Al-Hajje A.H.
  Atoui F.
  Awada S.
  Rachidi S.
  Zein S.
  Salameh P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Al-Hajje A.H., hajj.amal@hotmail.com; Awada S.; Rachidi S.; Zein S.; 
Salameh P.) Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese 
University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.
(Atoui F.) University Hospital of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.H. Al-Hajje, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese 
University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon. Email: hajj.amal@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises (2012) 70:3 (169-176). Date of 
Publication: May 2012
ISSN
  0003-4509
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Masson SAS, 62 rue Camille Desmoulins, Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, 
France.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Drug-related problems constitute a major public health problem, 
because of their consequences on morbidity, mortality and cost. Patients and 
methods: A 6-month prospective study was conducted, including hospitalized 
patients in the internal medicine ward of the University Hospital of Beirut, 
in order to identify drug-related problems by clinical pharmacist's students 
participating in routine medical rounds, to assess the characteristics of 
patients presenting these drug-related problems and to analyze pharmacist's 
interventions. Results: Ninety patients presenting drug-related problems 
were identified. Thirty-two percent were hydro-electrolytic problems and 24% 
gastrointestinal. Cardiovascular drugs were the most frequently implicated 
(44%), followed by anticoagulants (17%) and corticosteroids (14%). The most 
commonly identified drug-related problems were drug interactions (37%), 
overdosage (28%), non-conformity to guidelines or contra-indications (23%), 
underdosage (10%) and improper administration (2%). The clinical 
pharmacist's interventions consisted of dose adjustment (38%), addition 
drugs (31%), changes in drugs (29%) and optimization of administration (2%). 
Discussion and conclusion: To decrease the risk of drug-related problems, 
drug treatment requires physicians to abide by prescribing recommendations, 
notably in elderly patients, as well as pharmacists' effective intervention 
at all levels. Routine participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical 
medical rounds facilitates the identification of drug-related problems and 
may prevent their occurrence. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anticoagulant agent
  antidiabetic agent
  antithrombocytic agent
  cardiovascular agent
  corticosteroid
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acenocoumarol
  acetylsalicylic acid
  amiodarone
  ampicillin
  candesartan
  dexamethasone
  diclofenac
  furosemide
  heparin
  insulin
  irbesartan
  ketoprofen
  lisinopril
  meloxicam
  methylprednisolone
  naproxen
  perindopril
  prednisone
  ramipril
  spironolactone
  telmisartan
  tirofiban
  unindexed drug
  valsartan
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug related problem
  public health problem
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  bradycardia
  brain hemorrhage
  candidiasis
  confusion
  digestive system hemorrhage
  drug overdose
  fatigue
  female
  gastrointestinal disease
  hematuria
  hemoptysis
  human
  hyperglycemia
  hyperkalemia
  hypertension
  hypocalcemia
  hypoglycemia
  hypokalemia
  hypotension
  internal medicine
  intervention study
  kidney failure
  kidney injury
  leukopenia
  major clinical study
  male
  nausea
  patient assessment
  pharmacy student
  prospective study
  pruritus
  thrombocytopenia
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acenocoumarol (152-72-7)
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  amiodarone (1951-25-3, 19774-82-4, 62067-87-2)
  ampicillin (69-52-3, 69-53-4, 7177-48-2, 74083-13-9, 94586-58-0)
  candesartan (139481-59-7)
  dexamethasone (50-02-2)
  diclofenac (15307-79-6, 15307-86-5)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  heparin (37187-54-5, 8057-48-5, 8065-01-8, 9005-48-5)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  irbesartan (138402-11-6)
  ketoprofen (22071-15-4, 57495-14-4)
  lisinopril (76547-98-3, 83915-83-7)
  meloxicam (71125-38-7)
  methylprednisolone (6923-42-8, 83-43-2)
  naproxen (22204-53-1, 26159-34-2)
  perindopril (82834-16-0, 99149-83-4)
  prednisone (53-03-2)
  ramipril (87333-19-5)
  spironolactone (52-01-7)
  telmisartan (144701-48-4)
  tirofiban (142373-60-2, 144494-65-5, 150915-40-5)
  valsartan (137862-53-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Urology and Nephrology (28)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012315410
MEDLINE PMID
  22655585 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22655585)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2012.02.004
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 376
TITLE
  Sleep in older people
AUTHOR NAMES
  Woodward M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Woodward M., michael.woodward@austin.org.au) Aged and Residential Care 
Service, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Austin Health, Waterdale Road, 
Heidelberg West, VIC 3081, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Woodward, Aged and Residential Care Service, Heidelberg Repatriation 
Hospital, Austin Health, Waterdale Road, Heidelberg West, VIC 3081, 
Australia. Email: michael.woodward@austin.org.au
SOURCE
  Reviews in Clinical Gerontology (2012) 22:2 (130-149). Date of Publication: 
May 2012
ISSN
  0959-2598
  1469-9036 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Cambridge University Press, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Insomnia and other sleep disturbances are common in older people, with up to 
40% reporting some difficulty sleeping. Insomnia is a syndrome with multiple 
causes including medications, other illnesses and environmental factors. An 
accurate diagnosis is needed for effective management. Sleep disturbances 
are associated with functional and cognitive impairment and excess 
mortality. Management should initially be non-pharmacological including 
sleep hygiene education and behavioural therapy. Medications, including 
benzodiazepines (BZDs), are second-line with little evidence to support 
long-term usage. BZD usage in older people is associated with a range of 
disorders including falls, accidents and cognitive impairment. The 
management of insomnia in specific situations such as residential care, 
those with dementia and depressed older people can be challenging. 
Additional research is needed, particularly on the risks/benefit of 
long-term pharmacotherapy and to determine whether therapy reduces the 
consequences of sleep disturbances. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 
2012.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adrenergic receptor stimulating agent (adverse drug reaction)
  antacid agent (drug interaction)
  benzodiazepine derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction, drug 
therapy)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (adverse drug reaction)
  caffeine (adverse drug reaction)
  central stimulant agent (adverse drug reaction)
  chlordiazepoxide
  clarithromycin (drug interaction)
  clonazepam (adverse drug reaction)
  corticosteroid (adverse drug reaction)
  diazepam (drug therapy)
  diltiazem (drug interaction)
  erythromycin (drug interaction)
  estazolam (pharmacokinetics)
  flunitrazepam (pharmacokinetics)
  flurazepam (pharmacokinetics)
  isoniazid (drug interaction)
  ketoconazole (drug interaction)
  nicotine (adverse drug reaction)
  nitrazepam (pharmacokinetics)
  quazepam (pharmacokinetics)
  ramelteon (drug therapy)
  rivastigmine
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction)
  temazepam (pharmacokinetics)
  triazolam (pharmacokinetics)
  unindexed drug
  verapamil (drug interaction)
  zolpidem (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  zopiclone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aging
  sleep
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accident
  aggression
  agitation
  amnesia (side effect)
  anorexia (side effect)
  arthralgia (side effect)
  auditory hallucination (side effect)
  behavior disorder (side effect)
  behavior therapy
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  color vision
  constipation (side effect)
  delirium (side effect)
  dementia
  depression (side effect)
  diarrhea (side effect)
  disease association
  dizziness (side effect)
  dysarthria (side effect)
  dyspnea (side effect)
  environmental factor
  falling
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  genital system disease (side effect)
  headache (side effect)
  heart palpitation (side effect)
  hiccup (side effect)
  hot flush (side effect)
  human
  hygiene
  increased appetite (side effect)
  insomnia (drug therapy, etiology, therapy)
  libido disorder (side effect)
  long term care
  menstrual irregularity (side effect)
  menstruation disorder (side effect)
  mortality
  muscle cramp (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  panic (side effect)
  paranoia (side effect)
  periodic limb movement disorder
  phototherapy
  psychomotor disorder (side effect)
  relaxation training
  REM sleep deprivation
  residential care
  restless legs syndrome
  review
  risk benefit analysis
  salivation
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  sleep disorder (etiology, side effect)
  sleep disordered breathing
  sleep driving (side effect)
  sleep driving (side effect)
  sleep eating (side effect)
  sleep eating (side effect)
  sleep walking (side effect)
  tachycardia (side effect)
  taste disorder (side effect)
  tongue swelling (side effect)
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  urinary tract disease (side effect)
  visual disorder (side effect)
  vivid dream (side effect)
  weight reduction
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
  xerostomia (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  librium  Hoffmann La Roche

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Hoffmann La Roche
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  clarithromycin (81103-11-9)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  diltiazem (33286-22-5, 42399-41-7)
  erythromycin (114-07-8, 70536-18-4)
  estazolam (29975-16-4)
  flunitrazepam (1622-62-4)
  flurazepam (1172-18-5, 17617-23-1)
  isoniazid (54-85-3, 62229-51-0, 65979-32-0)
  ketoconazole (65277-42-1)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
  nitrazepam (146-22-5)
  quazepam (36735-22-5)
  ramelteon (196597-26-9)
  rivastigmine (129101-54-8)
  temazepam (846-50-4)
  triazolam (28911-01-5)
  verapamil (152-11-4, 52-53-9)
  zolpidem (82626-48-0)
  zopiclone (43200-80-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012138529
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000232
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 377
TITLE
  The prescription review program of Saskatchewan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Spitzig D.
  Shaw K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Spitzig D.; Shaw K.) College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan, 
Saskatoon, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Spitzig, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 
Canada.
SOURCE
  Pain Research and Management (2012) 17:3 (201). Date of Publication: 
May-June 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Annual Conference of the Canadian Pain Society
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Whistler, BC, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-05-23 to 2012-05-26
ISSN
  1203-6765
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pulsus Group Inc.
ABSTRACT
  The Prescription Review Program was formerly known as the Triplicate 
Prescription Program because the program formerly relied upon specially 
designed multiple copy prescription pads to gather data regarding a panel of 
drugs subject to abuse and/or diversion. Use of these special prescription 
pads is no longer necessary since the data required to operate the program 
is now captured electronically. PROGRAM PARTNERS: Saskatchewan College of 
Pharmacists, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan,College of 
Dental Surgeons of Saskatchewan, The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' 
Association, and Saskatchewan Health. OBJECTIVE: To reduce the abuse and 
diversion of a select panel of prescription drugs, and to reduce their 
misuse. THE PROGRAM: 1. Alerts prescribers to possible inappropriate 
prescribing or use of medications to which the Prescription Review Program 
applies. 2. May seek an explanation to the relevant professional regulatory 
body where the data indicates prescribing and/or dispensing practices not 
consistent with acceptable professional standards; and 3. Encourages 
appropriate prescribing and dispensing practices by providing professional 
guidance to both prescribers and dispensers. 4. Recommends additional drugs 
to be added to the program.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Canada
  pain
  prescription
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  college
  drug therapy
  health
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  pharmacist
  physician
  professional standard
  registered nurse
  surgeon
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 378
TITLE
  Medication therapy management services provided by student pharmacists.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hata M.
  Klotz R.
  Sylvies R.
  Hess K.
  Schwartzman E.
  Scott J.
  Law A.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hata M.) College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 
Pomona, California, USA.
(Klotz R.; Sylvies R.; Hess K.; Schwartzman E.; Scott J.; Law A.V.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Hata, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, 
California, USA.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2012) 76:3 (51). Date of 
Publication: 10 Apr 2012
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To evaluate the impact of student pharmacists delivering medication therapy 
management (MTM) services during an elective advanced pharmacy practice 
experience (APPE). Student pharmacists provided MTM services at community 
pharmacy APPE sites, documented their recommendations, and then made 
follow-up telephone calls to patients to determine the impact of the MTM 
provided. Students were surveyed about the MTM experience. Forty-seven 
students provided MTM services to 509 patients over 2 years and identified 
704 drug-related problems (average of 1.4 problems per patient). About 53% 
of patients relayed the recommendations to their physician and 205 (75%) 
physicians accepted the recommendations. Eighty-eight percent of patients 
reported feeling better about their medications after receiving MTM 
services. A majority of the students perceived their provision of MTM 
services as valuable to their patients. Providing MTM services to patients 
in a pharmacy practice setting allowed student pharmacists to apply skills 
learned in the doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  medication therapy management
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  problem based learning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude to health
  clinical competence
  curriculum
  evaluation study
  health care quality
  human
  human relation
  methodology
  patient satisfaction
  questionnaire
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22544968 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544968)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe76351
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 379
TITLE
  A comparison of healthcare professional students' awareness of chemical 
dependence with their respective profession
AUTHOR NAMES
  Little A.
  Rey J.A.
  Garcia A.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rey J.A.) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern 
University, Ft. Lauderdale, United States.
(Little A.; Garcia A.S.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern 
University, Ft. Lauderdale, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Little, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern University, 
Ft. Lauderdale, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (272). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Currently, 8% to 12% of healthcare professionals have chemical 
dependencies and an increased risk of prescription drug abuse. This is 
thought to be due, impart, to their easy access to controlled substances. It 
is important for students of healthcare professions to be trained 
appropriately on the disease of dependency. Therefore, this study was 
designed to compare students in terms of risk factors for chemical 
dependence in different healthcare training programs to the incidence of 
chemical dependence in their respective fields. It is anticipated that these 
respective programs will utilize the information in developing or improving 
prevention, assistance, and education curricula. Objectives: 1) Determine 
the prevalence of students that are at an increased risk for chemical 
dependence in different healthcare programs. 2) Assess the awareness of 
chemical dependence among healthcare professional students. 3) Compare 
students in terms of risk factors for chemical dependence between different 
disciplines. 4) Compare students in terms of risk factors for chemical 
dependence to the incidence of chemical dependence in their respective 
field. Methods: Participants will be recruited from the different health 
professional training programs in a large university. All students 18 years 
of age and older will be eligible and contacted for study participation. 
Demographic variables will be collected. A survey will be used to assess 
participants' awareness and risks of chemical dependence. Students will be 
classified as at risk for chemical dependence if they self-report a score of 
≥ 4 on the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP) 
screening tool. Statistical analyses, such as Chi-square and ttests will be 
utilized. The survey will be administered using Opinio survey software via 
the respective student affairs office of each different program. Outcomes: 
We will report the number and percent of students at increased risk of 
chemical dependence and analyze their awareness of chemical dependence in 
their respective fields.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  college
  health care personnel
  human
  occupation
  pharmacist
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  computer program
  curriculum
  drug abuse
  education
  health care
  health practitioner
  pain
  patient
  prevalence
  prevention
  risk
  risk factor
  screening
  self report
  statistical analysis
  training
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 380
TITLE
  Predictors of recovery and rate of buprenorphine dosage reduction in 
veterans being treated in the buprenorphine clinic at the vawny healthcare 
system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Krieger K.
  Krishnaswamy S.
  Canzoneri J.
  Hyatt J.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Krieger K.; Krishnaswamy S.; Canzoneri J.; Hyatt J.M.) Buffalo VA Medical 
Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Krieger, Buffalo VA Medical Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (288). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Studies have shown that substance abusers can be more impulsive 
and may have more personality disorder traits than the general population. 
Additionally, patients treated for opiate dependence often relapse. Models 
of buprenorphine treatment for opiate dependence include maintaining 
patients on buprenorphine therapy long term, or having buprenorphine tapered 
off over time until the patient is no longer opiate-dependent and may be 
discharged from the Buprenorphine Clinic. Some patients may be tapered off 
of buprenorphine relatively quickly while others may be more difficult to 
taper off buprenorphine requiring a longer tapering period. Having the 
ability to predict which patients may benefit from a slower taper will allow 
clinicians to individualize a buprenorphine treatment plan to improve 
likelihood of treatment success and reduce relapse rates. Objective: This is 
a prospective pilot study to determine whether impulsivity and certain 
personality traits can predict how quickly buprenorphine dosage can be 
reduced, and in patients who withdraw from therapy, time to relapse. 
Methods: Male or female Veterans newly enrolled in the Buffalo VA 
Buprenorphine Clinic, aged 18-65 years old, and excluding those with a 
diagnosis of schizophrenia or Bipolar disorder, are eligible for enrollment. 
Patients who consent to participate in the study are asked to complete two 
questionnaires: one to evaluate impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 
- BIS 11) and one to evaluate personality traits (Temperament and Character 
Inventory - TCI- 140). Patients are then followed through the VA electronic 
chart system to monitor their rate of dose reduction and time to relapse. 
Data Analysis: Two dependent variables will be evaluated: the rate of 
reduction in buprenorphine dosage and the time to relapse. Weekly rate of 
buprenorphine dosage reduction will be calculated as: (initial daily dosage 
- final daily dosage)/number of weeks of treatment. A student T-test will be 
used to evaluate the dependent variable, buprenorphine dosage reduction, and 
the two independent variables, BIS-11 scores and TCI scores. Cox regression 
analysis will be used to evaluate the potential relationship between BIS-11 
scores, TCI scores and time to relapse. Statistical significance will be 
accepted at p < 0.05.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug dose reduction
  health care system
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  bipolar disorder
  buffalo
  data analysis
  dependent variable
  diagnosis
  female
  impulsiveness
  independent variable
  male
  model
  opiate addiction
  patient
  personality
  personality disorder
  pilot study
  population
  proportional hazards model
  questionnaire
  recurrence risk
  regression analysis
  relapse
  schizophrenia
  statistical significance
  Student t test
  substance abuse
  temperament
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 381
TITLE
  Practicing hospital pharmacists mentoring pharmacy students in clinical 
pharmacy: An experience from Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS) 
Pakistan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Muttaqi S.S.S.A.
  Shamim S.
  Omer M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Muttaqi S.S.S.A., shaukat_muttaqi@yahoo.com; Shamim S.; Omer M.) Dow 
College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.S.S.A. Muttaqi, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health 
Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Email: shaukat_muttaqi@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  International Research Journal of Pharmacy (2012) 3:4 (148-149). Date of 
Publication: April 2012
ISSN
  2230-8407 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  International Research Journal of Pharmacy, Shiv Ganga Hospital, Lakser Rd,, 
Haridwar, Uttaranchal, India.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacy education has been an important and integral part of the education 
system of a country. Pharmacy education in Pakistan has grown significantly 
through the ages and there are quite a few number of pharmacy schools 
providing education to the students. The academia and practice had always 
been disjointed in the country. Dow College of Pharmacy (DCOP) at DUHS was 
established in the year 2008, with the vision to provide exemplary pharmacy 
education to the students and bridging the gap between education and 
practice. The intervention was made by the college through appointing 
practicing faculty members, working at Dow University Hospital as clinical 
pharmacists and teaching clinical pharmacy to the students at DCOP. Since no 
other pharmacy school in the country had jointly appointed faculty of 
pharmacy, this intervention provided opportunity to DCOP to produce quality 
clinical pharmacists for the country. Under the supervision of clinical 
pharmacist pharmacy students were regularly rotated to hospital and were 
trained to take medication history, review patient profiles, gather & 
interpret laboratory data, and identifying potential drug related problems. 
Students were required to present their findings and interventions in 
patient profile as case studies to clinical pharmacists and interactive 
discussions were carried out by the mentors to enhance their clinical 
skills. The experiment of mentoring pharmacy students through practicing 
clinical pharmacist proved to be an efficient tool to develop and strengthen 
clinical skills of pharmacy graduates and could serve as a role model for 
other pharmacy schools in the country. © 2010 IRJP.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  medical education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health science
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  laboratory test
  medical record
  Pakistan
  pharmacy student
  teacher
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012440124
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 382
TITLE
  Psychiatric pharmacist run continuity of care clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Winans E.
  Davis H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Winans E.; Davis H.) University of Missouri Kansas City, United States.
(Winans E.) Truman Medical Center Behavioral Health, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Winans, University of Missouri Kansas City, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (296). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Medication nonadherence, intentional or unintentional secondary 
to lack of medication access, leads to increased risk of worsening 
symptomatology, rehospitalization and lapses in sobriety. Obtaining refills 
at the emergency department causes undue financial expenditure. Wait time 
for psychiatrist appointments may be 6-8 weeks for new patients. Psychiatric 
pharmacists (PP) can provide timely medication services which may eliminate 
unintentional nonadherence and engage patients earlier in treatment. 
Description of Services: A continuity of care clinic (COCC) was established 
for new patients or existing patients who had been recently hospitalized and 
required follow-up earlier than their psychiatrist's schedule allowed. A 
proposal for a PP run COCC was made to the medical director. Two afternoons 
a week were devoted to the COCC. Referrals were received from intake 
clinicians who identified patients who were running out of medications. 
Patients were interviewed and assessed by the PP and treatment 
recommendations were formulated. Assessments and treatment recommendations 
were presented to an attending psychiatrist for approval. Prescriptions were 
written as verbal orders and filled at the clinic pharmacy or telephoned to 
an outside pharmacy. Impact on Patient Care: From 7/ 2009 to 10/2010, 129 
clients were seen, with a total of 142 appointments. The time to COCC 
appointment was typically 1-2 weeks. Existing patients comprised 58% of the 
total patients, while 42% were new patients. Primary diagnoses included 
thought, mood and anxiety disorders. Nearly half had a co-existing substance 
use disorder. Medication regimens were changed for 45 patients (35%), 27 
patients (21%) had medications discontinued and 32 patients (25%) had labs 
ordered. Eighty-two percent of patients attended their next medication 
appointment. For non-COCC patients, 2010 second and third quarter 
appointment show rates were 62% and 53%, respectively. Conclusion: A PP run 
COCC provides opportunities for direct medication services delivered in a 
timely manner, reducing reliance on emergency department refills. 
Psychiatric pharmacists ability to assess, treat and engage patients earlier 
in the process of establishing care may have led to increased show rates at 
subsequent psychiatrist evaluations. Further, this type of service helps 
ensure continued medication therapy, which may increase adherence, and lower 
the risk of relapse and rehospitalization.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  hospital
  human
  patient care
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  administrative personnel
  anxiety disorder
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  emergency ward
  follow up
  hospital readmission
  mood
  patient
  pharmacy
  prescription
  psychiatrist
  relapse
  risk
  substance abuse
  symptomatology
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 383
TITLE
  Donepezil as a precipitating factor of mania: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Leung J.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Leung J.G.) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of UPMC, University of 
Pittsburgh, College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.G. Leung, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of UPMC, University of 
Pittsburgh, College of Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (258-259). Date of Publication: 
April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Donepezil is indicated for the treatment of mild to severe 
dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease; however it has also been 
studied off-label for other dementia types, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia 
and tardive dyskinesia. Although well tolerated, one neuropsychiatric side 
effect not reported in clinical trials is the emergence of manic symptoms. 
Patient History: A 71 year-old male with a history of paranoid schizophrenia 
was transferred to a psychiatric facility after concerns of increased 
disorganization and response to internal stimuli. Past medical history 
included alcohol dependence, cognitive disorder NOS, hypothyroidism, 
hypertension and iron deficient anemia. Laboratory values on admission were 
not of clinical concern. Psychotic symptoms improved with the addition of 
quetiapine 400 mg at bedtime. During his stay, donepezil 5 mg daily was 
initiated and titrated to 10 mg after two weeks. After the dose increase, 
the patient began to exhibit euphoric mood with an increased rate and 
production of speech. The patient's need for sleep decreased with a 
noticeable increase in psychomotor agitation and goal directed activities. 
Donepezil was suspected to have induced these symptoms which subsequently 
resolved once donepezil was discontinued. The patient was successfully 
discharged following placement to a nursing facility. Review of Literature: 
There are no cases of donepezil-induced mania reported in 
randomized-controlled trials for the FDA approved use of Alzheimer's 
dementia. However, a MEDLINE search revealed a few cases of mania associated 
with the initiation of donepezil. In addition, a study of donepezil aiming 
to improve memory impairment in bipolar patients suggested that donepezil 
may destabilize mood and worsen bipolar symptoms. The mechanism of 
donepezil-induced mania is unclear but may be a result of central 
cholinergic system activation causing noradrenergic and dopaminergic system 
activation. Conclusion: In this case there was a clear onset and dissipation 
of manic symptoms with the initiation and discontinuation of donepezil. 
While appearing to be rare, there is mounting evidence that donepezil may 
cause the emergence of manic symptoms in some patients. Clinicians should be 
aware of this potential side effect, especially as exploration of off-label 
uses increase.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  donepezil
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  quetiapine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case report
  college
  epidemiology
  human
  mania
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  Alzheimer disease
  bipolar disorder
  cholinergic system
  clinical trial (topic)
  cognitive defect
  dementia
  disorientation
  dopaminergic system
  drug dose increase
  food and drug administration
  hypertension
  hypothyroidism
  iron deficiency anemia
  laboratory
  male
  medical history
  memory disorder
  mood
  nursing
  off label drug use
  paranoid schizophrenia
  patient
  psychosis
  randomized controlled trial (topic)
  restlessness
  schizophrenia
  side effect
  sleep
  speech
  stimulus
  tardive dyskinesia
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 384
TITLE
  Veterans' practices and beliefs concerning disposal of medication
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rudisill J.
  Makela E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rudisill J.) Department of Pharmacy, Charles George VA Medical Center, 
Asheville, United States.
(Makela E.) Department of Mental Health, Charles George VA Medical Center, 
Asheville, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Rudisill, Department of Pharmacy, Charles George VA Medical Center, 
Asheville, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (292). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: In recent years proper disposal of medications has become an 
area of great concern. Disposal of medications in the trash is not 
considered appropriate as it leaves room for theft and drug abuse. Traces of 
medications found in streams, lakes and even drinking water have resulted in 
rules against flushing medications. A medication should not be given to 
someone other than for whom it was prescribed, as it poses danger to that 
person. Storing medications after they have been discontinued increases the 
risk of consuming the wrong medications. The presence of large amounts of 
unused medication is a risk factor for successful completion of suicide by 
over dosage. It is well known that veterans attempt and are successful at 
suicide much more frequently than non-veterans. If veterans are not 
routinely practicing appropriate methods of disposal, medications may 
accumulate in the household and present a risk for over dosage in patients 
who are or may become suicidal. Objectives: Conduct a survey of veterans to 
identify their practices and beliefs concerning the disposal of unused 
medications in order to: 1. Better understand veterans' educational needs 
with the goal of promoting recommended methods of disposal. 2. Facilitate 
development of an effective educational program intended to improve 
veterans' knowledge of proper disposal and the frequency of use of proper 
procedures for medication disposal. Methods: A short questionnaire has been 
designed by investigators to elicit information pertinent to achieving the 
study objectives. Over a three-month period, veterans at the Charles George 
VA Medical Center in Asheveille, NC, who are receiving prescriptions at the 
outpatient pharmacy will be asked to complete the questionnaire by a 
pharmacist. Outcomes: Results are pending. We will report demographic 
information and aggregate data reflecting veterans' practices and beliefs 
regarding medication disposal. Data will be analyzed to determine if there 
are differences in practices and beliefs based upon demographics, previous 
education about medication disposal, or medication burden. The results will 
be used to facilitate development of an educational program to improve the 
frequency of use of proper medication disposal.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  drinking water
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug abuse
  education
  household
  lake
  outpatient
  patient
  pharmacy
  plant leaf
  prescription
  procedures
  questionnaire
  risk
  risk factor
  suicide
  theft
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 385
TITLE
  Long-term opiate agreement use for chronic pain management in a Veterans 
Administration (VA) setting: A retrospective chart review
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dutton T.M.
  Pilkinton P.
  Dinoff B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dutton T.M.; Pilkinton P.; Dinoff B.) Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, 
Tuscaloosa, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.M. Dutton, Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (286). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Chronic pain is estimated to affect more than 80 million 
Americans and 50% of veterans seen in primary care clinics. Most studies of 
opiate pain agreements exclude “high risk” individuals (substance abuse 
histories, mental illness, legal issues, homelessness, or self-pay 
patients). Veteran patients often fall into the “high risk” categories and 
may be seeking care through the VA for pain issues accompanied by mental 
illness, homelessness, substance abuse, or financial issues. Purpose: The 
purpose of the study is to describe the naturalistic outcomes of veteran 
patients on opiate agreements for chronic pain (those taking opiates for >90 
days) within the VA. By conducting this study, we are seeking to identify 
systemic factors that may influence the delivery of effective pain 
management to veterans in the primary care setting and improve our ability 
to prospectively identify veteran patients who would benefit from early 
referral to a multidisciplinary pain management team since traditional 
screening criteria used by specialty pain practices may not accurately apply 
to the VA setting. Methods: This study will be a retrospective chart review 
of veteran patients initiating treatment with opiates beginning on January 
1, 2007 and proceeding consecutively until December 31, 2007. Data will be 
extracted from computerized patient record system using a case report form 
to develop a database which can then be analyzed. Information collected will 
include demographic information, pain diagnosis, chronic medical and 
psychiatric diagnoses, opiate medication(s) used, and other medications on 
patient profile. The charts will be reviewed for documentation of compliance 
assessments including urine drug screens, pill counts, appointment no-show 
rate, and pharmacy refill history. Each chart will be reviewed for outcomes 
including start/stop of opiate contract and reason for discontinuing if 
stopped. A minimum of 100 charts (patients initiating opiate therapy) will 
be reviewed to allow for statistical analysis and comparison. Outcomes: We 
will report factors which may predict non-adherence to the opiate agreement 
guidelines in a VA population and describe the naturalistic outcomes of 
nonadherence to the opiate agreement guidelines (i.e., moves care to another 
provider, facility, utilizes non-opiate treatments, referral to pain 
clinic).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  chronic pain
  college
  government
  human
  medical record review
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  case report
  data base
  diagnosis
  documentation
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  homelessness
  hospital
  mental disease
  pain
  pain clinic
  patient
  pharmacy
  pill
  population
  primary medical care
  psychiatric diagnosis
  risk
  screening
  statistical analysis
  substance abuse
  therapy
  urine
  veteran
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 386
TITLE
  Effect of concomitant benzodiazepine use in veterans receiving psychotherapy 
for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: Efficacy and healthcare 
utilization outcomes
AUTHOR NAMES
  Graham R.L.
  Lacro J.P.
  Endow-Eyer R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Graham R.L.; Lacro J.P.; Endow-Eyer R.A.) Department of Pharmacy Service, 
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.L. Graham, Department of Pharmacy Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego 
Healthcare System, San Diego, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (278). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: While many studies have evaluated the use of benzodiazepines in 
conjunction with psychotherapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders, the 
efficacy of this combination remains unclear in PTSD. To our knowledge, 
there are currently no published studies to determine the efficacy of this 
combination with only a few studies evaluating benzodiazepine monotherapy in 
the treatment of PTSD. Alternatively, psychotherapy as monotherapy in PTSD 
has been studied in multiple trials with well-established efficacy. In 
patients with other disorders, such as panic, the efficacy data for this 
combination has been controversial with deleterious effects shown in some 
studies. Objectives: 1. Evaluate the effect of concomitant benzodiazepine 
use (overall; scheduled vs. as needed) on the treatment efficacy of 
psychotherapy (cognitive processing therapy (CPT), cognitive-behavioral 
therapy (CBT), prolonged exposure (PE)) in Veterans with PTSD, 2. Determine 
the effect of concomitant benzodiazepine use on healthcare utilization in 
Veterans with PTSD. Methods: We are conducting a retrospective chart review 
from March 1, 2010 through March 1, 2011 of Veterans treated at VA San Diego 
Healthcare System (VASDHS) with CPT, CBT, or PE for PTSD. Exclusion criteria 
include active substance dependence recorded within 6 months prior to 
psychotherapy. In terms of data collection, demographic (age, sex, race, 
other psychiatric diagnoses, type of trauma, combat era) and healthcare 
utilization (behavioral health hospitalizations 1 year pre-psychotherapy) 
data will be collected prior to psychotherapy. Psychotherapy (CPT, PE, CBT), 
medication (benzodiazepine therapy, scheduled vs. PRN dosing, therapy 
duration, antidepressant prescriptions, antidepressant type), and efficacy 
parameters (PTSD Checklist - Military Version (PCL-M) scores, compliance to 
psychotherapy) will be collected during psychotherapy with additional 
healthcare utilization data (behavioral health hospitalizations) collected 
within the one year post- psychotherapy completion. Outcomes: We will report 
the results of our comparisons of percentage of psychotherapy sessions 
completed, change from baseline and final PCL-M scores, and behavioral 
health hospitalizations both pre- and post-psychotherapy in Veterans both 
with and without concomitant benzodiazepine therapy. Because benzodiazepines 
are widely used to treat PTSD in combination with psychotherapy within the 
VASDHS, it is important to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this 
combination to determine if a treatment effect is present.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  health care utilization
  human
  pharmacist
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  psychotherapy
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anxiety disorder
  army
  checklist
  cognitive therapy
  compliance (physical)
  diseases
  drug therapy
  health
  health care system
  hospitalization
  information processing
  injury
  long term exposure
  medical record review
  monotherapy
  parameters
  patient
  prescription
  processing
  psychiatric diagnosis
  safety
  substance abuse
  therapy
  treatment duration
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 387
TITLE
  Management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension in dementia patients taking 
atypical antipsychotics
AUTHOR NAMES
  Thomas C.
  Noel C.
  Houser J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Thomas C.; Noel C.; Houser J.) Chillicothe Department of Veterans Affairs 
Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Thomas, Chillicothe Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (287). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are modifiable disease states 
that increase the risk of cardiovascular death. In 2005 and 2008, black box 
warnings for increased risk of death were added to both atypical and typical 
antipsychotics. Despite the warnings associated with antipsychotics and 
their use in elderly dementia patients, they are still being used to manage 
agitation and aggression. This study will determine if hypertension and 
hyperlipidemia (cardiovascular risk factors) are controlled effectively in 
patients taking an atypical antipsychotic. Objective: To further examine the 
potential cause of cardiovascular death in dementia patients focusing on 
those treated with an atypical antipsychotic versus those patients who are 
not. Methods: The charts of patients meeting inclusion criteria will be 
reviewed to assess the primary objective. Data collected will include age, 
sex, name/strength of cholinesterase inhibitor, atypical antipsychotic, 
antihyperlipidemic and/or antihypertensive agent, refill history, substance 
abuse history, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol readings. Patients who 
are at their blood pressure goal will be defined as less than 140/90 mm Hg 
(or less than 130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney 
disease) according to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Patients 
who are low-density lipoprotein (LDL) goal will be defined by the Framingham 
Risk Assessment Tool. At least 240 patients are required to be able to 
reject the null hypothesis with probability (power) 0.8 and type I error of 
0.05. An uncorrected chi-squared statistic will be used to evaluate the null 
hypothesis. Outcomes: Our hypothesis is that hypertension and hyperlipidemia 
are being neglected because agitation and aggression are visibly treatable 
symptoms of dementia that take treatment priority. The primary outcome we 
will report on is the number of patients at their respective goals for blood 
pressure or cholesterol. These results will be used to compare those 
patients on an atypical antipsychotic to those who are not and result in 
acceptance or rejection of the null hypothesis.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  atypical antipsychotic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antihypertensive agent
  cholesterol
  cholinesterase inhibitor
  low density lipoprotein
  low density lipoprotein cholesterol
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  dementia
  human
  hyperlipidemia
  hypertension
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  aggression
  agitation
  blood pressure
  cardiovascular risk
  chronic kidney disease
  death
  diabetes mellitus
  Framingham risk score
  hypothesis
  medical society
  null hypothesis
  reading
  risk
  risk assessment
  substance abuse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 388
TITLE
  Assessment of medication adherence in patients receiving antipsychotic 
medications
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hanson J.
  Morrill G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hanson J.) Magellan Health Services of Arizona, United States.
(Morrill G.) Magellan Medicaid Administration, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Hanson, Magellan Health Services of Arizona, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (263). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Nonadherence to antipsychotic medications is a barrier to 
effective treatment of psychotic disorders. Non-adherence leads to poor 
outcomes and increased cost. Objectives: Our primary objective was to 
determine overall adherence with antipsychotic therapy. Secondary objectives 
were to determine the relationship between adherence and patient 
demographics, the rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy, and the relationship 
between dose and adherence. Methods: This was a retrospective claims 
analysis of adult, antipsychotic claims from 2009 and 2010. HIPAA-compliant, 
deidentified database elements included NDC, fill date, quantity, days 
supply, age, behavioral health code, and gender. The data set was filtered 
for oral, solid antipsychotics. Adherence was evaluated using Medication 
Possession Ratio (MPR) and calculated as follows: MPR-LOT (total days supply 
divided by total treatment days); MPR180 and MPR365 are the total days 
supply over a defined period. Descriptive statistics were used to report 
demographics, utilization, and adherence. Inferential statistics were used 
to report relationships between adherence and other variables available. 
Results: The study period included 49,816 patients receiving 431,291 
prescriptions. Of these, 21,503 patients received multiple fills of a single 
drug, 11,470 received more than one drug, and 4,192 received only one Rx 
(excluded from analysis). Mean age was 39.7 years, with 55% female. In 
patients on one medication, MPR180 was 0.802. Patients with a BH code of 
substance abuse (MPR180 of 0.643) and young adults (MPR180 of 0.721 in 19-24 
year olds) were less adherent. No difference in adherence was observed by 
gender. Less than 35% of patients took more than one antipsychotic agent 
during the time period. Assuming all patients received monotherapy, MPR180 
(1.017) was higher than in patients on single agents. This is likely due to 
concurrent use and cross titrations. MPR was analyzed in the subset of 
patients (n = 3,289) receiving courtordered antipsychotic therapy (COT) 
using MPR365 (the minimum COT period). MPR365 in those on a single agent was 
0.639. Finally, the impact of dosages was analyzed. MPR180 was highest in 
patients taking therapeutic doses (0.834) versus those on low (0.777) or 
high (0.791) doses. Conclusions: Methods to improve antipsychotic adherence, 
particularly in COT patients, are needed.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  patient
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  data base
  drug megadose
  female
  gender
  health
  inferential statistics
  monotherapy
  polypharmacy
  prescription
  psychosis
  solid
  statistics
  substance abuse
  therapy
  titrimetry
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 389
TITLE
  Management of hypertension in dementia patients taking atypical 
antipsychotics
AUTHOR NAMES
  Thomas C.J.
  Noel C.
  Houser J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Thomas C.J.; Noel C.; Houser J.) Chillicothe Department of Veterans Affairs 
Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.J. Thomas, Chillicothe Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (287). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are modifiable disease states 
that increase the risk of cardiovascular death. In 2005 and 2008, black box 
warnings for increased risk of death were added to both atypical and typical 
antipsychotics. Despite the warnings associated with antipsychotics and 
their use in elderly dementia patients, they are still being used to manage 
agitation and aggression. This study will determine if hypertension and 
hyperlipidemia (cardiovascular risk factors) are controlled effectively in 
patients taking an atypical antipsychotic. Objective: To further examine the 
potential cause of cardiovascular death in dementia patients focusing on 
those treated with an atypical antipsychotic versus those patients who are 
not. Methods: The charts of patients meeting inclusion criteria will be 
reviewed to assess the primary objective. Data collected will include age, 
sex, name/strength of cholinesterase inhibitor, atypical antipsychotic, 
antihyperlipidemic and/ or antihypertensive agent, refill history, substance 
abuse history, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol readings. Patients who 
are at their blood pressure goal will be defined as less than 140/90 mm Hg 
(or less than 130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney 
disease) according to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Patients 
who are low-density lipoprotein (LDL) goal will be defined by the Framingham 
Risk Assessment Tool. At least 240 patients are required to be able to 
reject the null hypothesis with probability (power) 0.8 and type I error of 
0.05. An uncorrected chi-squared statistic will be used to evaluate the null 
hypothesis. This abstract and poster will focus on hypertension. My 
coresident's poster will focus on hyperlipidemia. Outcomes: Our hypothesis 
is that hypertension and hyperlipidemia are being neglected because 
agitation and aggression are visibly treatable symptoms of dementia that 
take treatment priority. The primary outcome we will report on is the number 
of patients at their respective goals for blood pressure or cholesterol. 
These results will be used to compare those patients on an atypical 
antipsychotic to those who are not and result in acceptance or rejection of 
the null hypothesis.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  atypical antipsychotic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antihypertensive agent
  cholesterol
  cholinesterase inhibitor
  low density lipoprotein
  low density lipoprotein cholesterol
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  dementia
  human
  hypertension
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  aggression
  agitation
  blood pressure
  cardiovascular risk
  chronic kidney disease
  death
  diabetes mellitus
  Framingham risk score
  hyperlipidemia
  hypothesis
  medical society
  null hypothesis
  reading
  risk
  risk assessment
  substance abuse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 390
TITLE
  Psychiatric pharmacist management of depression in patients with diabetes
AUTHOR NAMES
  Khorsandi P.
  Dopheide J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Khorsandi P.; Dopheide J.A.) University of Southern California, School of 
Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Khorsandi, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (289). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of depression 
management in patients with diabetes referred to the psychiatric pharmacist 
compared to patients whose depression was managed by their primary care 
clinician. Background: Depression and diabetes are both highly prevalent 
disorders, each with their own respective negative consequences when left 
untreated. The presence of untreated depression in patients with diabetes 
has been associated with a multitude of negative consequences, including 
poor self-care and treatment adherence, worsening glycemic control, increase 
in severity or number of diabetic complications, increased likelihood of 
cardiovascular risk factors, higher rates of functional disability, increase 
in health care use and expenditures and higher all cause mortality. A 
growing body of evidence suggests that collaborative care between primary 
care physicians and other healthcare providers may be an effective 
intervention to improve quality of care and outcomes in patients with 
depression and diabetes. Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review 
of individuals receiving care for a diagnosis of diabetes and also receiving 
treatment for depression from the psychiatric pharmacist or their primary 
care physician. Inclusion criteria for analysis is a diagnosis of diabetes 
(Type 1 or Type 2) by a physician, a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10, greater than 17 years 
of age and being treated for depression by the psychiatric pharmacist or 
primary care provider. Patients will be excluded if they had a diagnosis of 
Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia, have co-morbid substance abuse not 
currently in remission or were lost to follow-up. Patients currently 
receiving an anti-depressant will not be excluded, providing they met the 
inclusion criteria. Data will be abstracted from the medical chart for each 
group. Baseline characteristics to be collected include age, gender, weight, 
BMI, PHQ-9, ethnicity, Axis I diagnosis, co-morbid diagnosis, Hemoglobin A1C 
(HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), anti-depressant therapy (if 
applicable) and type of diabetes. The primary outcome of this study is the 
change in PHQ-9 score from baseline after four months in patients receiving 
care from the psychiatric pharmacist compared to those receiving care from 
their primary care provider. Results: In progress. Conclusion: In progress.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  hemoglobin
  hemoglobin A1c
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  diabetes mellitus
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  bipolar disorder
  cardiovascular risk
  diagnosis
  diet restriction
  disability
  diseases
  ethnicity
  follow up
  gender
  general practitioner
  glucose blood level
  glycemic control
  health care personnel
  health care utilization
  medical record review
  mortality
  physician
  primary medical care
  remission
  schizophrenia
  self care
  substance abuse
  therapy
  weight
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 391
TITLE
  Tonic-clonic seizures associated with K2 use: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gonzalez M.L.
  Royce M.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gonzalez M.L.) Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville School of 
Pharmacy, United States.
(Gonzalez M.L.; Royce M.E.) Southern Illinois University, School of 
Medicine, Division of Medicine Psychiatry, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.L. Gonzalez, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville School of 
Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (300-301). Date of Publication: 
April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Synthetic cannabinoids are available in many states in the US 
and are sold as K2, Spice, or incense products labeled “not for human 
consumption.” They have become a popular alternative to marijuana, partly 
because they are not detected by common urine toxicology screens and they 
may produce more potent effects than marijuana. Acute concerns with 
synthetic cannabinoid use include potential for serotonin syndrome, anxiety, 
paranoia, hallucinations, paresthesias, tremors, hypokalemia, tachycardia, 
chest pain, heart palpitations, and seizures. Patient History: This patient 
is a 28 year-old Caucasian male with a past medical history significant for 
partial seizures secondary to a closed-head injury sustained as a teenager. 
He presented to the ED with confusion and altered mental status. The patient 
experienced one episode of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure in the ED. The 
patient reported using K2 intermittently for the past several months. During 
the past week, he reported hyperacusis, paresthesias, extreme sensitivity to 
external stimuli, anxiety, and insomnia after K2 use. Supplemental history 
was given by his father at bed-side. Home medications include levetiracetam 
750 mg daily for partial onset seizures, which was well controlled for 
several months. Urine toxicology was negative. He was transferred to the ICU 
for observation, and experienced two to three more 10 to 15 second seizures. 
After 48 hours with no significant events he was discharged with 
levetiracetam 500 mg twice daily and follow up appointments with neurology 
and psychiatry for seizure disorder and anxiety disorder, respectively. He 
refused substance abuse follow up. Review of Literature: A PubMed search1 
revealed two case reports of seizures associated with confirmed synthetic 
cannabinoid use and several review articles citing possibility of seizures 
with synthetic cannabinoid use. Conclusion: Synthetic cannabinoids may be 
more readily available may produce more toxic effects than marijuana. 
Healthcare providers and individuals should be aware of these adverse 
effects.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabinoid
  cannabis
  etiracetam
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case report
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  tonic clonic seizure
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adverse drug reaction
  anxiety
  anxiety disorder
  Caucasian
  diseases
  drug therapy
  father
  focal epilepsy
  follow up
  hallucination
  head injury
  health care personnel
  heart palpitation
  hypokalemia
  incense
  insomnia
  loudness recruitment
  male
  medical history
  Medline
  mental health
  neurology
  paranoia
  paresthesia
  patient
  psychiatry
  seizure
  serotonin syndrome
  spice
  stimulus
  substance abuse
  tachycardia
  thorax pain
  toxicity
  toxicology
  tremor
  urine
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 392
TITLE
  Quality analysis of the alcohol withdrawal protocol at the chillicothe VAMC
AUTHOR NAMES
  Connell R.
  Zeier K.
  Resch B.
  Thomas C.
  Hanson T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Connell R.; Zeier K.; Resch B.; Thomas C.; Hanson T.) Chillicothe Veterans 
Affairs Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Connell, Chillicothe Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (290). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Alcohol is the most frequently abused substance after nicotine 
and caffeine. One in four patients admitted to general hospital meet the 
criteria for alcohol dependence. When these patients stop drinking, they are 
at risk for alcohol withdrawal. The severity of alcohol withdrawal can range 
from mild and asymptomatic to severe episodes causing nausea, vomiting, 
tremors, and disorientation. Patients with a recurrent history of alcohol 
dependence and withdrawal may be at risk for delirium tremens, seizures, 
coma, and even death during alcohol withdrawal. The severity of alcohol 
withdrawal a patient will experience is difficult to predict making proper 
management of alcohol withdrawal also difficult. Objectives: The Chillicothe 
Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) is in the process of implementing the 
Chillicothe VAMC Alcohol Withdrawal Protocol. The purpose of this study is 
to perform a quality analysis to see if there has been a positive or 
negative effect on patient outcomes as a result of this new protocol. 
Methods: This study will be completed as a retrospective cohort analysis. 
Group 1 will be patients admitted to the SCU for alcohol withdrawal prior to 
the staff using the Chillicothe VAMC alcohol withdrawal protocol. Group 2 
will be patients admitted to the specialty care unit (SCU) for alcohol 
withdrawal after the protocol has been initiated. All patient's charts are 
solely from the Chillicothe VAMC, with a goal of obtaining n = 100 eligible 
for inclusion into the study. Inclusion criteria: any patient at least age 
18 who was treated between the dates of June 1, 1998 and June 30, 2012 for 
alcohol withdrawal. Outcomes: To compare the following criteria before and 
after initiation of the protocol: 1. Length of stay on medical floors, 2. 
Total amounts of benzodiazepines used during alcohol withdrawal, 3. Time 
from administration of first benzodiazepine to last and 4. Reports of 
adverse events related to alcohol withdrawal.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  benzodiazepine
  benzodiazepine derivative
  caffeine
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol withdrawal
  college
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  cohort analysis
  coma
  death
  delirium tremens
  disorientation
  drinking
  general hospital
  length of stay
  nausea
  patient
  risk
  seizure
  tremor
  veteran
  vomiting
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 393
TITLE
  A case report of patient-initiated E-cigarette use and resulting 5-months 
smoking cessation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schneiderhan M.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schneiderhan M.E.) Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical 
Science, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Duluth, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.E. Schneiderhan, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical 
Science, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Duluth, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (297). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Although not FDA approved for smoking cessation, e-cigarettes 
may play a future role in the development of an alternative treatment 
option. The purpose of this case report is to describe early smoking 
cessation with the use of ecigarettes. Patient History: The patient is a 51 
year old Caucasian female who was referred to the psychiatric pharmacist for 
comprehensive medication management due to elevated liver enzymes and 
polypharmacy. The patient's current Axis I diagnoses included: Bipolar I 
Disorder, Anxiety disorder NOS, recent adjustment disorder (bereavement); 
alcohol dependency in remission, and tobacco dependency. Her past medical 
history included: obesity, diabetes mellitus, type II, coronary artery 
disease, hyperlipidemia, esophageal reflux, peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, 
myopia including astigmatism, adrenal nodules, and fatty liver. During the 
course of follow-up visits, the patient disclosed that she wants to quit 
smoking and was prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine patches 
(21mg/14mg/7 mg) and nicotine lozenges 2 mg by her primary care provider. 
The patient set a tobacco cessation quit date and was given instructions to 
initiate the nicotine replacement therapy on her quit date. She also was 
educated on diet control. Weeks later, the patient reported quitting smoking 
two days prior to her original quit date because she purchased and started 
using an e-cigarette along with one nicotine lozenge per day. She described 
that the nicotine patch “fell off” so she discontinued it. Weeks later she 
stopped the nicotine lozenge. After 5-months, the patient had decreased her 
use of e-cigarette to three cartridges per week and denied using any tobacco 
cigarettes. Review of Literature: This is the first reported case of a 
patient with severe mental illness who selfinitiated e-cigarettes and was 
able to remain smoke free for 5 months. The major concern about e-cigarettes 
is the lack of safety and efficacy research. An OVID Medline search using 
the keyword “electronic cigarettes” found only 15 references pertaining 
directly to e-cigarettes. Conclusion: As the FDA imposes more regulations 
and controls upon e-cigarette companies, some of the uncertainties 
surrounding e-cigarettes will diminish. However, additional research of 
e-cigarette products is needed before they can be widely recommended by 
clinicians for smoking cessation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  nicotine lozenge
  nicotine patch
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case report
  college
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  smoking
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adjustment disorder
  adrenal gland
  anxiety disorder
  astigmatism
  bereavement
  bipolar I disorder
  Caucasian
  coronary artery disease
  diagnosis
  diet
  drug therapy
  fatty liver
  female
  follow up
  food and drug administration
  gastritis
  gastroesophageal reflux
  hyperlipidemia
  hypertransaminasemia
  medical history
  Medline
  mental disease
  myopia
  nicotine replacement therapy
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  obesity
  peptic ulcer
  polypharmacy
  primary medical care
  remission
  safety
  smoke
  smoking
  tobacco
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 394
TITLE
  Implementation of a symptom-triggered benzodiazepine protocol for alcohol 
withdrawal on a combined internal medicine-psychiatry unit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fowler J.
  Paulsen J.
  Liu D.
  Zeier K.
  Kijewski V.
  Gingerich M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fowler J.; Kijewski V.; Gingerich M.) University of Iowa Hospitals and 
Clinics, United States.
(Fowler J.; Paulsen J.; Liu D.) University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, 
United States.
(Zeier K.) Chillicothe Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Fowler, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (284). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Use of a symptomtriggered benzodiazepine administration strategy 
for treatment of alcohol withdrawal allows for individualization of dosing 
based on the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The majority of 
previous studies evaluating symptom-triggered dosing strategies used the 
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) rating scale 
as a basis for benzodiazepine dosing. The CIWA-Ar is well validated for use 
in evaluating alcohol withdrawal symptoms, though many of the items could be 
considered subjective measurements. The University of Iowa Hospitals and 
Clinics (UIHC) uses a locally-developed alcohol withdrawal scale, which 
incorporates more objective measures such as blood pressure, pulse, and 
temperature into the total score. Objectives: The purpose of this study is 
to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of a symptom-triggered 
benzodiazepine dosing protocol that is based on a locally-developed alcohol 
withdrawal scale in patients admitted to a combined internal 
medicine-psychiatry service. Methods: A retrospective chart review was 
conducted for all patients receiving a fixed-dose benzodiazepine taper for 
the treatment of alcohol withdrawal on the internal medicine-psychiatry unit 
from 7/1/ 2009 to 06/30/2011. The symptom-triggered dosing protocol was 
implemented on this service in July 2011, and an additional chart review 
will be conducted of patients who received alcohol withdrawal treatment 
according to this protocol from 7/1/2011 to 12/31/2011. Key variables used 
to compare the effectiveness and safety of the two benzodiazepine dosing 
strategies will include cumulative benzodiazepine dose, total number of 
benzodiazepine doses administered, duration of benzodiazepine therapy, and 
occurrence of seizure or development of alcohol withdrawal delirium after 
initiation of treatment. Independent samples t-tests and Chi-squared 
analyses will be used to compare variables between symptom-triggered and 
fixed-schedule dosing groups. If significant differences exist between the 
groups on baseline variables (age, gender, blood ethanol level at admission, 
history of alcohol withdrawal seizures, and history of alcohol withdrawal 
delirium), multiple linear regression and logistic regression equations will 
be used to control for the influence of these variables in comparisons 
between treatment groups on outcome variables. Outcomes: We will report 
comparisons of demographic, effectiveness, and safety variables between 
patients receiving a symptom-triggered benzodiazepine dosing strategy for 
alcohol withdrawal and those receiving a fixed-dose benzodiazepine taper.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol withdrawal
  college
  human
  internal medicine
  pharmacist
  psychiatry
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol blood level
  blood pressure
  comparative effectiveness
  delirium tremens
  gender
  hospital
  individualization
  logistic regression analysis
  medical record review
  multiple linear regression analysis
  outcome variable
  patient
  pulse rate
  rating scale
  safety
  seizure
  Student t test
  temperature
  therapy
  treatment withdrawal
  United States
  university
  withdrawal seizure
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 395
TITLE
  Aripiprazole's effects on risperidone consta induced hyperprolactinemia: A 
case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Boggs A.A.
  Bihday C.
  Boggs D.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Boggs A.A.; Boggs D.L.) Pharmacy Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 
West Haven, United States.
(Bihday C.) Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West 
Haven, United States.
(Boggs D.L.) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, 
New Haven, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.A. Boggs, Pharmacy Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (298). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a common side effect of antipsychotics 
especially haloperidol and risperidone. Prolactin levels for men greater 
than 20 ng/mL are indicative of hyperprolactinemia. Symptoms of 
hyperprolactinemia include: lactation, breast pain, loss of libido, 
hypogonadism, infertility, gynaecomastia, erectile dysfunction and possibly 
osteoporosis. Patient-History: The patient is a 29 year-old Indian male 
diagnosed at age 25 with chronic paranoid schizophrenia. Past medical 
history includes: dyslipidemia, status post uvulectomy for benign growth; 
and nicotine dependence. Patient was hospitalized in July 2009 after 
attempting to jump off a bridge. During inpatient stay on 8/11/2009, patient 
was started on risperidone Consta1 25 mg IM every 2 weeks and risperidone 1 
mg BID. Patient responded to treatment and was continued on this regimen. A 
routine serum prolactin concentration was drawn on 11/2010 showing slightly 
elevated prolactin levels 21.9 ng/mL (reference 2 - 14). Oral risperidone 
was discontinued on 12/2010 but risperidone Consta1 was continued allowing 
patient to attend college and work. On 9/2011 a repeat serum prolactin level 
was drawn showing an elevation in prolactin to 29.8 ng/ml. In October of 
2011 patient started to report transient left breast tenderness and redness 
(no drainage) along with sexual dysfunction. On 11/23/2011 patient was 
prescribed aripiprazole 2.5 mg PO daily to treat signs and symptoms of 
hyperprolactinemia. In January 2012 patient returned to clinic reporting 
moderate adherence with aripiprazole (taking 4-5 times a week). Patient 
reports a resolution of breast tenderness and redness with no change in 
psychiatric symptoms. Patient was ordered a repeat prolactin level but did 
not go to lab for procedure. Review of Literature: Several recent studies 
have been published establishing the safety and efficacy of using 
aripiprazole for a treatment of antipsychotic induced hyperprolactinemia in 
people with schizophrenia. However, to our knowledge, this is the first 
reported case where aripiprazole was used to treat hyperprolactinemia with 
injectable antipsychotics. Conclusion: In cases where people with 
schizophrenia are stabilized on an injectable antipsychotic and have 
symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, low dose aripiprazole is a potential therapy 
to improve side effects while continuing treatment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aripiprazole
  risperidone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  haloperidol
  prolactin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case report
  college
  human
  hyperprolactinemia
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  breast tenderness
  dyslipidemia
  erectile dysfunction
  gynecomastia
  hospital
  hospital patient
  hypogonadism
  Indian
  infertility
  lactation
  libido disorder
  low drug dose
  male
  mastalgia
  medical history
  mental disease
  osteoporosis
  paranoid schizophrenia
  patient
  physical disease by body function
  procedures
  prolactin blood level
  safety
  schizophrenia
  sexual dysfunction
  side effect
  therapy
  tobacco dependence
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 396
TITLE
  Evaluation of the substance detoxification protocols in an acute psychiatric 
hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lui C.
  Noh H.Y.
  Yuan C.X.J.
  Shankar G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lui C.; Noh H.Y.; Yuan C.X.J.; Shankar G.) Western University of Health 
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Lui, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (293-294). Date of Publication: 
April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  1. Background/Rationale: The updated opioid detoxification protocol and 
alcohol detoxification protocol excluded phenobarbital and clonidine, 
respectively, from their original protocols. The purpose for the updates was 
to help better control the withdrawal symptoms from opioids/alcohol 
detoxification to improve patient care. Our study was designed to compare 
the efficacy of the opioid detoxification protocols with and without 
phenobarbital in controlling systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood 
pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). In addition, we compared the efficacy of 
the alcohol detoxification protocols with and without clonidine in 
controlling SBP, DBP and HR. 2.Description of the Innovative Service: We 
conducted a retrospective study of the subjects who received the opioid or 
alcohol detoxification from January 2010 to January 2011. For the opioid 
detoxification, we measured the number of subjects whose average SBP, DBP 
and HR on day 4 reached their targets in the phenobarbital group vs. 
no-phenobarbital group. Mean ± SD values were calculated for the reduction 
from baseline to the 4th-day average. For the alcohol detoxification, we 
measured the number of subjects whose average SBP, DBP and HR on day 3 
reached their targets in the clonidine group vs. noclonidine group. Mean ± 
SD values were calculated for the reduction from baseline to the 3rd-day 
average. 3. Impact on Patient Care/ Institution: In the opioid 
detoxification, all subjects in both groups met the targets for their 
4th-day average SBP, DBP and HR. There was a statistically significant 
difference in the mean 4th-day average DBP between phenobarbital group and 
no-phenobarbital group (79±4 mmHg and 74 ±8mmHg, respectively; p = 0.008). 
In the alcohol detoxification, all subjects in both groups met the targets 
for their 3rd-day average SBP, DBP and HR, except one subject in the 
no-clonidine group with the 3rd-day average DBP > 100 mmHg. However, this 
was not statistically significant. 4. Conclusion: The opioid detoxification 
protocol without phenobarbital and the alcohol detoxification protocol 
without clonidine may be effectively implemented to patients, because 
phenobarbital and clonidine do not seem to provide additional benefit in 
controlling SBP, DBP or HR. However, further studies with a bigger sample 
size comparing other aspects of withdrawal symptoms are needed for better 
evaluation of the protocols.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  clonidine
  opiate
  phenobarbital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  detoxification
  human
  mental hospital
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  diastolic blood pressure
  heart rate
  patient
  patient care
  retrospective study
  sample size
  systolic blood pressure
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 397
TITLE
  Evaluation of cognitive function in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and 
Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans prior to and following treatment for 
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chopra S.
  Krishnaswamy S.
  Saeed M.
  Donnelly K.
  Hyatt J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chopra S.; Krishnaswamy S.; Saeed M.; Donnelly K.; Hyatt J.) Department of 
Vetarans Affairs, Western New York Health Care System, Buffalo, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Chopra, Department of Vetarans Affairs, Western New York Health Care 
System, Buffalo, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (280). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: PTSD symptoms include isolation, avoidance, exaggerated startle 
response, flashbacks, nightmares, and cognitive impairment: poor memory, 
attention and learning. Incidence of PTSD in OEF/OIF Veterans ranges from 
9-25%. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), where cognitive dysfunction is also 
seen, has been called the “signature injury”of OEF/OIF Veterans, and PTSD is 
commonly seen in Veterans with mild TBI (MTBI). While symptoms of MTBI 
usually dissipate within a few months, cognitive impairment can persist. 
Since MTBI should resolve on its own, it follows that in patients with both 
diagnoses, persistent symptoms of cognitive dysfunction may improve when 
PTSD symptoms improve negating the need for additional treatment for 
cognitive symptoms. Objectives: 1.Determine whether there is a correlation 
between changes in PTSD symptoms and changes in cognitive function. 
2.Compare performance on cognitive tests in Veterans with PTSD (group A) 
verses Veterans with PTSD and MTBI (group B) when treated for symptoms of 
PTSD Methodology: This study will include 50 OEF/OIF Veterans between 18 and 
30 years of age with baseline scores below the normal range on at least one 
cognitive function test. Exclusion criteria include: previous treatment for 
PTSD, moderate to severe TBI, comorbid diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar 
disorder, or neurologic disorder other than migraine headache, 
colorblindness and use of medications that may alter cognitive function. 
Subjects will be evaluated at baseline and 3 months for: PTSD symptoms using 
the PTSD Checklist-Military version (PCL-M), cognitive function using 7 
cognitive function tests, mood changes using Beck Depression Inventory-2 
(BDI-2) and Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), and alcohol consumption using the 
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Medications used to treat PTSD 
will be assessed (by class). Spearman Correlation Coefficient will be used 
to evaluate the relationship between changes in PTSD symptoms scores and 
cognitive function test scores. Kruskal-Wallis test will be used to 
determine differences in changes in cognitive function between the two 
groups. Significance will be accepted at p < 0.05. ANOVA will be used to 
evaluate nominal data for other independent variables associated with 
changes in cognitive scores including percent change from baseline in PCL-M, 
BDI-2, BAI, alcohol use, and medications used to treat PTSD.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cognition
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol consumption
  alcohol use disorder
  analysis of variance
  anxiety
  army
  Beck Depression Inventory
  bipolar disorder
  checklist
  cognitive defect
  correlation coefficient
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  function test
  headache
  independent variable
  injury
  Kruskal Wallis test
  learning
  memory
  methodology
  migraine
  mood change
  neurologic disease
  nightmare
  patient
  schizophrenia
  startle reflex
  traumatic brain injury
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 398
TITLE
  Methadone-induced bowel perforation and fecal peritonitis: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Perry R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Perry R.) Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health 
Sciences, Long Island University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Perry, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 
Long Island University, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (299). Date of Publication: April 
2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Methadone, a synthetic opiate, is one of the mainstays of 
therapy for detoxification in opioid dependency. Similar to other opiates, 
constipation is one of the common adverse effects observed during treatment 
with methadone. Constipation results from delayed gastrointestinal transit, 
reduced propulsion, increased anal sphincter tone, reduced gastrointestinal 
secretions and contraction strength. Perforation of the colon can result 
from pressure of an impacted fecal mass, due to severe constipation. Unlike 
other adverse effects of methadone, such as nausea and sedation, tolerance 
to the constipating effects rarely develops. Patient-History: The patient is 
a 71 year old Caucasian male with a past medical history significant for IV 
heroin abuse, emphysema and right iliac arterial occlusion with stents, was 
brought into the emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal 
pain and multiple episodes of emesis over the past 24 hours. The patient was 
being managed on Methadone 50 mg daily for the past 20 years. Presenting 
symptoms included decreased appetite, pain upon swallowing, abdominal pain 
and nausea for 3 days and admitted for generalized abdominal pain. A CT scan 
showed that the patient had a dilated colon, with distended loops of both 
the large and small bowel, and severe fecal impaction. The patient was taken 
to the operating room and received a sub-total colectomy. The patient was 
treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for management of fecal peritonitis. 
Two weeks later, the patient developed acute respiratory failure and was 
placed on a ventilator. Several attempts to wean the patient for the 
ventilator had failed. Thirty-three days after admission, the patient 
expired due to complications of bowel perforation. Review of Literature: A 
MEDLINE search revealed few cases of methadone induced bowel perforation and 
fecal peritonitis. This has rarely been reported to be fatal. Conclusion: In 
this patient case, bowel perforation developed secondary to maintenance 
treatment with methadone, which proved to be fatal. When managing a patient 
on methadone maintenance therapy, it is important to complete a thorough 
evaluation and monitor the patient for constipation. Clinicians should 
implement effective regimens preventative strategies and treatment plans in 
patients at risk.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent
  diamorphine
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case report
  college
  human
  intestine perforation
  peritonitis
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal pain
  abuse
  acute respiratory failure
  adverse drug reaction
  anus sphincter
  artery occlusion
  Caucasian
  computer assisted tomography
  constipation
  decreased appetite
  detoxification
  emergency ward
  emphysema
  feces impaction
  gastrointestinal secretion
  gastrointestinal transit
  maintenance therapy
  male
  medical history
  methadone treatment
  nausea
  operating room
  pain
  patient
  perforation
  risk
  sedation
  small intestine
  stent
  swallowing
  therapy
  total colon resection
  ventilator
  vomiting
  weaning
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 399
TITLE
  Effects of intravenous nicotine on symptomology and cognition in 
schizophrenia
AUTHOR NAMES
  L. Boggs D.
  Madonick S.
  D'Souza D.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (L. Boggs D.) Pharmacy Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West 
Haven, United States.
(Madonick S.; D'Souza D.C.) Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare 
System, West Haven, United States.
(L. Boggs D.; Madonick S.; D'Souza D.C.) Department of Psychiatry, Yale 
University, School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. L. Boggs, Pharmacy Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2012) 25:2 (259-260). Date of Publication: 
April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Tampa, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-29 to 2012-05-02
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: Several nicotine administration studies have been conducted in 
people with schizophrenia with varying results on psychiatric and cognitive 
effects. One source of heterogeneity in these studies could be the route of 
administration. To our knowledge, all studies to date have used either an 
inhaled or transdermal delivery; methods that have significant 
pharmacokinetic variability. The aim of this study is to determine the 
effects of nicotine on symptomology and cognition in schizophrenia using 
weight based intravenous administration. Methods: Medically stable 
participants with DSM-IV diagnosed schizophrenia who were nicotine 
dependent, participated in a three day randomized, double-blind, 
placebo-controlled crossover study. The three test days were separated by at 
least 7 days in a counterbalanced order within 6 weeks. During each session 
participants received intravenously administered normal saline, nicotine 
0.0315 mg/kg (low dose), or nicotine 0.054 mg/kg (medium dose) over 3 hours. 
Symptomology as measured by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) 
at baseline and 3 time points during the infusion and one 30 minutes after. 
Cognitive testing included a computerized visual stimuli continuous 
performance task (Gordon Task) and the Stroop Color-Word Interference Task 
(Stroop). Participants also had vital signs monitored during the infusions 
and completed an 18-item Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after each 
administration of the PANSS to evaluate subjective experiences. Results: 
Nine participants (8 males/1 female) received at least 1 infusion. No 
adverse events were reported but 2 people withdrew after 1 administration, 
both participants received placebo. No significant changes were detected 
between placebo and the low or medium dose of intravenous nicotine on the 
total of subscales of the PANSS. Similarly no improvements in cognition were 
detected from either dose of nicotine compared to placebo on the Stoop or 
the Gordon Task. Conclusions and Future Directions: Intravenous nicotine did 
not show any beneficial effect on psychiatric or neurocognitive symptoms in 
people with schizophrenia who are already nicotine dependent. However, this 
method proved to be safe and can be used in future studies to determine both 
behavioral and neurobiological effects (e.g. neuroimaging) of nicotine in 
schizophrenia using standardize doses to better control for pharmacokinetic 
heterogeneity between subjects.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  placebo
  sodium chloride
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cognition
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  schizophrenia
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  color
  crossover procedure
  female
  infusion
  intravenous drug administration
  low drug dose
  neuroimaging
  pharmacokinetics
  Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
  transdermal drug administration
  visual analog scale
  visual stimulation
  vital sign
  weight
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012441353
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 400
TITLE
  Pharmacist educational interventions program for outpatients with chronic 
heart failure
AUTHOR NAMES
  Florit M.
  Barrantes M.
  Luque S.
  Berenguer N.
  Comín-Colet J.
  Carmona A.
  Salas E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Florit M.; Barrantes M.; Luque S.; Berenguer N.; Comín-Colet J.; Carmona 
A.; Salas E.) Hospital de Mar, Pharmacy, Barcelona, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Florit, Hospital de Mar, Pharmacy, Barcelona, Spain.
SOURCE
  European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy: Science and Practice (2012) 19:2 
(93). Date of Publication: April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 European Association of Hospital Pharmacists, EAHP Congress
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Milan, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-21 to 2012-03-23
BOOK PUBLISHER
  BMJ Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
  Background: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) take several medicines 
and frequently manage their medicines inappropriately. In our hospital, a 
postdischarge pharmacist educational interventions program (PEIP) has been 
introduced as a part of a multidisciplinary CHF disease management program. 
Purpose: To describe CHF patient profiles, adherence, treatment knowledge 
and detection of drug-related problems (DRP) through the PEIP. To analyse 
the relation between DRPs detected and CHF patient characteristics. 
Materials and methods: Prospective observational study including all CHF 
patients attending the PEIP from May 2010 to August 2011. Data: 
demographics; New York Heart Association (NYHA) class; mean ejection 
fraction (EF); cardiovascular risk factors (CRF); self-administration of 
medicine (SA); self-reported adherence to diet (AD) and medicine (AM) and 
motivation (M) (Modified Morisky Scale); knowledge of CHF medicines: %dose 
(D), frequency (F) and indication (I); contraindicated drugs (CID) and DRP 
(DRP1: did not use a needed medicine; DRP2: used a medicine not needed; 
DRP3: ineffective treatment; DRP4: infradose; DRP5: overdose; DRP6: adverse 
reaction) and cases of acute decompensation. Statistical test: χ(2) and 
Fischer exact test for dichotomous variables and t-test for continuous 
variables. Results: Patients: 75. Patient profile: 54 (72%) male; age: 
71.8±1.3; patients/NYHA class: I: 2 (2.7%); II: 58 (77.3%); III: 14 (18.7%); 
IV: 1 (1.3%), EF< 45%: 42(56%); smokers: 20(26.7%); alcohol consumption: 
17(22.7%). Adherence and knowledge: SA: 41(54.7%); AD: 56(74.7%); AM: 
75(100%); M: 61(81.3%); Mean knowledge of CHF medicine: DFI: 29.7%± 32.0; 
DF: 47.8%± 41.5; patients who were aware of CID: 12(16%). DRP: 17 patients 
(22.7%); DRP1: 9 (12%); DRP2: 2(2.7%); DRP3: 6 (8%); DRP4: 3 (4%); DRP5: 2 
(2.7%); DRP6: 4(5.3%). Patients with decompensation: 11(14.7%). Comparison 
between patients with and without DRP: decompensated: 5/17(29.4%) versus 
6/58(10.3%)(p=0.05); SA: 12/17(70.6%) versus 29/58(50%)(p=0.134). No other 
significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions 
The PEIP evaluated the adherence and knowledge of the treatment in CHF 
patients and allowed us to detect DRPs in about 23% of the patients. The 
presence of any DRP was only correlated with acute decompensation and 
self-administration of drugs, suggesting the importance of an appropriate 
CHF treatment self-management.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  heart failure
  hospital
  human
  outpatient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  alcohol consumption
  cardiovascular risk
  diet
  disease management
  drug self administration
  heart
  heart ejection fraction
  intoxication
  male
  motivation
  observational study
  patient
  self care
  smoking
  Student t test
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.22
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 401
TITLE
  Applicability of an adapted medication appropriateness index for detection 
of drug-related problems in geriatric inpatients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Somers A.
  Mallet L.
  Van Der Cammen T.
  Robays H.
  Petrovic M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Somers A., annemie.somers@uzgent.be; Robays H.) Department of Pharmacy, 
Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
(Mallet L.) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montréal, QC, Canada.
(Mallet L.) Department of Pharmacy, McGill University Health Centre, 
Montreal, QC, Canada.
(Van Der Cammen T.) Department of Geriatrics, Erasmus Medical Center 
Rotterdam, Netherlands.
(Petrovic M.) Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, 
Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Somers, Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 
185, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Email: annemie.somers@uzgent.be
SOURCE
  American Journal Geriatric Pharmacotherapy (2012) 10:2 (101-109). Date of 
Publication: April 2012
ISSN
  1543-5946
  1876-7761 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc., 105 Raider Blvd, Suite 101, Hillsborough, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: High drug consumption by older patients and the presence of many 
drug-related problems require careful assessment of drug therapy, for which 
a structured approach is recommended. Objective: The purpose of our study 
was to evaluate the applicability of an adapted version of the Medication 
Appropriateness Index (MAI) in 50 geriatric inpatients at the time of 
admission. Methods: We reviewed, for 432 prescribed drugs, indication, right 
choice, dosage, directions, drug-disease interactions, drug-drug 
interactions, and duration of therapy. In addition, adverse drug reactions 
were evaluated, resulting in 8 questions per drug. MAI scores were 
attributed independently by a geriatrician and by a clinical pharmacist, and 
differences between them were assessed. Furthermore, the relationship 
between MAI score and drug-related hospital admission was explored. Results: 
Mean summed MAI scores of 13.7 according to the geriatrician and 13.6 
according to the pharmacist were obtained. The highest scores were found for 
drugs for the central nervous and the urinary tract system; the highest 
scores per question were detected for right choice, adverse drug reactions, 
and drug-drug interactions. A good agreement between the scores of the 
geriatrician and the pharmacist was found: intraclass correlation 
coefficient was 0.91 and overall κ value was 0.71. A significantly higher 
MAI score was found for drug-related hospital admissions (P = 0.04 for the 
geriatrician and P = 0.03 for the pharmacist). Conclusions: This adapted MAI 
score seems useful for detection of drug-related problems in geriatric 
inpatients and reliable with a low inter-rater variability and positive 
correlation between high score and drug-related hospital admission. We 
consider further application of the adapted MAI for teaching and training of 
clinical pharmacists, and as a systematic approach for detection of 
drug-related problems by the clinical pharmacists in our hospital. © 2012 
Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  antiinflammatory agent
  cardiovascular agent
  central nervous system agents
  respiratory tract agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  potentially inappropriate medication
  scoring system
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  central nervous system
  clinical article
  drug fatality
  drug indication
  drug use
  female
  geriatric patient
  hospital admission
  hospital patient
  hospitalization
  human
  inflammation
  length of stay
  male
  observational study
  pain
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  reliability
  respiratory system
  retrospective study
  treatment duration
  urinary tract
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012205247
MEDLINE PMID
  22304791 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22304791)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2012.01.003
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 402
TITLE
  Assessment of pharmaceutical interventions in a clinical pharmacokinetics 
unit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Marzal Alfaro B.
  Flox Benitez P.
  Martin Barbero M.L.
  Manzanares Secades C.
  De Lorenzo Pinto A.
  Yeste Gómez I.
  Sanjurjo Sáez M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Marzal Alfaro B.; Flox Benitez P.; Martin Barbero M.L.; Manzanares Secades 
C.; De Lorenzo Pinto A.; Yeste Gómez I.; Sanjurjo Sáez M.) Hospital General 
Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Pharmacy, Madrid, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Marzal Alfaro, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Pharmacy, 
Madrid, Spain.
SOURCE
  European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy: Science and Practice (2012) 19:2 
(197). Date of Publication: April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 European Association of Hospital Pharmacists, EAHP Congress
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Milan, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-21 to 2012-03-23
BOOK PUBLISHER
  BMJ Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
  Background: Pharmaceutical interventions are a method of ensuring the 
efficacy and safety of treatments. Purpose: To classify pharmaceutical 
interventions made by a pharmacy resident in the pharmacokinetics unit of a 
tertiary hospital and evaluation of acceptance by the clinician. Materials 
and methods: For one month, The authors reviewed electronic prescriptions of 
drugs with a narrow therapeutic range in medical and intensive care wards. 
Pharmacokinetics studies were performed using the PKS software package and 
reports were issued to the patient's physician. Pharmaceutical interventions 
were classified according to the method described by Overhage et al, which 
measures the gravity of medication errors and the value of clinical 
interventions made by the pharmacist. Drug-related problems were classified 
according to the Granada Consensus. Results: Thirty-two patients (84% of 
those reviewed) were evaluated. The drugs prescribed were digoxin (55%), 
valproic acid (20%), vancomycin (11%), phenytoin (7%) and amikacin (7%). The 
authors made 29 pharmaceutical interventions (the remaining patients had 
drug levels within the therapeutic range), with a degree of acceptance of 
93%. Interventions were classified as follows: 'dosing error (DE) consisting 
of a very low dose of a drug that is not potentially life-saving' (10/29); 
'DE consisting of a very low dose of a potentially life-saving drug' 
(10/29); 'DE resulting in potentially toxic concentrations' (3/29); 
'inappropriate dosing interval' (3/29); 'clinically significant interaction 
requiring follow-up' (2/29); 'adverse events related to precautions or 
contraindications' (1/29). The classification of interventions according to 
clinical importance were life-threatening (34%), serious (14%), and 
significant (52%). Drug-related problems were classified as quantitatively 
ineffective (20/29), qualitatively ineffective (2/29); quantitatively unsafe 
(4/29), qualitatively unsafe (3/29). Conclusions Most of the patients 
required a pharmaceutical intervention to adjust their treatment. All 
interventions made had a relevant clinical impact, as they involved 
high-risk drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. The most common 
drug-related problem was quantitative inefficacy due to underdosing.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amikacin
  digoxin
  phenytoin
  valproic acid
  vancomycin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
  pharmacokinetics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  classification
  computer program
  consensus
  electronic prescribing
  follow up
  gravity
  intensive care
  low drug dose
  medication error
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  risk
  safety
  tertiary health care
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.295
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 403
TITLE
  Optimising drug therapy with pharmacistconducted medication review in 
hemodialysis patients: A collaborative approach
AUTHOR NAMES
  Melissa C.M.Y.
  Li C.L.
  Yeng K.G.
  Chee O.W.
  Mui N.S.
  Terk C.W.
  Lina C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Melissa C.M.Y.; Li C.L.; Yeng K.G.; Chee O.W.; Mui N.S.; Terk C.W.) 
Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
(Lina C.) Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, 
Singapore.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.M.Y. Melissa, Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, 
Singapore.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Kidney Diseases (2012) 59:4 (A28). Date of Publication: 
April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  National Kidney Foundation 2012 Spring Clinical Meetings
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-05-09 to 2012-05-13
ISSN
  0272-6386
BOOK PUBLISHER
  W.B. Saunders
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are at 
high risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). They usually have multiple 
co-morbidities which require a cocktail of medications. One strategy is to 
include a clinical pharmacist in the renal multidisciplinary team to 
optimize pharmacotherapy and improve patient's care. The objectives of this 
study were to determine the prevalence of DRPs and pharmacists' 
interventions in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A retrospective 
observational study was conducted at Medication Management Clinic by 
pharmacists from March to November 2011 in Singapore General Hospital. The 
study population were hemodialysis patients referred by renal physicians for 
a comprehensive medication review prior to their clinic appointment. The 
pharmacist collected relevant information using direct interview and medical 
record review process. A written report with recommendations was submitted 
to the doctor to aid clinical decision making. Data were analysed using 
descriptive statistics on patients' demographic, types of DRPs and 
interventions made. Results: Twenty nine (75%) renal patients visited the 
pharmacist for a medication review. A total of 388 medications were reviewed 
and 93 DRPs identified. The top 3 DRPs were non-adherence (33.5%), untreated 
indication (15.1%) and drug without indication (8.6%). Seven types of 
interventions by pharmacists were identified mainly were, educational 
(35.2%), addition of drug (22%), discontinuation of drug (14.7%). 
Conclusion: At least 3 DRPs were identified per patient reviewed by 
pharmacists. DRPs in hemodialysis patients have been associated with poor 
health related outcomes. A collaborated medication management approach 
between the pharmacist and physician will help to address drug related 
issues and improve patient care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  hemodialysis patient
  human
  kidney
  non profit organization
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical decision making
  general hospital
  health
  hemodialysis
  hospital
  interview
  kidney failure
  medical record review
  medication therapy management
  morbidity
  observational study
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  physician
  population
  prevalence
  risk
  Singapore
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 404
TITLE
  Online notification: A real progress for pharmacodependence's cases
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lomenech H.
  Gerardin M.
  Rousselet M.
  Vigneau C.
  Jolliet P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lomenech H.; Gerardin M.; Rousselet M.; Vigneau C.; Jolliet P.) Centre 
d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance (Nantes), Nantes 
Cedex, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Lomenech, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance 
(Nantes), Nantes Cedex, France.
SOURCE
  Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology (2012) 26 SUPPL.1 (70). Date of 
Publication: April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Meeting of French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, the 
79th Annual Meeting of Society of Physiology, the 33th Pharmacovigilance 
Meeting, the 13th APNET Seminar and the 10th CHU CIC Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dijon, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-04 to 2012-04-06
ISSN
  0767-3981
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Objective: France is one of the only european countries that has a specific 
system dedicated to drugs abuse and dependence potential evaluation (Centre 
for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependence, CEIP Network). Records 
of dependence or abuse cases are notified by health professionals. This 
system suffers from an under-notification especially by the hospital 
professionals. To increase and facilitate the collection of notifications, 
it has been decided to work on a computer tool in Nantes University 
Hospital. This work aims at presenting the different steps of the 
development of a software for pharmacodependence's notifications in the 
hospital. Methods: Call for tender: a company has been chosen to develop a 
software for the notifications. The software had to be clear, simple, 
attractive and intuitive for the users. Adaptation of the software: many 
workshops have been planned to tailor the actual system of notification to 
the software. It has been adapted to the dependence criteria. Choose of test 
departments: among the departments that notified most, four have been chosen 
to test the software. Training: staffs have been trained to declare 
dependence's cases with this new tool. Launch in the entire hospital 
Results: The software is installed in every computer of the hospital and 
operational is the four test departments. In each test department, almost 
one person masters the software and is able to notify and to explain to the 
staff. The date for the launch in the entire hospital and a training 
campaign are planned. Discussion: This new tool facilitates spontaneous 
pharmacodependence's notifications in Nantes University Hospital. An impact 
assessment in a few months will evaluate the increase of spontaneous 
notification since the software's launch. This online system should also 
increase exchanges between the hospitals departments and the CEIP and could 
be a tool to send pharmacodependence's messages or alerts. According to the 
results it would be interesting to adapt this software for pharmacists and 
general practitioners.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  pharmacology
  physiology
  society
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adaptation
  computer
  computer program
  France
  general practitioner
  health practitioner
  hospital
  human
  online system
  pharmacist
  university hospital
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01032.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 405
TITLE
  Eating patterns among heroin users: a qualitative study with implications 
for nutritional interventions.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Neale J.
  Nettleton S.
  Pickering L.
  Fischer J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Neale J.) Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, 
Oxford, UK.
(Nettleton S.; Pickering L.; Fischer J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Neale, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, 
Oxford, UK. Email: jneale@brookes.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Addiction (Abingdon, England) (2012) 107:3 (635-641). Date of Publication: 
Mar 2012
ISSN
  1360-0443 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To provide new insights into heroin users' eating patterns in order to 
inform nutritional interventions. Seventy-seven audio-recorded in-depth 
interviews which elicited detailed data on eating patterns. Community and 
residential drug services, pharmacies and peer support groups in Southern 
England, UK. Forty current or ex-heroin users (21 men and 19 women), of whom 
37 (20 men and 17 women) were re-interviewed after 3 months. Audio data 
transcribed verbatim, coded systematically and analysed inductively. Heroin 
users' eating patterns were influenced by individual, social, cultural, 
economic and environmental factors. During active heroin use, participants 
consumed quick, convenient, cheap and sweet foods, ate infrequently and had 
little interest in food. Eating patterns often improved during stays in 
residential services and after heroin cessation. Ex-heroin users began to 
take pleasure in food preparation and eating and identified therapeutic 
benefits to cooking. Initially, weight gain was experienced positively, but 
subsequently generated anxieties as participants, particularly women, 
struggled to control their appetite and worried about becoming overweight. 
Findings complement and add to previous research and sociological and 
anthropological literatures. Heroin users have dysfunctional eating patterns 
that are amenable to change and community and residential services could 
enable them to experience the many health, psychological and social benefits 
of improved eating practices. Nutritional interventions need to be tailored 
to individual needs and circumstances, but also monitored and evaluated so 
that there is a future evidence base. © 2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 
Society for the Study of Addiction.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  feeding behavior
  heroin dependence (rehabilitation)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  diet therapy
  eating
  female
  human
  male
  middle aged
  nutritional support
  psychological aspect
  residential care
  socioeconomics
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21933297 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21933297)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03660.x
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 406
TITLE
  Ethanol in herbal medicinal products for children: No toxicological concerns
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kelber O.
  Steinhoff B.
  Nauert C.
  Biller A.
  Adler M.
  Abdel-Aziz H.
  Okpanyi S.N.
  Kraft K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kelber O.; Abdel-Aziz H.; Okpanyi S.N.) Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH 
Scientific Department, Havelstr. 5, Darmstadt, Germany.
(Kelber O.; Steinhoff B.; Kraft K.) Kooperation Phytopharmaka Working Group 
Efficacy and Safety, Plittersdorfer Str. 218, Bonn, Germany.
(Steinhoff B.) Bundesverband der Arzneimittel-Hersteller, Ubierstr. 71-73, 
Bonn, Germany.
(Nauert C.) Cassella-med GmbH and Co. KG, Gereonsmühlengasse 1, Köln, 
Germany.
(Biller A.) Dr. Loges + Co. GmbH, Schützenstr. 5, Winsen, Germany.
(Adler M.) Institute for Integrative Medicine Siegen, Sohlbacher Str. 20, 
Siegen, Germany.
(Kraft K.) University of Rostock, Center of Internal Medicine, 
Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, Rostock, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Kelber, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH Scientific Department, 
Havelstr. 5, Darmstadt, Germany.
SOURCE
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2012) 385 SUPPL. 1 (S44)
CONFERENCE NAME
  Abstracts of the 78th Annual Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur 
Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V.
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dresden, Germany
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-19 to 2012-03-22
ISSN
  0028-1298
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag
ABSTRACT
  Ethanol is a component of many herbal fluid preparations [1], since it is an 
excellent extraction solvent for the phytochemical components of herbal 
drugs and contributes to the stability of these medicines. Toxicological and 
pharmacokinetic evaluations [2] have shown that the small amounts of ethanol 
applied with therapeutic doses are safe even in children. Despite that these 
medicines have been used safely since many decades, they have occasionally 
been subject of discussion in the public, triggered by the increasing 
problem of recreational abuse of alcoholic beverages by children and young 
persons [3, 4]. Therefore, there is a growing need of a systematic 
evaluation of pharmacovigilance data on these medicines. For evaluating the 
experience gained from the therapeutic use of these medicines, 16 pro- and 
retrospective studies with 10 herbal medicinal products containing ethanol 
at doses of 40 to 240 mg per single dose, depending on the age group, have 
been analyzed, covering 49 816 patients of 0-12 years of age. In these 
studies, altogether 15 adverse drug effects have been described, none of 
which was attributable to the ethanol content of the medicines. In a survey 
of the worldwide use of these and other 6 herbal medicinal products it was 
shown that during the past few years, more than 764 Mio daily doses have 
been sold, corresponding to more than 33 Mio of patients (data obtained from 
manufacturers; figures available partly from 1993 onwards, partly from 
2003/4 onwards). From the packages sold in Germany in the years between 2005 
and 2009, 48.1 Mio were attributable to self-medication, 10.8 Mio to 
prescriptions reimbursed by health insurance (IMS, Frankfurt). As non 
prescription medicines are reimbursed in Germany only in children, at least 
the latter part of the prescriptions can be attributed mainly to children. 
All of these medicines are registered or licensed by regulatory authorities. 
Adverse effects are covered by the pharmacovigilance system, and no adverse 
effects attributable to the ethanol content have been reported. This set of 
data supports the conclusion drawn from the experience of a safe use over 
decades, i.e. that the ethanol content of herbal medicinal products does not 
give any causes for concern regarding their safety even in children. 
Dedication: This contribution is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Hilke Winterhoff, 
Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, who died 
on 9 May 2010. She has initiated this work.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  herbaceous agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  child
  human
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adverse drug reaction
  alcoholic beverage
  drug surveillance program
  drug therapy
  Germany
  groups by age
  health insurance
  liquid
  patient
  pharmacokinetics
  pharmacology
  prescription
  retrospective study
  safety
  self medication
  single drug dose
  solvent extraction
  toxicology
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-012-0736-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 407
TITLE
  Preliminary pharmacognostical standardization of portulaca oleracea linn
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mir P.A.
  Mukhtar H.M.
  Ali B.
  Yadav S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mir P.A.; Mukhtar H.M.; Ali B.; Yadav S.) Natural Product Research 
Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, S.B.S. College 
of Pharmacy, Chuslewar Morh, Patti, Tarn Taran, Punjab, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.A. Mir, Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy 
and Phytochemistry, S.B.S. College of Pharmacy, Chuslewar Morh, Patti, Tarn 
Taran, Punjab, India.
SOURCE
  Planta Medica (2012) 78:5. Date of Publication: March 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  11th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals, 
ICBS 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Oxford, MS, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-04-16 to 2012-04-19
ISSN
  0032-0943
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Georg Thieme Verlag
ABSTRACT
  Portulaca oleracea, commonly known as purslane, belongs to the family 
Portulaceae. It has been used as folk medicine in many countries for its 
diuretic, febrifuge, antiseptic, antimicrobial effects [1]. The plant 
investigated was authenticated by the Centre for Biodiversity and Taxonomy 
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir. Systematic pharmacognostical 
evaluation of dried powdered plant of purslane has been carried out 
according to WHO guidelines involving, microscopy, physicochemical 
parameters, chemical reactions and fluorescent analysis [2] etc. 
Physicochemical evaluation results like total ash values, foreign matter, 
moisture content was found to be 23.25%, 2.23%, 3.45% respectively. Tannin 
content was found to be 3.02%. Cold, hot and successive extraction was done 
by different solvents with increasing polarity like petroleum ether, 
benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, hydro alcoholic and 
water. The highest extractive value was found in water [3]. The results 
provide useful data that is essential for standardization and 
characterization of this medicinal herb.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetic acid ethyl ester
  alcohol
  antiinfective agent
  benzene
  chloroform
  diuretic agent
  methanol
  petroleum ether
  solvent
  tannin
  water
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Portulaca oleracea
  standardization
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  biodiversity
  chemical reaction
  extraction
  foreign body
  herb
  India
  microscopy
  moisture
  parameters
  plant
  Portulacaceae
  taxonomy
  traditional medicine
  university
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1307531
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 408
TITLE
  Pharmacists' involvement in the use of a prescription monitoring program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Primeaux B.
  Chelette C.
  Smith C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Primeaux B., primeabc@warhawks.ulm.edu; Chelette C.; Smith C.) University 
of Louisiana at Monroe, College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Primeaux, University of Louisiana at Monroe, College of Pharmacy, United 
States. Email: primeabc@warhawks.ulm.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (236). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Due to the increasing incidence of prescription drug diversion, 
30 of the 50 states have begun implementing a Prescription Monitoring 
Program (PMP). This controlled drug data tracking system can be an effective 
tool in combating this growing problem. Since 2008, our Board of Pharmacy 
has been evaluating the total number of dispensers and providers using the 
PMP; however, data detailing feelings and/or use of the program have not 
been studied. The objective of this study was to assess pharmacists' 
knowledge, opinions, and usage of the PMP and reasons for not using the 
program. Methods: All registered pharmacists in the state were invited to 
participate in an online survey. This 16-question IRBapproved survey allowed 
for multiple choice answers and open-ended comments. The data collected was 
divided by geographic region and pharmacy practice setting. Descriptive 
statistics were used to measure a difference between community and chain 
pharmacists utilization of the PMP. Results: Approximately 46% of the 659 
pharmacists surveyed have dispensing access to the PMP and 25.9% access it 
daily. Of those that do not have access to the PMP, 14.4% stated, “There is 
already a pharmacist that I work with that has access,” and 13.3% stated it 
was “Too time consuming” as their reason for not acquiring access. Results 
determined that the southwest region of the state has the most pharmacists 
with access to the PMP (53.49%), while the northeast has the lowest 
(37.65%). A significant difference (P = 0.004) was found when comparing 
percentage access of independent vs. chain pharmacists. Conclusion: 
Educating pharmacists and student pharmacists about the use of the PMP prior 
to dispensing controlled substance prescriptions may prevent more patients 
from obtaining frequently abused medications. The data collected has been 
shared with the Board of Pharmacy and educational programs are underway to 
address concerns.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  controlled substance
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  monitoring
  pharmacist
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  drug therapy
  multiple choice test
  patient
  pharmacy
  prescription drug diversion
  statistics
  student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 409
TITLE
  Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide modulators and other current treatment strategies 
for Alzheimer's disease (AD)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lukiw W.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lukiw W.J., wlukiw@lsuhsc.edu) Louisiana State University Health Sciences 
Center, LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Ophthalmology and Human 
Genetics, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.J. Lukiw, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, LSU 
Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, 2020 
Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, United States. Email: 
wlukiw@lsuhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs (2012) 17:1 (43-60). Date of Publication: 
March 2012
ISSN
  1472-8214
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Informa Healthcare, 69-77 Paul Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, progressive neurological 
disorder whose incidence is reaching epidemic proportions. The prevailing 
"amyloid cascade hypothesis," which maintains that the aberrant proteolysis 
of beta-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) into neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) 
peptides is central to the etiopathology of AD, continues to dominate 
pharmacological approaches to the clinical management of this insidious 
disorder. This review is a compilation and update on current pharmacological 
strategies designed to down-regulate Aβ42 peptide generation in an effort to 
ameliorate the tragedy of AD. Areas covered: This review utilized online 
data searches at various open online-access websites including the Alzheimer 
Association, Alzheimer Research Forum; individual drug company databases; 
the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Medline; Pharmaprojects database; 
Scopus; inter-University research communications; and unpublished research 
data. Expert opinion: Anti-acetylcholinesterase-, chelation-, 
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist-, statin-, Aβ immunization-, 
β-secretase-, γ-secretase-based, and other strategies to modulate βAPP 
processing, have dominated pharmacological approaches directed against 
AD-type neurodegenerative pathology. Cumulative clinical results of these 
efforts remain extremely disappointing, and have had little overall impact 
on the clinical management of AD. While a number of novel approaches are in 
consideration and development, to date there is still no effective treatment 
or cure for this expanding healthcare concern. © 2012 Informa UK, Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amyloid beta protein (endogenous compound)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2,2 dimethyl n (2,4,6 trimethoxyphenyl)dodecanamide (drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  avasimibe (drug therapy)
  azd 103 (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  bapineuzumab (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy, intravenous 
drug administration)
  beta secretase inhibitor (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  bexarotene (drug therapy, oral drug administration, pharmacology)
  cholinesterase inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  cts 2166 (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  dimebon (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  donepezil (clinical trial, drug combination, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
pharmacoeconomics, pharmacology)
  fluindostatin (drug therapy)
  galantamine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug comparison, drug 
therapy, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacology)
  gamma secretase inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  homotaurine (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  Melissa officinalis extract (drug therapy)
  memantine (drug combination, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  mevinolin (drug therapy)
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  nootropic agent (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  pravastatin (drug therapy)
  rivastigmine (clinical trial, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
pharmacoeconomics, pharmacology)
  Salvia officinalis extract (drug therapy)
  semagacestat (drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  simvastatin (drug therapy)
  solanezumab (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  tacrine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  tarenflurbil (drug therapy)
  unclassified drug
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Alzheimer disease (drug therapy, drug therapy, prevention, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism (drug therapy)
  article
  autism (drug therapy)
  blood brain barrier
  brain disease (side effect)
  brain edema (side effect)
  cardiovascular disease (side effect)
  cerebrovascular disease (side effect)
  chelation therapy
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  dementia (drug therapy)
  depression (drug therapy)
  dose response
  drug cost
  drug efficacy
  extrapyramidal syndrome (side effect)
  gastrointestinal disease (side effect)
  gastrointestinal hemorrhage (side effect)
  Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (drug therapy)
  glaucoma (drug therapy)
  headache (side effect)
  health care need
  human
  hyperplasia (side effect)
  immunization
  immunopathology (side effect)
  liver failure (side effect)
  liver toxicity (side effect)
  lung disease (side effect)
  Melissa officinalis
  multiple sclerosis (drug therapy)
  neuropathic pain (drug therapy)
  neuropathology
  neuroprotection
  nonhuman
  nystagmus (drug therapy)
  obsessive compulsive disorder (drug therapy)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
  protein processing
  Salvia officinalis
  socioeconomics
  systemic lupus erythematosus (drug therapy)
  tinnitus (drug therapy)
  treatment outcome
  treatment planning
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  urogenital tract disease (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  alzhemed
  aricept  Pfizer

  azd 103
  bapineuzumab  Pfizer

  ci 976
  cts 2166
  exelon
  flurizan
  ly 2062430
  namenda  Forest

  nivalin
  razadyne
  reminyl
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Forest
  Pfizer
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  2,2 dimethyl n (2,4,6 trimethoxyphenyl)dodecanamide (114289-47-3)
  amyloid beta protein (109770-29-8)
  avasimibe (166518-60-1, 166518-61-2)
  bapineuzumab (648895-38-9)
  bexarotene (153559-49-0)
  dimebon (12687-54-6, 20684-30-4, 3613-73-8, 97657-92-6)
  donepezil (120011-70-3, 120014-06-4, 142057-77-0)
  fluindostatin (93957-54-1)
  galantamine (1953-04-4, 357-70-0)
  homotaurine (3687-18-1)
  memantine (19982-08-2, 41100-52-1, 51052-62-1)
  mevinolin (75330-75-5)
  pravastatin (81093-37-0, 81131-70-6)
  rivastigmine (129101-54-8)
  semagacestat (425386-60-3)
  simvastatin (79902-63-9)
  solanezumab (955085-14-0)
  tacrine (1684-40-8, 3198-41-2, 321-64-2)
  tarenflurbil (51543-40-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012177323
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14728214.2012.672559
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 410
TITLE
  Implementing a substancesof-abuse outreach program in the rochester city 
school district
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jarbe R.
  Piette N.
  Dave C.
  Parkhill A.
  Lull M.
  Mathews J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jarbe R., rlj08314@sjfc.edu; Piette N.; Dave C.; Parkhill A.; Lull M.; 
Mathews J.) St. John Fisher College, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Jarbe, St. John Fisher College, United States. Email: rlj08314@sjfc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (280). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: This program aims to provide substances of abuse education to 
local high school students. Methods: An outreach program, modeled after the 
National Institute on Drug Abuse instructional materials, was developed by 
student pharmacists and faculty for delivery to the Rochester City School 
District. Strict regulations prevented admittance into any classrooms until 
the program was presented to all health teachers at a districtwide meeting. 
Approval was given to begin working in the classrooms in April 2011. The 
program was first adopted in two health education classes at Edison Tech 
(May 2011). Information was presented to students using lecture, small group 
discussion, and printed materials. The topic covered, marijuana, was based 
on the teacher's preference. A formative assessment was used to address 
student perceptions of the program due to the small number of students in 
each of the classes (n = 5-7). The teacher of record in the classroom 
conducted the assessment interviews. Results: Student feedback included 
comments such as, “We liked them and appreciate the time they took to come 
in,” “I didn't know about pharm parties” and, “I learned a lot”. Feedback 
from the teacher also reflected the positive impact of the program in his 
classroom: “There is a perception that the outside community does not care 
about urbanites and this program at the very root reverses that dynamic very 
clearly. My hope is that we can develop an ongoing relationship.” 
Conclusion: The timing of program approval by the school district impeded 
broad implementation for spring 2011; however, plans are in place for 
several schools in spring 2012. The opportunity to pilot the program with 
Edison Tech was beneficial and provided valuable feedback for improvement. 
Student pharmacists are in a unique position to provide this education and 
are viewed as approachable and nonthreatening to high school-aged students.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  city
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  education
  feedback system
  health
  health education
  high school
  high school student
  hope
  human
  interview
  national health organization
  pharmacist
  student
  teacher
  urban population
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 411
TITLE
  Geriatrics care clinic: Medication profiling and outcomes amongthe elderly 
in a rural community-philippine model
AUTHOR NAMES
  Catolico K.
  Torres D.
  Quilala P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Catolico K., kyla1113catolico@yahoo.com.ph; Torres D.; Quilala P.) 
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Catolico, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines. Email: 
kyla1113catolico@yahoo.com.ph
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (216). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: (1) For target population to benefit from intervention of the 
pharmacy team, (2) for student pharmacists to acquire competency in elderly 
medication counseling, (3) for pharmacy faculty to instruct experiential 
learning to student pharmacists, and (4) to evaluate the efficiency of 
program and pharmacist participation through QOL surveys performed by a 
pharmacy team. Methods: Inclusion: elderly individuals at least 60 years of 
age from an unserved rural community. Phase 1: medication profiling, general 
health assessment, QOL-SF36 evaluation, adherence monitoring (Morisky Scale) 
conducted on-site. Phase 2: electrocardiography, radiography, sonography 
through mobile clinic to rationalize patients' drug usages. Medication 
brought on-site. Phase 3: reassessment of medication use through 
house-to-house medication profiling which deployed teams. Student 
pharmacists obtained medication related data, performed initial counseling. 
An academic pharmacist supervised student interview and augmented medication 
counseling. A Community Health Worker, knowledgeable of the community and 
constituents, will be trained through reinforcement strategies for program 
sustainability. Results: Total: 38 clients (mean age 72). Medication 
profile: 57% not taking prescription medications however indicated, 23% one 
prescription medication, 22% two or more prescription medications, 41% 
herbal medicine, 58% OTC drugs. Electrocardiography: 59% NSR, 38% needs 
treatment, 23% no medication. Chest radiography: 4% normal findings, 39% 
needs treatment, 28% no medication. Kidney ultrasound: 60% normal kidneys, 
urinary bladder, 40% abnormal results without medication. General health is 
fair to very good which changed from somewhat worse to fair health. 
Conclusion: Detection of medication use-related problems: drug-herbal 
interactions, expired medication use, omitted medications, is more efficient 
during house calls. Observed diverse medication use patterns. Clients 
subsequently educated on appropriate drug handling and use. Data from mobile 
clinic augmented and individually tailored medication counseling to clients. 
Follow-up data on adherence, lifestyle modifications, disease management 
counseling, and baseline QOL revealed need for subsequent visitations to 
community and creation of collaborative partnership through referral system 
to medical specialties.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aged
  drug therapy
  geriatrics
  hospital
  human
  model
  rural population
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  bladder
  community
  counseling
  disease management
  drug use
  echography
  electrocardiography
  experiential learning
  follow up
  health
  health auxiliary
  herbal medicine
  interview
  kidney
  lifestyle modification
  medicine
  monitoring
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  population
  prescription
  professional practice
  program sustainability
  radiography
  reinforcement
  student
  thorax radiography
  ultrasound
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 412
TITLE
  Contributions to patient care from P3 IPPE students during an 
interprofessional older adult home visit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ali S.
  Spiteri K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ali S., ao5292@wayne.edu; Spiteri K.) Wayne State University, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Ali, Wayne State University, United States. Email: ao5292@wayne.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (221). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To quantify medication use and classify drug related problems 
(DRPs) discovered by third-year student pharmacists (P3s) during medication 
reviews performed in older adult homes during interprofessional team visits. 
Methods: During an interprofessional collaborative learning experience with 
second- year medical students, P3s conducted a medication therapy management 
(MTM) review including a comprehensive medication history and assessment of 
the older adult's pill box and medication storage in the home. Medication 
calendars and DRP recommendations were prepared by each P3 and finalized 
with a pharmacy preceptor. Older adults, who had been recruited from 
community centers, church groups, and geriatric specialty centers, granted 
assent to use of their information. During the second visit or phone call, 
the P3 explained the recommendations and calendar to the older adult. Two 
second-year student pharmacists categorized medications and classified 
severity of DRPs related to medicine benefits and side effects using the 
Severity of Error in Medication Order scale (AJHP 99;56:2449). Discrepancies 
were resolved by discussion between the student evaluators. Descriptive 
statistics were calculated with SPSS version 19. Results: 80 older adults 
used 8.9 ± 3.9 medications (prescriptions, herbals, and over-the-counters; 
total 711) and had 10.7 ± 5.7 DRPs (range 2-23; total 861). Cardiovascular 
medications were the most commonly used medications (3.3 ± 1.7 medications). 
The most common DRP recommendation categories were medicine benefit and side 
effects (22%), monitoring (19%), patient education (17%), lifestyle (17%), 
and adherence (16%). The highest DRP subtype was starting an 
over-the-counter medication for untreated condition. The majority of patient 
education recommendations were related to immunizations. Most medicine 
benefit and side effects DRP severities (total 191) were classified as 
significant (61%) or minor (34%) with 5% of the recommendations considered 
serious, with patients encouraged to see health care provider soon. 
Conclusion: Student pharmacist involvement in home visit MTM reviews was 
effective at identifying important DRPs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  human
  patient care
  professional practice
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  drug therapy
  health care personnel
  immunization
  learning
  lifestyle
  medical student
  medication therapy management
  monitoring
  patient
  patient education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pill
  prescription
  religion
  side effect
  statistics
  storage
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 413
TITLE
  Advanced training and implementation of pharmaceutical care for inherited 
metabolic disorders
AUTHOR NAMES
  Utz J.R.
  Hazaert J.
  Whitley C.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Utz J.R.; Hazaert J.; Whitley C.B.) Department of Experimental and Clinical 
Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Fairview, Minneapolis, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.R. Utz, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University 
of Minnesota, Fairview, Minneapolis, United States.
SOURCE
  Molecular Genetics and Metabolism (2012) 105:3 (357-358). Date of 
Publication: March 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  2012 Meeting of the Society for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, SIMD 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Charlotte, NC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-31 to 2012-04-03
ISSN
  1096-7192
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academic Press Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Pharmaceutical Care (PC), also known as Medication Therapy 
Management (MTM), is a formal clinical service that identifies, resolves and 
prevents drug therapy problems. PC/MTM services are now provided in an 
increasing number of primary care settings, and have been shown to improve 
clinical outcomes and reduce overall healthcare costs in common chronic 
disease states. Although PC/MTM is globally acknowledged as a valued 
clinical service for common chronic conditions, its usefulness in rare 
diseases and specialty practices has not been explored. Although training in 
PC/MTM is required curriculum at most colleges of pharmacy in the United 
States, training for PC/MTM in specialty practices has not been available. 
The orphan diseases known as inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) include 
conditions that require care from multiple specialty providers and treatment 
with numerous and costly medications, including orphan drugs, and provides a 
useful model for studying the value of providing PC/MTM training and 
services in rare diseases. Objectives/Methods: We instituted a 2-year 
post-doctoral, i.e., post-PharmD, training program, the Pharmacotherapy and 
Pharmacogenetics of Inherited Metabolic Diseases Residency, to provide 
advanced clinical practice training in PC/MTM for IMD, explore the 
usefulness of PC/MTM towards improving clinical outcomes, and compare the 
role of PC/MTM in specialty diseases to PC/MTM in the primary care setting. 
Results: During the first 2-year training program PC/MTM was provided for 
patients with lysosomal storage diseases and PKU as standard care in the 
Advanced Therapies Clinic at the University of Minnesota. Clinical care 
advancements for IMD patients that were realized through PC/MTM services 
included: 1) identifying 3 major types of infusion reactions to enzyme 
replacement therapies (ERT); 2) establishing methods for successfully 
managing all 3 types of infusion reactions; 3) instituting a medication 
treatment regimen for the gangliosidoses; 4) improving management of 
neuropathic pain management in Fabry disease patients; 5) instituting a 
formal process for evaluating Fabry disease pain; and 6) implementing 
systematic pharmacogenetic evaluations of medications. Clinical research 
experiences gained by the resident include: 1) initiating a clinical trial 
to study treatment of Fabry disease neuropathic pain; 2) submission of an 
FDA IND for Fabry disease pain trial; 3) manuscript writing; 4) grant 
writing; 5) on-site industry training; and 6) presenting abstracts at 4 
international scientific meetings. Conclusions: The addition of a PharmD to 
the clinical team can enhance the number and value of clinical program 
offerings in specialty practice clinics. A clinical practice and research 
residency or fellowship training program, such as the Pharmacotherapy and 
Pharmacogenetics of Inherited Metabolic Disorders PharmD Residency, provides 
a method for training PharmD graduates in advanced clinical practice skills 
and research skills necessary for improving clinical outcomes in rare 
diseases.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  orphan drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  metabolic disorder
  pharmaceutical care
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  chronic disease
  clinical practice
  clinical research
  clinical trial
  college
  curriculum
  diseases
  drug therapy
  enzyme replacement
  Fabry disease
  food and drug administration
  gangliosidosis
  graduate
  health care cost
  hospital
  human
  industry
  infusion
  lysosome storage disease
  medication therapy management
  model
  neuropathic pain
  pain
  patient
  pharmacogenetics
  pharmacy
  phenylketonuria
  primary medical care
  publication
  rare disease
  skill
  therapy
  training
  United States
  university
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.01.004
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 414
TITLE
  Interprofessional student volunteers integrated into a medication 
reconciliation program serving university-affiliated clinics
AUTHOR NAMES
  Trang C.
  Lu J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Trang C., cindyltr@usc.edu; Lu J.) USC, School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Trang, USC, School of Pharmacy, United States. Email: cindyltr@usc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (233). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To (1) integrate trained student pharmacists into safety-net 
entities and perform medication reconciliation services, (2) improve 
medication safety by identifying and resolving potential adverse drug events 
(pADEs) and adverse drug events (ADEs), and (3) involve students from other 
health disciplines in the medication reconciliation process. Methods: 
Volunteer student pharmacists were trained on medication reconciliation, 
with the scope of each student's involvement dependent on the years of 
schooling completed. Under the supervision of a clinical pharmacist, these 
student pharmacists committed to performing medication reconciliation 
services for the university-affiliated safety net clinics and documenting 
medication safety interventions including potential adverse drug events and 
adverse drug events using intervention forms and categories aligned with 
national recognized standards. Students from other health professions were 
invited to participate and were trained on-site by student pharmacists. The 
impact of the program on patient safety (using the intervention form) and 
the changes in student perceptions of and attitudes about interdisciplinary 
care (using a validated health profession student survey) will be measured. 
Data will be aggregated to summarize the percentage of patients receiving 
medication reconciliation who had at least one drug-related problem 
identified, types of medication-related problems identified, medication 
safety interventions, severity of pADEs and ADEs, and actions taken to 
resolve medication-related problems.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital
  human
  medication therapy management
  student
  university
  volunteer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  drug therapy
  health
  occupation
  patient
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  safety
  safety net hospital
  school
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 415
TITLE
  General awareness of pharmacovigilance programmes in medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bommareddy M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bommareddy M., manasvi_999@hotmail.com)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Bommareddy, Email: manasvi_999@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Australasian Medical Journal (2012) 5:1 (113-114). Date of Publication: 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  4th International Medical Students' Research Conference of the Forum for 
Medical Students' Research (India)
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Mumbai, India
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-12 to 2011-05-14
ISSN
  1836-1935
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Australasian Medical Journal Pty Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the 
detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or 
any other drug-related problem.The awareness about clinical trials and 
pharmacovigilance in India has not reached to it's maximum amongst the 
health care professionals. One of the key skills that undergraduate medical 
students should develop during their training is to be prepared for safe 
medical practice. This concept is usually diluted or ignored in most medical 
curricula. Medical students should play a more active role in reporting the 
adverse drug reactions.Aims: To evaluate the level of awareness of 
Pharmacovigilance programs among medical students. Materials and Methods 
Study center and population: Students of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, 
with a background of pharmacology. 2- 3 months . Study validation: This 
qualitative questionnaire based study has questions validated by experienced 
professionals. The study protocol tool was examine and validated by 
conducting a well designed pilot study. Study sample size: 196, according to 
WHO Epi info softwar. 325 ScoringA) Questions answered correcLy poinB) 
Questions answered incorrectly +00 poinC) Questions with multiple answers 
+01 points for each anser Analysis and management: Descriptive statistics 
and multiple response analyses will be conducted using SPSS 16 software 
(SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill). A p-value less than 0.05 will be considered 
significant. Results A total of 196 students participated. Among the four 
categories of the questionnaire survey, students were excellent (>60% 
reciprocated with positive response) in first one, importance of 
pharmacovigilance. In the second category, status of PV in india, majority 
of them had good concept (35% answered excellently, 34% good and 29% gave 
poor response). In the third one, causality assessment and ADR's reporting 
many were ignorant (>90% poor knowledge). However they scored better in 
adverse reactions and events (>50% answered correctly). Conclusions Students 
scored average and their knowledge was less than expected. Hence it is 
mandatory to educate students at the grass root level.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  dihydrotachysterol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  human
  India
  medical student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  clinical trial (topic)
  computer program
  curriculum
  epidemiology
  grass
  health care personnel
  medical practice
  medical school
  pharmacology
  pilot study
  population
  prevention
  questionnaire
  sample size
  skill
  statistical significance
  statistics
  student
  United States
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 416
TITLE
  Primary medication adherence among patients transitioning from hospital to 
home care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Backes A.
  Rizos A.
  Pricor L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Backes A., andrea.c.backes@gmail.com; Rizos A.; Pricor L.) Sharp 
HealthCare, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Backes, Sharp HealthCare, United States. Email: andrea.c.backes@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (205-206). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objective is to determine the effect of a pharmacy resident- 
led intervention on primary medication adherence among patients 
transitioning from hospital to home care (HC). Methods: This is a 
randomized, controlled trial. Patients discharged from the hospital and 
admitted to HC will be eligible if they have congestive heart failure or 
take >10 medications. Patients being evaluated for heart transplants will be 
excluded. Eligible patients will be visited by the pharmacy resident prior 
to discharge. Written informed consent and pharmacy information will be 
obtained. The control group will receive usual care, which consists of 
discharge medication counseling by a nurse and medication reconciliation by 
a HC clinician. The intervention group will be visited by the pharmacy 
resident prior to discharge (phase I) and at home within 5 days after 
discharge (phase II). Phase I will consist of reviewing the discharge 
medication list for drugrelated problems (DRPs), discussing DRPs with 
hospitalist, and medication counseling. Phase II will consist of comparing 
medication bottles to discharge medication list and identifying DRPs to 
address with the primary care provider. The primary outcome will be primary 
medication adherence within 5 days of discharge. The pharmacy resident will 
call patients' pharmacies to determine whether newly prescribed medications 
were picked up by the patients. For intervention patients, this will be 
physically confirmed during the home visit. For control patients, this will 
be electronically confirmed by the assessment done by the HC clinician. 
Secondary outcomes will be frequency of 30-day readmissions and 30-day 
emergency department visits. All data analyses will be performed using 
Stata. Continuous variables will be compared using the student's t test, and 
categorical data will be compared using chi-square test. Data analyses will 
include descriptive analyses of patient demographics, rate of primary 
medication non-adherence, and factors associated with primary medication 
non-adherence.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  home care
  hospital
  human
  medication compliance
  patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chi square test
  congestive heart failure
  control group
  counseling
  data analysis
  drug therapy
  emergency ward
  heart graft
  hospital readmission
  informed consent
  medication therapy management
  nurse
  pharmacy
  primary medical care
  professional practice
  randomized controlled trial
  Student t test
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 417
TITLE
  Indicators of the pharmaceutical care service at the University of Southern 
Santa Catarina
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Indicadores do serviço de atenção farmacêutica (SAF) da universidade do sul 
de santa catarina
AUTHOR NAMES
  Alano G.M.
  dos Santos Corrêa T.
  Galato D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Alano G.M., graziela.alano@unisul.br; dos Santos Corrêa T.; Galato D.) 
Departamento de Ciencias biologicas e da Saude e de Ciencias Sociais 
Aplicadas, Universidade do Sul de, Santa Catarina, Avenida José Acácio 
Moreira787, Dehon. 88704-900 Tubarão SC, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. M. Alano, Departamento de Ciencias biologicas e da Saude e de Ciencias 
Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Sul de, Santa Catarina, Avenida José 
Acácio Moreira 787, Dehon. 88704-900 Tubarão SC, Brazil. Email: 
graziela.alano@unisul.br
SOURCE
  Ciencia e Saude Coletiva (2012) 17:3 (757-764). Date of Publication: March 
2012
ISSN
  1413-8123
  1678-4561 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Associacao Brasileira de Pos, Av. Brasil, 4036-sala 700 Manguinhos, Rio de 
Janeiro, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmaceutical Care has represented a new clinical practice for pharmacists. 
This study aims to show the indicators of the Pharmaceutical Care Service at 
the University of Southern Santa Catarina. Documentary analysis of 
pharmaceutical records of 58 patients was conducted between September 2007 
and March 2008 to identify the indicators. Most patients were women (77.6%), 
with a mean age of 54 years. Average number of health problems per patient 
was 4.6 in the first visit and 4.3 in the last one. The most widely used 
drug classes were cardiovascular (30.2%) and nervous system (27.5%). On 
average, 2.7 drug-related problems per patient were detected, the most 
common being those related to effectiveness and safety. Of the problems 
identified, 82.2% were classified as preventable and 63.7% as manifested. 
Pharmaceutical interventions registered 79.0% of acceptance, of which 78.9% 
had positive results. On average, there were 2.6 patient- related needs, 
especially regarding questions about drug therapy (30.4%), which were 
positively answered in 84.8% of cases. These indicators show that the 
pharmaceutical care service is very active in promoting health education.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care quality
  hospital pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Brazil
  cross-sectional study
  female
  human
  male
  middle aged
  standard
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Portuguese
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Portuguese
MEDLINE PMID
  22450418 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22450418)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012000300023
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 418
TITLE
  Effective delivery of pharmaceutical palliative care: Challenges in the 
community pharmacy setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  Akram G.
  Bennie M.
  McKellar S.
  Michels S.
  Hudson S.
  Trundle J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Akram G., gazala.akram@strath.ac.uk; Bennie M.; Hudson S.) Strathclyde 
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 
161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
(Akram G., gazala.akram@strath.ac.uk; Trundle J.) NHS Greater Glasgow and 
Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
(Bennie M.) NHS National Services Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
(McKellar S.; Michels S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Akram, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 
University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United 
Kingdom. Email: gazala.akram@strath.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Journal of Palliative Medicine (2012) 15:3 (317-321). Date of Publication: 1 
Mar 2012
ISSN
  1096-6218
  1557-7740 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 140 Huguenot Street, New Rochelle, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Medication, particularly analgesia, is an important component of 
palliative care. However, timely access to medication, particularly opioids, 
can become problematic for patients receiving palliative care in the 
community setting. In Scotland in 2009, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Health 
Board (NHS GG&C), in partnership with Macmillan Cancer Support, established 
a programme to improve the local provision of pharmaceutical palliative care 
services with the appointment of Macmillan Pharmacist Facilitators. 
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde were commissioned to support 
the development and evaluation of this new service. We report the findings 
of this initial investigation into the provision of current palliative care 
services and outline an evidence-based action plan to support service 
improvement. Methods and results: Qualitative data were gathered using focus 
group interviews. Three key themes were identified: medication supply, 
communication, and education and training. Conclusions: The study findings 
have been used to develop an evidence-based action plan for the Macmillan 
Pharmacist Facilitators. This program of work is due for completion by 
December 2012. © Copyright 2012, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2012.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care delivery
  palliative therapy
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug monitoring
  evidence based practice
  general practitioner
  health care planning
  human
  interpersonal communication
  medical education
  medical practice
  pharmacy
  prescription
  qualitative analysis
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012146909
MEDLINE PMID
  22339286 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22339286)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2011.0262
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 419
TITLE
  “Brown bag” CMRs: Review of the medicine cabinet
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hilsabeck K.
  Shepley A.
  Currie J.
  Sorofman B.
  Catney C.
  Schroeder M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hilsabeck K., kyle.hilsabeck11@gmail.com; Currie J.; Sorofman B.; Catney 
C.; Schroeder M.) University of Iowa, United States.
(Shepley A.) Shepley Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Hilsabeck, University of Iowa, United States. Email: 
kyle.hilsabeck11@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (232). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Document the value of reviewing a patient's actual medication 
containers during comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs). Methods: A 
qualitative approach using case studies will evaluate a new pharmacy 
service. Patients using medications to improve glycemic control in diabetes 
(target n = 10) will be invited to participate in a Comprehensive Medication 
Inventory Review (CMIR) which will review all of the patient's actual 
medication containers including prescription, OTC, herbals, and supplements. 
Prior to the visit, medication reconciliation (MedRec) will be performed by 
the resident pharmacist using only the patient, pharmacy, and doctor 
records. The patient will then be instructed to collect all medication 
containers from home and bring them to a CMIR interview at a later date. The 
CMIR, completed by the resident pharmacist, will be similar to the MedRec 
only it will include the review of actual medication containers. The 
medication lists obtained by MedRec and CMIR will be compared to identify 
discrepancies. A follow-up survey will assess patient perception of the CMIR 
service. Financial data will be collected to examine any changes in monthly 
medication costs to the payers and cost of program delivery. Numbers of 
potential ADRs, drug related problems identified, and drug interactions will 
be recorded.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medicine chest
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  case study
  diabetes mellitus
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  follow up
  glycemic control
  hospital department
  human
  interview
  medication therapy management
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  prescription
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 420
TITLE
  Evaluation of medication therapy management services for patients with 
cardiovascular disease
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wittayanukorn S.
  Westrick S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wittayanukorn S., szw0022@tigermail.auburn.edu; Westrick S.) Auburn 
University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Wittayanukorn, Auburn University, United States. Email: 
szw0022@tigermail.auburn.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2012) 52:2 (240). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Orleans, LA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-03-09 to 2012-03-12
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of 
medication therapy management (MTM) services among patients with 
cardiovascular diseases on clinical and economic outcomes from the 
self-insured employer perspective. The first objective is to evaluate the 
impact of MTM services on improving in clinical outcomes among patients with 
cardiovascular diseases. The second objective is to evaluate the impact of 
MTM services on economic outcomes among patients who received MTM services 
compared with those who received usual care. Methods: Study designs: this 
study consists of two retrospective cohort designs: a pre-post cohort study 
(objective 1: clinical outcomes) and a cohort with comparison groups study 
(objective 2: economic outcomes). Main outcome measures: (1) clinical 
outcomes: changes in blood pressure, lipid panel, body mass index, and 
drug-related problems, and (2) economic outcomes: changes in total health 
expenditure and cost saving. Participants and setting: beneficiaries who 
enrolled in Auburn University's health plan between January 2008 and June 
2011. They must be 19 years old or older and diagnosed with cardiovascular 
disease conditions. For the MTM group, they must receive at least one MTM 
encounter from Auburn University Pharmaceutical Care Center (AUPCC). The 
first MTM encounter will be assigned as the index date. Both groups (MTM and 
control) must obtain at least two prescriptions for cardiovascular disease 
condition to obtained baseline (the index date) and 6-month values.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  lipid
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cardiovascular disease
  human
  medication therapy management
  patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood pressure
  body mass
  cohort analysis
  cost control
  employer
  health
  health care cost
  pharmaceutical care
  prescription
  study design
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.12510
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 421
TITLE
  Preliminary work before a professional practice assessment in the French 
alcohol withdrawal hospital care. The difficulty of establishing a complete 
data collection record
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tritz T.
  Paradis M.
  Lecoeur A.
  Lebas-Certain M.
  Le Mercier F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tritz T.; Lecoeur A.; Lebas-Certain M.; Le Mercier F.) Pharmacie, 
Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
(Paradis M.) Equipe Mobile D'addictologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 
Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Tritz, Pharmacie, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (152-153). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction In France, there has been a regular decrease of the alcohol 
consumption over the last fifty years. Although this level has been halved, 
the french consumption is still the third one in Europe and stays a major 
public health problem. In order to harmonize practices of alcohol withdrawal 
during hospitalization, a consensus conference have been organized in Mars 
1999. Despite its usefulness, the consensus left many questions unanswered. 
Materials & Methods In order to run a professional practice assessment in 
our hospital, we decided to design a data collection record. The study took 
part in our internal medecine department during 2 months, from December to 
February 2011. To realize this preliminary work, several tasks needed to be 
done: • Creation, evaluation and optimization of the data collection record 
by using the consensus conference's recommendations • Redaction of a precise 
and reproductible methodology The collection record was made in 
collaboration with an addiction specialist doctor. The sections studied 
were: patient identification, history of addictive disorder, medication, 
therapeutic management and biological monitoring. The collections were made 
by a pharmaceutical team once the methodology explained. Results Twelve 
collections were completed by the pharmacy resident and 4 pharmacy students. 
Several findings were made with these first collections: • Most records were 
complete (8 over 12) • The lack of several fields regarding for example the 
social context or the co morbidities • The need of optimization of the 
sections “history of addictive disorder” (needed in 9 cases over 12) and 
“therapeutic management” (10 cases over 12) Discussions, Conclusion 
Following these findings, the record has been optimized and completed to 
improve the quality of the survey and the subsequent analysis. Details of 
the social context of the patient were necessary, having a direct link with 
the project support offered to the patient. The “history of addictive 
disorder” was remodeled in tabular form, allowing the record of previous 
attempts to quit, and the length of abstinence. The “therapeutic management” 
was also presented in tabular form in order to monitor dose adjustments, 
particularly the gradual dose's reduction of benzodiazepine used. The 
understanding and the feasibility of the survey were proved, most records 
being complete. Additional oral explanations of the record collection will 
be included to explain the methodology. The quality of the data collection 
record and the methodology is a very important step in the establishment of 
a professional practice assessment. The evaluation is planned for the second 
semester of 2011.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol withdrawal
  clinical pharmacy
  hospital care
  information processing
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  addiction
  alcohol consumption
  astronomy
  biological monitoring
  consensus
  diseases
  drug dose reduction
  drug therapy
  Europe
  France
  hospital
  hospitalization
  human
  medical specialist
  methodology
  morbidity
  patient
  patient identification
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  physician
  public health problem
  social environment
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 422
TITLE
  Community pharmacy practice in Pakistan: From past to present -A review
AUTHOR NAMES
  Javeed A.
  Mahmood K.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Javeed A., ayesha2022@gmail.com) Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.
(Mahmood K.T.) DTL, Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Javeed, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Email: ayesha2022@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (2012) 4:2 (1703-1708). Date 
of Publication: February 2012
ISSN
  0975-1459 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmainfo Publications, No.2,Plot No.18, Valmiki Street, Saligramam, India.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacy services in Pakistan have experienced both evolutionary and 
revolutionary changes since 1947. The pharmaceutical sector always remained 
regulated at different levels. The changes in legislation are also the 
contributing factor to uplifting of the pharmacy profession. The misuse and 
abuse of medicines remained a big issue at retail/ community level. Sale of 
medicines and this business remained in the hand of non qualified personnel 
for a long time. With time the pharmacists interest increased at community 
level and now the quality of services are improving but not up to the mark. 
While in comparison with the developed countries like U.K and U.S.A, where 
Community pharmacists are expanding patient care services and have enhanced 
their role as pharmaceutical care providers. The pharmacy profession in 
Pakistan is continuously evolving. The aim of this review is to explore 
history for evolutionary and revolutionary changes in community pharmacy 
practice in Pakistan and to highlight the current scenario in Pakistan. 
Pharmacists in Pakistan are concerned about their present professional role 
in the health care system. The healthcare services in community pharmacies, 
currently insignificant, must undergo reforms to meet the changing needs of 
modern medicines users. Although pharmacists' contributions to health care 
are not recognized yet, there is every reason to be optimistic toward making 
patient care in community pharmacy setting a success. For this, legislation 
must be reformed to give identity to the pharmacist and educational system 
for pharmacists has to be adapted.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Pakistan
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  commercial phenomena
  community
  drug abuse
  drug marketing
  drug misuse
  education
  health care policy
  health care quality
  health care system
  health service
  history
  law
  legal aspect
  patient care
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  review
  United Kingdom
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012110653
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 423
TITLE
  Nominative daily delivering: How can we improve this approach?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Skalli S.
  Dalzotto M.
  Cois M.
  Peix P.
  Lacombe A.
  Carouge P.
  Loureiro M.
  Guerin S.
  Aitichou M.
  Parat S.
  Thivolet C.
  Rioufol C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Skalli S.; Dalzotto M.; Cois M.; Aitichou M.; Parat S.; Rioufol C.) 
Département de Pharmacie Clinique et du Médicament, Lyon, France.
(Peix P.; Lacombe A.; Carouge P.; Loureiro M.; Guerin S.; Thivolet C.) 
Département d'Endocrinologie Nutrition, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Lyon, 
France.
(Rioufol C.) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EMR 3738, Lyon, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Skalli, Département de Pharmacie Clinique et du Médicament, Lyon, France.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (200). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Clinical pharmacy deployment involves drug supply chain safety 
from prescription to administration. One of the key steps of this process 
implies nominative daily delivery (NDD). However, this approach, supposed 
rational and easy, doesn't provide complete satisfaction. In fact, little is 
known about the current incidence of drugs related problems due to NDD. We 
aimed to describe main errors identified by Endocrinology healthcare team, 
which has since November 2010 a pharmacy staff including two pharmacy 
technicians, one resident and one senior pharmacist. Materials & Methods We 
designed a prospective observational study, during 6 months from January to 
June 2011, in 2 care units, conventional (21 beds) and weekly (16 beds) 
hospitalization, in Endocrinology department in University Teaching Hospital 
Lyon Sud, Lyon, France. Errors were reported by the medical team on the 
basis of prepared drugs versus prescribed ones (missed pills, excess dosing 
error, and drugs error). They were analyzed by the pharmacy team and 
classified into: possibly attributable to pharmacy team responsibility ones 
or none. Results Over the period of the study, 132 errors occurred and were 
reported by 15 nurses and distributed as follows: 90 reported in the 
conventional unit and 42 in the weekly hospitalization one. These errors 
affected mainly antihypertensives drugs (28.0%), central nervous system 
drugs (12.12%) and oral antidiabetics (11.3%). After analysis, 28.0% of the 
errors were explained and involved pharmacy team responsibility within 22.4% 
reported in conventional hospitalization and 35.71% in weekly 
hospitalization. These errors were mainly missed pills (66.6%). None of them 
had clinical significance or impact. Discussions, Conclusion This study 
highlights one of iatrogenic aspects of nominative daily distribution, and 
shows that the final check by the nursing team remains needed to address 
them. However, knowing error characteristics was helpful in designing 
initiatives to reduce them. We designed pharmacy technicians specialized in 
Endocrinology area allowing better prescriptions follows up from 
hospitalization to discharge and better knowledge of the specific 
requirements of medical team. We also double checked NDD once a week. 
Discussions are underway on a systematic pharmaceutical analysis and 
implementation of a plan drug preparation with clearer visibility.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antihypertensive agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  drug synthesis
  endocrinology
  France
  health care
  hospitalization
  human
  nurse
  nursing
  observational study
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy technician
  pill
  prescription
  responsibility
  safety
  satisfaction
  teaching hospital
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 424
TITLE
  Pharmacist interventions in geriatric unit in the context of an electronic 
prescribing
AUTHOR NAMES
  Raimbault M.
  Moal F.
  Clerc M.A.
  Beauchet O.
  Spiesser-Robelet L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Raimbault M.; Moal F.; Clerc M.A.; Spiesser-Robelet L.) Pharmacy, 
University Hospital Angers, Angers, France.
(Raimbault M.; Beauchet O.) Geriatric Unit, University Hospital Angers, 
Angers, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Raimbault, Pharmacy, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (194). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Background Pharmacist can have an essential role in improving 
drug use and preventing prescribing errors, especially when electronic 
prescribing seems to create new kinds of error. Objectives The aim of this 
study is to describe and evaluate drugs related problems (DRPs) in a first 
way and pharmacist interventions in the context of recent implementation of 
electronic prescribing in a second way. Materials & Methods: Design 3-month 
descriptive study between November 22, 2010 and February 22, 2011. Setting 
In a 26-bed geriatric unit of a 1300-bed university hospital. Pharmacy 
resident is present in the medical unit 5 half days a week. Main outcome 
measures Drug-related problems, patient's characteristics, number and type 
of pharmacist interventions, number of medication per patient, doctor's 
acceptance of the interventions, medicines concerned. Results Pharmacy 
resident identified 128 drug related problems for 79 different patients. A 
mean of 1.6 pharmaceutical interventions were made per patient. Patients 
were on average 87 years old [74-98] and had 11.1 different prescriptions 
when pharmaceutical intervention occurred. Most frequent drug-related 
problems underlying interventions were: untreated indication (20.3%), over 
dosage (17.2%), nonconformity to guidelines and contra-indication (11.7%), 
inappropriate drug administration such as tablets should not be crushed or 
intravenous to oral therapy (11.7%). Drug-drug interactions represented 7.8% 
of interventions. The 3 medicines most frequently concerned by DRPs were 
vitamin D, bis-phosphonates and anti vitamin K. Physician acceptance rate 
was 93.8%. Problems related to computerized physicians order entry (14%) 
appeared as a worrying phenomenon (error in selecting dosage or unit, 
duplication therapy for example). Discussions, Conclusion DRPs are common 
after implementation computerized physician order entry system. Health care 
professionals should be aware about electronic prescribing that can lead to 
new types of medication errors. The participation of clinical pharmacists in 
medical rounds may facilitate identification of DRPs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  vitamin
  vitamin D
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  electronic prescribing
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  computerized provider order entry
  drug administration
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  drug use
  health care personnel
  medication error
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  prescription
  tablet
  therapy
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 425
TITLE
  Patient safety in the medication of disabled persons in residential 
facilities
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pultz K.
  Rossing C.
  Beier P.P.
  Herborg H.
  Søndergaard B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pultz K.; Rossing C.; Herborg H.) Pharmakon, Danish College of Pharmacy 
Practice, Hilleroed, Denmark.
(Beier P.P.; Søndergaard B.) Association of Danish Pharmacies, Copenhagen, 
Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Pultz, Pharmakon, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice, Hilleroed, 
Denmark.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (201). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Persons with physical and mental disabilities in residential 
facilities often use many medicines and often experience a number of patient 
safety challenges related to their medication. It is a challenge that in 
many cases no health care professional is permanently present in the 
facilities. The aim of the project was to increase patient safety for people 
having a physical or mental disability and living in residential facilities. 
This was done by developing, testing, and evaluating an individual 
medication review and, when necessary, a multidisciplinary medical dialogue 
was suggested. A quality assurance service was also developed and evaluated. 
Materials & Methods Four residential facilities and four pharmacies were 
included and followed by community pharmacists for 6 months. The residents' 
GPs were informed about the project. The evaluation design was formative and 
focused on process measures to evaluate the feasibility of the 
interventions. The process measures were: Number and type of quality issues 
identified, number and type of quality improving recommendations, number of 
medication reviews, number of dialogues with the team of healthcare 
professionals, identified drug-related problems, suggested interventions, 
and implemented changes by GP. Results Four quality assurance services were 
delivered. The identified quality issues concerned: Ordering of medicines, 
receiving of medicines, dispensing of medicines, medicines administration, 
storage, discarding, registration of adverse drug events, and observation of 
residents and follow up on effect of change of medication. 16 quality 
improving actions were suggested for the identified issues. In the project 
period 5 of the suggested actions were implemented. 47 medication reviews 
were conducted, 66 drug-related problems identified and 36 interventions 
suggested. 52.8 % of the interventions were accepted by the GP, 8.3 % were 
rejected. In the rest of the cases the GP did not answer the approach. 
Discussions, Conclusion An individual medication review service and a 
quality assurance service were shown to be feasible in residential 
facilities for people with physical or mental disabilities. Both services 
were able to identify patient safety and quality issues respectively, and to 
recommend interventions to remedy the identified issues.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  disabled person
  drug therapy
  human
  patient safety
  residential home
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  community
  follow up
  health care personnel
  mental deficiency
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  quality control
  registration
  storage
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 426
TITLE
  Polymedication check-first experiences with a new reimbursed cognitive 
service
AUTHOR NAMES
  Messerli M.
  De Pretto D.
  Hersberger K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Messerli M.; De Pretto D.; Hersberger K.E.) Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
University Basel, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Basel, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Messerli, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Basel, Pharmaceutical 
Care Research Group, Basel, Switzerland.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (214-215). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Swiss community pharmacies can offer a 'Polymedication Check' 
(PMC) to patients on ≥4 prescribed drugs taken over ≥3 months. The check is 
focused on adherence problems, drug related problems (DRP) and the need for 
supply of prescribed drugs filled into a weekly pill organizer (WPO). This 
descriptive pilot study aimed at collecting first data shortly after 
implementation in order to design a comprehensive evaluation across 
Switzerland. Materials & Methods Pharmacies offering internships for 
pharmacy master students from the University of Basel provided copies of 
official PMC-protocols, patient's drug-history and data from a short 
telephone interview for standardized data collection. Additionally all 
documents were screened for missed counselling opportunities by two 
independent experts. Results Of 58 dossiers handed in, 53 were eligible, 3 
were insufficient, and 2 PMC were done in a hospital setting. Mean age of 
patients was 72 (±10.4) years, 64.2% were women. Patients were on 9.4 (±3.3) 
different drugs. Pharmacists recommended in 73.6% (n = 39) a WPO to be 
filled either by the patient himself or by the pharmacist as a continuous 
service. Out of them, 18 (46.2%) were already using a WPO and 10 [25.6%] 
newly started to use a WPO. In total, 106 counselling issues were addressed 
(2.0 per PMC) and in 16 cases [30.2%] pharmacists performed further 
investigations or contacted the physician. Post-hoc screening by experts 
revealed in 23 cases (43.4%) 1-2 missed opportunities for further 
counselling and in 13 cases even ≥3 were not addressed. Discussions, 
Conclusion Pharmacists mainly followed the primary intention of a PMC to 
screen for patients in need of a WPO, which frequently was in use already. 
Further investigation should focus on the need for more training with 
respect to different pharmaceutical care issues and explore acceptance and 
impact of WPO filled by pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  counseling
  female
  hospital
  human
  information processing
  patient
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  pill
  pilot study
  screening
  student
  Switzerland
  teleconsultation
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 427
TITLE
  Clinical pharmacology and pharmacy project in Cairo University Hospitals: 
One-year follow up
AUTHOR NAMES
  Saber-Ayad M.M.
  El-Demiry E.
  Ahmed D.
  El-Sayed E.
  Osman M.
  Zaki M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Saber-Ayad M.M.) Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, 
University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
(Saber-Ayad M.M.; Osman M.; Zaki M.) Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt.
(El-Demiry E.; Ahmed D.; El-Sayed E.) Critical Care, Cairo University, 
Cairo, Egypt.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.M. Saber-Ayad, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, 
University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (154). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction The role of the clinical pharmacist in Cairo University 
Hospitals has been reinforced through the project of Prescription Auditing 
started in 2008 by the Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Committee. The 
main objective of the project is short-term training of working 
pharmacists/clinical pharmacologists on prescription auditing using various 
tools of evidence-based Medicine (EBM). Having a two-year experience in 
dealing with drug related problems (DRPs) in Critical Care Department, we 
will present some of the remarkable interventions and interesting cases 
encountered during our work. Materials & Methods Data were collected from 
patients' medical files. The DRPs identified in drug chart were written in 
standardized auditing sheets. A number of EBM resources (e.g. BNF, 
Micromedex, Up-to-date,Cochrane) were used to identify DRPs. The notes taken 
by the team members were discussed instantaneously with the physicians. 
Frequently encountered and serious DRPs were also discussed at a higher 
level. Seminars and flyers helped at reinforcing some frequent errors, 
especially to the junior intensivists. Results Out of 1620 in-hospital drug 
charts revised in the initial phase, 82 charts showed at least one DRP 
(∼5%). DRPs were mostly in the form of drug-drug interaction. The positive 
impact of the project on improving clinical practice in critical care units 
has been noticed in some aspects of drug therapy. Compared to the early 
phases of the study, in 2011, digoxin dose adjustment in renal failure 
patient has been correctly done; patients presented with ischemic heart 
diseases and vulnerable to develop stress ulcer receive H2 blockers (instead 
of intravenous PPIs that was extensively used previously in ischemic 
patients). The latter modification has a great economic impact. Remarks and 
notes of the clinical pharmacists were helpful in a number of situations; 
e.g. modification of vancomycin and targocid dose in a renal failure 
patients, Failure of therapy was noticed in patients receiving certain 
brands of G-CSF. Those and other cases will be further discussed and 
compared with other studies1. Discussions, Conclusion Clinical Pharmacists 
and Pharmacologists can play a major and indispensible role in patient care 
through detecting and minimizing drug-related problems. The impact of 
prescription auditing is of a great value at the patient care level as well 
as at the economic level. Reinforcement of the practical recommendations 
through repeated seminars and discussions are important to get the optimal 
results.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  digoxin
  granulocyte colony stimulating factor
  teicoplanin
  vancomycin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  clinical pharmacy
  follow up
  pharmacy
  university hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cerebrospinal fluid
  clinical practice
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  evidence based medicine
  hospital
  hospital patient
  human
  intensive care
  ischemic heart disease
  kidney failure
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacology
  physician
  prescription
  reinforcement
  stress ulcer
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 428
TITLE
  DOCUMENT: A system for classifying drug-related problems in community 
pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Williams M.
  Peterson G.M.
  Tenni P.C.
  Bindoff I.K.
  Stafford A.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Williams M., Mackenzie.Williams@utas.edu.au; Peterson G.M.; Tenni P.C.; 
Bindoff I.K.; Stafford A.C.) School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, 
Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Williams, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, 
Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. Email: Mackenzie.Williams@utas.edu.au
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (43-52). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Background Drug-related problems (DRPs) are a major burden on the Australian 
healthcare system. Community pharmacists are in an ideal position to detect, 
prevent, and resolve these DRPs. Objective To develop and validate an 
easy-to-use documentation system for pharmacists to classify and record 
DRPs, and to investigate the nature and frequency of clinical interventions 
undertaken by Australian community pharmacists to prevent or resolve them. 
Setting Australian community pharmacies. Method The DOCUMENT classification 
system was developed, validated and refined during two pilot studies. The 
system was then incorporated into software installed in 185 Australian 
pharmacies to record DRPs and clinical interventions undertaken by 
pharmacists during a 12-week trial. Main outcome measure The number and 
nature of DRPs detected within Australian community pharmacies. Results A 
total of 5,948 DRPs and clinical interventions were documented from 
2,013,923 prescriptions dispensed during the trial (intervention frequency 
0.3%). Interventions were commonly related to Drug selection problems 
(30.7%) or Educational issues (23.7%). Pharmacists made an average of 1.6 
recommendations per intervention, commonly relating to A change in therapy 
(40.1%) and Provision of information (34.7%). Almost half of interventions 
(42.6%) were classified by recording pharmacists as being at a higher level 
of clinical significance. Conclusion The DOCUMENT system provided 
pharmacists with a useful and easy-to-use tool for recording DRPs and 
clinical interventions. Results from the trial have provided a better 
understanding of the frequency and nature of clinical interventions 
performed in Australian community pharmacies, and lead to a national 
implementation of the system. © 2011 CARS.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community care
  disease classification
  drug induced disease
  medical documentation
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Australia
  coding
  health care system
  human
  patient referral
  pharmacist
  prescription
  priority journal
  statistical analysis
  validation study
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012369900
MEDLINE PMID
  22101425 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101425)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9583-1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 429
TITLE
  Developing pharmaceutical care in Bosnia and Hercegovina
AUTHOR NAMES
  Obarcanin E.
  Binakaj Z.
  Mehic B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Obarcanin E.; Binakaj Z.) Pharmacist Chamber, Sarajevo, Bosnia and 
Herzegovina.
(Mehic B.) Faculty of Medicine, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Obarcanin, Pharmacist Chamber, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (193). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction The war in Bosnia had a tremendous impact on healthcare. 
Initiatives implemented in European Union are still delayed, individual 
patient care and outcomes remain secondary focus. Awareness of clinical 
pharmacy has improved more recently with its introduction into pharmacy 
studies curriculum. There have been some government initiatives to improve 
pharmacy services quality, however a focus on logistics and traditional drug 
dispensing prevails. Materials & Methods In order to assess the quality of 
pharmaceutical care and clinical pharmacy services we interviewed hospital 
and community pharmacists and asked questions related to the pharmaceutical 
care process and barriers to its implementation. Evaluations have shown that 
pharmacist in BiH have a thorough understanding of the concept however in 
practice the focus is still on “traditional roles”. Pharmaceutical care and 
co-operation of pharmacists with healthcare professionals and patients need 
to be improved. Lack of time, a difficult political /economic situation and 
a shortage of initiatives at the governmental level are mentioned as major 
obstacles to more thorough patient care. Results Based on the interview 
evaluations, the pharmacist chamber initiated the creation of a “working 
group”. A team of national experts should help integrate pharmaceutical care 
into health care services, and together with Ministry of Health and 
Government help create a legal basis for the implementation. Integration 
initiatives may include e.g. specific disease oriented programs, electronic 
documentation of drug related problems, inclusion of clinical pharmacists in 
ward rounds etc. A new program for pharmaceutical care education is being 
considered by the chamber. These initiatives from Bosnia have also been 
presented to the neighbouring country Montenegro with the objective to 
establish regional cooperation. Discussions, Conclusion Pharmaceutical care 
and clinical pharmacy services have been identified as areas for improvement 
in Bosnia. Pharmacists understand the pharmaceutical care concept, however 
changes to institutional practice and legislation are challenging due to an 
established mindset and a complex political and economic situation.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  curriculum
  documentation
  education
  European Union
  government
  health
  health care
  health care personnel
  health service
  hospital
  hospital department
  human
  institutional care
  interview
  law
  Montenegro (republic)
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  war
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 430
TITLE
  To identify the pharmaceutical care requirements of diabetic patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Demircioʇlu C.
  Sancar M.
  Izzettin F.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Demircioʇlu C.; Sancar M.; Izzettin F.V.) Clinical Pharmacy, Marmara Univ., 
Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Demircioʇlu, Clinical Pharmacy, Marmara Univ., Faculty of Pharmacy, 
Istanbul, Turkey.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (207). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction The objective of our study was to identify the pharmaceutical 
care requirements of diabetic patients, determine their medications and the 
role of the pharmacist in terms of patient training and contribution to 
treatment based on the results to be obtained. Materials & Methods The study 
was conducted on 100 diabetic patients visiting to the community pharmacy in 
Mersin, Camliyayla, based on a patient profile. The following parameters 
were evaluated: demographic data, lifestyle, history of family, compliance, 
body mass index, diet and exercise status, other chronic diseases and drugs, 
self blood glucose monitoring, frequency of doctor visits. Results 58% of 
the patients were females with the average age of 57, 52 ± 0.70. 46% of them 
were overweight, 42% were obese and 12% were normal and 60% of them stated 
that they were on diet and 50% of them were doing exercises. 45% of the 
patients had a diabetes history in their families, 2% were using alcohol and 
6% of them were smoking. 52% of the patients stated that they were measuring 
their blood glucose levels at home and 10% of them stated that they had 
HbA1c measurement performed. 50% of the patients were checked by a physician 
quarterly. 36% of the patients had one, 14% had three and 2% had five 
chronic diseases accompanying diabetes. 36% of the patients were treated 
with single diabetes drug, 14% with three, 4% with four and 2% with five 
diabetes drugs. The following problems were observed upon evaluation of the 
pharmaceutical care requirements of the patients: anorexia (12%), nausea 
(8%), pain in insulin injection area (10%), pyrosis (16%), headache (6%). 
40% of the patients had visual orders, 82% had pains, 16% had sleep 
disorders, 30% had erectile disfunction and 8% of them had lesion problems 
on foot and only 36% of them had foot care on a monthly basis. Upon 
evaluation of the findings, the number of patients who had HbA1c measurement 
performed was found to be quite low. The educational background was also 
found to be very low in this study (average education period 5.92 years). 
Discussions, Conclusion Keeping of patients records by the pharmacist, 
having knowledge about the patients, patient education and monitoring are of 
critical importance. We believe education to be provided by the pharmacist 
to the patients will facilitate adaptation of the patients to the treatment 
and thus the treatment will generate more successful results. The 
pharmacists who will educate the diabetic patients has to be enough 
information and clinical practice about diabetes.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  hemoglobin A1c
  insulin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  diabetic patient
  human
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptation
  anorexia
  blood glucose monitoring
  body mass
  chronic disease
  clinical practice
  community
  compliance (physical)
  diabetes mellitus
  diet
  drug therapy
  education
  exercise
  female
  foot care
  glucose blood level
  headache
  heartburn
  injection
  lifestyle
  monitoring
  nausea
  obesity
  pain
  parameters
  patient
  patient education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  sleep disorder
  smoking
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 431
TITLE
  The impact of pharmacists interventions and the attitudes of other health 
care providers at Landspitali
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gudmundsdottir T.K.
  Josteinsdottir O.A.
  Gunnarsdottir A.I.
  Gunnthorsdottir I.
  Almarsdottir A.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gudmundsdottir T.K.; Gunnarsdottir A.I.; Gunnthorsdottir I.) Pharmacy, 
Landspitali - National Univ., Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Ireland.
(Josteinsdottir O.A.; Almarsdottir A.B.) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Ireland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.K. Gudmundsdottir, Pharmacy, Landspitali - National Univ., Hospital of 
Iceland, Reykjavik, Ireland.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2012) 34:1 (199-200). Date of 
Publication: February 2012
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP 40th International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy. Clinical Pharmacy: 
Connecting Care and Outcomes
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-19 to 2011-10-21
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Clinical pharmacy services in Iceland are provided by 
pharmacists at Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland 
(LSH). Three pharmacists provide clinical pharmacy services for in-patients 
at the hospital. Documentation and evaluation of clinical and economic 
impact of the services is necessary to study existing services and provide 
indications of their returns. Materials & Methods The main objective were to 
redesign and test a documentation system for pharmacists interventions at 
LSH, and to evaluate clinical and economic impact of the interventions. A 
further objective was to establish attitudes to clinical pharmacy services 
provided by pharmacists at LSH. The documentation system was redesigned 
using an older form as a base. Three pharmacists documented and classified 
patient care details from four in-patient wards. Drug therapy problems were 
classified according to Cipolle et. al, medication errors were classified 
according to Tam et al and other problems were classified according to Blix 
et al combined with in-house classification. The pharmacists assessed the 
clinical importance of the interventions according to Overhage & Lukes and 
combined according to Bosma et. al. The researcher assessed economic impact. 
The attitudes of nurses, senior house officers and consultants were assessed 
using focus group interviews. Results In a four week period, 185 
interventions were documented for 78 patients. The majority of interventions 
(83%), were at the initiative of pharmacists and accepted (80%) by 
physicians. The most common drug therapy problem identified was “needs 
additional drug therapy” (13%). The most common medication error was 
omission (17%). Patient care discussion (16%) was the most common patient 
care detail documented as other problems. Interventions were significant in 
64.5% of cases and extremely or very significant in 13.1% of cases. 
Calculations of the direct medical cost showed savings, although not very 
significant. The attitudes of nurses and senior house officers to 
pharmacists is generally more positive than those of consultants. Focus 
group participants consider that clinical activities of pharmacists in 
hospital departments do have an increasing impact, or could have, on the 
quality of services and could support savings, when considering the whole 
picture. Discussions, Conclusion Pharmacists document both clinical and 
economic significant interventions when providing clinical pharmacy services 
at LSH. The economic assessment is only an indication of savings, so further 
economic assessment is worthwhile. It is important to recognize the 
attitudes and beliefs of other health care providers, for further 
development of clinical pharmacy services at LSH.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  health care personnel
  human
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  classification
  consultation
  documentation
  drug therapy
  hospital
  hospital department
  hospital patient
  Iceland
  information processing
  interview
  medication error
  nurse
  patient
  patient care
  physician
  scientist
  university hospital
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9602-2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 432
TITLE
  Medication therapy management services provided by student pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hata M.
  Klotz R.
  Sylvies R.
  Hess K.
  Schwartzman E.
  Scott J.
  Law A.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hata M.) College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 
Pomona, California, USA.
(Klotz R.; Sylvies R.; Hess K.; Schwartzman E.; Scott J.; Law A.V.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Hata,
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2012) 76:3. Date of 
Publication: 10 Apr 2012
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To evaluate the impact of student pharmacists delivering medication therapy 
management (MTM) services during an elective advanced pharmacy practice 
experience (APPE). Student pharmacists provided MTM services at community 
pharmacy APPE sites, documented their recommendations, and then made 
follow-up telephone calls to patients to determine the impact of the MTM 
provided. Students were surveyed about the MTM experience. Forty-seven 
students provided MTM services to 509 patients over 2 years and identified 
704 drug-related problems (average of 1.4 problems per patient). About 53% 
of patients relayed the recommendations to their physician and 205 (75%) 
physicians accepted the recommendations. Eighty-eight percent of patients 
reported feeling better about their medications after receiving MTM 
services. A majority of the students perceived their provision of MTM 
services as valuable to their patients. Providing MTM services to patients 
in a pharmacy practice setting allowed student pharmacists to apply skills 
learned in the doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  medication therapy management
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  problem based learning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  advanced pharmacy practice experience
  article
  attitude to health
  clinical competence
  curriculum
  doctor of pharmacy program
  evaluation study
  experiential education
  human
  human relation
  methodology
  patient satisfaction
  program evaluation
  questionnaire
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22544968 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544968)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 433
TITLE
  Attitudes of matriculating first-year pharmacy students toward a mandatory, 
random drug-screening program.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Oliver M.
  Cates M.E.
  Hogue M.D.
  Alverson S.P.
  Woolley T.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Oliver M.) McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore 
Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA.
(Cates M.E.; Hogue M.D.; Alverson S.P.; Woolley T.W.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Oliver,
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2012) 76:9. Date of 
Publication: 12 Nov 2012
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To determine the attitudes of incoming pharmacy students toward a mandatory, 
random urine drug-screening program. This was an anonymous, voluntary survey 
of students at the McWhorter School of Pharmacy (MSOP) using an instrument 
composed of 40 items. The instrument was administered during orientation 
week prior to the session during which the policies and procedures of MSOP's 
drug-screening program were to be discussed. The survey instrument was 
completed by all 129 (100%) students in the class. Two-thirds of the 
students were aware of MSOP's drug-screening program prior to applying, but 
only a few felt uneasy about applying to the school because of the program. 
The greatest concerns expressed by the students included what would happen 
if a student unintentionally missed a drug screen or was busy with other 
matters when called for screening, how much time a drug-screening would 
take, and the possibility of false-positive drug screen results. The vast 
majority of students agreed with statements regarding the potential benefits 
of drug testing. Students who consumed alcohol in a typical week and those 
with current or past use of an illegal substance held less favorable 
attitudes toward MSOP's mandatory drug-screening program compared with 
students who did not share those characteristics. Although there were 
definite concerns expressed regarding pragmatic issues surrounding drug 
screening, the first-year pharmacy students held generally favorable 
opinions about the school's mandatory drug-screening program.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (diagnosis)
  health personnel attitude
  pharmacy student
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitudes
  education
  female
  human
  illicit drug testing
  information processing
  male
  mandatory testing
  methodology
  Pharmacy students
  psychological aspect
  school
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23193335 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23193335)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 434
TITLE
  Pharmacogenetics of naltrexone in Asian Americans: A randomized 
placebo-controlled laboratory study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ray L.A.
  Bujarski S.
  Chin P.F.
  Miotto K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ray L.A., lararay@psych.ucla.edu; Bujarski S.; Chin P.F.) Department of 
Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz 
Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States.
(Ray L.A., lararay@psych.ucla.edu; Miotto K.) Department of Psychiatry and 
Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
CA, United States.
(Ray L.A., lararay@psych.ucla.edu) Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, 
CA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.A. Ray, Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 
Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States. 
Email: lararay@psych.ucla.edu
SOURCE
  Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37:2 (445-455). Date of Publication: January 
2012
ISSN
  0893-133X
  1740-634X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Nature Publishing Group, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Recent clinical and laboratory studies have shown that the effects of 
naltrexone for alcoholism may be moderated by the Asn40Asp single-nucleotide 
polymorphism (SNP) of the-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). Allele frequencies 
for this polymorphism, however, have been shown to vary substantially as a 
function of ethnic background, such that individuals of Asian descent are 
more likely to carry the minor (Asp40) allele. The objective of this study 
is to test the naltrexone pharmacogenetic effects of the Asn40Asp SNP in a 
sample of Asian Americans. This study consists of a double-blinded, 
randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory trial of naltrexone. Participants 
(n35, 10 females; 13 Asn40Asn and 22 Asp40 carriers) were 
non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers recruited from the community. After 
taking naltrexone or placebo, participants completed an intravenous alcohol 
administration session. The primary outcome measures were subjective 
intoxication and alcohol craving. Results suggested that Asp40 carriers 
experienced greater alcohol-induced sedation, subjective intoxication, and 
lower alcohol craving on naltrexone, as compared to placebo, and to Asn40 
homozygotes. There results were maintained when controlling for ALDH2 
(rs671) and ADH1B (rs1229984) markers and when examining the three levels of 
OPRM1 genotype, thereby supporting an OPRM1 gene dose response. These 
findings provide a much-needed extension of previous studies of naltrexone 
pharmacogenetics to individuals of Asian descent, an ethnic group more 
likely to express the minor allele putatively associated with improved 
biobehavioral and clinical response to this medication. These findings help 
further delineate the biobehavioral mechanisms of naltrexone and its 
pharmacogenetics. © 2012 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  mu opiate receptor (endogenous compound)
  naltrexone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  alcohol dehydrogenase (endogenous compound)
  alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (endogenous compound)
  aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 (endogenous compound)
  asparagine (endogenous compound)
  aspartic acid (endogenous compound)
  corticotropin (endogenous compound)
  hydrocortisone (endogenous compound)
  placebo
  riboflavin
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  Asian American
  single nucleotide polymorphism
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcohol intoxication
  alcohol withdrawal
  article
  clinical article
  controlled study
  corticotropin blood level
  double blind procedure
  drug efficacy
  female
  gene dosage
  gene frequency
  genotype
  help seeking behavior
  homozygote
  human
  hydrocortisone blood level
  male
  patient compliance
  pharmacogenetics
  priority journal
  randomized controlled trial
  sedation
  sleep disorder (side effect)
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  alcohol dehydrogenase (9031-72-5)
  asparagine (70-47-3, 7006-34-0)
  aspartic acid (56-84-8, 6899-03-2)
  corticotropin (11136-52-0, 9002-60-2, 9061-27-2)
  hydrocortisone (50-23-7)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  riboflavin (83-88-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Human Genetics (22)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012045173
MEDLINE PMID
  21900886 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900886)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.192
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 435
TITLE
  Smoking among undergraduate students in the area of health
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Tabagismo entre acadêmicos da área de saúde
AUTHOR NAMES
  Granville-Garcia A.F.
  Sarmento D.J.S.
  Santos J.A.
  Pinto T.A.
  de Sousa R.V.
  Cavalcanti A.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Granville-Garcia A.F., anaflaviagg@hotmail.com; Sarmento D.J.S.; Santos 
J.A.; Pinto T.A.; de Sousa R.V.; Cavalcanti A.L.) Departamento de 
odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), Rua Capitão João Alves 
de Lira 1325/410, Bela Vista. 58.428-800 Campina Grande Paraíba, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. F. Granville-Garcia, Departamento de odontologia, Universidade Estadual 
da Paraíba (UEPB), Rua Capitão João Alves de Lira 1325/410, Bela Vista. 
58.428-800 Campina Grande Paraíba, Brazil. Email: anaflaviagg@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Ciencia e Saude Coletiva (2012) 17:2 (389-396). Date of Publication: 
January/February 2012
ISSN
  1413-8123
  1678-4561 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Associacao Brasileira de Pos, Av. Brasil, 4036-sala 700 Manguinhos, Rio de 
Janeiro, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and 
socio-demographic and behavioral factors among undergraduate students in the 
area of health at the State University of Paraíba, Brazil. An analytical 
crosssectional study was conducted with a representative sample from each of 
the following courses: Dentistry, Nursing, Psychology, Pharmacy, Physical 
Therapy and Physical Education. A total of 492 students were interviewed 
using a structured questionnaire. The chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests 
were used for statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. Smoking 
prevalence was 5.7% and stress was the main reason for starting the habit 
(36.8%). In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the variables 
of gender, religious persuasion, semester attended in the course, and 
alcohol consumption were significantly associated with smoking (p<0.05). 
Although other studies reported a strong relationship between university 
students and smoking, the prevalence of smokers was low. Most of the 
variables studied revealed a correlation with smoking. Since smoking and 
alcohol consumption are the two major human addictions, this study suggests 
a bidirectional relationship between these variables.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  smoking (epidemiology)
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  Brazil
  cross-sectional study
  female
  human
  male
  medical profession
  middle aged
  questionnaire
  socioeconomics
  statistics
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Portuguese
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Portuguese
MEDLINE PMID
  22267034 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267034)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012000200013
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 436
TITLE
  Variable influence of the degree of smoking dependence on adult attention 
deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iraqi medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ashor A.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ashor A.W., ammar_w_78@yahoo.com) Department of Pharmacology, College of 
Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, PO Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. W. Ashor, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, 
Al-Mustansiriya University, PO Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq. Email: 
ammar_w_78@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Neurosciences (2012) 17:3 (241-247). Date of Publication: July 2012
ISSN
  1319-6138
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To demonstrate the differences in the patterns of adult attention 
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among non, light, and heavy 
smokers. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 400 medical students 
(representing first to sixth year students) was conducted in the Department 
of Pharmacology, University of Al-Mustansiriya, Baghdad, Iraq from March to 
June 2011. The medical students completed a questionnaire containing the 
adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-screener) and the Fagerström Test for 
Nicotine Dependence (FTND). An ADHD score ≥14 was considered positive. An 
FTND score ≥6 signifies heavy smokers, and an FTND score ≤5 signifies light 
smokers. Results: Three hundred and sixty-one medical students completed the 
questionnaire, 16.6% reported ADHD symptoms (19.8% male, 12.1% females). 
Forty-five percent of ADHD adults were smokers; more than half of them were 
categorized as heavy smokers (51.8%). In comparison with non-smokers, heavy 
smokers displayed significant deterioration in their inattentive and total 
ASRS score (p=0.0001). Light smokers show significantly higher hyperactive 
symptoms in comparison with nonsmokers (p=0.041). A high FTND score was 
associated with severer deterioration in inattentive (r=0.391, p=0.001) but 
not hyperactive symptoms (r=0.153, p=0.117). Conclusions: The ADHD symptoms 
are highly prevalent among Iraqi medical students, and smoking among ADHD 
students is higher and heavier than non-ADHD controls. Heavy smoking tends 
to deteriorate rather than ameliorate (self-medicate) ADHD symptoms.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attention deficit disorder
  medical student
  smoking
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self Report Scale
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  deterioration
  disease association
  Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence
  female
  human
  Iraqi
  male
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  scoring system
  sex difference
  smoking habit
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Arabic
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2014594992
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 437
TITLE
  Alcohol attitudes and behaviors among faculty at U.S. schools and colleges 
of pharmacy
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Actitudes y comportamientos sobre el alcohol entre académicos de las 
escuelas y facultades de farmacia en estados unidos
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schlesselman L.S.
  Nobre C.
  English C.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schlesselman L.S.) Office of Assessment and Accreditation, School of 
Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
(Nobre C.) School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United 
States.
(English C.D.) Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, 
VT, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. S. Schlesselman, Office of Assessment and Accreditation, School of 
Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Practice (2011) 9:4 (236-241). Date of Publication: 2011
ISSN
  1886-3655 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica, Campus de la Cartuja, 
Granada, Spain.
ABSTRACT
  Despite attempts to control college-aged drinking, binge and underage 
drinking continues at colleges and universities. Although often 
underutilized, faculty have the potential to influence students' behaviors 
and attitudes towards drinking. Little information is available pertaining 
to college faculty drinking patterns, views on drinking, or their influence 
on college drinking. What little information is available predates the 
economic crisis, mandates for increased alcohol education, and the American 
Pharmacists Association's call for increased alcohol awareness in 
pharmacists. Objectives: This study was designed to determine alcohol use 
patterns and viewpoints among faculty at U.S. colleges of pharmacy, in 
particular, to identify alcohol practices among faculty, use of alcohol with 
their students, mentioning alcohol in classroom as a social norm, and 
perceived drinking norms within their colleagues. Methods: Following 
Institution Review Board approval, 2809 invitations were emailed to U.S. 
pharmacy faculty for this survey-based study. The survey consisted of 
demographic questions, the World Health Organization Alcohol Use Disorders 
Identification Test (AUDIT), and questions pertaining to personal and 
institution attitudes on drinking and on drinking with students. Results: 
More than 96% of 753 respondents had a total AUDIT score <8. Males and 
preceptors were more likely to have higher AUDIT scores. More than 75% of 
faculty reported never drinking with students. Conclusion: In order to help 
pharmacy students address the extent of their alcohol use and misuse, 
pharmacy faculty must address their own use, along with their own and their 
institutions attitudes and behaviors towards alcohol use.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol consumption
  attitude
  drinking behavior
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  demography
  education
  faculty practice
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical school
  scoring system
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Spanish
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011694449
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 438
TITLE
  Science of safety topic coverage in experiential education in US and Taiwan 
colleges and schools of pharmacy.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tang D.H.
  Warholak T.L.
  Slack M.K.
  Malone D.C.
  Gau C.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tang D.H.) Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, The University of 
Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N. Martin, PO Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 
85721, USA.
(Warholak T.L.; Slack M.K.; Malone D.C.; Gau C.S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.H. Tang, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, The University of 
Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N. Martin, PO Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 
85721, USA. Email: dtang@pharmacy.arizona.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2011) 75:10 (202). Date of 
Publication: 15 Dec 2011
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To compare the science of safety (SoS) topic coverage and associated student 
competencies in the experiential education curricula of colleges and schools 
of pharmacy in the United States and Taiwan. The experiential education 
director, assistant director, or coordinator at a random sample of 34 US 
colleges and schools of pharmacy and all 7 Taiwan schools of pharmacy were 
interviewed and then asked to complete an Internet-based survey instrument. 
Faculty members in both countries perceived that experiential curricula were 
focused on the postmarketing phase of the SoS, and that there is a need for 
the pharmacy experiential curricula to be standardized in order to fill SoS 
coverage gaps. Inter-country differences in experiential SoS coverage were 
noted in topics included for safety biomarkers that signal potential for 
drug-induced problems and pharmacogenomics. Experiential SoS topic coverage 
and student ability gaps were perceived within and between US and Taiwan 
colleges and schools of pharmacy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude to health
  drug therapy (adverse drug reaction)
  education
  perception
  problem based learning
  product safety
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical trial
  comparative study
  curriculum
  drug surveillance program
  human
  Internet
  methodology
  multicenter study
  professional competence
  questionnaire
  risk assessment
  Taiwan
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22345721 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22345721)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7510202
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 439
TITLE
  Methylphenidate enhances executive function while optimizing prefrontal 
error-related processing in both health and cocaine addiction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Moeller S.J.
  Woicik P.A.
  Tomasi D.
  Volkow N.D.
  Goldstein R.Z.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Moeller S.J.; Woicik P.A.; Tomasi D.; Volkow N.D.; Goldstein R.Z.) 
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.J. Moeller, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United States.
SOURCE
  Neuropsychopharmacology (2011) 36 SUPPL. 1 (S286). Date of Publication: 
December 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  50th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, ACNP
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Waikoloa, HI, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-12-04 to 2011-12-08
ISSN
  0893-133X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Nature Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
  Background: Error monitoring is a core executive function that allows for 
successful identification and correction of discrepancies between an 
intended and executed response. Previous studies that investigated genetic 
variation [e.g., polymorphisms of catechol- O-methyl transferase (COMT), 
dopamine D2 receptor] or relevant disease states (e.g., Parkinson's disease, 
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, drug addiction) have suggested 
dopamine to be involved in error monitoring/processing, possibly through 
impact on reinforcement learning. Nevertheless, pharmacological studies that 
can manipulate dopaminergic functioning are needed to appropriately 
characterize the neurochemistry underlying error monitoring. The current 
study tested whether methylphenidate (MPH), an indirect dopamine and 
norepinephrine agonist (that acts by blocking both respective transporters), 
modulates brain and behavioral responses to error. To further explore the 
effects of MPH on error-related processing vis-À-vis dopamine, we also 
included individuals addicted to cocaine, a population characterized by 
drug-mediated decreases in dopamine receptor availability and release, and 
functional impairments in prefrontal cortical areas innervated by dopamine. 
Methods: After receiving oral MPH (20 mg) or placebo (counterbalanced across 
subjects), 17 healthy and 17 cocaine addicted individuals completed a 
classical executive function task (the color word Stroop) during 
event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. All trials during which 
an error occurred were modeled against an active baseline (all correct 
congruent trials) using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Behavioral measures 
of task performance (total errors and post-error slowing, the latter being 
an adaptive, corrective response following an error that is thought to 
enable more controlled responding to prevent future errors) were also 
collected. Results: MPH improved task-related performance in all subjects 
[fewer errors: F(1,32)=8.4, p<0.01; and increased post-error slowing: 
F(1,32)=6.0, p<0.05]. In parallel, during MPH all subjects showed reduced 
dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) response to error (Z=3.6, p<0.05 
cluster-level corrected, small volume correction), a region classically 
implicated in performance/ error monitoring. In the cocaine subjects, MPH 
also reduced activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a 
region implicated in the implementation of cognitive control, to a level 
where it no longer differed from the healthy individuals (medication × group 
interaction: Z>3.1, p<0.05 cluster-level corrected, small volume 
correction). Finally, across medication conditions and compared with 
controls, the cocaine subjects showed more error-related response in the 
cerebellum (group effect: Z=3.7, p<0.01 cluster-level corrected). 
Discussion: An indirect dopamine/norepinephrine agonist (MPH) improved 
executive function in health and in cocaine addiction, paralleled by both 
common and unique underlying neural responses to error between the groups. 
The reduced error-related dACC activation in all subjects suggests more 
efficient errorrelated processing during MPH. This result is consistent with 
studies examining genetic variation in the COMT genotype, where individuals 
with the Val/Val genotype (associated with reduced extracellular dopamine in 
the prefrontal cortex) showed less efficient cognitive functioning (greater 
fMRI response in the ACC) than those with the Met/Met genotype during a 
working memory task. In contrast, MPH reduced DLPFC activation uniquely in 
the addicted subjects, possibly pointing to differential implementation of 
cognitive control (as there were indeed differences in DLPFC function 
between the groups during placebo). The cerebellar hyperactivity in the 
addicted individuals possibly reflects compensatory mechanisms that are 
needed (even with MPH) to achieve comparable task performance. Taken 
together, these pharmacological fMRI results point to the brain regions that 
could become potential therapeutic targets in future longitudinal 
intervention studies, such that the supervised and controlled administration 
of oral MPH could be used to improve cognitive function and optimize brain 
response to error.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methylphenidate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  catechol methyltransferase
  cocaine
  dopamine
  dopamine receptor
  noradrenalin
  placebo
  receptor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine dependence
  college
  executive function
  health
  processing
  psychopharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agonist
  anterior cingulate
  behavior
  brain
  brain region
  cerebellum
  cognition
  color
  drug dependence
  drug therapy
  functional disease
  functional magnetic resonance imaging
  genetic variability
  genotype
  group dynamics
  hyperactivity
  intervention study
  learning
  monitoring
  nerve potential
  neurochemistry
  Parkinson disease
  population
  prefrontal cortex
  reinforcement
  task performance
  working memory
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.292
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 440
TITLE
  Pharmacy student's approach on dope prevention education
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kato H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kato H., hi_royuki2002@yahoo.co.jp) School of Pharmacy, Kitasato 
University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Kato, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, 
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan. Email: hi_royuki2002@yahoo.co.jp
SOURCE
  Yakugaku Zasshi (2011) 131:12 (1757-1760). Date of Publication: 20111201
ISSN
  0031-6903
  1347-5231 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 
Japan.
ABSTRACT
  Recently, the sports pharmacist system was established and, a great deal of 
attention has been paid by students. However, the learning opportunity of 
anti doping education at the university is still rare. There is some 
experience of dope test staff's chaperon in an anti doping activity as a 
student. Through the experience of the chaperon, we can learn about a chain 
of flows of the doping inspection, characteristics of the sports games, and 
the desire of the player who cannot learn by the seat studies. I will 
describe the impression of the experience of the chaperon, the meaning, 
utility, and the view of the future. © 2011 The Pharmaceutical Society of 
Japan.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  doping
  education
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  athlete
  human
  pharmacist
  sport
  staff
  university
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011666580
MEDLINE PMID
  22129873 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129873)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 441
TITLE
  Deficits in ventral prefrontal cortex group1 metabotropic glutamate receptor 
function mediate resistance to extinction during protracted withdrawal from 
an extensive history of cocaine self-administration
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ben-Shahar O.
  Sacramento A.D.
  Miller B.W.
  Webb S.M.
  Wroten M.
  Caruana A.L.
  Gordon E.
  Ploense K.L.
  Ditzhazy J.
  Kippin T.E.
  Szumlinski K.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ben-Shahar O.; Sacramento A.D.; Miller B.W.; Webb S.M.; Wroten M.; Caruana 
A.L.; Gordon E.; Ploense K.L.; Ditzhazy J.; Kippin T.E.; Szumlinski K.K.) 
University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.K. Szumlinski, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Neuropsychopharmacology (2011) 36 SUPPL. 1 (S192). Date of Publication: 
December 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  50th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, ACNP
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Waikoloa, HI, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-12-04 to 2011-12-08
ISSN
  0893-133X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Nature Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
  Background: Anomalies in excitatory transmission with prefrontal cortex 
(PFC) are theorized to contribute to poor inhibitory control over behavior, 
behavioral inflexibility, as well as drug craving, in addiction. The 
molecular mechanisms underpinning drug-induced PFC dysfunction are largely 
unknown. As Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are critical 
for drug reinforcement/reward, as well as drug-related learning, we examined 
for changes in the expression of mGluR1/5 within PFC subregions produced 
during protracted withdrawal from an extensive history of cocaine 
self-administration and then tested the functional relevance of observed 
changes for cocaine craving and extinction learning using behavioral 
pharmacological approaches. Methods: Immunoblotting was conducted on ventral 
PFC (vPFC) and dorsal PFC (dPFC) tissue derived from rats trained to 
self-administer cocaine (0.25 mg/infusion) during 10 daily 6-hr sessions 
that were subjected to a 2-hr test for cue-reinforced behavior, in the 
absence of any further cocaine/saline delivery, at either 3 or 30 days 
withdrawal. Control animals received daily 1-hr or 6-hr training to 
lever-press for saline, and were sacrificed also following cue testing. 
Follow-up behavioral studies examined the effects of intra-PFC infusions of 
mGluR5 antagonists (3 mg/side MPEP and MTEP), mGluR1 antagonist (15 ng/side 
JNJ 16259685) or an mGluR1/5 agonist (27.5 ng/side DHPG) on cue-reinforced 
behavior and on the extinction of behavior with subsequent testing. Results: 
Animals with a history of cocaine self-administration exhibited 
time-dependent: increases in cocaine craving and impairments in extinction 
learning (for both measures: IV X Withdrawal ANOVA, p<0.05). These 
behavioral phenomena were related to a time-dependent reduction in vPFC 
Group 1 mGluR expression (ANOVA, p<0.05). While a history of cocaine 
selfadministration elevated dPFC levels of mGluR1/5, this increase did not 
vary as a function of withdrawal. Mimicking the vPFC cocaine effect via 
intra-vPFC infusion of antagonists at 3 days withdrawal produced no acute 
effect on cue-reinforced behavior in either saline or cocaine 
self-administering animals (IC X IV ANOVA: p>0.05), but impaired extinction 
learning manifested upon subsequent testing only in animals with cocaine 
experience (IC X IV ANOVA, p<0.05). Stimulating mGluR1/5 via intra-vPFC 
infusions of DHPG at 30 days withdrawal also produced no acute effects on 
cocaine craving (one-way ANOVA, p40.05), but facilitated extinction learning 
as manifested on a subsequent test for craving in cocaine-experienced 
animals only (IC X IV ANOVA, p<0.05). Discussion: The present report 
provides in vivo validation of an important role for vPFC Group1 mGluRs in 
learning to suppress cocaine-seeking behavior during cocaine abstinence by 
showing that the site-directed pharmacological manipulation of both mGluR1 
and mGluR5 function within the vPFC bi-directionally affects extinction 
learning in animals with an extensive history of cocaine 
self-administration. Taken altogether, these results support the hypothesis 
that a time-dependent reduction in vPFC Group I mGluR function is a neural 
adaptation produced during withdrawal from an extensive history of cocaine 
selfadministration that impairs the capacity of an addicted individual to 
learn new stimulus-response contingences during protracted drug abstinence. 
If relevant to humans, such findings implicate a progressive decrease in 
vPFC mGluR1/5 function during drug abstinence as a molecular cordon to 
recovery, which may be best overcome using receptor agonist treatment 
strategies.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine
  metabotropic receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2 methyl 6 (phenylethynyl)pyridine
  3 [(2 methyl 4 thiazolyl)ethynyl]pyridine
  receptor
  sodium chloride
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug self administration
  prefrontal cortex
  psychopharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  adaptation
  addiction
  agonist
  analysis of variance
  drug withdrawal
  follow up
  human
  hypothesis
  immunoblotting
  infusion
  learning
  rat
  stimulus response
  tissues
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.291
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 442
TITLE
  Educational opportunities and anti-doping roles and responsibilities for 
pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ambrose P.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ambrose P.J., ambrosep@pharmacy.ucsf.edu) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. J. Ambrose, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 
University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States. Email: 
ambrosep@pharmacy.ucsf.edu
SOURCE
  Yakugaku Zasshi (2011) 131:12 (1761-1764). Date of Publication: 20111201
ISSN
  0031-6903
  1347-5231 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 
Japan.
ABSTRACT
  Drug use and abuse by athletes has become a common problem. Pharmacists can 
assist by managing the legitimate medication needs of athletes to prevent 
them from accidentally using a banned substance. Pharmacists can also 
educate athletes and the public about the health consequences of using 
performance-enhancing substances. Pharmacists can play a variety of roles to 
assist with anti-doping. Such roles include educating, advising, dispensing 
and monitoring medications and supplements; and working with anti-doping 
agencies. There are few established educational opportunities for 
pharmacists and pharmacy students. Educational programs in sports pharmacy 
and doping control need to be developed for instruction in the classroom, 
for post-graduate training and for experiential programs. Classroom 
instruction should include information about performance-enhancing 
substances and general principles of doping control. Student activities for 
an established advanced pharmacy practice experience include education on 
performance-enhancing substances and assay technologies, preparing and 
providing presentations to athletes and others regarding these substances, 
performing literature research on drugs and dietary supplements used to 
improve athletic performance, writing a monograph on these substances, and 
participating in doping control programs. © 2011 The Pharmaceutical Society 
of Japan.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  doping
  education program
  pharmacist attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  athletic performance
  communication skill
  diet supplementation
  drug marketing
  drug monitoring
  health education
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  pharmacy student
  postgraduate education
  sport
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011666581
MEDLINE PMID
  22129874 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129874)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 443
TITLE
  Invited lecture presented at the Canadian society of pharmacology and 
therapeutics annual meeting drugs and people i have known: 45 years in 
clinical pharmacology
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ogilvie R.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ogilvie R.I., ri.ogilvie@utoronto.ca)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. I. Ogilvie, Email: ri.ogilvie@utoronto.ca
SOURCE
  Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology (2011) 18:3 
(e455-e470). Date of Publication: 2011
ISSN
  1710-6222
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Soceity of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 
105 Main Street E. Level 1. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
ABSTRACT
  At the Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting in 
Montreal on May 27, 2011 Richard Ian Ogilvie, Professor Emeritus of Medicine 
and Pharmacology at the University of Toronto was invited to present a 
lecture regarding his 45 year career in clinical pharmacology in Canada. In 
the lecture he identified the people and events that shaped his accomplished 
career. © 2011 Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. All rights 
reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetazolamide (drug therapy)
  antiinfective agent
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent
  calcium channel blocking agent
  chlortalidone (clinical trial, drug dose, pharmacology)
  diazoxide (parenteral drug administration, pharmacokinetics)
  digitalis (adverse drug reaction)
  dipyridamole
  diuretic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  enprofylline (adverse drug reaction)
  etacrynic acid
  furosemide
  hydrochlorothiazide (clinical trial)
  indapamide
  insulin (adverse drug reaction)
  labetalol (parenteral drug administration)
  mersalyl (parenteral drug administration)
  methyldopa (clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration)
  nitroprusside sodium (parenteral drug administration)
  penicillin G (drug therapy)
  phenoxybenzamine
  quinidine (adverse drug reaction)
  rolofylline (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  rosiglitazone
  spironolactone (clinical trial, drug dose)
  sulfonylurea
  thalidomide (drug therapy)
  theophylline (drug concentration, drug dose, parenteral drug administration)
  tolbutamide (drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Canada
  cider
  diabetes mellitus (drug therapy)
  doping
  dose response
  drug efficacy
  drug fatality (side effect)
  drug intoxication (side effect)
  drug safety
  elixir
  heart failure (drug therapy)
  hepatitis (side effect)
  human
  hyperlactatemia (drug therapy)
  hypertension (drug therapy)
  lactic acidosis (drug therapy)
  leprosy (drug therapy)
  medical education
  multiple myeloma (drug therapy)
  nonhuman
  orange (fruit)
  plant root
  plant seed
  pneumonia (drug therapy)
  scurvy (prevention)
  travel
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  avandia
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetazolamide (1424-27-7, 59-66-5)
  chlortalidone (77-36-1)
  diazoxide (364-98-7)
  digitalis (8031-42-3, 8053-83-6)
  dipyridamole (58-32-2)
  enprofylline (41078-02-8)
  etacrynic acid (58-54-8, 6500-81-8)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  hydrochlorothiazide (58-93-5)
  indapamide (26807-65-8)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  labetalol (32780-64-6, 36894-69-6)
  mersalyl (486-67-9, 492-18-2)
  methyldopa (555-29-3, 555-30-6)
  nitroprusside sodium (14402-89-2, 15078-28-1)
  penicillin G (1406-05-9, 61-33-6)
  phenoxybenzamine (59-96-1, 63-92-3)
  quinidine (56-54-2)
  rolofylline (136199-02-5)
  rosiglitazone (122320-73-4, 155141-29-0)
  spironolactone (52-01-7)
  thalidomide (50-35-1)
  theophylline (58-55-9, 5967-84-0, 8055-07-0, 8061-56-1, 99007-19-9)
  tolbutamide (473-41-6, 64-77-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012710441
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 444
TITLE
  Proposal to sports pharmacist as a sports doctor
AUTHOR NAMES
  Uchida A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Uchida A., akikouchida@nifty.com) TSUKUBA Fitness and Sports Medicine 
Laboratory, 1187-299 Kaname, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2622, Japan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Uchida, TSUKUBA Fitness and Sports Medicine Laboratory, 1187-299 Kaname, 
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2622, Japan. Email: akikouchida@nifty.com
SOURCE
  Yakugaku Zasshi (2011) 131:12 (1751-1753). Date of Publication: 20111201
ISSN
  0031-6903
  1347-5231 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15-201, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 
Japan.
ABSTRACT
  I am a team doctor of three competition groups including professional 
cycling team for ten years. The most troublesome issue as a sports doctor is 
the problem about doping. I cope thanks to a mobile telephone and an e-mail 
regardless of place and time, but introduce some examples because I still 
experience many doping "near miss" cases. In addition, there are problems in 
road competition spots as follows; 1) There are few team doctors. I am 
pressed by the consultation from plural teams, 2) An unexperienced doctor of 
the doping knowledge often prescribes prohibited drugs, 3) There are 
problems with no understanding of the medicine made in foreign countries, 
Chinese medicine, a generic drug, and supplements which obtained on the 
internet. I hope that anti-doping education in faculty of pharmaceutical 
sciences is made mandatory, sports pharmacists taken to the sports spot 
along increase, and a system and a database to teach local doctors and 
players quickly will be achieved in future. © 2011 The Pharmaceutical 
Society of Japan.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  generic drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  physician
  sport
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Chinese medicine
  competition
  consultation
  cycling
  data base
  doping
  e-mail
  education
  human
  Internet
  mobile phone
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011666578
MEDLINE PMID
  22129871 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129871)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 445
TITLE
  Diuretic potential of whole plant extracts of Pergularia daemia (Forsk.)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bhavin V.
  Ruchi V.
  Santani D.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bhavin V., rxbhavin@gmail.com; Ruchi V.) Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal 
Vidyanagar, Tarsadi, India.
(Santani D.D.) Rofel, Shri G. M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy, Vapi, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Bhavin, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal Vidyanagar, Tarsadi, India. Email: 
rxbhavin@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:4 (795-798). Date of 
Publication: December 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  The whole plant, Pergularia daemia (Family: Asclepediaceae), was extracted 
with 50% alcohol and a fresh batch of the plant material was successively 
extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to determine its 
diuretic activity. The diuretic activity of the different extracts at a dose 
of 400 mg/Kg was assessed orally in rats with furosemide as a standard drug 
using Lipschitzs test. All extracts except the petroleum ether extract 
showed significant increase (p < 0.001) in urine output. Urinary electrolyte 
excretion was also affected by the extracts: the alcoholic, ethyl acetate 
and n-butanol extract caused an increase in the urinary excretion of sodium 
and potassium ions. These findings suggest that among the mentioned 
extracts, ethanolic has the maximum diuretic activity followed by n-butanol 
extract. © 2011 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diuretic agent (drug analysis, drug development, drug toxicity, oral drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  Pergularia daemia extract (drug analysis, drug comparison, drug development, 
drug toxicity, oral drug administration, pharmacology)
  plant extract (drug analysis, drug development, drug toxicity, oral drug 
administration, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetic acid ethyl ester
  alcohol
  alkaloid (drug analysis)
  butanol
  electrolyte (endogenous compound)
  flavonoid (drug analysis)
  furosemide (drug comparison, oral drug administration)
  petroleum ether
  potassium ion (endogenous compound)
  saponin (drug analysis)
  sodium ion (endogenous compound)
  steroid (drug analysis)
  triterpene (drug analysis)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Apocynaceae
  diuretic activity
  Pergularia daemia
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute toxicity
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  drug screening
  electrolyte urine level
  female
  male
  mouse
  nonhuman
  phytochemistry
  potassium urine level
  rat
  sodium urine level
  urine volume
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetic acid ethyl ester (141-78-6)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  butanol (35296-72-1, 71-36-3)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  petroleum ether (8032-32-4)
  potassium ion (24203-36-9)
  saponin (8047-15-2)
  sodium ion (17341-25-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Urology and Nephrology (28)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012205513
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 446
TITLE
  Baclofen-induced morbiliform rashes: A case series
AUTHOR NAMES
  Saddichha S.
  Jayaram N.
  Manjunatha N.
  Benegal V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Saddichha S., saddichha@gmail.com; Jayaram N.; Manjunatha N.; Benegal V.) 
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 
India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Saddichha, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences 
(NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Email: saddichha@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2011) 51:12 (1733-1734). Date of 
Publication: December 2011
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Baclofen is a gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) derivative that is a specific 
agonist at GABA-B receptors. Initially used in the treatment of spasticity, 
it is now being used in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Although it has 
several known adverse effects, incidence of rashes developing due to 
baclofen is very rare, and morbiliform rashes due to baclofen, an 
exceedingly rare adverse effect, has been reported only once before. We 
report a case series of 4 patients who developed morbiliform rashes after 
initiation of baclofen. © 2011 American College of Clinical Pharmacology, 
Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  baclofen (adverse drug reaction, drug dose)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug eruption (side effect, complication, side effect)
  erythema (side effect, complication, side effect)
  maculopapular rash (side effect, complication, side effect)
  morbiliform maculopapular erythematous lesion (side effect, side effect)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcoholism
  axilla
  case report
  case study
  disease severity
  dose response
  drug dose increase
  drug dose reduction
  drug safety
  drug withdrawal
  evening dosage
  face
  female
  human
  low drug dose
  maintenance drug dose
  male
  naranjo algorithm score
  review
  scoring system
  thorax
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Dermatology and Venereology (13)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011672254
MEDLINE PMID
  21119092 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21119092)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270010385936
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 447
TITLE
  Validation of FASTHUG-maidens: A mnemonic for drug related problem 
identification in the intensive care unit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Masson S.
  Mabasa V.
  Malyuk D.
  Perrott J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Masson S.) Abbotsford Regional Hospital, United Kingdom.
(Mabasa V.) Burnaby Hospital, United Kingdom.
(Malyuk D.; Perrott J.) Royal Columbian Hospital, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Masson, Abbotsford Regional Hospital, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Critical Care Medicine (2011) 39 SUPPL. 12 (216). Date of Publication: 
December 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  Critical Care Congress 2012
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Houston, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2012-02-04 to 2012-02-08
ISSN
  0090-3493
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: The mnemonic FASTHUG (Feeding; Analgesia; Sedation; 
Thromboembolic prophylaxis; Head of bed elevation; stress Ulcer prophylaxis; 
Glucose control) was developed by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians to 
ensure that several key aspects of care are addressed by the ICU team in 
every patient encounter. However, this tool did not specifically target 
pharmacotherapy assessments. To provide a standardized approach for 
identifying drug related problems (DRPs) in the ICU, we further modified 
this mnemonic to FASTHUG-MAIDENS (Changing the H to Hypo/hyperactive 
delirium and adding Medication reconciliation; Anti-infectives; assess for 
Indications; Drug dosing; Electrolytes/laboratory results; No duplications, 
interactions, allergies or side effects; Stop dates). The purpose of this 
study was to validate the benefit of this mnemonic for identifying DRPs. 
Hypothesis: Our hypothesis was that the use of the FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic 
by pharmacy residents would increase their identification of DRPs in ICU 
patients compared to standard monitoring practice (SMP). Methods: This 
randomized, prospective validation study took place from January to May 2011 
in the ICUs of four hospitals within the Fraser Health Authority in British 
Columbia, Canada: two community level and two tertiary referral ICUs. Six 
Pharmacy Residents completing ICU rotations were randomized to assess 
patients using the mnemonic FASTHUG-MAIDENS or employing SMP. The DRPs 
identified from these assessments were then compared with those identified 
by the ICU Pharmacists. The proportion of DRPs per patient encounter (the 
primary outcome) was calculated for each group using the Mann Whitney U 
test. The proportion of total DRPs identified in each group was assessed as 
a secondary endpoint using the Chi squared test. Results: Pharmacy Residents 
using the FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic identified a statistically significant 
greater mean proportion of DRPs per patient encounter (73.2% vs 52.4%, p = 
0.008) and a greater proportion of total DRPs (77.1% vs 52.5%, p<0.0001) 
than those assessing patients using SMP. Conclusions: The mnemonic 
FASTHUG-MAIDENS is a useful tool to increase the capture of DRPs by Pharmacy 
Residents in ICU patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  glucose
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  intensive care
  intensive care unit
  problem identification
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  allergy
  analgesia
  Canada
  community
  delirium
  drug therapy
  feeding
  health
  hospital
  human
  hypothesis
  medication therapy management
  monitoring
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  prophylaxis
  rank sum test
  sedation
  side effect
  stress ulcer
  thromboembolism
  validation study
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000408627.24229.88
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 448
TITLE
  Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2B6 by methadone
AUTHOR NAMES
  Amunugama H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Amunugama H.) Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Amunugama, Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Drug Metabolism Reviews (2011) 43 SUPPL. 2 (65-66). Date of Publication: 
November 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  17th North American Regional International Society for the Study of 
Xenobiotics, ISSX Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Atlanta, GA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-20
ISSN
  0360-2532
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Informa Healthcare
ABSTRACT
  MECHANISM-BASED INACTIVATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 2B6 BY METHADONE Hemali 
Amunugama, Haoming Zhang and Paul F. Hollenberg Department of Pharmacology, 
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109. Methadone is a μ-opioid 
receptor agonist widely used in the treatment of narcotic addiction and in 
chronic pain conditions. Methadone is metabolized predominantly in the liver 
by cytochrome P450s (CYPS) to its pharmacologically inactive primary 
metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine. Initial in 
vitro data suggested that CYP3A4 is the major isoform responsible for the in 
vivo clearance of methadone in humans. However, recent clinical data have 
identified that CYP2B6 is actually the major isoform responsible for in vivo 
methadone metabolism and clearance.In this study, methadone was analyzed for 
its ability to act as a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2B6. Methadone 
inactivates CYP2B6 in a time, concentration and NADPH dependent manner with 
a KI = 10.0 μM and ki(nact) = 0.02 min-1. The activity loss of 2B6, in the 
presence of methadone and NADPH occurred with a concurrent loss of the 
reduced CO spectrum of the P450. Moreover, a good correlation between the 
loss of 2B6 activity and the loss of CO-binding was observed. HPLC analysis 
of P450-associated heme demonstrated that approximately 80% loss of native 
heme is accompanied by a comparable inactivation of 2B6. A labeled protein 
or stable heme adducts were not observed by LC/MS/MS analysis. These results 
suggest that covalent modification or destruction of heme is the major 
mechanism leading to the inactivation of 2B6 by methadone.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cytochrome
  cytochrome P450
  methadone
  xenobiotic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2 ethylidene 1,5 dimethyl 3,3 diphenylpyrrolidine
  heme
  opiate agonist
  protein
  reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chronic pain
  clinical study
  high performance liquid chromatography
  human
  in vitro study
  liver
  metabolism
  metabolite
  narcotic dependence
  pharmacology
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03602532.2011.629832
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 449
TITLE
  Pharmacists' experiences with dispensing opioids: Provincial survey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kahan M.
  Wilson L.
  Wenghofer E.F.
  Srivastava A.
  Resnick A.
  Janecek E.
  Sheehan C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kahan M., kahanm@stjoe.on.ca) Addiction Medicine Services Clinic, St. 
Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Kahan M., kahanm@stjoe.on.ca; Wilson L.; Srivastava A.) St. Joseph's Health 
Centre, Family Medicine, East Wing, 30 The Queensway, Toronto, ON M6R 1B5, 
Canada.
(Kahan M., kahanm@stjoe.on.ca; Wilson L.; Srivastava A.) Department of 
Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
(Wenghofer E.F.) Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research, Laurentian 
University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
(Wenghofer E.F.) School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, 
Sudbury, ON, Canada.
(Srivastava A.; Janecek E.) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, 
ON, Canada.
(Resnick A.) Ontario College of Pharmacists, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Sheehan C.) Child Care Resources, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Kahan, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Family Medicine, East Wing, 30 The 
Queensway, Toronto, ON M6R 1B5, Canada. Email: kahanm@stjoe.on.ca
SOURCE
  Canadian Family Physician (2011) 57:11 (e448-e454). Date of Publication: 
November 2011
ISSN
  0008-350X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  College of Family Physicians of Canada, 2630 Skymark Avenue, Mississauga 
Ont., Canada.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To explore pharmacists' beliefs, practices, and experiences 
regarding opioid dispensing. Design: Mailed survey. Setting: The province of 
Ontario. Participants: A total of 1011 pharmacists selected from the Ontario 
College of Pharmacists' registration list. Main outcome measures: 
Pharmacists' experiences with opioid-related adverse events (intoxication 
and aberrant drug-related behaviour) and their interactions with physicians. 
Results: A total of 652 pharmacists returned the survey, for a response rate 
of 64%. Most (86%) reported that they were concerned about several or many 
of their patients who were taking opioids; 36% reported that at least 1 
patient was intoxicated from opioids while visiting their pharmacies within 
the past year. Reasons for opioid intoxication included the patient taking 
more than prescribed (84%), the patient using alcohol or sedating drugs 
along with the opioid (69.9%), or the prescribed dose being too high (34%). 
Participants' most common concerns in the 3 months before the survey were 
patients coming in early for prescription refills, suspected 
double-doctoring, and requests for replacement doses for lost medication 
(reported frequently by 39%, 12%, and 16% of respondents, respectively). 
Pharmacists were concerned about physician practices, such as prescribing 
benzodiazepines along with opioids. Pharmacists reported difficulty in 
reaching physicians directly by telephone (43%), and indicated that 
physicians frequently did not return their calls promptly (28%). The 
strategies rated as most helpful for improving opioid dispensing were a 
provincial prescription database and opioid prescribing guidelines. 
Conclusion: Pharmacists commonly observe opioid intoxication and aberrant 
drug-related behaviour in their patients but have difficulty communicating 
their concerns to physicians. System-wide strategies are urgently needed to 
improve the safety of opioid prescribing and to enhance communication 
between physicians and pharmacists.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug marketing
  pharmacist attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol consumption
  article
  drug abuse
  drug intoxication
  health care survey
  human
  inappropriate prescribing
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  physician attitude
  practice guideline
  professional competence
  work experience
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011642563
MEDLINE PMID
  22084475 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22084475)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 450
TITLE
  Banana bag utilization in the emergency department: Pharmacy educational 
initiatives can decrease “dogmatic” orders for banana bags
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kuo D.
  Buehler G.
  Patel K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kuo D.; Buehler G.; Patel K.) Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United 
States.
(Kuo D.; Buehler G.; Patel K.) Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Kuo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.
SOURCE
  Annals of Emergency Medicine (2011) 58:4 SUPPL. 1 (S257). Date of 
Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  American College of Emergency Physicians, ACEP 2011 Research Forum
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-15 to 2011-10-16
ISSN
  0196-0644
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Mosby Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Study Objective: “Banana bags” have been historically ordered for all 
potential alcoholics to supplement their nutritional states and prevent 
Wernicke's encephalopathy despite evidence for their effectiveness. We 
sought to decrease the ordering of “banana bags” and evaluated the 
effectiveness of a pharmacy educational initiative to decrease “banana bag” 
orders. Methods: This is retrospective before and after study performed in 
emergency department (ED) of an academic teaching institution in a major 
metropolitan city with over 100,000 annual visits. This study was performed 
in the adult population (> 18 yrs of age). Four months were studied to 
establish a baseline prior to the intervention and 4 months were studied 
after the intervention. Pharmacy orders for “banana bag” were reviewed by 
the ED pharmacist before and after an educational initiative was initiated 
in the ED. This educational initiative consisted of a brief presentation on 
the lack of evidence to support “banana bag” administration that was given 
during physician and student orientation. IV thiamine alone was recommended 
as an alternative for malnourished alcoholics. Outcome measures were the 
number of “banana bag” orders written per month. Secondaryoutcome measures 
were potential cost savings. Results: There were 216, 155, 141, and 165 
orders for “banana bag” in the baseline control months with zero orders for 
IV thiamine. The mean for the 4 control months was 169 (SD 33). The 
following month orders for “banana bag” decreased to 81, 17, 0, 1 
sequentially with 6, 7, 23 and 37 orders for IV thiamine respectively. Cost 
savings were calculated using $24 as the cost (hospital costs not charge) of 
a banana bag and $12 as the cost of IV thiamine. The average monthly cost 
before the initiative was $4056. The average monthly cost after the 
initiative was $816 for an average monthly savings of $3240. If the first 2 
months after the initiative are considered transitional then the average 
monthly cost would be $384 for a monthly savings of$3672 or annual savings 
of over $44,000. Conclusions: A pharmacy educational initiative can 
significantly decrease the number of unnecessary orders for “banana bags” 
and provide potential cost savings.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  thiamine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  banana
  college
  emergency physician
  emergency ward
  human
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcoholism
  city
  cost control
  hospital cost
  nutritional status
  pharmacist
  physician
  population
  student
  teaching
  Wernicke encephalopathy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.268
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 451
TITLE
  Assessment of student pharmacist learning from a multidisciplinary older 
adult home visit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Breslin T.M.
  Kulik A.J.
  Bugalski Stutrud C.A.
  Bowers C.J.
  Smith G.B.
  Mendez J.
  Afonso N.M.
  Waites C.C.
  O'Connell M.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Breslin T.M.; Kulik A.J.; Bugalski Stutrud C.A.; Smith G.B.; O'Connell 
M.B.) Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and 
Health Sciences, Detroit, United States.
(Bowers C.J.; Waites C.C.) Wayne State University, College of Social Work, 
Detroit, United States.
(Mendez J.) Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, United 
States.
(Afonso N.M.) Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, 
Rochester, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.M. Breslin, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy 
and Health Sciences, Detroit, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (422e-423e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To assess achievement of pharmacy experiential goals designed to 
enhance student learning related to aging, social constructs, patient 
assessment, physician roles, team care, and home visits from a 
multidisciplinary team experience with older adults in their homes. METHODS: 
83 pairs of a third-year student pharmacist and secondyear medical student 
assessed an older adult in his/her home. Student pharmacists performed a 
comprehensive medication review, identified drug-related problems, and with 
a pharmacy preceptor created a recommendation letter and medication 
calendar, which were given to the older adult. Medical students assessed 
fall risk and activities of daily living. Student pharmacists completed a 
post-visit learning survey related to curricular goals. Survey questions 
were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics (SPSS v19). Open-ended 
questions were analyzed using qualitative research techniques, resulting in 
learning themes. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent of students reported increased 
understanding about social influences on medication use. Students thought (> 
70% responses) team care was more comprehensive, could improve patient 
outcomes, and would be important to their professional success. Most 
students (96%) believed the home visit resulted in additional information 
that could improve health care delivery. Based on qualitative findings, 
students learned that older adults were more active, independent, and 
knowledgeable about their health than expected. They felt the medical 
students were empathetic toward the older adult and demonstrated positive 
personality traits, professionalism, and good interviewing skills. Students 
described multidisciplinary team care as important and provider roles 
complementary. The home visits were noted to provide an environment more 
comfortable for the older adult as they were quite amiable, communicative, 
and receptive to information provided by the team. Most students (86%) 
indicated the project was worthwhile and would recommend it to other 
students. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary training with older adults in a home 
environment was a good learning opportunity for the students.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  human
  learning
  pharmacist
  professional practice
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  aging
  daily life activity
  drug therapy
  environment
  fall risk
  health
  health care delivery
  home environment
  medical student
  patient
  patient assessment
  personality
  pharmacy
  physician
  professionalism
  qualitative research
  skill
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 452
TITLE
  Collaborative health risk assessment and management program between the 
university pharmacy clinic and city employees
AUTHOR NAMES
  Capehart K.D.
  O'Neil M.
  Bottorff M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Capehart K.D.; O'Neil M.; Bottorff M.) University of Charleston, School of 
Pharmacy, Charleston, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.D. Capehart, University of Charleston, School of Pharmacy, Charleston, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (390e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: The purpose of the collaboration is to provide medication therapy 
management services to Charleston, West Virginia city employees in 
conjunction with the City's Employee Health Risk Management Program. 
METHODS: All city employees and dependents were required to complete a 
comprehensive health risk assessment (HRA) in the fall of 2010. The 
collaborative program with the City was created based on the HRA results. 
Patients may self-refer to the pharmacy clinic or be referred by the City's 
free physician assistant-run health clinic. Services provided include 
medication therapy management, chronic disease management for diabetes, 
cholesterol, hypertension, heart failure, asthma, COPD, smoking cessation, 
pain management, and substance abuse prevention. The City will reimburse the 
PharmUC Patient Care Clinic on a fee-for-service basis. The services are 
free to the employee and dependents and can be utilized while at work 
without taking paid or unpaid time off. Adherent participants to the Health 
Risk Management Program receive a discount on their health premiums. 
RESULTS: An agreement was reached with the City of Charleston for the 
PharmUC Patient Care Clinic to be a part of the City's Employee Health Risk 
Management Program. Utilizing the appropriate national Guidelines and/or 
quality indicators for each condition will be examined at six and twelve 
months. Also, work productivity indicators and overall healthcare savings 
will be evaluated. Employee satisfaction with the health plan before and 
after Program implementation will be assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Opportunities 
exist for pharmacy-based clinics to contract with insurers, particularly 
self-insured companies, to facilitate improvement in the management of 
health risks. The City of Charleston is taking a proactive step to improve 
the health of its employees and beneficiaries by recognizing the benefits 
that clinical pharmacy can offer and incorporating these services into their 
health plan.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cholesterol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  city
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  employee
  health hazard
  hospital
  human
  pharmacy
  risk assessment
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  asthma
  chronic disease
  diabetes mellitus
  disease management
  health
  health care
  health center
  heart failure
  hypertension
  medication therapy management
  patient
  patient care
  physician assistant
  prevention
  productivity
  risk management
  satisfaction
  smoking cessation
  substance abuse
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 453
TITLE
  University students' perspectives on community pharmacy public health 
services: A qualitative study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Al-Kattan T.
  White S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Al-Kattan T.; White S.) Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Al-Kattan, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 19 SUPPL. 2 (80-81). Date 
of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society Conference 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  London, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-09-11 to 2011-09-12
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Introduction In recent years, an increased variety of public health services 
have been provided by community pharmacies in addition to the supply of 
medicines, for example smoking cessation services, alcohol reduction and 
weight management programmes, physiological measurement monitoring (e.g. 
blood pressure), Chlamydia screening, supply of EHC, and syringe and needle 
exchange services.(1) However, previous studies have suggested that the 
general public may be largely unaware of these extended services.(2) 
University students may be at particular risk of adverse health outcomes as 
a result of exposure to excess alcohol consumption, drugs and risky sexual 
behaviour, 3 and subsequently may benefit from these services pro- vided by 
community pharmacies. However, little is known about students' perspectives 
on community pharmacy public health services. As such, this study aimed to 
explore a group of University students' perspectives on these services. 
Method Following ethical approval from the School of Pharmacy Research 
Ethics Committee, qualitative interviews were conducted online with a 
purposive sample of 12 students using mobile-instant-messaging-applications. 
Participants were recruited by emailing all students at the University, 
personal contact with secretaries of University clubs and societies, and by 
posting messages on Student Union message boards. Those who responded were 
asked which course they were studying and whether or not they were from the 
UK to ensure sample heterogeneity and that pharmacy students were not 
targeted. Subsequently, most but not all were recruited. The interview guide 
was developed on the basis of the objectives of the study and a review of 
the literature. Interview topics included participants' perspectives on 
community pharmacy services and their experiences of using community 
pharmacies. The data was analysed by framework analysis.(4) Results In 
general, students appeared to have a good understanding of medicines supply 
services provided by community pharmacies but seemed to be much less aware 
of public healthrelated services, and were not aware of having seen any of 
these services advertised in pharmacies. The exceptions to this were that 
all of the participants were aware that smoking cessation services were 
provided by community pharmacies and female students appeared to have a 
greater awareness of Chlamydia screening services than male students. 
Students reported being concerned about the potential lack of privacy and 
confidentiality in community pharmacies in relation to issues that may be 
subject to stigma, such as sexual health services, especially Chlamydia 
screening and supply of EHC, as well as drug misuse services. In particular, 
most students seemed unaware of private consultation rooms in community 
pharmacies and reported that they would feel embarrassed asking about these 
services at the counter. Conclusion These findings suggest that students' 
awareness of the public health services provided by community pharmacies may 
need to be raised, if they are to benefit from these services. In doing so, 
pharmacists should place a particular emphasis on the existence of 
consultation rooms where sensitive issues can be discussed in private and 
how services can be accessed without students having to specifically ask 
about them at the counter. This may be achieved by University-based health 
promotion campaigns, but further research is needed to identify the most 
effective method of targeting this population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  health care organization
  pharmacy
  public health service
  qualitative research
  university student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol consumption
  blood pressure
  Chlamydia
  confidentiality
  consultation
  drug misuse
  exposure
  female
  health
  health promotion
  health service
  human
  interview
  male
  monitoring
  needle
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  population
  privacy
  professional standard
  purposive sample
  research ethics
  risk
  school
  screening
  sexual behavior
  sexual health
  smoking cessation
  student
  syringe
  United Kingdom
  university
  weight
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00147_2.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 454
TITLE
  The role of a community pharmacy resident in expanding clinical pharmacy 
services within a traditional dispensing model
AUTHOR NAMES
  Montgomery J.
  Turner T.J.
  Quinn M.
  Harms J.
  Samol S.
  Fabian T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Montgomery J.; Turner T.J.; Quinn M.; Harms J.; Samol S.; Fabian T.) 
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical 
Center, Pittsburgh, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Montgomery, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of 
Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (394e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Patients with serious mental illness are at a higher risk for 
developing chronic medical disorders including metabolic syndrome and have 
significantly higher rates of premature mortality. Adherence to medications 
presents a special challenge for this vulnerable patient population. 
Community pharmacists can directly impact patient care and improve clinical 
outcomes through innovative dispensing models and specialized pharmacy 
services. We evaluated the role of a community pharmacy resident in 
expanding clinical pharmacy services within a traditional dispensing model. 
METHODS: A total of 50 psychiatric outpatients were identified as having 
complex medication regimens and poor medication adherence and were enrolled 
in a pillbox program. Medical and psychiatric medications were dispensed in 
a weekly pillbox to promote adherence. Electronic medical records were 
reviewed to identify individuals with medical comorbidities including 
diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia. A comprehensive medication review 
was conducted and medication education provided to the patient over three 
visits. Documentation of each visit was sent to the patient's primary care 
provider. RESULTS: Of the 50 patients enrolled in the pillbox program, 27 
(54%) had co-morbid medical diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension and/or 
hyperlipidemia. To date, one-third (9/27) have completed the medication 
management program. Patients were prescribed an average of 11 medications 
with complex dosing regimens. Eighteen drug therapy problems were identified 
of which 16 (89%) were resolved through pharmacy interventions with 
providers. CONCLUSION: The addition of a community pharmacy resident was 
important to the success of this pilot project to assess feasibility of 
adding clinical pharmacy services to our current workflow. Although patients 
were enrolled in a structured dispensing program, drug therapy problems 
including adherence were identified. Pharmacists addressed patient specific 
medication issues and collaborated with providers to resolve. Incorporation 
of clinical pharmacy services into a traditional dispensing model can 
improve medication adherence, address access to care and promote health 
outcomes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  community
  hospital department
  human
  model
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  diabetes mellitus
  diagnosis
  diseases
  documentation
  drug therapy
  education
  electronic medical record
  health
  hyperlipidemia
  hypertension
  mental disease
  metabolic syndrome X
  outpatient
  patient
  patient care
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  pilot study
  population
  premature mortality
  primary medical care
  risk
  workflow
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 455
TITLE
  Experiential value of an older adult medication assessment early in the 
pharmacy curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rutkowski K.M.
  Freitel K.M.
  Rosenthal T.C.
  Smith G.B.
  O'Connell M.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rutkowski K.M.; Freitel K.M.; Rosenthal T.C.; Smith G.B.; O'Connell M.B.) 
Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health 
Sciences, Detroit, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.M. Rutkowski, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy 
and Health Sciences, Detroit, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (423e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To evaluate the learning and appropriateness of an older adult 
medication review early in the curriculum. METHODS: Older adults visited the 
college to meet first-year students who would soon provide their medication 
review with a pharmacist. The team performed the review at the older adult's 
independent living residence during spring/summer year one experiential 
courses (IPPE). The pharmacist gave each older adult a medication calendar 
and list of recommendations. Three months later, the students visited their 
older adult to learn about recommendation implementation. After each aspect, 
students wrote a reflection. Students completed an anonymous learning survey 
after the program (39% response). Descriptive statistics (SPSS v19) were 
used to summarize survey data and qualitative research techniques (Atlas.ti 
v6.2) were used to determine learning themes from the reflections. RESULTS: 
Students (≥73%) felt comfortable speaking with older adults at the social 
event, were confident in their duties, and thought the follow-up visit was 
valuable. They felt the medication review was beneficial to the older adult 
(70%). This experience helped develop communications skills (60%), enhanced 
understanding of pharmacists' roles in medication management (70%), and 
expanded medication knowledge (57%). Students thought this project should be 
continued (57%) and recommended changes. In the reflections, students 
described learning about older adult lifestyles, health, and medication 
issues. Students were able to practice and improve skills gained throughout 
didactic and lab courses (e.g., self-confidence, older adult interviewing). 
They learned how to prepare a medication calendar. Many students felt the 
older adults also benefited from the interaction. Drug related problems were 
identified and resolved throughout the project that might not have been 
recognized otherwise. Reflection reviews from the social event and 3 month 
follow-up visit are pending. CONCLUSION: Students learned about older adult 
lifestyles, medication issues and assessment adjustments. The experience 
will be continued in the curriculum with changes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  curriculum
  drug therapy
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  follow up
  health
  human
  independent living
  interpersonal communication
  learning
  lifestyle
  pharmacist
  qualitative research
  skill
  speech
  statistics
  student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 456
TITLE
  Impact of a pharmacist sedation program on the medical and surgical 
mechanically ventilated patient population in a level II trauma center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lederhouse L.
  Bobek M.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lederhouse L.; Bobek M.B.) New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Lederhouse, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (326e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Determine the impact of a pharmacist monitoring sedation program in 
the mechanically ventilated patient population in a community hospital 
setting. METHODS: This retrospective/prospective study was approved by the 
Institutional Review Board. The included population was any medical or 
general surgical mechanically ventilated patient receiving continuous 
sedatives and/or analgesics. Excluded from this study were neurosurgery 
patients, patients on neuromuscular blockers, and those with active 
seizures, withdrawal symptoms, evidence of increased intracranial 
hemorrhage, or profound neurological deficits. The primary outcome was 
length of mechanical ventilation time. Secondary outcomes included total 
doses of analgesics/sedatives, documentation of the daily wake up 
assessment, length of ICU stay, and adverse effects. In the retrospective 
study, data was collected on 50 patients admitted during the months of 
January and February 2010, which served as the control group. In the 
prospective study, ICU nurses received an in-service on daily wake up 
assessments by the pharmacist and also completed an online training module. 
The pharmacist then ensured wake up assessments were performed daily and 
made recommendations regarding appropriate sedatives and analgesics. The 
results of the prospective study were compared with the retrospective study 
for the primary outcome. RESULTS: The average length of mechanical 
ventilation was reduced from 138.45 hours to 113.0 hours (P=0.6675). 
Improvements in secondary outcomes were seen, including amount of wake up 
assessments performed correctly increased from 12.5% to 67.8% (P<0.001) and 
death rate (14% vs. 36%, P=0.0111). CONCLUSION: While the decrease in 
mechanical ventilation time was not statistically significant, there was an 
improvement in secondary outcomes, including the amount of wake up 
assessments performed correctly and death rate. As a result of the study, 
the nursing documentation system was updated to provide further guidance on 
the wake up assessment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  neuromuscular blocking agent
  sedative agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  emergency health service
  human
  pharmacist
  population
  sedation
  ventilated patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  artificial ventilation
  brain hemorrhage
  community hospital
  control group
  documentation
  institutional review
  monitoring
  mortality
  neurosurgery
  nurse
  nursing
  patient
  prospective study
  retrospective study
  seizure
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 457
TITLE
  Impact of a pharmacist as a member of an interprofessional team to identify 
and reduce medication related problems during transitions of care from 
skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) to home
AUTHOR NAMES
  Soong K.
  Zlokas D.A.
  Tyagi S.
  Hodes D.Z.
  Gennari A.
  Ruby C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Soong K.; Zlokas D.A.; Ruby C.M.) University of Pittsburgh, School of 
Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, United States.
(Tyagi S.; Hodes D.Z.; Gennari A.) UPMC, Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Soong, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (426e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Transitions of care may involve multiple medication changes that 
lead to uncertainty about medication regimens and potential errors. This 
project addressed medication related problems identified during telephone 
calls to patients discharged from three SNFs. METHODS: An interprofessional 
team, centered in an outpatient geriatric clinic, composed of a pharmacist, 
social worker, and physician collaborated with three SNFs to develop a 
protocol to improve continuity of care for returning clinic patients. 
Information from the recent hospitalization and SNF stay included: discharge 
medication lists/summaries and medication administration records. Within 3 
business days of discharge, a pharmacist and pharmacy student contacted 
patients or family representatives via telephone to identify drug therapy 
problems, perform medication reconciliation, and update the electronic 
medical record (EMR). Referrals were made to the social worker if necessary. 
Therapeutic recommendations were documented in the EMR and communicated to 
the interprofessional team. RESULTS: The pharmacy team contacted 10 
patients, of which 8 had > 10 medications. All 10 patients (100%) were found 
to have medication related problems, with the most frequent problems being 
unnecessary drug therapy (50%) and adherence issues (50%). The pharmacist 
identified 26 medication-related problems (mean 2.6 per patient), made 17 
recommendations and provided 22 counseling points. Common co-morbidities 
included: hypertension (70%), osteoporosis (50%), and pain (30%). Only 1 
patient required hospitalization within 30 days after the encounter which 
was due to an infectious process unrelated to the previous admission. 
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists have a crucial role as part of an interprofessional 
team to identify and reduce the number of medication related problems in 
geriatric patients during transitions of care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  nursing home
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  commercial phenomena
  counseling
  electronic medical record
  geriatric hospital
  geriatric patient
  hospital
  hospitalization
  hypertension
  medication therapy management
  morbidity
  osteoporosis
  outpatient
  pain
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  physician
  social worker
  telephone
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 458
TITLE
  A pharmacist-run collaborative care program in a free urban primary care 
clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jonkman L.J.
  Connor S.E.
  Herbert M.I.
  Mrvos S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jonkman L.J.; Connor S.E.) University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, 
Pittsburgh, United States.
(Herbert M.I.) UPMC, Department of General Internal Medicine, Pittsburgh, 
United States.
(Mrvos S.) Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.J. Jonkman, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (389e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Pittsburgh's Birmingham Free Clinic (BFC) serves a growing 
population of patients with chronic diseases. BFC's walk-in model requires 
patients to return monthly, which works to provide access for new patients, 
but is less-than-ideal for patients needing continuing care. With limited 
volunteer physician staffing and thus, physician continuity, BFC developed a 
pharmacist-run appointmentbased collaborative care program to provide 
on-going care and medication refills to patients with chronic diseases. In 
this assessment we investigate drug-related problems (DRPs), interventions, 
and clinical outcomes for program participants. METHODS: This retrospective 
review included all patients with at least one pharmacist visit since 
program initiation (June 2009-May 2011). We recorded demographics, number of 
pharmacist visits, clinical data, DRPs, and interventions. The University of 
Pittsburgh Medical Center's quality improvement committee approved this 
project. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients had at least one pharmacist visit in 
the period assessed with a total of 251 visits. The majority of patients 
were middle-aged (49.5 years), male (54.9%), black (51.6%), lowincome 
($640/month), and housed (59.3%). 115 DRPs were identified (average 
1.8/patient; 0.46/visit), most common being “dose too low” (34.6%) and 
“non-compliance ”(23.4%). 590 interventions were made (average 9.2/patient; 
2.35/visit), most common being “education provided” (67.7%) and “referred to 
lab” (13.7%). Of those with diabetes (45.3%), baseline A1C was 8.0% 
(5.6-11.6%), blood pressure 134.6/85 mmHg (108-180/64-110 mmHg), and LDL 
89.1 mg/dL (45-136 mg/dL). No statistically significant changes were seen 
for A1C or blood pressure; LDL decreased 10.2 mg/dL (p=0.033). However, 
83.3% with A1C > 9% at baseline (6 patients) saw an A1C reduction. 
CONCLUSION: While we did not find significant clinical improvements, most 
had reasonable disease control at baseline. Improvements are complicated by 
patient social situations and timely access to laboratory services for 
disease monitoring. This project highlights the potential role for 
pharmacists in resource-poor settings to provide chronic care that extends 
the traditional primary care infrastructure.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  low density lipoprotein
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital
  human
  pharmacist
  primary medical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood pressure
  chronic disease
  clinical study
  diabetes mellitus
  disease control
  drug therapy
  education
  laboratory
  male
  middle aged
  model
  monitoring
  patient
  physician
  population
  total quality management
  university
  volunteer
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 459
TITLE
  Do emergency physicians know street drug slang?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Burns B.
  Stallard T.
  Snell J.
  Morgan D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Burns B.; Stallard T.; Snell J.; Morgan D.) University of Oklahoma, School 
of Community Medicine, Tulsa, United States.
(Burns B.; Stallard T.; Snell J.; Morgan D.) Texas A and M Health Science 
Center, Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Temple, TX, Temple, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Burns, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Annals of Emergency Medicine (2011) 58:4 SUPPL. 1 (S215-S216). Date of 
Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  American College of Emergency Physicians, ACEP 2011 Research Forum
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Francisco, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-15 to 2011-10-16
ISSN
  0196-0644
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Mosby Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: People with illicit substance abuse problems are frequent 
patients in emergency departments. Generally, these patients are only 
familiar with the “street slang” terms of abused substances. This 
terminology is usually not familiar to many emergency department (ED) 
professionals resulting in significant communication and treatment failures. 
However, knowledge of street slang by physician specialtyhas not been 
studied and the actual educational needs in this area are not known. Study 
Objective: To measure and compare knowledge of street drug terminology among 
groups of health care providers. Methods: A 25-question test on street drug 
slang given to attending physicians, residents, and medical students. The 
residents were in 2 emergency medicine residency programs in contiguous 
states. As controls, the test was also given to non-emergency medicine 
attending physicians, non-EM residents, fourth-year medical students at 2 
medical schools, emergency medicine attending staff at the 2 programs, 
pharmacists, and ED nurses. The emergency medicine attendings were compared 
to the other groups using 95% confidence limits and the Mann-Whitney rank 
sum test. Results: There were 65 attending physicians (17 emergency medicine 
and 48 non-EM physicians), 67 residents (34 emergency medicine residents and 
31 non-EM residents), 24 medical students, 7 pharmacists, and 17 nurses who 
participated. Each group had a mean score of less than 10 correct answers 
(40% correct) with a range from 1 to 19 correct. emergency medicine 
attending physicians had a mean score of 9.9 (SD = 3.8), emergency medicine 
residents scored 8.8 (Standard Deviation =3.9), non-EM physicians scored 5.4 
(SD= 3.2), non-EM residents with 5.1 (SD = 2.2), nurses with 4.8 (SD = 2.3), 
medical students with 6.63 (SD= 2.7) and the pharmacists scored 8.0 (SD = 
4.7). When compared to the other groups, the emergency medicine residents 
had a difference with emergency medicine attending of -1.2 (95% CI: -3.5 to 
1.2), pharmacists 0.8 (95% CI: -2.8 to 4.4), medical students 2.1 (95% CI: 
0.3 to 4.0), non-EM residents 3.6 (95% CI: 2.0 to 5.2), and ED nurses 4.0 
(95% CI: 1.9 to 6.0). Only the comparison to medical students (p = .033), 
non-EM residents (p<.001), and nurses (p<.001) were statistically 
significant. Conclusions: All groups performed poorly on the test. Although 
the emergency medicine attendings performed better than all groups, there 
are major knowledge deficiencies in this area which may be significant 
barriers to excellent Emergency care. Emergency medicine residencies and 
continuing medical education activities need to focus on this potential 
language and knowledge gap between health care providers and the population 
they treat.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  street drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  emergency physician
  human
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  emergency care
  emergency medicine
  emergency ward
  health care personnel
  interpersonal communication
  language
  medical education
  medical school
  medical student
  nurse
  patient
  pharmacist
  physician
  population
  rank sum test
  substance abuse
  treatment failure
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.140
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 460
TITLE
  Facebook as an educational tool in pharmacognosy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Giner-Pons R.M.
  Blázquez-Ferrer M.A.
  Máñez-Aliño S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Giner-Pons R.M.; Blázquez-Ferrer M.A.; Máñez-Aliño S.) Departament of 
Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.M. Giner-Pons, Departament of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University 
of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
SOURCE
  Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2011) 109 SUPPL. 2 (65). 
Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  33rd Conference of the Spanish Society of Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Malaga, Spain
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-03 to 2011-10-05
ISSN
  1742-7835
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Facebook is one of the most popular social networking that can be applied as 
an innovative educational methodology to improve communication between 
teachers and learners and enhance learning competencies. The aim of the 
present study was to explore the use of Facebook as an online communication 
tool and its effectiveness to provide learning outcomes in Pharmacognosy, a 
compulsory subject in the third year of the Degree of Pharmacy of the 
University of Valencia. The study was conducted under a group of 45 
students, three quarters of the registered ones. Once the Facebook group was 
created, different questions and problems on natural drugs, mainly on 
isolation and characterization of active plant secondary metabolites as well 
as their pharmacological properties, were formulated in the virtual 
classroom section. Members of the group try to solve them, what results in 
sharing knowledge. The methodology provided insight into the students 
reflections as they emerged in the questions delivered to them. The teacher 
regularly responded, and the immediate messages imply checking the social 
network very frequently, so giving feedback to students. This tool was also 
applied to dispel doubts about the exam; to give detailed corrections and 
the marks obtained, therefore it extended the classroom to the virtual 
interface. A survey evaluated the students? experiences that joined the 
group. Overall, the community gained a positive experience from using 
Facebook. Provided that it is a persuasive strategy to improve 
professor-student and student-student relationships, it could work 
effectively as a complementary learning tool.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacognosy
  pharmacology
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  feedback system
  human
  interpersonal communication
  learning
  metabolite
  methodology
  pharmacy
  plant
  social network
  student
  teacher
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00773.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 461
TITLE
  Degree of dependence influences the effects of smoking on psychomotor 
performance and working memory capacity
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ashor A.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ashor A.W., ammar_w_78@yahoo.com) Department of Pharmacology, College of 
Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. W. Ashor, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, 
Al-Mustansiriya University, PO Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq. Email: 
ammar_w_78@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Neurosciences (2011) 16:4 (353-357). Date of Publication: October 2011
ISSN
  1319-6138
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Saudi Arabian Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: Exploration of the variable effect of the degree of smoking 
dependence on psychomotor performance and working memory capacity. Methods: 
This is a randomized, controlled, prospective study conducted in the 
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, 
Baghdad, Iraq from 15 January 2011 to 25 February 2011. After third stage 
male medical students completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence 
questionnaire, we randomly selected a sample of 32 students and divided them 
into 3 groups: 10 participants with zero score (non-smokers), 11 
participants with a score of 5 or less (light smokers), and 11 participants 
with a score of 6 or more (heavy smokers). Choice reaction time and flicker 
fusion were measured by the Leeds psychomotor performance test battery, and 
working memory capacity was measured by the N-back working memory test. 
Results: We found significant improvement in ascending flicker fusion test 
in heavy smokers in comparison with non-smokers (p=0.005, confidence 
interval [CI] 0.99-6), and light smokers (p=0.053, CI 0.39-4.5). Heavy 
smokers significantly deteriorated in the 3-back task in comparison with 
non-smokers (p=0.006, CI 4-25.8), and light smokers (p=0.009, CI 3-24.4). No 
significant changes were seen between groups in the descending critical 
flicker fusion, the components of choice reaction time, and in 1-, 2- back 
working memory tests. Conclusion: Heavy smoking (high nicotine) enhances 
arousal, but impairs working memory capacity.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychomotor performance
  smoking
  tobacco dependence
  working memory
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  arousal
  article
  assessment of humans
  clinical article
  confidence interval
  controlled study
  critical flicker fusion
  Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Questionnaire
  human
  Iraq
  male
  medical student
  memory consolidation
  memory disorder
  prospective study
  response time
  smoking habit
  task performance
  university hospital
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Arabic
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011575316
MEDLINE PMID
  21983379 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21983379)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 462
TITLE
  Incorporating pharmacy services within a family medicine residency home 
visit program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dougherty T.M.
  Klusaritz H.A.
  Cronholm P.F.
  Kasbekar N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dougherty T.M.) Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Department of Family 
Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 
United States.
(Klusaritz H.A.; Cronholm P.F.) Department of Family Medicine and Community 
Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.
(Kasbekar N.) Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.M. Dougherty, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Department of Family 
Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (399e-400e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To evaluate patient-related medication and safety outcomes 
associated with pharmacist and pharmacy student involvement in a family 
medicine residency home visit program. METHODS: The home visit team at the 
University of Pennsylvania Family Medicine Residency consists of an 
attending, resident physician, social worker and pharmacist and/or pharmacy 
student. Patients are deemed appropriate home visit candidates for 
evaluation of: post-hospitalization/acute care follow-up, medication 
assessment/reconciliation, long-term care options, or environmental effect 
on illness. The pharmacy team evaluates medication taking habits at home, 
conducts medication reconciliation, provides counseling on adherence and 
medication use and recommends medication changes based on safety/efficacy 
concerns. Data on visit reason, adverse events, drug-related problems () and 
interventions was analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 48 patients visited, reasons for 
home evaluation were medication assessment (41%), post-hospitalization 
(31%), environment (21%), options (6%), other (3%). The pharmacy team 
identified 79 (mean 1.9/patient; range 1-7), the most common being adherence 
issues (52%). Others included overuse, underuse, taking a medication that 
was stopped, taking expired medications, duplicate therapy, low health 
literacy, incorrect administration, taking a medication to which an allergy 
exists, and side effects. Of those , 13 preventable adverse events () were 
identified and solved with pharmacy recommendations in 12 patients (27%). 
The were: continuing to take medications (, ) stopped due to adverse event 
(GI bleed, hypotension), taking lower or higher than prescribed doses (, 
insulin), duplication (), drug interaction necessitating change in therapy, 
crushing ER medications ( acid, ), patient allergic to sulfa recently 
started with new rash. A total of 30 pharmacy interventions were accepted 
including discontinuing medications, reducing cost of medications, delivery 
set-up, teaching, switching medications. CONCLUSION: Involvement of a 
pharmacist and pharmacy students within a family medicine residency home 
visit program can reduce drug-related problems and preventable adverse drug 
events.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acid
  insulin
  sulfanilamide
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  family medicine
  hospital department
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  allergy
  counseling
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  environment
  follow up
  general aspects of disease
  habit
  health literacy
  hospitalization
  human
  hypotension
  long term care
  medication therapy management
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  physician
  rash
  safety
  side effect
  social worker
  teaching
  therapy
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 463
TITLE
  Community pharmacy users' opinions of methadone substitution services
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gidman W.
  Coggans N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gidman W.; Coggans N.) University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W. Gidman, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 19 SUPPL. 2 (29-30). Date 
of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  Royal Pharmaceutical Society Conference 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  London, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-09-11 to 2011-09-12
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Heroin has accounted for most of the drug related morbidity and 
mortality in Europe since the 1970s1. Rates of problem opioid use are higher 
in Scotland than much of the world2. National comparisons indicate that 
methadone substitution therapy decreases mortality rates amongst opioid 
users and health policy supports these services1. Community pharmacists' 
involvement in providing methadone substitution services has increased over 
time3; the total bill for dispensing methadone rose in Scotland by 84% since 
2003/4 to £16,637,636 in 2008/9. Potentially the expansion of this service 
could affect other community pharmacy service users. To date few studies 
have considered pharmacy users' attitudes to methadone substitution 
services. Qualitative data from 2004 demonstrated that the majority of 
community pharmacy customers questioned were supportive of the methadone 
programme and understood why it was required4. Aim This study aimed to 
explore the attitudes of pharmacy users to methadone substitution services 
in Glasgow and Lanarkshire. Methods This study has university ethics 
committee approval. A short semi-structured questionnaire was developed on 
the basis of published literature to evaluate pharmacy customer's opinions 
on community pharmacy methadone substitution services. Researchers 
administered the questionnaire to 50 pharmacy users at six study sites (n = 
300) in February 2009. The sampling strategy aimed to gather representative 
data from pharmacy users in Glasgow and Lanarkshire. Study sites were 
purposively selected on the basis of deprivation ranking, pharmacy ownership 
(chainstore vs independent) and locality (city centre/residential). Data 
were entered into SPSS and descriptive statistics were generated. Chi 
squared tests were conducted to explore the effect of gender, age and study 
site on respondents' attitudes. (Table presented) Results The sample 
comprised 190 females (63%) and 110 males (37%); mean age was 45 years 
(range 17-87 years). The majority of pharmacy customers were supportive of 
the methadone programme. Most considered that the aim of the service was to 
achieve abstinence (73%) or to prevent crime (26%). Only 1% thought 
substitution therapy would prevent the spread of disease. Attitudes varied 
with gender and study site location. Males were more knowledgeable about 
harm reduction services in general. Females were more likely to stop using a 
pharmacy if it provided methadone services. Awareness of methadone services 
was higher in pharmacies located in deprived and residential areas. Support 
for community pharmacy methadone services was highest in city centre 
pharmacies in relatively affluent locations. Discussion Policy makers should 
consider whether providing methadone services in community pharmacies has a 
detrimental impact on other service users in some localities. It is not 
clear from this study whether respondents' attitudes are based on negative 
experiences or preconceived ideas. Future studies should further explore the 
impact of community pharmacy methadone services on neighbourhoods, pharmacy 
users, pharmacy workers and service uptake.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diamorphine
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  health care organization
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  city
  crime
  Europe
  female
  gender
  harm reduction
  health care policy
  male
  morbidity
  mortality
  organization and management
  pharmacist
  policy
  professional standard
  questionnaire
  residential area
  sampling
  statistics
  structured questionnaire
  substitution therapy
  United Kingdom
  university
  worker
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00145.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 464
TITLE
  Drug-related problems in diabetes and transplant patients: An observational 
study with home visits
AUTHOR NAMES
  Eichenberger P.M.
  Haschke M.
  Lampert M.L.
  Hersberger K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Eichenberger P.M.; Hersberger K.E., kurt.hersberger@unibas.ch) 
Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, Pharmazentrum, 
Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
(Haschke M.) Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital 
Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
(Lampert M.L.) Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cantonal Hospital Bruderholz, 
4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.E. Hersberger, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, 
Pharmazentrum, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Email: 
kurt.hersberger@unibas.ch
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:5 (815-823). Date of 
Publication: October 2011
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives To get insight into the medication management of diabetes type 2 
(DM) as well as solid organ transplant (Tx) patients and to analyse 
drug-related problems (DRPs) in order to explore opportunities for the 
provision of pharmaceutical care. Setting Seventy-nine Swiss community 
pharmacies offering internships for pharmacy students. Methods Diabetes and 
transplant patients were recruited in community pharmacies and were 
interviewed at home by fifth-year pharmacy students who were supervised by a 
trained investigator, using a specific interview guide developed for this 
study. Main outcome measure Pattern and frequency of DRPs and pattern of 
medication management. Results In total, 22 (Tx patients) and 54 (DM 
patients) home visits were carried out. Mean age of visited patients was 
71.4 ± 8.1 years (DM) and 52.6 ± 13.8 years (Tx). Overall, 37.0% (DM) and 
50.0% (Tx) of participants were female. We identified 7.4 ± 2.4 (mean ± SD) 
DRPs per visited patient, with considerable differences between Tx and DM 
patients (6.3 ± 1.7 vs. 7.8 ± 2.5). The most frequent DRPs were risk for 
nonadherence (DM: 61.1%; Tx: 77.3%), confusion of generic and trade names 
(DM: 74.1%; Tx: 27.3%), hoarding of over-the-counter medicines (DM: 48.1%; 
Tx: 4.5%) and prescription-only medicines (DM: 37.0%; Tx: 36.4%), gaps in 
knowledge about potential interactions (DM: 61.1%; Tx: 18.2%) and purpose of 
drugs (DM: 48.1%; Tx: 36.4%). Mean (SD) duration of the visits was 51.7 ± 
21.4 min. Conclusion Visiting Tx and DM patients in their homes allowed the 
identification of a wide range of opportunities for pharmaceutical care as 
well as specific DRPs which most probably would have escaped a medication 
review in the pharmacy. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  generic drug
  non prescription drug
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  graft recipient
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  organ transplantation
  pharmaceutical care
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  confusion
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  diabetic patient
  female
  health care delivery
  health survey
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medication therapy management
  observational study
  outcome assessment
  patient compliance
  patient education
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  pilot study
  priority journal
  prospective study
  risk assessment
  self report
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Endocrinology (3)
  Surgery (9)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011680946
MEDLINE PMID
  21811831 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21811831)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9542-x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 465
TITLE
  A pilot fee-for-service medication therapy management program in a geriatric 
primary care clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Linnebur S.A.
  Vande Griend J.P.
  Moore G.
  Girgis I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Linnebur S.A.; Vande Griend J.P.; Moore G.) University of Colorado, School 
of Pharmacy, Aurora, United States.
(Girgis I.) Colorado Access, Denver, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.A. Linnebur, University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, Aurora, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2011) 31:10 (400e-401e). Date of Publication: October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  2011 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-16 to 2011-10-19
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To describe the development and implementation of a pilot 
medication therapy management (MTM) program reimbursed as a fee-for-service 
through Medicare METHODS: A contract was negotiated between the University 
of Colorado School of Pharmacy to provide MTM services as covered benefits 
for all of the Geriatric Primary Care Clinic patients enrolled in the 
Medicare Advantage HMO plan sponsored by Colorado Access, a non-profit 
insurance provider. Two clinical pharmacists, with an established 
relationship with clinic providers and full access to the electronic medical 
record (EMR), provided the services. Unreimbursed MTM services have been 
provided at the clinic for over 10 years. MTM was performed face-to-face and 
over the phone. The number of billable visits was not limited. To aid in the 
MTM visits, the clinical pharmacists were allowed access to prescription 
claims data by Colorado Access. Changes to the patient's pharmacotherapy 
regimen were made in concert with the patient's healthcare provider and 
focused on: 1) medication reconciliation; 2) identification and resolution 
of drug-therapy problems, including non-adherence; 3) cost-saving through 
formulary management; and 4) patient-specific disease state and drug therapy 
education. RESULTS: Cognitive services (CPT codes 99605, 99606) and facility 
fees (99212, 99214) were remitted for payment. MTM services were reimbursed 
at a flat rate based on the visit type. During 2010, the service was offered 
to 68 members, 42 of whom met with a clinical pharmacist for at least one 
MTM visit. CONCLUSIONS: Full access to the EMR and prescription claims data 
allowed the pharmacists to provide high-level drug therapy recommendations. 
Having established relationships with clinic providers likely contributed to 
a high documented implementation rate for recommendations. For 2011, the 
contract was renegotiated for tiered reimbursement, based on the time and 
complexity of the visit, and was expanded to three additional clinics within 
the University system.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  college
  hospital
  medication therapy management
  primary medical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cost control
  drug therapy
  education
  electronic medical record
  health care personnel
  health maintenance organization
  human
  insurance
  medicare
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  profit
  publication
  reimbursement
  school
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 466
TITLE
  Pharmacovigilance
AUTHOR NAMES
  Torvi J.R.
  Hunashal R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Torvi J.R.; Hunashal R.) Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka Institute of 
Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.R. Torvi, Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka Institute of Medical 
Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences (2011) 2:4 (95-103). Date 
of Publication: October-December 2011
ISSN
  0975-6299 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 103, Bhagwan Towers, 7th 
Line, Muthyal Reddy Nagar,, Amaravathi Road, Guntur,, India.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction India has more than half a million qualified doctors and 15,000 
hospitals having bed strength of 6,24,000. Many new drugs are being 
introduced in our country. The development of a better system of reporting 
ADRs has been recommended as a top priority action to prevent ADRs and ADEs. 
According to WHO Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to 
the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects 
and any other drug related problem. Nature of Work The ADR monitoring centre 
will prepare a plan and educate the pharmacovigilance staff with regard to 
data collection and verification, interpreting and coding of adverse 
reaction description, coding of drugs, case causality assessment, signal 
detection and risk management.The pharmacovigilance centre will conduct the 
seminars and workshops to educate and train all the healthcare 
professionals, who are the source of information in pharmacovigilance, 
Conclusion Greater integration of pharmacovigilance into clinical practice 
is still needed. Hence, active participation of all the healthcare 
professionals is very important to make pharmacovigilance, a successful 
national programme.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse outcome
  clinical practice
  cost benefit analysis
  cost effectiveness analysis
  disease severity
  drug efficacy
  drug monitoring
  drug safety
  education program
  health care policy
  human
  India
  medical education
  review
  risk assessment
  risk benefit analysis
  signal detection
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012020378
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 467
TITLE
  Pharmacoepidemiological studies of prescribing practices of health care 
providers of Pakistan: A cross sectional survey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hussain S.
  Malik F.
  Hameed A.
  Parveen G.
  Raja F.Y.
  Riaz H.
  Shafaat S.
  Wajid A.
  Channa R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hussain S., shshaikh2001@yahoo.com; Malik F.; Parveen G.; Raja F.Y.; 
Shafaat S.; Wajid A.; Channa R.A.) National Institute of Health, 
Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
(Hameed A.) Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, 
Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
(Riaz H.) School of Pharmacy, Sargodha University, Sargodha, Pakistan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Hussain, National Institute of Health, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan. Email: 
shshaikh2001@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (2011) 5:12 (1484-1493). Date 
of Publication: 29 Sep 2011
ISSN
  1996-0816 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academic Journals, P.O. Box 5170-00200, Nairobi,Victoria Island, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
  Half of all medicines are prescribed or sold inappropriately and half of all 
patients fail to take their medicines correctly worldwide. The present study 
was conducted to evaluate the pattern and practice of drugs within the 
modern medical system by investigating the prescription pattern, drug use in 
private and public health care facilities, assessment of the magnitude of 
the problem, identifying factors responsible for the problem, suggesting 
measures in Pakistan. There were marked differences between the qualities of 
consultation indicators between general practitioners (GPs) and public 
health care providers. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.92 
for all types of health care providers, mean number of drugs dispensed was 
2.41 and 50% of the dispensed drugs were adequately labeled. Five categories 
of drugs comprised around 70% of all drugs prescribed. Injections prescribed 
per prescription were 0.32, infusions 0.07, capsules/tablets 1.85, 
syrups/suspensions 0.8. Number of drugs prescribed by GP's was 4.3 and was 
2.9 (P = 0.001) for public health care providers and antibiotics prescribed 
per prescription were 0.9 and 0.8 (P = 0.176) for the GP's and public health 
care providers. The availability of drugs at public health care facilities 
influenced prescription in 88% of cases as compared to 57% (P = 0.001) at 
GPs clinics. Prescribing and dispensing practices are irrational both in 
public and private sector in Pakistan like many developing countries. 
Workable and appropriate interventions need to be developed and implemented 
in countries to improve trends of prescribing. The essential drug list and 
standard treatment guidelines should be disbursed to all medical, dental and 
pharmacy students. © 2011 Academic Journals.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care practice
  pharmacoepidemiology
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical indicator
  consultation
  controlled study
  cross-sectional study
  drug control
  drug misuse
  drug use
  female
  general practitioner
  health care availability
  health care facility
  health care personnel
  human
  information dissemination
  major clinical study
  male
  Pakistan
  patient referral
  physician attitude
  public health service
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011586845
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 468
TITLE
  Implementing an interdisciplinary pain management center for patients with 
chronic pain
AUTHOR NAMES
  Poffenberger N.
  Weickum R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Poffenberger N.; Weickum R., ricke.weickum@us.army.mil) Madigan Army 
Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Poffenberger, Madigan Army Medical Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2011) 51:5 (647). Date of 
Publication: September-October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  Joint Forces Pharmacy Seminar, JFPS 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dallas, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-30 to 2011-11-03
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Describe the development of an interdisciplinary pain management 
center designed to improve care of patients with chronic pain. Discuss the 
role of clinical pharmacists supporting this center. Methods: Managing 
patients with acute and chronic pain is a medical and political imperative. 
The 2010 Army Surgeon General's Comprehensive Pain Management Campaign Plan 
provided guidelines, tools, and initiatives for military treatment 
facilities (MTFs) to implement improvements in the management of acute and 
chronic pain. At this medical center, we created the Interdisciplinary Pain 
Management Center (IMPC), a referral center comprising providers from 
multiple disciplines dedicated to the care of patients with chronic pain. 
Assigned providers included physicians with expertise in pain management, 
health psychologists, a physiatrist, physical and occupational therapists, 
acupuncturists, nurse clinicians, a case manager, a pain educator, an 
addiction specialist, and clinical pharmacists. Patients receive a 
comprehensive pain assessment that includes a health history, physical and 
psychological evaluation, medication history review/reconciliation, and risk 
assessment for potential comorbid conditions and substance abuse risk 
factors. Patients are enrolled in opioid treatment and sole prescriber 
agreements. Multimodal therapy, including alternative medicine and 
self-management education, is offered at the center. Clinical pharmacists 
are involved in all aspects of care, including pharmacotherapy planning, 
risk assessment, medication reconciliation, adherence monitoring, dose 
tapering/withdrawal, drug screening, and medication education. This poster 
describes the pharmacists' roles and responsibilities.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  chronic pain
  human
  patient
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  alternative medicine
  army
  case manager
  drug screening
  drug therapy
  education
  health
  medical specialist
  medication therapy management
  monitoring
  nurse
  occupational therapist
  pain
  pain assessment
  pharmacist
  physical medicine
  physician
  planning
  psychologic assessment
  psychologist
  responsibility
  risk assessment
  risk factor
  self care
  substance abuse
  surgeon
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2011.11542
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 469
TITLE
  Effect of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on vincristine-induced 
neuropathy in mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Abad A.N.A.
  Nouri M.H.K.
  Tavakkoli F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Abad A.N.A., ali.namvaran@gmail.com; Tavakkoli F.) Young Researchers Club, 
Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
(Nouri M.H.K.) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of 
Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.N.A. Abad, Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 
Tabriz, Iran. Email: ali.namvaran@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (2011) 9:5 (354-358). Date of 
Publication: September 2011
ISSN
  1875-5364
  1875-5364 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, Editorial Board, 24 Tong-jia Xiang, 
Nanjing, China.
ABSTRACT
  Aim: Vincristine is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs to 
treat a variety of malignant diseases, including leukemia and lymphoma. 
Studies have shown that vincristine cause painful effects, whereas Salvia 
officinalis (SO) showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of 
this study is to investigate the effects of the SO hydro-alcoholic extract 
on vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice in comparison with 
morphine. Methods: Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighing 
25-30 g divided into six groups. The individual groups received normal 
saline, SO hydro-alcoholic extract, vincristine, SO hydro-alcoholic extract 
and vincristine (12 days before formalin test), morphine, and vincristine 
and morphine, respectively. The injected hind paw biting and licking was 
measured in a 5-minute interval for one hour. Results: The results showed 
that formalin induce significant (P < 0.05) pain responses (the first phase: 
0-5 min and the second phase: 15-40 min after injection). Administration of 
SO extract before formalin test showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease of 
pain response in the second phase. Administration of vincristine caused 
significant (P < 0.05) increase in the second phase of pain response. 
Injections of SO extract and vincristine showed that SO significantly (P < 
0.05) decrease the second phase of vincristine-induced pain. Morphine 
decreased vincristine-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin 
test significantly (P < 0.05). In comparison, morphine showed analgesic 
effects in the first phase and SO extract showed significant (P < 0.05) 
anti-inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test. Conclusion: 
Both SO and vincristine showed analgesic and painful neuropathic effects, 
suggesting that SO extract could be useful in the treatment of 
vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. © 2011 China Pharmaceutical 
University.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Salvia officinalis extract (drug combination, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol (drug therapy)
  formaldehyde
  morphine (drug combination, drug comparison, drug therapy, intraperitoneal 
drug administration)
  sodium chloride
  vincristine
  vincristine sulfate (drug combination, drug therapy, intravenous drug 
administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  neuropathic pain (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  peripheral neuropathy (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesic activity
  animal experiment
  animal model
  antiinflammatory activity
  article
  bite
  body weight
  controlled study
  drug effect
  licking
  male
  mouse
  nonhuman
  pain
  Salvia officinalis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  formaldehyde (50-00-0)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
  vincristine (57-22-7)
  vincristine sulfate (2068-78-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011541029
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1009.2011.00354
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 470
TITLE
  Pioneering approach to supporting national medication take-back programs at 
the military treatment facility
AUTHOR NAMES
  White S.
  Fletcher K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (White S., shaun.white.2@us.af.mil) Lackland Air Force Base, United States.
(Fletcher K.) Brooke Army Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. White, Lackland Air Force Base, United States. Email: 
shaun.white.2@us.af.mil
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2011) 51:5 (658-659). Date 
of Publication: September-October 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  Joint Forces Pharmacy Seminar, JFPS 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dallas, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-10-30 to 2011-11-03
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To serve as a benchmark in supplementing medication take-back 
programs in the military treatment facility (MTF) and provide baseline 
information for comparison with future programs that encourage the judicious 
use and proper disposal of medications while discouraging diversion. 
Methods: Clinical pharmacy representatives partnered with the Drug 
Enforcement Administration (DEA), local law enforcement, and the Army 
Substance Abuse Program (ASAP) to support the collection of unused 
medications. The clinical pharmacy representative functioned to advise, 
educate, and promote awareness of safety benefits involved with the proper 
disposal of excess medications. Accepting, handling, and disposing of 
medications was overseen by DEA, local law enforcement, and ASAP. The MTF 
provided two medication drop-off points where beneficiaries could 
anonymously turn in prescription medicines. Law enforcement, ASAP, and 
clinical pharmacy representatives were available at each site for a total of 
8 hours. Sites accepted solid oral dosage formulations but could not accept 
injectables. Results: Screening revealed that many patients are confused 
about how to approach disposal of drugs and, as a result, hold on to 
undesired medications. Disposal centers are apparently lacking in many 
communities. The program allowed for counseling to increase awareness in 35 
people who turned in medications. Approximately 450 unneeded prescriptions 
were dropped off, weighing more than 120 pounds. This effort translated into 
safer homes and communities, in addition to betterinformed military and 
civilian populations. Conclusion: There is a demand for information and 
resources to orchestrate the proper disposal of unwanted medications; 
however, this demand is unmet in many communities. Providing support for 
drug take-back programs can serve as a resource to provide proper disposal 
of medications and to demystify what patients can do with unneeded 
medications to promote safety.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  army
  drug therapy
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical pharmacy
  community
  counseling
  government
  human
  law enforcement
  patient
  population
  prescription
  safety
  screening
  solid
  substance abuse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2011.11542
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 471
TITLE
  The performance of loghman-hakim drug and poison information center from 
2006 to 2008
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shadnia S.
  Soltaninejad K.
  Sohrabi F.
  Rezvani M.
  Barari B.
  Abdollahi M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shadnia S.; Sohrabi F.; Rezvani M.; Barari B.; Abdollahi M., 
mohammad@tums.ac.ir) Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center, Faculty of 
Medicine and Toxicological Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of 
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Soltaninejad K.) Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research 
Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
(Shadnia S.; Soltaninejad K.; Sohrabi F.; Rezvani M.; Barari B.) 
Loghman-Hakim Drug and Poison Information Center, Shahid Beheshti University 
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Abdollahi M., mohammad@tums.ac.ir) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical 
Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 
Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Abdollahi, Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine and 
Toxicological Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical 
Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: mohammad@tums.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:3 (647-652). Date of 
Publication: September 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Drug and poison information centers have a critical role in fulfillment of 
rational drug use programs. The Loghman-Hakim Drug and Poison Information 
Center (LHDPIC) has been established in 2006. The main mission of this 
center is to provide accurate, unbiased and upto- date information on 
medications and poisons for the health care team and the public. This center 
has received more than 9000 telephone calls since its establishment. The aim 
of this study was to evaluate the recorded queries in the LHDPIC in the past 
3 years. A descriptive analysis was conducted on all recorded inquiries to 
the center from March 2006 to March 2008. Data such as patient age and sex, 
identity of the callers, question categories and information resources were 
obtained from the recorded calls and were analyzed. During the period of 
evaluation, a total of 9694 telephone calls were recorded. The patients' age 
ranged between 18-40 years old (49.42%) containing 61% female and 39% male. 
Most of the recorded calls were from patients' relatives (49%) and then the 
patients (45.2%) themselves. The most frequent questions were about drug 
indications (24%), adverse drug reactions (20.14%) and drug evaluation 
(17.64%). Antidepressants (12.42%), antimicrobials (12%) and analgesics 
(11.17%) were the most frequent drug classes that were inquired. The LHDPIC 
has an important role for providing of drug information for the lay public, 
but more efforts are still needed to encourage health care professionals to 
utilize services provided by this center. © 2011 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  agents acting on the eye
  analgesic agent (adverse drug reaction, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  anesthetic agent
  antiangina pectoris agent
  antiarrhythmic agent
  anticonvulsive agent
  antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  antidiabetic agent
  antidote
  antigout agent
  antihypertensive agent
  antiinfective agent (adverse drug reaction, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  antilipemic agent
  antiparkinson agent
  antirheumatic agent
  aphrodisiac agent
  cosmetic
  dermatological agent
  diagnostic agent
  digitalis
  gastrointestinal agent
  herbaceous agent
  immunologic agent
  mineral
  neuroleptic agent
  plasma substitute
  sedative agent
  unindexed drug
  vaccine
  vitamin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug information
  information center
  performance
  poison center
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alternative medicine
  article
  data analysis
  demography
  descriptive research
  doctor patient relation
  drug abuse
  drug classification
  drug contraindication
  drug incompatibility
  drug indication
  drug screening
  drug stability
  drug storage
  female
  general practitioner
  health care personnel
  human
  lactation
  major clinical study
  male
  medical record
  medical specialist
  medical staff
  pharmacist
  pregnancy
  teleconsultation
  total parenteral nutrition
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  digitalis (8031-42-3, 8053-83-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012085286
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 472
TITLE
  Effects of hydroalcoholic extract from salvia verticillata on 
pharmacological models of seizure, anxiety and depression in mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Naderi N.
  Akhavan N.
  Ahari F.A.
  Zamani N.
  Kamalinejad M.
  Shokrzadeh M.
  Ahangar N.
  Motamedi F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Naderi N., naderi@sbmu.ac.ir; Motamedi F.) Neuroscience Research Center, 
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Akhavan N.; Shokrzadeh M.; Ahangar N.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran 
University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
(Ahari F.A.; Zamani N.) Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti 
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Naderi N., naderi@sbmu.ac.ir; Kamalinejad M.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid 
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Naderi, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of 
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: naderi@sbmu.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:3 (535-545). Date of 
Publication: September 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Salvia verticillata is one of the salvia species which possesses remarkable 
antioxidant activity. In the present study, we investigated the possible 
effects of hydro-alcoholic extract from Salvia verticillata plant (SVE) in 
various models of anxiety, depression and seizure in mice. Mice were 
randomly divided into control (saline), SVE-treated and standard treatment 
groups. The SVE-treated groups received oral administration of various doses 
of SVE. As a standard treatment, diazepam and imipramine were used orally 
for anxiety/seizure and depression tests, respectively. The results of the 
study revealed that the plant extract produced significant anticonvulsant 
activity in maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol induced seizure 
models. Moreover, in forced swim test and tail suspension test of 
depression, SVE produced significant antidepressant effect in mice compared 
to control group. However, SVE did not show any effects on anxiety-like 
behavior of mice in elevated plus maze and light-dark tests. These results 
suggest potential therapeutic effects of the plant extract in seizure and 
depression. © 2011 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  plant extract (oral drug administration, pharmacology)
  Salvia verticillata extract (drug comparison, oral drug administration, 
pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diazepam (drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  imipramine (drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  pentetrazole
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anxiety disorder (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  depression (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  medicinal plant
  Salvia verticillata
  seizure (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  anticonvulsant activity
  antidepressant activity
  article
  controlled study
  electric shock
  forced swim test
  locomotion
  maze test
  mouse
  nonhuman
  open field test
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  pentetrazole (54-95-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Epilepsy Abstracts (50)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012085272
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 473
TITLE
  Smoking habit: Prevalence, attitudes and behaviour among medical students in 
Casablanca in 2010
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zaghba N.
  Yassine N.
  Hayat L.
  Serheir Z.
  Elfadi K.
  Rahibi I.
  Hilali S.
  Ech-Cherrat A.
  Mounaji F.
  Bakhatar A.
  Bahlaoui A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zaghba N.; Yassine N.; Hayat L.; Serheir Z.; Elfadi K.; Rahibi I.; Hilali 
S.; Ech-Cherrat A.; Mounaji F.; Bakhatar A.; Bahlaoui A.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Zaghba,
SOURCE
  European Respiratory Journal (2011) 38 SUPPL. 55. Date of Publication: 1 Sep 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Amsterdam, Netherlands
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-09-24 to 2011-09-28
ISSN
  0903-1936
BOOK PUBLISHER
  European Respiratory Society
ABSTRACT
  The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of smoking in medical 
students, and by the way to sensitize against the habit and to know their 
attitudes and behaviour in their future exercise. We carried out a 
cross-sectional survey from February to March 2010 among 736 medical 
students enrolled in the university of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca 
during the academic year 2009-2010. Ninety seven percent of students 
answered the questionnaire: 61.5% were female 61.5%), mean age 21 years. The 
prevalence of permanent or occasional smoking was 8% with little variation 
according to the study year. Smoking was significantly higher among male 
(16% versus 2.7% in female). The mean daily consumption of cigarettes was 8. 
The duration of smoking was 6 months or more for 82% and 70% of smokers were 
slightly or not addicted to nicotine according to the FAGERSTRÖM's scale. 
More than half of the students (58%) had already tried to quit and 52% plan 
to do so within 5 years. The main triggering reason for quitting was the 
occurrence of symptoms (66%). Most students knew that smoking is harmful to 
health (92%). Among tobacco risks the respiratory ones were the best known. 
Only 39% of the students contemplate to systematically warn their smoking 
patients against tobacco's risks. Majority of them (71%) were not aware 
about the existence of an antitobacco law. But they called for a ban on 
selling tobacco to children as well as training health workers to help 
smoking patients to quit. In comparison with some years ago, there is a 
significant decrease in smoking habit in medical students, may be thanks to 
a steady and continuing educational effort since the induction of a teaching 
program in 1983.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  European
  human
  medical student
  prevalence
  smoking habit
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  child
  exercise
  female
  habit
  health
  health care personnel
  male
  patient
  pharmacy
  questionnaire
  risk
  smoking
  student
  teaching
  tobacco
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 474
TITLE
  Place aversion by morphine in offspring born of female morphine administered 
wistar rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Karami M.
  Zarrindast M.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Karami M., karami@shahed.ac.ir) Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic 
Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
(Karami M., karami@shahed.ac.ir) Basic Sciences Research Center, Shahed 
University, Tehran, Iran.
(Zarrindast M.R.) Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran 
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Karami, Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed 
University, Tehran, Iran. Email: karami@shahed.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:3 (577-584). Date of 
Publication: September 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  This research was designed to study sexual differences in place conditioning 
induced by morphine in offspring born of female Wistar rats mated with 
drug-naïve males. Mothers were exposed to morphine during the 14(th)-16(th) 
days of gestational. Control dams were simply saline-injected. Female and 
male virgin offspring born of morphine-treated or saline-treated mothers 
were separately housed until become fully matured. A 3-day schedule of an 
unbiased conditioning procedure was used to the induce conditioning to 
morphine (2.5-7.5 mg/Kg, SC) in the offspring. According to the results, 
female offspring born of saline-administered mothers were morphine 
place-conditioned at lower doses of opioid (2.5 mg/Kg) in comparison to the 
males. An increase in locomotor activity in the females at 7.5 mg/Kg of 
opioid was also revealed. In contrast, administration of morphine (2.5-7.5 
mg/Kg, SC), induced a significant aversion in either sexes of offspring born 
of morphine-exposed mothers. Moreover, female offspring of this category 
acquired more pronounced aversion at higher doses of morphine than males. In 
addition, a significant morphine-dose effect (7.5 mg/Kg, SC) on locomotor 
activity of these females' offspring was observed. This study may highlight 
sex differences in conditioning effects induced by morphine between 
offspring derived of morphine-treated mothers and those of saline-treated. © 
2011 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine (drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aversion therapy
  opiate addiction
  prenatal exposure
  sex difference
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  behavior therapy
  body weight
  conditioning
  controlled study
  female
  gestational age
  locomotion
  male
  maternal behavior
  nonhuman
  rat
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Obstetrics and Gynecology (10)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012085277
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 475
TITLE
  Biphasic effects of naloxone in the rats receiving morphine overdose a place 
preference study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Karimi S.
  Karami M.
  Zardooz H.
  Salimi S.H.
  Sahraei H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Karimi S.; Karami M.) Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahed 
University, Tehran, Iran.
(Zardooz H.) Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti 
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Salimi S.H.) Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah 
(A.S.), University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Sahraei H., h.sahrei@bmsu.ac.ir) Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah 
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Sahraei, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahed University, 
Tehran, Iran. Email: h.sahrei@bmsu.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:3 (605-610). Date of 
Publication: September 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Downward phase of dose-response morphine converted U shape curve was chosen 
as a base for investigating the effects of different doses of naloxone 
(0.05-0.4 mg/Kg) on morphine reward/aversion properties using place 
preference method. First, male Wistar rats (200-220 g) were received 
morphine (1-7.5 mg/Kg) for place conditioning and marginal dose of morphine 
(5 mg/Kg) calculated by GraphPad software. In the next part, the animals 
received different naloxone challenge doses (0.05-0.4 mg/Kg; IP) on the test 
day. Animals' behavior was monitored using a video camera during the test 
session. Time spent in each compartment was calculated as the main sign of 
drug seeking behavior. In addition, numbers of rearing and sniffing as well 
as locomotion activity for each animal were counted as important 
dopamine-dependent behavioral signs. More over, the total compartment 
crossing by each animal as the sign of decision making was also counted. Our 
results indicated that naloxone showed biphasic effects on the appearance of 
morphine-induced place preference. The antagonist potentiates the expression 
of morphine-induced place preference on the dose of 0.05 and 0.4 mg/Kg while 
inhibits the morphine effect on the dose of 0.1 mg/Kg. On the other hand, 
the total animal sniffing, rearing, locomotion, and compartment entering 
were not significantly changed among the groups. It could be concluded that 
the inhibition of opioid receptors may enhance or inhibit the expression of 
morphine reward according to the naloxone dose, which in turn indicate the 
influence of several opioid receptor in this regard. In addition, opioid 
receptor blocking did not enhance the signs of drug seeking behavior linked 
to the activity of mesolimbic dopamine system. © 2011 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine
  naloxone (pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  place preference
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal behavior
  animal experiment
  article
  aversive behavior
  conditioning
  controlled study
  drug seeking behavior
  locomotion
  male
  nonhuman
  provocation test
  rat
  rearing
  reward
  sniffing
  television camera
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)Sigma
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2012085280
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 476
TITLE
  Integration of pharmacy students within a level II trauma center.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Petrie J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Petrie J.L.) School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, 
USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.L. Petrie, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, USA. 
Email: jpetrie@uwyo.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2011) 75:6 (121). Date of 
Publication: 10 Aug 2011
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To integrate fourth-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students within a level 
II trauma center team to improve their patient care and professional 
communication skills. PharmD students completed 2 consecutive 4-week 
internal medicine APPEs during the course of their fourth year, which 
included approximately 5 weeks working on an interprofessional trauma team. 
During patient rounds with the interprofessional trauma team, students 
provided patient care in a stepwise approach, drug information responses, 
patient counseling, and other services requested by team members. 
Ability-based outcomes (ABOs) assessment, faculty evaluations, and student 
self-assessment were conducted in the following areas: effective 
communication, drug therapy assessment and decision making, critical 
thinking and problem solving, and drug information retrieval. Students' mean 
score in these areas was 3.8 on a 5-point scale. Areas in which students 
needed improvement included: providing recommendations in a timely manner, 
self-confidence, identifying opportunity to verbally communicate with other 
team members, and addressing insecurities when answering drug information 
questions posed by the team. Integrating fourth-year PharmD students within 
a trauma and acute surgery team and use of ABO assessment allowed for 
identification of areas of the curriculum in which improvements were needed, 
resulting in a more targeted approach earlier in the curriculum to improve 
students' abilities to provide appropriate and effective patient care in an 
interprofessional setting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical competence
  curriculum
  education
  injury (drug therapy)
  pharmacy student
  problem based learning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  counseling
  drug information
  emergency health service
  human
  interpersonal communication
  methodology
  patient care
  self evaluation
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21931459 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21931459)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 477
TITLE
  Clinical Pharmacist at a geriatric ward
AUTHOR NAMES
  Storm A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Storm A., ann.storm@unn.no) Hospital Pharmacy of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Storm, Hospital Pharmacy of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. Email: 
ann.storm@unn.no
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:4 (704). Date of 
Publication: August 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  ESCP International Workshop on Geriatrics, 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Utrecht, Netherlands
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-05 to 2011-05-06
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Background and Objective The Hospital Pharmacy of Tromsø wants to expand the 
use of clinical pharmacists at the University Hospital of North Norway 
(UNN). A clinical pharmacist (hereafter pharmacist) worked at the geriatric 
ward for a 6 months study period. The geriatric ward was chosen because 
polypharmacy combined with altered pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and 
physiology of the elderly increase the risk of drug-related problems (DRP). 
Aim of the study: Identify the need for a pharmacist at the geriatric ward 
Determine the future tasks of the pharmacist Design A pharmacist formed part 
of the interdisciplinary team at the geriatric ward in a 20% position during 
the period 1.3.2010 to 31.8.2010. The pharmacist performed medication review 
for admitted patients once a week. Identified DRPs were classified in 
accordance with the Norwegian DRP classification system (1). The DRPs were 
discussed with nurses and physicians in patient discussion meetings once a 
week. The pharmacist also supported the quality assurance on system level in 
terms of literature review on drug-related questions and lectures related to 
medication use at the physicians' morning meetings. The project was 
evaluated by nurses and physicians in a questionnaire at the end of the 
study period. Setting University Hospital of North Norway (UNN). Main 
Outcome Measures Drug related problems: Characteristics, frequency and 
response to pharmacist advice AND Physicians' and nurses' experience on 
pharmacist participation in the multidisciplinary team. Results Among 90 
patients, 184 DRPs were identified in 68 patients (76%), i.e. on average 2 
(SD 1.8) DRP per patient. The pharmacist advice was taken into account for a 
total of 141 (77%) DRPs. For 32 (17%), advices were taken notice of and 11 
(6%) were not agreed upon. The three most frequent DRPs were 'drug 
selection' (n = 40), 'dosage' (n = 39) and need or lack of monitoring (n = 
38). Two physicians (100%) and four nurses (100%) answered the questionnaire 
and reported that they had benefited from the clinical pharmacist. They also 
believed that the pharmacist could contribute to quality assurance, both on 
a patient and a system level. Conclusions A pharmacist participating in the 
multidisciplinary team uncovered and prevented DRPs at the geriatric ward. 
In addition, advices on pharmaceutical topics were provided. Physicians as 
well as nurses recognized the benefits of a pharmacist and were positive to 
include the pharmacist in the multidisciplinary team. After the project 
period, the pharmacist has been employed by the hospital in a 20% position 
at the geriatric ward. The following tasks for the pharmacist are defined 
as: - Medication review and participation in weekly meetings with the 
multidisciplinary team - Availability during normal working hours by phone, 
mail and Paging - Pharmaceutical professional posts at morning meetings once 
a Month In addition, the gastric and kidney disease ward requested a 30% 
clinical pharmacist position.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  geriatrics
  hospital pharmacy
  pharmacist
  ward
  workshop
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  classification
  drug therapy
  hospital
  hospital patient
  human
  kidney disease
  monitoring
  Norway
  nurse
  patient
  pharmacodynamics
  pharmacokinetics
  physician
  physiology
  polypharmacy
  quality control
  questionnaire
  risk
  university hospital
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9528-8
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 478
TITLE
  Role of a psychiatric pharmacist in a Los Angeles "Skid-Row" safety-net 
clinic.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wang I.
  Dopheide J.A.
  Gregerson P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wang I.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Economics and 
Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA.
(Dopheide J.A.; Gregerson P.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I. Wang, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Economics and 
Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA.
SOURCE
  Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 
(2011) 88:4 (718-723). Date of Publication: Aug 2011
ISSN
  1468-2869 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Limited access to a psychiatrist prompted a collaborative practice agreement 
between a psychiatric pharmacist, a psychiatric pharmacy resident, and 
primary care physicians at the Center for Community Health, a safety-net 
clinic providing comprehensive care to the homeless in Skid Row, Los 
Angeles, CA, USA. From July 2009 to February 2010, 36 (75%) of the 48 
patients referred to the psychiatric pharmacy resident met the criteria for 
the chart review. Twenty-six (54%) were seen for regular follow-up care over 
7 months. Most referrals were for depression, bipolar disorder, and 
posttraumatic stress disorder. The types of drug therapy problems, 
pharmacist interventions, and clinical mental health outcomes are discussed.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  homelessness
  mental health service
  outpatient department
  patient care
  pharmacist
  professional standard
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  female
  health care delivery
  health disparity
  health service
  human
  male
  mental disease (drug therapy)
  mental health
  middle aged
  nonparametric test
  organization and management
  patient referral
  psychological aspect
  psychometry
  questionnaire
  statistics
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21512832 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512832)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 479
TITLE
  Prenatal exposure to ethanol: Toxicity, biomarkers and detection methods
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Exposição pré-natal ao etanol: Toxicidade, biomarcadores e métodos de 
detecção
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cassini C.
  Linden R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cassini C.) Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo 
Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
(Linden R., rafael.linden@feevale.br) Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, 
Universidade Feevale, Rodovia RS 239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Linden, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia RS 
239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil. Email: rafael.linden@feevale.br
SOURCE
  Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica (2011) 38:3 (116-121). Date of Publication: 
2011
ISSN
  0101-6083
  1806-938X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lemos Editorial e Graficos Ltda, Rua Rui Barbosa 70, Bela Vista, Sao Paulo 
SP, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Prenatal exposure to ethanol can produce a complex set of 
effects on fetal development, which is denominated fetal alcohol spectrum 
disorder (FASD). Early detection of ethanol exposure can allow the 
prevention of some relevant adverse effects associated to FASD. Objectives: 
The aim of this work was to review the main toxic effects of ethanol on the 
neonate and the available biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure. Methods: 
A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed employing the terms "effects 
maternal ethanol exposure" and "biomarkers ethanol prenatal exposure" and 
cross references. Results: Many adverse effects on fetal development were 
described, especially deficits in the central nervous system. The biomarkers 
of ethanol exposure more widely described were fatty acid ethyl esters 
(FAEEs), ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulphate (EtS), being meconium 
and hair the most common biological matrices for laboratorial evaluation. 
Discussion: The early detection of alcohol exposure in intra-uterine life is 
useful to prevent the secondary effects of FASD through pharmacologic and 
educational intervention in affected children.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol (drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  biological marker (endogenous compound)
  ethyl glucuronide
  ethyl sulfate
  fatty acid ester
  sulfate
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol intoxication (diagnosis)
  prenatal exposure
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system disease
  early diagnosis
  fetus development
  hair
  human
  laboratory test
  meconium
  newborn
  review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  ethyl glucuronide (17685-04-0)
  ethyl sulfate (540-82-9)
  sulfate (14808-79-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Developmental Biology and Teratology (21)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Portuguese
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Portuguese
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011387180
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832011000300006
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 480
TITLE
  The initial pharmaceutical development of an artesunate/amodiaquine oral 
formulation for the treatment of malaria: A public-private partnership
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lacaze C.
  Kauss T.
  Kiechel J.-R.
  Caminiti A.
  Fawaz F.
  Terrassin L.
  Cuart S.
  Grislain L.
  Navaratnam V.
  Ghezzoul B.
  Gaudin K.
  White N.J.
  Olliaro P.L.
  Millet P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lacaze C., catherine.lacaze@club-internet.fr; Terrassin L., 
lterrassin@substipharm.com; Cuart S., cuart@bertin.fr; Grislain L., 
grislain@bertin.fr) Ellipse Pharmaceuticals, Pessac, France.
(Kauss T., tina.kauss@u-bordeaux2.fr; Fawaz F., fawaz.fawaz@usj.edu.lb; 
Gaudin K., karen.gaudin@u-bordeaux2.fr; Millet P., 
pascal.millet@u-bordeaux2.fr) EA Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development 
Applied to Neglected Diseases and Counterfeit Drugs, University Bordeaux 
Segalen, Bordeaux, France.
(Kiechel J.-R., jean-rene.kiechel@wanadoo.fr) Drugs for Neglected Diseases 
Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland.
(Caminiti A., antonella.caminiti@u-bordeaux2.fr; Millet P., 
pascal.millet@u-bordeaux2.fr) Tropival, University Bordeaux Segalen, 
Bordeaux, France.
(Navaratnam V., nava@usm.my) Centre for Drug Research, University Sains 
Malaysia, Malaysia.
(Ghezzoul B., bellabes.ghezzoul@chu-bordeaux.fr) Pharmacie, CHU Pellegrin, 
Bordeaux, France.
(White N.J., nickwdt@tropmedres.ac; Olliaro P.L., olliarop@who.int) Nuffield 
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, 
United Kingdom.
(Olliaro P.L., olliarop@who.int) UNICEF/UNDP/WB/WHO Special Program for 
Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Geneva, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Lacaze, Ellipse Pharmaceuticals, Pessac, France. Email: 
catherine.lacaze@club-internet.fr
SOURCE
  Malaria Journal (2011) 10 Article Number: 142. Date of Publication: 2011
ISSN
  1475-2875 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6, 236 Gray's Inn Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is currently recommended 
worldwide for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Fixed-dose 
combinations are preferred as they favour compliance. This paper reports on 
the initial phases of the pharmaceutical development of an 
artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) bilayer co-formulation tablet, undertaken 
following pre-formulation studies by a network of scientists and industrials 
from institutions of both industrialized and low income countries. Methods. 
Pharmaceutical development was performed by a research laboratory at the 
University Bordeaux Segalen, School of Pharmacy, for feasibility and early 
stability studies of various drug formulations, further transferred to a 
company specialized in pharmaceutical development, and then provided to 
another company for clinical batch manufacturing. The work was conducted by 
a regional public-private not-for-profit network (TropiVal) within a larger 
Public Private partnership (the FACT project), set up by WHO/TDR, Médecins 
Sans Frontières and the Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi). 
Results: The main pharmaceutical goal was to combine in a solid oral form 
two incompatible active principles while preventing artesunate degradation 
under tropical conditions. Several options were attempted and failed to 
provide satisfactory stability results: incorporating artesunate in the 
external phase of the tablets, adding a pH regulator, alcoholic wet 
granulation, dry granulation, addition of an hydrophobic agent, tablet 
manufacturing in controlled conditions. However, long-term stability could 
be achieved, in experimental batches under GMP conditions, by physical 
separation of artesunate and amodiaquine in a bilayer co-formulation tablet 
in alu-alu blisters. Conduction of the workplan was monitored by DNDi. 
Conclusions: Collaborations between research and industrial groups greatly 
accelerated the process of development of the bi-layered ASAQ tablet. Lack 
of public funding was the main obstacle hampering the development process, 
and no intellectual property right was claimed. This approach resulted in a 
rapid technology transfer to the drug company Sanofi-Aventis, finalizing the 
process of development, registration and WHO pre-qualification of the 
fixed-dose co-formulation together with DNDi. The bi-layered tablet is made 
available under the names of Coarsucam and Artesunate amodiaquine Winthrop, 
Sanofi-Aventis. The issue related to the difficulty of public institutions 
to valorise their participation in such initiative by lack of priority and 
funding of applied research is discussed. © 2011 Lacaze et al; licensee 
BioMed Central Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amodiaquine plus artesunate (drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
pharmaceutics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aerosil 300
  amodiaquine
  artesunate
  calcium carbonate (pharmaceutics)
  coarsucam
  croscarmellose sodium (pharmaceutics)
  magnesium stearate (pharmaceutics)
  microcrystalline cellulose (pharmaceutics)
  povidone (pharmaceutics)
  povidone k30
  pvp k25
  silicon dioxide (pharmaceutics)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug formulation
  malaria (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug degradation
  drug packaging
  drug solubility
  drug stability
  feasibility study
  good manufacturing practice
  tablet friability
  tablet hardness
  tablet manufacture
  technology
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  acdisol
  aerosil 300
  arsumax  Sanofi Aventis

  coarsucam
  flavoquine
  pvp k25
  pvp k30
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Sanofi Aventis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amodiaquine (69-44-3, 86-42-0)
  artesunate (82864-68-4, 88495-63-0)
  calcium carbonate (13397-26-7, 13701-58-1, 14791-73-2, 471-34-1)
  croscarmellose sodium (74811-65-7)
  magnesium stearate (557-04-0)
  microcrystalline cellulose (39394-43-9, 51395-75-6)
  povidone (9003-39-8)
  silicon dioxide (10279-57-9, 14464-46-1, 14808-60-7, 15468-32-3, 60676-86-0, 
7631-86-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011369722
MEDLINE PMID
  21605361 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21605361)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-142
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 481
TITLE
  Benefits of combined buprenorphine medication management and support group
AUTHOR NAMES
  McNairy S.
  Dols R.
  Keple T.
  Thuras P.
  Westermeyer J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McNairy S.; Dols R.; Keple T.; Thuras P.; Westermeyer J.) VAMedical Center, 
University of Minnesota, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. McNairy, VAMedical Center, University of Minnesota, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal on Addictions (2011) 20:4 (392). Date of Publication: 
July-August 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  21st Annual Meeting and Symposium of the American Academy of Addiction 
Psychiatry, AAAP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Boca Raton, FL, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-12-02 to 2010-12-05
ISSN
  1055-0496
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Blackwell
ABSTRACT
  Background: At theAAAPmeeting December 2004 lead author (SM) reported on the 
novel use of a combined medication management and support group to address 
the two core mandates ofCSAT for effectively using buprenorphine in OBOT, 
namely provision of both (1) pharmacotherapy and (2) recovery-based 
education and support services. Traditional abstinence-only community 
support groups were found to be unreceptive to medication-assisted 
therapies, which invalidated this newly emerging treatment approach. This is 
the follow-up study of treatment outcomes over 6 years of continued 
operations of the group model. Methods: This was a prospective study of 142 
veterans with a primary diagnosis of opioid dependence treated with 
buprenorphine/naloxone at the VA Minneapolis between January 2004 and 
October 2010. On a self-select basis they were offered either a combined 
medication management-peer support group or individualized medication 
management services with referral to communitybased supports as usual. Group 
medication/Cotherapy was provided by an LICSW and an RN with MD assistance. 
Outcome measures were related to length of stay, relapses and remissions, 
positive opioid and other drug urine screens, patient satisfaction, and 
level of daily socialoccupational functioning. Two clinicians independently 
rated the recovery success or lack thereof using the Modified DARP Outcome 
Criteria. Results: The combination of group support and medication 
management was found to be superior in outcomes to that of persons 
preferring individualmed management and referral to traditional 
community-based supports. Patients who had been regarded as group therapy 
resistant displayed a high degree of affiliation, personal pride, and 
ownership in the group processwhen stabilized on buprenorphine. The early 
dropout rate in the first month of stabilization was substantially less 
among the group treatment participants than individual treatment 
participants consistent with the expected positive aspects of peer support 
and engagement during the most difficult transition from active opioid use 
and withdrawal. The presence of chronic pain problems did not deter 
successful outcomes when compared to participants without pain when using 
partial-agonist therapy to treat opioid dependence. Positive group 
participation experiences were most indentified by graduates group in the 
continued success with individual office-based med management. Conclusions: 
Based upon these findings over the past 6 years, the combined group 
treatment format continues to be the coremethod of initiation andmaintaining 
buprenorphine therapy for mild to moderate opioid dependence at this VA. It 
has displaced the traditional methadone maintenance program which has since 
been reserved for the most severely addicted, treatment refractory and/or 
who were unsuccessful using buprenorphine to cease opioid use first.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
  partial agonist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  drug therapy
  psychiatry
  support group
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  chronic pain
  community
  diagnosis
  education
  follow up
  graduate
  group therapy
  human
  length of stay
  methadone treatment
  model
  organization and management
  pain
  patient
  patient satisfaction
  peer group
  prospective study
  relapse
  remission
  therapy
  treatment outcome
  urine
  veteran
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00147.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 482
TITLE
  Prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among pharmacy students at nine U.S. 
schools of pharmacy
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Prevalencia del uso peligroso de alcohol entre estudiantes de farmacia en 
nueve facultades de farmacia en los estados unidos
AUTHOR NAMES
  English C.
  Rey J.A.
  Schlesselman L.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (English C.) Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT, 
United States.
(Rey J.A.) College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, 
United States.
(Schlesselman L.S.) Office of Assessment and Accreditation, School of 
Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. English, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Practice (2011) 9:3 (162-168). Date of Publication: July-September 
2011
ISSN
  1886-3655 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica, Campus de la Cartuja, 
Granada, Spain.
ABSTRACT
  Hazardous use of alcohol continues to be recognized as a problem at the 
university level. Knowledge regarding alcohol consumption in healthcare 
professional students is limited, especially in regards to pharmacy 
students. Much of the information available focuses on pharmacy student 
drinking patterns in specific geographic regions or is simply outdated. 
Objectives: This study was designed to assess levels of alcohol consumption 
and estimate the level of hazardous drinking among pharmacy students in a 
larger sample size that is representative of US pharmacy schools. Methods: 
An anonymous survey regarding alcohol usage was offered to students at nine 
schools of pharmacy across the United States. The survey consisted of 
demographic questions, the World Health Organization Alcohol Use Disorders 
Identification Test (AUDIT), and questions that assess particular 
alcohol-induced behaviors. Results: More than 25% of 1161 respondents had a 
total AUDIT score ≥ 8, which indicates a risk of alcohol-related problems. 
Students that were male, in their first or second professional year of 
school, not married, and without children were statistically more likely to 
have AUDIT scores in the hazardous drinking range. Grade point average and 
student housing did not statistically affect student's AUDIT scores. 
Conclusion: These results indicate that over onefourth of pharmacy students 
surveyed have indicators of harmful alcohol use. Pharmacy schools should 
continue to address and confront hazardous alcohol use on campuses in order 
to curtail heavy alcohol consumption and reduce the risk of alcoholrelated 
problems in pharmacy students.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol consumption
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  controlled study
  demography
  drinking behavior
  female
  hazard
  health survey
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical school
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  risk assessment
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011521772
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 483
TITLE
  Implications of current clinical trials focused on medication overuse and 
therapeutic prophylaxis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Aurora S.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Aurora S.K., sheena.aurora@swedish.org) Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 
Swedish Headache Center, 1101 Madison, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.K. Aurora, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Headache Center, 1101 
Madison, Seattle, WA 98104, United States. Email: sheena.aurora@swedish.org
SOURCE
  Headache (2011) 51:SUPPL. 2 (93-100). Date of Publication: July-August 2011
ISSN
  0017-8748
  1526-4610 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Chronic migraine (CM) is a complex disorder requiring a multifaceted 
management approach encompassing lifestyle modification, trigger avoidance, 
behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, patient education and support, 
management of expectations, and close follow-up. The lack of 
pharmacotherapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 
hinders CM prophylaxis and management. Topiramate, gabapentin, tizanidine, 
fluoxetine, amitriptyline, and onabotulinumtoxinA have been evaluated for 
prophylactic treatment of CM in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 
or active comparator-controlled trials. Additional well-designed, 
placebo-controlled studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of new and 
existing treatment options for CM. Understanding current clinical trial 
design and management guidelines is critical to designing future trials that 
overcome the challenge of consistent use of sensitive and clinically 
meaningful outcome measures. Topiramate is approved for episodic migraine 
management and has been studied for CM management. A growing body of 
evidence has shown it to be safe, effective, and well-tolerated in specific 
patient populations. However, intolerable adverse effects and inadequate 
efficacy associated with topiramate may lead to poor adherence. The 
efficacy, safety, and tolerability of onabotulinumtoxinA have been 
demonstrated in studies in various migraine patient populations, leading to 
recent FDA approval of onabotulinumtoxinA for the prophylactic treatment of 
CM in adults. These studies included patients with or without medication 
overuse, which may affect 30% to 80% of CM patients in the USA. In this 
program, we will analyze and discuss recent clinical trials investigating 
topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA for CM. © 2011 American Headache Society.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amitriptyline (drug therapy)
  analgesic agent (drug therapy)
  botulinum toxin A (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  botulinum toxin A (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (drug therapy)
  gabapentin (drug therapy)
  tizanidine (drug therapy)
  topiramate (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  transformed migraine (drug therapy, drug therapy, prevention, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical trial (topic)
  drug abuse
  drug efficacy
  drug mechanism
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
  headache (drug therapy)
  human
  nerve stimulation
  outcome assessment
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  prophylaxis
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  botulinum toxin A (93384-43-1)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
  tizanidine (51322-75-9, 64461-82-1)
  topiramate (97240-79-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011410074
MEDLINE PMID
  21770931 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21770931)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01956.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 484
TITLE
  Availability of banned drugs: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Biyani D.
  Agrawal D.
  Patel S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Biyani D., biyani_d@rediffmail.com; Agrawal D.; Patel S.) Department of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi - 
835215, Jharkhand, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Biyani, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of 
Technology, Mesra, Ranchi - 835215, Jharkhand, India. Email: 
biyani_d@rediffmail.com
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2011) 
9:1 (111-112). Date of Publication: July-August 2011
ISSN
  0976-044X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Global Research Online, Plot No: 6, R. K. Lake view, Hebbagudi, Anekal 
Taluk, Bangalore, India.
ABSTRACT
  The present case report attempts to study the current scenario regarding the 
latest decision of DCGI for banning certain drug vide the Gazette of India 
G.S.R.910 (E), the Gazette of India G.S.R.82 (E), and the Gazette of India 
G.S.R.218 (E). Pharmacovigilance is the science of collecting, monitoring, 
researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers 
and patients on the adverse effects of medications, biological products, 
herbalism and traditional medicines. If through Pharmacovigilance, adverse 
events are found to be critical, DCGI takes the action to ban such a drug in 
India. Recently DCGI banned drugs Rosiglitazone, Nimesulide, Cisapride, 
Phenylpropanolamine, Sibutramine, Gatifloxacin and Tegasorid for certain 
indications and specific group of patients. It was thought to carry out a 
survey pertaining to these drugs availability in the medical shops to reveal 
the implementation of the highest authority's decision in this matter. For 
this, a random visit to various medical stores in and around Bhopal, 
Vidisha, Raisen, and Indore (Madhya Pradesh) was made with prescription 
containing the above mentioned drugs to reveal the exact scenario of their 
availability and dispensing by the pharmacist. The case report reveals the 
pathetic condition of implementation of law regarding such matters. Also the 
Community Pharmacists are not well aware about the reasons behind such 
prohibition of sale of these aforementioned drugs. This problem can be 
resolved by Educating the Community Pharmacist through continuing Education 
program.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cisapride
  gatifloxacin
  nimesulide
  phenylpropanolamine
  rosiglitazone
  sibutramine
  tegaserod
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug legislation
  drug marketing
  health care availability
  postmarketing surveillance
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cisapride (81098-60-4)
  gatifloxacin (112811-59-3, 180200-66-2)
  nimesulide (51803-78-2)
  phenylpropanolamine (14838-15-4, 154-41-6, 4345-16-8, 48115-38-4)
  rosiglitazone (122320-73-4, 155141-29-0)
  sibutramine (106650-56-0)
  tegaserod (145158-71-0, 189188-57-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011402000
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 485
TITLE
  Implementation of a medication therapy management program in a 
hospital-based outpatient pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hall D.L.
  Pater K.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hall D.L., halldl@upmc.edu; Pater K.S.) Department of Pharmacy and 
Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop 
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
(Hall D.L., halldl@upmc.edu; Pater K.S.) University of Pittsburgh Medical 
Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.L. Hall, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, 
University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United 
States. Email: halldl@upmc.edu
SOURCE
  Hospital Pharmacy (2011) 46:7 (512-518). Date of Publication: 1 Jul 2011
ISSN
  0018-5787
  1945-1253 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Facts and Comparisons, 111 W. Port Plaza, Ste. 300, St. Louis, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To describe the integration of a medication therapy management 
(MTM) service in a hospital-based outpatient pharmacy, including adapting 
Medicare-based screening criteria to target a primarily non-Medicare 
population, integrating data into the medical center's electronic medical 
record, and designing a method to track identified drug-related problems 
(DRPs).Methods: The hospital-based outpatient pharmacy at the University of 
Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) established an MTM service to enhance 
patient medication safety. Identification criteria were developed in 
accordance with the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 and institutional 
practices: older than 65 years, more than 5 chronic medications, more than 3 
chronic disease states, presence of diabetes, tobacco use, or possible 
adverse drug event (ADE). As this was a proof of concept pilot, both 
Medicare and non-Medicare patients were included. Additionally, an 
intervention tracking form was developed to use in conjunction with the 
medical center's electronic medical record.Results: During an 18-month 
period, 319 patients met the criteria upon random screening. Sixty-eight 
patients enrolled in the MTM program, resulting in 234 patient visits. One 
hundred and seventy DRPs were identified, with 2.5 DRP per patient. The most 
common problems found were the need for additional drug therapy and 
nonadherence. The overall physician acceptance rate for recommendations was 
69%.Conclusion: MTM programs are adaptable to a hospital-based outpatient 
pharmacy utilizing Medicare-based screening criteria in a primarily 
non-Medicare population resulting in identification of DRPs. © 2011 Thomas 
Land Publishers, Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug (adverse drug reaction, drug dose)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug induced disease
  medication therapy management
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  asthma
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  diabetes mellitus
  drug safety
  dyslipidemia
  electronic medical record
  female
  heart failure
  human
  hypertension
  major clinical study
  male
  medicare
  outpatient
  patient safety
  pharmacy
  smoking
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011382346
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4607-512
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 486
TITLE
  Pharmacist web-based training program on medication use in chronic kidney 
disease patients: Impact on knowledge, skills, and satisfaction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Legris M.-E.
  Séguin N.C.
  Desforges K.
  Sauvé P.
  Lord A.
  Bell R.
  Berbiche D.
  Desrochers J.-F.
  Lemieux J.-P.
  Morin-Bélanger C.
  Ste-Marie Paradis F.
  Lalonde L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Legris M.-E.; Séguin N.C.; Desrochers J.-F.; Ste-Marie Paradis F.) Faculty 
of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Canada.
(Desforges K.; Sauvé P.; Lemieux J.-P.; Morin-Bélanger C.) Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Centre de santé et de services sociaux de 
Laval, Canada.
(Lord A.) Centre de santé et de services sociaux de Laval, Canada.
(Bell R.) Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Canada.
(Berbiche D.) Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne, Centre de 
santé et de services sociaux de Laval, Canada.
(Lalonde L., lyne.lalonde@umontreal.ca) Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de 
Montreal, Equipe de recherche en soins de premiere ligne, Centre de santé et 
de services sociaux de Laval, Université de Montréal, Sanofi Aventis 
Endowment Research Chair, Ambulatory Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Lalonde, Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne, Centre de santé 
et de services sociaux de Laval, 1755 René-Laennec Blvd., Laval, QC H7M 3L9, 
Canada. Email: lyne.lalonde@umontreal.ca
SOURCE
  Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions (2011) 31:3 
(140-150). Date of Publication: Summer 2011
ISSN
  0894-1912
  1554-558X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction:: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are multimorbid elderly 
at high risk of drug-related problems. A Web-based training program was 
developed based on a list of significant drug-related problems in CKD 
patients requiring a pharmaceutical intervention. The objectives were to 
evaluate the impact of the program on community pharmacists' knowledge and 
skills and their satisfaction with the training. Methods:: Pharmacists were 
randomized to the training program or the control group. Training comprised 
a 60-minute Web-based interactive session supported by a clinical guide. 
Pharmacists completed a questionnaire on knowledge (10 multiple-choice 
questions) and skills (2 clinical vignettes) at baseline and a second time 
within 1 month. Trained pharmacists completed a written satisfaction 
questionnaire. Semidirected telephone interviews were conducted with 8 
trained pharmacists. Changes in knowledge and skills scores were compared 
between the groups. Results:: Seventy pharmacists (training: 52; control: 
18) were recruited; the majority were women with <15 years' experience. 
Compared with the control group, an adjusted incremental increase in the 
knowledge score (22%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16%-27%) and skills 
score (24%; 95% CI: 16%-33%) was observed in the training group. Most 
pharmacists (87%-100%) rated each aspect of the program "excellent'' or 
"very good." Additional training and adding a discussion forum were 
suggested to complement the program. Discussion:: Pharmacists like the 
Web-based continuing education program. Over a short time span, the program 
improved their knowledge and skills. Its impact on their clinical practices 
and quality of medication use in CKD patients remains to be assessed. © 2010 
The Alliance for Continuing Medical Education, the Society for Academic 
Continuing Medical Education, and the Council on CME, Association for 
Hospital Medical Education.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic kidney failure (drug therapy)
  education
  Internet
  pharmacist
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical competence
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  female
  health care quality
  health personnel attitude
  human
  male
  methodology
  psychological aspect
  randomized controlled trial
  satisfaction
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21953653 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21953653)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chp.20119
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 487
TITLE
  The medication experience: Preliminary evidence of its value for patient 
education and counseling on chronic medications
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shoemaker S.J.
  Ramalho de Oliveira D.
  Alves M.
  Ekstrand M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shoemaker S.J., sarah_jshoemaker@gmail.comom) Abt Associates Inc., Health 
Policy Practice, Cambridge, United States.
(Ramalho de Oliveira D.; Ekstrand M.) Fairview Pharmacy Services, 
Minneapolis, United States.
(Alves M.) University of Minnesota, Department of Pharmaceutical Care and 
Health Systems, Minneapolis, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.J. Shoemaker, Abt Associates Inc., 55 Wheeler Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, 
United States. Email: sarah_jshoemaker@gmail.comom
SOURCE
  Patient Education and Counseling (2011) 83:3 (443-450). Date of Publication: 
June 2011
ISSN
  0738-3991
  1873-5134 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd, P.O. Box 85, Limerick, Ireland.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To describe medication therapy management (MTM) pharmacists' 
encounters with patients' medication experiences, to examine the utility of 
the medication experience in practice, and to explore the value of the 
medication experience in patient education and counseling on medications. 
Methods: A focus group of 10 MTM pharmacists, and 1 pharmacist's 9-month 
practice diary were analyzed to reveal patients' medication experiences and 
the utility and value of the medication experience in practice. Results: MTM 
pharmacists commonly encountered patients' medication experiences in their 
practices. The medication experience was often at the root of drug therapy 
problems (DTPs) the practitioners identified. The pharmacists identified 
several examples of drug therapy problems with an associated medication 
experience at the root. The medication experience was a meaningful construct 
to guide patient education and counseling on new chronic medications to 
ultimately prevent DTPs, and valuable for tailoring patient education and 
counseling on medications to resolve DTPs. Conclusion: Our study provides 
preliminary evidence of the value of the medication experience for patient 
education and counseling on chronic medications in practice. Practice 
implications: The medication experience is a valuable tool for practitioners 
to understand patients' needs, identify and resolve DTPs, and tailor patient 
education and counseling for chronic medications. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland 
Ltd.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  long term care
  medication therapy management
  patient counseling
  patient education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug efficacy
  drug indication
  drug information
  drug safety
  health care practice
  human
  human relation
  patient attitude
  patient compliance
  pharmacist attitude
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011324831
MEDLINE PMID
  21435815 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435815)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.02.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 488
TITLE
  Hepatoprotective activity of cucumis trigonus Roxb. fruit against CCl(4) 
inducesd hepatic damage in rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Patil K.
  Imtiaz S.M.
  Singh A.
  Bagewadi V.
  Gazi S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Patil K., imtiyaz_msi@reddifmail.com; Imtiaz S.M.; Singh A.; Bagewadi V.) 
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLES's College of Pharmacy, 
Belguam, Karnataka, India.
(Gazi S.) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K. T Patil College of 
Pharmacy, Osmanabad Maharashtra, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. M. Imtiaz, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLES's College 
of Pharmacy, Belguam, Karnataka, India. Email: imtiyaz_msi@reddifmail.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:2 (295-299). Date of 
Publication: June 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  In India, a number of medicinal plants and their formulations are used to 
cure hepatic disorders in traditional systems of medicine. No systemic study 
has been done on protective effect of Cucumis trigonus Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae) 
to treat hepatic diseases. Protective action of C. trigonus fruit extracts 
was evaluated in this study in animal model of hepatotoxicity, which was 
induced by carbon tetrachloride. Forty two healthy female albino Wistar rats 
weighing between 180 and 200 g were divided in to seven groups of 6. Group 1 
was normal control group; Group 2, the hepatotoxic group was given CCl(4); 
Group 3 was administered standard drug (Liv-52); Groups 4-7 received pet. 
ether, chloroform, alcohol and aqueous fruit extract (300 mg/kg) with 
CCl(4). The parameters studied were alanine transaminase, aspartate 
transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin activities. The 
hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of 
liver tissue. Results of the biochemical studies of blood samples of CCl(4) 
treated animals showed significant increase in the levels of serum enzyme 
activities, reflecting the liver injury caused by CC1(4). Whereas blood 
samples from the animals treated with chloroform and aqueous fruit extracts 
showed significant and alcohol extract showed highly significant decrease in 
the levels of serum markers, indicating the protection of hepatic cells. The 
results revealed that alcoholic fruit extract of Cucumis trigonus could 
afford highly significant protection against CC1(4) induced hepatocellular 
injury. © 2011 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical 
Sciences and Health Services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cucumis trigonus extract (drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
pharmacology)
  liver protective agent (drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
pharmacology)
  plant extract (drug therapy, oral drug administration, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alanine aminotransferase (endogenous compound)
  alcohol
  alkaline phosphatase (endogenous compound)
  aspartate aminotransferase (endogenous compound)
  bilirubin (endogenous compound)
  carbon tetrachloride
  chloroform
  liv 52 (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cucumis trigonus
  liver toxicity (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  muskmelon
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analytical parameters
  animal experiment
  animal model
  animal tissue
  article
  bilirubin blood level
  blood sampling
  controlled study
  enzyme activity
  enzyme blood level
  female
  histopathology
  liver protection
  nonhuman
  rat
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alanine aminotransferase (9000-86-6, 9014-30-6)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  alkaline phosphatase (9001-78-9)
  aspartate aminotransferase (9000-97-9)
  bilirubin (18422-02-1, 635-65-4)
  carbon tetrachloride (56-23-5)
  chloroform (67-66-3)
  liv 52 (54847-94-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (5)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011343567
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 489
TITLE
  Drug pilferage: Is this just about ethics? Exploring a sensitive issue using 
an ethnographic approach
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lim Z.
  Anderson C.
  McGrath S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lim Z.; Anderson C.) Division of Social Research in Medicines and Health, 
School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
(McGrath S.) Dearing Building, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, 
Nottingham, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Z. Lim, Division of Social Research in Medicines and Health, School of 
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 19 SUPPL. 1 (43). Date of 
Publication: June 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  Health Services Research and Pharmacy Practice Conference
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Norwich, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-05 to 2011-05-06
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Background: Drug pilferage is one of the most serious problems in the 
pharmaceutical service provision in Malawi([1]). However, implementation of 
strategies to combat drug pilferage has been hindered by critical shortage 
of pharmacy workforce. In 2007, there were only 46 pharmacists in the 
country which has a population of 15 million. To increase the number of 
locally trained pharmacists, the first school of pharmacy in the University 
of Malawi was established in 2006. Eight students graduated in 2009. The aim 
of this paper is to explore the impact of drug pilferage on patients and 
what roles pharmacists could possibly play to tackle this problem. Method: 
In-depth, face-to-face interviews are deemed suitable to discuss sensitive 
issues such as drug pilferage. Interviews were conducted in Malawi with 10 
pharmacists, 2 pharmacy technicians, 2 nurses and 1 doctor. An ethnographic 
approach was employed to allow the first author to immerse herself in a 
foreign culture, hence gaining a deeper understanding of opinions expressed 
and/or attitudes displayed by the local informants([2]). This study was 
approved by the ethics authority in Malawi. Results: Although quantitative 
evidence could not be established to prove drug pilferage, most informants 
acknowledged the presence of this problem. Drugs were believed to have been 
stolen by health workers at different points of drug distribution and then 
sold to street vendors or private clinics. This resulted in severe shortage 
of essential medicines. Patients were instructed to buy from private 
pharmacies the out-of-stock items, which were not always affordable. 
Prescribers were forced to prescribe from a very limited range of available 
drugs. In some cases, patients might be left untreated. This was believed to 
result in treatment failure or death in extreme cases. Among perceived 
causes contributing to drug pilferage were low pay of health workers who 
handled drugs, incomplete stock records, inadequate supervision, uninformed 
general public, penalty insufficient to deter offenders and policy to allow 
civil servants to open private clinics. Most informants thought employing 
more pharmacists at public health institutions should stop drug pilferage. 
Most informants felt it was pharmacists' responsibility to create a 
theft-proof system. It was also generally assumed that pharmacists were 
supposed to have a 'higher level of ethics' and hence would not commit such 
unethical crime. There were only two pharmacists serving at public health 
facilities in the country, whilst most work in the private sector. It was 
hoped that drug pilferage would be solved in the future when the school of 
pharmacy produces sufficient pharmacists. Conclusion: Drug pilferage is not 
merely an ethical issue, but also a governance issue. It happened because 
there were temptations and opportunities to commit such crime. There seemed 
to be a lack of urgency and collective action amongst stakeholders in 
tackling this issue. The reliance on future pharmacy graduates might not be 
realistic, judging from the low number of pharmacists graduating each year; 
and the possible movement of the new pharmacists to the private sector or 
out of Malawi altogether([3]). Concerted effort and political will to fight 
drug pilferage is urgently needed.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ethics
  health services research
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  crime
  death
  drug distribution
  graduate
  health care facility
  health care personnel
  interview
  Malawi
  nurse
  offender
  organization and management
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy technician
  physician
  policy
  population
  private hospital
  public health
  punishment
  responsibility
  school
  student
  theft
  treatment failure
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00124.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 490
TITLE
  Task allocation in cancer medication management - Integrating the pharmacist
AUTHOR NAMES
  Döhler N.
  Krolop L.
  Ringsdorf S.
  Meier K.
  Ko Y.-D.
  Kuhn W.
  Schwalbe O.
  Jaehde U.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Döhler N.; Krolop L.; Ringsdorf S.; Schwalbe O.; Jaehde U., 
u.jaehde@uni-bonn.de) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 
Bonn, Germany.
(Meier K.) Oncology Pharmacy Working Group of the German Cancer Society 
(DKG), Berlin, Germany.
(Ko Y.-D.) Department of Internal Medicine, Johanniter-Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 
Germany.
(Kuhn W.) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of 
Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  U. Jaehde, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany. Email: 
u.jaehde@uni-bonn.de
SOURCE
  Patient Education and Counseling (2011) 83:3 (367-374). Date of Publication: 
June 2011
ISSN
  0738-3991
  1873-5134 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd, P.O. Box 85, Limerick, Ireland.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: This study was conducted to define the task allocation in 
multiprofessional cancer medication management (MCMM) with a special focus 
on the role of the pharmacist as well as patient education and counseling. 
The acceptance of the proposed task allocation and the perceptions on 
multiprofessional teamwork were explored on a national level. Methods: We 
held local focus group meetings (University of Bonn with collaboration 
partners) to identify MCMM tasks. With the Delphi technique the tasks were 
allocated to physicians, pharmacists and nurses. Professionals (members of 
the German Cancer Society) were approached nationwide via an online 
questionnaire to evaluate the acceptance of the MCMM model and explore their 
perceptions on multiprofessional teamwork. Results: The MCMM model comprised 
38 tasks including 11 on patient education and counseling. It was rated to 
be reasonable (79%) and feasible (68%). Barriers and benefits of 
multiprofessional teamwork stated were patient-, team-, therapy-, 
structure-, and resources-related. Conclusions: The MCMM model integrates 
the pharmacist with responsibilities in patient education and counseling as 
well as prevention of drug-related problems. The approach was generally 
appreciated nationwide by the professions. Practice implications: The 
proposed model can serve as a tool to trigger changes in cancer medication 
management. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cancer therapy
  medication therapy management
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  feasibility study
  female
  Germany
  human
  information processing
  nonhuman
  nurse
  online system
  patient care
  patient counseling
  patient education
  physician
  priority journal
  professional practice
  teamwork
  work experience
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cancer (16)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011324821
MEDLINE PMID
  21482061 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21482061)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.03.002
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 491
TITLE
  Exploring communications around medication review in community pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kaae S.
  Sørensen E.W.
  Nørgaard L.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kaae S., ska@farma.ku.dk; Sørensen E.W.; Nørgaard L.S.) Department of 
Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Kaae, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 
2100 København, Denmark. Email: ska@farma.ku.dk
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:3 (529-536). Date of 
Publication: June 2011
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives Investigation into aspects that influence outcomes of medication 
reviews have been called for. The aim of this study was to assess how 
pharmacy internship students in a Danish medication review and 
reconciliation model communicated with both diabetes patients and the 
patients' General Practitioners (GPs) when conveying the results of the 
review by writing letters to the different parties. Special attention was 
drawn to how differences in health care provider and patient perspectives of 
the disease as well as inclusion of the patient in the decision making 
process is influenced by the identified practices of communication. Setting 
18 Danish community pharmacies with The Department of Pharmacology and 
Pharmacotherapy at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of 
Copenhagen. Method Number of identified drug related problems, life-world 
problems and solutions to these described in the letters sent to patients 
and their GPs were registered. Further a qualitative documentary analysis 
was conducted by analyzing the letters using the theory of transactional 
analysis, developed by Berne. Main outcome measures Identified and conveyed 
drug related and life-world related problems when comparing patients' 
letters with GPs' letters. Whether students assumed a superior, inferior or 
equal role in relation to the recipient of the letter and compared whether 
students assumed the same role in relation to patients and GPs. Results 18 
pairs of patient and GP letters were analyzed. The analysis showed that 
students conveyed more drugrelated problems to GPs than to patients. 
Furthermore, students assumed an equal relationship to GPs, whereas they 
frequently took superior positions when writing to patients. Students 
reported lifestyle problems both to GPs and to patients. Conclusion Pharmacy 
students in a Danish medication review and reconciliation model managed to 
detect and address lifestyle problems of patients to their GPs, thereby 
facilitating the merger of their professionaltechnical perspective with the 
life-world perspective of patients. However, patients were not encouraged to 
become more involved in the disease management process. © Springer 
Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community care
  interpersonal communication
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cooperation
  Denmark
  diabetic patient
  exploratory research
  general practitioner
  health care quality
  health program
  human
  lifestyle
  medical decision making
  medical student
  patient care
  patient participation
  pharmacist attitude
  priority journal
  student attitude
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011373269
MEDLINE PMID
  21442285 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21442285)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9502-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 492
TITLE
  European clinical pharmacology: Challenges for the future
AUTHOR NAMES
  Orme M.
  Sjöqvist F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Orme M.; Sjöqvist F.) Cheltenham, United Kingdom.
(Orme M.; Sjöqvist F.) Stockholm, Sweden.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Orme, Cheltenham, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2011) 109 SUPPL. 1 (35). 
Date of Publication: June 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  10th Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and 
Therapeutics
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Budapest, Hungary
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-06-26 to 2011-06-29
ISSN
  1742-7835
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  We have had the task to collect and edit the contributions to the IUPHAR 
position paper 'Clinical Pharmacology in Research, Teaching and Health Care' 
(Basic & Clinical Pharmacol. & Toxicol. 107, 531-559, 2010). Since July 2010 
this paper is under further editorial work aiming to adapt it to the needs 
of developing countries. We have encouraged clinical pharmacologists 
worldwide to submit their opinions about the IUPHAR recommendations. During 
this lengthy editorial process we have encountered several obstacles that 
have interfered with the development of the discipline, particularly in 
health care. 1 In many European countries clinical pharmacology is not yet a 
recognized medical specialty which effectively prevents young physicians 
from entering the discipline. 2 As a result of this other professional 
groups who lack medical training are considered by themselves and by 
decision makers in medicine to be clinical pharmacologists. 3 We have 
therefore made a very clear distinction in the position paper between the 
interdisciplinary science of clinical pharmacology and the medical specialty 
of clinical pharmacology, which in contrast to the former requires medical 
competence of its practitioners. 4 In many countries the roles for clinical 
pharmacology in health care are vaguely defined. This is a paradox in view 
of the fact that drug related problems (therapeutic failure, adverse drug 
reactions, drug interactions, irrational drug utilization) are an increasing 
indication for hospitalization. 5 As a consequence there is an alarming 
shortage of positions for clinical pharmacologists in European health care. 
6 The academic positions in clinical pharmacology are seldom combined with 
defined functions in health care as they should be. We recommend that EACPT 
prioritizes measures that attempt to correct these deficiencies in the 
infrastructure of our discipline. We intend to map out these problems 
through a questionnaire sent to the national representatives in EACPT.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  competence
  developing country
  drug interaction
  drug utilization
  health care
  hospitalization
  human
  medical education
  medicine
  physician
  questionnaire
  teaching
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00731.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 493
TITLE
  Postoperative opioids consumption: A pharmacokinetic analysis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Proto P.L.
  Tognoli E.
  Piccioni F.
  Bartoli A.
  Morelli D.
  Langer M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Proto P.L.; Tognoli E.; Piccioni F.; Bartoli A.; Morelli D.; Langer M.) 
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Uinversity of Milan, 
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Milan, Italy.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.L. Proto, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Uinversity of 
Milan, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Milan, Italy.
SOURCE
  European Journal of Anaesthesiology (2011) 28 SUPPL. 48 (199). Date of 
Publication: June 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  European Anaesthesiology Congress, EUROANAESTHESIA 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Amsterdam, Netherlands
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-06-11 to 2011-06-14
ISSN
  0265-0215
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
ABSTRACT
  Background and Goal of Study: As the analgesic effect of opioids is 
concentration dependent, we found it interesting to analyse the 
postoperative opioids consumption from a pharmacokinetics point of view. The 
Aim of the study was to verif y the performance of a PK model in a 
Patient-Controlled analgesia context. Materials and Methods: We studied 5 
pts. who underwent abdominal surgery. Analgesic therapy: Methadone 
administered by a PCA system (dose 2 mg, lock-out 12min.). To predict 
Methadone concentration, we used data recorded from PCA systems and the 
following equation: Cp = dose - K(10)A(1) - K(12)A(1) + K(21)A(2)/V(1) 
entering the pharmacokinetic parameters proposed by De Vos(1). For each 
patient we performed two blood samples at different times in the first 48 
postoperative hours. The measurement of Methadone plasma concentration was 
carried out at the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 
with the HPLC method. The difference between predicted plasma concentration 
(Cp) and measured plasma concentration (Cm) was expressed as percentage 
error (PE) = [(Cp-Cm) / Cm] ∗ § 100. Results: Are summarized in Table 1. Our 
calculation systems underestimated the measured concentrations with an error 
that varied from a low of -5% to a maximum of -45%. Only at two points, the 
calculated value overestimated the measured value (+7,9, +112). Conclusions: 
Our intention is to describe Postoperative opioids requirement in terms of 
concentration rather than dose consumption. The results show wide ranges of 
error variability, Therefore, we are looking for a way to analyse the 
performance of a PK model in a Patient-Controlled analgesia context, which 
we have not found in other literature so far. (Table presented) .
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anesthesiology
  pharmacokinetics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal surgery
  analgesic activity
  blood level
  blood sampling
  clinical pharmacology
  concentration (parameters)
  high performance liquid chromatography
  human
  model
  parameters
  patient
  patient controlled analgesia
  therapy
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 494
TITLE
  Screening and recruitment procedures of healthy volunteers in a phase I 
clinical trial unit: Experience of 38 bioequivalence studies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Duque B.
  Borobia A.M.
  Mosquera B.
  López Durán J.L.
  Ramírez E.
  Lubomirov R.
  Carcas A.J.
  Guerra P.
  Frías J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Duque B.; Borobia A.M.; Mosquera B.; López Durán J.L.; Ramírez E.; 
Lubomirov R.; Carcas A.J.; Guerra P.; Frías J.) Clinical Pharmacology 
Service, La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Duque, Clinical Pharmacology Service, La Paz University Hospital, 
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
SOURCE
  Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2011) 109 SUPPL. 1 (117). 
Date of Publication: June 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  10th Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and 
Therapeutics
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Budapest, Hungary
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-06-26 to 2011-06-29
ISSN
  1742-7835
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: This study reports and analyzes screening and recruitment 
procedures of 38 bioequivalence (BE) studies. Material and Methods: 
Thirty-eight BE randomized crossover studies were conducted. The studies 
were all designed according to the requirements of EMA for BE studies and 
developed in the Phase I Clinical Trial Unit of the Pharmacology Department 
(School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid). Sample size 
calculated, number of volunteers and reason for exclusion, withdrawal and 
dropped were recorded. Results: For the included 38 trials, a total of 2405 
healthy volunteers were informed about a BE trial and 2202 (91.6%) decided 
to sign the inform consent form. Of them, 233 did not return to initiation 
visit (10.6%). In the screening period 623 volunteers (28.3%) were not 
suitable for the study. The main reasons were: withdrawal of informed 
consent (16.4%), positive in urine abuse drug test (9.6%), 
hyperbilirrubinemia (5.6%) and hypertransaminasemia (4.7%). Therefore a 
total of 1579 fulfilled inclusion criteria and 1514 were included (65 
volunteers were considered as reserves). During the study, 35 volunteers 
(2.3%) dropped for personal reason and 17 were excluded (47% due to a 
positive result in urine abuse drug test). A total of 1462 volunteers were 
suitable for the main analysis. Conclusion: To select 1579 valid 
participants in BE trials we needed to give the trial information to 2405 
potential participants and to make the initiation visit in 2202 volunteers. 
Only a 4.1% of the healthy volunteers interviewed and fulfilling selection 
criteria were finally not included. Post-randomization losses were also low 
(3.6%).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  bioequivalence
  clinical pharmacology
  human
  normal human
  phase 1 clinical trial
  screening
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  crossover procedure
  hypertransaminasemia
  informed consent
  pharmacology
  randomization
  sample size
  school
  stomatitis
  urine
  volunteer
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00722.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 495
TITLE
  The role of adrenergic and angiotensinergic systems in vascular effect of 
alcoholic of extract trigonella foenum-graecum seed in diabetic rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mahdavi M.R.V.
  Roghani M.
  Baluchnejadmojarad T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mahdavi M.R.V.; Roghani M., mehjour@yahoo.com) Department of Physiology, 
School of Medicine and Medicinal Plant Research Center, Shahed University, 
Tehran, Iran.
(Baluchnejadmojarad T.) Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran 
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Roghani, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Medicinal Plant 
Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Email: mehjour@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:1 (83-88). Date of 
Publication: 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Considering the anti-diabetic potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) 
and its beneficial effect on aortic reactivity of diabetic rats, this study 
was conducted to evaluate the effect of its alcoholic seed extract on aortic 
reactivity and also figure out mechanisms including the role of adrenergic 
and angiotensinergic systems in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Male Wistar 
rats were divided into control, extract-treated control, diabetic, and 
extract-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by a single IP 
injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Treatment groups received TFG 
extract (200 mg/kg; IP) every other day for 1 month. Contractile response of 
thoracic aorta to KCl and noradrenaline (NA) was then determined. For 
determination of the involvement of adrenergic and angiotensinergic systems, 
rings were incubated before the experiments with prazocin, propranolol, 
and/or captopril and then NA- and angiotensin I (Ag-I)-induced contractions 
were recorded. Diabetic state significantly increased maximum contractile 
response to KCl and NA (p < 0.01-0.005) comparing to control groups and 
treatment with TFG extract in diabetic group significantly improved these 
changes comparing to untreated diabetic group (p < 0.05-p < 0.01). On the 
other hand, pretreatment of prazosin and propranolol caused a significant 
reduction in contractile response of all groups (p < 0.05-0.001) meanwhile 
was no significant difference among the groups. In addition, pre-incubation 
with captopril caused a significant reduction in contractile response of 
TFG-treated diabetic group comparing untreated diabetic group (p < 0.05). 
Finally we concluded that alcoholic seed extract of TFG could improve some 
functional indices of the vascular system in diabetic state and 
angiotensinergic system is partly involved in this response. © 2011 by 
School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  fenugreek extract (intraperitoneal drug administration, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  angiotensin I
  captopril (pharmacology)
  polythiazide plus prazosin (pharmacology)
  potassium chloride
  propranolol (pharmacology)
  streptozocin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adrenergic system
  angiotensinergic system
  blood vessel reactivity
  catecholaminergic system
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  animal tissue
  article
  autonomic nervous system
  cardiovascular effect
  controlled study
  diabetes mellitus
  drug response
  fenugreek
  incubation time
  male
  nonhuman
  plant seed
  rat
  vasoconstriction
  Wistar rat
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  angiotensin I (9041-90-1)
  captopril (62571-86-2)
  polythiazide plus prazosin (84057-89-6)
  potassium chloride (7447-40-7)
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
  streptozocin (18883-66-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011268102
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 496
TITLE
  Gastroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of aloe buettneri
AUTHOR NAMES
  Metowogo K.
  Eklu-Gadegbeku K.
  Agbonon A.
  Aklikokou K.A.
  Gbeassor M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Metowogo K., kossi.metowogo@gmail.com; Eklu-Gadegbeku K.; Agbonon A.; 
Aklikokou K.A.; Gbeassor M.) Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of 
Science, University of Loma, Togo.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Metowogo, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Science, 
University of Loma, Togo. Email: kossi.metowogo@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:1 (69-74). Date of 
Publication: 2011
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Vali-e-Asr 
Avenue, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
  Aloe buettneri A. Berger is commonly used in traditional Togolese medicine 
to treat inflammatory and gastric ulcers. The present study examined the 
gastro-protection effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of A. buettneri on 
mucus production and gastric pH. A gastric ulcer is induced by ethanol 95° 
alone (1 mL/kg body weight), after pre-treatment with indomethacin (300 
mg/kg) or by utilising L-NAME (40 mg/kg IV). In addition gastric mucus was 
removed by scraping and subsequently weighed. The experiment focused 
entirely on rats that had been subjected to fasting. The hydro-alcoholic 
extract of A. buettneri (500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited ulcers that were 
induced by ethanol, indomethacin or L-NAME pre-treatment. A. buettneri was 
shown to increase the production of gastric mucus. Furthermore L-arginine 
significantly decreased the size of the induced ulcers. The results achieved 
in the study carried out suggest that A. buettneri posses gastro-protective 
properties. © 2011 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  Aloe buettneri extract (drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
pharmacology)
  plant extract (pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  arginine (drug therapy, intravenous drug administration)
  indometacin (drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug administration)
  lansoprazole (drug therapy)
  n(g) nitroarginine methyl ester (drug therapy, intravenous drug 
administration)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Aloe
  Aloe buettneri
  medicinal plant
  stomach protection
  stomach ulcer (drug therapy, drug therapy, prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  article
  body weight
  controlled study
  diet restriction
  drug efficacy
  drug inhibition
  female
  male
  nonhuman
  rat
  stomach
  stomach mucus
  stomach pH
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  arginine (1119-34-2, 15595-35-4, 7004-12-8, 74-79-3)
  indometacin (53-86-1, 74252-25-8, 7681-54-1)
  lansoprazole (103577-45-3, 138530-94-6, 138530-95-7)
  n(g) nitroarginine methyl ester (50903-99-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011268100
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 497
TITLE
  Teaching the science of safety in US colleges and schools of pharmacy.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Holdford D.A.
  Warholak T.L.
  West-Strum D.
  Bentley J.P.
  Malone D.C.
  Murphy J.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Holdford D.A.) Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298-0533, USA.
(Warholak T.L.; West-Strum D.; Bentley J.P.; Malone D.C.; Murphy J.E.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.A. Holdford, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298-0533, USA. 
Email: daholdfo@vcu.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2011) 75:4 (77). Date of 
Publication: 10 May 2011
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  This paper provides baseline information on integrating the science of 
safety into the professional degree curriculum at colleges and schools of 
pharmacy. A multi-method examination was conducted that included a 
literature review, key informant interviews of 30 individuals, and in-depth 
case studies of 5 colleges and schools of pharmacy. Educators believe that 
they are devoting adequate time to science of safety topics and doing a good 
job teaching students to identify, understand, report, manage, and 
communicate medication risk. Areas perceived to be in need of improvement 
include educating pharmacy students about the Food and Drug Administration's 
(FDA's) role in product safety, how to work with the FDA in post-marketing 
surveillance and other FDA safety initiatives, teaching students methods to 
improve safety, and educating students to practice in interprofessional 
teams. The report makes 10 recommendations to help pharmacy school graduates 
be more effective in protecting patients from preventable drug-related 
problems.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  food and drug administration
  human
  safety
  school
  science
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21769153 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769153)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 498
TITLE
  Illicit methylphenidate use among Iranian medical students: Prevalence and 
knowledge
AUTHOR NAMES
  Habibzadeh A.
  Alizadeh M.
  Malek A.
  Maghbooli L.
  Shoja M.M.
  Ghabili K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Habibzadeh A.; Maghbooli L.) Students' Research Committee, Tabriz 
University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
(Alizadeh M.) Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical 
Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
(Malek A.) Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 
Tabriz, Iran.
(Shoja M.M.; Ghabili K., kghabili@gmail.com) Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 
Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Ghabili, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University 
of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Email: kghabili@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Drug Design, Development and Therapy (2011) :5 (71-76). Date of Publication: 
2011
ISSN
  1177-8881
BOOK PUBLISHER
  DOVE Medical Press Ltd., PO Box 300-008, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Methylphenidate, a medication prescribed for individuals 
suffering from attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder, is increasingly 
being misused by students. Objective: The aims of this study were to 
evaluate the frequency of methylphenidate use among a group of Iranian 
medical students and to assess their knowledge of methylphenidate. Methods: 
Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were completed by all medical 
students entering the university between 2000 and 2007. Results: 
Methylphenidate users' mean knowledge score was higher than that of nonusers 
(15.83 ± 3.14 vs 13.66 ± 3.10, P = 0.008). Age, gender, and school year were 
positively correlated with knowledge score (P < 0.05). Data analysis 
demonstrated that 27 participants (8.7%) had taken methylphenidate at least 
once in their lifetime. The respondents believed that the most common motive 
for methylphenidate use among youths was that it aided concentration and 
therefore ability to study. Conclusion: This study indicates a relatively 
low level of knowledge about methylphenidate among Iranian medical students. 
More educational programs regarding the use of methylphenidate are required 
and should be focused on the student suppliers, clinicians, pharmacists, and 
medical students. © 2011 Habibzadeh et al, publisher and licensee Dove 
Medical Press Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methylphenidate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse (epidemiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  age distribution
  article
  concentration (parameters)
  controlled study
  drug use
  female
  human
  Internet
  Iran
  knowledge
  male
  mass medium
  medical student
  motivation
  peer pressure
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  sex difference
  wakefulness
  weight reduction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011164606
MEDLINE PMID
  21340040 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21340040)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S13818
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 499
TITLE
  Buprenorphine-naloxone for the office-based treatment of opiate addiction in 
patients with psychiatric co-morbidities
AUTHOR NAMES
  Acosta A.
  Macaluso A.
  Mierzwa M.
  Richardson S.
  Walsh K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Acosta A.; Macaluso A.; Mierzwa M.; Richardson S.; Walsh K.) Saint Barnabas 
Health Care System, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Acosta, Saint Barnabas Health Care System, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (266). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: The association between opiate addiction and psychiatric 
comorbidity has long been established. In the general population, 
buprenorphine-naloxone (bup-nx) has demonstrated efficacy in promoting 
abstinence from illicit opiate consumption among individuals with a history 
of misuse. In some investigations, patients with anxiety or depression 
previous to opiate addiction exhibited greater responses, relative to other 
patients, to programs that combined bup-nx pharmacotherapy with regular 
psychological counseling. Patients, themselves, have expressed a preference 
for office-based programs that enable them to continue normal daily 
activities during treatment for addiction. Despite this, a majority of 
investigations of bup-nx therapy to date that have included patients with 
psychiatric comorbidities have been conducted in hospital settings. This 
investigation will assess the effectiveness of bup-nx therapy for the 
office-based treatment of opiate addiction, exclusively among patients with 
psychiatric comorbidities. Objective: Assess the safety and effectiveness of 
outpatient maintenance with bup-nx, combined with psychological counseling, 
among patients with comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: Participants 
will be recruited from the Intensive Outpatient Program for dual-diagnosis 
patients at a psychiatric facility in Toms River, New Jersey. Recipients of 
bup-nx maintenance therapy will be required to attend regular counseling 
sessions with a psychiatrist, regular outpatient group sessions at the 
facility, and meetings of a 12-step program of their choosing. They will 
also be required to consent to random urine drug screenings for the duration 
of bup-nx therapy. Each recipient will be invited to participate in the 
investigation. Informed consent will be obtained from each participant prior 
to enrollment. Data will be collected from weekly questionnaires completed 
by the participants, as well as from in- and outpatient medical records 
maintained by the treatment facility. Admission data will also be collected 
from a comparator group of patients receiving inpatient opiate 
detoxification only. Outcomes: We will report symptoms of withdrawal, 
severity of craving, and the percent of patients with (-)UDS per each week 
of enrollment in the program. We will also report time between inpatient 
psychiatric admissions, relative to the comparator group, incidence of 
bup-nx interactions or adverse effects, and duration of retention in the 
Intensive Outpatient Program.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine
  naloxone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  morbidity
  opiate addiction
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  addiction
  adverse drug reaction
  anxiety
  comorbidity
  counseling
  detoxification
  diagnosis
  drug screening
  drug therapy
  hospital
  hospital patient
  informed consent
  maintenance therapy
  medical record
  outpatient
  population
  psychiatric diagnosis
  psychiatrist
  questionnaire
  recipient
  river
  safety
  therapy
  United States
  urine
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 500
TITLE
  Collaborative drug therapy management for buprenorphine-maintained patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  DiPaula B.A.
  Park D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (DiPaula B.A.; Park D.) University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, 
Baltimore, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.A. DiPaula, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (280-281). Date of Publication: 
April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: As a result of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act (DATA) 2000, 
physicians with a waiver may treat opioid-dependent patients outside of a 
licensed substance abuse treatment program. However, many primary care 
clinics are not properly structured to meet the ongoing needs of this 
patient population. The legal implications, unique medication properties, 
risk for diversion, drug-drug interactions, and comorbid diagnoses, allow 
for a novel role for pharmacists in the management of 
buprenorphine-maintained patients. Description of Innovative Service: 
Faculty from the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy developed a 
collaborative practice with a community health center to provide medication 
management for buprenorphine-maintained, opioid-dependent patients. In order 
to establish the practice, the pharmacists assisted in the design of the 
interdisciplinary structure, protocols, and documentation. Once per week for 
3 hours, pharmacists routinely provided disease-state monitoring, medication 
management, consults, and patient education for the buprenorphine patients 
who had completed induction. Referrals were routinely evaluated for 
treatment adherence, efficacy, adverse effects, and drug diversion. The 
pharmacists assisted in approving and refilling prescriptions and ordering 
and monitoring laboratory tests, including toxicology screens. Impact on 
Patient Care: From July 2009 to December 2010, a board-certified psychiatric 
pharmacist and 3 PGY2 residents provided medication management services for 
67 unique patients over 191 appointments. Sixty percent of the patients had 
at least 1 comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. A total of 634 interventions were 
made. The most common included assistance in refilling buprenorphine 
prescriptions, ordering toxicology screens, and educating patients. The 
pharmacists made an average of 3.3 types of interventions per patient. 
Patient encounter sheets were completed for tracking and billing purposes. 
While the facility did not routinely submit the billing, they were 
reimbursed $130 per patient visit using the 99211 code when they did. The 
projected potential revenue generated by pharmacist visits was $24,830. 
Conclusion: Pharmacists offer unique expertise which can complement a 
treatment team and allow for successful management of a large number of 
buprenorphine-maintained patients in a primary care setting. The majority of 
our patients had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Specialized training in 
psychiatric pharmacy was important in developing a niche and, ultimately, 
this practice.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  medication therapy management
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  diagnosis
  documentation
  drug dependence
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  health center
  hospital
  laboratory test
  monitoring
  patient care
  patient education
  pharmacy
  physician
  population
  prescription
  primary medical care
  psychiatric diagnosis
  risk
  school
  substance abuse
  toxicology
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 501
TITLE
  The efficacy of melatonin for sleep disturbances in patients with 
substance-related disorders
AUTHOR NAMES
  Thomas C.J.
  Dress J.
  Peterson J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Thomas C.J.; Dress J.; Peterson J.) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical 
Center, Chillicothe, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.J. Thomas, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chillicothe, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (278-279). Date of Publication: 
April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Sleep disturbances are prevalent in patients with mental illness 
such as, substance-related disorders. These disturbances are believed to be 
related, in part, to an imbalance of melatonin, a naturally produced 
chemical that helps regulate circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. 
Therefore, exogenous melatonin may have a role in regulating sleep 
disturbances in psychiatric patients. There is no evidence clearly defining 
the role of melatonin in the treatment of substance-induced sleep 
disturbances. However, the role of individual substances such as opioids and 
alcohol has been examined as a cause of disturbed sleep in multiple studies. 
Therefore, substancerelated disorders have been linked to sleep 
disturbances, but treatment options are limited. Commonly used sleep aids 
(ie benzodiazepines) with addictive potential should be avoided in this 
population. This retrospective study will investigate melatonin as a safe 
nonhabit-forming alternative. Objectives: (1) To study the efficacy of 
melatonin for sleep disturbances in substance-related disorders. (2) To 
study the efficacy of m e l a t o n i n f o r s l e e p d i s t u r b a n c 
e s i n P T S D patients. Methodology: Patients enrolled in the Chillicothe 
VAMC Psychosocial Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program (PRRTP) will 
be reviewed to identify those who have completed a baseline and followup 
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) survey. Patients with a baseline PSQI 
score of less than or equal to 5 will be excluded. Electronic medical 
records will be examined to classify patients with a history of PTSD, 
substance-related disorders, and/or melatonin use. Patients will be divided 
into 3 groups: patients with PTSD who received melatonin, substance-induced 
sleep disturbances who received melatonin, and patients who did not receive 
melatonin. For objective 1, baseline and follow-up PSQI scores will be 
compared using Mann-Whitney U test to determine if there is a significant 
improvement in score (decrease of at least 2 points in PSQI) following 
melatonin use. For objective 2, PTSD patients will be analyzed in a separate 
extension of this study. Outcomes: We will report the mean change in PSQI 
score from baseline to follow-up (PRRTP admission to discharge) in patients 
with substance-related disorders who received melatonin. We will compare 
this change to patients on PRRTP who have not received melatonin.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  melatonin
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  benzodiazepine derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  college
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  sleep disorder
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  circadian rhythm
  diseases
  electronic medical record
  follow up
  mental disease
  mental patient
  methodology
  Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
  population
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  rank sum test
  rehabilitation
  retrospective study
  sleep
  sleep waking cycle
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 502
TITLE
  Survey of experiential clerkship opportunity in substance dependence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Park D.
  DiPaula B.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Park D.; DiPaula B.A.) School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Park, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (278). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Pharmacists' knowledge and expertise in the area of substance 
dependence continues to be emphasized by organizations such as American 
Association of Clinical Pharmacy (AACP). Though community pharmacists share 
responsibility in cases of drug diversion, studies suggest that the majority 
of pharmacists lack education and training in substance use disorders, 
recognition of drug diversion, and drug treatment options. Objective: (1) 
Assess the availability of substancedependence experiential rotations 
offered through accredited colleges of pharmacy, (2) analyze barriers to 
employing such opportunity in experiential clerkship, and (3) utilize the 
information to augment education reform in substance dependence. Method: A 
15- question, on-line survey will be e-mailed to the representatives of 
advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) programs at all currently 
ACPE-accredited schools of pharmacy in the United States. The data 
collection will focus on: school demographics, academic type of the 
experiential clerkship, types of clerkship sites, positions of preceptors, 
student learning activities, barriers to clerkship development, and methods 
for mitigating barriers. The data will be gathered electronically and 
analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. The study was reviewed and an 
exemption was granted by the University of Maryland Institutional Review 
Board. Outcome: By assessing the availability and potential barriers for 
development of substancedependence experiential clerkships, the authors hope 
to increase awareness and improve pharmacy student training in substance 
dependence.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical pharmacy
  community
  drug therapy
  education
  hope
  information processing
  institutional review
  learning
  organization
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  responsibility
  school
  student
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 503
TITLE
  The impact of initial drug of abuse on long-term abstinence in patients 
utilizing buprenorphine/ naloxone therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Winistoerfer N.
  Zacher J.
  Garlapati V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Winistoerfer N.; Zacher J.; Garlapati V.) Captain James A Lovell Federal 
Health Care Center, North Chicago, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Winistoerfer, Captain James A Lovell Federal Health Care Center, North 
Chicago, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (280). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: The outpatient treatment of addiction has expanded in recent 
years with the passing of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act (DATA) 2000, and 
the approval of buprenorphine/naloxone by the Food and Drug Administration 
(FDA). Many factors are taken into consideration before a patient and 
provider decide to begin therapy with buprenorphine/naloxone, none of which 
have any predictive value in terms of abstinence rates at 12 months. The 
results of the study could provide important new data for determining which 
patients would receive the most benefit of therapy with 
buprenorphine/naloxone, leading to increased treatment, abstinence, and 
improved quality of life for patients. Objectives: The objective of the 
study is to determine if there is a correlation between a patient's 
preferred drug of abuse (either prescription or illicit substances) and the 
patient's ability of achieving long-term abstinence (greater than 12 months) 
with buprenorphine/naloxone therapy. The study will also be used to examine 
whether or not concurrent axis I diagnoses, initial Clinical Opiate 
Withdrawal Scale (COWS) assessment score, length of addiction and completion 
of a treatment program have any bearing on the length of sobriety. Methods: 
The Veteran's Affairs computerized electronic medical record system will be 
utilized to identify patients who underwent buprenorphine/naloxone therapy 
from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009. The following parameters will be 
collected: age, gender, drug of abuse (classified as prescription or 
illicit), initial COWS score, concurrent axis I diagnosis, length of 
addiction, number of hospitalizations due to opiate use or abuse, 
maintenance dosage of buprenorphine/naloxone, length of sobriety, and 
completion of an addiction treatment program. The results of the patient's 
urine drug screens will also be recorded as a measure of sobriety. Outcomes: 
Comparisons will be made to determine if the type of drug (illicit or 
prescription) of abuse has any bearing on the patient's ability to achieve 
and maintain long-term sobriety. Additional statistics will be utilized to 
ascertain whether or not concurrent axis I diagnoses, completion of a 
treatment program, or initial COWS scores have an effect on long-term 
abstinence.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  naloxone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abstinence
  abuse
  college
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  diagnosis
  drug dependence
  electronic medical record
  food and drug administration
  gender
  hospitalization
  maintenance drug dose
  outpatient
  parameters
  predictive value
  prescription
  quality of life
  statistics
  urine
  veteran
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 504
TITLE
  Assessment of psychotropic drug abuse in an adolescent substance dependent 
population and evaluation of associated prescriber perceptions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Holmes J.C.
  Liu M.
  Bennett R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Holmes J.C.; Liu M.) Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State 
University of New Jersey, United States.
(Holmes J.C.; Liu M.; Bennett R.) Princeton House Behavioral Health, 
Princeton Health Care System, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.C. Holmes, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of 
New Jersey, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (265-266). Date of Publication: 
April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Illicit use of prescription opiates, amphetamines, and 
benzodiazepines among various populations has been well described in the 
literature; however, emerging reports also suggest the increasing misuse of 
medications classified as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood 
stabilizers. To our knowledge, no studies to date have specifically 
evaluated prescription psychotropic abuse among any high-risk population 
such as substance-dependent adolescents. It is also unknown if providers 
have been alerted to the possible trend, and if positive results would alter 
prescribing decisions. Objectives: (1) Describe the characteristics of 
adolescents reporting any history of prescription psychotropic drug abuse. 
(2) Assess prescriber perceptions of the current state of psychotropic drug 
abuse and inclination to change prescribing based on reported use. Methods: 
For this prospective, descriptive analysis, study participants will be 
recruited from an adolescent inpatient substance abuse treatment facility in 
Princeton, NJ, with a target enrollment of n = 50 participants. All 
adolescent patients admitted from December 2010 forward will be eligible to 
participate in this Institutional Review Board-approved survey. Those 
patients with communication barriers or refusal to participate will 
beexcluded.Patientage, sex,age of first drug use, tobacco use, and drug of 
choice will be analyzed as baseline characteristics. Participants reporting 
any history of psychotropic use will be questioned on frequency, access, and 
method of drug administration. User perception of safety and access 
regarding prescription drugs versus other illicit substances will also be 
evaluated. In the second phase of the study, inpatient prescribers will be 
asked to participate in a questionnaire prior to presentation of study data 
to assess perceptions regarding the prevalence of psychotropic misuse. An 
additional assessment will be provided following the presentation of study 
results, focusing on the likelihood to change existing psychotropic 
prescribing based on the information found in the substance abuse 
population.Outcomes: The number and percentage of psychotropic medication 
abusers, including patient characteristics and perceptions of prescription 
drug abuse will be reported using descriptive statistics. Prescriber 
perceptions prior to and after presentation of survey data will also be 
reported.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amphetamine derivative
  antidepressant agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
  mood stabilizer
  opiate
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adolescent
  college
  drug abuse
  human
  pharmacist
  population
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  communication disorder
  drug administration
  drug therapy
  drug use
  high risk population
  hospital patient
  institutional review
  patient
  prescription
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  refusal to participate
  safety
  statistics
  substance abuse
  tobacco
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 505
TITLE
  Aripiprazole: A review for efficacy in methamphetamine use comorbidities in 
two psychiatric patient populations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brackins T.
  Brahm N.C.
  Kissack J.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brackins T.; Kissack J.C.) Pharmacy Practice, Harding University, College 
of Pharmacy, United States.
(Brahm N.C.) Department of Pharmacy Practice: Clinical and Administrative 
Services-Tulsa, University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Brackins, Pharmacy Practice, Harding University, College of Pharmacy, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (264). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Aripiprazole, a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, may 
represent one option for the treatment of methamphetamine abuse and 
dependence. It is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration 
(FDA) for psychomotor agitation secondary to bipolar disorder, adjunctive 
therapy for acute manic or mixed episodes in bipolar I disorder, adjunctive 
therapy for major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia, with or without 
psychomotor agitation. Because it has activity in dopamine and serotonin 
systems, use as a treatment option to attenuate the cravings associated with 
methamphetamine (METH) use has been investigated. To date, the results have 
been inconclusive. This systematic review will focus on a review of the 
literature and use of aripiprazole in the treatment of 2 psychiatric patient 
populations, an inpatient and a community-based integrated multidisciplinary 
program of assertive community treatment, to evaluate if the use of 
psychiatric disorders was associated with changes in METH use/abuse and 
dependence. Objective: The objective of this review is 2-fold: to analyze 
the literature on the effects of aripiprazole as a treatment strategy for 
METH abuse and dependence. This will include a brief overview of the 
pharmacology of aripiprazole and how this may impact the neurophysiology of 
substance abuse and a review of the mechanism of action of aripiprazole, as 
it is currently understood, and how this might represent a treatment option 
for METH use/abuse and dependence. The second focus will be on the value of 
a psychiatric pharmacist addressing the needs of patients with substance 
abuse issues. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on 
the use of aripiprazole as a treatment strategy for METH use/abuse and 
dependence. Five articles meeting criteria for review were identified. 
Findings from these studies were compared to retrospective chart reviews 
from 2 psychiatric populations to determine if the use of aripiprazole was 
associated with changes in METH use. Outcomes: We will report the findings 
from a retrospective review of chart documentation following initiation of 
aripiprazole for psychiatric disorders to assess if changes in METH were 
reported.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aripiprazole
  methamphetamine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  dopamine
  partial agonist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  mental patient
  pharmacist
  population
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  bipolar disorder
  bipolar I disorder
  community
  documentation
  food and drug administration
  group therapy
  hospital patient
  major depression
  medical record review
  mental disease
  mixed mania and depression
  neurophysiology
  patient
  pharmacology
  restlessness
  schizophrenia
  serotoninergic system
  substance abuse
  systematic review
  therapy
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 506
TITLE
  The effects of subunit stoichiometry on channel responses to ligand exposure 
in SH-EP1 cells expressing a4b2 neuronal nicotine receptors
AUTHOR NAMES
  Stratton H.
  Wu J.
  Whiteaker P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Stratton H.; Wu J.; Whiteaker P.) Division of Neurobiology, Barrow 
Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Stratton, Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 
Phoenix, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (278). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are potent 
neuromodulators implicated in a wide range of normal cognitive functions. 
They also play critical roles in several neuropathologies including 
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and nicotine addiction. The a4b2 
nAChR is ubiquitously expressed in the CNS and is the predominant 
high-affinity nicotine-binding site. a4b2 nAChRs exist in 2 pentameric 
isoforms, with (a4)2(b2)3 and (a4)3(b2)2 stoichiometries, and high- and 
low-sensitivity (HS/LS) agonist activation affinities, respectively. 
Objectives: (1) We will demonstrate differences in agonist potency and 
efficacy between the isoforms when expressed in a model human SH-EP1 cell 
line. (2) The expression characteristics of HS vs LS receptors will be 
determined in single, mechanically dissociated, cortical and thalamic 
mammalian neurons using isoform-selective agonists. Methods: Whole-cell 
voltage clamp studies of SH-EP1 cells stably expressing homogenous 
populations of HS and LS receptors will be performed to determine 
differences in ligand activity. These experiments will be performed using a 
variety of ligands, at a range of concentrations, to determine the 
dose-response and desensitization kinetics of the receptor isoforms. The 
ligands to be used include the agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, TC-2559, 
A-85380, cytisine, and the antagonists mecamylamine and 
dihydro-b-erythroidine. Thin (50 um) cortical and thalamic slices will be 
collected from young male mice using a vibratome and enzymatically treated. 
Small regions of the slice from the cortex or thalamus will be mechanically 
agitated under high magnification to isolate single neurons. This 
preparation is suitable because it preserves presynaptic boutons for 
investigations of firing activity by modulation of native neurotransmitter. 
The single neurons will be assessed using whole-cell voltage clamp under the 
application of the above ligands to determine the functional contribution of 
HS and LS isoforms. The a4b2 receptor function will be compared between the 
cortex and the thalamus to establish a relationship between receptor 
expression in these 2 regions. Outcomes: This project will provide new data 
on the recently established a4b2 isoforms that can drive future 
investigations of targeted pharmacological manipulation. These data will be 
used to guide additional investigations exploring the effects of systemic 
nicotine exposure on the expression of a4b2 receptors.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ligand
  nicotinic receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3 (2 azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine
  acetylcholine
  cytisine
  mecamylamine
  neurotransmitter
  nicotine
  receptor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  exposure
  human
  pharmacist
  stoichiometry
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agonist
  Alzheimer disease
  binding site
  cell line
  central nervous system
  cognition
  desensitization
  dose response
  kinetics
  male
  mammal
  model
  modulation
  mouse
  nerve cell
  neuropathology
  Parkinson disease
  population
  thalamus
  tobacco dependence
  voltage clamp technique
  whole cell
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 507
TITLE
  Antipsychotic medications and the development of pneumonia in persons 
diagnosed with schizophrenia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Andrews M.G.
  Brahm N.C.
  Washington N.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Andrews M.G.; Brahm N.C.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of 
Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, United States.
(Washington N.B.) Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma, College 
of Medicine, Tulsa, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.G. Andrews, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Oklahoma, 
College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (251). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: Studies associating the development of community-acquired pneumonia 
in patients with schizophrenia who treated with antipsychotic agents are 
limited. Five studies addressed the association between pneumonia and 
schizophrenia. Four of these studied the use of antipsychotic agents and the 
development of pneumonia with mixed results. The fifth examined the 
difference in clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia when compared 
to those without the disease. This study was designed to determine if the 
use of antipsychotic agents in patients with schizophrenia is associated 
with the subsequent development of pneumonia. Methods: Electronic medical 
records for patients enrolled in the university-based assertive community 
treatment (ACT) program from 2005 to 2009, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia 
were reviewed using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and 
Related Health Problems (ICD) codes and manually for medical interventions 
associated with upper respiratory infections and related sequelae. This 
project was approved by the university institutional review board. Results: 
Of the 73 patients enrolled in the program for the review period, 30 met the 
criteria for review. Twenty-three of our study patients were male and 7 were 
female. Patients that were reviewed had birth years ranging from 1940 to 
1988. Nine patients had a diagnosis of some potential for compromised lung 
function, such as nicotine abuse or dependence, cannabis abuse, smoking or 
tobacco abuse. Of the 30 patients that were reviewed, none developed an 
upper respiratory infection. Conclusions and Future Directions: In the 
population reviewed, a diagnosis of schizophrenia was not associated with 
the development of an upper respiratory infection including development of 
pneumonia. This could be due to the fact that this population is seen 
frequently in the ACT program, so that any type of infection was detected 
early and treated before problems arose. A number of limitations were 
identified. Larger studies and sample sizes are needed before the lack of 
association can be made. This study also highlights some of the benefits of 
the ACT program, such as frequent evaluation and treatment of psychiatric 
symptoms and prevention and early detection of illness in the schizophrenic 
population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug therapy
  human
  pharmacist
  pneumonia
  schizophrenia
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cannabis addiction
  classification
  community acquired pneumonia
  diagnosis
  diseases
  electronic medical record
  female
  general aspects of disease
  group therapy
  health
  infection
  institutional review
  lung function
  male
  mental disease
  patient
  population
  prevention
  sample size
  smoking
  tobacco dependence
  university
  upper respiratory tract infection
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 508
TITLE
  Disaster impact on the psychiatric patient: A preparedness toolkit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Price S.A.
  Brahm N.C.
  Yeager L.L.
  Puls C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Price S.A.; Brahm N.C.) Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, 
University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, United States.
(Yeager L.L.) School of Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma, College 
of Medicine, Tulsa, United States.
(Puls C.M.) Psychiatrist, Private Practice, Tulsa, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.A. Price, Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University 
of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (282). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: In the aftermath of a disaster, health care workers may find 
access to usual resources, including medications and patient information, 
are no longer available. Based on one practitioner's experience with a 
Hurricane Katrina triage center, a disaster preparedness toolkit to address 
the needs of persons with mental illnesses was developed for use as a 
component of disaster preparedness by mental health professionals to address 
the needs of this special population following activation of disaster plan. 
Description of Innovative Service: Research on disaster preparedness for 
chronically mentally ill disaster survivors offers limited models for 
guidance on intervention strategies for this patient population. This 
toolkit was developed to provide a model for integrating pharmacy services 
into disaster preparedness. As a component of preparedness, the clinical 
pharmacist can help identify rates and types of mental illness in the 
affected area and secure appropriate medications for adequate care of these 
patients, develop plans for rapid importation of medications from outside 
the disaster area, and/or access medications stockpiled for such an event, 
develop protocols to prevent diversion, and ensure expired medications are 
replaced regularly and not included in the active inventory. Impact on 
Patient Care: The psychiatric pharmacist is trained to meet the needs of 
this patient with mental health concerns in a wide variety of settings. 
Interdisciplinary collaboration may include the pharmacist screening and 
counseling people with mental illnesses or substance abuse problems. 
Depending on the setting, the psychiatric pharmacist may work 
collaboratively with the physician to prescribe, monitor, and adjust 
pharmacotherapy regimens. They are also able to provide support with 
medication monitoring and distribution functions. Conclusion: The importance 
of advanced planning cannot be overestimated. Following a disaster, the 
availability of and access to mental health care may be limited. It is, 
therefore, important for institutions to have a response plan and protocols 
for addressing the needs of the mental health patient population both during 
and after a disaster. This model may serve as the starting point for 
clinicians in the development of a disaster preparedness plan to help meet 
the needs of this population.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  mental patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  counseling
  drug monitoring
  drug therapy
  emergency health service
  health care personnel
  health practitioner
  hospital department
  hurricane
  mental disease
  mental health
  mental health care
  model
  patient
  patient care
  patient information
  physician
  planning
  population
  screening
  substance abuse
  survivor
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 509
TITLE
  Treatment of schizophrenia and comorbid diphenhydramine dependence with 
clozapine: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Grgas M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Grgas M.) Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Grgas, Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (249-250). Date of Publication: 
April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine medication, is used for 
allergic reactions and can be found in sleep-promoting products. At high 
doses, it can cause paradoxical insomnia, agitation, and hallucinations. 
Diphenhydramine has a high abuse potential, hypothesized to mimic cocaine in 
the brain. Patients with psychotic disorders are at higher risk of abusing 
substances, including diphenhydramine and alcohol. Studies have shown that 
clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, may help decrease the abuse of 
substances in patients with psychotic disorders. Patient History: The 
patient is a 33-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia, alcohol 
abuse, and diphenhydramine dependence. He started using diphenhydramine as a 
way to elevate his mood, finding antidepressants ineffective in this manner. 
Over a period of 10 years, he increased his diphenhydramine intake to 1350 
mg daily. He also reported drinking up to 2 bottles of wine each day. His 
antipsychotic treatment trials included olanzapine 25 mg/d and risperidone 3 
mg/d. Treatment was discontinued secondary to intolerance. He was started on 
aripiprazole and dose was increased to 20 mg/d. In addition, benztropine was 
started to treat involuntary movements and potentially replace 
diphenhydramine. Patient continued to use diphenhydramine after several 
weeks of treatment and appeared to be responding to internal stimuli. At 
that time, decision was made to initiate clozapine treatment in addition to 
aripiprazole to address the psychotic symptoms. Patient was started on 
clozapine as an outpatient at 50 mg/d and increased monthly by 50 mg. 
Patient achieved a therapeutic level at 350 mg/d. Once stabilized at a 
therapeutic dose of 350 mg/d, patient discontinued using diphenhydramine and 
alcohol. No withdrawal symptoms were present. Patient continues to deny 
using and craving diphenhydramine. Review of Literature: To date, there are 
no placebo-controlled, double-blind trials, nor case reports examining the 
effects of clozapine on diphenhydramine use. There are two published cases 
of clozapine treatment for dimenhydrinate abuse, an antihistamine similar to 
diphenhydramine. Conclusion: Clozapine may be a viable treatment option for 
patients with schizophrenia and comorbid diphenhydramine dependence.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clozapine
  diphenhydramine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  antidepressant agent
  antihistaminic agent
  aripiprazole
  atypical antipsychotic agent
  benzatropine
  cocaine
  dimenhydrinate
  olanzapine
  placebo
  risperidone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case report
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  schizophrenia
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  agitation
  alcohol abuse
  allergic reaction
  brain
  double blind procedure
  drinking
  drug megadose
  drug therapy
  hallucination
  insomnia
  involuntary movement
  male
  medical history
  mood
  outpatient
  patient
  psychosis
  risk
  sleep
  stimulus
  wine
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 510
TITLE
  The efficacy of melatonin for the treatment of sleep disturbances on a 
psychosocial care unit
AUTHOR NAMES
  Peterson J.
  Dress J.
  Thomas C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Peterson J.; Dress J.; Thomas C.) Chillicothe Veterans Affairs Medical 
Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Peterson, Chillicothe Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (279). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Sleep disturbances are prevalent in patients with mental 
illness, including patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 
However, there is limited research that explores the physiological cause of 
sleep disturbances in PTSD patients. One recent study found a significant 
negative correlation between excretion of 6-sulphatoxy melatonin, a urinary 
melatonin metabolite, and clinical indicators of PTSD. These findings 
suggest that there is a potential deficiency of melatonin in PTSD patients, 
which could help account for comorbid sleep disturbances. The present study 
explores whether there is a melatonin deficiency in PTSD patients that could 
be alleviated by treatment with a melatonin supplement. Objective: To study 
the efficacy of melatonin in PTSD patients with sleep disturbances on a 
psychosocial care unit. Methods: The study design is a retrospective cohort 
analysis of patients on a psychosocial care unit, the Psychosocial 
Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program (PRRTP) at the Chillicothe 
Veterans Affairs Medical Center. This study is one part of a combined 
research project that evaluates the efficacy of melatonin in patients with 
sleep disturbances in 2 psychiatric populations, patients with PTSD and 
patients with substance-related disorders. Patients admitted to PRRTP will 
be reviewed to identify those who have completed a baseline and follow-up 
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) survey. For patients who meet this 
criterion, electronic medical records will then be reviewed to identify 
patients who have a history of PTSD and/or melatonin use. The treatment 
group will consist of patients with PTSD who received melatonin, and the 
control group will consist of patients who did not receive melatonin during 
admission to PRRTP. The primary outcome will be change in PSQI score from 
baseline to follow-up time points. In order to determine if melatonin is 
efficacious in the treatment of sleep disturbances, the primary outcome will 
be compared in the treatment and control groups using the Mann-Whitney U 
statistical test. Outcomes: We will report baseline characteristics of the 
participants, including any differences between the treatment and control 
groups. We will also report whether change in PSQI score from baseline to 
follow-up time points are statistically different between PTSD patients who 
received melatonin and control patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  melatonin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  pharmacist
  psychosocial care
  sleep disorder
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  clinical indicator
  cohort analysis
  control group
  electronic medical record
  excretion
  follow up
  mental disease
  metabolite
  patient
  Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
  population
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  rehabilitation
  study design
  veteran
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 511
TITLE
  Assessment of prophylactic clozapine levels in stable outpatients with 
schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wilborn C.
  Perry P.
  Popish S.
  Chou T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wilborn C.; Perry P.; Popish S.; Chou T.) Touro University California, 
College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Wilborn, Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (265). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: While schizophrenia affects an estimated 1% of the population, 
its treatment consumes approximately 2.5% of annual health care 
expenditures. Hospitalization of schizophrenic patients is often due to 
ineffectiveness of or noncompliance with pharmacological treatment. 
Clozapine is generally considered the most effective antipsychotic 
medication, but its use is limited due to the potential for serious side 
effects such as agranulocytosis, weight gain, seizures, and metabolic 
disturbances. The metabolism of clozapine is affected by individual patient 
factors, including ethnicity, smoking, and concomitant medications that 
induce or inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2. Widely variable plasma clozapine 
concentrations may lead to treatment failure or toxicity. These 
complications may be avoided if validated clozapine plasma concentrations 
were established and implemented in the stable outpatient population. This 
study will compare clozapine blood levels attained in a stable, outpatient 
population to individual response measured by a validated psychiatric rating 
scale. Objectives: (1) Examine the clozapine doses and blood levels attained 
from stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and 
(2) Evaluate the correlation between these levels and Brief Psychiatric 
Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. Methods: Participants will be recruited from a 
private psychiatric practice in Sacramento, CA, and the Marin County Mental 
Health system in Marin County, CA. Subjects will be eligible if they have a 
diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and are currently 
taking clozapine. Patients must have been on a stable dose of clozapine for 
at least 10 days. Patient data collected will include age, sex, race, 
weight, smoking status, substance abuse history, comorbidities, and 
medication profile. The BPRS will be used to assess patient response to 
clozapine therapy. For objective 1: A chi-square test will be used to 
compare categorical variables. An ANOVA will be used for categorical 
comparisons of normally distributed continuous variables. For objective 2: A 
correlation coefficient will be used to compare 2 sets of continuous 
variables. Outcomes: We will report average clozapine dose and clozapine 
blood levels. These will be related to BPRS scores and patient demographics 
in order to provide a therapeutic range of clozapine plasma levels in stable 
outpatients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clozapine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cytochrome
  cytochrome P450
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  outpatient
  pharmacist
  schizoaffective psychosis
  schizophrenia
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agranulocytosis
  analysis of variance
  blood level
  Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
  chi square test
  correlation coefficient
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  ethnicity
  health care
  health care cost
  hospitalization
  mental health
  metabolic disorder
  metabolism
  patient
  patient coding
  plasma
  population
  psychological rating scale
  seizure
  side effect
  smoking
  substance abuse
  therapy
  toxicity
  treatment failure
  weight
  weight gain
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 512
TITLE
  Identifying the needs of liver-transplant patients concerning therapeutic 
education
AUTHOR NAMES
  Feutrier C.
  Pasquier F.
  Charpiat B.
  Ducerf C.
  Bailly F.
  Leboucher G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Feutrier C.; Pasquier F.; Charpiat B.; Leboucher G.) Department of 
Pharmacy, France.
(Ducerf C.) Department of Surgery, France.
(Bailly F.) Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 
France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Feutrier, Department of Pharmacy, France.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:2 (303). Date of 
Publication: April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  39th ESCP European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy and 13th SFPC Congress: 
Clinical Pharmacy at the Front Line of Innovations
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Lyon, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-21 to 2010-10-23
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Since March 1999, a pharmaceutical therapeutic education 
consultation has been held to liver-transplant patients (35 patients/year) 
within our hospital. Educational and communication techniques based on 
Calgary- Cambridge interview are used. However, given the complexity of the 
situation of these patients, educational care cannot be limited to 
pharmaceutical competences. The aim of our work was to identify educational 
fields mentioned by patients. Materials & Methods A semi-structured 
interview was proposed to pre and post-transplanted patients during a 
hospital stay or a consultation in the hepatology or surgery departments. 
Open questions were related to their real-life experiences through the 
health system since the announcement of the transplantation project. 40 
Questions related to the disease, transplant, treatments and daily life 
allows us to specify their needs. Patients answered on a four levels 
appreciation scale (fully, rather, not really, not at all). Results 14 
patients (average age: 53) interviewed. 86% transplanted. 93% Declared their 
satisfaction by the overall care they get. 43% Told that it is or was hard 
to consider the transplantation plan (risk of death, complications, 
addiction). Among the transplant patients 92% mentioned their 
immunosuppressant treatment (75% named the drugs). 50% Expressed that they 
didn't know how to cope with side effects and 57% would like to have more 
knowledge. 70% declared their will to deepen their knowledge of the disease, 
36% the transplant (informed consent, potential adverse events). During the 
pre-transplant period, these needs are rather of practical order (welfare 
payments) or involved knowledge of the disease and future treatments. 
Patients who have been transplanted for less than 3 months express their 
difficulties dealing with the side effects of drugs, the lack of 
psychological support... The other patients evoked their difficulties to 
overcome the posttransplant complications from which they didn't receive 
sufficient information. The families also expressed their need to be 
accompanied by attending talking groups. 79% would like to benefit from 
therapeutic education consultation. Discussion & Conclusion This work 
highlights that educational needs are still different and strongly related 
to the patient status regarding the pre- or post-transplantation phase. The 
possibility to have a privileged interlocutor among the therapeutic 
educational team seems to be important. This work allowed us to create a 
framework of skills truly based on patients' needs. Keeping in mind the 
necessity of coordinating the discourse within professionals, we now have to 
define the needs required to implement an extension of the initial education 
program (nature and amount of health care professional resources, training, 
tools and evaluation).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  immunosuppressive agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  education
  human
  liver graft
  patient
  patient education
  quality of life
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  competence
  consultation
  death
  education program
  health care
  health care personnel
  hospital
  hospitalization
  informed consent
  interpersonal communication
  interview
  personal experience
  risk
  satisfaction
  semi structured interview
  side effect
  skill
  surgery
  transplantation
  welfare
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9481-6
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 513
TITLE
  Stabilisation of W/O/W nanoemulsions through the use of stabilising agents 
poly(vinyl alcohol) and nonionic surfactants tween 20 and Span 80
AUTHOR NAMES
  Craythorne N.L.
  Irwin N.
  McCarron P.A.
  Faheem A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Craythorne N.L.; Irwin N.; McCarron P.A.; Faheem A.M.) Department of 
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Science, 
University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.L. Craythorne, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, School 
of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2011) 14:3 (216s-217s). 
Date of Publication: 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  33rd All-Ireland Schools of Pharmacy Research Seminar
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-04-18 to 2011-04-19
ISSN
  1482-1826
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences
ABSTRACT
  The formulation of an orally administered peptide drug has been a coveted 
and elusive design. It was first suggested by Engel et al. in 1968 using the 
water-in-oil-in-water(W/O/W) emulsion technique employed by Herbert in the 
development of an antigen adjuvant (1,2). Employing biodegradable polymers 
as encapsulants allows for shielding of the drug whilst protecting it from 
the harmful proteases found in the gastrointestinal tract. Emulsions in the 
nanoscale range are considerably more beneficial than microemulsions as they 
have the ability to cross tight junctions into cells which had not 
previously been accessible. The development of such an emulsion has been 
hampered in part by the inability to produce and maintain a nanoemulsion 
that can withstand the changes required to produce a stable drug with a 
relatively long shelf life under standard conditions. Often is the case that 
large sedimentary particles are formed, a potentially fatal problem for 
intravenously delivered drugs and for oral drugs a problem that would 
effectively prevent the therapeutic agent from reaching its desired target 
(3). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and non-ionic surfactants were utilised in 
order to stabilise the nanoemulsion thereby reducing the particle size and 
decrease particle sedimentation by increasing Brownian forces within the 
emulsion. A primary emulsion was formed through homogenisation of the 
internal aqueous phase containing ovalbumin, as a model protein, dissolved 
in varying concentrations of Tween 20 and the oil phase containing PLGA 
dissolved in varying concentrations of Span 80 using dichloromethane as the 
dissolution media. A 2% protein load was observed with a phase ratio volume 
being 1:4. The primary emulsion underwent homogenisation with 1.25% PVA to 
form the final w/o/w emulsion. Solvent extraction followed A similar 
experiment was conducted without the use of surfactants with the internal 
phase being replaced by varying concentrations of PVA (0-5% wt) and the oil 
phase being dichloromethane alone. All other factors remained the same. It 
was found that increasing the concentration of Tween 20 at constant 
concentrations of Span 80 had a positive effect on reducing particle size 
when compared to PVA. Furthermore, by increasing the concentration of Span 
80 a further particle size reduction was observed. This suggests that a 
reduction in particle size, whilst more dependent on Span concentration, is 
dictated by both Span 80 and Tween 20. The Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance 
(HLB) achieved was similar to that reached by Khoee and Yaghoobian 
suggesting that it is the increase in hydrophobicity and Critical Packing 
Parameter (CPP) that resulted in decreased particle size(4).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nonionic surfactant
  polysorbate 20
  polyvinyl alcohol
  sorbitan oleate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adjuvant
  antigen
  dichloromethane
  ionic surfactant
  ovalbumin
  peptide
  polymer
  protein
  proteinase
  surfactant
  water
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Ireland
  pharmacy
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  dissolution
  emulsion
  gastrointestinal tract
  hydrophobicity
  model
  nanoemulsion
  particle size
  sedimentation
  shelf life
  solvent extraction
  tight junction
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 514
TITLE
  Pediatricians' treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive 
disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pfalzgraf A.
  Scott V.
  Makela G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pfalzgraf A.) Duquesne University, School of Pharmacy, United States.
(Scott V.) West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, United States.
(Makela G.) Asheville VA Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Pfalzgraf, Duquesne University, School of Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (255). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is a 
serious psychiatric problem and is often treated with antidepressants. MDD 
impacts approximately 2% of children and 4%-8% of the adolescents in the 
United States. MDD is associated with serious risk factors including drug 
and alcohol abuse, impairment in overall functioning, and suicide. Given 
there are serious consequences associated with MDD, treatment of children 
and adolescents with this disorder becomes crucial. Unfortunately, there is 
a shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists to treat these patients. 
This study investigated pediatricians' role in treating children and 
adolescents with MDD after the 2004 US FDA “black box” warning on 
antidepressants. Methods: A survey was mailed to a national random sample of 
pediatricians (n = 2000). Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze 
the data. Results: A usable response rate of 408 (22.9%) was received. A 
majority of pediatricians (245, 60.0%) do not treat either children or 
adolescents with MDD. Forty-eight (11.8%) pediatricians treat only 
adolescents with MDD, while no pediatricians treat only children with MDD. 
The decisions to treat or refer were not mutually exclusive, indicating that 
some pediatricians attempt to treat before referring patients to another 
health care provider. The majority of pediatricians (341, 84.6%) indicated 
they refer both children and adolescents to another health care provider for 
the treatment of MDD. The most commonly cited health care provider to which 
pediatricians refer these patients are psychiatrists. Conclusions and Future 
Directions: Pediatricians reported an unwillingness to treat children and 
adolescents with MDD, indicating a majority of pediatricians do not treat 
these patients. This hesitation on the part of pediatricians to treat may be 
due to the 2004 black box warning. This may be problematic in light of the 
shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists and suggests a lack of 
qualified physicians to prescribe antidepressants to children and 
adolescents with MDD. This, however, presents an opportunity for psychiatric 
pharmacists to educate pediatricians on drug therapy recommendations for MDD 
in children and adolescents. The rationale for pediatricians' hesitation to 
treat these patients was not explored in the current study and may be 
investigated in future research.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adolescent
  child
  college
  human
  major depression
  pediatrician
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol abuse
  diseases
  drug therapy
  food and drug administration
  health care personnel
  only child
  patient
  physician
  psychiatrist
  random sample
  risk factor
  statistics
  suicide
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 515
TITLE
  Frequency and type of interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk in 
mental health patients in an urban teaching hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kiang T.K.L.
  Bains A.
  Feeney S.
  Legal M.
  Lagnado G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kiang T.K.L.; Bains A.; Feeney S.; Legal M.; Lagnado G.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.K.L. Kiang,
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (253). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background/Purpose: Mental health patients have an increased risk of 
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, drugs commonly prescribed in 
this setting (ie, atypical antipsychotics or mood stabilizers) can further 
elevate the risk. Although recommended as a part of the routine workup, 
metabolic monitoring is infrequently done. As well, little is known of the 
interventions commonly implemented in this patient population to reduce the 
CVD risk. Endpoints: (i) To characterize the frequency and type of nondrug 
and drug interventions used to manage CVD risk, (ii) to determine the rate 
of baseline metabolic monitoring, and (iii) to identify commonly missed 
pharmacotherapy. Methods: Mental health patients 18 years or older, admitted 
between July 2008 and October 2009 to psychiatric units in a tertiary, 
teaching hospital and prescribed regularly scheduled atypical antipsychotics 
or mood stabilizers were included. Patients were excluded if they were 
discharged within 3 days of hospital stay. Health records for these 
individuals were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A high proportion (77%) 
received interventions to reduce their CVD risk, and nonpharmacological 
interventions (68%) were more common than pharmacological interventions 
(41%). The most common nonpharmacological interventions were professional 
consultation, metabolic monitoring, and recommendation provided at time of 
discharge. Pharmacotherapy directed toward the management of hypertension, 
diabetes, and dyslipidemia were the frequent pharmacological interventions. 
Only 40% of the study population received baseline metabolic monitoring. 
Equally alarming is the large proportion (57%) of the study population that 
would benefit from additional pharmacotherapy. When categorized by drug or 
drug class, the commonly missed interventions were statin, smoking 
cessation, and antihypertensive therapies. Conclusions: A high proportion of 
the study population received interventions aimed at reducing CVD risk. 
There are opportunities for additional interventions to reduce CVD risk: (i) 
streamlined metabolic monitoring, (ii) routine smoking cessation counseling 
and drug therapy, (iii) enhanced prescribing of statins, ASA, and 
antihypertensive agents where indicated. Recommendations: • implementation 
of a comprehensive metabolic monitoring process • increased participation by 
pharmacy and medicine in metabolic clinics • enhanced metabolic and smoking 
cessation counseling • increased vigilance for drug-related problems and 
possible interventions (statin, antihypertensive, smoking cessation, or 
antiplatelet therapy).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antihypertensive agent
  atypical antipsychotic agent
  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor
  mood stabilizer
  statin (protein)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cardiovascular risk
  college
  human
  mental health
  patient
  pharmacist
  teaching hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alertness
  antihypertensive therapy
  cardiovascular disease
  consultation
  counseling
  diabetes mellitus
  drug therapy
  dyslipidemia
  health
  hospital
  hospitalization
  hypertension
  monitoring
  pharmacy
  population
  psychiatric department
  risk
  smoking cessation
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 516
TITLE
  Opiate use for chronic nonmalignant pain
AUTHOR NAMES
  Englett B.M.
  Botts S.
  Talbert J.
  Lane M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Englett B.M.; Botts S.; Lane M.) Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Kentucky, Lexington, United States.
(Botts S.; Talbert J.; Lane M.) Institute of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and 
Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.M. Englett, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2011) 24:2 (255). Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phoenix, AZ, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-01 to 2011-05-04
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Sage Publications
ABSTRACT
  Background: Chronic nonmalignant pain has many treatment options: 
nonpharmacological and nonopioid and opioid analgesics. Appalachia is a 
rural, economically distressed region that experiences poorer health 
outcomes than other regions. Opiate diversion and abuse is a significant 
problem in Appalachian Kentucky. Opiates are generally reserved as 
second-line treatment options, in part due to these concerns. Objective: 
Determine the extent of opiate use in several chronic nonmalignant pain 
conditions in adult Medicaid beneficiaries and identify variables associated 
with increased opiate use. Methods: This study was a retrospective, 
observational analysis of opiate use in chronic nonmalignant pain using a 
Medicaid claims database. Inclusion criteria were over 18 years of age; 
chronic pain condition (eg, osteoarthritis, low back pain, migraine, or 
neuropathy) diagnosed between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2008; 
resident of 1e of 37 Kentucky Appalachian counties; and at least 11 
continuous months of Medicaid eligibility. Patients diagnosed with 
malignancy or fibromyalgia were excluded. Opiate use was defined as a 
minimum of a 90-day supply over a 12-month period. Frequency of opiate use 
was calculated by pain condition. The effect of covariates (age, gender, 
race, pain diagnosis, and nonopiate medication use) was analyzed using 
logistic regression. Results: A total of 55 664 Medicaid beneficiaries were 
included in this study. The population was predominately female (62%), white 
(87%), and fell within the following age categories: 18-44 years (27%), 
45-65 years (40%), and >65 years (33%). Sixty-four percent of the population 
had a diagnosis of low back pain, 46% osteoarthritis, 17% chronic migraine, 
and 2% neuropathic pain. The majority of subjects were prescribed opiate 
medications (low back pain, 72%; osteoarthritis, 64%; chronic migraine, 80%; 
and neuropathic pain, 67%), regardless of diagnosis. Age and diagnosis 
increased the likelihood of receiving opiate medication. Younger adults aged 
18-44 were more likely to receive opiate therapy than those aged 45-65 (OR = 
1.68, P < .0001) and those aged >65 (OR = 3.06, P < .0001). Beneficiaries 
diagnosed with low back pain are 4.8 times more likely to be prescribed an 
opiate (P < .0001) than those with other chronic pain diagnoses. Conclusion: 
Opiates appear to be the predominant medication used in the treatment of 
chronic nonmalignant pain conditions.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  narcotic analgesic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  human
  pain
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adult
  chronic pain
  data base
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  female
  fibromyalgia
  gender
  health
  logistic regression analysis
  low back pain
  medicaid
  migraine
  neuropathic pain
  neuropathy
  osteoarthritis
  patient
  population
  therapy
  transformed migraine
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011403437
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 517
TITLE
  Studies in the synthesis and impurity profiling of the precursors of the 
amphetamine known as bromo-dragonfly
AUTHOR NAMES
  O'Connor R.
  Keating J.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (O'Connor R.; Keating J.J.) Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, 
University College, Cork, Ireland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. O'Connor, Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University 
College, Cork, Ireland.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2011) 14:3 (212s). Date of 
Publication: 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  33rd All-Ireland Schools of Pharmacy Research Seminar
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dublin, Ireland
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-04-18 to 2011-04-19
ISSN
  1482-1826
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences
ABSTRACT
  Designer alpha-methylphenethylamine drugs of abuse sold on the illicit 
market can contain high levels of unwanted impurities inherent from the 
manufacturing process employed by underground laboratories, which rarely 
incorporates any degree of quality control. Each particular chemical route 
produces a unique set of impurities known as route-specific markers. These 
impurities or chemical signatures are of particular interest to the forensic 
chemist as they can be used as a tool to determine the synthetic protocol. 
Impurity profiling is used to generate this chemical fingerprint, providing 
useful information to the drug enforcement agencies, enabling them to 
monitor underground drug manufacturing and detect and shutdown illegal 
laboratories. Impurity profiling also facilitates the identification of 
potentially harmful impurities in drugs. The work described in this research 
talk focuses on the synthetic steps leading to the Leuckart synthesis of 
1-(8-bromobenzo[1,2-b;4,5- b']difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane 1 (Bromo- 
DragonFLY) and the impurity profiling of its precursors. The synthesis of 
the key precursor 1- (2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-4- 
yl)propan-2-one 2 was adapted from work carried out by Keating (1) and from 
the literature by Chambers et al.(2) and Monte et al.(3). This investigation 
involved a detailed analysis of the chemical route employed for potential 
impurities and possible synthetic deviations. (Graph Presented).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amphetamine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetone
  marker
  propylamine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Ireland
  pharmacy
  precursor
  school
  synthesis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  drug manufacture
  finger dermatoglyphics
  laboratory
  market
  quality control
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 518
TITLE
  Awareness regarding doping among students: A survey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Yadav V.
  Monika
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Yadav V.; Monika) PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Yadav, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
SOURCE
  Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (2011) 55:5 SUPPL. 1 
(184-185). Date of Publication: 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  57th Annual Conference of Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists 
of India
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  New Delhi, India
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-12-13 to 2011-12-17
ISSN
  0019-5499
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To find out awareness regarding doping among pharmacy students. 
Method: A prospective survey was conducted in the department of pharmacy, Pt 
B.D.sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak using a structured 
questionnaire (1-12) regarding what is doping ? Name the drugs used for 
doping, what are the samples send for testing? What punishment is given if 
player found positive? What is WADA & No-needle policy for U.S Olympic 
committee etc and results were analyzed. Results: A total of 120 
undergraduate students were included. Most of (55.7%) students knew about 
doping. 40% students had no knowledge about the types of doping. Out of 120 
students 55% were unaware about the doping tests. 66.8% students had 
knowledge regarding the health hazards of using drugs for doping. Majority 
of students (70%) knew regarding the games in which drugs are taken by the 
players. However 60% students had no knowledge about the positive cases 
detected in India. About 60% students had knowledge regarding punishment, if 
found positive for doping test. However, 30% students did not know the full 
form of WADA. Majority (70%) students had knowledge about the no-needle 
policy for 2012 London Olympics. Conclusion: Most of the students have 
awareness regarding doping.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  doping
  human
  India
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  health hazard
  health science
  needle
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  policy
  punishment
  structured questionnaire
  undergraduate student
  United Kingdom
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 519
TITLE
  How to get doctors addicted to adverse drug reaction notification?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Beausir A.
  Duvauchelle B.
  Gras V.
  Huges D.
  Henry J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Beausir A.; Duvauchelle B.; Gras V.; Huges D.; Henry J.) Centre Hospitalier 
Abbeville, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Beausir, Centre Hospitalier Abbeville, France.
SOURCE
  Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology (2011) 25 SUPPL. 1 (54). Date of 
Publication: April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  15th Annual Meeting of the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 
the 78th Annual Meeting of the Society of Physiology, the 32nd 
Pharmacovigilance Meeting, the 12th APNET Seminar and the 9th CHU CIC 
Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Grenoble, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-03-22 to 2011-03-24
ISSN
  0767-3981
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Health professionals have still many difficulties in declaring potential 
drug side effects. The main reasons are the lack of time and the procedures 
of declaration which are still widely unknown. Since 2008, the Pharmacy of 
our hospital has introduced a real policy to increase doctors awareness of 
the problem so that it complies with the government's legal recommendations 
of March 29th 2004, regarding the setting up of a risk management program. 
The aim is eventually a better autonomy of the prescribers and an increase 
in the declaration number. Both a pharmacist and a doctor have been 
appointed as supervising professionals for pharmacovigilance monitoring. 
However the pharmacist must be the first person to be informed, in order to 
concentrate the activity. Since 2008, each nonresident pharmacy student has 
been sent in a department to follow the daily visit of the doctor and to 
help him to save time by filling the Cerfa form as soon as it was necessary. 
When the students don't work, prescribers are invited to call the 
supervising professional directly. The arrival of a resident pharmacy 
student from May to November 2010 enabled the writing of a simplified 
declaration of adverse drug reaction, accepted by the management risk 
committee of the hospital, and available on the intranet. This policy has 
borne fruit: 9 declarations were sent in 2008 to the Pharmacovigilance 
Regional Center, 17 in 2009, and 30 from January to November 2010, which 
represents an increase of 233% over 2 years. We observe a diversification in 
the declaring services: 3 in 2008, 7 different in 2009 and 10 in 2010. Among 
the 19 declarations registered from May to November 2010, 47% were signaled 
to the supervising professionals or the resident student by phone, 32% 
thanks to the former or the simplified form and 21% by the non-resident 
students. None has been declared via intranet. Mentality change is 
progressively appearing in the hospital. Doctors realize more and more the 
importance of the declaration of drug side effects. Nevertheless we must 
actively continue to inform doctors, help people when they have to fill a 
declaration and rally the whole pharmacy staff: resident and non-resident 
students, pharmacists. Each actor plays a great role to contribute to 
patient's safety.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  drug surveillance program
  human
  pharmacology
  physician
  physiology
  society
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  fruit
  government
  health practitioner
  hospital
  intranet
  monitoring
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  policy
  procedures
  risk
  risk management
  student
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00930.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 520
TITLE
  Outcome of clinical pharmacology and pharmacy project in Cairo University 
Hospitals: The magnitude of drug-related problems in the critical care units
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bazan N.
  Saber-Ayad M.
  Youssry M.
  Osman M.
  El Naggar A.R.
  Zaki M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bazan N.) Department of Critical Care, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
(Saber-Ayad M.) Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, University of 
Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
(Saber-Ayad M.; Youssry M.; Osman M.; El Naggar A.R.; Zaki M.) Department of 
Pharmacology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Bazan, Department of Critical Care, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:2 (297-298). Date of 
Publication: April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  39th ESCP European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy and 13th SFPC Congress: 
Clinical Pharmacy at the Front Line of Innovations
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Lyon, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-21 to 2010-10-23
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Clinical Pharmacy has been recently introduced in the 
curricular content of pharmacy colleges in Egypt. In view of the increased 
awareness of drug-related problems (DRPs), a project started in Cairo 
University Hospitals in 2008 with the main objective of short-term training 
of working pharmacists/clinical pharmacologists on prescription auditing 
under support of evidence-based Medicine (EBM). The project is a joint work 
between the College of Pharmacy and Medicine with the ultimate goal of 
optimizing drug therapy and minimizing DRPs. We started in the Critical Care 
Departments, where DRPs are usually life-threatening; hence the great impact 
on the clinical practice of the overloaded physicians. Here, we present the 
magnitude of the problem as was detected by the newly trained clinical 
pharmacists and pharmacologists in a 6-month period. Materials & Methods 
Data were collected from patients' medical files. The DRPs identified in 
each In-hospital drug chart were written in standardized auditing sheets. A 
number of EBM resources (e.g. BNF, Micro-medex, Up-to-date, Cochrane) were 
used to identify DRPs. The process was carried out by the trained 
demonstrators of pharmacology and the pharmacists of the Critical Care 
Departments. The notes taken by the team members were discussed 
instantaneously with the physicians. Frequently encountered and serious DRPs 
were also discussed at a higher level. The impact of the project on 
improving clinical practice in critical care units will be further studied 
and compared with similar studies and projects.1 Results Out of 800 
in-hospital drug charts revised in the initial phase, 40 charts showed at 
least one DRP (5%). Patients with DRP aged 54.5 ± 17.7 years (14 females, 23 
with cardiac disease). The hospital stay ranged from 3-40 days (mean: 9.8 ± 
7 days with 50% of the patients stayed for<or = 1 week). The most frequent 
DRPs were related to drug-drug interaction overlooked by the treating 
physician (32 out of 40, i.e. 80%). Improper drug doses were noticed in 16 
charts (40%), and incomplete instructions in 11 charts (27.5%). Lack of dose 
adjustment for patients in special situations (renal, liver impairment,... 
etc) was reported in 12 pts, and lack of required TDM in 15 pts. Unnecessary 
drugs as well as duplication of therapy were noticed in 10% of pts' cases 
revised by our team. Discussion & Conclusion Clinical Pharmacists and 
Pharmacologists can play a major and indispensible role in patient care 
through detecting and minimizing drug-related problems. Short-term training 
of working pharmacists and pharmacologists is necessary especially in 
critical care departments. The impact of the project on improving clinical 
practice will be studied at a later stage.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  clinical pharmacy
  intensive care
  pharmacy
  prescription
  university hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical practice
  college
  drug dose
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  Egypt
  evidence based medicine
  female
  heart disease
  hospital
  hospital patient
  hospitalization
  human
  liver
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacology
  physician
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9481-6
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 521
TITLE
  Role of pharmacy technicians in analysis of prescriptions in hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Puech R.
  Rioz C.L.
  Pont E.
  Voutier M.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Puech R.; Rioz C.L.; Pont E.; Voutier M.B.) Department of Pharmacy, Centre 
Hospitalier Pierre Oudot, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Puech, Department of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier Pierre Oudot, 
Bourgoin-Jallieu, France.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:2 (314). Date of 
Publication: April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  39th ESCP European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy and 13th SFPC Congress: 
Clinical Pharmacy at the Front Line of Innovations
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Lyon, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-21 to 2010-10-23
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: The role of pharmacy technicians has undergone substantial 
change over the years with increased use of electronics prescriptions, 
practice innovation and new technologies. Their responsibilities are 
expanding based on their qualifications, experience and training. In France, 
pharmacy technicians attend a specific training to work in various 
activities in a hospital. Clinical pharmacy is commonly activity to develop 
and promote the rational and appropriate use of drugs. Pharmacy technicians 
and pharmacists in collaboration can perform in clinical pharmacy and 
pharmaceutical analysis. So, we developed a specific form, with different 
essential points to validate a prescription, to facilitate the first 
analysis by pharmacy technicians. The aim of this study was to test the 
process enabling pharmacy technicians to identify drug-related problems 
(DRPs) and interventions. Materials & Methods: A pharmacist, a resident 
pharmacist and 3 pharmacy technicians analysed 10 prescriptions. One 
pharmacy technician received a specific training to become a hospital 
pharmacy technician; another one did not receive specific training but used 
the form and the last one was free of training and form. They had access to 
all databases. Results: Pharmacist and resident identified 19 interventions 
associated with DRPs. Pharmacy technician who used the form identified 17 
interventions and other pharmacy technicians 15 interventions. The agreement 
concerned 15 of interventions by resident, 8 of interventions by training 
pharmacy technician, 7 of interventions by other pharmacy technicians. The 
most commonly identified DRPs were drug interaction (between 42% by 
pharmacist and 70% by pharmacy technician free of training and form). The 
most commonly identified interventions were optimization of administration 
(between 42% by pharmacist and 53% by pharmacy technician free of training 
and form). The average analysis time was different between users: 18 ± 6 min 
for pharmacy technician without the form, 10 ± 4 min for resident and other 
pharmacy technicians, and 10 ± 3 min a prescription for pharmacist. 
Discussion & Conclusion: These results showed that pharmacy technician can 
participate to clinical pharmacy. A specific training associated with a 
specific form can become help tools to pre analysis of prescriptions and 
reduce analysis time for pharmacy technicians. Pharmacy technicians detect 
fewer interventions than pharmacist but they could identify some 
interventions. In the future, we would develop a monthly formation about 
pharmacology and rational use of drugs. Pharmacy technician have to assist 
hospital pharmacist in clinical pharmacy activities to promote the correct 
and appropriate use of medicinal products and devices, particularly to 
improve patient safety.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  hospital
  pharmacy technician
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  data base
  devices
  drug interaction
  electronics
  France
  hospital pharmacy
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  pharmacology
  responsibility
  technology
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9481-6
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 522
TITLE
  The impact of pharmaceutical care on patients with hypertension and their 
pharmacists
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Impacto de la atención farmacéutica en pacientes con hipertensión y sus 
farmacéuticos
AUTHOR NAMES
  Skowron A.
  Polak S.
  Brandys J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Skowron A.; Polak S.; Brandys J.) Jagiellonian University, School of 
Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and 
Pharmacoeconomics, Krakow, Poland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Skowron, Jagiellonian University, School of Medicine, Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Krakow, 
Poland.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Practice (2011) 9:2 (110-115). Date of Publication: April-June 2011
ISSN
  1886-3655 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica, Campus de la Cartuja, 
Granada, Spain.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of 
pharmaceutical care on patients' knowledge, quality of life and blood 
pressure and to determine whether new type of pharmaceutical services 
changes the pharmacists' satisfaction and knowledge. Methods: Community 
pharmacies were randomly assigned to study and control group and pharmacists 
from both groups included patients with hypertension, who meet inclusion and 
exclusion criteria. Study group provided the pharmaceutical care (education, 
pharmacotherapy monitoring, detecting and solving drug related problems) for 
their patients, while the control group provided the standard pharmaceutical 
services (dispensing medicines with or without counseling). At the beginning 
and the end of the study pharmacists and patients filled in the knowledge 
test. Pharmacists fulfilled also satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Survey 
data were collected from 28 and 56 patients from community pharmacies in 
study and control group respectively. At the last meeting the normal blood 
pressure achieved 79% and 55% patients in study and control group, 
respectively (p>0,05). The pharmaceutical care improved patients' knowledge 
about disease. Pharmacists from study group, who provided pharmaceutical 
care, had higher level of pharmacotherapy knowledge and professional 
satisfaction than the control group. Conclusion: Implementation of 
pharmaceutical care into the pharmacy practice benefits both, patients and 
pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hypertension
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  blood pressure
  blood pressure measurement
  controlled study
  counseling
  drug industry
  drug monitoring
  female
  health education
  health service
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  pharmacist
  professional practice
  quality of life
  questionnaire
  satisfaction
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English, Spanish
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011343618
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 523
TITLE
  Disagreements between claims data and patient reports from medication 
therapy management interviews when identifying medication-related problems
AUTHOR NAMES
  Yang T.
  Stevens S.
  Segal R.
  Wolf A.L.
  Lannigan J.P.
  Sessions P.A.
  Angaran D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Yang T., syang@cop.ufl.edu; Stevens S.; Segal R.; Wolf A.L.; Lannigan J.P.; 
Sessions P.A.; Angaran D.) University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, 2124 
NE Waldo Rd., Gainesville, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Yang, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, 2124 NE Waldo Rd., 
Gainesville, United States. Email: syang@cop.ufl.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy (2011) 17:3 (245). Date of Publication: 
April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  23rd Annual Meeting and Showcase of the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 
AMCP 2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Minneapolis, MN, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-04-27 to 2011-04-29
ISSN
  1083-4087
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP)
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: The University of Florida College of Pharmacy MTM Call Center 
provides telephonic medication therapy management (MTM) for members enrolled 
in a Medicare Part D plan and qualified for the MTM program. Enrollment 
criteria for MTM are 8 or more Part D covered chronic medications, 3 or more 
chronic diseases, and high annual drug costs. Before each MTM interview, 
diagnosis codes provided by Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services and 
prescription claims submitted within 120 days prior to the interview were 
used to identify medicationrelated problems. During the interview, the 
pre-identified problems are evaluated with the patient, and new information 
relevant to patient's health condition and medication usage are collected. 
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a telephonic patient interview improves upon 
the accuracy of using claims data alone in identifying medication-related 
problems. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 100 medication 
reviews that were conducted during June and July 2010. The following 
categories of medication problems were investigated: drug-drug interaction, 
drug-disease interaction, drug-age interaction, adherence, therapy 
duplications, suboptimal treatment, and medication use without a clear 
indication based on diagnosis code. RESULTS: The sample included both 
subjects older than 65 and younger than 65 who met Medicare eligibility due 
to a qualifying disability; many were dual eligible for Medicare and 
Medicaid. Overall, 921 medication- related problems were identified from the 
examination of claims data before the interview, and after the interview 266 
(28.9%) problems were confirmed based on the patient interviews (see table). 
The change in the number of problems is statistically significant (P < 
0.001, using paired t test) for all categories of medication-related 
problems; 36 new problems were identified during the interview, and the most 
common newly discovered problems were adherence-related issues. CONCLUSIONS: 
Results from the evaluation indicate the insufficiency of (Table Presented) 
identifying medication-related problems based on prescription claims and 
diagnosis codes alone, and telephonic patient interview can be utilized as a 
supplement to claims databases.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  human
  interview
  managed care
  medication therapy management
  patient
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chronic disease
  college
  data base
  diagnosis
  disability
  drug cost
  drug induced disease
  drug interaction
  examination
  health
  medicaid
  medicare
  prescription
  retrospective study
  Student t test
  therapy
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 524
TITLE
  Role of clinical pharmacists' interventions in detection and prevention of 
medication errors in a medical ward
AUTHOR NAMES
  Khalili H.
  Farsaei S.
  Rezaee H.
  Dashti-Khavidaki S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Khalili H., khalilih@tums.ac.ir; Farsaei S.; Dashti-Khavidaki S.) 
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of 
Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155/6451, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
(Rezaee H.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz 
University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Khalili, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran 
University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155/6451, Tehran, 1417614411, 
Iran. Email: khalilih@tums.ac.ir
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:2 (281-284). Date of 
Publication: April 2011
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Objective Frequency and type of medication errors and role of clinical 
pharmacists in detection and prevention of these errors were evaluated in 
this study. Method During this interventional study, clinical pharmacists 
monitored 861 patients' medical records and detected, reported, and 
prevented medication errors in the infectious disease ward of a major 
referral teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Error was defined as any 
preventable events that lead to inappropriate medication use related to the 
health care professionals or patients regardless of outcomes. Classification 
of the errors was done based on Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe 
Foundation drug-related problem coding. Results During the study period, 112 
medication errors (0.13 errors per patient) were detected by clinical 
pharmacists. Physicians, nurses, and patients were responsible for 55 
(49.1%), 54 (48.2%), and 3 (2.7%) of medication errors, respectively. Drug 
dosing, choice, use and interactions were the most causes of error in 
medication processes, respectively. All of these errors were detected, 
reported, and prevented by infectious diseases ward clinical pharmacists. 
Conclusion Medication errors occur frequently in medical wards. Clinical 
pharmacists' interventions can effectively prevent these errors. The types 
of errors indicate the need for continuous education and implementation of 
clinical pharmacist's interventions. Copyright © 2011 Springer 
Science+Business Media B.V.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  medication error
  pharmacist attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical competence
  clinical effectiveness
  clinical evaluation
  continuing education
  controlled study
  dose calculation
  drug choice
  drug classification
  drug monitoring
  drug use
  female
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  infectious disease medicine
  Iran
  major clinical study
  male
  medical education
  patient care
  prevention study
  priority journal
  risk factor
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011379491
MEDLINE PMID
  21394569 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21394569)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9494-1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 525
TITLE
  Problems with self-injecting low-molecular-weight Heparins in primary care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mengiardi S.
  Tsakiris D.A.
  Lampert M.L.
  Hersberger K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mengiardi S.; Hersberger K.E.) Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, 
University of Basel, Switzerland.
(Tsakiris D.A.) Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 
Switzerland.
(Lampert M.L.) Clinical Pharmacy, Canton Hospital Bruderholz, Bruderholz, 
Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Mengiardi, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, 
Switzerland.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:2 (428-429). Date of 
Publication: April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  39th ESCP European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy and 13th SFPC Congress: 
Clinical Pharmacy at the Front Line of Innovations
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Lyon, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-21 to 2010-10-23
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Outpatient subcutaneous (s.c.) therapies are becoming more and 
more common in the treatment of different diseases. Low-molecular-weight 
heparins (LMWH) are frequently used for the prevention and treatment of 
venous thromboembolism. A literature search failed to find studies on 
application problems concerning selfinjection of LMWH in a heterogeneous 
outpatient population under daily life conditions. Thus, we designed this 
study to record drug use problems, patient satisfaction, compliance, 
problems arising form the injection site (abdomen vs. thigh) and residual 
drug volumes in the used pre-filled syringes. Materials & Methods Patient 
recruitment and data collection were carried out in community pharmacies by 
95 skilled, graduating pharmacy students. Data were collected through 
structured questionnaire- based telephone interviews both at the beginning 
and at the end of the LMWH treatment. Drug use problems comprised handling 
difficulties with the injection-device, discomfort, confidence, degree of 
effort required to inject and experience of side effects. Compliance was 
assessed based on patient's self-report. The returned sharps collectors 
allowed investigation of illegitimate recapping, residual drug volume and 
use of needle guards. Results Median age of the 213 patients was 54 years 
(range: 18-88); 50.7% were male and 41.8% had previous outpatient s.c. 
injection therapies. A total of 15.5% had their injections administered by 
another person. The rate of self-reported non-compliance was 17.1%. At least 
one relevant problem with self-injecting was recorded in 85.0% (e.g. lack of 
knowledge concerning injection site or technique, recapping). At the end of 
treatment, 38.9% of patients stated the injections required them some 
effort. The preferred injection site was the thigh with 68.5%. We found no 
differences between those injecting into the abdomen and those into the 
thigh. The needle caps of Fragmin® were rated as significantly easier to 
remove than those of Clexane® and Fraxiparine®. Of patients using 
Fraxiparine® or Fraxiforte ®, 31.3% did not use the post-use needle guards. 
A total of 46.1% of patients had no residual drug in any of their syringes. 
The overall mean residual drug volume was negligible. However, in 59.8% of 
the cases where some residual drug was present, an average of ≥10% (median: 
6.7%; range: 3.7-79.6%) of the total drug volume had not been injected. 
Patients injecting into the thigh showed a higher risk of leaving residual 
medication. Discussion & Conclusion Problems encountered in patients with 
LMWH applications may affect the injection itself or handling of the 
injection-deviceand have to be evaluated on an individual basis. From the 
patient's point of view, injections required some effort. Patient support 
was appreciated, but there is still a need for improvement. Injection-free 
solutions for patients on chronic LMWH use would be appreciated.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  low molecular weight heparin
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  dalteparin
  enoxaparin
  nadroparin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug use
  injection site
  outpatient
  primary medical care
  subcutaneous drug administration
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdomen
  community
  devices
  drug therapy
  human
  information processing
  injection
  interview
  male
  needle
  patient
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  population
  prevention
  risk
  self report
  side effect
  structured questionnaire
  syringe
  telephone
  therapy
  thigh
  venous thromboembolism
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9481-6
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 526
TITLE
  PICU pharmacist interventions: What can they tell us?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Isaac R.
  Gerrard A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Isaac R.; Gerrard A.) Pharmacy Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, 
Birmingham, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Isaac, Pharmacy Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, 
United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Archives of Disease in Childhood (2011) 96:4. Date of Publication: April 
2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  16th Annual Conference of the Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group, 
NPPG 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Sheffield, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-11-12 to 2010-11-14
ISSN
  0003-9888
BOOK PUBLISHER
  BMJ Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
  Objective The Pharmacy Paediatric Intensive Care (PICU) team record 
interventions that affect a patient's episode on PICU. These interventions 
are not always reported via the hospital's incident reporting route. The aim 
of this report is to highlight information that may benefit or infl uence a 
number of healthcare professionals. Methods A database of PICU pharmacist 
intervention records was designed. Categories were allocated to each 
intervention as indicated on the intervention proforma. A single 
intervention can be assigned into more than one category. Categories not 
included on the proforma were added to the database, these included 
premature neonate, pharmacokinetic issues, compatibility, and 
education/advice. Each intervention was coded according to the Medication 
Error Reporting and Prevention (MERP) algorithm.(1) Drugs listed in the 
guidance from the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) or Institute of Safe 
Medication Practice (ISMP) were coded on the database. Results 287 drug 
interventions were added to the database, involving 102 different drugs. 
Over 30% of the interventions involved drugs listed as high risk of causing 
potential harm by the ISMP or NPSA and 62% were drugs given via the 
intravenous route. Numbers of intervention corresponding to MERP medication 
categories are shown in the table below table presented Pharmacists 
prevented more errors reaching patients on Fridays than other days of the 
week, whereas patient harm had occurred more often before pharmacists 
intervened on Mondays. Following increased pharmacist time on the unit, 
there was an increase in numbers of interventions per unit of time. One in 
10 interventions that did not reach the patient were made during the 
attended morning ward round, one in fi ve since introduction of ad hoc 
visits to the unit in the afternoon. The most common reasons for intervening 
was found to be altered renal handling, monitoring issues, wrong frequency, 
drug not prescribed. Sixteen per cent required the pharmacists knowledge of 
altered drug handling, for example, prematurity or renal impairment. 
Antimicrobials were the class of drug requiring most intervention, most 
commonly during to altered handling. The most frequent drugs involved were 
ranitidine, vancomycin, parenteral nutrition, aciclovir, caffeine and 
gentamicin. Non-PICU doctor initiated prescription accounted for 17% or the 
interventions. In 8.3% of interventions the opportunity was also taken to 
provide education or advice to the doctor. Missed therapy or need for a drug 
accounted for 14.7% of interventions, whereas only 2.7% involved stopping 
therapy. One in 20 interventions included problems with drug 
compatibilities. Conclusion Analysis from the intervention records are now 
used for targeted education for medical staff; individuals and general 
education programme. Problem drugs can be prioritised for guideline 
production and alerts are added into the drug reference books to alert 
staff. Interventions by the PICU team should be recorded via the incident 
reporting system.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aciclovir
  antiinfective agent
  caffeine
  gentamicin
  ranitidine
  vancomycin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  algorithm
  book
  data base
  drug therapy
  education
  health care personnel
  hospital
  intensive care
  medical staff
  medication error
  monitoring
  parenteral nutrition
  patient
  patient safety
  pharmacokinetics
  pharmacy
  physician
  prematurity
  prescription
  prevention
  risk
  therapy
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2011.211243.2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 527
TITLE
  Pharmacogenetics for predictive and personalized medicine in post-genomic 
ERA: A long way ahead
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hizel C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hizel C.) C2H-Vichy Genomics, Vichy, France.
(Hizel C.) Pharmacogenetics Consultants, Yeditepe University and Marmara 
University, Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmacogenetics and Drug Safety Unit, 
Istanbul, Turkey.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Hizel, C2H-Vichy Genomics, Vichy, France.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2011) 14:3 (53s-54s). Date 
of Publication: 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  Multidisciplinary Approaches to Modern Therapeutics: Joining Forces for a 
Healthier Tomorrow. An International Symposium Held Jointly by Canadian 
Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, CSPS, Canadian Society for Pharmacology 
and Therapeutics, CSPT, Controlled Release Society, CRS-Canadian Chapter, 
and Natural Health Products Research Society of Canada, NHPRS
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Montreal, QC, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-05-24 to 2011-05-27
ISSN
  1482-1826
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences
ABSTRACT
  The era of post-genomic medicine arrived with the completion of the Human 
Genome Project in 2003, exactly 50 years after the discovery of DNA by 
Watson and Crick which means integration of genetic knowledge in our 
everyday life.Tremendous progress has been done during last several years in 
modern medicine due to rapid development of molecular medicine specifically 
genetics and also as informatics which has accelerated the use of Predictive 
and Personalized Medicine in routine medical and pharmacy practise for more 
efficient treatment of individuals. However, for most clinicians, the 
post-genomic era has not yet arrived. Today, the physicians still have to 
optimize a dosage regimen for an individual patient by “trail-and error” 
method. This kind of blind approach may cause many important adverse drug 
reactions, hospitalizing problem and many avoidable deaths. In addition, 
inefficient treatment cost a lot of money. The concept of predictive and 
personalized medicine is a lifelong and pharmacogenetics, the study of how 
genetic differences influence the variability in patients' responses to 
drugs, forms the cornerstone of predictive and personalized medicine. The 
most important barriers delaying clinical uptake and application of 
pharmacogenomics is lack of knowledge and insufficient education of health 
professionals regarding pharmacogenetics rather than technical issue. 
Moreover, there is a lack of qualification of information concerning to 
pharmacogenetic testing results, the pharmacogenetic testing results without 
precise personalized interpretation regarding to patient's peculiarities, 
such as his/her life style factors like smoking or nutritional status and 
his/her clinical data could not be useful for medical professionals and 
patients. We are in post-genomic era, it is now time... don't miss out on 
this opportunity, make your genes work for you and take control of your 
health!
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  DNA
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Canada
  evoked response audiometry
  health
  personalized medicine
  pharmaceutics
  pharmacogenetics
  pharmacology
  society
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  clinical study
  death
  drug dose regimen
  education
  gene
  genetic difference
  genetics
  health practitioner
  human
  human genome project
  information science
  lifestyle
  money
  nutritional status
  patient
  pharmacogenomics
  pharmacy
  physician
  smoking
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 528
TITLE
  Identification of problems and solutions in seamless care: A qualitative 
study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Foulon V.
  Desplenter F.
  Spinewine A.
  Lacour V.
  De Lepeleire J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Foulon V.; Desplenter F.) Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and 
Pharmaco-Economics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
(Spinewine A.) Cliniques Universitaires de Mont-Godinne, Centre de Pharmacie 
Clinique, Belgium.
(Lacour V.) Centre de Pharmacie Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 
Bruxelles, Belgium.
(De Lepeleire J.) Academisch Centrum Voor Huisartsgeneeskunde, K.U. Leuven, 
Leuven, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Foulon, Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmaco-Economics, 
K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011) 33:2 (339-340). Date of 
Publication: April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  39th ESCP European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy and 13th SFPC Congress: 
Clinical Pharmacy at the Front Line of Innovations
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Lyon, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-21 to 2010-10-23
ISSN
  2210-7703
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Seamless care is the desirable continuity of care delivered to 
a patient in the health care system across the spectrum of caregivers and 
environments. Despite the desirability of such continuity, patients often 
experience drug-related problems as a result of discontinuity of care [1-2]. 
The objectives of this study were to make an inventory of: a) the main 
problems in medication management at transition between settings of care, as 
experienced by health care professionals (HCPs) and patients; b) solutions 
to improve medication management, as proposed by HCPs, patients and 
stakeholders Materials & Methods Two sets of focus group discussions were 
organized between December 2009 and February 2010; nine focus groups with 
HCPs and patients, and two with stakeholders. Focus group discussions were 
tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the thematic framework 
approach. Results The focus groups provided a long list of problems related 
to discontinuity of care, that could be summarized in five different 
clusters, according to the phase in the transition process or the people 
involved: (1) problems at admission, e.g. an incomplete list of medicines; 
(2) problems at discharge, e.g. a patient not (sufficiently) informed; (3) 
problems as to professions, e.g. GP's opinion different to that of the 
specialized physician; (4) problems as to patients and family, e.g. failure 
to understand treatment; (5) problems as to processes, e.g. documents 
difficult to read. There was overall agreement about the need for a 
comprehensive package of solutions. Important parts for this package, are: 
(1) a national information campaign; (2) an up-to-date (paper-based or 
electronic) medication list / plan; (3) a comprehensive discharge file; (4) 
a centralized national electronic patient file including medical, 
pharmaceutical, care and social information; (5) electronic prescribing; (6) 
reimbursement for assisting patients in their medication management; (7) 
therapeutic education for patients; (8) clinical pharmacy, (9) local 
consultation to enhance cooperation between settings of care and HCPs, and 
(10) coordination of medication management. An important factor mentioned in 
most groups was the need for responsibility on the part of the various care 
providers involved. When coordination is required, the GP was often 
mentioned as the most appropriate health care provider. The participants to 
the focus groups also agreed on the necessity of seamless care with regard 
to medications for every patient. However, they stressed that certain 
vulnerable groups require special attention. Discussion & Conclusion 
Important problems exist as to medications at transition moments. The 
involved healthcare professionals identified feasible and desirable 
solutions, that are multifaceted and multileveled, incorporating the input 
of many professionals and organisations.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug therapy
  information processing
  qualitative research
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  caregiver
  consultation
  education
  electronic prescribing
  environment
  health care personnel
  health care system
  human
  occupation
  patient
  patient care
  pharmaceutical care
  physician
  reimbursement
  responsibility
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9481-6
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 529
TITLE
  Reforms in pharmaceutical education: Need based curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Saraf M.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Saraf M.N., saraf@bcpindia.org) Bombay College of Pharmacy, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. N. Saraf, Bombay College of Pharmacy, India. Email: saraf@bcpindia.org
SOURCE
  Pharma Times (2011) 43:3 (33). Date of Publication: March 2011
ISSN
  0031-6849
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Indian Pharmaceutical Association, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, India.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  education
  health care policy
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  article
  continuing education
  drug misuse
  health care cost
  medical ethics
  pharmaceutical care
  postgraduate education
  professional competence
  quality control
  skill
  teaching
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011301186
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 530
TITLE
  APhA-ASP project chance: USC school of pharmacy: Advancing diversity and 
pharmaceutical training (ADAPT)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Yu T.
  Yoo S.
  Johnson K.
  Chen S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Yu T., terrance.yu@usc.edu; Yoo S.; Johnson K.; Chen S.) University of 
Southern California, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Yu, University of Southern California, United States. Email: 
terrance.yu@usc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2011) 51:2 (230). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Seattle, WA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-25 to 2010-03-28
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: USC ADAPT sends studentpharmacists to five 340B clinics to apply 
their classroom knowledge by assuming roles as health educators to the 
medically underserved population in Los Angeles. Students are expected to 
sharpen their cultural competency, to learn the role of the 340B program and 
assist patients in obtaining its benefits in the clinics, and to motivate 
and counsel participants in smoking cessation. Methods: Forty-six students 
received training from the project directors and faculty advisors before 
participating in ADAPT. ADAPT serves the community through three components: 
health education presentations, smoking cessation program, and yearround 
safety-net clinic volunteering. (1) Student pharmacists educate participants 
from substance abuse recovery groups at the clinics through PowerPoint 
presentations and interactive activities. ADAPT uses a short, 
postpresentation survey to assess the participants' comprehension and 
responsiveness to the classes. (2) The smoking cessation program, combining 
the Nicotrol Inhaler drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy, assists 
participants in quitting smoking over three 10-week courses in the summer, 
fall, and spring. Weekly classes begin with lectures on topics such as the 
dangers of smoking, urge management, and benefits of quitting. Each class 
ends with an interactive, one-on-one counseling session between a student 
and a participant. ADAPT assesses the classes by tracking patient 
attendance, performance, and weekly usage of cigarettes and/or cartridges. 
(3) In the year-round safety-net clinic volunteering program, student 
pharmacists serve in 340B qualified dispensaries and shadow clinical 
ambulatory care pharmacists. Students log their volunteer hours, activities, 
and reflections, which ADAPT assesses. ADAPT also hosts education modules 
presented by faculty advisors to teach students the concept behind 340B 
programs and patient consultation skills. Results: ADAPT plans to expand 
last year's goals by increasing number of student pharmacists to participate 
in patient care in the safety-net clinics and explore pharmacy career 
opportunities in underserved communities. This year, ADAPT aims to educate 
more than 300 participants and assist 25 participants to quit smoking. ADAPT 
is seeking new ambulatory care pharmacists as preceptors for the clinic 
volunteering program and plans to expand to new sites.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  cognitive therapy
  community
  comprehension
  consultation
  counseling
  cultural competence
  drug therapy
  education
  health education
  health educator
  hospital
  hospital patient
  human
  medically underserved
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  population
  safety
  skill
  smoking
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  smoking cessation program
  student
  substance abuse
  summer
  United States
  volunteer
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2011.11517
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 531
TITLE
  Neuroimmune pharmacology as a component of pharmacology in medical school 
curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chen Y.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chen Y.F., yfchen@mail.cmu.edu.tw)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Y. F. Chen, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical 
University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40421, Taiwan. Email: 
yfchen@mail.cmu.edu.tw
SOURCE
  Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (2011) 6:1 (63-67). Date of Publication: 
March 2011
ISSN
  1557-1890
  1557-1904 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York, 233 Springer Street, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  An introduction to the discipline of pharmacology is a standard part of the 
scientific foundation of medical school curricula. Neuroimmune pharmacology 
is a new subtopic that integrates fundamental concepts of neuroscience, 
immunology, infectious disease, and pharmacology. The integration of these 
areas is important to medical training in view of the growing concern over 
neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive disorders. This article introduces 
a submodule and concomitant syllabus for inclusion of neuroimmune 
pharmacology as a component of a pharmacology curriculum. The introductory 
lectures of neuroimmune pharmacology will concentrate on the role of the 
immune system in (1) schizophrenia and major depression; (2) 
neurodegenerative disorders; and (3) drug addiction. Emphasis will be placed 
on the competencies of critical thinking, problem solving, learning 
interest, and effectiveness of medical students. Problem-based learning and 
case study discussions will also be applied. © 2010 Springer 
Science+Business Media, LLC.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  immunopharmacology
  neuroimmunology
  neuropharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  critical thinking
  curriculum development
  degenerative disease
  drug dependence
  human
  immune system
  major depression
  medical education
  medical practice
  medical student
  mental performance
  priority journal
  problem based learning
  problem solving
  review
  schizophrenia
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Immunology, Serology and Transplantation (26)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011062306
MEDLINE PMID
  21107746 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107746)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9252-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 532
TITLE
  The prophylactic use of Pabrinex during alcohol detoxification treatment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Benaouda F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Benaouda F.) St. Charles Hospital, Central North West London NHS Trust, 
United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. Benaouda, St. Charles Hospital, Central North West London NHS Trust, 
United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Clinical Pharmacist (2011) 3:3 (S2). Date of Publication: March 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  College of Mental Health Pharmacy Conference 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Leicestershire, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-22 to 2010-10-24
ISSN
  1758-9061
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is common (>1%) and associated with alcohol 
dependence (>80%).(1) The initiation of alcohol detoxification (AD) may 
precipitate the onset of WE, since it has been reported to cause a large 
reduction of thiamine stores in patients.(1,2) The trust's AD policy 
recommends a prophylactic Pabrinex intramuscular (IM) course for all 
inpatients undergoing AD.(1) Concerns have been raised across the trust with 
regards to the effective and routine use of Pabrinex during AD. AIM AND 
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the audit was to assess the quality of WE prevention 
during inpatient AD in order to identify the limiting factors for the 
implementation of the trust's guidelines. The objectives were to assess: (1) 
the route of the prophylactic thiamine replenishment therapy used, (2) the 
duration and initiation of the Pabrinex IM course, and (3) the continuation 
oral supplementation therapy. METHOD: The audit included all inpatients 
undergoing AD within the trust (six mental health units (MHUs) and one 
substance misuse unit (SMU)), between 5 and 31 January 2010. The audit 
standards were: (1) Pabrinex IM injection should be administered on day 1 of 
the AD to all inpatients undergoing AD; (2) it should be continued for three 
to five days, unless contraindicated; and (3) it should be followed by oral 
supplementation (vitamin B compound and thiamine). RESULTS: At the SMU, 
standard 1 was adhered to at a high percentage (94%). However, the adherence 
to this standard at the MHU was very low (20% at MHU1 and 0% at MHU2). 
Interestingly, all the participants received oral supplementation of 
thiamine alone or in combination with vitamin B complex. At MHU1, Pabrinex 
was initiated on day 4 of the AD regimen, whereas it was started on day 1 in 
all the cases at the SMU. At both sites, IM Pabrinex was continued for five 
days and in 94% of the cases, Pabrinex IM therapy was followed by oral 
supplementation using a combination of thiamine and vitamin B strong 
compound. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In spite of the limitations of the 
audit, the obtained data clearly indicated that the adherence of the MHUs to 
the trust's policy regarding the prophylactic use of Pabrinex IM injection 
was poor. Analysis of the audit results identified numerous reasons, 
including consultants being reluctant to prescribe Pabrinex, the trust 
guidelines not being sufficiently directive, concerns about the risk of 
anaphylactic shock, and patient refusal (which accounted for 7.5% only). 
Accordingly, it was suggested to increase awareness regarding the trust 
guidelines on the prophylactic use of Pabrinex within the medical team and 
to highlight the benefit to risk ratio profile of Pabrinex IM injection (one 
report of associated anaphylactic reaction for every 5 million pairs sold4 
vs >1% risk of developing WEI). With respect to the trust's guidelines 
document, it was proposed to include a treatment flowchart in order to 
clarify the thiamine prophylactic treatment steps for inpatient AD further. 
It was also suggested to reaudit six months following the implementation of 
the action plan to cover a longer period.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  thiamine
  vitamin B complex
  vitamin B group
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  detoxification
  mental health
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  anaphylaxis
  anaphylaxis
  consultation
  hospital patient
  human
  injection
  medical audit
  mental health center
  patient
  policy
  prevention
  risk
  supplementation
  therapy
  Wernicke encephalopathy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 533
TITLE
  Pharmacy office as an strategy to assess safety and adherence to 
pharmacotherapy
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  El consultorio farmacéutico como estrategia para evaluar la seguridad y la 
adherencia a la farmacoterapia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Murillo S. L.M.
  Santamaria V. P.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Murillo S. L.M., lauramurillo@fundamep.com) Fundación Médico Preventiva 
para el Bienestar Social, Calle 51 N˚ 42-61, Medellín, Colombia.
(Santamaria V. P.A.) Programa de farmacovigilancia, Fundación médico 
preventiva para el Bienestar Social, Colombia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.M. Murillo S., Fundación Médico Preventiva para el Bienestar Social, Calle 
51 N˚ 42-61, Medellín, Colombia. Email: lauramurillo@fundamep.com
SOURCE
  Vitae (2011) 18:2(1) (S65-S66). Date of Publication: 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  1st Congreso Colombiano de Atencion Farmaceutica
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Medellin, Colombia
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-09-08 to 2011-09-10
ISSN
  0121-4004
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Universidad de Antioquia
ABSTRACT
  Rationale: The pharmacy office is an organization strategy that allows 
interventions aimed at treatment effectiveness and safety improvement. It 
specially serves polymedication cases, adherence problems and adverse drug 
reaction (ADR) risk. Aim: To assess pharmacotherapy safety and adherence 
through pharmacist office. Methods: 100 polymedicated and polyconsulting 
patients were selected. 20 of them were referred by physicians and the 
pharmacy service. Interviews were performed during from March to May 2011. 
They focused on identifying information related to dosing, administration 
frequency, treatment duration, usage, interactions, adverse reactions 
(analyzed through laboratory tests and clinical progress) and therapy 
adherence (based on missed doses). Results: The 100-patient sample was 
composed of 77% women, 66% older adults and 28% adults. Each patient was 
diagnosed with two or more pathologies under treatment. The most common 
pathologies were hypothyroidism (HPT), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus 
(DM) and dyslipidemias (DLP). In addition, 20% suffered DLP-DM- HTN and 14%, 
DLP-DM-HTN-HPT. Regardless gender, 57% of the patients were adherent to 
treatment. 35% of the assessed patients showed ADR, mainly related to 
gastric reactions (56%) and to reactions in the central nervous system 
(24%). 8% of the patients manifested drug misuse and 32% reported 
auto-medication, chiefly with physiotherapy products (58%) and medicaments, 
such as calcium and acetaminophen (22%). Conclusions: When dealing with 
polymedicated patients, the office condition allows the assessment of 
adherence and safety of the pharmacology treatment. These variables refer to 
values that can be intervened with information and education programs, 
supported by pharmacotherapy follow-up, for ADR cases.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  calcium
  drug
  paracetamol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  drug therapy
  human
  patient compliance
  pharmacy
  safety
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  central nervous system
  diabetes mellitus
  drug misuse
  dyslipidemia
  education program
  female
  follow up
  gender
  hospital department
  hypertension
  hypothyroidism
  interview
  laboratory test
  pathology
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacology
  physician
  physiotherapy
  risk
  therapy
  treatment duration
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  Spanish, English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 534
TITLE
  Neuroimmune pharmacology as an emerging curriculum for pre-medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Buch S.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Buch S.J., sbuch@unmc.edu)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. J. Buch, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 
University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center (DRC 
8011), Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States. Email: sbuch@unmc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (2011) 6:1 (68-70). Date of Publication: 
March 2011
ISSN
  1557-1890
  1557-1904 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York, 233 Springer Street, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  As science continues to evolve and expand some major areas of interest are 
now crossing boundaries to become multi-disciplinary in nature closely 
reflecting the biological processes of the organism as a whole. The fields 
of neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology are good examples of one such 
emerging inter-disciplinary area. This article is focused on developing a 
curriculum for undergraduate pre-medical students in the area of neuroimmune 
pharmacology (NIP) to empower them with the knowledge of neuroscience and 
its interaction with immune responses and drug interactions. This course is 
intended to amalgamate and put into perspective a large body of knowledge 
including: (1) brain function in health and disease, (2) cross talk between 
neural and immune responses, and (3) the pharmacology of drugs of abuse in 
the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this course is to 
expose pre-medical students to the field of NIP so that they are equipped 
with a solid foundation in these multidisciplinary fields for future 
clinical/academic careers. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  medical education
  neuroimmunology
  neuropharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  brain function
  drug abuse
  immune response
  nerve potential
  priority journal
  review
  student
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Immunology, Serology and Transplantation (26)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011062295
MEDLINE PMID
  20607431 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20607431)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9229-4
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 535
TITLE
  Personal formulary for anxiety disorder developed by post graduates of 
pharmacology
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mohan L.
  Manish Manish
  Bairy K.L.
  Mohan Babu Amberkar V.
  Narayanareddy M.
  Meena Kumari K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mohan L., mini41178@yahoo.co.in; Bairy K.L.; Mohan Babu Amberkar V.; 
Narayanareddy M.; Meena Kumari K.) Dept of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical 
College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
(Manish Manish) Dept of surgery, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Meena Kumari, Dept of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 
University, Manipal, India. Email: mini41178@yahoo.co.in
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2011) 
7:1 (92-96). Date of Publication: March-April 2011
ISSN
  0976-044X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Global Research Online, Plot No: 6, R. K. Lake view, Hebbagudi, Anekal 
Taluk, Bangalore, India.
ABSTRACT
  Selection of a drug for disease requires proper skill. Physicians select 
drug for a disease on the basis of efficacy, safety, cost and availability 
of medicine. Unfortunately, selection is not always done carefully as it is 
often based on previous experience or promotional campaigns by 
pharmaceutical companies. Personal drug concept deals with selection of 
drugs for disease. Undergraduate medical students are the future doctors, 
who require proper training to develop personal formulary for disease. In 
2001, 'Teachers' Guide to Good Prescribing' was developed as a companion 
volume to help medical teacher for teaching undergraduate medical students. 
Students are taught to develop a standard treatment for common disorders and 
a set of firstchoice drugs called Personal or P-drugs or personal formulary. 
Students develop their set of P-drugs using National and International 
treatment guidelines, formularies, textbooks and other sources of drug 
information. It is a method of orienting students towards therapeutics and 
to expose them to a sequential decision-making process for developing 
prescribing skills. The faculty of department of Pharmacology of Kasturba 
Medical College took initiative to teach post graduate (PG) students 
regarding the development of personal formulary. The ultimate aim is to 
expand this exercise further to teach undergraduate medical students to 
develop their own personal formulary. This paper describes the teaching of 
development of personal formulary for anxiety disorders, which demonstrates 
the usefulness of P drug concept approach, relevance in understanding a 
particular topic and rational drug prescription.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alprazolam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  antihistaminic agent (drug therapy)
  benzodiazepine (drug therapy)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  buspirone (drug therapy)
  chlordiazepoxide (drug therapy)
  diazepam (drug therapy)
  escitalopram (drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (drug therapy)
  hydroxyzine (drug therapy)
  lorazepam (drug therapy)
  oxazepam (drug therapy)
  paroxetine (drug therapy)
  propranolol (drug therapy)
  sedative agent (drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anxiety disorder (drug therapy, drug therapy)
  drug use
  personal drug concept
  personal formulary
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  blurred vision (side effect)
  decision making
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug cost
  drug dependence (side effect)
  drug efficacy
  drug safety
  fatigue (side effect)
  human
  medical school
  muscle weakness (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  patient information
  pharmacology
  postgraduate education
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  skill
  teaching
  vertigo (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  buspirone (33386-08-2, 36505-84-7)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  escitalopram (128196-01-0, 219861-08-2)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  hydroxyzine (2192-20-3, 64095-02-9, 68-88-2)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  oxazepam (604-75-1)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011507948
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 536
TITLE
  Identification of DRPs and recommendations made by P4 pharmacy students 
completing MTM activities during required community pharmacy APPEs
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hale K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hale K., katherine.hale@umontana.edu) University of Montana Skaggs, School 
of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Hale, University of Montana Skaggs, School of Pharmacy, United States. 
Email: katherine.hale@umontana.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2011) 51:2 (260-261). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Seattle, WA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-25 to 2010-03-28
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Evaluate the number and type of drug-related problems (DRPs) 
identified, and subsequent recommendations made, by fourth-year pharmacy 
students completing medication therapy management (MTM) activities during 
required community advanced pharmacy practice experiences (CAPPEs). Methods: 
Students completing required CAPPEs at the University of Montana Skaggs 
School of Pharmacy are required to complete two MTM cases and submit 
relevant care plans during the 4-week rotation. Care plans were included for 
analysis if they were submitted during academic year 2008-2009, complete, 
followed SOAP note format, and the patient was 18 years or older. The CAPPE 
coordinator coded and examined each care plan for the presence of 
predetermined categories of DRPs and recommendations. Patient demographics 
including age, gender, number of chronic diseases, and number of 
prescription and overthe-counter medications were gathered. Results: 
Fifty-five students submitted 86 care plans. The average patient was 65 
years (range, 25-96); had seven chronic diseases (range, 1-16); took 10 
prescription medications (range, 2-25); and took two over-the-counter 
medications (range, 0-35). Students identified 511 total DRPs and made 638 
recommendations. An average of six DRPs were identified and seven 
recommendations made per patient. The most commonly reported DRPs included: 
drug-drug interactions (26.4%); duplicate therapies (12.1%); untreated 
medical indication (11.5%); and drug adverse effect (11.1%). The most common 
recommendations were: no change, monitor therapy (31.5%); medication 
counseling (20.2%); add new medication (11.4%); and discontinue medication 
(10.5%). Conclusion: By reviewing the ability of students to identify actual 
DRPs and make relevant recommendations to resolve them, information about 
the preparation of pharmacy students for their final professional year can 
be gathered. Although the findings may be specific to University of Montana, 
the methods can be generalized to other pharmacy programs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  chronic disease
  counseling
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  gender
  human
  medication therapy management
  patient
  prescription
  school
  student
  therapy
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2011.11517
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 537
TITLE
  Novel approach to implementing MTM services in a free clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Whetsel T.
  Vinh D.
  Carbonara G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Whetsel T., twhetsel@hsc.wvu.edu; Vinh D.; Carbonara G.) West Virginia 
University, School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Whetsel, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, United States. 
Email: twhetsel@hsc.wvu.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2011) 51:2 (263). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2011
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Seattle, WA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-25 to 2010-03-28
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To implement and evaluate a medication therapy management (MTM) 
service in a free clinic using third-year (P3) student pharmacists and 
practice faculty preceptors. Methods: The site is a primary care clinic 
providing health care at no cost to uninsured, low-income patients. In 2009, 
there were more than 21,000 patient encounters and more than 54,000 
prescriptions dispensed at the clinic. Because of the lack of MTM services 
available, the clinic partnered with the pharmacy school to develop and 
implement a MTM program. P3 students receive patient profiles 1 week before 
the patient visit. They perform a comprehensive medication review and 
identify patient counseling points. The students present their patient to 
the faculty preceptor before the patient appointment. During the patient 
visit, the students review each medication with the patient, address patient 
concerns, and complete a written medication record and medication action 
plan. Documentation is placed in the patient's electronic medical record. 
Initial evaluation of the service will include the following variables: 
number of patients scheduled for a MTM visit, number of patients keeping 
their appointment, number and type of drug-related problems identified, and 
types of interventions made. Results: Approximately 60 patients will be 
scheduled for a MTM visit over the next 5 months. Seven patients have been 
scheduled for appointments to date; two patients kept their appointment. 
Sixteen drug-related problems were identified: eight medications without 
indications, three patients nonadherent to therapy, three inappropriate 
therapies, one drug interaction, and one duplicate therapy. Providers were 
notified of drug-related problems through the patient's electronic medical 
record. Strategies to improve patient attendance at scheduled appointments 
will be implemented.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  documentation
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  health care
  human
  lowest income group
  medication therapy management
  patient
  patient counseling
  pharmacist
  prescription
  primary medical care
  school
  student
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2011.11517
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 538
TITLE
  Design and validation of a pharmacovigilance method to detect drug-related 
problems in hospital setting
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Diseño y validación de una metodología de farmacovigilancia activa para 
detectar problemas relacionados con medicamentos en el ambito hospitalario
AUTHOR NAMES
  Caro R. R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Caro R. R.A., angela.caro@fsfb.org.co) Quimica Farmaceutica, Especialista 
en Epidemiologia General. Ms Atencion Farmaceutica, Hospital Universitario 
de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Calle 119 N ˚7-75, Bogotá, Colombia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.A. Caro R., Quimica Farmaceutica, Especialista en Epidemiologia General. 
Ms Atencion Farmaceutica, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de 
Bogotá, Calle 119 N ˚7-75, Bogotá, Colombia. Email: angela.caro@fsfb.org.co
SOURCE
  Vitae (2011) 18:2(1) (S89-S90). Date of Publication: 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  1st Congreso Colombiano de Atencion Farmaceutica
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Medellin, Colombia
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-09-08 to 2011-09-10
ISSN
  0121-4004
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Universidad de Antioquia
ABSTRACT
  Rationale: In Colombia, active pharmacovigilance is restricted to isolated 
efforts of pharmacists. They are focused on monitoring appropriate use of 
drugs and adverse drug reactions (ADR). Aim: To design and validate a method 
to detect process (Drug-related problems, DRP) and result (ADR) problems by 
using an epidemiological method. Methods: The design was based on a 
bibliographic review and a collectively created method with the Pharmacy 
students from the Universidad Nacional. Validating required projects based 
on the methodology to detect DRP and ADR of heparin, insulin, morphine, 
antibiotics, oncologic drugs, oral antidiabetes and drugs newly included on 
the therapy form. Results: The design methodology included the following 
characteristics: 1) type of study: descriptive, observational, ambispective 
(prospective: Determining the DRP in pharmaceutical processes in contrast to 
the defined standards. And retrospective: by using a marking drug, produce a 
search for non-compliance dispensing or administration, medication error and 
ADR onset). 2) Study population: patients under treatment with the selected 
drugs, assessed during short periods of time. 3) Scope: DRP identification 
according to the pharmaceutical procedures (storage, distribution, 
dispensing and administration) and ADR, according to the drug and the onset 
time. For validation, the defined drugs are assessed according to their 
strengths: standardized and timely storage, distribution and dispensing 
procedures. DRPs were detected as incoherence in an administration record 
and two cases showed a lower than suggested infusion rate. ADRs, such as 
nausea and constipation, were detected with opiate administration. The 
methodology was not useful for newly included drugs due to the limited 
sample under treatment during the chosen time period. Conclusion: The 
presented methodology might be used to generate systematic, replicable and 
useful studies to assess DRPs and ADRs and the advantages of the procedures.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent
  heparin
  insulin
  morphine
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  drug surveillance program
  hospital
  study design
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Colombia
  constipation
  human
  infusion rate
  medication error
  methodology
  monitoring
  nausea
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  population
  procedures
  storage
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  Spanish, English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 539
TITLE
  Neuroimmune pharmacology as a sub-discipline of immunology in the medical 
school curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cabral G.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cabral G.A., gacabral@vcu.edu)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. A. Cabral, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, 
Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 
23298-0678, United States. Email: gacabral@vcu.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (2011) 6:1 (57-62). Date of Publication: 
March 2011
ISSN
  1557-1890
  1557-1904 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York, 233 Springer Street, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  This article provides a description of a proposed sub-module and attendant 
syllabus for inclusion of neuroimmune pharmacology as a sub-discipline of an 
immunology course that is offered to medical students during the first year 
of medical school. Neuroimmune pharmacology is an area of study that 
integrates fundamental concepts in pharmacology, immunology, neuroscience, 
and infectious disease. This convergent disciplinary area is of increasing 
importance to the foundational training of medical students, especially in 
view of the recognition that a variety of neuropathological processes such 
as demyelinating disease, drug abuse, and viral encephalitis has an 
immunological component. A lecture sub-module that addresses this convergent 
topic is proposed for inclusion as a sub-discipline of an immunology course 
offered as a component of a Scientific Foundations curriculum that takes 
place during the first 6 months of medical school. It is proposed to revisit 
the neuroimmune pharmacology topic area in a more clinical setting during 
the subsequent 14 months of study when medical students would be presented 
with an organ system-based curriculum. In this instructional model, basic 
science teaching faculty would interface with clinical faculty in presenting 
the topical block material in the context of different organ systems. 
Discussion of clinical cases related to neuroimmune pharmacology would be 
integrated into the organ system-based curriculum in order to highlight a 
translational relevance to medical practice. © 2010 Springer 
Science+Business Media, LLC.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  neuroimmunology
  neuropharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  medical education
  medical school
  medical student
  neuropathology
  priority journal
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (5)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Immunology, Serology and Transplantation (26)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011062296
MEDLINE PMID
  20607430 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20607430)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9230-y
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 540
TITLE
  Digoxin as marking drug in pharmacotherapy follow-up
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Digoxina como medicamento señalador para el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico
AUTHOR NAMES
  Angulo C. N.
  Jiménez E. C.M.
  Villegas V. E.L.
  Restrepo G. M.M.
  Hincapié G. J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Angulo C. N.; Villegas V. E.L.) IPS Universitaria, Clínica León XIII, 
Carrera 51D N˚ 62-69, Medellín, Colombia.
(Angulo C. N.; Jiménez E. C.M.; Villegas V. E.L.; Restrepo G. M.M.; Hincapié 
G. J.A., jaimealejandro.h@gmail.com) Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de 
Química Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A.1226. Calle 67 N˚ 
53-108, Medellín, Colombia.
(Jiménez E. C.M.; Hincapié G. J.A., jaimealejandro.h@gmail.com) Grupo de 
Investigación Promoción y Prevención Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia, 
A.A.1226. Calle 67 N˚ 53-108, Medellín, Colombia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.A. Hincapié G., Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química 
Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A.1226. Calle 67 N˚ 53-108, 
Medellín, Colombia. Email: jaimealejandro.h@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Vitae (2011) 18:2(1) (S33-S34). Date of Publication: 2011
CONFERENCE NAME
  1st Congreso Colombiano de Atencion Farmaceutica
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Medellin, Colombia
CONFERENCE DATE
  2011-09-08 to 2011-09-10
ISSN
  0121-4004
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Universidad de Antioquia
ABSTRACT
  Rationale: Pharmacotherapy follow-up (PF) needs to be efficient. For this 
reason, it is necessary to set up a list of marking drugs to make easier the 
selection of patients requiring this service. Digoxin has a narrow 
therapeutic window and a complex safety profile. These characteristics make 
it suitable to be included in the list, but it lacks objective information 
in this regard. Aim: To create a support for digoxin consideration as a PF 
marking drug, by using the results of PF for patients with a digoxin 
prescription. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive case study including the 
PFs of inpatients in a high complexity hospital. Collected data was based on 
the process reports produced by students of the Clinical Pharmacy Practicals 
from the Facultad de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia. Data 
was collected between February and June 2011. Results: 240 cases of FP were 
found during this time period. 15 of them (6.3%) had a prescription for 
digoxin, most were for elderly patients (mean = 78 years). 6 out of the 15 
cases (40%) presented result problems and 11 (73%), usage problems 
associated to digoxin. From the theoretical point of view, dosing adjustment 
or discontinuation was required for 9 patients (when comparing prescribed 
dosing and appropriate/calculated dosing). Nevertheless, in practice, this 
happened in 6 cases only, where a health problem made evident the need for 
dosing modification. A statistical correlation between calculated dosing 
adjustment and real adjustment was found (Cramer's V = 0.738). PF was 
considered as necessary in 12 cases (80%) given the fact that at least one 
of the problems was suitable for pharmaceutical intervention. 6 
interventions were suggested and 4 were accepted (67%). Conclusion: The 
usage of digoxin by oral administration is associated to a high probability 
of problems related to drugs. Thus, its addition to the list of marking 
drugs for PF is fully supported.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  digoxin
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  mica
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug therapy
  follow up
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  case study
  health
  hospital
  hospital patient
  human
  oral drug administration
  patient
  prescription
  safety
  student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  Spanish, English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 541
TITLE
  Risks and benefits of available treatments for adult ADHD.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Newcorn J.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Newcorn J.H.) Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of 
Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.H. Newcorn, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of 
Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
SOURCE
  The Journal of clinical psychiatry (2011) 72:3 (e12). Date of Publication: 
Mar 2011
ISSN
  1555-2101 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Several pharmacotherapeutic options, both FDA-approved and off-label, exist 
for the treatment of adult ADHD. The most commonly used agents include 
several stimulants and atomoxetine, which have demonstrated significant, 
though similar, efficacy for ADHD versus placebo. Treatment should be 
selected according to patient comorbidity profiles, cardiovascular risks, 
and risk of abuse of prescription medications. In this activity, treatments 
for ADHD with and without comorbidity are discussed, including mechanisms of 
action, safety risks, and the potential for substance abuse. Implementing 
psychosocial education in conjunction with pharmacotherapy is recommended. © 
Copyright 2011 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  atomoxetine
  central stimulant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  propylamine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attention deficit disorder (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  human
  note
  patient education
  risk assessment
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  atomoxetine (82248-59-7, 82857-39-4, 82857-40-7, 83015-26-3)
  propylamine (107-10-8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21450148 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21450148)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.9066tx2c
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 542
TITLE
  A guided interview process to improve student pharmacists' identification of 
drug therapy problems.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rovers J.
  Miller M.J.
  Koenigsfeld C.
  Haack S.
  Hegge K.
  McCleeary E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rovers J.) Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des 
Moines, IA 50311, USA.
(Miller M.J.; Koenigsfeld C.; Haack S.; Hegge K.; McCleeary E.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Rovers, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des 
Moines, IA 50311, USA. Email: John.Rovers@drake.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2011) 75:1 (16). Date of 
Publication: 10 Feb 2011
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To measure agreement between advanced pharmacy practice experience students 
using a guided interview process and experienced clinical pharmacists using 
standard practices to identify drug therapy problems. Student pharmacists 
enrolled in an advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) and clinical 
pharmacists conducted medication therapy management interviews to identify 
drug therapy problems in elderly patients recruited from the community. 
Student pharmacists used a guided interview tool, while clinical 
pharmacists' interviews were conducted using their usual and customary 
practices. Student pharmacists also were surveyed to determine their 
perceptions of the interview tool. Fair to moderate agreement was observed 
on student and clinical pharmacists' identification of 4 of 7 drug therapy 
problems. Of those, agreement was significantly higher than chance for 3 
drug therapy problems (adverse drug reaction, dosage too high, and needs 
additional drug therapy) and not significant for 1 (unnecessary drug 
therapy). Students strongly agreed that the interview tool was useful but 
agreed less strongly on recommending its use in practice. The guided 
interview process served as a useful teaching aid to assist student 
pharmacists to identify drug therapy problems.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  interview
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  drug therapy (adverse drug reaction)
  human
  methodology
  organization and management
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21451770 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21451770)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 543
TITLE
  MGluR5 Positive Allosteric Modulation Enhances Extinction Learning Following 
Cocaine Self-Administration
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cleva R.M.
  Hicks M.P.
  Gass J.T.
  Wischerath K.C.
  Plasters E.T.
  Widholm J.J.
  Olive M.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cleva R.M.; Hicks M.P.; Gass J.T.; Wischerath K.C.; Plasters E.T.; Olive 
M.F., foster.olive@asu.edu) Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Department 
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 
United States.
(Widholm J.J.) Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, United 
States.
(Cleva R.M.; Wischerath K.C.; Olive M.F., foster.olive@asu.edu) Department 
of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.F. Olive, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. 
McAllister Ave, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States. Email: 
foster.olive@asu.edu
SOURCE
  Behavioral Neuroscience (2011) 125:1 (10-19). Date of Publication: February 
2011
ISSN
  0735-7044
  1939-0084 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Psychological Association Inc., 750 First Street, NE Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Extinction of classically and instrumentally conditioned behaviors, such as 
conditioned fear and drug-seeking behavior, is a process of active learning, 
and recent studies indicate that potentiation of glutamatergic transmission 
facilitates extinction learning. In this study, the authors investigated the 
effects of the Type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5) positive 
allosteric modulator 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide 
(CDPPB) on the extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats with a history 
of intravenous cocaine self-administration. To assess its effects on 
acquisition and consolidation of extinction learning, CDPPB (60 mg/kg) or 
vehicle was administered either 20 min prior to, or immediately following, 
each of 10 extinction sessions, respectively. When administered prior to 
each extinction session, CDPPB produced a significant reduction in the 
number of active lever presses on all 10 days of extinction training as 
compared to vehicle-treated animals. When administered following each 
extinction session, a significant reduction in the number of active lever 
presses was observed on the 2nd through 10th day of extinction. Both 
treatment regimens also reduced the number of extinction-training sessions 
required to meet extinction criteria. Pre- or postextinction-training 
administration of CDPPB did not alter responding on the inactive lever and 
had no effects on open field locomotor activity. These data indicate that 
positive allosteric modulation of mGluR5 receptors facilitates the 
acquisition and consolidation of extinction learning following cocaine 
self-administration and may provide a novel pharmacological approach to 
enhancing extinction learning when combined with cue exposure therapy for 
the treatment of cocaine addiction. © 2011 American Psychological 
Association.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  3 cyano n (1,3 diphenyl 1h pyrazol 5 yl)benzamide
  benzamide derivative
  cocaine
  metabotropic receptor 5 (endogenous compound)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  allosterism
  drug self administration
  learning
  reinforcement
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analysis of variance
  animal behavior
  animal experiment
  article
  conditioned reflex
  controlled study
  environmental exposure
  habituation
  locomotion
  male
  nonhuman
  open field behavior
  rat
  training
  vascular access
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011106830
MEDLINE PMID
  21319882 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21319882)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022339
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 544
TITLE
  Drug use problems with self-injected low-molecular-weight heparins in 
primary care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mengiardi S.
  Tsakiris D.A.
  Lampert M.L.
  Hersberger K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mengiardi S., seraina.mengiardi@unibas.ch; Hersberger K.E.) Pharmaceutical 
Care Research Group, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 
50, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
(Tsakiris D.A.) Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, 
Spitalstrasse 21/Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
(Lampert M.L.) Clinical Pharmacy, Kantonsspital Bruderholz, Bruderholz 4101, 
Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Mengiardi, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Pharmacenter, University 
of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland. Email: 
seraina.mengiardi@unibas.ch
SOURCE
  European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2011) 67:2 (109-120). Date of 
Publication: February 2011
ISSN
  0031-6970
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: Outpatient subcutaneous therapies are becoming increasingly common. 
A literature search failed to find produced any studies on application 
problems pertaining to the self-injection of low-molecular-weight heparins 
(LMWH) in a heterogeneous outpatient population under daily-life conditions. 
We therefore designed a study with the aim of recording drug use problems, 
patient satisfaction, compliance, problems arising from the injection site 
(abdomen vs. thigh), and residual drug volumes in pre-filled syringes used 
in self-injection therapy. Methods: Patients were recruited in community 
pharmacies by 95 trained Master's students in pharmacy. Data were collected 
during recruitment and by means of structured questionnaire-based telephone 
interviews that were carried out at the beginning and the end of the LMWH 
treatment. Results: The median age of the 213 patients enrolled in the study 
was 54 years [interquartile range (IQR) 39-70 years]; of these, 15.5% had 
their injections administered by a third person. The rate of self-reported 
non-compliance was 17.1%. At least one relevant problem was recorded in 
85.0% of the cases. At the end of the treatment, 38.9% of the patients 
stated self-administration of the injections required some effort. The 
preferred injection site was the thigh (68.5%). An overall mean residual 
drug volume ≤10.0% was detected for 3.9% of the patients. If residual drug 
was present, a median of 11.2% (IQR 8.6-17.6%) of the total drug volume had 
not been injected. Patients injecting into the thigh showed a higher risk of 
leaving residual medication (odds ratio 2.16, 95% confidence interval 
1.04-4.51). Conclusions: Most patients had drug use problems, whereas no 
clear factors were associated with non-compliance, the injection site (apart 
from residual drug), and discomfort or effort required (apart from prior 
injection use). © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  low molecular weight heparin (drug therapy, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  certoparin (drug therapy)
  dalteparin (drug therapy)
  enoxaparin (drug therapy)
  fraxiforte
  nadroparin (drug therapy)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug self administration
  primary medical care
  venous thromboembolism (drug therapy, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  drug injection volume
  female
  health care quality
  health survey
  human
  injection site
  major clinical study
  male
  outpatient care
  patient attitude
  patient compliance
  patient satisfaction
  patient selection
  pharmacy student
  priority journal
  prospective study
  self report
  structured questionnaire
  syringe
  thigh
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  clexane
  fragmin
  fraxiforte
  fraxiparine
  sandoparin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  enoxaparin (679809-58-6)
  nadroparin (104521-37-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011053482
MEDLINE PMID
  21107827 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107827)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-010-0956-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 545
TITLE
  Perceptions of hospital pharmacist's role in Pakistan's healthcare system: A 
cross-sectional survey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Azhar S.
  Hassali M.A.
  Ibrahim M.M.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Azhar S.; Hassali M.A., azmihassali@gmail.com; Ibrahim M.M.I.) Discipline 
of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. A. Hassali, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, 
Malaysia. Email: azmihassali@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2011) 10:1 (11-17). Date of 
Publication: February 2011
ISSN
  1596-5996
  1596-9827 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Group, Benin City, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To investigate hospital pharmacists' perception of their current 
clinical role in Pakistan's healthcare system. Methods: This was a 
cross-sectional study in a population that consisted of hospital pharmacists 
in Islamabad, Faisalabad and Lahore which are three cities in Punjab State, 
Pakistan. A sample of 116 hospital pharmacists was selected from public and 
private hospitals in these three cities. Results: At least 42.2 % of the 
hospital pharmacists were involved in patient education pertaining to drugs. 
Although they were willing to take personal responsibility for resolving 
drug-related problems encountered, 84.5 % of them conveyed that their 
current role is more focused on pharmacy record keeping. Only 57.8% of the 
pharmacist indicated that they were involved in compiling and updating of 
their hospital's drug formulary. Conclusion: The findings suggest that 
hospital pharmacists in Pakistan do have concerns about their present 
professional roles and face significant barriers with regards to increasing 
their involvement in clinical services. However, they need to be proactive 
in their collaboration with other healthcare professionals if the concept of 
pharmaceutical care is to take root in the healthcare system. © 
Pharmacotherapy Group.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care system
  hospital pharmacy
  pharmacist attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cross-sectional study
  drug formulary
  female
  human
  male
  Pakistan
  patient education
  professional standard
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011104095
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 546
TITLE
  Treatment of addiction and anxiety using extinction approaches: Neural 
mechanisms and their treatment implications
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kaplan G.B.
  Heinrichs S.C.
  Carey R.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kaplan G.B., gary.kaplan@va.gov; Heinrichs S.C.) VA Boston Healthcare 
System, Mental Health and Research Services, Boston, MA, United States.
(Kaplan G.B., gary.kaplan@va.gov) Boston University, School of Medicine, 
Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, United States.
(Carey R.J.) Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States.
(Carey R.J.) SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. B. Kaplan, VA Boston, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, 
United States. Email: gary.kaplan@va.gov
SOURCE
  Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (2011) 97:3 (619-625). Date of 
Publication: January 2011
ISSN
  0091-3057
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Clinical interventions which produce cue and contextual extinction learning 
can reduce craving and relapse in substance abuse and inhibit conditioned 
fear responses in anxiety disorders. In both types of disorders, classical 
conditioning links unconditioned drug or fear responses to associated 
contextual cues and result in enduring pathological responses to multiple 
stimuli. Extinction therapy countermeasures seek to reduce conditioned 
responses using a set of techniques in which patients are repeatedly exposed 
to conditioned appetitive or aversive stimuli using imaginal imagery, in 
vivo exposure, or written scripts. Such interventions allow patients to 
rehearse more adaptive responses to conditioned stimuli. The ultimate goal 
of these interventions, extinction of the original conditioned response, is 
a new learning process that results in a decrease in frequency or intensity 
of conditioned responses to drug or fear cues. This review explores 
extinction approaches in conditioned drug reward and fear responses. The 
behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanisms of conditioned 
reward and fear responses and their extinction are derived from our 
understanding of the animal literature. Extensive neuroscience research 
shows that even though many mechanisms differ in conditioned fear and 
reward, converging prefrontal cortical glutamatergic pathways underlie 
extinction learning. Efficacy of pharmacological and behavioral treatment 
approaches in addiction and anxiety disorders may be optimized by enhancing 
extinction and weakening the bond between the original conditioned stimuli 
and conditioned responses. Adjunctive pharmacotherapy approaches using 
agents which alter glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid signaling or epigenetic 
mechanisms in prefrontal cortical pathways can enhance extinction learning. 
A comparative study of extinction processes and its neural mechanisms can be 
translated into more effective behavioral and pharmacological treatment 
approaches in substance abuse and anxiety.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 aminobutyric acid (endogenous compound)
  4 aminobutyric acid receptor stimulating agent
  baclofen (drug therapy)
  cycloserine (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  glutamic acid (endogenous compound)
  histone deacetylase inhibitor (pharmacology)
  placebo
  valproic acid (pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anxiety disorder (drug therapy, drug therapy, therapy)
  drug dependence (rehabilitation, therapy)
  reinforcement
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism (therapy)
  clinical trial
  cognitive therapy
  conditioned reflex
  drug dependence treatment
  drug mechanism
  epigenetics
  human
  instrumental conditioning
  nonhuman
  posttraumatic stress disorder (drug therapy, therapy)
  prefrontal cortex
  priority journal
  psychotherapy
  review
  signal transduction
  substance abuse
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy, therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  4 aminobutyric acid (28805-76-7, 56-12-2)
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
  cycloserine (339-72-0, 68-39-3, 68-41-7)
  glutamic acid (11070-68-1, 138-15-8, 56-86-0, 6899-05-4)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (19)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010685349
MEDLINE PMID
  20723558 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723558)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2010.08.004
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 547
TITLE
  Substance use attitudes and behaviors at three pharmacy colleges.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baldwin J.N.
  Scott D.M.
  DeSimone 2nd. E.M.
  Forrester J.H.
  Fankhauser M.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baldwin J.N.) College of Pharmacy, The University of Nebraska Medical 
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6045, USA.
(Scott D.M.; DeSimone 2nd. E.M.; Forrester J.H.; Fankhauser M.P.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.N. Baldwin, College of Pharmacy, The University of Nebraska Medical 
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6045, USA. Email: jbaldwin@unmc.edu
SOURCE
  Substance abuse : official publication of the Association for Medical 
Education and Research in Substance Abuse (2011) 32:1 (27-35). Date of 
Publication: Jan 2011
ISSN
  1547-0164 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  The objective of this study was to profile and compare alcohol and other 
drug (AOD) use attitudes and behaviors in three pharmacy colleges. Student 
surveys of AOD use attitudes and behaviors were conducted at one 
southwestern and two midwestern pharmacy colleges. Response was 86.5% 
(566/654). Reported past-year use included alcohol 82.8%, tobacco 25.4%, and 
marijuana 6.9%. Past-year AOD-associated events included blackouts 18.2%, 
class or work under influence 7.8%, patient care under influence 1.4%, 
lowered grades or job evaluations 5.8%, legal charges 2.7%, and heavy 
drinking 29.0%. Family histories of alcohol or drug problems were reported 
by 35.5% and 13.1%, respectively. A number of significant differences in AOD 
use attitudes and behaviors between the three colleges were identified. 
Pharmacy students reported a number of risky drug-use attitudes and 
behaviors in this survey. Student AOD prevention, assistance, and education 
should be proactively addressed by pharmacy colleges.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (epidemiology)
  attitude to health
  education
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  female
  high risk behavior
  human
  male
  psychological aspect
  questionnaire
  United States (epidemiology)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21302181 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21302181)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2011.540470
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 548
TITLE
  Integration of pharmacy students within a level II trauma center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Petrie J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Petrie J.L., jpetrie@uwyo.edu) School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, 
Laramie, 82071, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.L. Petrie, Email: jpetrie@uwyo.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2011) 75:6. Date of 
Publication: 10 Aug 2011
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To integrate fourth-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students within a level 
II trauma center team to improve their patient care and professional 
communication skills. PharmD students completed 2 consecutive 4-week 
internal medicine APPEs during the course of their fourth year, which 
included approximately 5 weeks working on an interprofessional trauma team. 
During patient rounds with the interprofessional trauma team, students 
provided patient care in a stepwise approach, drug information responses, 
patient counseling, and other services requested by team members. 
Ability-based outcomes (ABOs) assessment, faculty evaluations, and student 
self-assessment were conducted in the following areas: effective 
communication, drug therapy assessment and decision making, critical 
thinking and problem solving, and drug information retrieval. Students' mean 
score in these areas was 3.8 on a 5-point scale. Areas in which students 
needed improvement included: providing recommendations in a timely manner, 
self-confidence, identifying opportunity to verbally communicate with other 
team members, and addressing insecurities when answering drug information 
questions posed by the team. Integrating fourth-year PharmD students within 
a trauma and acute surgery team and use of ABO assessment allowed for 
identification of areas of the curriculum in which improvements were needed, 
resulting in a more targeted approach earlier in the curriculum to improve 
students' abilities to provide appropriate and effective patient care in an 
interprofessional setting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical competence
  curriculum
  education
  injury (drug therapy)
  pharmacy student
  problem based learning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  advanced pharmacy practice experience
  article
  assessment
  counseling
  drug information
  emergency health service
  human
  interpersonal communication
  interprofessional education
  methodology
  patient care
  pharmacy education
  self evaluation
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21931459 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21931459)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 549
TITLE
  Methadone: Marvelous, malevolent, or merely misunderstood?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Martin C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Martin C.M.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.M. Martin, Greensboro, NC, United States.
SOURCE
  Consultant Pharmacist (2011) 26:1 (32-40). Date of Publication: January 2011
ISSN
  0888-5109
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, 1321 Duke Street, Alexandria, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Methadone is an opioid analgesic that is also commonly used to prevent 
opioid-withdrawal symptoms in patients undergoing treatment for opioid 
addiction. The prescribing of methadone for pain management has been under 
scrutiny because of a high incidence of deaths associated with its use. 
However, many practitioners find methadone offers numerous benefits, 
including dosing options and duration of analgesia. Methadone may still have 
a place in pain management when practitioners are adequately educated about 
methadone's pharmacologic properties, dosing, and monitoring considerations. 
© 2011 American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug combination, 
drug comparison, drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, intramuscular 
drug administration, intrathecal drug administration, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, rectal drug administration, 
subcutaneous drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepin 2 one derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, 
drug interaction)
  morphine (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid (endogenous compound)
  noradrenalin (endogenous compound)
  opiate (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  opiate receptor (endogenous compound)
  oxycodone (drug therapy)
  serotonin (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  age
  analgesia
  ataxia (side effect)
  bradypnea (side effect)
  breathing
  cancer pain (drug therapy)
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug bioavailability
  drug half life
  drug intoxication
  drug metabolism
  drug monitoring
  drug safety
  drug withdrawal
  electrocardiogram
  euphoria
  frail elderly
  heart arrhythmia (side effect)
  heart beat
  human
  kidney function
  mortality
  neurotoxicity
  opiate addiction
  pain (drug therapy)
  patient compliance
  patient selection
  QT interval
  respiration depression (side effect)
  review
  side effect (side effect)
  slurred speech (side effect)
  snoring (side effect)
  treatment contraindication
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy, prevention, side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid (6384-92-5)
  noradrenalin (1407-84-7, 51-41-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  serotonin (50-67-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011442799
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2011.32
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 550
TITLE
  Science of safety topic coverage in experiential education in US and Taiwan 
colleges and schools of pharmacy.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tang D.H.
  Warholak T.L.
  Slack M.K.
  Malone D.C.
  Gau C.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tang D.H., dtang@pharmacy.arizona.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice and 
Science, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N. Martin, PO 
Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
(Warholak T.L.; Slack M.K.; Malone D.C.; Gau C.S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.H. Tang, Email: dtang@pharmacy.arizona.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2011) 75:10 (1). Date of 
Publication: 15 Dec 2011
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To compare the science of safety (SoS) topic coverage and associated student 
competencies in the experiential education curricula of colleges and schools 
of pharmacy in the United States and Taiwan. The experiential education 
director, assistant director, or coordinator at a random sample of 34 US 
colleges and schools of pharmacy and all 7 Taiwan schools of pharmacy were 
interviewed and then asked to complete an Internet-based survey instrument. 
Faculty members in both countries perceived that experiential curricula were 
focused on the postmarketing phase of the SoS, and that there is a need for 
the pharmacy experiential curricula to be standardized in order to fill SoS 
coverage gaps. Inter-country differences in experiential SoS coverage were 
noted in topics included for safety biomarkers that signal potential for 
drug-induced problems and pharmacogenomics. Experiential SoS topic coverage 
and student ability gaps were perceived within and between US and Taiwan 
colleges and schools of pharmacy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  attitude to health
  education
  perception
  problem based learning
  product safety
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  comparative study
  curriculum
  drug surveillance program
  experiential education
  human
  international
  Internet
  methodology
  multicenter study
  professional competence
  questionnaire
  risk assessment
  science of safety
  survey research
  Taiwan
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  22345721 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22345721)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 551
TITLE
  Teaching the science of safety in US colleges and schools of pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Holdford D.A.
  Warholak T.L.
  West-Strum D.
  Bentley J.P.
  Malone D.C.
  Murphy J.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Holdford D.A., daholdfo@vcu.edu) Virginia Commonwealth University, 
Richmond, 23298-0533, USA.
(Warholak T.L.; West-Strum D.; Bentley J.P.; Malone D.C.; Murphy J.E.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.A. Holdford, Email: daholdfo@vcu.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2011) 75:4. Date of 
Publication: 10 May 2011
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  This paper provides baseline information on integrating the science of 
safety into the professional degree curriculum at colleges and schools of 
pharmacy. A multi-method examination was conducted that included a 
literature review, key informant interviews of 30 individuals, and in-depth 
case studies of 5 colleges and schools of pharmacy. Educators believe that 
they are devoting adequate time to science of safety topics and doing a good 
job teaching students to identify, understand, report, manage, and 
communicate medication risk. Areas perceived to be in need of improvement 
include educating pharmacy students about the Food and Drug Administration's 
(FDA's) role in product safety, how to work with the FDA in post-marketing 
surveillance and other FDA safety initiatives, teaching students methods to 
improve safety, and educating students to practice in interprofessional 
teams. The report makes 10 recommendations to help pharmacy school graduates 
be more effective in protecting patients from preventable drug-related 
problems.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  curriculum
  food and drug administration
  human
  pharmacy education
  quality
  safety
  school
  science
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21769153 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769153)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 552
TITLE
  Pharmacovigilance in clinical dentistry: Overlooked or axiomatic?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Carnelio S.
  Khan S.A.
  Rodrigues G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Carnelio S.) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Manipal 
College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, India.
(Khan S.A.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, United States.
(Rodrigues G.) Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, 
India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Carnelio, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Manipal College 
of Dental Sciences, Manipal, India.
SOURCE
  General Dentistry (2011) 59:1 (24-28). Date of Publication: January-February 
2011
ISSN
  0363-6771
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academy of General Dentistry., 211 E Chicago Ave, Ste 900, Chicago, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  During the transition from dental school to dental clinic, it is important 
for dentists to make a subtle shift from emphasizing pharmacokinetics to 
appreciating pharmacodynamics. The authors believe that this change in 
philosophy will occur only when the clinicians of tomorrow are motivated in 
dental school to adopt pharmacovigilance in their clinical practices. 
Dentists must understand how reporting ADRs benefits the practice of 
dentistry as a whole. Early and more thorough reporting of ADRs will 
directly influence the speed with which problematic drugs can be withdrawn 
from the market. directly affecting the lives of patients who otherwise 
would have used these drugs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  biomedical and dental materials (adverse drug reaction)
  bisphosphonic acid derivative (adverse drug reaction)
  bone density conservation agent (adverse drug reaction)
  drug (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dentist
  drug surveillance program
  drug therapy (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  dental education
  drug interaction
  health care quality
  human
  methodology
  organization and management
  pharmacist
  postmarketing surveillance
  public relations
  safety
  standard
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21613036 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21613036)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 553
TITLE
  Report of the AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy 
Education.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jungnickel P.W.
  Desimone E.M.
  Kissack J.C.
  Lawson L.A.
  Murawski M.M.
  Patterson B.J.
  Rospond R.M.
  Scott D.M.
  Athay J.
  AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jungnickel P.W.) Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA.
(Desimone E.M.; Kissack J.C.; Lawson L.A.; Murawski M.M.; Patterson B.J.; 
Rospond R.M.; Scott D.M.; Athay J.; AACP Special Committee on Substance 
Abuse and Pharmacy Education)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.W. Jungnickel, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2010) 74:10 (S11). Date of 
Publication: 15 Dec 2010
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (epidemiology)
  education
  health care management
  health care planning
  pharmacy and therapeutics committee
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21436899 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436899)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 554
TITLE
  Outcome of pharmacist intervention in education of patients on duplicate 
prescriping hypnotic-sedatives
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chu L.L.
  Lin H.C.
  Huang H.Y.
  Chan A.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chu L.L.; Lin H.C.; Huang H.Y.) Chimei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
(Chan A.L.) Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.L. Chu, Chimei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
SOURCE
  Value in Health (2010) 13:7 (A560). Date of Publication: November 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  ISPOR 4th Asia-Pacific Conference
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phuket, Thailand
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-09-05 to 2010-09-07
ISSN
  1098-3015
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: The inappropriate uses of hypnotic-sedatives will likely cause 
drug abuse. It has been known that patients visit different hospitals back 
and forth to get a duplicate prescription of hypnotic-sedatives. The purpose 
of this study is to explore the decrease of refill frequency of prescribing 
sedative-hypnotics and drug cost. METHODS: This is a cohort study. Adult 
patients, who were prescribed two or more than two sedative-hypnotics with 
same pharmacological mechanism over a week by different physicians, will be 
retrieved from the claim database of a medical center in southern Taiwan. 
The retrieved patients were received a questionnaire to evaluate their 
knowledge about the appropriate use of hypnotic-sedatives before clinical 
pharmacists provided patients with education for appropriate use of 
hypnotic-sedatives. The primary outcome was the reduction of total 
consumption on hypnotic-sedatives and drug cost before and after pharmacist 
education. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were included in this study. The 
results showed that about 62.8% of patients with duplicate use of 
hypnotic-sedatives were female and 59.1% of patients aged (3)50 years. Their 
chief complains was insomnia and/or anxiety which cannot be relieved by 
taking only one hypnotic-sedatives. The most frequently prescribed drugs in 
their duplicate prescription were zolpidem (30.45%), Fludiazepam (22.34%), 
Alprazolam (14.9%), Flunitrazepam (8.45%), and Brotizolam (7.93%). The 
average total consumption on hypnotic-sedatives per day for each patient was 
decreased from 1.68 to 1.33 tablets. The monthly hypnotic-sedatives costs 
were reduced form NT$ 21,000 to NT $ 15,600. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist 
education on the appropriate use of hypnotic-sedatives and lifestyle 
management is likely to reduce the total consumption on hypnotic-sedatives 
and save drug costs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hypnotic sedative agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alprazolam
  brotizolam
  fludiazepam
  flunitrazepam
  hypnotic agent
  sedative agent
  zolpidem
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Asia
  education
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  anxiety
  cohort analysis
  data base
  drug abuse
  drug cost
  female
  hospital
  insomnia
  lifestyle
  physician
  prescription
  questionnaire
  tablet
  Taiwan
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 555
TITLE
  Central nervous system effects of haloperidol on THC in healthy male 
volunteers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Liem-Moolenaar M.
  Beek E.T.T.
  Kam M.L.D.
  Franson K.L.
  Kahn R.S.
  Hijman R.
  Touw D.
  Gerven J.M.A.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Liem-Moolenaar M., mariekemoolenaar@online.nl; Beek E.T.T.; Kam M.L.D.; 
Franson K.L.; Gerven J.M.A.V.) Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 
10, 2333 CL Leiden, Netherlands.
(Kahn R.S.; Hijman R.) Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center 
Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
(Touw D.) Apotheek Haagse Ziekenhuizen and Haga Teaching Hospital, The 
Hague, Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Liem-Moolenaar, Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 10, 2333 CL 
Leiden, Netherlands. Email: mariekemoolenaar@online.nl
SOURCE
  Journal of Psychopharmacology (2010) 24:11 (1697-1708). Date of Publication: 
November 2010
ISSN
  0269-8811
  1461-7285 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Ltd, 55 City Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  In this study, the hypothesis that haloperidol would lead to an amelioration 
of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced 'psychotomimetic' effects was 
investigated. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, partial three-way 
crossover ascending dose study the effects of THC, haloperidol and their 
combination were investigated in 35 healthy, male mild cannabis users, 
measuring Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Visual Analogue Scales for 
alertness, mood, calmness and psychedelic effects, saccadic and smooth 
pursuit eye measurements, electroencephalography, Body Sway, Stroop test, 
Visual and Verbal Learning Task, hormone levels and pharmacokinetics. 
Compared with placebo, THC significantly decreased smooth pursuit, Visual 
Analogue Scales alertness, Stroop test performance, immediate and delayed 
word recall and prolactin concentrations, and significantly increased 
positive and general Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score, Visual 
Analogue Scales feeling high, Body Sway and electroencephalography alpha. 
Haloperidol reversed the THC-induced positive Positive and Negative Syndrome 
Scale increase to levels observed with haloperidol alone, but not 
THC-induced 'high' feelings. Compared with placebo, haloperidol 
significantly decreased saccadic peak velocity, smooth pursuit, Visual 
Analogue Scales mood and immediate and delayed word recall and significantly 
increased Body Sway, electroencephalography theta and prolactin levels. 
THC-induced increases in positive Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale but 
not in Visual Analogue Scales feeling high were reversed by haloperidol. 
This indicates that psychotic-like effects induced by THC are mediated by 
dopaminergic systems, but that other systems are involved in 'feeling high'. 
Additionally, the clear reductions of psychotic-like symptoms by a 
clinically relevant dose of haloperidol suggest that THC administration may 
be a useful pharmacological cannabinoid model for psychotic effects in 
healthy volunteers. © The Author(s) 2010.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dronabinol
  haloperidol (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabis
  follitropin (endogenous compound)
  hormone (endogenous compound)
  hydrocortisone (endogenous compound)
  luteinizing hormone (endogenous compound)
  placebo
  prolactin (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  central nervous system
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alertness
  alpha rhythm
  area under the curve
  article
  body equilibrium
  cannabis addiction
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  crossover procedure
  dopaminergic system
  double blind procedure
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug clearance
  drug dose escalation
  drug half life
  drug withdrawal
  electroencephalography
  fatigue (side effect)
  human
  human experiment
  male
  mood
  nausea (side effect)
  normal human
  patient compliance
  Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
  priority journal
  prolactin blood level
  psychosis
  rating scale
  recall
  saccadic eye movement
  smooth pursuit eye movement
  somnolence (side effect)
  Stroop test
  symptom
  visual analog scale
  Visual and Verbal Learning Task
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  dronabinol (7663-50-5)
  follitropin (9002-68-0)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  hydrocortisone (50-23-7)
  luteinizing hormone (39341-83-8, 9002-67-9)
  prolactin (12585-34-1, 50647-00-2, 9002-62-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010685088
MEDLINE PMID
  20142302 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142302)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881109358200
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 556
TITLE
  Drug cost reduction in long-term care patients with chronic disease
AUTHOR NAMES
  Su H.C.
  Chen C.H.
  Lin C.A.
  Juang S.Y.
  Liang T.C.
  Chan A.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Su H.C.; Chen C.H.; Lin C.A.; Juang S.Y.; Liang T.C.; Chan A.L.) Chi-Mei 
Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.C. Su, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
SOURCE
  Value in Health (2010) 13:7 (A545). Date of Publication: November 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  ISPOR 4th Asia-Pacific Conference
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Phuket, Thailand
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-09-05 to 2010-09-07
ISSN
  1098-3015
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefit of 
pharmacist home care visit for elderly patients who have at least one or 
more than one chronic diseases at long term care. METHODS: Using the claim 
database of Chi-Mei Medical Center from 2007 to 2008, patients aged 65 years 
and treated with over five medications were recruited. Pharmacists visited 
their home once a month to give them education on drug administration, drug 
interaction, duplicated drug use, adverse drug reaction etc and then 
followed up by telephone to see their condition after education. Pharmacists 
were created drug profile for each patient and recorded the items of 
education and discussed with their visiting physicians about their drug 
regimen in case there were inappropriated drug usage. RESULTS: At first 
visit, the average number of drugs prescribed to one patient was 5.89. There 
were 43.07% (28/65) and 27.69% (18/65) patients treated with poly-pharmacy 
and inappropriate drug use, respectively. The association of polypharmacy 
and inappropriate medication was significant. (P < 0.001; 95% confidence 
interval: 82.56). The most common medication-related problems were the use 
of medication without proper indication (38.46%, 25/85), inappropriate 
administration route (34.85%, 22/65), poor compliance (55.38%, 36/65). The 
potential adverse drug reactions and drug interactions appeared in 8 
patients and 12 patients, respectively. The outcome of pharmacist home care 
services include the reduction rate of outpatient visit from 1.38 times to 
0.98 times every month; the decrease of items of drugs prescribed in one 
prescription was from 5.89 to 3.21; The average drug cost was reduced about 
NT 15 million per year (P < 0.05). About 42% of patients satisfied with 
pharmacists' home visit. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacist home care service 
provides an assessment on many problems with drug administration not 
otherwise detected easily. These assessments can lead to potentially useful 
interventions that can improve medication regimens, compliance and reduce 
drug costs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Asia
  chronic disease
  drug cost
  nursing home patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  aged
  confidence interval
  data base
  drug administration
  drug administration route
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  drug use
  education
  home care
  human
  long term care
  outpatient
  patient
  pharmacist
  physician
  polypharmacy
  prescription
  professional practice
  telephone
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 557
TITLE
  Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship with menstrual 
status and non-menstrual stress factors in young adult females
AUTHOR NAMES
  Oren B.
  Demirkyran G.
  Yurten H.
  Oduz M.
  Akar Z.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Oren B.; Demirkyran G.; Yurten H.; Oduz M.; Akar Z.A.) Marmara University 
School of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology, Turkey.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Oren, Marmara University School of Medicine, Public Health and 
Epidemiology, Turkey.
SOURCE
  European Journal of Medical Research (2010) 15 SUPPL. 1 (199). Date of 
Publication: 13 Oct 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  21st European Students' Conference. Promising Medical Scientists Willing to 
Look Beyond
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Berlin, Germany
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-13 to 2010-10-17
ISSN
  0949-2321
BOOK PUBLISHER
  BioMed Central Ltd.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cluster of physical, 
behavioral and emotional symptoms that appear on a regular basis before the 
onset of menstrual bleeding. Symptoms include bloating, breast pain, ankle 
swelling, a sense of increase in body weight, irritability aggressiveness, 
depression, lethargy, and food cravings. Although the true prevalence of PMS 
is unknown, approximately 75% of women complain of some premenstrual 
symptoms. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between 
menses-associated health problems of women, such as premenstrual symptoms, 
menstrual pain and irregular menstrual cycles, and psychosocial stress. 
Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school of 
pharmacy students who were between the age of 17 and 25, measuring 
psychosocial stress levels 1 week before menstrual bleeding by sums and 
grading of only stress part of the DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scala). A 
total of 221 female students (mean age 20.57 and plusmn;1.93 years), who 
were proposed to participate in the study in February 2010, completed the 
questionnaire, which dealt with anthropometric data, lifestyle, menstrual 
history, and menstrual health status. Results: Students who reported 
menstrual pain and students who got high stress scores had higher risk to 
experience of premenstrual syndrome than those who did not and who got lower 
stress scores respectively. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used 
to identify independent factors associated with having menstrual pain the 
experience of irregular menstrual cycles, smoking age, degree and stress 
score. The proportions of students who reported premenstrual symptoms, 
menstrual pain and the experience of irregular menstrual cycles were 72.9%, 
94%, and 24%, respectively. No statistically significant relationship was 
determined between the presence of PMS and age, year of school, smoking 
status and irregular menstrual cycles. Conclus ion: Stress score and 
menstrual pain were significant predictors for premenstrual symptoms. The 
results suggest that premenstrual syndrome is independently associated with 
psychosocial stress and the experience of menstrual pain among school of 
pharmacy students implying that changes in the functional potentiality of 
women as a result of stress are related with changes in their menstrual 
function.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  ion
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  female
  human
  premenstrual syndrome
  prevalence
  scientist
  student
  young adult
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aggressiveness
  ankle
  anxiety
  bloating
  body weight
  cross-sectional study
  food
  health
  health status
  irritability
  lethargy
  lifestyle
  logistic regression analysis
  mastalgia
  menstrual cycle
  menstruation
  mental stress
  pain
  pharmacy student
  questionnaire
  risk
  school
  smoking
  swelling
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 558
TITLE
  Simulation-based learning about medication management difficulties of 
low-vision patients.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zagar M.
  Baggarly S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zagar M.) College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, LA 71209, 
USA.
(Baggarly S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Zagar, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, LA 71209, 
USA. Email: zagar@ulm.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2010) 74:8 (146). Date of 
Publication: 11 Oct 2010
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To implement and evaluate a simulation activity and related assignments 
within a geriatric elective to teach pharmacy students about the medication 
management difficulties experienced by low-vision patients. Students wore 
low-vision simulation goggles while engaging in medication management tasks. 
Students also reflected on their experiences in journals and developed 
modalities to improve low-vision patients' access to prescription 
information. Results of a perception survey indicated that students were 
able to identify and differentiate among various low-vision medication 
management difficulties. Students' reflections suggested that they 
recognized the challenges encountered by low-vision patients. All patient 
assistance project submissions were suitable for the targeted populations 
and medication management difficulties. Peer review and student feedback of 
the activities were favorable. Through this low-vision goggle simulation 
exercise and other activities, students were able to identify the medication 
management difficulties encountered by low-vision patients and propose 
solutions to their drug information access problems.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  computer simulation
  drug therapy
  education
  visual disorder (complication)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  audiovisual equipment
  counseling
  geriatrics
  methodology
  patient care
  peer review
  pharmacy student
  prescription
  teaching
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21179257 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179257)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 559
TITLE
  Psychiatric pharmacy delivery via an online course: Psychoactive substances
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brahm N.C.
  Davis T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brahm N.C., nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu; Davis T.) University of Oklahoma College 
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Administrative 
Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.C. Brahm, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of 
Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, 4502 E. 41st 
Street, 2H17, Tulsa, OK 74135-2512, United States. Email: 
nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning (2010) 2:4 (204-210). Date of 
Publication: October 2010
ISSN
  1877-1297
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Data from the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) report and the National 
Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, published in 2004, 
outlined the scope of the mental illness problem, including 
substance-related disorders. The WHO estimates that one-quarter of all 
families have at least one member with a mental illness. In the United 
States, comorbid substance use disorders, as reported in the National 
Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions report, are estimated 
to be approximately 10% for a one-year period. Preparation of future 
pharmacists for new practice settings, at-risk patient populations, and an 
increased need for information about mental illnesses may require colleges 
of pharmacy to review where the curriculum can be changed or augmented. The 
extent to which asynchronous (operating without fixed time intervals) 
learning methodology can be adapted to meet these challenges has not been 
fully explored. When the search terms psychiatric pharmacy, psychoactive 
substances, online learning, and asynchronous learning were used, reports of 
previously developed courses for this area were not found. We report the 
development of an online elective in psychoactive substances delivered 
asynchronously. The Curriculum Committee approved the course. The University 
of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Institutional Review Board authorized the 
student survey of their learning experience. Course development was 
completed before delivery. Feedback was solicited via focus group 
methodology and college-conducted student course survey evaluation. Input 
was positive and provided constructive suggestions for improvement, 
additional courses for an online delivery format, and the feasibility of 
online education in the psychiatric pharmacy curriculum. © 2010 Elsevier 
Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum development
  online system
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  mental disease
  paramedical education
  priority journal
  substance abuse
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010543187
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2010.07.007
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 560
TITLE
  Improving training in tobacco-dependence diagnosis and treatment in 
doctoral-level medical, nursing, dental, and pharmacy schools
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sachs D.P.
  Ferry L.H.
  Sachs B.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sachs D.P.; Ferry L.H.; Sachs B.L.) Palo Alto Center for Pulmonary Disease 
Prevention, Palo Alto, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.P. Sachs, Palo Alto Center for Pulmonary Disease Prevention, Palo Alto, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Chest (2010) 138:4. Date of Publication: October 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  CHEST 2010 Annual Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Vancouver, BC, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-10-30 to 2010-11-04
ISSN
  0012-3692
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American College of Chest Physicians
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: Tobacco dependence remains the leading cause of premature death in 
the United States, killing half its victims and causing 423,595 deaths/year. 
It is exceptionally cost-effective to treat, yet tobacco-dependence basic 
science knowledge and clinic diagnostic and treatment skills remain largely 
untaught in the United States' medical, nursing, dental, or pharmacy 
schools. We wanted to explore methods to integrate tobacco-dependence 
education and training into all healthcare professional schools. METHODS: 
The Palo Alto Center for Pulmonary Disease Prevention (PACPDP) chose to 
partner with Loma Linda University (LLU) because it has graduate schools for 
all four, major, health-science disciplines and has a 100-year-old 
campus-wide mission to prevent and treat tobacco dependence. We initially 
revised and updated the School of Medicine's (SM) thorough, 4-hour, 
pre-clinical workshop and the School of Pharmacy's (SP) 9 hours of 
pre-clinical content in tobacco-dependence diagnosis and pharmacotherapy. 
Using a heuristic methodology for curriculum and faculty development, we 
fostered discipline-specific curricular changes and initiated 
interdisciplinary clinical rotations for LLU's Schools of Nursing (SN), 
Pharmacy (SP), and Dentistry (SD). Faculty attended national, scientific 
tobacco and nicotine meetings to increase knowledge and competence by 
interacting with international experts. RESULTS: From February 2007 through 
December 2009, the number of basic science hours taught in each of the four 
professional schools increased a substantial 3-to 6-fold (e.g., 1 hour to 6 
hours). Clinical training hours increased overall from 0 to 4, with the 
School of Medicine adding a 4-week elective rotation. The greater the direct 
support from the Dean's office in each school, the faster and greater the 
faculty and curricular change. CONCLUSION: Major curricular change in 
tobacco-dependence basic-science and clinical training can occur rapidly in 
all four, major health-science schools by interweaving content into existing 
courses and clerkships. Doing so required consistent, unwavering support 
from the University Chancellor and Deans. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: 
Implementing interdisciplinary curricular change will enable the forthcoming 
generation of healthcare professionals to be vastly more effective in 
diagnosis and treatment of tobacco dependence, reducing healthcare costs 
substantially.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diagnosis
  nursing
  school
  tobacco dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  competence
  curriculum
  death
  dentistry
  drug therapy
  education
  graduate
  health care cost
  health care personnel
  health science
  hospital
  Loma
  lung disease
  methodology
  pharmacy
  prophylaxis
  skill
  tobacco
  United States
  university
  victim
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.10264
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 561
TITLE
  A course introducing the principles of pharmaceutical care.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hudgens J.R.
  Chirico M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hudgens J.R.) Belmont University School of Pharmacy, Gordon E. Inman 
College of Health Sciences and Nursing, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, 
TN 37212, USA.
(Chirico M.J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.R. Hudgens, Belmont University School of Pharmacy, Gordon E. Inman College 
of Health Sciences and Nursing, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, 
USA. Email: julie.hudgens@belmont.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2010) 74:7 (131). Date of 
Publication: 10 Sep 2010
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To develop, implement, and assess a course that introduces students to the 
process and application of pharmaceutical care. The course was offered to 
students in the third semester of the PharmD curriculum. The course's 
ability outcomes were to integrate and apply scientific and therapeutic 
knowledge in the delivery of evidence-based pharmaceutical care, and to 
develop the skills of a professional, lifelong learner. The students 
successfully applied the information learned in this course to the practice 
of pharmaceutical care. The 3 components of the course that appeared to be 
the most challenging were identifying drug-therapy problems, creating 
compound goals, and creating a care plan. This course was effective in 
meeting ability-based outcomes. The assessment data helped the instructors 
determine what changes should be made to increase the course's success when 
it is offered again.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  curriculum
  education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptive behavior
  article
  clinical competence
  evaluation study
  evidence based medicine
  human
  methodology
  pharmacy student
  problem based learning
  psychological aspect
  questionnaire
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21088737 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21088737)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 562
TITLE
  The need for provision of a smoking cessation service to patients in the 
cardiorespiratory directorate at Glenfield Hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Edwards H.
  McKechnie E.
  Perry M.
  Yoong L.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Edwards H.; McKechnie E.; Perry M.; Yoong L.S.) Glenfield Hospital, 
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Edwards, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, 
United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Clinical Pharmacist (2010) 2:9 (S17). Date of Publication: September 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  2010 Joint National Conference of the United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacy 
Association and the Guild of Healthcare Pharmacists
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Leeds, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-05-14 to 2010-05-16
ISSN
  1758-9061
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Smoking remains the main cause of preventable mortality and premature death 
in England. Smoking cessation services have been identified as playing a key 
role in helping smokers to quit, so reducing mortality from conditions such 
as cancer and heart disease. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) has been 
shown to be an effective intervention to assist smoking cessation.1 
Currently at University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL) NHS Trust, patients are 
expected to obtain their own supplies of NRT for use whilst in hospital. NRT 
is supplied by the hospital pharmacy to patients only in certain 
circumstances, such as patients who are suffering with severe nicotine 
withdrawal symptoms and who are unable to obtain their own supplies of NRT 
including patients on Intensive Care Units.2 Although staff at UHL are 
encouraged to refer suitable patients to community stop smoking services on 
discharge, this is often not carried out. This proposed change of service 
provision aims to address the aforementioned issues by providing a smoking 
cessation service at UHL for inpatients in the Cardiorespiratory directorate 
at Glenfield Hospital. The Cardiorespiratory directorate is a tertiary 
referral centre. OBJECTIVES 1. To gauge potential need for provision of 
smoking cessation for inpatients within the Cardiorespiratory directorate at 
Glenfield Hospital2 2. To facilitate patient follow up in primary care by 
handover of patients on discharge from hospital METHOD All patients seen in 
preadmission clinics prior to cardiac surgery and those on the 
cardiorespiratory wards were included in the pilot. The community stop 
smoking advisor trained all pharmacists and cardiac rehabilitation nurses to 
give them the skills to interview and advise patients regarding smoking 
cessation. Ward staff were notified about the scheme and encouraged to refer 
suitable patients to trained personnel for assessment. A smoking cessation 
guideline was created to allow appropriate selection of NRT after discussion 
with the medical team looking after the patient. NRT provided was limited to 
lozenges and patches. The provision of NRT was funded by the local Primary 
Care Trust (PCT). A referral form was completed for each patient who had 
consented to be in the pilot and this information was handed on to the 
community stop smoking service upon the patient's discharge to allow for 
follow up in primary care. (Table Presented) RESULTS One hundred and eight 
out of 110 patients interviewed were referred between September 2008 and 
August 2009 to the community stop smoking service. Two patients did not 
consent to referral. Table 1 shows that the number of referrals increased 
from the start of the project. The majority of patient assessments and 
referrals, 92%, (n=99) were completed by pharmacists. 100% (n=108) of 
referral forms were sent on discharge and followed up by primary care. 
DISCUSSION This project has shown that there is a need for provision of a 
smoking cessation service within the hospital setting. As awareness of the 
smoking cessation service increased, more patients were referred to a 
pharmacist or a trained nurse and offered NRT with subsequent referral to 
the community stop smoking services on discharge. The proactive utilisation 
of the pharmacist by ward staff has also increased. This has had educational 
benefits for pharmacy staff who have been able to develop patient 
counselling skills. Communication between primary and secondary care was 
facilitated as the community stop smoking advisor met every week with one of 
the hospital pharmacists to ensure all patients discharged were handed over 
and followed up appropriately. The majority of patients interviewed were 
willing to be referred to the community stop smoking service on discharge. 
However, this service was targeted at those smokers who had been highlighted 
by ward staff. Additional staff and funding for this service had not been 
provided and so not all of the smokers on the ward were assessed. Provision 
of this service to all smokers who are inpatients would be a future 
extension. This service is still established at Glenfield Hospital and it is 
hoped to increase provision to other directorates in the future. Long term 
follow up of these referred patients is occurring to confirm the usefulness 
of this service to the hospital. Currently NRT is supplied by the PCT. There 
may be a case for commissioning this service in the future.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  health care
  hospital
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  smoking cessation
  United Kingdom
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  counseling
  death
  follow up
  funding
  heart disease
  heart rehabilitation
  heart surgery
  hospital discharge
  hospital patient
  hospital pharmacy
  intensive care unit
  interpersonal communication
  interview
  lozenge
  mortality
  neoplasm
  nicotine replacement therapy
  nurse
  patient assessment
  personnel
  pharmacy
  primary medical care
  skill
  smoking
  university hospital
  ward
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 563
TITLE
  Fast detection of adverse drug reactions of new drugs by community 
pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Christensen S.T.
  Bjerrum O.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Christensen S.T.; Bjerrum O.J.) Department of Pharmacology and 
Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of 
Copenhagen, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.T. Christensen, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
SOURCE
  Drug Safety (2010) 33:10 (928). Date of Publication: 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  10th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Pharmacovigilance, ISoP 
'Pharmacovigilance in the Global Village'
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Accra, Ghana
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-11-03 to 2010-11-06
ISSN
  0114-5916
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Adis International Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Pharmacists have been recognised as having an important role 
in pharmacovigilance.[1] In that vein pharmacists in several countries are 
encouraged to submit spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions 
(ADR) to national health authorities. Likewise community pharmacists i.e. 
have participated in prescription event monitoring studies as 
intermediates.[2] The pro-active role of community pharmacists in 
pharmacovigilance based on face-to-face questioning of medicine users is yet 
a source for safety data and it has not developed into its' full potential. 
Being a profession increasingly engaged in customer centred care - i.e. 
detection, management and documentation of drug related problems - community 
pharmacists are in a unique position for detecting user experienced ADR. A 
feasibility study conducted in Denmark in 2009 revealed that the 
face-to-face questioning of medicine users about ADR in relation to drug 
dispensing constitutes a valid approach in detection of ADR.([3]) Objective: 
The study reports from an ongoing study of the newly launched anti-diabetic 
drug Victoza® and seeks to document ADR experienced by recurrent ordinary 
users through face-to-face questioning upon drug dispensing. Methods: 
Pharmacy students undertaking regular internship at a community pharmacy - 
8(th) semester - were approached as proxies for community pharmacists. On 
top of course work on patient centred drug management students attended a 
training seminar focusing on questioning medicine users in order to 
elucidate and achieve precise descriptions of experienced ADR. Recurrent 
users of Victoza® are asked about any experienced ADR. ADR are detected and 
reported through a semi-structured interview guide/algorithm. Results: 
Within 2months 14 students have approached 38 users of which 22 reported 
possible experienced ADR linked to Victoza®. 17 reports contain information 
on users initially experiencing nausea and generally reported to disappear 
within the first couple of weeks of treatment. Further diarrhoea, decreased 
appetite and dizziness have been reported. Discussion: The collected ADR are 
all described in the summary product characteristics of Victoza®.([4]) The 
results support the hypothesis that community pharmacists' may prove a 
valuable contribution in the process of signal generation of new drugs. 
Community pharmacy based pharmacovigilance is a low cost tool relying on 
existing skills among pharmacists. Due to the frequent contact with medicine 
users the approach has a wide range reaching possibly all users in the 
society. With educated pharmacists the approach may prove useful in all 
types of community pharmacy settings and may take the form as regular cohort 
studies or as part of intensive monitoring.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  new drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  liraglutide
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  community
  drug surveillance program
  pharmacist
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cohort analysis
  custodial care
  decreased appetite
  Denmark
  diabetes mellitus
  diarrhea
  dizziness
  documentation
  feasibility study
  hypothesis
  monitoring
  nausea
  occupation
  patient
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  prescription
  public health
  safety
  semi structured interview
  skill
  student
  vein
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11532470-000000000-00000
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 564
TITLE
  Abstracts: 10th ISoP Annual Meeting 'Pharmacovigilance in the Global 
Village'
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Drug Safety (2010) 33:10. Date of Publication: 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  10th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Pharmacovigilance, ISoP 
'Pharmacovigilance in the Global Village'
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Accra, Ghana
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-11-03 to 2010-11-06
ISSN
  0114-5916
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Adis International Ltd
ABSTRACT
  The proceedings contain 153 papers. The topics discussed include: attitude, 
perception and barriers towards adverse drug reaction reporting among 
community pharmacists in Malaysia; drug-drug interactions: an 
under-estimated problem; drug-related hospital admissions; the PROTECT 
project: an innovative public-private partnership for new methodologies in 
pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology; assessment of knowledge and 
perceptions of senior pharmacy students towards pharmacovigilance activities 
in Malaysia; strontium ranelate utilization from prescription-event 
monitoring (PEM): focus on 'off label' and special populations use in 
support of risk management; analysis of aripiprazole utilization from 
prescription-event monitoring (PEM): focus on off-label use; interim results 
of a modified prescription-event monitoring study on ivabradine: case series 
of utilization in patients <40 years; and pilot swine flu vaccination active 
surveillance study: design and rationale.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aripiprazole
  ivabradine
  strontium ranelate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  case study
  community
  drug interaction
  hospital admission
  Malaysia
  methodology
  monitoring
  off label drug use
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacoepidemiology
  pharmacy student
  population
  prescription
  public-private partnership
  risk management
  study design
  swine influenza
  vaccination
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 565
TITLE
  Changes in neurosteroid levels and steroidogenic enzyme expression in the 
brain of morphine dependent and withdrawing rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Yan C.
  Wang X.
  Jiang P.
  Hou Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Yan C.; Jiang P.) Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, 
Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China.
(Wang X.) Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical 
University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China.
(Hou Y., yancaizhen@yahoo.com.cn) Department of Pharmacology, Beathune 
International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Y. Hou, Department of Pharmacology, Beathune International Peace Hospital, 
Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China. Email: yancaizhen@yahoo.com.cn
SOURCE
  Neural Regeneration Research (2010) 5:7 (514-518). Date of Publication: 2010
ISSN
  1673-5374
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Editorial Board of Neural Regeneration Research, P.O. Box 1234, Shaenyang, 
Liaoning, China.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Studies have demonstrated that exogenous neurosteroid treatment 
prevents the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and 
attenuates abstinence behavior in mice. However, there are few studies on 
whether the levels of endogenous neurosteroids can be changed by morphine 
dependence and withdrawal. Objective: To investigate the levels of various 
neurosteroids in rat brain following morphine dependence and withdrawal. To 
evaluate the expressions of steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs and proteins. To 
identify the relationship between neurosteroids and morphine dependence at 
the whole animal behavior, neural biochemistry, and molecular levels. 
Design, Time and Setting: A randomized, controlled study. Experiments were 
performed at the Department of Pharmacology of Hebei Medical University and 
Department of Pharmacology of Beathune International Peace Hospital, China, 
from June 2004 to October 2007. Materials: Morphine hydrochloride injection 
(Shenyang First Pharmaceutical Factory, China), naloxone hydrochloride 
(Hunan Yiqiao Pharmaceutical Co., China) and a gas chromatography-mass 
spectrometry system (Agilent, CA, USA) were used in this study. Methods: 
Healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a 
morphine dependence group, morphine withdrawal group and control group (n = 
20). The rats in the morphine dependence and morphine withdrawal groups were 
given increasing doses of morphine (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg, 
intraperitoneal) to create morphine dependence. The rats in the morphine 
withdrawal group were injected with 2 mg/kg naloxone to precipitate 
withdrawal 1 hour after the last morphine injection. Rats in the control 
group were treated with an equal volume of saline. Main Outcome Measures: 
Following morphine dependence and withdrawal, brain levels of the 
neurosteroids pregnenolone, progesterone and allopregnanolone were analyzed 
using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mRNA expression of two key 
steroidogenic enzymes, P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), were determined in rat brain 
regions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The 
distribution and expression of P450scc protein were visualized in brain 
regions associated with addiction by immunohistochemistry. Results: In brain 
tissue from the morphine dependence group, the levels of pregnenolone and 
progesterone were decreased by 62% (P < 0.01) and 92% (P < 0.01) 
respectively, compared with the control group. In the morphine dependence 
group, the key steroidogenic enzyme P450scc mRNA was decreased in striatum 
(P < 0.05), while 3β-HSD mRNA was decreased in amygdala (P < 0.05), striatum 
(P < 0.05) and frontal cortex (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. 
Morphine withdrawal induced a significant increase in the neurosteroid 
levels compared with the control group (P < 0.01). However, there was no 
significant difference in the expressions of P450scc and 3β-HSD mRNAs 
between the morphine withdrawal and control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: 
The neurosteroid levels and expressions of steroidogenic enzymes changed 
similarly in morphine dependent rats, suggesting that the morphine 
dependence-induced decrease in neurosteroids might depend on local 
expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the central nervous system. However, 
the changes in neurosteroids in morphine withdrawal rats were not in 
accordance with the changes in the expression of steroidogenic enzymes, 
suggesting that the effects of morphine withdrawal on brain neurosteroid 
levels may not depend primarily on the local expression of steroidogenic 
enzymes in the central nervous system.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine (drug dose, intraperitoneal drug administration)
  neurosteroid (endogenous compound)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3alpha hydroxy 5alpha pregnan 20 one (endogenous compound)
  messenger RNA (endogenous compound)
  naloxone
  pregnenolone (endogenous compound)
  progesterone (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine addiction
  protein expression
  withdrawal syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal behavior
  animal experiment
  animal tissue
  article
  biochemistry
  brain level
  controlled study
  drug dose increase
  immunohistochemistry
  immunoreactivity
  male
  mass fragmentography
  nonhuman
  protein localization
  randomization
  rat
  reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (China)Hunan Yigiao
   (China)Shenyang
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3alpha hydroxy 5alpha pregnan 20 one (516-54-1)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  pregnenolone (145-13-1)
  progesterone (57-83-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010419928
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2010.07.006
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 566
TITLE
  The education of a provincial pharmacist
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zellmer W.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zellmer W.A., wzellmer@msn.com)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W. A. Zellmer, Email: wzellmer@msn.com
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2010) 67:13 (1080-1084). Date of 
Publication: 1 Jul 2010
ISSN
  1079-2082
  1535-2900 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  awards and prizes
  career
  conference paper
  cultural anthropology
  drug abuse
  health care organization
  health care quality
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection
  international cooperation
  leprosy
  malaria
  medical expert
  onchocerciasis
  pharmacy student
  priority journal
  public health
  quality of life
  trachoma
  tuberculosis
  United States
  voluntary worker
  world health organization
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2011274395
MEDLINE PMID
  20554594 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20554594)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp090621
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 567
TITLE
  Challenges and obstacles facing the oncology nurse in his/her attempts to 
manage pains in Cyprus
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pitsillides B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pitsillides B.) Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Friends, Cyprus.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Pitsillides, Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Friends, Cyprus.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (2010) 32:5 (429-430). Date of 
Publication: July 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  Middle Eastern Cancer Consortium, MECC Palliative Care Steering Committee 
Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Larnaca, Cyprus
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-01-08 to 2010-01-10
ISSN
  1077-4114
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
ABSTRACT
  Over the past 15 years Cyprus has come a long way to improving pain 
management. Legislation for narcotics has no negative language in its 
document, such as the word “addictive.” Prescription is 30 days. Any doctor 
can write the prescription and we can now in the past 3 years get Oxycontin 
from the private pharmacy. Earlier all strong opioids were held in 
Government hospitals or the Oncology centre and private doctors were 
reluctant to prescribe opioids. Thus access and prescription have not been 
made difficult by the Cypriot government. The question is why is Cyprus 45th 
on the list for using narcotics per capita by The International Narcotics 
Control Board? The answer and main challenge in Cyprus I believe remains 
education. Education is required for health professionals including 
pharmacists, who can in turn educate their patients and this will flow on to 
the general public. Pain clinics are required and the first will begin in 
Nicosia general hospital in 2010 run by anaesthetists but without a 
multidisciplinary team. Different drugs and routes are required to be 
imported into the country. Some examples would be a morphine suppository as 
many patients die at home and this would be the easiest and most effective 
way to manage any breakthrough pain when patients have dysphasia. Methadone 
is another drug we would like to have access to. It is currently in the 
country for use by psychiatrists for those with addiction. Anecdotally we 
have heard centres such as NCI and Calvary hospital use this drug as a first 
line opioid when patients have neuropathic pain. One of our main obstacles 
when managing difficult pain problems is the neuropathic component. Another 
argument for methadone is there which is incomplete cross tolerance between 
opiates and sometimes patients side effects from one opioid such as nausea 
or sedation may not be the case with another opiate. Morphine and Oxycodone 
are the same class penanthrene, Fentanyl is a phenylpiperdine and Methadone 
is a diphenleptane thus Mehtadone would give us another opioid for rotation. 
There have been some problems with distribution, hospitals running out of 
opioids and our recent shortage for example of Fentanyl patches 25 mg. There 
needs to be close monitoring of opioid use so that measures are in place to 
import narcotics before there is no stock left in the country. Myths, 
stigmas, and misinformation about opioids still exist in Cyprus although 
this has improved remarkably over the past 5 years, further improvement will 
improve with education. Health professionals have to believe their patients 
pain, regular assessment, and evaluation of their intervention as a total 
pain and finally working closely with the whole team, including the home 
care team. Oncology nurses are the patients advocate and we want patients to 
have the control of their pain management by using pain diaries ensuring 
that they feel safe, listened to, and pain free.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  fentanyl
  methadone
  morphine
  narcotic agent
  opiate
  oxycodone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Cyprus
  neoplasm
  nurse
  oncology
  pain
  palliative therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  cross tolerance
  dysphasia
  education
  general hospital
  government
  health practitioner
  home care
  hospital
  language
  law
  literature
  monitoring
  nausea
  neuropathic pain
  pain clinic
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  prescription
  psychiatrist
  sedation
  side effect
  suppository
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181d5aa83
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 568
TITLE
  The challenges and obstacles in cancer pain management in Turkey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mutafoglu K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mutafoglu K.) Institute of Oncology, Department Pediatric Oncology, Dokuz 
Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Mutafoglu, Institute of Oncology, Department Pediatric Oncology, Dokuz 
Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (2010) 32:5 (424-425). Date of 
Publication: July 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  Middle Eastern Cancer Consortium, MECC Palliative Care Steering Committee 
Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Larnaca, Cyprus
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-01-08 to 2010-01-10
ISSN
  1077-4114
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
ABSTRACT
  The inadequate management of cancer pain is a serious problem in Turkey. 
Cancer pain frequently goes ineffectively treated owing to several different 
factors. There are mainly 3 levels of barriers to effective pain management: 
the barriers related to providers, the patients and families, and the health 
system. Provider barriers to effective pain management include: Lack of 
awareness of patient's pain Inadequate training and education on the 
management of cancer pain Lack of time and resources to address pain A 
higher priority given to curing cancer Concern about legal or regulatory 
sanctions for overuse of opioids. Medical education, not addressing 
palliative care, has a major impact on inadequate pain management. A great 
majority of the physicians and nurses are cure-oriented and there is lack of 
awareness of patient's pain. Most of them do not have adequate education, 
and training on pain management. Besides, there is lack of time and 
resources. Careful assessment and understanding of pain requires time in the 
clinic. However, this is not always possible in the busy clinics in which 
there is limited time for each patient. The number of health professionals 
is not enough even to meet the need for curative anticancer treatment. Very 
limited number of hospital beds is another major barrier to manage severe 
pain. In Turkey, opioids can only be prescribed using a special type of 
prescription, the so called “red prescription.” Although all physicians are 
entitled to prescribe this type of medication, and it is a legal requirement 
for them to keep red prescription available, most of them do not keep it 
ready owing to concerns about legal or regulatory sanctions regarding 
opioids. Nonpharmacologic interventions for pain management are almost 
unavailable. Most of the health care workers turn a blind eye to these 
interventions. Patient and family barriers include: Belief that pain is an 
inevitable part of dealing with cancer Belief that nothing can be done for 
cancer pain Failure to mention pain to providers Fear that mentioning pain 
will distract providers from cancer treatment Fear of addiction and 
dependence to painkillers Failure to access to the prescription of opioids 
The stigmatization regarding morphine and terminal illness Lack of adherence 
to treatment regimens There is lack of public awareness regarding the fact 
that living and dying without pain is a human right. There is an assumption 
that pain is inevitable in the course of cancer. Patients only rarely 
express their pain unless it is specifically addressed by physicians or 
nurses. The time spared per patient is very short, so the patients and the 
care givers fear that mentioning pain will distract providers from cancer 
treatment. Although fear of addiction and dependence on part of both 
patients and providers may play a role in inadequate pain management, we 
have no studies looked into this important issue. The number of patients who 
directly refuse opioid analgesics is small. In clinical practice, patients 
usually agree to use morphine if the physicians inform the patient and the 
family about the rationale. However, family members often have more concern 
than the patients. Some patients or family members may show reluctance or 
poor compliance stem from the perception of morphine as a drug whose 
prescription marks the beginning of the road toward death. Patients may 
experience difficulty in getting an opioid prescription. Lack of adherence 
to treatment regimens is a serious problem for every kind of analgesic 
medicine. System barriers include: A priority on curing cancer over caring 
for cancer patients Lack of palliative care organizations Regulatory 
barriers to effective pain management Lack of communication between 
specialists and primary care providers The heath care system has a priority 
on curing cancer over caring for cancer patients. Palliative care has still 
not been established. Most of the health professionals are even not aware of 
the recent definition of palliative care. Lack of palliative care 
organizations, particularly home care and hospices, is the most important 
barrier to adequate pain management. Among the current barriers is the lack 
of a functioning drug supply system. Opioid analgesics cannot be found in 
all pharmacies even though it is legally required. Although nonopioid 
analgesics are available almost everywhere, only some of the opioid 
analgesics are available in limited quantities or places, or some are 
available but underused. The only minor opioid available in the market is 
tramadol. Codeine, in its pure form, is almost absent. It is only available 
in some analgesic combination formulas such as paracetamol+ cafein + codein, 
which causes problems in dose adjustment. The injectable forms of morphine 
are still available more readily than the oral forms. The currently 
available parenteral opioids in the market are morphine, fentanyl, and 
sufentanyl. Immediate release oral morphine, which is the preferred first 
line major opioid, is not available in Turkey. Although sustained-release 
oral morphine was earlier available in the market, currently it is not. For 
economic reasons, health care professionals are encouraged by the industry 
to use more expensive drugs. There is no oral morphine, but oromucosal 
fentanyl is available in the market. Transdermal fentanyl is currently the 
drug of choice to manage cancer pain. The limitations regarding the maximum 
dose of opioid analgesics in a single red recipe is another obstacle. The 
lack of communication between oncology specialists and primary care 
providers plays an important role in inadequate pain management. In 
conclusion, there is a serious pain treatment gap: it is the difference 
between what can be done, and what is done about cancer pain. Education and 
awareness of the need for adequate pain management are necessary first 
steps. The oncologists, oncology nurses, and pharmacists should be educated 
and legally empowered to prescribe, dispense, and administer opioid 
analgesics to patients in accordance with local needs. National standards to 
establish a palliative care program should be defined urgently. As a 
priority, we need staff including physicians, nurses, social workers, 
psychologists, physiotherapists, etc to be particularly trained to provide 
palliative care. Pain medication including opioids must be available in 
adequate amounts in both parenteral and oral forms, and in the places where 
patients are living. The government should designate a functional control 
mechanism for ensuring adequate availability of opioids for medical care. 
Governmental and institutional efforts to identify and address impediments 
in the health care and regulatory systems are needed.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  codeine
  fentanyl
  morphine
  narcotic analgesic agent
  opiate
  paracetamol
  sufentanil
  tramadol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cancer pain
  neoplasm
  palliative therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  cancer patient
  cancer therapy
  caregiver
  clinical practice
  death
  drug therapy
  education
  eye
  fear
  government
  health care
  health care personnel
  health practitioner
  home care
  hospice
  hospital
  hospital bed
  human rights
  industry
  interpersonal communication
  market
  maximum permissible dose
  medical care
  medical education
  medical specialist
  nurse
  oncology
  organization
  pain
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  physiotherapist
  prescription
  primary medical care
  psychologist
  social worker
  sustained drug release
  terminal disease
  transdermal drug administration
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181d5aa83
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 569
TITLE
  Three years after legalization of nonprescription pharmacy syringe sales in 
California: where are we now?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Garfein R.S.
  Stopka T.J.
  Pavlinac P.B.
  Ross A.
  Haye B.K.
  Riley E.D.
  Bluthenthal R.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Garfein R.S.) Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, 
School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
(Stopka T.J.; Pavlinac P.B.; Ross A.; Haye B.K.; Riley E.D.; Bluthenthal 
R.N.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.S. Garfein, Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, 
School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. 
Email: rgarfein@ucsd.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 
(2010) 87:4 (576-585). Date of Publication: Jul 2010
ISSN
  1468-2869 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  In January 2005, passage of California Senate Bill 1159 enabled California's 
county or city governments to establish disease prevention demonstration 
projects (DPDPs) through which pharmacies could subsequently register to 
legally sell up to 10 syringes to adults without a prescription. 
California's 61 local health jurisdictions (LHJs) were surveyed annually in 
2005-2007 to monitor the progress of DPDP implementation and assess program 
coverage, facilitators, and barriers. Completed surveys were returned by 
mail, fax, e-mail, phone, or internet. We analyzed 2007 survey data to 
describe current DPDP status; data from all years were analyzed for trends 
in approval and implementation status. By 2007, 17 (27.9%) LHJs approved 
DPDPs, of which 14 (82.4%) had registered 532 (17.8%) of the 2,987 
pharmacies in these 14 LHJs. Although only three LHJs added DPDPs since 
2006, the number of registered pharmacies increased 102% from 263 previously 
reported. Among the LHJs without approved DPDPs in 2007, one (2.3%) was in 
the approval process, seven (16.3%) planned to seek approval, and 35 (81.4%) 
reported no plans to seek approval. Of 35 LHJs not planning to seek 
approval, the top four reasons were: limited health department time (40%) or 
interest (34%), pharmacy disinterest (31%), and law enforcement opposition 
(26%). Among eight LHJs pursuing approval, the main barriers were "time 
management" (13%), educating stakeholders (13%), and enlisting pharmacy 
participation (13%). The17 LHJs with DPDP represent 52% of California's 
residents; they included 62% of persons living with HIV and 59% of 
IDU-related HIV cases, suggesting that many LHJs with significant numbers of 
HIV cases have approved DPDPs. Outcome studies are needed to determine 
whether SB 1159 had the desired impact on increasing syringe access and 
reducing blood-borne viral infection risk among California IDUs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  preventive health service
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  hepatitis C (prevention)
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (prevention)
  legal aspect
  statistics
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  20535641 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535641)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9463-3
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 570
TITLE
  Pharmacy participation in non-prescription syringe sales in Los Angeles and 
San Francisco counties, 2007.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cooper E.N.
  Dodson C.
  Stopka T.J.
  Riley E.D.
  Garfein R.S.
  Bluthenthal R.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cooper E.N.) Urban Community Research Center, Sociology Department, 
California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 East Victoria Street, 
Carson, CA 90747, USA.
(Dodson C.; Stopka T.J.; Riley E.D.; Garfein R.S.; Bluthenthal R.N.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.N. Cooper, Urban Community Research Center, Sociology Department, 
California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 East Victoria Street, 
Carson, CA 90747, USA.
SOURCE
  Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 
(2010) 87:4 (543-552). Date of Publication: Jul 2010
ISSN
  1468-2869 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Increasing sterile syringe access for injection drug users (IDUs) is one way 
to prevent HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in this population. 
In 2005, California Senate Bill 1159 allowed counties to adopt the Disease 
Prevention Demonstration Project (DPDP). Where enacted, the DPDP allows 
pharmacies that register with the county to sell up to ten syringes to 
adults without a prescription. In the current study, we describe pharmacy 
participation in nonprescription syringe sales (NPSS) in two counties in 
California and examine factors associated with NPSS. Telephone and in-person 
interviews were conducted in Los Angeles (LA) and San Francisco (SF) with 
238 pharmacies in 2007 (n = 67 in SF; n = 171 in LA). Quantitative survey 
items captured pharmacy registration with the county, pharmacy 
policies/practices, episodes and conditions of NPSS and refusals to sell, 
potential negative consequences of NPSS, and staff attitudes regarding HIV 
and HCV prevention for IDUs. Overall, 42% of pharmacies reported NPSS (28% 
in LA and 81% in SF), although only 34% had registered with the county (17% 
in LA and 76% in SF). Many pharmacies required proof of a medical condition 
(80% in LA and 30% in SF) and refused NPSS if the customer was a suspected 
IDU (74% in LA, 33% in SF). Few negative consequences of NPSS were reported. 
In multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the odds of NPSS 
were significantly higher among pharmacists who thought syringe access was 
important for preventing HIV among IDUs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.95; 
95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-7.92], were chain pharmacies (AOR = 
12.5; 95% CI = 4.55-33.33), and were located in SF (AOR = 4.88; 95% CI = 
1.94-12.28). These results suggest that NPSS were influenced by pharmacists' 
perception. NPSS might be increased through greater educational efforts 
directed at pharmacists, particularly those in non-chain pharmacies.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health personnel attitude
  pharmacy
  preventive health service
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health care survey
  hepatitis C (prevention)
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (prevention)
  statistics
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  20549568 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549568)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9483-z
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 571
TITLE
  Linking India Global Health Professions Student Survey data to the World 
Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sinha D.N.
  Singh G.
  Gupta P.C.
  Pednekar M.
  Warrn C.W.
  Asma S.
  Lee J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sinha D.N.) School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India.
(Singh G.; Gupta P.C.; Pednekar M.; Warrn C.W.; Asma S.; Lee J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.N. Sinha, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India.
SOURCE
  Indian journal of cancer (2010) 47 Suppl 1 (30-34). Date of Publication: Jul 
2010
ISSN
  1998-4774 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  The 2003 India Tobacco Control Act (ITCA) includes provisions designed to 
reduce tobacco consumption and protect citizens from exposure to secondhand 
smoke. India ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on 
Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) on February 27, 2005. The WHO FCTC is the world's 
first public health treaty that aims to promote and protect public health 
and reduce the devastating health and economic impact of tobacco. The Global 
Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) was developed to track tobacco use 
among third-year dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy students across 
countries. Data from the dental (2005), medical (2006), nursing(2007), and 
pharmacy (2008) GHPSS conducted in India showed high prevalence of tobacco 
use and a general lack of training by health professionals in patient 
cessation counseling techniques. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 
could use this information to monitor and evaluate the existing tobacco 
control program effort in India as well as to develop and implement new 
tobacco control program initiatives.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health survey
  medical profession
  smoking (epidemiology, prevention)
  student
  tobacco dependence (prevention)
  tobacco industry
  world health organization
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  counseling
  human
  India (epidemiology)
  legal aspect
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  20622411 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622411)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 572
TITLE
  Nepalese pharmacy students' perceptions regarding mental disorders and 
pharmacy education.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Panthee S.
  Panthee B.
  Shakya S.R.
  Panthee N.
  Bhandari D.R.
  Bell J.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Panthee S.) Department of Pharmacy, Kathmandu University, Nepal.
(Panthee B.; Shakya S.R.; Panthee N.; Bhandari D.R.; Bell J.S.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Panthee, Department of Pharmacy, Kathmandu University, Nepal.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2010) 74:5. Date of 
Publication: 15 Jun 2010
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To determine Nepalese pharmacy students' perceptions of whether mental 
disorders impact performance in pharmacy school. All first- and third-year 
undergraduate pharmacy students (n=226) in Nepal were invited to complete a 
modified version of the Mental Illness Performance Scale. Among the 200 
respondents (response rate 88.5%), 14% reported that they had a mental 
disorder. The majority (92%) of third-year students agreed or strongly 
agreed that depression would interfere with a student's academic 
performance. Almost half of first-year students agreed or strongly agreed 
that alcohol or drug abuse would be grounds for both rejecting an applicant 
from pharmacy school (49%) and dismissal of a student from pharmacy school 
(46%). Students perceived a high level of academic impairment associated 
with mental disorders, but the majority did not perceive that mental 
disorders were grounds for dismissal from or rejection of entry to pharmacy 
school. Students' attitudes may discourage them from seeking help or 
providing mental health support to others.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  health personnel attitude
  mental disease
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  female
  human
  male
  Nepal
  psychological aspect
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  20798796 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798796)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 573
TITLE
  Classification of drug-related problems with new prescriptions using a 
modified PCNE classification system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Eichenberger P.M.
  Lampert M.L.
  Kahmann I.V.
  Van Mil J.W.F.
  Hersberger K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Eichenberger P.M.; Hersberger K.E., kurt.hersberger@unibas.ch) 
Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, Pharmazentrum, 
Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
(Lampert M.L.) Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cantonal Hospital Bruderholz, 
Bruderholz 4101, Switzerland.
(Kahmann I.V.) Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cantonal Hospital 
Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen 8208, Switzerland.
(Van Mil J.W.F.) Van Mil Consultancy, Margrietlaan 1, Zuidlaren 9471 CT, 
Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. E. Hersberger, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, 
Pharmazentrum, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland. Email: 
kurt.hersberger@unibas.ch
SOURCE
  Pharmacy World and Science (2010) 32:3 (362-372). Date of Publication: June 
2010
ISSN
  0928-1231
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives To explore and classify drug-related problems (DRPs) with new 
prescriptions detected in community pharmacies using a modified PCNE 
(Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe) classification system. Setting 
Sixty-four Swiss community pharmacies offering internships for pharmacy 
students. Main outcome measures Occurrence, nature and pharmacist's 
management of DRPs. Methods Fifth-year pharmacy students collected 
consecutively hospital discharge and primary care prescriptions. After 
training, they documented clinical and technical DRPs, causes and 
interventions. Results Prescriptions of 616 patients (43.0% discharged from 
hospital) were analysed. The patients' median age was 56 years and they 
received a median of 3 (range 2-19) different drugs. In 121 (19.6%) 
prescriptions 141 clinical DRPs were detected. The most frequent clinical 
DRPs were potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) (37.6%), drug choice 
(24.8%) and drug use problems (15.6%). These clinical DRPs led to a total of 
299 interventions. There were 222 prescriptions (36.0%) that showed 278 
technical DRPs, resulting in a total of 417 interventions. Most frequent 
technical DRPs were missing or unclear package size or therapy duration 
(32.7%) and missing or unclear dosing/application instructions (30.9%). Most 
DRPs (75.4%) could be managed by the pharmacist alone. The number of 
prescribed drugs was the main factor with an influence on the frequency of 
clinical and technical DRPs. Conclusion Clinical and technical DRPs are 
frequently observed in primary care as well as in hospital discharge 
prescriptions. The modified PCNE classification system, especially the 
amendment with a technical DRP category, proved to be useful and allowed the 
classification of all DRPs. Neither the setting (hospital discharge vs. 
primary care) nor the quality of electronically printed prescriptions, but 
only the number of prescribed drugs influenced the occurrence of clinical or 
technical DRPs. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  agents acting on the peripheral nervous and neuromuscular systems
  cardiovascular agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical classification
  drug induced disease
  pharmacy
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  controlled study
  drug choice
  drug information
  female
  hospital discharge
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  pharmaceutical care
  polypharmacy
  primary medical care
  Switzerland
  treatment duration
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010325505
MEDLINE PMID
  20229029 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20229029)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-010-9377-x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 574
TITLE
  Role of the pharmacist in palliative care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Walker K.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Walker K.A., kwalker@rx.umaryland.edu) University of Maryland School of 
Pharmacy, Palliative Medicine Clinical Specialist, Union Memorial Hospital, 
20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. A. Walker, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Palliative Medicine 
Clinical Specialist, Union Memorial Hospital, 20 North Pine Street, 
Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. Email: kwalker@rx.umaryland.edu
SOURCE
  Progress in Palliative Care (2010) 18:3 (132-139). Date of Publication: 1 
Jun 2010
ISSN
  0969-9260
  1743-291X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Maney Publishing, Suite 1C, Joseph's Well, Hanover Walk, Leeds, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide expert medication advice and 
education, thus creating a specialised role within the team providing 
end-of-life care dedicated to rational medication use. The role of 
pharmacists varies among different palliative care practice settings; 
however, all pharmacists participate in providing pharmaceutical care. 
Countries vary greatly in the accepted definitions to describe 
pharmaceutical care and in the scope of pharmacy practice. Activities of 
pharmacists can include detecting and resolving drug-related problems, 
advising providers on appropriate medication use, medication reconciliation, 
creating medication guidelines, education and many more. Pharmacy 
organisations support pharmacists as key members of interdisciplinary care, 
and there is growing recognition of the value of their contribution. This 
review will explore the role of the pharmacist and available literature 
supporting outcomes associated with pharmacy involvement in palliative care. 
Pharmacists provide valuable patient care, contribute to a growing 
literature base of medication knowledge, and participate in the education of 
patients, families and fellow professionals. © 2010 Maney Publishing.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  palliative therapy
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug use
  family
  health care organization
  health care personnel
  outcome assessment
  patient care
  patient counseling
  patient education
  pharmaceutical care
  practice guideline
  professional practice
  review
  terminal care
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010318896
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096992610X12624290276755
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 575
TITLE
  Doctors' perception and expectations of the role of the pharmacist in 
Punjab, Pakistan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Azhar S.
  Hassali M.A.
  Ibrahim M.M.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Azhar S.; Hassali M.A., azmihassali@gmail.com; Ibrahim M.M.I.) Discipline 
of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. A. Hassali, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. 
Email: azmihassali@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2010) 9:3 (215-222). Date of 
Publication: June 2010
ISSN
  1596-5996
  1596-9827 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Group, Benin City, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To investigate doctors' perception and expectations of the role of 
pharmacists in Pakistan's healthcare system. Methods: This was a 
cross-sectional study and the study population consisted of 462 medical 
doctors from three Pakistani cities in Punjab State, namely, Islamabad, 
Faisalabad and Lahore. The doctors were selected from government hospitals 
in these three cities. Results: Three hundred and fifty four questionnaires 
were returned, giving a response rate of 76.6%. Sixty eight percent of the 
doctors appeared comfortable with pharmacists playing patient-centred roles. 
A majority (84.5%, n=299; p=0.022) expected pharmacists to take personal 
responsibility for resolving any drug-related problem. Furthermore, 76% of 
them considered pharmacists as knowledgeable drug therapy experts. Only 50% 
of the doctors thought that pharmacists apply their drug knowledge in 
practice while 11% indicated that pharmacists routinely counselled their 
patients. Conclusion: The doctors considered pharmacists drug information 
experts but their expectation of pharmacists as providers of quality 
clinically-focused pharmacy services was low. The doctors were also 
uncomfortable with pharmacists providing direct patient care. © 
Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 
300001 Nigeria.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug information
  drug therapy
  expectation
  health care quality
  health care system
  human
  knowledge
  medical expert
  Pakistan
  patient counseling
  perception
  physician
  professional practice
  public hospital
  questionnaire
  responsibility
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010366250
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 576
TITLE
  Pharmacist interventions on onco-hematological inpatients prescription 
through a computer program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Conde-Estevez D.
  De Antonio J.M.
  Grau S.
  Marín-Casino M.
  Ferrández O.
  Fernández-Morato J.
  Urbina O.
  Luque S.
  Berenguer N.
  Salas E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Conde-Estevez D.; De Antonio J.M.; Grau S.; Marín-Casino M.; Ferrández O.; 
Fernández-Morato J.; Urbina O.; Luque S.; Berenguer N.; Salas E.) Hospital 
del Mar, IMAS, Barcelona, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Conde-Estevez, Hospital del Mar, IMAS, Barcelona, Spain.
SOURCE
  Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice (2010) 16:2 SUPPL. 1 (11-12). Date of 
Publication: June 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  12th Symposium of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy 
Practitioners
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Prague, Czech Republic
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-05-05 to 2010-05-08
ISSN
  1078-1552
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: This study was to assess the CPOE utility and to describe the 
results of the 10 first months. Methods: Prospective observational study of 
interventions performed among all inpatients of oncology and hematology 
wards from February to November 2009 (10 months) admitted in a 450-bed 
university hospital. Pharmacists assessed alerts from the computer program 
and make interventions to optimize drug therapy in oncology and hematology 
inpatients. Anti-cancer chemotherapy drugs were excluded. Results: Patients 
with intervention: 210. Total interventions: 308 (1.5 
interventions/patient). Demographics: male 115 (54.8%). Age: 63.4 ±14.4. 
Medical ward: oncology 248 (80.5%); hematology 60 (19.5%). Accepted 
interventions: 243 (78.9%). Main type of alerts: 46 (14.9%) dosage 
adjustment in impaired analytical parameter values; 28 (9.1%) infradose; 21 
(6.8%) overdose. Main therapeutic groups of the implicated drug: J: 
anti-infectives 127 (41.2%); A: alimentary tract and metabolism 45 (14.6%) 
and C: cardiovascular system 36 (11.7%). Conclusion: The application allowed 
to perform a high number of interventions most of them being accepted. The 
most common detections were alerts related to dosage adjustment in impaired 
analytical parameter values. The computer program showed as a useful tool 
for monitoring potential drug related problems that allows to optimize the 
quality of drug prescription among onco-hematological inpatients.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  computer program
  hospital patient
  oncology
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  physician
  prescription
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analytical parameters
  cancer chemotherapy
  cardiovascular system
  computerized provider order entry
  digestive system
  drug therapy
  hematology
  intoxication
  male
  metabolism
  monitoring
  observational study
  patient
  university hospital
  ward
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155210363062
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 577
TITLE
  Extinction with varenicline and nornicotine, but not ABT-418, weakens 
conditioned responding evoked by the interoceptive stimulus effects of 
nicotine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Reichel C.M.
  Murray J.E.
  Barr J.D.
  Bevins R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Reichel C.M.; Murray J.E.; Barr J.D.; Bevins R.A., rbevins1@unl.edu) 
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 
68588-0308, United States.
(Reichel C.M.) Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South 
Carolina, Charleston SC 29425, United States.
(Murray J.E.) Department of Experimental Psychology, University of 
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.A. Bevins, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 
Lincoln NE 68588-0308, United States. Email: rbevins1@unl.edu
SOURCE
  Neuropharmacology (2010) 58:8 (1237-1245). Date of Publication: June 2010
ISSN
  0028-3908
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  The interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine acquire control over 
behavior. This observation, among others, suggests that the stimulus effects 
of nicotine are important in the development and tenacity of tobacco 
dependence. Despite this importance, there has been little research 
examining whether non-reinforced presentations (extinction) of a ligand that 
share stimulus effects of nicotine will weaken responding controlled by 
nicotine. Rats were trained to discriminate nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) from saline 
using a discriminated goal-tracking task in which nicotine signaled 
intermittent access to sucrose; sucrose was withheld on saline sessions. 
Experiment 1 examined substitution for nicotine by ABT-418, nornicotine, 
epibatidine, varenicline, or cytisine in 4-min extinction tests. Experiments 
2-5 [low-dose nicotine (0.05 mg/kg), ABT-418, nornicotine, or varenicline, 
respectively] examined whether substitution for nicotine would persist if 
extinction tests were increased to 20 min and repeated daily for 6 days. 
Finally, generalization of this extinction back to the nicotine training 
stimulus was assessed. Full substitution in brief 4-min extinction tests was 
seen for ABT-418, nornicotine, epibatidine, varenicline, and cytisine. 
Low-dose nicotine, ABT-418, nornicotine, and varenicline, evoked only a 
partial 'nicotine-like' response in the first 20-min extinction test. With 
repeated extinction, only low-dose nicotine, nornicotine, and varenicline 
continued to substitute. Extinction with nornicotine and varenicline 
transferred back to nicotine as indicated by a partial conditioned response 
to the training stimulus. Interpretations regarding 'nicotine-like' effects 
of a ligand depend on the nature of the test. Understanding the processes 
mediating transfer of extinction learning with potential pharmacotherapies 
may reveal new treatment targets. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  3 methyl 5 (1 methyl 2 pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (drug comparison, 
pharmacology, subcutaneous drug administration)
  nicotine
  nornicotine (drug comparison, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
  varenicline (drug comparison, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cytisine (drug comparison, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug administration)
  epibatidine (drug comparison, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
  sodium chloride
  sucrose
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  discrimination learning
  evoked response
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal behavior
  animal experiment
  article
  controlled study
  discriminative stimulus
  drug dose comparison
  drug mechanism
  instrumental conditioning
  low drug dose
  male
  nicotine replacement therapy
  nonhuman
  priority journal
  rat
  stimulus response
  task performance
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  abt 418  , United StatesSigma Aldrich

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)Nida
   (United States)Pfizer
   (United States)Sigma Aldrich
   (United States)Tocris Cookson
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3 methyl 5 (1 methyl 2 pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (147402-53-7)
  cytisine (485-35-8)
  epibatidine (140111-52-0, 148152-66-3, 152378-30-8)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
  nornicotine (494-97-3)
  sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
  sucrose (122880-25-5, 57-50-1)
  varenicline (249296-44-4, 375815-87-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010302787
MEDLINE PMID
  20302882 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20302882)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.005
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 578
TITLE
  An update on sleep disorders and their treatment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sie M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sie M.) West London Mental Health Trust, St. Bernards Hospital, West London 
Mental Health NHS Trust, Southall, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Sie, West London Mental Health Trust, St. Bernards Hospital, West London 
Mental Health NHS Trust, Southall, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry (2010) 14:3 (9-20). Date of 
Publication: May/June 2010
ISSN
  1367-7543
  1931-227X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Over the past year, Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry has been running a 
series of articles on the major psychiatric drug groups, produced in 
association with the College of Mental Health Pharmacy. In the final article 
in the series, Michele Sie describes the main types of sleep disorder and 
their features, and provides an overview of their treatment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  chloral hydrate (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  chlordiazepoxide (drug therapy)
  clomethiazole (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, drug toxicity, 
pharmacokinetics)
  dexamphetamine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  diazepam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  dichloralphenazone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  dopamine receptor stimulating agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  flurazepam (drug therapy)
  loprazolam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  lorazepam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  lormetazepam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  melatonin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  methylphenidate (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  modafinil (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  nitrazepam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  oxazepam (drug therapy)
  oxybate sodium (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  prazosin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  promethazine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  reboxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  selegiline (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  temazepam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  triclofos (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
  venlafaxine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  zaleplon (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  zolpidem (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  zopiclone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  sleep disorder (drug therapy, side effect, drug therapy, side effect)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal distension (side effect)
  abdominal pain (side effect)
  abnormal thinking (side effect)
  aggression
  alopecia (side effect)
  anorexia (side effect)
  anxiety disorder (side effect)
  appetite
  arthralgia (side effect)
  asthenia (side effect)
  attention disturbance (side effect)
  backache (side effect)
  blood pressure
  blurred vision (side effect)
  catalepsy (drug therapy)
  clinical feature
  concentration loss (side effect)
  confusion (side effect)
  constipation (side effect)
  coughing (side effect)
  daytime somnolence (drug therapy)
  delirium (side effect)
  depersonalization (side effect)
  depression (side effect)
  diarrhea (side effect)
  disorientation (side effect)
  distress syndrome (side effect)
  dizziness (side effect)
  dream
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug dependence
  drug eruption (side effect)
  drug fever (side effect)
  drug half life
  drug induced headache (side effect)
  drug overdose
  drug tolerability
  dyskinesia (side effect)
  dyspepsia (side effect)
  dysphoria (side effect)
  edema (side effect)
  euphoria
  excitement
  eye disease (side effect)
  faintness (side effect)
  fatigue (side effect)
  flatulence (side effect)
  flu like syndrome (side effect)
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  growth retardation (side effect)
  hallucination (drug therapy, side effect)
  heart arrhythmia (side effect)
  heart palpitation (side effect)
  human
  hypersomnia (drug therapy, side effect)
  hypertension (side effect)
  hypesthesia (side effect)
  insomnia (drug therapy, side effect)
  irritability
  ketonuria (side effect)
  liver function test
  micturition disorder (side effect)
  motor dysfunction (side effect)
  mouth ulcer (side effect)
  muscle cramp (side effect)
  muscle rigidity (side effect)
  myalgia (side effect)
  narcolepsy (drug therapy)
  nausea (side effect)
  nausea and vomiting (side effect)
  nervousness
  nightmare (drug therapy, side effect)
  nocturnal enuresis (side effect)
  nonREM sleep
  nose obstruction (side effect)
  orthostatic hypotension (side effect)
  panic (side effect)
  parasomnia (drug therapy)
  paresthesia (side effect)
  patient care planning
  peripheral edema (side effect)
  pharyngitis (side effect)
  photoallergy (side effect)
  positive end expiratory pressure
  prescription
  priority journal
  pruritus (side effect)
  psychomotor disorder (side effect)
  psychosis (side effect)
  respiration depression (side effect)
  restless legs syndrome (drug therapy)
  restlessness (side effect)
  retching (side effect)
  review
  seizure (side effect)
  side effect (side effect)
  skin irritation (side effect)
  sleep disordered breathing (therapy)
  sleep walking (drug therapy)
  somnolence (side effect)
  stomach irritation (side effect)
  sweating
  tachycardia (side effect)
  taste disorder (side effect)
  thorax pain (side effect)
  tic (side effect)
  treatment indication
  tremor (side effect)
  urine incontinence (side effect)
  urine retention (side effect)
  vasodilatation
  vertigo (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
  weakness (side effect)
  weight gain
  weight reduction
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
  xerostomia (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  circadin
  heminevrin
  phenergan
  sonata
  welldorm
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  chloral hydrate (302-17-0)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  clomethiazole (1867-58-9, 533-45-9)
  dexamphetamine (1462-73-3, 51-63-8, 51-64-9)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  dichloralphenazone (480-30-8)
  flurazepam (1172-18-5, 17617-23-1)
  loprazolam (61197-73-7)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  lormetazepam (848-75-9)
  melatonin (73-31-4)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  modafinil (68693-11-8)
  nitrazepam (146-22-5)
  oxazepam (604-75-1)
  oxybate sodium (502-85-2)
  prazosin (19216-56-9, 19237-84-4)
  promethazine (58-33-3, 60-87-7)
  reboxetine (98769-81-4, 98769-84-7)
  selegiline (14611-51-9, 14611-52-0, 2079-54-1, 2323-36-6)
  temazepam (846-50-4)
  triclofos (306-52-5, 7246-20-0)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
  zaleplon (151319-34-5)
  zolpidem (82626-48-0)
  zopiclone (43200-80-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis (15)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010380873
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pnp.162
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 579
TITLE
  Tobacco control
AUTHOR NAMES
  Whittaker C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Whittaker C.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Whittaker,
SOURCE
  SA Pharmaceutical Journal (2010) 77:4 (34-36+55). Date of Publication: May 
2010
ISSN
  1015-1362
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Medpharm Publications, PO Box 14804, Lyttelton, Gauteng, South Africa.
ABSTRACT
  Smoking is a global epidemic. Every eight seconds a person dies of 
tobacco-related disease, and almost as quickly another smoker is recruited. 
Encouragingly, South Africa is at the forefront of legislation to control 
tobacco use and in this article we review the recent changes in our Tobacco 
Control Products Act. In addition to legislation, we as pharmacists need to 
educate people about the dangers of smoking and need to offer help to those 
who want to quit. We can provide encouragement; give practical tips and make 
recommendations regarding nicotine replacement therapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, sublingual drug 
administration)
  nicotine gum (drug concentration, drug therapy, transdermal drug 
administration)
  nicotine patch (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  quit
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy, drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  dizziness (side effect)
  drug blood level
  drug induced headache (side effect)
  drug withdrawal
  eye irritation (side effect)
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  human
  law
  nicotine replacement therapy
  nose irritation (side effect)
  recommended drug dose
  review
  risk factor
  skin irritation (side effect)
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  South Africa
  throat irritation (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  nicorette
  quit
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  nicotine (54-11-5)
  nicotine gum (96055-45-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010297560
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 580
TITLE
  The prediction of addiction risk in student pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Norton M.
  Jain R.
  Tackett R.
  Tomko J.R.
  Pfalzgraf A.
  Kennedy K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Norton M.; Jain R.; Tackett R.) Department of Clinical and Administrative 
Pharmacy, University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, United States.
(Tomko J.R.; Pfalzgraf A.) Clinical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, 
Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, United States.
(Kennedy K.) Mercer University, School of Medicine, Savannah, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Norton, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of 
Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (175). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: No one has ever studied the 
addiction predictability in student pharmacists who represent a high risk 
population for substance abuse and dependence. Recent studies indicate that 
12-15% of student pharmacists develop an addiction in their professional 
careers. Addiction predictability is the statistical estimation of an 
individual developing an alcohol or drug addiction within their lifetime. It 
is a risk ratio calculation based on various factors that have been 
identified to contribute to one developing alcoholism or a drug addiction in 
their lifetime. Student pharmacists present as a potential high risk group 
of healthcare professionals to develop an addiction within their 
professional careers. Recent studies have indicated that student pharmacists 
have the following high risk factors that may contribute to potential 
addiction: a) age of first use, b) high achievement dependence, c) 
trauma/stressful life events, d) genetics, e) perfectionist traits, f) 
protective factors, g) negative proscriptions. Objectives: This research 
project will develop The Student Pharmacist Addiction Predictability Scale 
(SPAPS) that could be used as a prevention/ early intervention instrument 
for the student pharmacist group. Methods: Participants will be student 
pharmacists currently enrolled at the University of Georgia College of 
Pharmacy. This study has been approved by the University of Georgia IRB. 
Other colleges of pharmacy will be included as the SPAPS is approved. 
Demographic variables, age of first use data, trauma histories, 
perfectionism trait scores, family history data, high achievement 
dependence, protective factors, and negative proscriptions will be 
collected. This data will be analyzed using SPSS and other statistical 
measures to determine prevalence and relative risk. Our data will be 
compared to other epidemiological studies from the National Institute of 
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the National Institute of Drug 
Abuse (NIDA). Outcomes: We will report the preliminary prevalence and 
relative risk data of a class of student pharmacists as compared to the 
general population in the US. This information will serve as pilot data as 
we expand the study to include 1000 student pharmacists.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  college
  pharmacist
  prediction
  risk
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  achievement
  alcohol abuse
  alcoholism
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  early intervention
  family history
  genetics
  health care personnel
  high risk population
  injury
  life event
  lifespan
  pharmacy
  population
  prevalence
  risk factor
  substance abuse
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 581
TITLE
  Prevalence of alcohol abuse and consumption among pharmacy students at four 
us schools of pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  English C.
  Schlesselman L.
  Rey J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (English C.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern University, 
Fort Lauderdale, United States.
(Schlesselman L.) Office of Assessment and Accreditation, University of 
Connecticut, Storrs, United States.
(Rey J.A.) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern 
University, Fort Lauderdale, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. English, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern University, 
Fort Lauderdale, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (158). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Original Research. Background: According to the National 
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Addiction, alcohol consumption and abuse by 
college students continues to increase. Although pharmacy schools aim at 
enrolling the most-qualified professional candidates; many schools of 
pharmacy reside on undergraduate college campuses, which could affect the 
dynamics of alcohol consumption among professional students. Studies 
regarding alcohol consumption among pharmacy students have been completed in 
the past, however, the majority of the studies focus on individual school 
patterns or they are currently outdated. Due to the impact alcohol can have 
on work performance, knowledge of alcohol consumption and abuse among 
pharmacy students could help expand efforts to combat alcoholism prior to 
entering the professional workforce. Objectives: 1) Determine the percentage 
of students who have problems related to alcohol consumption. 2) Identify 
specific subgroups of pharmacy students that are at risk for developing 
alcoholrelated problems Methods: A 32-item questionnaire was offered to all 
pharmacy classes at four schools of pharmacy across the United States. 
Students over the age of 18 who were currently enrolled in a school of 
pharmacy could participate. The questionnaire consisted of demographic 
information and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). 
Questions regarding alcohol-induced behaviors were also included. AUDIT 
scores were calculated for each student, with a score of 8 or higher 
indicative of alcohol-related problems. Scores between 16-19 represent a 
high degree of alcohol problems and a score >19 clearly indicates the need 
for intervention. Results: A total of 748 students participated in the 
study. Of the pharmacy students surveyed, 87.9% currently consume alcohol. 
Results from the AUDIT questionnaire revealed that 25.8% of students 
surveyed scored 8 or higher on the AUDIT, whereas 5.2% and 2% of students 
scored between 16-19 and >19, respectively. AUDIT scores were statistically 
different among groups in regards to gender, prior education, and marital 
status (P < 0.01). Grade point average was not indicative of alcohol abuse. 
Conclusion: These results indicate that one-fourth of pharmacy students 
surveyed have markers of dangerous and harmful alcohol use. Due to these 
findings, additional interventions (e.g., educational programs, behavioral 
counseling, etc.) are recommended to curtail consumption.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  marker
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol abuse
  college
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  prevalence
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  addiction
  alcohol consumption
  alcoholism
  college student
  counseling
  dynamics
  education
  gender
  job performance
  marriage
  questionnaire
  risk
  student
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 582
TITLE
  Pharmacist-enhanced medication reconciliation services at an outpatient 
addiction medicine clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chan T.
  Sproule B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chan T.; Sproule B.) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, 
Canada.
(Chan T.; Sproule B.) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada.
(Sproule B.) Dept of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Chan, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (179). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Innovative Practices. Background: Patients in treatment for 
substance dependence who are taking multiple medications from multiple 
providers are at risk for drug therapy problems. Medication reconciliation, 
the process of obtaining a complete and accurate list of a patient's current 
home medications, may enhance patient safety. Although there are no 
published studies on medication reconciliation in an outpatient addictions 
setting, opportunities exist for pharmacists to provide services in this 
setting. Description of Innovative Service: This project took place at the 
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health's outpatient Addiction Medicine 
Clinic in Toronto, Canada. A pharmacist was embedded in the clinic for one 
month to conduct medication histories with patients, identify drug therapy 
problems, and report findings to the clinic team. The pharmacist and clinic 
team targeted patients who would likely benefit from the service and 
patients must have been currently taking a medication prescribed at the 
clinic to be included. A retrospective review of the patient health record 
for medication documentation in the past 6 months was also completed. 
Discrepancies were defined as any omissions or errors in documentation of 
drug, dose, or frequency when comparing the medication list the pharmacist 
obtained to the medication list on the patient health record (if present). 
Four independent clinicians (physician, nurse and 2 pharmacists) assessed 
the potential impact of the discrepancies identified. Impact on Practice: 
Thirty-two patients were interviewed by the pharmacist. These patients were 
taking a mean of 7 + 4 medications in addition to their clinic-prescribed 
medications. The pharmacist identified 34 discrepancy-related drug therapy 
problems in 21 patients. The drug therapy problems were either actual or 
potential drug interactions (73%) or adverse drug reactions (24%). 
Clinicians classified the drug therapy problems as causing minimal (28.6%), 
moderate (38.1%), or severe (33.3%) patient discomfort or clinical 
deterioration. Conclusion: Patients attending specialty clinics are at risk 
of drug therapy problems related to medication record discrepancies. From 
the experience of this project, it has been identified that a formal 
medication reconciliation process is needed in this specialty ambulatory 
setting, a potentially valuable role for psychiatric pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  college
  hospital
  medication therapy management
  outpatient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  Canada
  deterioration
  documentation
  drug dose
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  health
  mental health
  nurse
  patient
  patient safety
  physician
  risk
  substance abuse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 583
TITLE
  Pilot study of cue induced targeting of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 
(TMS) in nicotine addiction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Boggs D.L.
  Gorelick D.A.
  Wittenberg G.F.
  Kelly D.L.
  Marshall V.H.
  Holcomb H.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Boggs D.L.; Wittenberg G.F.; Kelly D.L.; Marshall V.H.; Holcomb H.H.) 
University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
(Boggs D.L.; Kelly D.L.; Marshall V.H.; Holcomb H.H.) Maryland Psychiatric 
Research Center, Catonsville, United States.
(Gorelick D.A.) Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug 
Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, United States.
(Wittenberg G.F.) Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GRCC, Baltimore, United 
States.
(Holcomb H.H.) Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.L. Boggs, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (172-173). Date of Publication: 
April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: Transcranial magnetic 
stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive tool for modulating brain neuronal 
activity. High frequency stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
(DLPFC) using repetitive TMS (rTMS) is believed to have a modulatory effect 
on the mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopaminergic systems, areas associated 
with reward and desire. These pathways are heavily implicated in 
neurobiological mechanisms of drug addiction. Treatment for nicotine 
addiction is often unsatisfactory and characterized by high rates of 
relapse. Cue induced craving (CIC) is a significant factor in relapse to 
substance use during abstinence. In this study, we will use single-pulse TMS 
(spTMS) to disrupt CIC by stimulating a cortical brain region enhanced by 
nicotine cues as assessed by fMRI Objectives: 1) Evaluate the efficacy and 
safety of spTMS for reducing cue-induced nicotine craving. 2) Identify the 
brain regions associated with cue-induced craving for nicotine using fMRI. 
3) Evaluate if spTMS sessions change the regional brain response to 
nicotineassociated cues using fMRI. 4) Evaluate if disruption of cue-induced 
nicotine craving by spTMS is associated with decreased nicotine use. 
Methods: A 3-week, double-blind, pilot study to test whether 5 days of 
treatment with spTMS, delivered in association with nicotineassociated 
visual cues, reduces nicotine craving in healthy nicotinedependent 
individuals. Subjects will be randomly assigned to receive active spTMS (n = 
15) or sham stimulation (n = 15) for 5 days, followed by 2 weeks of weekly 
follow-up visits. Subjects will participate in MRI scanning before the first 
and after the last spTMS sessions. fMRI data will be acquired to determine 
the optimal location for spTMS pulse delivery. During each fMRI session, 
participants will be exposed to neutral, positive non-drug, and 
nicotine-associated cues. The second fMRI will evaluate whether spTMS has 
altered the regional brain response to nicotine-cue-induced craving. 
Outcomes: We will report subject demographic characteristics, previous 
substance use, changes in regional brain activation (by fMRI), salivary 
cotinine, expired breath CO, self-reported craving for nicotine, and 
self-reported use of nicotine.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cotinine
  nicotine
  nitrogen 15
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  pharmacist
  pilot study
  tobacco dependence
  transcranial magnetic stimulation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  association
  brain
  brain region
  breathing
  demography
  dopaminergic system
  drug dependence
  follow up
  functional magnetic resonance imaging
  nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
  prefrontal cortex
  pulse rate
  relapse
  reward
  safety
  stimulation
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 584
TITLE
  Student perceptions on the use of blackboard to deliver course materials in 
a psychiatric pharmacy elective
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brahm N.C.
  Davis T.S.
  Richard M.D.
  Stilwell E.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brahm N.C.; Davis T.S.; Richard M.D.; Stilwell E.N.) University of Oklahoma 
College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice: Clinical and 
Administrative Services, Schusterman Campus, Tulsa, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.C. Brahm, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of 
Pharmacy Practice: Clinical and Administrative Services, Schusterman Campus, 
Tulsa, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (159). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Original Research. Background: The extent to which the 
availability of psychiatric pharmacy education in colleges and schools of 
pharmacy curriculum is addressed was evaluated by Cates and colleagues using 
a mailed survey instrument to these institutions. In 2007, there were 91 
potential responders. Information was received from 49 of 91 colleges or 
schools (a 54% return). Twenty-six colleges and schools (53%) considered 
psychiatric pharmacy a curriculum content focus although only about 
one-fourth of the institutions offered elective didactic courses in 
psychiatric pharmacy. With regards to substance-related disorders, 
approximately 20% of the institutions did not cover this topic in clinical 
therapeutics courses. If included, the amount of instruction clinical 
therapeutics courses averaged about 3 hours. Objective: To determine the 
value of using online learning via Blackboard in the professional program in 
pharmacy as perceived by the student stakeholders in a psychiatric pharmacy 
elective. Methods: Students enrolled in the Psychoactive Substances elective 
course participated in a focus group session. Students were asked a series 
of open-ended questions. The responses were recorded in writing for 
qualitative analysis by the researchers. Results: All students (17) 
participated in the focus group. When asked about some of their thoughts 
regarding the online learning experience, 100% requested additional courses. 
Satisfaction with the course was rated good or excellent by 100%. Feedback 
regarding changes for the course included the addition of a midterm 
examination and more peer-to-peer learning opportunities. Students were 
satisfied with the instructor use of Blackboard (100%). Conclusions: Student 
feedback was positive. They expressed satisfaction with the course, delivery 
style, (e.g.,movies, websites, peer-to-peer discussions), information 
covered, and learning experience. They requested additional courses with 
this format, offered suggestions for future courses, and requested the 
addition of a midterm examination.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  audiovisual equipment
  curriculum
  education
  examination
  feedback system
  information processing
  learning
  qualitative analysis
  satisfaction
  school
  therapy
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 585
TITLE
  Implementation and outcomes of a pharmacy managed clinic for veterans in a 
substance abuse residential rehabilitation treatment program
AUTHOR NAMES
  McNeil J.
  Johnson C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McNeil J.; Johnson C.) William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. McNeil, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (169-170). Date of Publication: 
April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: The purpose of this study is to 
evaluate the impact of a newly implemented pharmacy managed service in the 
Addictive Disorders Treatment Program (ADTP) at the William S. Middleton 
Veterans Medical Center. ADTP provides services to patients suffering from a 
variety of addictive disorders. One treatment option available is the 
Substance Abuse Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program (SARRTP.) 
Patients receiving residential treatment may have a lapse in primary care 
services if their primary care provider is based out of a different 
facility. This often results in undesirable outcomes including unnecessary 
emergency department (ED) visits or unaddressed medical needs. Additionally, 
these patients have often made significant lifestyle modifications including 
alcohol/drug cessation and dietary changes that can have a major impact on 
their chronic medical conditions. A pharmacy managed clinic was created for 
these patients to address medical issues as appropriate within the scope of 
the pharmacist. Objectives: 1) Describe the need for a pharmacy-managed 
clinic to provide services to patients undergoing residential treatment for 
substance abuse. 2) Identify interventions that can be made by a pharmacist 
in a medication management clinic. 3) Recognize potential cost-savings and 
benefits of a pharmacy-managed clinic for patients undergoing residential 
substance abuse treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review will be 
performed using the Computerized Patient Record System to assess outcomes of 
a newly implemented pharmacy managed clinic for SARRTP patients. 
Institutional review board approval will be obtained prior to data 
collection. Outcomes assessed will include number and purpose of ED visits 
as well as number and type of pharmacist interventions. A list will be 
generated of ED visits forSARRTP patients for a six month period prior to 
the start of the pharmacy managed clinic and for a six month period 
following the initiation of the clinic. Differences in the number and 
purpose of ED visits between the two time periods will be compared. A chart 
review will be performed for all patients in residential treatment who 
received care from the pharmacy managed clinic. Number and type of 
pharmacist interventions will be assessed. Outcomes/Conclusions: Pending.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  hospital
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  rehabilitation
  substance abuse
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cost control
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  emergency ward
  information processing
  institutional review
  lifestyle modification
  medical record review
  patient
  primary medical care
  residential care
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 586
TITLE
  Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practice of pharmacists regarding 
counseling of chemical dependent patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tomko J.R.
  Giannetti V.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tomko J.R.; Giannetti V.J.) Duquesne University Mylan, School of Pharmacy, 
Division of Clinical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.R. Tomko, Duquesne University Mylan, School of Pharmacy, Division of 
Clinical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (157). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Original Research. Background: With the availability of 
medications to treat chemical dependency in the ambulatory and community 
setting, such as buprenorphine, pharmacists are increasingly involved in 
delivering pharmacy services to chemically dependent populations. The 
objectives of this study were to assess the attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, 
and practice of pharmacists regarding the delivery of pharmacy services to 
drug dependent patients. In addition, the study sought to assess what 
factors predicted counseling of drug dependent patients by pharmacists. 
Methods: A questionnaire to assess attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, and 
practices of pharmacist regarding chemically dependent patients was 
developed. The knowledge section of the questionnaire did not focus 
specifically upon medication but attempted to assess the pharmacist's 
understanding of the overall treatment and disease state management of 
addictive disorders. Statements had a factual basis, and response confidence 
was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was pre-tested upon 
eight pharmacists who were not included in the study and was revised based 
upon comments to improve clarity of the items. A random sample of 1000 
Pennsylvania pharmacists taken from a list obtained from the Pennsylvania 
State Board of Pharmacy yielded a response rate of 11%. Results: Respondent 
mean score for knowledge was 38.5% correct. The response “do not know” was 
counted as incorrect. Of incorrect responses, 48.1% endorsed “do not know” 
as a response. Knowledge of chemical dependency treatment, frequency of 
dispensing of medications to treat chemical dependency, lack of negative 
attitudes toward chemical dependent patients, years in practice, and 
confidence in counseling patients were utilized in a regression analysis to 
predict both the practice of and confidence in counseling. Lack of negative 
attitudes (r = ≥0.7; P = 0.006), knowledge of chemical dependency treatment 
(r = 0.22; P = 0.02), and frequency of dispensing medications to treat 
addictions (r = 0.22; P = 0.01) were factors that predicted pharmacist 
confidence in counseling chemically dependent patients. Only years in 
practice predicted pharmacist disease state management services to 
opioid-dependent patients (r = 0.297; P = 0.003). Conclusions: There is a 
need for more education of pharmacists in chemical dependency. However the 
most effective forms of education for chemical dependency appear to be 
actual experience with chemically dependent patents.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  counseling
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  community
  drug therapy
  education
  hospital department
  patent
  pharmacy
  population
  questionnaire
  random sample
  regression analysis
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 587
TITLE
  A pilot study on the side effect burden of ADD/ADHD treatment. Child vs. 
parent perspective
AUTHOR NAMES
  Clemetson R.K.
  Rey J.A.
  Reitman D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Clemetson R.K.; Rey J.A.) College of Pharmacy, Southeastern University, 
Fort Lauderdale, United States.
(Reitman D.) Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, 
Fort Lauderdale, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.K. Clemetson, College of Pharmacy, Southeastern University, Fort 
Lauderdale, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (164). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: Attention deficit disorder/ 
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD) occur in approximately 
3%-7% of the childhood population and approximately 2%-5% of the adult 
population in the US. Among children the gender ratio is approximately 3:1, 
with boys more likely to have the disorder than girls. Medications for 
ADD/ADHD help many children focus and be more successful at school, home, 
and play. Addressing side effects may actually help prevent negative future 
outcomes (e.g., addictions and other emotional problems later in life.) 
Parents often make the decisions regarding their child's treatment. This is 
based on their observations/experiences with the stimulant medication and 
possibly what the children report. The issue is how to strike a balance. 
This pilot study will explore the impact of the side effect burden of 
medications used to treat ADD/ADHD and what methods are used to address this 
issue. Objectives: 1) Identify the differences in perceived side effects of 
ADD/ADHD treatment. 2) Consolidate coping strategies that parents and 
children use to overcome these side effects. 3) Assess if this assessment 
tool can be implemented and utilized in a larger population. Methods: 
Subjects will be recruited from patients attending clinic for evaluation and 
or treatment from the specialty clinics at the Center for Psychological 
Studies, Nova Southeastern University. Subject pairs will be chosen from 
patients who are diagnosed and treated for ADD/ADHD. Questionnaires will 
capture demographics, side effects and severity, and strategies, if any, for 
overcoming the side effect burden. The results will be summarized and 
subjected to statistical analysis. Central tendency statistics and t-test 
will be used to assess significance of the data. Outcomes: Investigators 
will report the side effect burden as it is perceived by both parties and 
compare this to the demographic characteristics, education level, and length 
of therapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  central stimulant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  child
  college
  parent
  pharmacist
  pilot study
  side effect
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  adult
  attention deficit disorder
  boy
  childhood
  coping behavior
  demography
  drug therapy
  education
  gender
  girl
  hospital
  patient
  population
  questionnaire
  school
  statistical analysis
  statistics
  Student t test
  treatment duration
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 588
TITLE
  Long-term smoking cessation outcomes in a veteran population
AUTHOR NAMES
  Smith L.
  Hawley J.
  Vest B.
  Wood R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Smith L.; Hawley J.; Vest B.; Wood R.) Salem Veterans Affairs Medical 
Center (VAMC), Salem, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Smith, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Salem, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (170). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: Smoking is an addictive habit 
that can be detrimental to patients' health. About 20.9% of the American 
population smokes and almost 4000 children and adolescents become addicted 
to nicotine products daily. When a person becomes addicted to nicotine it is 
common for a person to try and quit 3 to 4 times before being successful. 
There are many first line agents used by practitioners and patients for 
smoking cessation such as nicotine replacement (patch, gum, and lozenge), 
bupropion tablets, and varenicline tablets to treat tobacco use disorders. 
Recently, there have been new scientific findings that led to a change in 
smoking cessation recommendations from the Surgeon General. The US 
Department of Health and Human Services released updated recommendations 
that state NRT used for a period of >14 weeks is highly effective. 
Additionally, the update includes counseling and behavioral modifications 
that should be used in smoking cessation. This study will evaluate the 
clinical outcome of long-term therapy options by comparing three different 
interventions for smoking cessation in the veteran population. Objectives: 
To evaluate various treatment interventions in a veteran population. 
Methods: This is an open study of patients who attend Salem Veterans Affairs 
Medical Center smoking cessation clinic between October 2009 and February 
2010 who accept participation in the survey study. Patients included in the 
survey study will be treated with one of the following regimens: varenicline 
for 12 weeks, nicotine replacement combination for 18 weeks, or nicotine 
replacement combination bupropion for 18 weeks. Subjects will be contacted 
and monitored monthly with phone visits to complete followup surveys for a 
period of 18 weeks. The primary outcome of the study is abstinence from 
smoking versus continued smoking and will be analyzed using chi square test 
with a Bonferoni correction. Additionally the study will assess stressors 
and early stoppage of treatment as secondary parameters. Outcomes: We will 
report the percent of participants within each treatment group that were 
successful with smoking cessation at 18 weeks. We will also report any 
stressors that were found in the veteran population that contributed to the 
difficulty of smoking cessation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone
  nicotine
  varenicline
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  pharmacist
  population
  smoking cessation
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  adolescent
  chi square test
  child
  counseling
  follow up
  habit
  health
  hospital
  human
  long term care
  lozenge
  open study
  patient
  physician
  smoke
  smoking
  surgeon
  tablet
  tobacco dependence
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 589
TITLE
  Psychiatric pharmacy practice in the corrections setting
AUTHOR NAMES
  McKee J.
  Armstead L.
  Chin T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McKee J.; Armstead L.; Chin T.) University of Texas, Medical Branch 
Correctional Managed Care, Huntsville, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. McKee, University of Texas, Medical Branch Correctional Managed Care, 
Huntsville, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (179). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Innovative Practices. Background: A number of legal, social, 
and political factors have precipitated the current epidemic of mental 
health issues in the corrections setting, as persons with severe and 
persistent mental illness are increasingly being shifted from the state 
hospital setting to corrections, often referred to as the “criminalization 
of mental illness.” Description of Practice: There are a variety of setting 
specific issues which must be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of 
mental illness. Further, there is substantive data correlating major 
psychopathology with an increased re-incarceration risk, making it 
imperative that mental illness is diagnosed and treated appropriately. 
Impact on Patient Care: Special patient care considerations unique to the 
correctional setting include substance abuse of commonly used 
psychotherapeutic agents, potential for malingering, suicide screening and 
surveillance, and the consideration of effect on heat tolerance and 
environmental issues introduced by psychoactive medication use. The Pharmacy 
and Therapeutics Committee utilizes treatment algorithms called disease 
management guidelines (DMGs) and formulary management to guide prescriptive 
practices to most effectively utilize limited resources. Within the Texas 
Department of Criminal Justice DMG and medication access construct, the 
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee and Psychiatric Subcommittee uses 
evidence based practices to support the DMG development process. There is an 
expedited nonformulary review and appeal process for specific cases where 
the treatment algorithm is not felt to be suitable for a specific patient's 
needs. The role of psychiatric pharmacist in this practice is in guiding the 
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in areas of formulary and DMG 
development, clinical staff education, case specific consultative 
evaluations, and in managing a direct patient care clinic. Conclusions: The 
psychiatric clinical pharmacist has a significant impact on resource 
utilization to improve access to care for all, impact on individual cases 
via consultation, education-shaping prescriptive practices via DMG 
development. There are a number of medications with known risk for abuse in 
corrections, including quetiapine, clonidine, bupropion, and 
anticholinergics (benztropine, trihexyphenidyl) further making the expertise 
of the psychiatric clinical pharmacist an integral part of the mental 
healthcare team.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone
  benzatropine
  cholinergic receptor blocking agent
  clonidine
  quetiapine
  trihexyphenidyl
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  algorithm
  consultation
  criminal justice
  diagnosis
  disease management
  drug therapy
  education
  epidemic
  evidence based practice
  health care
  heat tolerance
  hospital
  malingering
  mental disease
  mental health
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy and therapeutics committee
  politics
  publication
  risk
  screening
  staff training
  substance abuse
  suicide
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 590
TITLE
  Notifications of addictovigilance from the college of pharmacists' council
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gerardin M.
  Cozian G.
  Victorri-Vigneau C.
  Jolliet P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gerardin M.; Cozian G.; Victorri-Vigneau C.; Jolliet P.) Service de 
Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Nantes, France.
(Victorri-Vigneau C.; Jolliet P.) EA4275 Biostatistiques, Recherche 
Clinique, Mesures Subjectives en Santé, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Gerardin, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Nantes, France.
SOURCE
  Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology (2010) 24 SUPPL. 1 (96). Date of 
Publication: April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  14th Annual Meeting of the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 
the 77th Annual Meeting of the Society of Physiology, the 31st 
Pharmacovigilance Meeting, the 11th APNET Seminar and the 8th CHU CIC 
Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Bordeaux, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-23 to 2010-03-25
ISSN
  0767-3981
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Background: In France, pharmacists can report events related to drugs' 
misuse to the College of Pharmacists' Council. The regional Council 
disseminates the information to all pharmacists in the administration area. 
In the Pays de la Loire area, these local alerts are also transmitted to the 
Center for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependance (CEIP) of 
Nantes, who registers these reports. Objectives: We propose here to analyse 
the data collected via this system. Methods: All the notifications from the 
Council of pharmacists received by the Center for Evaluation and Information 
on Pharmacodependance of Nantes have been analysed. Data were available from 
2005 to 2009. Results: More than 350 reports have been registered from 2005 
to the end of 2009. Nearly 70% concerned the department of Loire-Atlantique, 
10% concerned Vendée, 10% Maine et Loire, 6% Sarthe and 4% Mayenne. The 
total number of statements varies from 50 to 100 per year. The purpose of 
these notices is (in descending order of frequency): prescription's 
falsification, professional card's theft, prescription's theft, medical or 
pharmaceutical nomadism, professional stamp's theft, computer's theft, 
abusive self prescriptions from a doctor. Considering the evolution between 
2005 and 2009, following trends are observed: Prescription's falsifications 
and thefts (all combined) increased whereas the nomadism decreased. In more 
than 200 cases, drugs are specified. Benzodiazepines are the most frequently 
cited, followed by opiates, antidepressants and neuroleptics. Conclusion: 
These results are representative of the ways used by patients to circumvent 
the law in order to get drugs. Concerning the drugs cited on the 
prescriptions, our results are consistent with those of other surveys. These 
partnership between the CEIP of Nantes and the regional College of 
Pharmacists'Council is original and has not been established in all French 
CEIP. It provides a rich compendium of information for evaluation in 
addictovigilance.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
  benzodiazepine derivative
  neuroleptic agent
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug surveillance program
  pharmacist
  pharmacology
  physiology
  society
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  computer
  France
  patient
  physician
  prescription
  register
  theft
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00819.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 591
TITLE
  Assessing the need for patient education in liver transplant patients using 
psychiatric medications
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wackernah R.C.
  Knox E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wackernah R.C.; Knox E.) University of Southern, California University 
Hospital, Los Angeles, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.C. Wackernah, University of Southern, California University Hospital, Los 
Angeles, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (165). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: Transplant patients can have co 
morbid psychiatric conditions, previous substance abuse history and 
immunosuppressive regimens that can lead to alterations in mood. The 
prevalence of severe post transplant depression has been reported as 14%. 
Moderate post transplant anxiety has been reported as 16%. Patients may not 
receive complete education regarding their psychiatric medication due to the 
complex immunosuppressive regimens they are required to adhere to. Patient 
knowledge has been shown to lack in medication regimens associated with 
chronic disease states and is often linked to poor adherence. It is 
hypothesized that liver transplant patients will not fully understand the 
purpose of their psychiatric medications, and by identifying this lack of 
knowledge, a need for additional education can be assessed. Objectives: 
Primary outcome is to determine the patient's understanding of psychiatric 
medications regarding their need for the medication and side effects. 
Secondary outcomes will seek to find correlations with the need for 
knowledge and age or sex of patient, timing of transplant in comparison to 
initiation of psychiatric treatment, and the specialty of the physician who 
initially prescribed the psychiatric medication. Methods: Descriptive study 
to survey adult liver transplant patients on psychiatric medications 
(antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic, mood-stabilizer) who present to 
an out-patient post transplant clinic. Goal sample size is 75. Medication 
reconciliation forms will be used to screen for psychiatric medications. 
Survey will take less than five minutes. Age and sex of the patient will be 
collected. Patients will be asked if they understand the therapeutic and 
side effects of their medications, questions that relate to the timing of 
the start of their regimens, and if they are interested in learning more. 
Outcomes: The percentages of patients who do not know the psychiatric 
medication's indication and side effects will be reported separately. The 
percentage will be compared against the patient's age and sex. Timing of 
psychiatric treatment compared to transplant and specialty of prescribing 
physician will also be reported. The information gathered will be used to 
evaluate the need for a psychiatric pharmacist to help educate transplant 
patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
  mood stabilizer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug therapy
  liver graft
  patient
  patient education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  anxiety
  chronic disease
  education
  hospital
  learning
  medication therapy management
  mood
  outpatient
  physician
  prevalence
  psychiatric treatment
  sample size
  side effect
  substance abuse
  transplantation
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 592
TITLE
  Potential modafinil abuse in a 46-year-old male
AUTHOR NAMES
  Price P.L.
  Fagan N.L.
  Malesker M.A.
  Hsieh H.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Price P.L.; Fagan N.L.; Malesker M.A.; Hsieh H.T.) Creighton University, 
School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, United States.
(Price P.L.; Fagan N.L.; Hsieh H.T.) Alegent Health, Immanuel Medical 
Center, Omaha, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.L. Price, Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, 
Omaha, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (186). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Therapeutic Case Report. Background: Medications that 
increase dopamine in the accumbens area of the brain are known to have the 
potential for abuse, and with this understanding, the dependence and abuse 
of the product needs to be brought to the attention of healthcare 
practitioners. Case Report: A 46-year-old male patient admitted from an 
outpatient clinic presented with grandiose and delusional thinking that he 
possessed the explanation of time. He discontinued his antipsychotic 
medication earlier in the week since it caused his crazy thinking. He 
reported not sleeping for three days prior to admission, and that he had 
increased productivity. His diagnosis was bipolar affective disorder with 
psychotic features. Laboratory values were within normal limits. Home 
medications upon admission included aspirin, paliperidone, escitalopram, 
pantoprazole, topiramate, diazepam, bupropion, and simvastatin. He had an 
extensive prior history of substance abuse including alcohol, lorazepam, 
speed, marijuana, LSD, methamphetamines, cocaine, and most recently 
modafinil. He reported that he used as much modafinil that he could get his 
hands on in a day. He reported being very productive when on this medication 
and feeling euphoric. He also reported during this hospitalization that when 
discharged if he could get modafinil he would take it. His original exposure 
to the modafinil is unknown. It was unclear during this admission as to how 
recently he had been abusing modafinil or if it contributed to this 
admission, but apparently he had used it within the last few weeks. He was 
discharged after a 15-day stay on the following medications; pantoprazole, 
simvastatin, aspirin, topiramate, alprazolam, aripiprazole, clopidogrel, 
divalproex sodium extended release, docusate sodium, and fenofibrate. Review 
of Literature: A recent report by Volkow and colleagues of the effects of 
modafinil on dopamine and dopamine transporters in the human brain has been 
published. This pilot study found that modafinil increased dopamine in the 
nucleus accumbens area of the brain. Drugs that increase dopamine in this 
area may have the potential for abuse. Conclusion: This case supports the 
potential for modafinil's dependence and abuse. Prescribers need to be aware 
of this potential when considering modafinil as a treatment option for 
various disease states.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  modafinil
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid
  alcohol
  alprazolam
  amfebutamone
  aripiprazole
  cannabis
  clopidogrel
  cocaine
  diazepam
  docusate sodium
  dopamine
  dopamine transporter
  escitalopram
  fenofibrate
  lorazepam
  lysergide
  methamphetamine
  paliperidone
  pantoprazole
  simvastatin
  topiramate
  valproate semisodium
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  college
  male
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  bipolar disorder
  brain
  case report
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  exposure
  health care personnel
  hospitalization
  human
  laboratory
  nucleus accumbens
  outpatient department
  patient
  pilot study
  productivity
  psychosis
  sleep
  substance abuse
  velocity
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 593
TITLE
  Acute dystonia associated with paliperidone in a multi-drug overdose
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cunningham J.L.
  Lapid M.I.
  Hugo Z.
  Kung S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cunningham J.L.) Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 
Rochester, United States.
(Lapid M.I.; Hugo Z.; Kung S.) Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, 
Rochester, United States.
(Lapid M.I.; Kung S.) Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.L. Cunningham, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 
Rochester, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (182-183). Date of Publication: 
April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Therapeutic Case Report. Background: Paliperidone, a 
benzisoxazole derivative, is the major active metabolite of risperidone. It 
is approved for the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and 
schizoaffective disorder. We report a multi-drug overdose case resulting in 
a significant adverse drug reaction. Patient History: A 22-year-old male 
with a history of bipolar disorder, ADHD, polysubstance dependence 
(amphetamine, benzodiazepine, marijuana, and alcohol), and dependent 
personality traits, was admitted to the intensive care unit after a 
multidrug ingestion with 42 mg of paliperidone, 7500 mg bupropion, 750 mg 
sertraline, and 3 mg lorazepam. A urine drug abuse survey was positive only 
for amphetamines and benzodiazepines. Once stable, the patient was 
transferred to the inpatient psychiatric unit. Approximately 48 hours 
following the ingestion, the patient suddenly developed sustained muscular 
spasms of his neck and jaw. His neck became very stiff, arched to one side, 
he was unable to move his neck or head to the other side, and his jaw became 
stiff. His tongue enlarged and protruded from his mouth. Throughout the 
entire episode, vital signs were stable, he was afebrile, and he was alert 
and oriented. Electrocardiogram, serum creatine kinase and lactate 
dehydrogenase were within normal limits. The dystonic reaction resolved 
completely within a few minutes after the administration of intramuscularly 
diphenhydramine. No additional acute dystonic episodes occurred during the 
remainder of his hospitalization. Of note, no psychotropic medications had 
been restarted following the overdose. Review of Literature: Paliperidone 
package insert information describes an overdose of 405 mg that resulted in 
extrapyramidal symptoms and gait unsteadiness. There are several literature 
case reports of risperidone overdose clinical scenarios. Common symptoms 
reported include tachycardia, sedation, hypotension and the association with 
EKG changes. The unique extended release delivery system of paliperidone 
raises the question of time course for anticipated symptoms following an 
overdose. Additionally, bupropion and sertraline have also been associated 
with dystonic reactions and may have contributed to the development of the 
reaction. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of recognizing the 
potential occurrence of delayed acute dystonic reactions following an 
overdose involving paliperidone and the need for close monitoring.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  paliperidone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  amfebutamone
  amphetamine
  amphetamine derivative
  benzodiazepine
  benzodiazepine derivative
  cannabis
  diphenhydramine
  lactate dehydrogenase
  lorazepam
  risperidone
  sertraline
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug overdose
  dystonia
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  attention deficit disorder
  bipolar disorder
  case report
  creatine kinase blood level
  dependent personality disorder
  drug abuse
  drug therapy
  electrocardiogram
  extrapyramidal symptom
  gait
  hospital patient
  hospitalization
  hypotension
  ingestion
  intensive care unit
  intoxication
  jaw
  maintenance therapy
  male
  medical history
  metabolite
  monitoring
  muscle spasm
  neck
  patient
  psychiatric department
  schizoaffective psychosis
  schizophrenia
  sedation
  tachycardia
  tongue
  unsteadiness
  urine
  vital sign
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 594
TITLE
  Pharmacist-directed PTSD medication management clinic at the VAWNY 
healthcare system
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hyatt J.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hyatt J.M.) VAWNY Healthcare System, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.M. Hyatt, VAWNY Healthcare System, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (149). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Innovative Practices. Background: Influx of Veterans of 
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) has 
prompted changes in how mental health services are delivered. Young veterans 
are often reluctant to accept medication therapy, limiting treatment 
compliance and success. Our psychiatric service is overburdened, prompting 
referral of new veterans to the emergency room for psychiatric services. The 
PTSD Medication Management Clinic was developed to help meet the needs 
returning veterans with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinic 
goals include evaluation of new veterans at point of entry, disease-state 
and medication education, and frequent follow-up in clinic to support 
education and compliance. Description of Innovative Service: OEF/OIF 
veterans are referred to the PTSD Medication Management Clinic by the 
OEF/OIF Department, primary care, ER, and behavioral health providers. 
Initial evaluation includes mental status exam and rating scale evaluations 
as indicated. Initial evaluation, education, medication prescribing and 
follow up are provided by the author. Patients may be referred for 
additional services as appropriate including individual psychotherapy, group 
therapy, neuropsychology evaluation, polytrauma evaluation, substance abuse 
services, and vocational rehabilitation. Impact on Patient Care: In the 
first 12 months that the clinic was in operation, 105 patients received 
services for a total of 531 clinic visits. Initially, the clinic was 
averaging 15-20 appointments per month. Currently, 60 to 80 patients are 
seen monthly. 87% of patients are male. The average time of the initial 
clinic visit is 60-90 minutes. Follow-up visits average 30-45 minutes. Most 
commonly seen symptoms include irritability, anxiety, insomnia and 
depression. Patients who remain in the clinic for more than 1 month have an 
83% compliance rate with appointments. Measurable outcomes include 
psychiatric hospitalizations and changes in functional status (school, 
work), substance use, and personal relationships. Conclusion: The increased 
demand for mental health services for OEF/OIF veterans has created a niche 
for pharmacist-managed medication therapy as part of a multidisciplinary 
approach to treatment of veterans with symptoms of PTSD. We have been 
encouraged by the success of the clinic and are planning outcomes research 
to better define the role of pharmacists in medication management for this 
population.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  drug therapy
  health care system
  hospital
  pharmacist
  posttraumatic stress disorder
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anxiety
  education
  emergency ward
  follow up
  functional status
  group therapy
  health
  hospitalization
  insomnia
  irritability
  male
  mental health
  mental health service
  multiple trauma
  neuropsychology
  outcomes research
  patient
  patient care
  patient compliance
  planning
  population
  primary medical care
  rating scale
  school
  substance abuse
  therapy
  veteran
  vocational rehabilitation
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 595
TITLE
  Evaluation of treatment continuation rates of aripiprazole and quetiapine in 
patients with bipolar disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kreys T.-J.
  Coley K.
  Saul M.
  Fabian T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kreys T.-J.) Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center, United 
States.
(Kreys T.-J.) South Carolina College of Pharmacy at Medical, University of 
South Carolina, United States.
(Coley K.; Fabian T.) University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, United 
States.
(Saul M.) University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 
United States.
(Fabian T.) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.-J. Kreys, Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (156). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Original Research. Background: Several atypical antipsychotic 
agents are indicated for the treatment of acute bipolar episodes and/or 
maintenance therapy; however, few head-to-head comparison studies have been 
conducted. Objective: The objective of this naturalistic study was to assess 
treatment continuation rates for aripiprazole and quetiapine in patients 
with bipolar disorder at the time of discharge from the hospital. Patient 
and treatment variables that may influence treatment continuation rates were 
also evaluated. Methods: This was a retrospective, cohort study conducted at 
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of the University of Pittsburgh 
Medical Center. Patients were included in the analysis if they were greater 
than or equal to 18 years of age, had an ICD-9 diagnosis code of bipolar 
affective disorder, were admitted between July 2005 and June 2008, and were 
newly initiated on aripiprazole or quetiapine. Patients were excluded from 
the study if they had no documentation of admission and/or discharge 
medications, were treated with quetiapine at doses less than 200 mg/d, or 
were treated with both aripiprazole and quetiapine during the index 
hospitalization. A multivariate regression analysis was used to assess 
covariates that impacted treatment continuation rates. Results: A total of 
392 patients were included in the study (aripiprazole cohort: n = 209; 
quetiapine cohort: n = 183). Baseline demographics were similar between 
cohorts with the exception of bipolar subtype (P = 0.045) and substance 
abuse history (P < 0.001). There was no difference in antipsychotic 
treatment continuation rates between cohorts, with 85% of aripiprazole 
patients and 81% of quetiapine patients continuing their index antipsychotic 
agent at discharge (P = 0.254). Logistic regression analysis revealed that 
younger patients (P = 0.001) and those with a shorter length of stay (P = 
0.002) were more likely to continue treatment with their index 
antipsychotic. Patients who were treated concomitantly with valproic 
acid/divalproex (OR = 0.52, P = 0.034) or lithium (OR = 0.40, P = 0.008) 
were less likely to continue treatment with their index antipsychotic. 
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in antipsychotic treatment 
continuation rates at discharge in patients with bipolar disorder treated 
with quetiapine or aripiprazole. However, in this patient population, 
antipsychotic treatment continuation was influenced by patient age, length 
of stay, and concomitant use of mood stabilizers.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aripiprazole
  quetiapine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  atypical antipsychotic agent
  lithium
  mood stabilizer
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  bipolar disorder
  college
  patient
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cohort analysis
  diagnosis
  documentation
  drug therapy
  hospital
  hospitalization
  length of stay
  logistic regression analysis
  maintenance therapy
  population
  regression analysis
  substance abuse
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 596
TITLE
  Pediatricians' self-reported treatment and pharmacotherapy monitoring of 
children and adolescents with major depressive disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pfalzgraf A.
  Schwab M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pfalzgraf A.; Schwab M.) Duquesne University's Mylan, School of Pharmacy, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Pfalzgraf, Duquesne University's Mylan, School of Pharmacy, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (172). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) 
in children and adolescents is a serious public health problem in the US 
There are risks associated with untreated MDD. Children and adolescents with 
MDD have a greater risk for drug abuse, difficulties in school, impaired 
functioning, and even suicide. Given there are serious consequences 
associated with this disorder, treatment of children and adolescents with 
this MDD, becomes crucial. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of child 
psychiatrists in the US to treat these patients. Many children and 
adolescents with MDD receive treatment from pediatricians. Pediatricians, 
however, do not obtain the extensive training child psychiatrists receive to 
treat children and adolescents with MDD. Since this is the case this study 
will determine how pediatricians in OH, PA, and WV treat and monitor 
children and/or adolescents with MDD and compare the findings with current 
US FDA guidelines and AACAP recommendations. Objectives: 1) Determine 
pediatricians' preferred treatment for children and adolescents with MDD. 2) 
Determine how pediatricians monitor children and adolescents with MDD who 
are treated with antidepressant therapy. 3) Compare pediatricians' treatment 
and monitoring behaviors to the current FDA guidelines and AACAP 
recommendations. Methods: The pediatricians in a national physician database 
who practice in OH, PA, and WV will serve as the sample for the current 
study (n = 3146). This study will utilize survey methodology. Data will be 
collected via two survey mailings. The survey utilized in this study will 
consist of 4 sections, and the questions are designed to obtain information 
about prescribing habits to newly diagnosed children and adolescents with 
MDD. A pilot study will be conducted to evaluate the clarity of the survey 
instrument. The pilot study will consist of a random sample equal to 10% (or 
315 subjects) of the total sample size. Outcomes: Pediatricians' 
self-reported treatment and pharmacotherapy monitoring of children and/or 
adolescents with MDD will be reported and compared to current treatment and 
monitoring guidelines. The data obtained from this study will be utilized to 
develop a larger, national study to determine treatment and monitoring 
preferences among pediatricians for children and adolescents with MDD.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adolescent
  child
  college
  drug therapy
  major depression
  monitoring
  pediatrician
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  child psychiatry
  data base
  drug abuse
  food and drug administration
  habit
  methodology
  patient
  physician
  pilot study
  public health problem
  random sample
  risk
  sample size
  school
  suicide
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 597
TITLE
  Teaching pharmacology in the medical faculty of medical university in sofia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Boyadjieva N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Boyadjieva N.) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, 
Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Boyadjieva, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, 
Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
SOURCE
  Autonomic and Autacoid Pharmacology (2010) 30:1 (68-70). Date of 
Publication: 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  6th National Congress of Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Varna, Bulgaria
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-10-01 to 2009-10-04
ISSN
  1474-8665
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the Medical Faculty in 
Sofia was founded and started education on pharmacology in 1945. It was the 
first department teaching pharmacology in Bulgaria. Our department supported 
the development of pharmacology teaching in the Universities of Varna, 
Plovdiv, Pleven, Stara Zagora as well as pharmacology teaching in colleges 
for nurses and medical workers. The department has a history in advancing 
the progress of pharmacology as a scientific discipline. We offer a broad 
range of educational opportunities from undergraduate studies to graduate 
research leading toward the award of M.D. and Ph.D degrees. Our pharmacology 
education involves undergraduate, graduate degree programs, online 
pharmacology as well as professional education for medical doctors, 
dentists, nurses and medical workers. The program of pharmacology education 
in the Sofia Medical Faculty differs from pharmacy programs. Our program 
combines pharmacology and drug toxicology into a single unit, focusing on 
pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, toxicology, drug interactions, 
prescriptions of drugs, etc., for medical students and doctors. The program 
contains general, systems, integrative pharmacology and drug toxicology. 
Students study pharmacology either as part of a medical degree or as part of 
training to become researchers. The Medical Faculty in Sofia offers PhD 
training in Pharmacology & Toxicology. The specialization in Pharmacology is 
available. Currently, 300 medical students and 200 students from Dental 
School are taking classes and examinations in pharmacology in our 
department. The department competes to attract able students by offering new 
courses and options. Problem-based learning (PBL) is gaining interest in 
many medical schools. Although various approaches have been labelled PBL, it 
remains unclear which approach is most appropriate for pharmacology courses. 
There are numerous opportunities in the field of pharmacology available to 
undergraduate students in our department. The department offers an 
additional 7 PBL courses (modules) for students each academic year as 
follows: (1) Pharmacotherapy of chronic disorders; (2) Pharmacology of Pain; 
(3) Drug Abuse; (4) Pharmacotherapy of disorders in dentistry; (5) 
Alternative medicine for therapy of social-related diseases; (6) Homeopathy; 
(7) AIDS: pharmacotherapy. The courses focus on therapeutic and molecular 
mechanisms of action for various drugs, used in the treatment of a large 
spectrum of disorders (neuronal, brain, lung, cardio-vascular, 
gastro-intestinal, muscular, cancers, immune-related diseases, arthritis, 
AIDS, etc.). Our lectures correlate the effects of drugs and other chemical 
agents with physiological, biochemical, microbiological, immunological or 
behavioural factors influencing disease. Each of these courses is closely 
interwoven with the experimental techniques of biochemistry, cellular and 
molecular biology, microbiology, genetics, pathology, physiology, etc. The 
role of the tutor in PBL courses also affects the choice of potential 
tutors. Lecture-based pharmacology classes are typically taught by 
established lecturers. PBL courses have tutors-professors from our 
department. The results demonstrate the high level of interest from students 
in PBL. For example: 220 students took PBL classes in pharmacology during 
2008/2009. The teaching hours were up to 200. The lectures on pharmacology 
and pharmacotherapy were given by eight professors and six assistant 
professors. This experience has led to suggestions that the advantages of 
PBL might manifest particularly in areas such as clinical competence and 
pharmacotherapy. Our results suggest that there is high rank correlation 
between assessment of student performance by computer and traditional 
appraisal by written examination. We incorporated various teaching packages 
on pharmacology for undergraduate students. The computer-assisted learning 
is a part of our teaching process. Our department started with multimedia 25 
years ago. In this department, the use of computer-assisted learning 
software incorporating video, sound and animated graphics to replace 
animal's experiments started 30 years ago. We developed video-films on 
neuropharmacology, cardiopharmacology, pharmacolgy of pain, lung 
pharmacology, general pharmacology, etc. and our films demonstrate 
experimental benefits in teaching on pharmacology and drug toxicology. We 
also developed written exams on pharmacology for medical students in 
Bulgaria and published books with test questions in field of pharmacology. 
Our department has a high level of respect due to the publication of books 
on pharmacology. Our staff published 21 teaching books and up to 200 
teaching chapters for medical students, students in dentistry, pharmacy, 
nurses, etc. in the last 20 years. Moreover, we proposed the first new 
pharmacology book in Bulgaria with illustrations/figures and textbooks for 
practice. Our department, together with the Department of Biochemistry were 
the first to make presentations about online pharmacology education at the 
International Meeting in 2000. Subsequently the online teaching of 
pharmacology was developed and accepted in 2008 as a support for teaching. 
Additionally, medical students have the option to test their pharmacological 
learning by using online tests developed by the department's staff. We 
pioneered a new method in the education of medical students named 'Written 
pharmacological chapters and competition for presentation' (WPC) in 2004. 
Each student has to write four pages on scientific question in field of 
pharmacology. Then, seven groups of professors and assistant professors in 
pharmacology score the written chapters and select the best of them for 
further competition and presentations. The department organizes the 
scientific-educational workshop each year in May. Students who won the 
competition present their posters or oral presentations. It is a big 
scientific meeting with a lot of students, teachers, and medical doctors. It 
is a great achievement in education on pharmacology. Posters presented news 
in various fields in pharmacology, analysis of students, information about 
scientific studies, etc. Multimedia oral presentations given by students 
provided training in publicly communicating the science of pharmacology. The 
results from last competition in 2009 were: (1) 250 students from 3rd 
medical course wrote the chapters; (2) the average score was 5.50; (3) the 
best chapters with score 6.00 + where written by 55 medical students; (4) 
Oral presentations were made by eight students, posters presented by 38 
students; (5) 200 students and guests participated in the scientific meeting 
and discussions. The results demonstrated factual knowledge in the field of 
pharmacology. Although the presentation of pharmacological facts in a 
clinical and scientific context is likely to enhance medical student 
motivation to study pharmacology, based on learning theories a further 
enhancement of motivation can be expected by this new method in our 
department. We observed improved self-determination and responsibility in 
the students. We also observed that medical students were more able to take 
responsibility for defining and achieving their own learning objectives in 
pharmacology. Taken together, it appears that our new system of teaching 
pharmacology enhances the quality of education. We started teaching 
pharmacology for English speaking students in the Medical University in 
Sofia in 2003. We publish programs, tests, lectures, etc in English. The new 
module on 'Core information on pharmacotherapy of chronic disorders' was 
developed for them in 2007. The department also created the 'Writing 
pharmacological chapter and competition for presentation'. The results from 
last competition of English speaking students were: (1) All 24 students 
wrote chapters; (2) The average score was excellent (5.75); (3) All students 
made oral presentation during workshop in May 2009. The unique opportunity 
for undergraduate and graduate education in pharmacology, toxicology and 
pharmacotherapy is the First Science-Educational School (SES) for capable 
medical students. The department of Pharmacology and Toxicology organized 
the school in 2007. Approximately 70-80 students took lectures, seminars, 
workshops, posters discussions, etc. each year. The students with high 
motivation and qualifications are admitted to the school. The aims are to 
introduce the clinical, scientific and fundamental concepts in 
pharmacotherapy to students, to develop medical doctor-scientist from the 
3rd year of study in our university. Students have a chance to learn a lot 
of from various great Bulgarian and European medical doctors and scientists. 
The close relationship of the students with Acad. E. Golovinsky, Acad. C. 
Cvetanov, Acad. P. Vasileva from the Bulgarian Academy of Science plays a 
role in their scientific/educational motivation. The school celebrated its 2 
year anniversary in May 2009. Students enrolled at the school to study 
pharmacology, commenced their research projects where they are engaged in 
developing new experimental pharmacological products. The students have 
learned about and met great Bulgarian scientists in fields of endocrinology, 
neurology, pharmacology, cancer research, immunology, psychiatry, 
ophthalmology, molecular biology, microbiology. The students learned about 
and celebrated the progress in medicine made by our teachers and great 
scientists as Acad. R. Tzanev, Acad. T. Tashev, Acad. Ch. Nachev, Acad. I. 
Puhlev, Acad. I. Penchev, Acad. D. Pashov, Acad. V. Petkov, Acad. C. 
Angelov, Prof. D. Paskov, Prof. C. Stoichev, Prof. N. Shipkovenski, Prof. H. 
Gelinov, Prof. A. Spasov, etc. The SES students met the leaders in medicine 
from Bulgaria, USA, Europe and Asia. This has led to a high level of 
interest in SES.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  chemical agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical school
  pharmacology
  teaching
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  achievement
  acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  alternative medicine
  animal experiment
  arthritis
  Asia
  awards and prizes
  book
  brain
  Bulgaria
  cancer research
  clinical competence
  college
  competition
  computer
  computer program
  dental education
  dentist
  dentistry
  drug abuse
  drug interaction
  drug mechanism
  drug therapy
  education
  endocrinology
  Europe
  examination
  experimentation
  genetics
  graduate
  homeopathy
  immunology
  learning
  learning theory
  lung
  medical personnel
  medical student
  microbiology
  molecular biology
  motivation
  multimedia
  neoplasm
  neurology
  neuropharmacology
  nurse
  ophthalmology
  pain
  pathology
  peripheral lymphocyte
  pharmacokinetics
  pharmacy
  physician
  physiology
  prescription
  problem based learning
  psychiatry
  responsibility
  school
  scientist
  specialization
  speech
  student
  teacher
  therapy
  toxicology
  videorecording
  vocational education
  workshop
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2009.00451.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 598
TITLE
  Antidepressant use in depressed kentucky medicaid youths
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chandler H.E.
  Zhong Q.
  Botts S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chandler H.E.; Zhong Q.; Botts S.) University of Kentucky, College of 
Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.E. Chandler, University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (151). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Original Research. Purpose: To examine the extent of acute 
and continuation antidepressant therapy for depression in youth and young 
adults and identify variables associated with receipt of therapy. Methods: 
Retrospective evaluation using a large administrative claims database. 
Subjects include Kentucky Medicaid enrollees, less than 25 years of age, 
with a new (index) episode of depression and 12months of continuous 
eligibility during the time period of January 2000-December 2008. Subjects 
were excluded if they received an antidepressant prescription in the 6 
months prior to the index diagnosis. Acute antidepressant therapy was 
defined as receipt of an antidepressant within the first 84 days following a 
diagnosis of depression. Continuation treatment was defined as a medication 
possession ratio 3/4 80% during first 6 months. Explanatory variables 
included; subject demographics, care setting and location, service visits; 
comorbid substance abuse, multiple depressive episodes, rural index, and 
Appalachian county designation. Results: Of the 21,758 depression episodes 
identified, 37% occurred in children (0-12 yrs), 44% in adolescent (13-18 
yrs) and 19% in young adults (19-24 yrs). Twenty-one percent of the subjects 
received acute antidepressant therapy and 10% of this group had adequate 
continuation treatment. Follow-up visits increased the odds of receiving 
both acute and continuation antidepressant treatment (OR 3.02, P < 0.001; OR 
2.41, P < 0.001). Male gender (OR 0.91, P < 0.001), a previous episode of 
depression (OR 0.61, P < 0.001), and receiving care from a mental health 
provider (OR 0.54, P < 0.001) were associated with decreased odds of 
receiving antidepressant therapy. Conclusion: Approximately one in five 
Kentucky Medicaid youths receive antidepressant therapy for depression. This 
low rate of treatment might reflect the risk of suicidal ideation associated 
with antidepressant use in this age group. Interestingly, those receiving 
care from a mental health provider were less likely to receive medication. 
Further studies are planned to evaluate the role of nonpharmacological 
interventions in this population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antidepressant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  juvenile
  medicaid
  pharmacist
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  child
  data base
  depression
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  explanatory variable
  follow up
  gender
  groups by age
  male
  mental health
  population
  prescription
  risk
  substance abuse
  suicidal ideation
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 599
TITLE
  Rates of adherence for the filling of antidepressant prescriptions in a 
medicaid population with chronic pain and depression
AUTHOR NAMES
  Morrison S.
  Andrew C.
  Ives T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Morrison S.; Ives T.) University of North Carolina Eshelman, School of 
Pharmacy, United States.
(Andrew C.; Ives T.) University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Morrison, University of North Carolina Eshelman, School of Pharmacy, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (173-174). Date of Publication: 
April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: It is recognized that chronic 
pain and depression coexist for many individuals. When depression presents 
in chronic pain patients, the existing condition is often exacerbated and 
functional status can decline. It is important for clinicians to assess both 
pain and depressive symptoms when managing this patient population. There 
are multiple proposed barriers to providing optimal care in chronic pain 
patients. A potential reason for unsuccessful management of chronic pain is 
nonadherence to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Objectives: The purpose of 
this study is to assess the adherence of antidepressant medications in 
chronic pain patients. Common barriers to adherence of antidepressant 
pharmacotherapy will also be identified. Methods: Subjects Medicaid patients 
enrolled in the UNC General Medicine Pain Clinic with a dual diagnosis of 
nonmalignant chronic pain and depression during the calendar year 2008. Data 
Collection Fill rates of antidepressant prescriptions will be collected 
using the North Carolina Pharmacy Home Database for the 2008 calendar year. 
Electronic medical records will be used to determine new and existing 
antidepressant prescriptions. These records will also be used to collect 
baseline characteristics (i.e., demographics, type of chronic pain, 
substance abuse history, access to mental health services). The Brief 
Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) will be self-administered by participants to 
assess nonadherence, negative beliefs, motivational barriers, adverse 
events, recall barriers, and access barriers. The Adherence Risk Scale will 
be calculated. Outcomes: 1) To obtain the fill rates for antidepressant 
prescriptions in Medicaid patients with a dual diagnosis of nonmalignant 
chronic pain and depression. 2) To report adherence barriers with 
antidepressant pharmacotherapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antidepressant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain
  college
  medicaid
  pharmacist
  population
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  data base
  depression
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  functional status
  general practice
  information processing
  mental health service
  pain
  pain clinic
  patient
  pharmacy
  questionnaire
  recall
  risk
  substance abuse
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 600
TITLE
  Does type of bipolar disorder increase the risk of medication nonadherence?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Farhadian S.
  Lacro J.
  Leckband S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Farhadian S.; Lacro J.) Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States.
(Lacro J.; Leckband S.) Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 
San Diego, United States.
(Lacro J.; Leckband S.) Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Farhadian, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
University of California, San Diego, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (166). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: Medication nonadherence in 
patients with bipolar disorder may lead to symptom relapse, as well as 
severe complications including hospitalization or suicide. Many published 
studies have reported the prevalence and addressed the predictors associated 
with medication nonadherence in bipolar patients such as younger age, 
minority ethnicity, comorbid substance abuse and homelessness. Little to no 
information, however, is available regarding whether a difference exists 
between patients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder type. Objectives: To 
determine the prevalence of, risk factors for and consequences of 
nonadherence to commonly used medications in the management of Veterans with 
bipolar disorder. Specifically, the role of bipolar type and medication 
combinations will be evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study will 
review computerized records for patients receiving at least one medication 
for the treatment of bipolar disorder at the Veterans Affairs San Diego 
Healthcare System (VASDHS) from October 1, 2008 through September 30, 2009. 
Patients receiving care or medications for bipolar disorder outside the 
VASDHS are excluded. Patients have previously been diagnosed as bipolar I or 
bipolar II using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and 
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Medication adherence will be 
assessed by calculating medication possession ratios (MPR), with adherence 
defined as MPR ≥ 80%. Demographic (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity), 
medication-related (i.e., refill history, dosing frequency, polypharmacy), 
and healthcare utilization (i.e., hospitalization, no-show visits, 
unscheduled visits) variables will be collected to assess predictors of 
adherence. Outcomes: The prevalence of medication nonadherence in patients 
with bipolar I disorder compared to bipolar II disorder will be reported. 
Additionally, respective predictors for nonadherence, including medication 
combinations, will be analyzed. Study Implications: By identifying possible 
differences in medication adherence based on specific bipolar diagnosis, 
providers may target interventions for adherence towards a specific patient 
population.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  bipolar disorder
  college
  drug therapy
  pharmacist
  risk
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  bipolar I disorder
  bipolar II disorder
  diagnosis
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  ethnicity
  gender
  health care system
  health care utilization
  homelessness
  hospitalization
  patient
  patient compliance
  polypharmacy
  population
  prevalence
  relapse
  retrospective study
  risk factor
  structured interview
  substance abuse
  suicide
  veteran
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 601
TITLE
  Evaluation of pharmacotherapeutic regimens in patients with a history of 
traumatic brain injury and co-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder
AUTHOR NAMES
  Morgan M.
  Lockwood A.
  Steinke D.
  Botts S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Morgan M.; Lockwood A.; Steinke D.; Botts S.) Lexington Veterans Affairs 
Medical Center, Lexington, United States.
(Steinke D.; Botts S.) University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, 
Lexington, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Morgan, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (168). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Purpose: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has 
become the signature injury for veterans serving in the Operation Enduring 
Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF). Approximately one-third of 
veterans who sustain a TBI will also develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 
(PTSD). It is unknown if pharmacotherapies used in PTSD are beneficial, 
safe, or affect long term outcomes in veterans with comorbid TBI. The 
purpose of this study is to determine if veterans with PTSD and TBI are 
treated differently pharmacologically or utilize more services than patients 
with PTSD alone. We hypothesize that veterans with PTSD and TBI are more 
likely to receive lower doses and less polypharmacy, discontinue treatment 
more often, and utilize more health services than veterans with PTSD alone. 
Methods: This is a retrospective comparative evaluation of PTSD 
pharmacotherapy for veterans with and without TBI. Subjects include all 
OEF/OIF veterans receiving treatment at the Lexington VA Medical Center and 
diagnosed with PTSD, between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2009. This study 
was approved by the Institutional Review Board. All data will be obtained 
from the Lexington Veterans Affairs computerized patient records system and 
include demographic data, medication regimen data and service encounter 
data. A diagnosis of TBI will be confirmed through a polytrauma team 
assessment. The primary outcome, pharmacotherapy of PTSD, will be 
characterized by classes of medications received for PTSD, dose, total 
number of psychotropic medications, and number of medication changes during 
the six-month period post PTSD diagnosis. Doses will be compared using the 
defined daily dose (DDD). Polypharmacy will be defined as receipt of >1 
psychotropic medication. Secondary outcomes include adherence to 
antidepressant therapy and utilization of health services. Analysis: 
Outcomes will be reported as means or frequencies and compared using 
independent sample t-tests and chisquare analysis. A logistic regression 
analysis will be preformed to control for confounding variables such as age, 
gender and other diagnosis (substance abuse, pain, headache, depression). 
Results: Pending.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  patient
  pharmacist
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  traumatic brain injury
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  confounding variable
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  gender
  headache
  health service
  injury
  institutional review
  logistic regression analysis
  multiple trauma
  pain
  polypharmacy
  Student t test
  substance abuse
  therapy
  veteran
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 602
TITLE
  Varenicline and mental health stability in patients with post-traumatic 
stress disorder: A retrospective cohort study of 78 patients at a single 
veterans affairs medical center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Campbell A.
  Anderson K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Campbell A.) Center for Behavioral Medicine, United States.
(Anderson K.) Kansas City VA Medical Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Campbell, Center for Behavioral Medicine, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (160). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Original Research. Background: Varenicline is a partial 
agonist of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor used in the 
treatment of tobacco dependence. While proven an effective treatment option 
in the general population, there are growing reports of neuropsychiatric 
side effects linked to the medication. At present, no studies have 
investigated varenicline's use in patients with PTSD. Objective: To 
determine the effects of varenicline on mental health (MH) stability in a 
veteran population suffering from PTSD. Methods: This is a retrospective 
cohort study conducted at a single Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Data 
regarding MH encounters were collected on all patients with a diagnosis of 
PTSD who received a prescription for varenicline between May 2006 and July 
2008. Data extracted for comparison was divided into three time periods: 1) 
six-month pre-varenicline period to establish baseline encounter needs, 2) 
period patient was actively taking varenicline, 3) three-month 
post-varenicline treatment period. The primary outcome measure of this study 
is the average number of MH encounters per month while taking varenicline. 
Results:A total of 78 patientswere included in the final data analysis. 
Comparison of the three time periods indicated a 28.6% increase in MH 
encounters during the varenicline treatment period (P=0.005). Nosignificant 
difference was seen between the baseline and post-varenicline treatment 
periods. Patients with concomitant Axis I disorders (n = 43) required 
significantlymoreMHencounters for all three time periods as compared to 
patients with PTSD only (n = 35) (P = 0.017, 0.034, and 0.018 respectively). 
Varenicline was also associated with a greater than expected prolonged 
smoking cessation rate (31%). Conclusions: The findings of this study 
suggest varenicline may potentiate decompensations of MH stability in 
patients with PTSD. Further prospective investigation of these results is 
warranted.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  varenicline
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nicotinic receptor
  partial agonist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cohort analysis
  college
  mental health
  patient
  pharmacist
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  data analysis
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  population
  prescription
  side effect
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 603
TITLE
  Nootropic-induced psychosis: A case report
AUTHOR NAMES
  Deyo Z.
  Stuppy S.
  Breden E.
  Moran J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Deyo Z.) University of Maryland, United States.
(Stuppy S.) Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, United 
States.
(Breden E.; Moran J.) Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Z. Deyo, University of Maryland, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (185). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Therapeutic Case Report. Background: Psychotic symptoms may 
be caused by medications or substances. This case report describes a young 
man who presented to the emergency department (ED) with psychosis secondary 
to nootropic polypharmacy. Nootropics, referred to as “smart drugs” or 
“memory enhancers,” are non-FDA regulated agents that target persons looking 
for memory enhancement or improved concentration. Piracetam was the first 
nootropic described, and has many purported indications and mechanisms of 
action. Patient History: A 23 year old white male with a past psychiatric 
history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression 
presented to the ED exhibiting signs of psychosis, disorganized thinking and 
delusions of grandeur. Upon transfer to inpatient psychiatry his 
differential included psychosis NOS, schizophrenia, schizoaffective 
disorder, and substanceinduced psychotic disorder. The following day, he was 
no longer experiencing psychotic symptoms. After further investigation he 
reported taking three nootropic agents; piracetam, aniracetam, and phenibut 
to target his symptoms of ADHD. He originally took 800-1600 mg of piracetam, 
but recently added aniracetam and phenibut. As he grew tolerant to their 
effects, he increased the dose. The day he presented to the ED he recalls 
taking approximately 4 grams of piracetam, 5.6 grams of phenibut, and an 
unknown quantity of aniracetam. Given that the patient's symptoms abated 
within 24 hours of admission, it was determined that his psychosis was 
secondary to nootropics. The patient was discharged devoid of psychotic 
symptoms with a prescription for bupropion to target his ADHD and 
depression. Review of Literature: A MEDLINE search did not identify any 
published case reports of psychosis secondary to a combination of these 
agents. The Martindale index does cite hallucinations as a possible adverse 
effect of piracetam. This case report adds to the paucity of literature on 
the safety of nootropic agents. Conclusion: In this case report, a temporal 
and causal relationship was observed between the ingestion of increasing 
doses of phenibut, piracetam, and aniracetam and the development of 
neuropsychiatric manifestations. Clinicians should be cognizant of nootropic 
agents, and that their use may result in psychosis.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 amino 3 phenylbutyric acid
  amfebutamone
  aniracetam
  nootropic agent
  piracetam
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case report
  college
  pharmacist
  psychosis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  attention deficit disorder
  delusion
  drug therapy
  emergency ward
  enhancer region
  food and drug administration
  hallucination
  hospital patient
  ingestion
  male
  medical history
  memory
  patient
  polypharmacy
  prescription
  psychiatry
  recall
  safety
  schizoaffective psychosis
  schizophrenia
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 604
TITLE
  Impact of a symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol on benzodiazepine 
use and length of stay in an adult dual diagnosis population
AUTHOR NAMES
  Maroney M.
  Mierzwa M.
  Macaluso A.
  Walsh K.
  Maloney D.
  Learn M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Maroney M.; Mierzwa M.; Macaluso A.; Walsh K.; Maloney D.; Learn M.) Saint 
Barnabas Behavioral Health Care Center, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Maroney, Saint Barnabas Behavioral Health Care Center, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (169). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Work in Progress. Background: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome 
(AWS) can lead to severe complications such as seizures, hallucinations and 
frank delirium tremens (DTs). Complications from DTs include respiratory 
failure, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiovascular collapse and death in up to 20% 
of untreated patients. Proper treatment with benzodiazepines such as 
lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide, can treat the uncomfortable symptoms of AWS 
(sweating, tremors, headache, anxiety etc.), while effectively preventing 
complications. Side effects of these medications (ex: oversedation, impaired 
cognitive function, respiratory depression), especially if used 
unnecessarily, can be problematic, possibly leading to less ability to 
participate in treatment decisions, increased risk of falls and prolonged 
length of stay due to extended tapering schedules. The use of a 
symptom-triggered protocol for treating AWS, utilizing a standardized scale 
such as the Clinical Institute for Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment- Revised 
(CIWA-Ar) has been shown to decrease the unnecessary use of benzodiazepines 
in detoxification centers, while effectively managing symptoms and 
preventing major complications. This method has also been shown to result in 
shorter treatment episodes in detoxification centers, thus minimizing 
exposure to these potentially addictive medications. Objectives: To measure 
benzodiazepine use in a dual diagnosis population immediately before and 
after initiation of a symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal treatment 
protocol to determine the impact on overall use, cost, and length of stay. 
Methods: Charts of all patients on the dual diagnosis unit undergoing 
treatment for AWS admitted immediately before and after protocol 
implementation will be reviewed to determine age, gender, total cumulative 
benzodiazepine dose (measured in chlordiazepoxide equivalents), average 
benzodiazepine dose per day, amount per dose, total number of doses received 
per patient, length of stay, length of AWS treatment, diagnosis, comorbid 
substance use/abuse, history of withdrawal complications (seizures, 
hallucinations, DTs), seizure disorder history, history of traumatic brain 
injury, blood alcohol level (BAL) upon admission, date BAL drawn, urine drug 
screen (UDS) results upon admission, and number of incidents requiring 
transfer to the medical hospital. Outcomes: This data will be analyzed to 
determine any notable trends, if overall use of benzodiazepines has 
decreased, and if average length of stay and treatment duration has 
decreased since protocol initiation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
  chlordiazepoxide
  lorazepam
  succimer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adult
  alcohol withdrawal
  college
  diagnosis
  length of stay
  pharmacist
  population
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol blood level
  anxiety
  cognition
  death
  delirium tremens
  detoxification
  drug therapy
  exposure
  gender
  hallucination
  headache
  heart arrhythmia
  hospital
  patient
  respiration depression
  respiratory failure
  risk
  seizure
  shock
  side effect
  sweating
  traumatic brain injury
  treatment duration
  treatment withdrawal
  tremor
  urine
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 605
TITLE
  Divergent thinking as a potential target for cognitive intervention in early 
psychosis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nemoto T.
  Takeshi K.
  Togi N.
  Haneda M.
  Tsujino N.
  Ito S.
  Katagiri N.
  Morita K.
  Kobayashi H.
  Mizuno M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nemoto T.; Takeshi K.; Togi N.; Haneda M.; Tsujino N.; Ito S.; Katagiri N.; 
Morita K.; Mizuno M.) Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 
Japan.
(Kobayashi H.) Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 
Japan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Nemoto, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
SOURCE
  Schizophrenia Research (2010) 117:2-3 (329). Date of Publication: April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  2nd Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference, SIRS 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Florence, Italy
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-10 to 2010-04-14
CONFERENCE EDITORS
  DeLisi L.E.
  Nasrallah H.A.
ISSN
  0920-9964
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier
ABSTRACT
  Background: Not only patients with chronic schizophrenia but also those with 
first-episode schizophrenia (FES) show cognitive impairments in a wide 
variety of domains. Furthermore, even people with at-risk mental state 
(ARMS) exhibit cognitive deficits although they usually demonstrate superior 
performance. As cognitive impairments are significantly related to social 
functioning, cognitive intervention in early stages of schizophrenia may be 
preferable. The Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, established the 
day-care unit named 'Il Bosco' in 2007, which was specific to individuals 
with early psychosis. Its integrated treatment strategies consist of 
cognitive training, psychoeducation, and individual support in normal work 
and school setting under optimal pharmacotherapy with minimum dosage. The 
cognitive training program mainly targets divergent thinking deficits, 
because we revealed that interventions for divergent thinking significantly 
led to improvements in negative symptoms and social functioning in 
schizophrenia patients (Nemoto et al., 2009). The aim of this study was to 
examine the efficacy of cognitive intervention for divergent thinking in 
people with early psychosis. Methods: Twenty-six Japanese outpatients with 
early psychosis (13 men, 13 women) were recruited at 'Il Bosco.' They 
included 20 individuals (9 men, 11 women) with FES and 6 people (4 men, 2 
women) with ARMS diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV 
Axis I Disorder (SCID) and the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes 
and the Scales of Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS/SOPS). The mean age of FES group 
was 21.5 (SD=3.6) years and that of ARMS group was 19.5 (SD=2.5). The mean 
of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in FES group was 5.5 months. All 
patients were taking antipsychotic medications. Subjects were excluded if 
they had a history of alcohol dependence, substance abuse, or a neurological 
illness. The cognitive training program for divergent thinking (Nemoto et 
al., 2009) was administered for 6 months in the group setting. The outcome 
measures of cognition included the Letter Cancellation Test (LCT), the 
Seven-word Learning Test (SLT), and the Modified Stroop Test (MST). In 
addition, the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), the WHO Quality of Life-26 
(WHOQOL-26), and the Subjective Well-being Neuroleptic drug treatment Short 
form (SWNS) were used to assess functional outcome. These assessments and 
neurocognitive tests were administered at baseline and at the end of the 
six-month cognitive intervention. After providing a complete description of 
the study, written informed consent was obtained from every subject. 
Results: We found significant treatment effects on some measures in the FES 
group, including: time for completing on the LCT (p<.004), the repeated 
times to remember all the words on the SLT (p<.029), and the total score of 
the SFS (p<.030). Significant treatment effects on the MST (Part II minus 
Part I) and two components on the SFS (Withdrawal and Interpersonal) were 
found in the ARMS group (p<.027, 034, 042, respectively). Discussion: 
Cognitive intervention for divergent thinking deficits at the early stages 
of psychosis may maximize the chance of long-lasting functional recovery and 
minimize the potential for future onset in a proportion of people with ARMS 
because divergent thinking ability is critical for generating creative 
solutions in the social setting and navigating the complexities of social 
interactions.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychosis
  schizophrenia
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  cognition
  cognitive defect
  day care
  drug therapy
  female
  general aspects of disease
  informed consent
  Japan
  Japanese (people)
  learning test
  mental health
  negative syndrome
  outpatient
  patient
  psychoeducation
  quality of life
  risk
  school
  social interaction
  Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders
  structured interview
  substance abuse
  training
  university
  wellbeing
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.563
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 606
TITLE
  A Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to manage the risks of 
overdose, abuse, addiction, and diversion with rapid-onset opioids
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kaper R.
  Schmider J.
  Bradway R.
  Floyd E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kaper R.; Schmider J.; Bradway R.; Floyd E.) Cephalon Inc., Frazer, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Kaper, Cephalon Inc., Frazer, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pain (2010) 11:4 SUPPL. 1 (S23). Date of Publication: April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  29th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society, APS
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Baltimore, MD, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-05-06 to 2010-05-08
ISSN
  1526-5900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Churchill Livingstone Inc.
ABSTRACT
  A Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), formalized in the Food and 
Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA) in 2007, is a regulatory strategy 
to manage a known or potential serious risk. This presentation describes a 
REMS model developed for the rapid-onset opioids fentanyl buccal tablet 
(FBT) and oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC). In response to 
requirements delineated by FDA, the model includes elements to assure safe 
use, a medication guide, an implementation system, and a timetable for 
assessment. The model is aimed at safeguarding patient safety, specifically 
at avoiding use of FBT and OTFC in opioid non-tolerant patients and at 
mitigating the risk of abuse, misuse, and diversion, while maintaining 
access for appropriate patients. The model enrolls wholesalers/distributors, 
prescribers, pharmacies, and patients into a single system. To enroll, 
prescribers and pharmacists first complete a mandatory educational module. 
Enrolled prescribers select and counsel appropriate patients before writing 
a prescription for FBT or OTFC. At the pharmacy level, controls built in to 
the system verify enrollment of the prescriber before a prescription for FBT 
or OTFC is dispensed. In addition, patients are counseled by the pharmacist 
on the risks and appropriate use of FBT or OTFC. In summary, the REMS model 
has been designed in partnership with the FDA to ensure 
wholesalers/distributors, prescribers, pharmacists, and patients are aware 
of and understand the risks and appropriate use of FBT and OTFC. The 
effectiveness of the model will be assessed according to an agreed schedule.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  fentanyl
  fentanyl citrate
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  addiction
  intoxication
  pain
  risk
  society
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug therapy
  food and drug administration
  model
  patient
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  tablet
  writing
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2010.01.099
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 607
TITLE
  Role of a psychiatric pharmacist in a los angeles “skid row” safety-net 
clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wang I.
  Dopheide J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wang I.; Dopheide J.A.) School of Pharmacy, University of Southern 
California, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I. Wang, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (180-181). Date of Publication: 
April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Innovative Practices. Background: Los Angeles' Skid Row is an 
area inhabited by the largest population of homeless people in the United 
States, most of whom are also mentally ill and uninsured. Many do not 
receive adequate outpatient psychiatric care, since free clinics in this 
area do not have sufficient financial support to employ psychiatrists. While 
many who are persistently and severely mentally ill may be accepted, many 
others are turned away. Psychiatric pharmacists in collaboration with 
primary care physicians provide an invaluable medication management service 
to a population who otherwise would not have access to mental health care. 
Description of Innovative Service: Center for Community Health (CCH) is a 
collaborative effort between nonprofit organizations and the county of Los 
Angeles to provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary health care to the 
homeless. The center sees 3000 patients quarterly, of whom over 60% have 
psychiatric needs. The psychiatric pharmacist works through a collaborative 
agreement and is able to accept referrals with existing axis I diagnoses 
from any provider within the clinic. The pharmacist services include: 
patient interview and assessment, medication therapy management, monitoring 
of adverse effects, identification of drug-drug interactions, assessment of 
laboratory results, assessment of clinical outcomes measured by rating 
scales, patient education, referral to other services to reduce psychosocial 
stressors, and psychosocial support. Each patient's case and treatment plan 
is discussed with a primary care physician. Medications are obtained through 
the patient assistance program or Medicare/MediCal. Impact on Patient Care: 
Through the psychiatric pharmacy service, patients have improved access to 
quality mental health care. For the five-month period evaluated, 24 patients 
were referred and followed by the pharmacist. 110 drugrelated problems 
related to the following were identified: 35% indication, 19% effectiveness, 
31% safety, and 19% compliance. 484 interventions were performed: 24% 
changes related to medication or dose changes, 23% patient education, 26% 
rating scale assessments, and 18% adverse drug reaction monitoring. Over 66% 
of the patients required referrals to a social worker for therapy or 
housing/social security issues. Conclusions: Psychiatric pharmacist 
specialists can assist safety net clinics in providing comprehensive health 
care that includes quality psychiatric services.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  hospital
  pharmacist
  safety
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  diagnosis
  drug interaction
  drug therapy
  financial management
  general practitioner
  health care
  hospital department
  interview
  laboratory
  medical service
  medical specialist
  medication therapy management
  mental disease
  mental health care
  mental health service
  monitoring
  non profit organization
  outpatient
  patient
  patient care
  patient education
  population
  psychiatrist
  psychosocial care
  public health
  rating scale
  social worker
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 608
TITLE
  Beers criteria medication review and use within a state psychiatric facility
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jepsen J.
  Jestrab F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jepsen J.; Jestrab F.) Western State Hospital, Lakewood, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Jepsen, Western State Hospital, Lakewood, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2010) 23:2 (176). Date of Publication: April 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  13th Annual Meeting of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic 
Pharmacists, CPNP 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-18 to 2010-04-21
ISSN
  0897-1900
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Abstract Type: Innovative Practices. Background: In 1991, Dr Mark Beers 
published criteria identifying inappropriate medication use among elderly 
patients. The original criteria were created by 13 pharmacotherapeutic and 
geriatric specialists, which included 12 medications or classes. The Beers 
Criteria were updated in 1997 to include 28 medications and 35 classes as 
well as in 2003 to include 48 drugs or classes. The Beers Criteria (Beers 
List) is one of the most widely cited for inappropriate medication use in 
older adults aged 65 years or greater. Description of Innovative Service: 
This prospective drug utilization evaluation (DUE) reviewed all Western 
State Hospital (WSH) patients aged 65 years or older in residence on August 
24, 2009. The DUE determined the total number of potentially inappropriate 
medications (PIMs) found within each patient's medication profile and the 
average number of PIMs. Use of any Beers Criteria medication identified was 
reviewed for resultant adverse drug effects (ADEs). The DUE screened for any 
drug-disease interactions that resulted from use of a PIM. The most 
frequently prescribed PIMs and classes of medications that appeared within 
the WSH population were identified and compared to PIM use described in 
various settings in the literature including acute care hospitals and 
long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Impact on Patient Care: Routine 
prescribing of medications found within the Beers Criteria has been 
discouraged because their use has been associated with increased morbidity, 
increased hospitalizations, worsened physical function, and poor quality of 
life. Identification of inappropriate medication use will continue to enable 
providers to plan intervention(s) for minimizing drugrelated problems during 
admission and decreasing drug-related and/or overall healthcare costs. DUE 
findings were presented to WSH Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee to be 
considered for improvement of Drug Utilization Guidelines and prescriptive 
patterns at WSH. Conclusion: Patients greater than 65 years of age are 
frequently exposed to an increased number of medications and are more likely 
to experience ADEs. Pharmacists can aid in identification of common 
medications and classes of medications within the Beers Criteria in a 
psychiatric facility and aid in improvement of medication prescription for 
older adults.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  beer
  college
  drug therapy
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  adverse drug reaction
  aged
  drug induced disease
  drug utilization
  emergency care
  health care cost
  hospital
  hospital patient
  hospitalization
  long term care
  medical specialist
  morbidity
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacy
  population
  prescription
  quality of life
  therapy
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010365987
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 609
TITLE
  Teaching pharmacology and pharmacovigilance in an integrated medical 
curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Faingold C.L.
  Dunaway G.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Faingold C.L.; Dunaway G.A.) Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University, 
School of Medicine, Springfield, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.L. Faingold, Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University, School of 
Medicine, Springfield, United States.
SOURCE
  FASEB Journal (2010) 24 Meeting Abstracts. Date of Publication: April, 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  Experimental Biology 2010, EB
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Anaheim, CA, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-04-24 to 2010-04-28
ISSN
  0892-6638
BOOK PUBLISHER
  FASEB
ABSTRACT
  Integrated medical curricula pose a challenge to teaching pharmacology 
effectively. This contributes to a significant educational deficit, since 
insufficient drug knowledge is a key factor in major drug-related public 
health problems. Adverse drug-related events (ADRs) are estimated to be the 
5th leading cause of in-patient deaths in the U.S. Drug overdose is the 2nd 
leading cause of accidental death and is also a common method of suicide. 
These public health problems indicate the need for improved physician 
knowledge of drug toxicities and ADRs and emphasize the value of education 
on pharmacovigilance, which is defined as the epidemiologic study of 
drug-related adverse events. Pharmacovigilance has lacked emphasis in U.S. 
Medical Schools where the term is unrecognized, although ADRs, toxicity, and 
drug interactions are covered. The integrated 2nd year medical curriculum at 
SIUSM emphasizes the learning of pharmacology stressing pharmacovigilance. 
This involves presenting the ABCs of Pharmacology (A: pharmacodynamics; B: 
pharmacokinetics; and C: pharmacovigilance) and includes web-based 
instructional modules (WIMs) that list objectives and resources on 84 drug 
classes, referencing textbooks that emphasize pharmacovigilance (1) and 
parallel national pharmacology knowledge objectives.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  drug surveillance program
  pharmacology
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accidental death
  book
  death
  drug interaction
  drug overdose
  drug toxicity
  education
  epidemiology
  hospital patient
  human
  learning
  medical school
  pharmacodynamics
  pharmacokinetics
  physician
  public health problem
  suicide
  toxicity
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 610
TITLE
  Adverse drug reactions: Experimental studies on metabolic-mediated toxicity
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mitcheva M.
  Vitcheva V.
  Kondeva-Burdina M.
  Simeonova-Vitanska R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mitcheva M.; Vitcheva V.; Kondeva-Burdina M.; Simeonova-Vitanska R.) 
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., Sofia, Bulgaria.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Mitcheva, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, 
Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., Sofia, 
Bulgaria.
SOURCE
  Autonomic and Autacoid Pharmacology (2010) 30:2 (117-120). Date of 
Publication: April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  6th National Congress of Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Varna, Bulgaria
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-10-01 to 2009-10-04
ISSN
  1474-8665
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  The used terminology of this area contains many different terms, which 
described an Undesired Reaction, Adverse Drug Reaction, Adverse Event, 
Adverse Effects and Side Effects. The common definition of Adverse Drug 
Reaction is: a response to a drug, which is noxious and unintended and which 
occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy 
of diseases or the modification of physiological function. The importance of 
adverse drug reaction (ADR) is often underestimated. It is very important to 
understand the role of metabolism of drug toxicity and ADR. Different 
authors classify these effects in various ways. Along WHO, ADR are 
classified into 6 types: dose-related (Augmented); non-dose related 
(Bizarre); dose- and time-related (Chronic); time-related (Delayed); 
withdraw (End of use); failure of therapy (Failure). It is very convenient 
to resolve all drug adverse effects as either reversible (Type A) or 
irreversible (Type B). Type A ADR is reversible but not related with 
toxicity. These effects can be caused by intensification of pharmacodynamic 
effect. These effects, also known generally as 'side effects', are mostly an 
augmentation of the 'main effects' and are to be cause of more than 80% of 
patients, problems with drug therapy. If the drug is interacting reversible, 
it cannot 'damage' a tissue, it has not changed its structure or its 
functions irreversibly. Reversible ADR can be received during the metabolism 
of any given drug. It is possible that one or other of metabolites may 
disrupt cellular function in a way that is unrelated to the pharmacological 
effect of the drug, but the disruption is reversible and predictable. Type B 
ADR are irreversible effects. The drug must somehow change cellular 
structure. This can happen if the drug can form and unstable and reactive 
toxic metabolite, which can react covalently with the cellular structures. A 
variety of therapeutic drugs can undergo biotransformation via Phase I and 
Phase II enzymes to reactive metabolites, which have reactivity toward to 
proteins and cause potential toxicity. Factors, predisposing to ADR include: 
dose, pharmaceutical variation in drug formulation, kinetic and dynamics 
abnormalities and drug-drug interactions (DDI). DDI occurs when therapeutic 
agent either alters the concentration (pharmacokinetics interactions) or the 
biological effect of another agent (pharmacodynamic interactions). 
Pharmacokinetics DDI can occur at the level of absorption, distribution or 
clearance of the affected agent. Many drugs are eliminated by metabolism. 
The microsomal reactions involved cytochrome P450 family of enzymes (CYPs), 
of which a few are responsible of the majority of metabolic reactions, 
involving drugs. This includes the isoforms: CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19 (15%), 2D6 
(20%), 3A4 (50%) Venkatakrishnan K et al., 2001). The cytochrome P450 family 
of hememonooxygenases comprises the most important group of Phase I enzymes. 
Many drug interactions are result of inhibition or induction of CYP's 
enzymes. For that in particular at the level on the liver metabolizing 
system, DDI can result both in toxicity or loss of efficacy. Drug metabolism 
can be a key determinant of drug toxicity. A non-toxic parent drug may be 
transformed by drug metabolizing enzymes to toxic metabolites (metabolic 
activation, bioactivation). Conversely a toxic drug may be transformed to 
non-toxic metabolites (detoxication). A clear understanding of the role of 
drug metabolism in toxicity can add the identification of risk factors that 
may potentiate drug toxicity and may provide key information for the 
evelopment of safe drugs. Our scientific studies included a group of 
medicines and prospective bioactive substances (BAS), from natural and 
synthetic origin, with a certain pharmacological activity and proved or 
supposed hepatic biotransformation. The compounds have been investigated for 
cytotoxicity and in some cases for antioxidant and protective effect. These 
studies were performed in cellular and sub cellular models of toxicity, both 
in vitro and in vivo. The effects of the examined compounds have been 
compared to the effects of referent compounds. Elucidating of these effects 
might contribute to enrichment of their characteristics, linked to their 
metabolism and to prevent possible metabolic interactions. These experiments 
are part of the pre-clinical studies of novel compounds. In many cases they 
could explain some of the future serious clinical problems, as well as to 
elucidate the main causes for the failure of certain molecules, as 
candidate-drug. The experimental systems, mostly used for investigating drug 
metabolism, cytotoxicity and DDI, are liver microsomes and isolated 
hepatocytes. Isolated hepatocytes have been widely employed for studying the 
biotransformation of chemicals, their cytotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, 
including their mechanisms. The most important parameters that assessed the 
functional-metabolic status of the hepatocytes, recommended and implemented 
by ECVAM are: cell viability; activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) - in 
cases, when the membrane integrity is affected; level of cell glutathione 
(GSH) and quantity of malondialdehyde (MDA). The alteration in the cells at 
different level, as a result of biotransformation and/ or bioactivation of 
the examined compounds, is evaluated by the changes in the level of reduced 
glutathione - the most important factor of the cell's defence. At the same 
time, malondialdehyde is determined as a biomarker of the process of lipid 
peroxidation. This compound is a reactive ldehyde and is one of the many 
reactive electrophile species that cause toxic stress in cells and form 
covalent protein adducts. Along with these parameters, in our studies, the 
quantity of cytochrome P 450, the activity of some drug metabolising 
enzymes, as well as changes in mitochondrial potential, levels of Ca(2+) and 
ROS, were measured, under the influence of the some perspective compounds. 
In view of the expected protective properties of some of the tested BAS by 
natural origin, their effects were studied on appropriate experimental 
models of toxicity, provoked by different agents - CCl(4), chlorpromazine, 
metoprolol, paracetamol, t-BuOOH, which possess different toxic properties. 
On the basis of a part of our results, we could formulate the following 
conclusions (Mitcheva, 2008): 14 derivatives of benzimidasole, with a 
putative hepatic metabolism, have been screened for hepatotoxicity. Four of 
them, with antihelmint activity, similar with those of Albendazole and less 
toxicity, have been selected (Mavrova et al. 2005; Mavrova et al. 2006). 5 
benzophenones and Gentisein, isolated from Hypericum annulatum, have been 
characterized in vitro. For three of the compunds, a cytoprotective and 
antioxidant effects, studied in models of cytochrome P 450 mediated toxicity 
- CCl(4), chlorpromazine, metoprolol - were observed (Mitcheva et al., 
2006). These effects were similar to the effects of silymarin, a well known 
hepatoprotector and antioxidant. The selected compounds have been tested in 
Chang Liver cells, where they changed parameters linked to the mitochondrial 
function. These results correlate with the studies of Prabhakar et al. 
(2006) that discuss proapoptotic activity of some synthetic analogues of 
benzophenones. Studies of BAS, with known pharmacological activity 
Diosgenin, isolated from Asparagus officinalis Diosgenin is a steroidal 
saponin, with an established pharmacological activity, mainly 
antihypercholesterolemic.Using a model of lipid peroxidation (LPO) - 
enzyme-induced and non-enzyme-induced, our studies proved an antioxidant 
effect of Diosgenin, similar to the effect of the scavenger promethazine. We 
discussed a possible membrane stabilizing effect of the compound. On a 
cellular level, in isolated rat hepatocytes, in a model of cytochrome P 
450-mediated toxicity - CCl(4), chlorpromazine, metoprolol, and in a model 
of oxidative stress - t-BuOOH, diosgenin exerted cytoprotective effects, 
similar to those of silymarin. In Chang liver cells, diosgenin showed 
pro-apoptotic effect, however ROS levels remained unchanged. In vivo, after 
multiple administrations, diosgenin acted as a CYP inducer, similar to 
phenobarbital. The results from the Western blot analysis, showed that 
diosgenin caused an expression of CYP 3A, similar to those, caused by 
henobarbital. On the basis of our results, we suggest that the 
antihypercholesterolemic activity of diosgenin might be due to its influence 
on cholesterol metabolism and kinetics in the hepatocyte. - Studies on some 
psychoactive compounds, undergo hepatic biotransformation Besides the 
potential risk of tolerance and dependence developing, multiple 
administrations of psychoactive compounds are associated with neurotoxicity 
and hepatocellular damage. The majority of the psychoactive substances 
undergo extensive hepatic biotransformation, mediated by cytochrome P450, to 
active and reactive metabolites. The metabolism of morphine, cocaine and 
amphetamine is mediated mainly by CYP3A and CYP2D6 (Sun L&Lau CE, 2001; 
Projean D et al. 2003; Carvalho F et al., 1996). Preincubation of the 
hepatocytes with inhibitor of CYP3A - amiodaron, and inhibitor of CYP 2B - 
chloramphenicol, resulted in reduction of cocaine epatotoxicity in vitro. 
These data suggest an involvement of cocaine's metabolism in its toxicity. 
In vitro, amphetamine was cytotoxic, which was diminished after 
preincubation with inhibitors of its biotransformation - quinidine, 
inhibitor of CYP2D and amiodarone, inhibitor of CYP3A. On the basis of this 
study we suggested the involvement of CYP3A in amphetamine hepatotoxicity 
(Vitcheva et al., 2009). The involvement of CYP3A in metabolism of morphine, 
cocaine and amphetamine, implies possible metabolic interactions with other 
substrates, inducers or inhibitors of this isoform that might lead to 
changes in their metabolism and toxicity. Ca-channel blockers, such as 
nifedipine, have been reported to modulate tolerance and dependence 
development. At the same time, Nifedipine is known to be a substrate and an 
inducer of some isoforms of cytochrome P450, including CYP3A (Drocourt et 
al. 2001). After multiple administrations, Cocaine in vivo changed some 
parameters of drug metabolism and toxicity. In combination with nifedipine, 
cocaine could not exert its own effect on the drug-metabolizing enzymes. 
Since both cocaine and nifedipine are substrates of one and the same isoform 
CYP3A, these results are probably due to a metabolic interaction between the 
compounds (Vitcheva &Mitcheva, 2007). Multiple co-administrations of 
nifedipine and amphetamine resulted in changes in some parameters of drug 
metabolism that differed from those observed after their administration 
alone. Regarding the metabolic pathways of amphetamine and nifedipine, we 
suggest a metabolic interaction, involving several cytochrome P450 isoforms. 
Our results show that morphine and nifedipine, per se, increased the 
activity of drug metabolizing enzyme systems, while their co-administration 
resulted in reduction of values of the examined parameters (Vitcheva 
&Mitcheva, 2004). Regarding the metabolic pathways, namely N-demethylation, 
of both compounds, these results might be due to a possible metabolic 
interaction of the two drugs. At the same time it is important to note that 
among the rats, which morphine and Nifedipine were co-administered, an 
increased toxicity, manifested by respiratory depression, cyanosis and even 
death (4/7), was observed. In vivo interaction on the metabolic level 
Interactions of paracetamol The hepatotoxic agent naphthalene undergoes 
metabolic activation to diol-epoxides - reactive intermediate metabolites 
responsible for a toxic stress in the cell. As a result of our study, based 
on the investigation of Paracetamol and naphthalene interaction, we found 
out that co-administration of Paracetamol and naphthalene, resulted in 
decreased naphthalene toxicity. This effect is probably due to a competition 
for one isoform of cytochrome P 450. Multiple co-administration of 
grapefruit juice and paracetamol, led to changes in some parameters, 
connected with drug metabolism, compared to their application alone. These 
changes correlate with the observed increased plasma level of paracetamol. 
Conclusions The results obtained, confirmed that it is necessary to know of 
the possible interactions between different compounds that are substrates 
and/or inhibitors of one particular cytochrome P450 isoform, with a view to 
prevent adverse drug-drug interactions, which can have serious clinical 
consequences, as well as to avoid the discontinuation of needed 
pharmacotherapy. In vitro based experimental systems used in combination 
with in vivo animal system, represent the best approach to assess this 
important drug properties before clinical rials. Acknowledgements This work 
was supported in part by Grants from The Medical Science Committee (Medical 
University, Sofia). The natural biological active substances were kindly 
provided by Prof. St. Nikolov, Assoc. Prof. G. Kitanov, Assoc. Prof. I. 
Krasteva, and Assist. Prof. P. Nedialkov, Department of Pharmacognosy and 
Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofia.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  albendazole
  amiodarone
  amphetamine
  antioxidant
  benzophenone derivative
  biological marker
  calcium channel
  carbon tetrachloride
  chloramphenicol
  chlorpromazine
  cocaine
  cytochrome
  cytochrome P450
  cytochrome P450 2B
  cytochrome P450 3A
  diosgenin
  drug metabolizing enzyme
  electrophile
  enzyme
  epoxide
  glutathione
  lactate dehydrogenase
  malonaldehyde
  metoprolol
  morphine
  n demethylase
  naphthalene
  nifedipine
  paracetamol
  phenobarbital
  promethazine
  protein
  quinidine
  saponin
  scavenger
  silymarin
  toxin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  experimental study
  pharmacology
  toxicity
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  absorption
  asparagus
  biotransformation
  blood level
  cell function
  cell structure
  cell viability
  cholesterol metabolism
  clinical study
  competition
  concentration (parameters)
  cyanosis
  cytotoxicity
  death
  detoxification
  diagnosis
  drug formulation
  drug interaction
  drug metabolism
  drug therapy
  drug toxicity
  dynamics
  experimental model
  grapefruit juice
  Hypericum
  in vitro study
  kinetics
  lipid peroxidation
  liver
  liver cell
  liver cell damage
  liver microsome
  liver toxicity
  male
  medicine
  membrane
  metabolic activation
  metabolism
  metabolite
  model
  neurotoxicity
  oxidative stress
  parent
  patient
  pharmacognosy
  pharmacokinetics
  pharmacy
  physiology
  prophylaxis
  rat
  respiration depression
  risk
  risk factor
  side effect
  species
  therapy
  tissues
  university
  Western blotting
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2010.00454.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 611
TITLE
  Adverse drug reactions and personalized medicine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Yanev S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Yanev S.) Department of Drug Toxicology, Institute of Neurobiology, BAS, 
Sofia, Bulgaria.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Yanev, Department of Drug Toxicology, Institute of Neurobiology, BAS, 
Sofia, Bulgaria.
SOURCE
  Autonomic and Autacoid Pharmacology (2010) 30:2 (158-161). Date of 
Publication: April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  6th National Congress of Pharmacology
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Varna, Bulgaria
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-10-01 to 2009-10-04
ISSN
  1474-8665
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Introduction Adverse drug reactions (ADR) can be defined as, “an unwanted or 
harmful reaction experienced following administration of a drug, or 
combination of drugs, under normal conditions of use and is suspected as 
being related to the drug (or combination)”. In general they can be divide 
into two main groups: type A (predictable, linked to the main 
pharmacological effect) and type B (unpredictable, idiosyncratic, 
non-connected with the main pharmacological effect (Table 1). (Table 
presented) We can further divide ADR in type C (associated with long-term 
use, involves dose accumulation; example: phenacetin and interstitial 
nephritis); type D (delayed effects like carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, 
dose independent; example: fetal hydantoin syndrome); type E (withdrawal 
reactions); type F (failure of therapy). The current classification is 
defined only by properties of the drug - its known pharmacology and the dose 
dependence of its effects. A modern view of development of ADR also includes 
properties of the reaction (the time course of its appearance and its 
severity) and properties of the individual (the genetic, pathological, and 
other biological differences that confer susceptibility). That is the three 
dimensional classification system based on dose relatedness, timing, and 
patient susceptibility (DoTS) proposed by J.K.Aronson and R.E.Ferner (BMJ, 
2003, 327, 1222-1225). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) often arise because of 
the formation of metabolic intermediates. Our knowledge of the drug 
metabolizing systems showed that they have a high level of genetic 
variation. When those variations are present in individuals taking more than 
one drug the chance of having an adverse drug reaction is greatly increased. 
In this presentation, the mechanisms of some adverse drug reactions are 
described based on different genoand phenotype of drug metabolizing systems 
and pharmacological targets (enzymes and receptors). Discussion In general, 
we can divide drugs in two groups, depending of the way by which the 
reactive metabolites induced ADRs - those of which possessed intrinsic 
toxicity and those induced metabolic idiosyncrasy. The first group induced 
impairment of cellular metabolism and calcium homeostasis; oxidative stress 
and lipid peroxidation; bind covalently to different cellular 
macromolecules; developed cell apoptosis and necrosis. Many factors, 
including genetic, environmental, in uterus exposure, life style, diet, 
drugs and eating habits leave a“metabolic signature” and contribute to 
a“metabolic fingerprint map” unique for each individual organism. This fact 
could explain why after the same drug dose two different persons react 
different, with development of ADR or some times of drug failure. I. Genetic 
polymorphism, drug metabolism and ADR (type A) From the top 27 drugs 
frequently cited in ADR reports 59% (16/27) metabolized by at least one 
enzyme having poor metabolizer (PM) genotype and 38% of them are (11/27) 
metabolized by CYP 2D6 Here are some examples of drugs metabolized by 
enzymes with variant alleles associated with poor metabolism and implicated 
in different ADRs: CYP1A2 (typical antipsychotics and tardive dyskinesia); 
CYP2C9 (Warfarin /haemorrhage/, Tolbutamide /hypoglycaemia/, Phenytoin /skin 
toxicity/); CYP2C19 (Mephenytoin /neurotoxicity/, Diazepam /prolonged 
sedation/); Omeprazole and Lansoprazole /higher therapeutic response/. 
CYP2D6 (Antiarrhythmics /arrhythmias/, β-Blockers /bradycardia/, Tricyclic 
antidepressants /confusion/, Opioids /protection from oral opiate 
dependence/, Phenformin /lactic acidosis/, Perhexilene /hepatotoxicity/); 
codeine /poor analgesic efficacy/; tramadol /poor analgesic efficacy/. 
CYP3A4 (Anti-leukaemic agents /treatment-related leukaemia/); plasma 
butyrylcholinesterase (Succinylcholine /prolonged apnoea/); 
N-acetyltransferase (Sulfonamides /hypersensitivity/, Amonafide 
/myelotoxicity/, Procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid /lupus/); thiopurine 
methyltransferase (6-Mercaptopurine, azathioprine /myelotoxicity/); 
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (5-Fluorouracil /myelotoxicity/); UDP 
glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (Irinotecan /diarrhoea, myelosuppresion/). 
Increased risk of toxicity or failure to response can be found in patients 
with extensive expression (EM) of CYP 2D6 as: codeine (morphine toxicity); 
encainide (possibly proarrhythmias) nortriptyline (poor antidepressant 
efficacy at normal doses); propafenone (poor antiarrhythmic efficacy at 
normal doses); tropisetron and ondansetron (poor antiemetic efficacy at 
normal doses) In some cases, the appearance of selective organ toxicity by 
some drugs can be explained by their metabolic activation to reactive, toxic 
metabolite (s): paracetamol (liver and kidney toxicity) amiodarone (o2, lung 
and skin toxicity) valproic acid (reye-like syndrome) isoniazid 
(polyneuritis) furosemid (pancreatitis) nitrofurantoin (lung toxicity) 
cimetidine (liver toxicity) diclofenac (liver toxicity) ranitidine (liver 
toxicity) II. Genetic polymorphism of therapeutic target - enzyme or 
receptors There are many examples of genetically determined different 
pharmacodynamic response or ADR due to defective pharmacological target 
(enzyme) as: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency - hemolytic anemia 
after antimalaric drugs; Thiopurin S-methyltransferase deficiency - toxic 
effects after azathioprine in treatment of leukemia and autoimmune diseases; 
ALOX-5 (5-lipoxygenase) - asthmatic patients who carry mutations of the core 
promoter of 5- lipoxygenase (ALOX-5) respond poorly to ALOX-5 inhibitors 
such as Zileuton; ACE - ACEDD-genotype has two times higher maximal velocity 
and 1.5 higher concentration in the body compared with the wild 
ACEII-genotype, thus lead to dramatic differences in therapeutic effects of 
ACEinhibitors. There are many ADR or therapeutic failure due to defective 
pharmacological target (receptors) as: Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene is 
reportedly a determinant of response to fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin 
re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI); Arg16/Gly16 or Gly16/Gly16 variants of 
b2-adrenoceptors have been display a much less favourable immediate 
bronchodilatory response to salbutamol; Patients with homozygote mutation 
Gly17Arg of beta-2 adrenoreceptor exerted increased asthmatic outburst after 
treatment with“normal” doses of albuterol; Mutation of Apolipoprotein E 
(ApoE4) gene leads to decreased response to tacrin in treatment of Alzheimer 
disease; P-glycoprotein (MDR) mutation - abolished the effectiveness of 
alkylating chemotherapeutics because of their increased excretion out of 
cancer cells; Patients with Ryanodine receptors mutation in skeletal muscles 
are exposed to malignant hypothermia after anesthesia with halothane; Single 
point mutation in serotonin receptor leads to great variability in 
effectiveness of sumatriptan. III. Immune-mediated drug toxicity (ADR type 
B) Requirement for development of the immune response to certain drug is 
appropriate hapten formation in the body through: 1. Direct haptenization 
(penicillin, penicillamine, captopril) The clinical sings of most common 
hypersensitivity reaction to drugs are: Anaphylaxis - type I reaction after 
betalactame antibiotics, NSAID, sulfonamides; Hemolytic anemia - penicillin, 
cephalosporin, methyl-DOPA, nomifensin; Agranulocytosis - aminopyrin, 
levamizol, captopril, mianserin, propylthiouracil, peniccilin-G, 
sulfasalazin, sulphmetoxazol); Skin reacions - trimetoprim, anticonvulsants, 
cephalosporin, penicillin). 2. On the other hand, there are many drugs known 
to cause immune-mediated toxicity, which undergo bioactivation by different 
cytochrome p450 isoforms. Most of them are mechanism-based inactivators, 
which reactive metabolites covalently bind to the corresponding CYP protein. 
By still not fully understand mechanism, organism develops antibodies 
against this complex. The consequence of this is the appearance of different 
immune mediated organ toxicities, like: hepatotoxicity (dihydralazine 
/CYP1A2/, halothane and ethanol /CYP2E1/, phenytoin /CYP2C9/, tienilic acid 
/CYP2C9/, sulphamethoxazole and carbamazepine /CYP3A4, CYP2C9/; skin 
toxicity (sulphamethoxazole, carbamazepine, phenytoin). 3. Metabolism of 
drugs by activated leukocytes (NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase) leads to: 
skin reactions; agranulocytosis (lupus) - sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, 
propylthiouracil, levamisole, ticlopidine, clozapine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 
procainamide, mianserin. Conclusion The main goal of contemporary 
personalized medicine is to find the right dose of the right drug for the 
right indication for the right patient at the right time. This approach 
should decrease drastically in the future the incidences of adverse drug 
reactions. A broad spectrum of our society could contribute for the success 
of this goal. The important role of different participants in drug synthesis 
and usage to decrease the incidences of ADRs could be described as follows: 
Producers - to perform directed synthesis of new compounds; Scientists - to 
find new markers for testing gene and phenotype polymorphism and adverse 
drug reactions; Teachers - to train knowledgeable clinical pharmacologists 
and pharmacists; Centrum for ADR - to do better analysis of the signals for 
ADR and spreading of the information; Physicians and pharmacists - to 
achieve individualization of the pharmacotherapy; Patients - to have better 
information and less self-medication.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acyltransferase
  alcohol
  aminophenazone
  amiodarone
  amonafide
  analgesic agent
  antiarrhythmic agent
  antibiotic agent
  antibody
  anticonvulsive agent
  antidepressant agent
  antiemetic agent
  apolipoprotein E
  arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase
  azathioprine
  beta 2 adrenergic receptor
  captopril
  carbamazepine
  cephalosporin
  cholinesterase
  cimetidine
  clozapine
  codeine
  cytochrome
  cytochrome P450
  dapsone
  diazepam
  diclofenac
  dihydralazine
  dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
  DOPA
  encainide
  enzyme
  fluorouracil
  fluvoxamine
  furosemide
  glucuronosyltransferase
  halothane
  hapten
  hydralazine
  irinotecan
  isoniazid
  lansoprazole
  levamisole
  lipoxygenase
  marker
  mephenytoin
  mercaptopurine
  mesalazine
  methyldopa
  methyltransferase
  mianserin
  morphine
  multidrug resistance protein
  myeloperoxidase
  neuroleptic agent
  nitrofurantoin
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
  nortriptyline
  omeprazole
  ondansetron
  opiate
  paracetamol
  penicillamine
  penicillin G
  phenacetin
  phenformin
  phenytoin
  procainamide
  propafenone
  propylthiouracil
  protein
  ranitidine
  receptor
  reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
  ryanodine receptor
  salbutamol
  serotonin
  serotonin receptor
  serotonin transporter
  sulfamethoxazole
  sulfonamide
  sumatriptan
  suxamethonium
  thiopurine methyltransferase
  ticlopidine
  tienilic acid
  tolbutamide
  toxin
  tramadol
  tricyclic antidepressant agent
  trimethoprim
  tropisetron
  uridine diphosphate
  valproic acid
  warfarin
  zileuton
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  pharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agranulocytosis
  allele
  allergic reaction
  Alzheimer disease
  anaphylaxis
  anesthesia
  apoptosis
  asthma
  autoimmune disease
  calcium homeostasis
  cancer cell
  carcinogenicity
  cell metabolism
  chemotherapy
  classification
  diarrhea
  diet
  dose response
  drug dose
  drug metabolism
  drug synthesis
  drug therapy
  drug toxicity
  eating habit
  excretion
  exposure
  fetal hydantoin syndrome
  finger dermatoglyphics
  gene
  genetic polymorphism
  genetic variability
  genotype
  glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
  hemolytic anemia
  homozygote
  hypothermia
  immune response
  individualization
  interstitial nephritis
  leukemia
  leukocyte
  lifestyle
  lipid peroxidation
  liver
  liver toxicity
  lung
  lung toxicity
  macromolecule
  metabolic activation
  metabolism
  metabolite
  mutation
  necrosis
  nephrotoxicity
  neuritis
  organisms
  oxidative stress
  pancreatitis
  patient
  pharmacist
  phenotype
  physician
  plasma
  point mutation
  promoter region
  protection
  risk
  scientist
  self medication
  skeletal muscle
  skin
  skin manifestation
  skin toxicity
  society
  synthesis
  tardive dyskinesia
  teacher
  teratogenicity
  therapy
  therapy effect
  toxicity
  uterus
  velocity
  withdrawal reflex
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2010.00454.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 612
TITLE
  Malaysian pharmacy students' assessment of an objective structured clinical 
examination (OSCE).
AUTHOR NAMES
  Awaisu A.
  Abd Rahman N.S.
  Nik Mohamed M.H.
  Bux Rahman Bux S.H.
  Mohamed Nazar N.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Awaisu A.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
(Abd Rahman N.S.; Nik Mohamed M.H.; Bux Rahman Bux S.H.; Mohamed Nazar N.I.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Awaisu, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. Email: 
pharmahmed@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2010) 74:2 (34). Date of 
Publication: 10 Mar 2010
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To implement and determine the effectiveness of an objective 
structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess fourth-year pharmacy 
students' skills in a clinical pharmacy course. DESIGN: A 13-station OSCE 
was designed and implemented in the 2007-2008 academic year as part of the 
assessment methods for a clinical pharmacy course. The broad competencies 
tested in the OSCE included: patient counseling and communication, clinical 
pharmacokinetics (CPK), identification and resolution of drug-related 
problems (DRPs), and literature evaluation/drug information provision. 
ASSESSMENT: Immediately after all students completed the OSCE, a 
questionnaire containing items on the clarity of written instructions, 
difficulty of the tasks, perceived degree of learning gained and needed, and 
the suitability of the references or literature resources provided was 
administered. More than 70% of the students felt that a higher degree of 
learning was needed to accomplish the tasks at the 2 DRP stations and 2 CPK 
stations and the majority felt the written instructions provided at the 
phenytoin CPK station were difficult to understand. Although about 60% of 
the students rated OSCE as a difficult form of assessment, 75% said it 
should be used more and 81% perceived they learned a lot from it. 
CONCLUSION: Although most students felt that the OSCE accurately assessed 
their skills, a majority felt the tasks required in some stations required a 
higher degree of learning than they had achieved. This may indicate 
deficiencies in the students' learning abilities, the course curriculum, or 
the OSCE station design. Future efforts should include providing clearer 
instructions at OSCE stations and balancing the complexity of the 
competencies assessed.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  prescription drug (adverse drug reaction, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical competence
  education
  health care quality
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  drug labeling
  female
  human
  interpersonal communication
  Malaysia
  male
  methodology
  patient education
  perception
  psychological aspect
  questionnaire
  task performance
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  20414449 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414449)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 613
TITLE
  A survey of pharmacy students' experiences with gambling.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Elsasser G.N.
  Kavan M.G.
  Westerman G.H.
  Destache C.J.
  Sexson E.
  Turner P.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Elsasser G.N.) Creighton University Schools of Pharmacy and Health 
Professions and Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Hixon-Lied Bldg Room 123, 
Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
(Kavan M.G.; Westerman G.H.; Destache C.J.; Sexson E.; Turner P.D.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.N. Elsasser, Creighton University Schools of Pharmacy and Health 
Professions and Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Hixon-Lied Bldg Room 123, 
Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA. Email: elsasser@creighton.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2010) 74:2 (26). Date of 
Publication: 10 Mar 2010
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To assess gambling among pharmacy students using the South Oaks 
Gambling Screen (SOGS). METHODS: Six hundred fifty-eight pharmacy students 
enrolled at Creighton University were surveyed to determine the extent and 
characteristics of their gambling. RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-eight 
students (74.2%) participated (mean age was 26.6 years and 63.4% were 
female). Almost two-thirds (63.1%) gambled at least once during the past 12 
months. Slightly more than 16% (80) of students were identified as "at-risk" 
(SOGS scores of 1 to 2). Another 5% (24) were likely to be problem gamblers 
(SOGS scores of 3 to 4), while 1% of students were identified as probable 
pathological gamblers (SOGS scores > or = 5). Students who gambled were 
significantly more likely than non-gamblers to be single males. Gamblers 
with a score > or = 1were significantly more likely to report gambling had 
affected their relationships with others, compared to casual gamblers. 
CONCLUSIONS: Gambling is a common activity among pharmacy students. While 
the incidence of problem gambling is relatively small, the percentage of our 
students who may be at-risk for gambling-related problems is noteworthy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  impulse control disorder (epidemiology, prevention)
  pathological gambling
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cannabis smoking (epidemiology)
  comparative study
  drinking behavior (epidemiology)
  economics
  female
  hospitalization
  human
  human relation
  incidence
  male
  marriage
  mass screening
  psychological aspect
  sex difference
  smoking (epidemiology)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  20414439 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414439)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 614
TITLE
  The abuse potential of propofol
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wilson C.
  Canning P.
  Caravati E.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wilson C.; Canning P.; Caravati E.M., martin.caravati@hsc.utah.edu) 
Division of Emergency Medicine, Utah Poison Control Center, University of 
Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. M. Caravati, 585 Komas Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States. 
Email: martin.caravati@hsc.utah.edu
SOURCE
  Clinical Toxicology (2010) 48:3 (165-170). Date of Publication: March 2010
ISSN
  1556-3650
  1556-9519 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Informa Healthcare, 69-77 Paul Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Context. Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic prescription medication that is 
widely used in anesthesia, long-term sedation, and conscious sedation. It is 
short acting, effective, and, when used appropriately, safe. It is not a 
controlled substance by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, suggesting 
that it has little potential for abuse. The objective of this review was to 
evaluate the evidence for the abuse potential of propofol. Methods. A 
systematic review of the medical literature was performed using the search 
terms: propofol, Diprivan, abuse, addiction, tolerance, misuse, and 
withdrawal. Six online literature citation databases and relevant 
bibliographies were searched for articles. Results. Seventy-two articles 
were identified for review and 45 were relevant to the topic. These articles 
described propofol's biochemical and pharmacokinetic mechanisms of action 
that lend themselves to its abuse, propofol's physical and psychological 
effects that make it alluring as a recreational drug, the current evidence 
supporting the possibility of tolerance to and withdrawal from propofol, the 
risk involved in recreational propofol use, and the evidence supporting 
current abuse of this medication. We found evidence to support propofol's 
abuse potential from a pharmacological and experiential standpoint with 
multiple reports describing tolerance, dependence, withdrawal phenomena, 
abuse, and death from recreational use. Conclusions. Propofol has alluring 
and addictive properties that lend itself to potential recreational abuse 
and dependence. We recommend that the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration 
and other international agencies should consider regulating propofol as a 
controlled substance. Copyright © Informa UK, Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  propofol (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug comparison, drug 
concentration, drug therapy, drug toxicity, intravenous drug administration, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 aminobutyric acid receptor
  alcohol
  barbituric acid derivative
  benzodiazepine derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison)
  fospropofol
  gabapentin
  midazolam (drug comparison)
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor
  opiate
  recreational drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anticonvulsant activity
  anxiety
  arousal
  artificial ventilation
  biochemistry
  Brugada syndrome (side effect)
  clinical trial
  data base
  death
  depression (drug therapy)
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  diaphoresis
  drug dependence
  drug distribution
  drug dose increase
  drug effect
  drug fatality (side effect)
  drug induced disease (side effect)
  drug metabolism
  drug misuse
  drug tolerance
  drug withdrawal
  general anesthesia
  headache (drug therapy)
  human
  loading drug dose
  muscle toxicity (side effect)
  muscle toxicity (side effect)
  nonhuman
  psychomotor disorder (side effect)
  publication
  restlessness (side effect)
  review
  risk
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  sleep time
  systematic review
  tachycardia (side effect)
  tonic clonic seizure (side effect)
  tremor (side effect)
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  diprivan
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  fospropofol (258516-87-9, 258516-89-1)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
  midazolam (59467-70-8)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  propofol (2078-54-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010240322
MEDLINE PMID
  20397799 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20397799)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563651003757954
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 615
TITLE
  Hypertension care in a community pharmacy: Education, monitoring, and 
medication management by pharmacists to improve blood pressure control
AUTHOR NAMES
  Walker C.
  Gagne B.
  Timmons J.
  Sperle D.
  Rodis J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Walker C.; Gagne B., blgagne@gmail.com; Timmons J.) Kroger Pharmacy, United 
States.
(Sperle D.) Cass Lake Indian Health Service Hospital, United States.
(Rodis J.) Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Walker, Kroger Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (278-279). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To design and implement a hypertension management program for a 
high-volume community pharmacy that fits within the dispensing workflow, 
enhances care provided to patients with hypertension, and strengthens the 
patient-physician-pharmacist relationship. Methods: Three students in 
conjunction with their pharmacist preceptor undertook an evaluation of a 
high-volume grocery store chain community pharmacy as part of a longitudinal 
community pharmacy rotation. A program that integrates a hypertension 
management encounter into the patient's monthly visit to the pharmacy to 
pick up their prescription refills was developed. For each month of the 
6-month program, enrolled patients are invited to sit with a pharmacist for 
a brief consultation that includes a manual blood pressure reading, a 
conversation about an educational topic related to blood pressure, and a 
discussion on any medication-related issues. Blood glucose and cholesterol 
screenings are offered to enrolled patients as an added service. After each 
visit, the pharmacist consults with the patient's physician regarding 
screening results and medication-related problems. Outcomes to assess the 
impact of the service include average change in blood pressure, percentage 
of patients achieving blood pressure goal, number of recommendations to 
physicians that result in therapy changes, number of drug-related problems 
identified through pharmacist intervention, and number of referrals from 
doctors. The service was developed between September 2008 and May 2009, with 
patient enrollment beginning in May 2009. Results: NA (research in 
progress). Conclusion: NA (research in progress).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cholesterol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  blood pressure regulation
  community
  drug therapy
  education
  hypertension
  monitoring
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood pressure
  book
  consultation
  conversation
  glucose blood level
  human
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  prescription
  reading
  screening
  student
  therapy
  workflow
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 616
TITLE
  Syringe exchange programs: Impact on injection drug users and the role of 
the pharmacist from a U.S. perspective.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nacopoulos A.G.
  Lewtas A.J.
  Ousterhout M.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nacopoulos A.G.; Lewtas A.J.; Ousterhout M.M.) Clinical Pharmacy Services, 
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.G. Nacopoulos, Clinical Pharmacy Services, University of Massachusetts 
Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, USA. Email: 
alkiviadis.nacopoulos@umassmed.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2010) 50:2 
(148-157). Date of Publication: 2010 Mar-Apr 1
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To present a summary of the existing literature on syringe 
exchange programs (SEPs) and to discuss the potential role of pharmacists in 
providing support for injection drug users (IDUs) and such programs. DATA 
SOURCES: To identify relevant articles published since 2000, a search of 
PubMed and Medline was conducted using syringe exchange programs and needle 
exchange programs as search terms. A manual review of each article's 
citation list was also conducted. DATA EXTRACTION: By the authors. DATA 
SYNTHESIS: Information is presented in four categories: state and federal 
support of SEPs, characteristics of SEP users, epidemiological studies, and 
social reluctance for SEP support. The information summarized in these 
sections is then used as a foundation for a review of the potential role of 
the pharmacist. CONCLUSION: SEPs have demonstrated a clear effect in 
improving the health outcomes of IDUs by decreasing the transmission of 
blood-borne disease and lowering high-risk injecting behaviors. Despite 
conflicting support for SEPs at both the federal and local levels, 
pharmacists can play a pivotal role in the health of IDUs by providing sound 
medical advice and, in some states, acting as an alternative channel for 
obtaining clean syringes. Efforts should continue to focus on educating 
pharmacists about this role and how their individual actions can benefit the 
health of the entire population.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  preventive health service
  professional standard
  substance abuse (epidemiology)
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug abuse (adverse drug reaction)
  human
  organization and management
  pharmacy
  review
  standard
  statistics
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  20199955 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20199955)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09178
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 617
TITLE
  Development of a clinical pharmacy services provider network for homeless 
patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Moczygemba L.
  Matzke G.
  Gatewood S.
  Alexander A.
  Kennedy A.
  Osborn R.
  Goode J.
  Reynolds-Cane D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Moczygemba L., lrmoczygemba@vcu.edu; Matzke G.; Gatewood S.; Alexander A.; 
Kennedy A.; Goode J.) Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, 
United States.
(Osborn R.; Reynolds-Cane D.) Daily Planet, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Moczygemba, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, United 
States. Email: lrmoczygemba@vcu.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (275-276). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To enhance the continuity of clinical pharmacy services at 
transition points of care through the development of a provider network. 
Methods: The Daily Planet Inc., a Health Care for the Homeless Clinic, and 
the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy (VCU SOP), through 
their collaborative care provision to homeless mental health patients, have 
identified many barriers to optimal medication use. Homeless patients have 
high rates of mental and physical health problems and substance abuse, which 
are exacerbated by living on the streets and in shelters. Also, homeless 
patients often experience transitions of care, such as emergency department 
visits or incarcerations, which may lead to medication errors and gaps in 
medication use for chronic diseases. Disruptions in patients' medication 
regimens decrease medication adherence and can lead to poor health outcomes. 
Therefore, the Daily Planet and VCU SOP providers proposed a plan to enhance 
communication with and the quality of care given by community providers. The 
first step in this process was to create a Clinical Pharmacy Services 
Provider Network (CPSPN) to minimize medication errors and gaps in 
medication use during transitions of care. The CPSPN currently has four 
additional partners, VCU Health System Outpatient Pharmacy, VCU Health 
System Emergency Department, and two community pharmacies, all of whom have 
enthusiastically endorsed the mission to coordinate clinical pharmacy 
services with an initial focus on medication reconciliation. Initial funding 
for this CPSPN initiative has been received from the VCU Council for 
Community Engagement. This pilot project will test the utility of the 
network's foundational electronic tool for coordinating medication 
reconciliation between the Daily Planefr-VCU team and community providers. 
Results: NA (research in progress). Conclusion: NA (research in progress).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  hospital department
  human
  patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  astronomy
  chronic disease
  community
  drug therapy
  emergency ward
  funding
  health
  health care
  hospital
  interpersonal communication
  medication error
  medication therapy management
  mental health
  outpatient
  patient compliance
  pharmacy
  pilot study
  school
  substance abuse
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 618
TITLE
  Expansion of clinical pharmacy services in an underserved population through 
an academic-community partnership
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gatewood S.
  Alexander A.
  Osborn R.
  Kennedy A.
  Goode J.
  Matzke G.
  Reynolds-Cane D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gatewood S., ssgatewood@vcu.edu; Alexander A.; Kennedy A.; Goode J.; Matzke 
G.) Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, United States.
(Osborn R.; Reynolds-Cane D.) Daily Planet, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Gatewood, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, United 
States. Email: ssgatewood@vcu.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (268-269). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To increase (1) resources for the provision of clinical pharmacy 
services and (2) availability and scope of clinical pharmacy services 
provided by an established academic-community partnership. Methods: The 
Daily Planet, Inc., a Federally Qualified Health Care for the Homeless 
Clinic, and Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Pharmacy have 
an established academic-community partnership that has provided 
collaborative care to homeless patients with mental health or substance 
abuse diagnoses since 2006. They were selected to participate in the Health 
Resource Services Administration Patient Safety & Clinical Pharmacy Services 
Collaborative (PSPC), whose aim is “enhancing (patient) lives by achieving 
optimal health outcomes,” in July 2008. PSPC provided a framework for 
improving clinical pharmacy services at the Daily Planet, which included 
resources for the clinical pharmacist and development of new services, such 
as medication adherence interventions, patient education, medication 
reconciliation, and adverse drug event monitoring. Results: The resources at 
the Daily Planet were increased to include clinical pharmacist access to the 
clinic's electronic medical record for documenting pharmacists' 
consultations and a dedicated pharmacist consultation room. A pharmacy 
fellowship was developed in collaboration with the Daily Planet. Clinical 
pharmacy hours increased from 4 hours per week to 30 hours per week, and the 
number of clinical pharmacy service patient visits has increased from 24 
(June 2008) to 141 (August 2009) visits per month. Clinical pharmacy 
services were further expanded to include medication therapy and disease 
state management for both mental health and medical patients. Conclusion: 
The academic-community partnership was key to enhancing resources and 
expanding the availability and scope of clinical pharmacy services. These 
services are now available to all patients at the Daily Planet, Inc.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  community
  hospital department
  population
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  astronomy
  consultation
  diagnosis
  drug therapy
  electronic medical record
  health
  health care
  health care planning
  hospital
  human
  medication therapy management
  mental health
  monitoring
  patient
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient safety
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  school
  substance abuse
  therapy
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 619
TITLE
  Necessary, effective, and affordable therapy (Neat): The impact of student 
pharmacists and preceptors on patient health outcomes
AUTHOR NAMES
  Otremba S.
  Turner P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Otremba S., sotremba@gmail.com; Turner P.) Wayne State University, College 
of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Otremba, Wayne State University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 
United States. Email: sotremba@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (300). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To assess the impact of student pharmacist interventions and 
recommendations on patient health outcomes, including drug-related problems 
(DRPs), disease state knowledge, adherence, lifestyle modifications, and 
medication affordability. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 
MTM-like sessions conducted by P4 student pharmacists and preceptors with 
patients that had multiple disease states and used multiple medications. 
From 2007 to 2009, P4 students, as part of a course requirement, conducted 
medication review sessions with patients at their community experiential 
sites. Sessions included the recording of medication histories and the 
providing of counseling and education. One goal was to increase comfort with 
student pharmacists among patients. Students received orientation at the 
beginning of the general community rotation and were given standardized 
documents to use during sessions with patients. Students identified 
patients' medication compliance through the use of a questionnaire. 
Medication affordability and knowledge, lifestyle attitudes, and disease 
state knowledge were assessed. The P4 student pharmacists identified DRPs 
through the medication history-gathering session and made written 
recommendations to the patient for presentation to the physician. 
Patient-specific data and the results of the counseling sessions were 
recorded and compiled. Results: The student pharmacists obtained a total of 
97 medication histories from patients, 46 of whom had type 2 diabetes. The 
students identified 141 DRPs; provided lifestyle modification counseling in 
139 cases, which included counseling on smoking cessation, diet, and 
exercise; and provided cumulative potential costsavings to the patients of 
$11,339.99. Conclusion: The intervention of student pharmacists and their 
preceptors in MTM-like sessions increased patient knowledge with regard to 
medications, disease states, and the importance of compliance. Student 
pharmacists helped to improve patient health outcomes by identifying and 
eliminating DRPs and they identified significant potential cost-savings for 
the patient.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health
  human
  patient
  pharmacist
  student
  therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  cost control
  counseling
  diabetes mellitus
  diet
  drug therapy
  education
  exercise
  lifestyle
  lifestyle modification
  patient compliance
  physician
  questionnaire
  recording
  smoking cessation
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 620
TITLE
  Project chance: A chance to prevent the complications of smoking
AUTHOR NAMES
  Van Olden E.
  Ray A.
  Manson K.
  Corman S.
  Connor S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Van Olden E.; Ray A.; Manson K.; Corman S., cormsl@upmc.edu; Connor S.) 
University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Ray, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (302-303). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To improve the health of underserved populations by identifying, 
educating, and empowering patients who smoke to utilize available community 
resources and to engage student pharmacists in the care of these patients. 
Methods: Due to the success of our previous project in collaboration with 
the Birmingham clinic, our chapter has decided to expand our project to 
include screening and education about smoking and nicotine dependence. A 
student committee was formed to research community resources, determine ways 
to identify patients with nicotine dependence, coordinate student 
involvement, and develop creative patient education materials. CO monitors 
will be used to describe to patients the extent to which smoking impacts 
their oxygenation. Student volunteers will keep a database of patients who 
they interact with and identify patients that may be candidates for smoking 
cessation therapy. Evaluation methods will include tracking the number of 
patients who smoke, their CO levels, the number of patients referred to the 
Birmingham smoking cessation clinic, the number of patients who attend the 
clinic as a result of referral from the students, the number of patients 
given information on community resources, and the number of student 
pharmacists who participated. A patient questionnaire will be used to 
evaluate satisfaction with the education and resources provided. Students 
will be surveyed to gauge the extent of their learning. Seven students have 
participated in the initial planning of this project. Data collection and 
evaluation will continue through the academic year. Promotion for this 
project will continue through October and November 2009 with patients being 
able to volunteer at the clinic starting in January 2010. Results: NA 
(research in progress). Conclusion: NA (research in progress).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  smoking
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  data base
  education
  health
  hospital
  human
  information processing
  learning
  oxygenation
  patient
  patient education
  pharmacist
  planning
  population
  questionnaire
  satisfaction
  screening
  smoke
  smoking cessation
  student
  therapy
  tobacco dependence
  volunteer
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 621
TITLE
  Implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive medication review and 
assessment training program for pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kuhr E.
  Casey G.
  Kopacek K.
  Thorpe J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kuhr E., ekuhr@uwhealth.org) University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 
United States.
(Casey G.; Kopacek K.; Thorpe J.) University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of 
Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Kuhr, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, United States. Email: 
ekuhr@uwhealth.org
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (279-280). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To measure the effectiveness and impact of a comprehensive 
medication review and assessment (CMR/A) training program on practicing 
pharmacists' knowledge and confidence in performing and intention to provide 
medication therapy management (MTM) services. Methods: Background: The 
Wisconsin Pharmacy Quality Collaborative (WPQC) is a consortium of health 
care organizations and pharmacies that has created a qualitybased MTM 
services demonstration project that aligns incentives for both pharmacists 
and payers to provide and support MTM services. CMR/A is the highest level 
of MTM service a pharmacist can provide through WPQC. This service involves 
a pharmacist meeting with the patient to review all of their medications, 
medical conditions, and concerns. The design and implementation of a 
pharmacist CMR/A training program is a collaborative effort between the 
Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin and the University of Wisconsin-Madison School 
of Pharmacy. The content of this program draws upon aspects of the Theory of 
Planned Behavior, and builds upon the School of Pharmacy's current MTM 
curriculum for student pharmacists. Pharmacists employed at pharmacies 
offering WPQC services elected to receive additional training on providing 
CMR/As to enhance their practice. Pharmacists completed a 2.5-hour home 
study and 6-hour hands-on training program. The training was focused on 
identifying and recruiting eligible patients, conducting a patient interview 
and collecting an appropriate medication history, identifying and 
prioritizing drugrelated problems, communicating drug therapy 
recommendations to the physician, communicating drug therapy changes to the 
patient, and electronically documenting and billing for services. The 
training assessment tool was developed to evaluate domains comprising the 
Theory of Planned Behavior. Pharmacists completed the assessment tool 1 week 
prior to home study and immediately following the training session to 
evaluate (1) their knowledge regarding MTM services and WPQC, (2) confidence 
in performing WPQC MTM services, (3) attitudes, subjective norms, perceived 
behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, and intentions to provide WPQC MTM 
services in the future. Results: NA (research in progress). Conclusion: NA 
(research in progress).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy
  pharmacist
  training
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  curriculum
  health care organization
  human
  interview
  medication therapy management
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  school
  society
  student
  Theory of Planned Behavior
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 622
TITLE
  Medication reviews in 24-hour group homes for patients with intellectual and 
developmental disabilities
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fornoff A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fornoff A., anisa.fornoff@drake.edu) Drake University, College of Pharmacy 
and Health Sciences, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Fornoff, Drake University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 
United States. Email: anisa.fornoff@drake.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (283). Date of 
Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To (1) identify and solve drug therapy problems, (2) provide 
patient education at the appropriate health literacy level, and (3) provide 
staff education. Methods: Patients live in a 24-hour supervised group home 
and have the diagnosis of an intellectual or developmental disability 
(ID/DD). Medications are delivered by a community pharmacy, and limited 
counseling is provided. Medication reviews are performed quarterly at the 
Home and Community Based Service (HCBS) sites by pharmacy faculty and a 
student pharmacist. This activity allows the review of the appropriateness 
of the medication regimen and to identify potential drug therapy problems. 
Possible issues include decreases in the following: overuse of medications 
to control behavior, improper administration of medications, inappropriate 
use of as-needed medications, and expired and discontinued medications 
available. Staff is instructed on how to solve the identified errors and 
error prevention education is completed. Patients are counseled on 
medications, asked about potential side effects, and review the efficacy of 
their treatment. An evaluation tool was created to aid in this activity and 
a computerized medication error database is utilized for tracking. Results: 
During a 5-month period, 18 reviews were completed with 102 interventions 
identified. Of those interventions, 22.5% are directly related to patient 
training, including topics such as device and medication counseling, 
diabetes education, and creating self-medication plans. Staff training 
interventions have accounted for 12.7% of the interventions. Training 
includes issues such as how to use a glucagon kit, appropriate documentation 
of as-needed medications, and recognizing side effects. Over 30% of 
interventions include expired and discontinued medications still present at 
the site. Medication site reviews conduction by a pharmacist can have an 
impact on the services provided in group homes for patients with ID/DD and 
their staff. Conclusion: NA (research in progress).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  glucagon
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  developmental disorder
  drug therapy
  human
  patient
  residential home
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  counseling
  data base
  devices
  diabetes education
  diagnosis
  documentation
  education
  health literacy
  medication error
  patient education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prevention
  self medication
  side effect
  staff training
  student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 623
TITLE
  Outcomes of an outpatient medication therapy management service in a 
Singapore Hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Liew A.
  Lee C.
  Hu A.
  Ng Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Liew A.; Lee C.; Hu A.; Ng Y., yasmin_ng@cgh.com.sg) Changi General 
Hospital, Singapore.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Liew, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (288-289). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To (1) provide medication therapy management (MTM) services to 
patients, (2) identify potential drug-related problems (DRPs) and optimize 
medication use, and (3) improve medication adherence through counseling and 
education. Methods: This prospective study involved patients seen at Changi 
General Hospital specialist outpatient clinics in Singapore from June 2008 
to August 2009. Patients were enrolled for MTM services through referral by 
their physicians or pharmacists or by self-referral based on any of six 
criteria: (1) receives medications from more than one prescriber, (2) on 
five or more long-term medications, (3) has new or complex medication 
regimen, (4) abnormal lab values that could be improved with medications, 
(5) medication nonadherence, or (6) medication cost concern. MTM sessions 
run by pharmacists were conducted in line with the APhA/NACDS model 
framework. Outcome measures include type and frequency of DRPs detected, 
services performed, and patient/caregiver's feedback on MTM service. 
Results: Of the 111 patients referred for MTM services, 80 (72.1%) were 
seen. Pharmacists reviewed a mean (±SD) of 10.4 (±3.7) medications per 
patient and identified a total of 118 DRPs (mean, 1.5 per patient). Some 
68.8% (55) of our patients had at least one DRP identified, and the most 
common DRP was nonadherence to medication regimen. A total of 19 DRPs 
(16.1%) required physician intervention. About half of these interventions 
involve a change in dose, and approximately 30% involve addition of a 
medication. Pharmacists provided a variety of educational services, 
including medication use (96.3%), adherence (56.3%), and self-care (30.0%). 
In addition, medications were sorted, repacked, and relabeled with the 
latest dosing instructions for 46 patients. Survey results showed that the 
services were well received. Conclusion: MTM is a valuable patientcentered 
service that sieves out potential DRPs. Health care professionals can 
collaborate through MTM to enhance patient care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital
  medication therapy management
  outpatient
  Singapore
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  counseling
  drug therapy
  education
  feedback system
  general hospital
  health care personnel
  human
  medical specialist
  model
  outpatient department
  patient
  patient care
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  physician
  prospective study
  self care
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 624
TITLE
  Qualitative evaluation of case studies in pharmacy ethics
AUTHOR NAMES
  Avres M.
  Hazlet T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Avres M., xavrgram@u.washington.edu; Hazlet T.) University of Washington, 
School of Pharmacy, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Avres, University of Washington, School of Pharmacy, United States. 
Email: xavrgram@u.washington.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2010) 50:2 (259-260). Date 
of Publication: March-April 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  APhA2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DC, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-03-12 to 2010-03-15
ISSN
  1544-3191
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Pharmacists Association
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To perform a qualitative evaluation of an original collection of 
case studies in ethical dilemmas of pharmacy practice, describing the range 
of these dilemmas and elucidating needs for focused study in pharmacy ethics 
as distinct from ethics developed from other practice settings. Methods: 
Cases collected from second professional year student pharmacist ethics 
coursework (n = 122) are evaluated along several axes-inpatient or 
outpatient setting, patient age, primary payer, and disease state-are 
described. The primary and secondary ethical principles of interest and 
contextual root cause of dilemma are identified for each case. Results: Of 
55 evaluable cases, most (60%) involved adults (25-64 years old), were 
independent of reimbursement issues (80%), and were observed in an 
outpatient setting (81%). Nonmaleficence was the dominant ethics principle 
(36%), followed by autonomy (24%), beneficence (16%), justice (13%), and 
virtue (4%); 4 cases involved strictly legal issues. The dominant disease 
states were chronic pain/substance abuse (18%), cancer (11%), psychiatric 
(10%), emergency contraception (6%), organ transplant (6%), and assisted 
suicide (3.5%). The root cause for almost half of the cases involved a 
patient care versus law conflict (43%), followed by psychiatric issues 
(16%), and patient misunderstandings of disease process (7%). We find that 
pharmacy practice occurs in a unique environment of care that is not 
accurately described or sufficiently addressed by medical ethics. Face 
validity of cases as unique to pharmacy practice by setting or clinical 
nature are consistently strong throughout. As applied medical ethics were 
developed in response to the settings and needs of medical practice, a 
correct response to the maturation of clinical pharmacy practice is the 
development of specific ethical tools for pharmacy. Our analysis will be 
refined to describe pharmacy ethics and suggest new approaches to validating 
appropriate ethics tools. Further work should be done to validate and 
describe applied pharmacy ethics. Conclusion: NA (research in progress).
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  case study
  medical ethics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  adult
  assisted suicide
  beneficence
  clinical pharmacy
  emergency contraception
  environment
  ethics
  face validity
  hospital patient
  human
  justice
  maturation
  medical practice
  morality
  neoplasm
  outpatient
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  reimbursement
  student
  transplantation
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 625
TITLE
  Practice strategies to improve compliance and patient self-management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ruetsch C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ruetsch C., Charles.Ruetsch@healthanalytic.com) Health Analytics, LLC, 9250 
Bendix Rd. N., Ste. 240, Columbia, MD 21045, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Ruetsch, Health Analytics, LLC, 9250 Bendix Rd. N., Ste. 240, Columbia, 
MD 21045, United States. Email: Charles.Ruetsch@healthanalytic.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy (2010) 16:1 SUPPL. B (S26-S27). Date of 
Publication: February 2010
ISSN
  1083-4087
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP), 100 North Pitt St., Suite 400, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Failure in treating opioid dependence is costly to the patient, 
the employer, managed care organizations, and the overall health care 
system. Opioid dependent patients tend to be less productive at work and in 
society and utilize a great many health care resources. Optimizing outcomes 
is essential. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the benefit of integrated strategies 
and patient support in the treatment of opioid dependence. SUMMARY: Health 
Analytics is currently studying the benefit of HereToHelp, a behavioral 
support program in which registered nurses or addiction treatment counselors 
with specialized training in addiction education provide information and 
encouragement to patients receiving pharmacologic treatment for opioid 
dependence. A total of 470 physicians in 41 states have been enlisted to 
participate in this patient support study. The study hypothesis is that 
patients who receive behavioral support and encouragement will be more 
compliant with their opioid replacement therapy, leading to better outcomes. 
Additional treatment strategies are also being developed to minimize the 
risk of abuse and diversion. Prodrugs and vaccines are also being 
investigated. CONCLUSION: A coordinated team approach is essential in 
treating pain patients and opioid-dependent patients. Offering behavior 
modification in addition to pharmacotherapy and utilizing strategies such as 
prescription monitoring programs, pain contracts, and screening are all 
vital components necessary for positive outcomes. Copyright © 2010, Academy 
of Managed Care Pharmacy. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine (drug therapy)
  capsaicin
  clonidine (adverse drug reaction)
  dextromethorphan (drug therapy)
  ipecac
  ketamine (drug therapy)
  lofexidine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  memantine (drug therapy)
  morphine sulfate (drug combination, drug therapy)
  naltrexone (drug combination, drug therapy)
  oxycodone (drug combination, drug therapy)
  phencyclidine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy, side effect, drug therapy, side effect)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  behavior modification
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  monitoring
  nonhuman
  pain (drug therapy)
  patient compliance
  physician
  prescription
  risk assessment
  self care
  treatment outcome
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  capsaicin (404-86-4)
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  dextromethorphan (125-69-9, 125-71-3)
  ipecac (8012-96-2)
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  lofexidine (31036-80-3)
  memantine (19982-08-2, 41100-52-1, 51052-62-1)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  phencyclidine (77-10-1, 956-90-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010228244
MEDLINE PMID
  20146552 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20146552)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 626
TITLE
  Stakeholders views on abuse and diversion in kentucky
AUTHOR NAMES
  Peppin J.F.
  Kirsh K.
  Porada S.
  Cole B.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Peppin J.F., johnpeppin@msn.com; Cole B.E.) Pain Treatment Center of the 
Bluegrass, Lexington, United States.
(Kirsh K.; Porada S.) Aventine HealthSciences, Montclair, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.F. Peppin, Pain Treatment Center of the Bluegrass, Lexington, United 
States. Email: johnpeppin@msn.com
SOURCE
  Pain Medicine (2010) 11:2 (330). Date of Publication: February 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  26th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pain Medicine, AAPM
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-02-03 to 2010-02-06
ISSN
  1526-2375
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Scheduled medication abuse and diversion of is a serious problem nationally 
and particularly challenging in Kentucky. To date, few solutions for this 
multifaceted problem have emerged. Stakeholders were gathered into a 
committee comprised of law enforcement, regulatory, pharmacy, nursing, 
physicians (addiction, internal medicine, pain medicine, family practice, 
and palliative medicine), psychology, teen addiction, and education. A focus 
group and partial Delphi method rank ordered multiple issues. These issues 
were collated and initial questions were developed for an internet survey. 
While ongoing, the first 50 responses to the survey were analyzed. When 
asked to rank nine potential barriers to reducing diversion in Kentucky, 
respondents rated lack of patient responsibility for their prescription 
medications (average rank, AR = 2.81) and lack of appropriate pain 
management education for prescribers and dispensers (AR = 3.09) as the two 
most significant barriers. When asked to rank six sources of information, 
which would help reduce diversion but were currently lacking, data on the 
number of emergency room and hospital visits for controlled substances (AR = 
2.81) and ways to identify the number of criminal activities ties to 
controlled substances (AR = 3.05) were the top issues. Of existing 
information, KASPER was reported as the single most important source of 
data. Future recommendations included better training for healthcare 
professionals and adoption of a requirement to show ID to pick up controlled 
substance prescriptions. This survey is ongoing and will be reformatted for 
a second iteration to help guide policy directions and targets for research 
in this area.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  abuse
  pain
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  Delphi study
  drug therapy
  education
  emergency ward
  general practice
  health care personnel
  hospital
  information processing
  internal medicine
  Internet
  law enforcement
  nursing
  offender
  palliative therapy
  patient
  pharmacy
  physician
  policy
  prescription
  psychology
  responsibility
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j1526-4637.2009.00781.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 627
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care urgency framework: Development of a teaching tool
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jackson L.
  Vella D.
  Yang D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jackson L.; Yang D.) Department of Pharmacy, Veterans Centre, Sunnybrook 
Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
(Vella D.) Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Jackson, Department of Pharmacy, Veterans Centre, Sunnybrook Health 
Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (2010) 63:1 (68). Date of Publication: 
2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  CSHP Professional Practice Conference 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Toronto, ON, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-01-30 to 2010-02-03
ISSN
  0008-4123
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists
ABSTRACT
  Rationale: Drug therapy problem (DTP) identification and prioritization are 
key functions of the pharmaceutical care practitioner and must be acquired 
by Pharmacy students. Guidance is available for prioritization of multiple 
DTPs, but is lacking with respect to the timeliness for addressing 
individual DTPs. An urgency framework, similar to triage was considered a 
useful tool to address this gap. Description of the Project: Focus groups of 
Pharmacy students and experienced pharmacists were conducted separately to 
test the reasonableness of a proposed framework for categorizing the urgency 
with which clinical situations should be addressed. Method: An urgency 
categorization scheme for DTPs that assigns a timeframe to the pharmacist's 
or other clinician's actions, which is akin to triage, was proposed. The 
categories of urgency include critical, high, medium and low, and each has a 
corresponding timeframe. The concept of importance was used to describe the 
patient's perspective and includes aspects such as risk for harm and 
motivating factors such as the usefulness of available treatments, and the 
patient's values and preferences. The authors created 43 examples of 
clinical conditions corresponding to the various levels of urgency and 
sought to corroborate these assumptions in the focus groups. Evaluation: 
Focus group participants were asked to rate the urgency and timeframe for 
action for each clinical example. Pharmacy students agreed less often with 
the predetermined urgency categorization of the examples (R2=0.61) compared 
to pharmacists (R2=0.807). A similar difference was found for timeframe and 
was attributed to inexperience. The 4-level urgency framework with 
corresponding timeframes and degree of importance concepts were unanimously 
endorsed by Pharmacy students and pharmacists. Importance to Practice: 
Pharmacy students perceived that the framework would be useful to them in 
their undergraduate education and pharmacists perceived that the framework 
would be useful for instruction of students during clinical rotations.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
  professional practice
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug therapy
  education
  emergency health service
  human
  information processing
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  physician
  problem identification
  risk
  student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 628
TITLE
  CSHP Professional Practice Conference 2010
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (2010) 63:1. Date of Publication: 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  CSHP Professional Practice Conference 2010
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Toronto, ON, Canada
CONFERENCE DATE
  2010-01-30 to 2010-02-03
ISSN
  0008-4123
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists
ABSTRACT
  The proceedings contain 44 papers. The topics discussed include: 
determination of initial vancomycin dosing recommendations in burn 
patients-retrospective chart review; teaching residents to teach: 
development of a teaching rotation for a pharmacy practice residency; 
analysis of medication incidents in Ontario; pharmaceutical care urgency 
framework: development of a teaching tool; monitoring and documentation of 
outcomes from targeted medication interventions: implementation using the 
electronic documentation system; description of drug therapy problems and 
anticoagulation outcomes in a multidisciplinary anticoagulation clinic; 
ziprasidone and analgesic-induced serotonin syndrome; fluconazole treatment 
failure in cryptococcal meningitis Bonnie Thieu, Edward Ralph, Zafar 
Hussain, Anne Marie Bombassaro London health sciences; and nephrotoxicity 
associated with tenofovir: a systematic review of observational studies.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  fluconazole
  tenofovir
  vancomycin
  ziprasidone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anticoagulation
  burn patient
  Canada
  cryptococcal meningitis
  documentation
  drug therapy
  health science
  hospital
  human
  medical record review
  monitoring
  nephrotoxicity
  observational study
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
  serotonin syndrome
  systematic review
  systematic review (topic)
  teaching
  treatment failure
  United Kingdom
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  French, English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 629
TITLE
  A course introducing the principles of pharmaceutical care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hudgens J.R.
  Chirico M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hudgens J.R., julie.hudgens@belmont.edu) Belmont University School of 
Pharmacy, Gordon E. Inman College of Health Sciences and Nursing, 1900 
Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
(Chirico M.J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.R. Hudgens, Email: julie.hudgens@belmont.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2010) 74:7 (1). Date of 
Publication: 10 Sep 2010
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  To develop, implement, and assess a course that introduces students to the 
process and application of pharmaceutical care. The course was offered to 
students in the third semester of the PharmD curriculum. The course's 
ability outcomes were to integrate and apply scientific and therapeutic 
knowledge in the delivery of evidence-based pharmaceutical care, and to 
develop the skills of a professional, lifelong learner. The students 
successfully applied the information learned in this course to the practice 
of pharmaceutical care. The 3 components of the course that appeared to be 
the most challenging were identifying drug-therapy problems, creating 
compound goals, and creating a care plan. This course was effective in 
meeting ability-based outcomes. The assessment data helped the instructors 
determine what changes should be made to increase the course's success when 
it is offered again.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  curriculum
  education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptive behavior
  article
  assessment
  clinical competence
  evaluation study
  evidence based medicine
  human
  learner evaluation
  methodology
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy student
  problem based learning
  psychological aspect
  questionnaire
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  21088737 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21088737)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 630
TITLE
  Evaluation of self medication among professional students in North India: 
Proper statutory drug control must be implemented
AUTHOR NAMES
  Verma R.K.
  Mohan L.
  Pandey M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Verma R.K., royal_mpcp@yahoo.co.in; Mohan L.; Pandey M.) Department of 
Pharmaceutics, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and 
Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 227105, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. K. Verma, Department of Pharmaceutics, Babu Banarasi Das National 
Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 227105, 
India. Email: royal_mpcp@yahoo.co.in
SOURCE
  Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2010) 3:1 (60-64). 
Date of Publication: January-March 2010
ISSN
  0974-2441
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 32-H, Kalany Nagar, 
Aerodrum Road,Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
ABSTRACT
  The objective of this study was to describe and examine the branded 
medicines used by professional students, awareness, trust in medicine 
system, reasons behind self medication, drug information resources, danger 
findings and knowledge of drug profile. Samples of 1175 young students 
belonging to different regions of North India were selected randomly from 
two institutions of U. P. Technical University. An inclusion criterion was 
17-25 years (mean age 20.13±2.32). A total of 153 students were excluded in 
accordance with the exclusion criteria like incomplete information. The 
prevalence of self medication among professional students was 87.00%. About 
82.97% students had a positive trust in allopathic medicines,80.82% students 
learn self medication from doctors prescriptions provided during their prior 
illness.15.65%were alcoholic,16.73% were smokers,11.74%students with chronic 
problems ,who were considered in danger findings. Only 43.93% students were 
about drug interaction. Most of the self medication was involved with 
headache and fever, cough & cold, gastrointestinal Infection, mouth ulcer & 
Throat infection. Respondents were using Schedule H drugs/potent drugs for 
minor illness. The results are based on feed backs which were provided by 
respondents included in study. The percentage of self medication might be 
change along with locality and region. The prevalence of self medication 
among professional students in North India is high. This descriptive survey 
shows that the majority of professional students had a poor knowledge about 
appropriate self medication while the knowledge of the benefits and risks 
was not adequate. A number of students consult pharmacists and follow 
advertisements on drug information. This issue needs to be addressed by the 
responsible authorities of State Pharmacy Council/Ministry of Health.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (drug therapy)
  acetylsalicylic acid calcium
  albendazole (drug therapy)
  alex
  anacin (drug therapy)
  antipyretic analgesic agent (drug therapy)
  attapulgite (drug therapy)
  becosule
  cetrizen
  clioquinol (drug therapy)
  corex
  crocin (drug therapy)
  dependal
  dextromethorphan (drug therapy)
  digene
  diphenhydramine (drug therapy)
  furazolidone (drug therapy)
  glycerol (drug therapy)
  glycodin
  honeytuss
  ibuprofen
  ibuprofen (drug therapy)
  ibuprofen plus paracetamol (drug therapy)
  metronidazole (drug therapy)
  ornade (drug therapy)
  painzon
  paracetamol (drug therapy)
  pheniramine aminosalicylate (drug therapy)
  pholcodine (drug therapy)
  pudinhara
  ranidom
  saridon (drug therapy)
  sinarest
  smyle
  unclassified drug
  wincold
  zandu balm
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug control
  self medication
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  alcoholism
  allopathy
  article
  chronic disease
  cold
  common cold symptom (drug therapy)
  consultation
  coughing (drug therapy)
  drug information
  drug safety
  drug use
  fever (drug therapy)
  gastrointestinal infection (drug therapy)
  headache (drug therapy)
  human
  India
  mouth ulcer (drug therapy)
  pharmacist
  pharyngitis (drug therapy)
  prescription
  professional knowledge
  smoking
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  alex
  anacin
  avil
  becosule
  benadryl
  brufen
  calpol
  cetrizen
  combiflam
  corex
  crocin
  dependal
  digene
  disprin
  enteroquinol
  gelusil
  glycodin
  honeytuss
  painzon
  pudinhara
  ranidom
  saridon
  sinarest
  smyle
  wincold
  zandu balm
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  acetylsalicylic acid calcium (69-46-5)
  albendazole (54965-21-8)
  anacin (53908-20-6)
  attapulgite (12174-11-7, 12408-47-8, 12511-31-8, 1327-43-1, 64418-16-2)
  clioquinol (130-26-7, 8057-20-3)
  crocin (39465-00-4, 42553-65-1)
  dextromethorphan (125-69-9, 125-71-3)
  diphenhydramine (147-24-0, 58-73-1)
  furazolidone (67-45-8)
  glycerol (56-81-5)
  ibuprofen (15687-27-1)
  metronidazole (39322-38-8, 443-48-1)
  ornade (50808-49-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  pheniramine aminosalicylate (3269-83-8)
  pholcodine (509-67-1)
  saridon (8064-93-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Otorhinolaryngology (11)
  Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis (15)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010083246
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 631
TITLE
  Tobacco control practices among Aboriginal health professionals in Western 
Australia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pilkington A.A.G.
  Carter O.B.J.
  Cameron A.S.
  Thompson S.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pilkington A.A.G.; Thompson S.C.) Office of Aboriginal Health, Department 
of Health Western Australia, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia.
(Pilkington A.A.G.; Thompson S.C.) Centre for International Health, Curtin 
University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
(Pilkington A.A.G.; Cameron A.S.) National Centre for Epidemiology and 
Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, 
Australia.
(Carter O.B.J., o.carter@curtin.edu.au) Centre for Behavioural Research in 
Cancer Control, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 
6845, Australia.
(Cameron A.S.) Department of Public Health, University of Adelaide, 
Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. B. J. Carter, Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer Control, Curtin 
University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Email: 
o.carter@curtin.edu.au
SOURCE
  Australian Journal of Primary Health (2009) 15:2 (152-158). Date of 
Publication: 2009
ISSN
  1448-7527
BOOK PUBLISHER
  CSIRO, P.O. Box 1139, Collingwood, Australia.
ABSTRACT
  Smoking among Aboriginal people is extremely widespread (50 v. 17% of the 
general population). Aboriginal Health Workers (AHW) are at the vanguard of 
tackling this problem but many themselves smoke and little is known of their 
knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding smoking cessation. Structured 
telephone interviews were conducted with 36 AHW, including 31% current 
smokers, 31% ex-smokers and 38% non-smokers, to assess their current smoking 
cessation practices and knowledge of health risks, nicotine dependence, 
cessation strategies and pharmacotherapies. AHW considered diabetes, alcohol 
use and heart disease more problematic than smoking among Aboriginal people. 
Fear of appearing hypocritical stopped many who smoke from discussing 
smoking cessation with clients but also stopped some non-smoking AHW whose 
colleagues or family smoked. Cultural concerns about telling others 'what to 
do' was also a major impediment. Knowledge of the health effects of smoking 
was good, but knowledge of appropriate advice around cessation 
pharmacotherapies was suboptimal. AHW trained in smoking cessation were more 
knowledgeable and active in smoking cessation, but most AHW had received no 
training, despite being keen to do so. Specific smoking cessation training 
is sought and appears needed by AHW, particularly in the areas of brief 
interventions, motivational interviewing, dependence assessment and 
pharmacotherapies. © La Trobe University 2009.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcohol consumption
  article
  attitude to health
  Australia
  controlled study
  diabetes mellitus
  female
  health behavior
  health hazard
  health practitioner
  heart disease
  human
  indigenous people
  male
  structured interview
  tobacco dependence
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009628251
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/PY08066
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 632
TITLE
  Principles of laboratory assessment of drug abuse liability and implications 
for clinical development.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Carter L.P.
  Griffiths R.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Carter L.P.; Griffiths R.R.) Department of Psychiatry, University of 
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Psychiatric Research Institute-Center for 
Addiction Research, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.P. Carter, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical 
Sciences, Psychiatric Research Institute-Center for Addiction Research, 
Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
SOURCE
  Drug and alcohol dependence (2009) 105 Suppl 1 (S14-25). Date of 
Publication: 1 Dec 2009
ISSN
  1879-0046 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Abuse liability testing plays an important role in informing drug 
development, regulatory processes, and clinical practice. This paper 
describes the current "gold standard" methodologies that are used for 
laboratory assessments of abuse liability in non-human and human subjects. 
Particular emphasis is given to procedures such as non-human drug 
discrimination, self-administration, and physical dependence testing, and 
human dose-effect abuse liability studies that are commonly used in 
regulatory submissions to governmental agencies. The potential benefits and 
risks associated with the inclusion of measures of abuse liability in 
industry-sponsored clinical trials is discussed. Lastly, it is noted that 
many factors contribute to patterns of drug abuse and dependence outside of 
the laboratory setting and positive or negative signals in abuse liability 
studies do not always translate to high or low levels of actual abuse or 
dependence. Well-designed patient and physician education, 
pharmacovigilance, and postmarketing surveillance can reduce the diversion 
and misuse of drugs with abuse liability and can effectively foster the 
protection and promotion of public health.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (prevention)
  behavioral research
  drug screening
  phase 1 clinical trial
  phase 2 clinical trial
  phase 3 clinical trial
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal
  human
  methodology
  review
  risk assessment
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19443137 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443137)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 633
TITLE
  My first patient program to introduce first-year pharmacy students to health 
promotion and disease prevention
AUTHOR NAMES
  Maffeo C.
  Chase P.
  Brown B.
  Tuohy K.
  Kalsekar I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Maffeo C., cmaffeo@butler.edu; Brown B.; Tuohy K.; Kalsekar I.) College of 
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, .
(Chase P.) School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, .
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Maffeo, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, . 
Email: cmaffeo@butler.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2009) 73:6 Article Number: 97. 
Date of Publication: 2009
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives. To implement and assess the effectiveness of a program to teach 
pharmacy students the importance of taking personal responsibility for their 
health. Design. The My First Patient Program was created and lectures were 
incorporated into an existing first-year course to introduce the concepts of 
health beliefs, behavior modification, stress management, substance abuse, 
and nutrition. Each student received a comprehensive health screening and 
health risk assessment which they used to develop a personal health 
portfolio and identify strategies to attain and/ or maintain their personal 
health goals. Assessment. Student learning was assessed through written 
assignments and student reflections, follow-up surveys, and course 
evaluations. Students' attainment of health goals and their ability to 
identify their personal health status illustrated the positive impact of the 
program. Conclusion. This program serves as a model for colleges and schools 
of pharmacy and for other health professions in the instruction of health 
promotion, disease prevention, and behavior modification.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  allied health education
  health promotion
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  behavior modification
  education program
  health belief
  health hazard
  learning
  mass screening
  nutrition
  pharmacy student
  preventive medicine
  prophylaxis
  responsibility
  risk assessment
  stress management
  substance abuse
  teaching
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009523145
MEDLINE PMID
  19885066 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19885066)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 634
TITLE
  The addicts among us.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baldwin J.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baldwin J.N.) American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.N. Baldwin, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, USA.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2009) 73:7 (124). Date of 
Publication: 12 Nov 2009
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (epidemiology, prevention)
  alcoholism (epidemiology, prevention)
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude to health
  education
  health personnel attitude
  human
  professional standard
  psychological aspect
  statistics
  United States (epidemiology)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19960083 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960083)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 635
TITLE
  Evaluation of misuse, non-medical use and dependence on tramadol: A 
pharmacoepidemiological study based on community pharmacies in France
AUTHOR NAMES
  Roussin A.
  Genioux H.
  Doozon-D'Ouince O.
  Lopeyre-Mestre M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Roussin A.; Genioux H.; Doozon-D'Ouince O.; Lopeyre-Mestre M.) Unité de 
Pharmacoéépidémiologie, EA 3696, Université de Toulouse, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Roussin, Unité de Pharmacoéépidémiologie, EA 3696, Université de 
Toulouse, France.
SOURCE
  Drug Safety (2009) 32:10 (980). Date of Publication: 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  9th ISoP Annual Meeting ‘From Pharmacovigilance to Risk Management’
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Reims, France
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-10-06 to 2009-10-09
ISSN
  0114-5916
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Adis International Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: In addition to the μ opioid agonist activity of tramadol and 
its main metabolite O-desmethyltramadol, tramadol also acts on 
serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. This difference in the 
mechanism of action, compared to that of other opioid analgesics, could 
account for differences in rates and characteristics of problematic uses of 
this drug, in particular pharmacodependence. Aim: To investigate the reasons 
for use of tramadol others than alleviating pain, as well as the 
characteristics of pharmacodependence on this drug, from reports of patients 
via a self-administered questionnaire given in community pharmacies. 
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during a two month period 
(january-march 2008) and was based on the responses to an anonymous 
questionnaire by patients presenting a prescription for tramadol in 
community pharmacies. The recruitment of pharmacies was done by pharmacy 
students performing a training period in a pharmacy of the French 
Midi-Pyrénées area. Patients were asked to fill in the questionnaire which 
investigated patterns of drug use and criteria of dependence adapted from 
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV). Several questions also 
explored pain relief related to tramadol use. Results: Sixty six percent (n 
=61) of the solicited pharmacies (n =92) participated in the survey. Four 
hundred and sixty five patients filled and returned the questionnaire. Among 
the 257 patients who had used tramadol in the previous month, 66% were 
women, and the mean age was 59-17 years. Three of them (1.1%) said that they 
used tramadol for purposes other than pain alleviating: ''to help to cope 
with life'', ''to relieve tiredness'', and ''because of drug withdrawal 
symptoms''. Sixty five patients (25%) were classified as dependent on 
tramadol as they presented at least 3 out of 6 criteria adapted from the 
DSM-IV and exploring physical dependence and compulsive drug use. In 
addition, the answers of the patients suggest that, in the majority of 
cases, the positive answers to the questions relying on pharmacodependence 
are related to the persistence of pain. Conclusion: These results suggest 
that tramadol prescribed to patients to relieve pain can lead to 
pharmacodependence. However, the persistence of pain could be also an 
important factor associated to the criteria of pharmacodependence evaluated 
in the present study.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  tramadol
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  narcotic analgesic agent
  o nortramadol
  opiate agonist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  drug surveillance program
  France
  pharmacy
  risk
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  book
  cross-sectional study
  diagnosis
  drug dependence
  drug use
  drug withdrawal
  fatigue
  female
  metabolite
  neurotransmission
  pain
  patient
  pharmacy student
  prescription
  questionnaire
  withdrawal syndrome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11316660-000000000-00000
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 636
TITLE
  Differences in self and independent ratings on an organisational dual 
diagnosis capacity measure
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lee N.
  Cameron J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lee N., nicole.lee@turningpoint.org.au; Cameron J.) Turning Point Alcohol 
and Drug Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
(Lee N., nicole.lee@turningpoint.org.au) School of Psychology, Psychiatry 
and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Lee, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, 54-62 Gertrude Street, 
Fitzroy, Vic. 3065, Australia. Email: nicole.lee@turningpoint.org.au
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Review (2009) 28:6 (682-684). Date of Publication: November 
2009
ISSN
  0959-5236
  1465-3362 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton South, Australia.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction and Aims: There are a number of tools to assist services to 
measure their capacity to respond to co-occurring substance use and mental 
health disorders.This study aimed to examine whether services could 
accurately self-rate their dual diagnosis capacity. Design and Methods: Data 
were collected from 13 alcohol and drug services across Australia that 
participated in a comorbidity capacity building initiative.The organisations 
provided a range of services, including pharmacotherapy and counselling 
services, residential and outpatient services, youth and adult services and 
withdrawal. There was a mix of government and non-government services. 
Results: Services rated themselves substantially higher than the independent 
raters at both baseline and follow up. Discussion and Conclusions: The 
results suggest that services may not accurately assess their own capacity. 
For organisations trying to make improvements in their services, independent 
assessment may be more helpful than self-assessment in accurately 
determining service gaps. Overestimation of capacity may lead to failure to 
address important service needs. © 2009 Australasian Professional Society on 
Alcohol and other Drugs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (diagnosis, epidemiology)
  drug dependence treatment
  mental disease (diagnosis, epidemiology)
  self concept
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Australia (epidemiology)
  clinical trial
  comorbidity
  follow up
  human
  methodology
  multicenter study
  psychiatric diagnosis
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19930024 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19930024)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00116.x
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 637
TITLE
  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: An overview of interventions for affected 
individuals
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chandrasena A.N.
  Mukherjee R.A.S.
  Turk J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chandrasena A.N.; Turk J.) Academic Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 
Clinical Developmental Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer 
Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
(Mukherjee R.A.S., rmukherj@sgul.ac.uk) Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS 
Trust, Bracketts Resource Centre, 116-118 Station Road East, Oxted, RH8 0QA, 
United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.A.S. Mukherjee, Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Trust, Bracketts 
Resource Centre, 116-118 Station Road East, Oxted, RH8 0QA, United Kingdom. 
Email: rmukherj@sgul.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Child and Adolescent Mental Health (2009) 14:4 (162-167). Date of 
Publication: November 2009
ISSN
  1475-357X
  1475-3588 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Whilst much has been written about understanding the diagnostic and 
underlying pathological processes related to prenatal alcohol exposure, far 
less has been directed at the management of affected individuals. We 
undertake a review of the literature focusing on a range of interventions 
including psychological, social, educational, pharmacological as well recent 
advances and directions. This paper is designed to give an overview on the 
management of this complex disorder. © 2008 Association for Child and 
Adolescent Mental Health.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  choline
  dexamphetamine (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  methylphenidate (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  psychostimulant agent (drug comparison, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  fetal alcohol syndrome (drug therapy, diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  attention deficit disorder (complication, drug therapy, therapy)
  autism (complication, therapy)
  behavior therapy
  clinical examination
  clinical feature
  developmental disorder
  diet supplementation
  diet therapy
  evidence based medicine
  health education
  human
  learning disorder
  medical literature
  mental health care
  nonhuman
  physiotherapy
  prenatal exposure
  priority journal
  psychosocial care
  review
  treatment planning
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  choline (123-41-1, 13232-47-8, 1927-06-6, 4858-96-2, 62-49-7, 67-48-1)
  dexamphetamine (1462-73-3, 51-63-8, 51-64-9)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Obstetrics and Gynecology (10)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009547555
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00504.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 638
TITLE
  Perceptions about health processes among community members from small 
riverine populations in the peruvian rainforest
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bayer A.M.
  Carhuas C.M.
  Sanchez J.F.
  Beltran M.
  Razuri H.R.
  Zavaleta C.
  Halsey E.S.
  Montgomery J.M.
  Sanders J.W.
  Lescano A.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bayer A.M.; Carhuas C.M.; Sanchez J.F.; Razuri H.R.; Montgomery J.M.; 
Sanders J.W.; Lescano A.G.) United States Naval Medical Research Center 
Detachment, Lima, Peru.
(Beltran M.) Peruvian Ministry of Health, Yurimaguas, Peru.
(Zavaleta C.) National Center of Intercultural Health, Peruvian Ministry of 
Health, Lima, Peru.
(Halsey E.S.) U.S. Air Force Wright-Patterson Medical Center, 
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.M. Bayer, United States Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, 
Peru.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2009) 81:5 SUPPL. 1 
(127-128). Date of Publication: November 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  58th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and 
Hygiene, ASTMH
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Washington, DE, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-11-18 to 2009-11-22
ISSN
  0002-9637
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
ABSTRACT
  Little is known about the processes that community members in the tropical 
rainforest of Peru follow to address day-to-day health issues. Therefore, 
the objective of this study was to describe the processes that the 
inhabitants of Loreto, Peru utilize to address the health problems of young 
children and adults. This study was conducted in four small-to medium-sized 
communities along the Marañon and Huallaga rivers in the Peruvian Amazon. 
Focus groups were held with 34 community members aged 18 years or older 
recruited using purposive sampling. Participants documented the processes 
that community members follow to address important health problems faced by 
children under five years of age, adult males and adult females. Data were 
analyzed by synthesizing and comparing the flow diagrams produced by 
participants. For cases of pediatric diarrhea and pneumonia, the majority 
(75%) of participants wait three to six days prior to taking their child to 
a health facility. Home treatment provided during the wait consists of 
primarily natural remedies (65%) and some self-prescribed medication (35%) 
prior to formal medical treatment. Adult males typically wait one to two 
days prior to seeking professional care for stomach pain and approximately 
80% of males never seek skilled care for presumed malaria. Most adult women 
(65%) with a urinary tract infection or vaginal discharge use natural 
remedies for one to four days before going to a health establishment. 
One-third of women wait one day before seeking professional care for vaginal 
bleeding. Natural remedies for different populations and health problems 
included drinks with herbs, fruit peels and bird beaks; baths with herbs, 
flowers and barks; and cigarette smoke. It is important to note that natural 
remedies often included medication acquired from a pharmacy. In conclusion, 
residents of these Peruvian Amazon communities utilize multiple methods to 
address health problems at home, based on their own diagnoses of their 
health issues and perceptions of which treatments are most appropriate. 
Further research needs to be performed to determine the best methods to 
optimize the utilization of appropriate health care and prevention services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cigarette smoke
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  health
  hygiene
  population
  rain forest
  society
  tropical medicine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  bark
  beak
  bird
  child
  diagnosis
  diarrhea
  drug therapy
  female
  flower
  fruit
  health care
  health care facility
  herb
  home care
  information processing
  malaria
  male
  Peru
  pharmacy
  pneumonia
  prevention
  river
  sampling
  stomach pain
  therapy
  tropical rain forest
  urinary tract infection
  vagina bleeding
  vagina discharge
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 639
TITLE
  Documentation quality in community pharmacy: Completeness of electronic 
patient records after patients' first visits
AUTHOR NAMES
  Floor-Schreudering A.
  De Smet P.A.G.M.
  Buurma H.
  Egberts A.C.G.
  Bouvy M.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Floor-Schreudering A., a.floor@stevenshof.nl; Buurma H.; Bouvy M.L.) SIR 
Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Theda Mansholtstraat 5B, 2331 JE 
Leiden, Netherlands.
(De Smet P.A.G.M.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical 
Centre St. Radboud, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(De Smet P.A.G.M.) Scientific Institute of Dutch Pharmacists, The Hague, 
Netherlands.
(Egberts A.C.G.) Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, 
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 
Netherlands.
(Egberts A.C.G.) Hospital Pharmacy of University Medical Centre Utrecht, .
(Bouvy M.L.) Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht 
Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, .
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Floor-Schreudering, SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Theda 
Mansholtstraat 5B, 2331 JE Leiden, Netherlands. Email: a.floor@stevenshof.nl
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2009) 43:11 (1787-1794). Date of Publication: 
November 2009
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: When patients visit a community pharmacy for the first time, the 
creation of an electronic patient record (EPR) with relevant and up-to-date 
data is a prerequisite for adequate medication surveillance and patient 
counseling. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of completeness of 
documentation in the EPR after a patient's first visit to a Dutch community 
pharmacy. METHODS: In each participating pharmacy, newly enlisted (<3 mo) 
patients to whom at least one medication had been dispensed were enrolled in 
this survey. For each patient who could be interviewed, pharmacy master 
students used a structured questionnaire to gather relevant, mandatory 
patient data (ie, basic characteristics, current drugs used, diseases, 
intolerabilities, specific conditions) and nonmandatory patient data (eg, 
diagnostic and monitoring data, personal experiences and habits, drug use 
problems) from the patient's EPR and from a structured telephone interview 
with the patient. Data retrieved from the patient's EPR were compared with 
data provided by the patient during the telephone interview. RESULTS: Of 403 
selected patients, 154 (38.2%) could be interviewed by telephone. Poor 
documentation of telephone numbers in the EPR was the main reason for 
nonresponse (134/249). Interviewers found that 67.7% of prescription drugs, 
0% of over-the-counter drugs, 19.6% of diseases, 3.7% of intolerabilities, 
and none of the specific conditions reported by patients had been documented 
in the EPR. Nonmandatory data (personal experiences and habits, drug use 
problems) reported during the patient interview had not been documented in 
the EPR. CONCLUSIONS: The EPR after a patient's first visit to the community 
pharmacy is often incomplete. For new patients, the pharmacist should more 
proactively and systematically gather patient information, and all relevant 
information should be recorded, preferably in coded form, in the pharmacy 
information system to allow more adequate clinical risk management.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  electronic medical record
  medical examination
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  aged
  article
  child
  controlled study
  diagnostic procedure
  drug use
  female
  habit
  health survey
  human
  infant
  interview
  major clinical study
  male
  medical documentation
  Netherlands
  patient information
  patient monitoring
  personal experience
  preschool child
  prescription
  priority journal
  qualitative analysis
  questionnaire
  risk assessment
  school child
  telephone
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009601162
MEDLINE PMID
  19843832 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19843832)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1M242
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 640
TITLE
  Perceptions of nurses in nursing homes on the usage of benzodiazepines
AUTHOR NAMES
  Anthierens S.
  Grypdonck M.
  De Pauw L.
  Christiaens T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Anthierens S., sibyl.anthierens@ugent.be) Department of General Practice 
and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, UZ, 1K3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 
Gent, Belgium.
(Grypdonck M.; De Pauw L.) Department of Nursing Science, Ghent University, 
Gent, Belgium.
(Christiaens T.) Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, 
Heymans Institute for Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Ghent University, 
Gent, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Anthierens, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Ghent 
University, UZ, 1K3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Email: 
sibyl.anthierens@ugent.be
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Nursing (2009) 18:22 (3098-3106). Date of Publication: 
November 2009
ISSN
  0962-1067
  1365-2702 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Aim. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study on how nurses 
perceive their own role in the use of benzodiazepines in nursing homes and 
to identify the factors that have an impact on the nurses' role in the use 
of benzodiazepines. Background. The use of benzodiazepines in nursing homes 
is of particular concern, as nursing-home residents receive considerably 
more benzodiazepines than non-institutionalised older persons. Evidence of 
their long-term effectiveness is lacking. Nurses are important partners in 
the decision-making process of starting and discontinuation of 
benzodiazepines. Design. Qualitative descriptive. Method. Three focus group 
interviews and 10 additional semi-structured interviews were used with 33 
registered nurses. The interviews were thematically analysed. Findings. 
Nurses' main concern is to work towards the comfort of the patient. 
Benzodiazepines are an easy option with not too many side effects and 
administration of benzodiazepines is experienced as a routine action. When 
prescribed they will almost automatically lead to chronic usage as there is 
no evaluation of their effect. There are three aspects that have an impact 
on nurse's perceptions of their role in benzodiazepine usage: their own 
individual attitude and perceptions, their knowledge and organisational 
factors. Conclusion. Nurses do not see benzodiazepines as a problem drug and 
once a prescription is initiated it will almost automatically lead to 
chronic usage. Nurses should work towards a pro-active promotion of 
addressing sleeping problems and they can play a key role in 
non-pharmacological interventions. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses 
can play a key role in suggesting non-pharmacological alternatives. 
Education to provide more insight into the problems of insomnia and anxiety 
may positively influence their attitudes and behaviour. All caregivers in 
nursing homes should be informed about the relevance of this issue. © 2009 
Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nurse
  nursing home
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health personnel attitude
  human
  information processing
  manpower
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19538562 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19538562)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02758.x
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 641
TITLE
  CNS safety pharmacology (including drug dependency)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Waldron G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Waldron G.) Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent, United 
Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Waldron, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent, United 
Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Toxicology Letters (2009) 189 Suppl. 1 (S8). Date of Publication: 13 Sep 
2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  46th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology, EUROTOX 2009
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Dresden, Germany
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-09-13 to 2009-09-16
ISSN
  0378-4274
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ABSTRACT
  CNS safety pharmacology is a well established discipline guided by ICH S7A. 
This universally accepted guidance describes a core battery of studies of 
which contains a CNS assessment. Motor activity, behavioural changes, 
coordination, sensory/motor reflex responses and body temperature should be 
evaluated. A functional observation battery (FOB) or modified Irwin's 
assessment in rodents are most often performed in the pre-clinical Safety 
Assessments prior to First in Human administration a novel chemical entity. 
Follow up assessments based upon findings or other causes for concern can 
include behavioural pharmacology, learning and memory, ligand-specific 
binding, neurochemistry, visual, auditory and/or electrophysiology 
examinations, etc. Drug dependency or abuse liability, although not a novel 
research area, is emerging as a key area of scientific and regulatory 
interest. Pre-clinical models can be used at any stage of drug development 
and can guide the clinical abuse liability trials.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  ligand
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  central nervous system
  drug dependence
  health care organization
  pharmacology
  safety
  toxicology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  behavior change
  body temperature
  drug development
  electrophysiology
  examination
  follow up
  human
  learning
  memory
  model
  motor activity
  neurochemistry
  reflex
  risk assessment
  rodent
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.168
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 642
TITLE
  Preparing pharmacy students and pharmacists to provide tobacco cessation 
counselling
AUTHOR NAMES
  Williams D.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Williams D.M., dwilliams@unc.edu) Division of Pharmacotherapy and 
Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of 
Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.M. Williams, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 
Beard Hall CB#7569, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States. Email: 
dwilliams@unc.edu
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Review (2009) 28:5 (533-540). Date of Publication: 
September 2009
ISSN
  0959-5236
  1465-3362 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton South, Australia.
ABSTRACT
  Issues:Tobacco use and abuse is a major health risk for people across the 
world and is responsible for nearly 500 000 deaths in the USA annually. 
Currently, the accepted role of pharmacists is the provision of 
pharmaceutical care, which includes health promotion and prevention of 
disease. Pharmacists should work collaboratively with other health-care 
professionals to provide tobacco-cessation counselling to smokers. Approach: 
Recently, in the USA, a curriculum has been developed by faculty at a school 
of pharmacy and distributed to pharmacy schools across the nation in a 
train-the-trainer format. This curriculum has been implemented in varying 
degrees in schools across the USA. In addition, there are national efforts 
to increase the involvement of practising pharmacists in promoting tobacco 
cessation by offering comprehensive programs or by increasing awareness and 
referrals. Key Findings: The acceptance of the Rx for Change programs by 
schools of pharmacy has been high and the education and skills are being 
taught to most current pharmacy graduates.There is an increased emphasis on 
the role of pharmacists to assist in meeting national health goals including 
reducing tobacco-related risks. Implications: Numerous opportunities exist 
for pharmacists to provide tobacco cessation counselling. Barriers to 
implementation of programs include lack of confidence by pharmacists and a 
perceived lack of demand by patients. Conclusion: The consequences of 
tobacco use are well known. Pharmacists should enhance their involvement in 
health promotion and disease prevention and actively develop tobacco 
cessation counselling programs using available resources for the benefit of 
their patients. © 2009 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and 
other Drugs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  counseling
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (diagnosis, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  case report
  education
  female
  human
  human relation
  methodology
  patient education
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19737211 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19737211)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00109.x
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 643
TITLE
  Design and development of mucoadhesive acyclovir tablet
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dias R.J.
  Sakhare S.S.
  Mali K.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dias R.J., rjdias75@rediffmail.com; Sakhare S.S.; Mali K.K.) Satara College 
of Pharmacy, Satara, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. J. Dias, Satara College of Pharmacy, Satara, India. Email: 
rjdias75@rediffmail.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2009) 8:4 (231-239). Date of 
Publication: Autumn 2009
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, 
Iran.
ABSTRACT
  The purpose of this study was to design and optimize an oral controlled 
release acyclovir mucoadhesive tablet, in term of its drug release and 
mucoadhesive strength A 3(2) full factorial design was employed to study the 
effect of independent variables like Carbopol-934P and hydroxypropyl 
methylcellulose K100M, which significantly influence characteristics like 
swelling index, ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro drug release. 
Tablets were prepared by direct compression and evaluated for mucoadhesive 
strength and in-vitro dissolution parameters. In all the nine formulations 
studied, the exponent (n) varied between 0.5266 and 0.7110, showing 
non-fickian release behavior corresponding to coupled diffusion or polymer 
relaxation, resulting in a controlled and complete drug release up to 12 h. 
Both these polymers had a significant effect on the mucoadhesive strength of 
the prepared tablets, measured as the force of detachment against sheep 
gastric mucosa. Besides unraveling the effect of the two factors on the 
various response variables, this study helped in finding the optimized 
formulation with excellent mucoadhesive strength and controlled drug 
release. It can be concluded that by formulating mucoadhesive tablets of 
acyclovir, its complete release can be ensured prior to absorption window 
and hence the problem of incomplete drug release and erratic absorption 
could be solved by increasing the retention of drug in GIT for a longer 
duration. Copyright © 2009 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University 
of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aciclovir (pharmaceutics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  carbomer (pharmaceutics)
  hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (pharmaceutics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  controlled release formulation
  drug design
  drug solubility
  mucoadhesion
  tablet
  tablet compression
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (India)biochem laboratories
   (India)flamingo
   (India)Ind Swift
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aciclovir (59277-89-3)
  carbomer (9007-20-9, 9062-04-8)
  hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (9004-65-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010097692
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 644
TITLE
  Forging a novel provider and payer partnership in Wisconsin to compensate 
pharmacists for quality-driven pharmacy and medication therapy management 
services.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Trapskin K.
  Johnson C.
  Cory P.
  Sorum S.
  Decker C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Trapskin K.; Johnson C.; Cory P.; Sorum S.; Decker C.) Pharmacy Society of 
Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53717, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Trapskin, Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53717, USA. Email: 
karit@pswi.org
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2009) 49:5 
(642-651). Date of Publication: 2009 Sep-Oct
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To describe the Wisconsin Pharmacy Quality Collaborative (WPQC), 
a quality-based network of pharmacies and payers with the common goals of 
improving medication use and safety, reducing health care costs for payers 
and patients, and increasing professional recognition and compensation for 
pharmacist-provided services. SETTING: Wisconsin between 2006 and 2009. 
PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Community (independent, chain, and health-system) 
pharmacies and private and public health care payers/purchasers with support 
from the McKesson Corporation. PRACTICE INNOVATION: This initiative aligns 
incentives for pharmacies and payers through implementation of 12 
quality-based pharmacy requirements as conditions of pharmacy participation 
in a practice-advancement pilot. Payers compensate network pharmacies that 
meet the quality-based requirements for two levels of pharmacy professional 
services (level 1, intervention-based services; level 2, comprehensive 
medication review and assessment services). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The pilot 
project is designed to measure the following outcomes: medication-use 
quality improvements, frequency and types of services provided, drug therapy 
problems, patient safety, cost savings, identification of factors that 
facilitate pharmacist participation, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The 
Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin created the WPQC network, which consists of 53 
pharmacies, 106 trained pharmacists, 45 student pharmacists, 6 pharmacy 
technicians, and 2 initial payers. A quality assurance process is followed 
approximately quarterly to audit the 12 network quality requirements. An 
evaluation of this collaboration is being conducted. CONCLUSION: This 
program demonstrates that collaboration among payers and pharmacists is 
possible and can result in the development of an incentive-aligned program 
that stresses quality patient care, standardized services, and professional 
service compensation for pharmacists. This combination of a quality-based 
credentialing process with a professional services reimbursement schedule is 
unique and has the promise to enhance the ambulatory pharmacy practice 
model.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cooperation
  health care quality
  medication therapy management
  pharmacy
  reimbursement
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  economics
  evaluation study
  health care planning
  human
  methodology
  pilot study
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19748873 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19748873)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 645
TITLE
  Pharmacological aspects and potential new clinical applications of ketamine: 
Reevaluation of an old drug
AUTHOR NAMES
  Aroni F.
  Iacovidou N.
  Dontas I.
  Pourzitaki C.
  Xanthos T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Aroni F., a.filippia@mycosmos.gr; Dontas I.; Xanthos T.) Laboratory of 
Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, University of 
Athens, Tideos 2, 11635 Athens, Greece.
(Iacovidou N.) 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, 
University of Athens, Greece.
(Pourzitaki C.) Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle 
University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. Aroni, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical 
School, University of Athens, Tideos 2, 11635 Athens, Greece. Email: 
a.filippia@mycosmos.gr
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2009) 49:8 (957-964). Date of Publication: 
August 2009
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Ketamine, the phencyclidine derivative described in 1965, is an intravenous 
anesthetic with a variety of applications. The enthusiasm following its 
initial release subsided due to side effects from the central nervous 
system. New anesthetics limited the role of ketamine in anesthetic practice. 
However, its hemodynamically stable profile, along with its beneficial 
respiratory properties and analgesic potency, rendered the drug invaluable 
in battlefield medicine, sedation of the uncooperative child, analgesia, and 
sedation in burn units. Reevaluation, though, of analgesic properties of 
ketamine resulted in new interest regarding its use in perioperative and 
chronic pain management. Moreover, recent studies in the effects of the 
substance on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow led to revising 
the recommendation against its use in brain injury. Furthermore, the 
bronchodilating effects of the substance led to increasing interest for 
potential use in asthma treatment. In addition, separation of the 2 
enantiomers and subsequent separate studies indicated beneficial results of 
the S(+) one. Thus, new controlled multicentered clinical trials are to be 
conducted to justify approval for new uses of ketamine and take advantage of 
its unique range of applications. © 2009 the American College of Clinical 
Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ketamine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
therapy, epidural drug administration, intramuscular drug administration, 
intranasal drug administration, intraperitoneal drug administration, 
intravenous drug administration, oral drug administration, pharmacokinetics, 
pharmacology, rectal drug administration, subcutaneous drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  morphine (drug therapy)
  thiopental (drug combination, pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  asthma (drug therapy)
  bronchospasm (drug therapy)
  burn patient
  cardiovascular system
  child
  clinical trial
  continuous infusion
  drug abuse
  drug bioavailability
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug inhibition
  general anesthesia
  human
  nausea and vomiting (complication, drug therapy)
  nonhuman
  pharmacodynamics
  postanesthesia care
  postoperative analgesia
  postoperative pain (complication, drug therapy)
  review
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  thiopental (71-73-8, 76-75-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009501712
MEDLINE PMID
  19546251 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19546251)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270009337941
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 646
TITLE
  Spanish Consensus on Pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical Care forum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gastelurrutia M.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gastelurrutia M.A.) Forum on Pharmaceutical Care Consensus Committee, .
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.A. Gastelurrutia, Forum on Pharmaceutical Care Consensus Committee, .
SOURCE
  Pharmacy World and Science (2009) 31:4 (500). Date of Publication: August 
2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  PCNE 7th Working Conference
ISSN
  0928-1231
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers
ABSTRACT
  Relevance of the work As in Spain there have been different approaches and 
terminologies about Pharmaceutical Care (PC), making it difficult for PC to 
be implemented, the agreement on a Consensus defining the meaning of the 
common words and services, and their procedures, related to PC Practice can 
be considered as a great step towards the implementation of PC services. Aim 
To reach a consensus on PC definitions and services. Also, to describe the 
education needs for pharmacists and dissemination approaches for PC to be 
implemented and to develop some recommendations for software companies to 
help pharmacists to implement PC services in their pharmacies. Methods A 
Consensus committee including representatives from all the organizations 
related to PC was set up: (General Board of Pharmacy and Health Care 
Products of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, General Council of 
Professional Associations, National Royal Academy of Pharmacy, Spanish 
Society of Primary Care Pharmacists, Spanish Society of Community Pharmacy, 
Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Care Foundation, Spain, 
Pharmaceutical Care Research Group of the University of Granada). Results A 
Consensus document was produced and issued to all participant organizations 
to be disseminated to all Spanish pharmacists. Dispensing, OTC prescription 
and Medicine Management (including follow-up) were defined and presented as 
being the most important PC services. Also the Committee reached a consensus 
on definitions of Drug Related Problems (being possible causes for non 
expected outcomes, such as interactions, non adherence, duplicities, etc.) 
and Negative Outcomes related to the use of Medicines (being these 
categorised in three domains: indication, effectiveness and safety). Also as 
a result of a functional analysis that was carried out by the Committee some 
recommendation on procedures were agreed and proposed to Spanish software 
companies for its implementation in Spanish software programs for 
pharmacies. Conclusion With such an agreement and all the pharmaceutical 
organizations working together trying to reach the same objectives it seems 
easier to get PC services implemented in Spain in the medium term.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  consensus
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community
  computer program
  consumer
  education
  follow up
  health
  health care
  hospital pharmacy
  non profit organization
  organization
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  primary medical care
  safety
  society
  Spain
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-009-9298-8
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 647
TITLE
  Trussed in Evidence? Ambiguities at the interface between clinical evidence 
and clinical practice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Healy D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Healy D., healy_hergest@compuserve.com) Cardiff University, Department of 
Psychological Medicine, Hergest Unit, Bangor, Wales LL57 2PW, United 
Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Healy, Cardiff University, Department of Psychological Medicine, Hergest 
Unit, Bangor, Wales LL57 2PW, United Kingdom. Email: 
healy_hergest@compuserve.com
SOURCE
  Transcultural Psychiatry (2009) 46:1 (16-37). Date of Publication: 2009
ISSN
  1363-4615
  1461-7471 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Ltd, 55 City Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  This article considers the dominance that randomized controlled trials 
(RCTs) of psychotropic agents currently have in relation to the practice of 
psychiatry in mental health and primary care settings. In contemporary 
psychiatry, data of marginal significance based on rating scale measures are 
privileged as evidence that treatments are effective, while judgments of 
drug effects based on clinical practice are downgraded. The dominance of 
RCTs has also led to an increasing promotion of rating scales in clinical 
practice, described here as 'rating scale mongering.' The logical 
consequence of current interpretations of RCT data is that clinicians should 
adhere to guidelines which are based on a systematic assembly of such data, 
but the selective publication of trial data and ghostwriting of 
publications, lays the basis for guideline capture, and a corresponding 
capture of evidence-based clinical practice by pharmaceutical companies. © 
2009 McGill University.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anticonvulsive agent (drug therapy)
  antidepressant agent (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug therapy)
  chlorpromazine (drug therapy)
  clozapine (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  imipramine (drug therapy)
  lithium (drug therapy)
  methylphenidate (drug therapy)
  mood stabilizer (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (drug therapy)
  nicotine (drug therapy)
  olanzapine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy)
  placebo
  psychotropic agent (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  reserpine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  valproic acid (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  mental health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  akathisia (side effect)
  attention deficit disorder (drug therapy)
  bipolar disorder (drug therapy)
  clinical practice
  clinical trial
  conference paper
  controlled clinical trial
  data analysis
  depression (drug therapy, side effect)
  drug efficacy
  drug industry
  drug substitution
  drug withdrawal
  evidence based medicine
  evidence based practice
  food and drug administration
  human
  hypertension (drug therapy)
  information processing
  mania (drug therapy)
  medical decision making
  mood disorder (drug therapy)
  outcome assessment
  patent
  physician attitude
  placebo effect
  practice guideline
  primary medical care
  psychiatry
  psychosis (drug therapy)
  randomized controlled trial
  rating scale
  schizophrenia (drug therapy)
  suicidal behavior (side effect)
  treatment outcome
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Abbott
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  chlorpromazine (50-53-3, 69-09-0)
  clozapine (5786-21-0)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  lithium (7439-93-2)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
  olanzapine (132539-06-1)
  reserpine (50-55-5, 8001-95-4)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009146647
MEDLINE PMID
  19293278 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19293278)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461509102285
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 648
TITLE
  Pharmacists' and pharmacy students' ability to identify drug-related 
problems using TIMER (Tool to Improve Medications in the Elderly via Review)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lee S.S.
  Schwemm A.K.
  Reist J.
  Cantrell M.
  Andreski M.
  Doucette W.R.
  Chrischilles E.A.
  Farris K.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lee S.S.) Kansas University Medical Center, .
(Schwemm A.K.) University of Michigan Health System, .
(Reist J.; Cantrell M.; Andreski M.; Doucette W.R.; Farris K.B., 
karen-farris@uiowa.edu) University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, .
(Reist J.) University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, .
(Cantrell M.) Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States.
(Chrischilles E.A.) University of Iowa College of Public Health, .
(Farris K.B., karen-farris@uiowa.edu) University of Iowa, S525 Pharmacy, 115 
South Grand, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. B. Farris, University of Iowa, S525 Pharmacy, 115 South Grand, Iowa City, 
IA 52242, United States. Email: karen-farris@uiowa.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2009) 73:3 Article Number: 52. 
Date of Publication: 2009
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective. Determine the effectiveness of TIMER (Tool to Improve Medications 
in the Elderly via Review) in helping pharmacists and pharmacy students 
identify drug-related problems during patient medication reviews. Methods. 
In a randomized, controlled study design, geriatric patient cases were sent 
to 136 pharmacists and 108 third-year pharmacy students who were asked to 
identify drug related-problems (DRPs) with and without using TIMER. Results. 
Pharmacists identified more tool-related DRPs using TIMER (p = 0.027). 
Pharmacy students identified more tool-related DRPs using TIMER in the first 
case (p = 0.02), but not in the second. Conclusion. TIMER increased the 
number of DRPs identified by practicing pharmacists and pharmacy students 
during medication reviews of hypothetical patient cases.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medication therapy management
  technical aid
  tool to improve medications in the elderly via review
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  geriatric patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  problem identification
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009286651
MEDLINE PMID
  19564995 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564995)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 649
TITLE
  Nonmedical use of prescription opioids and stimulants among student 
pharmacists.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lord S.
  Downs G.
  Furtaw P.
  Chaudhuri A.
  Silverstein A.
  Gammaitoni A.
  Budman S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lord S.; Downs G.; Furtaw P.; Chaudhuri A.; Silverstein A.; Gammaitoni A.; 
Budman S.) National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Lord, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York, USA. 
Email: lord@ndri.org
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2009) 49:4 
(519-528). Date of Publication: 2009 Jul-Aug
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and patterns of nonmedical use of 
prescription opioid analgesics and stimulants among student pharmacists. 
DESIGN: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. SETTING: 
Private urban college of pharmacy in the United States in fall 2006. 
PARTICIPANTS: 1,538 PharmD students.Intervention: Online survey. MAIN 
OUTCOME MEASURES: Lifetime and past-year nonmedical prescription opioid and 
stimulant use. RESULTS: Response rate for the survey was 62%. Lifetime 
prevalence of opioid misuse was 8%, and 5% of students had misused in the 
past year. Lifetime prevalence of stimulant misuse was 7%, and 5% had 
misused in the past year. Whites and fraternity or sorority members were 
more likely than their peers to have ever misused opioids. Past-year opioid 
misuse was more likely among whites, men, and low academic achievers 
compared with their peers. Lifetime stimulant misuse was more likely among 
students who were white, older, and fraternity or sorority members, while 
past-year misuse was more likely among whites and low academic achievers. 
Common motives for opioid misuse were to have fun, to relax, and to deal 
with chronic pain. Stimulants were used to improve concentration and 
academic performance. Friends were the most common source of prescription 
opioids and stimulants. Nonmedical prescription use was associated with 
greater likelihood of alcohol and other illicit substance use. CONCLUSION: 
The prevalence of prescription medication misuse among student pharmacists 
was lower than (opioids) or comparable with (stimulants) reported rates in 
college populations. Subgroups of students demonstrated higher rates of 
nonmedical use, including whites, students involved with fraternities or 
sororities, and low academic achievers. That friends were the primary source 
of misused medications indicates that diversion of prescription-only 
controlled substances likely occurs among student pharmacists. Nonmedical 
prescription medication use should be considered in the context of other 
substance use.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  central stimulant agent
  narcotic analgesic agent
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (epidemiology)
  opiate addiction (epidemiology)
  pharmacy student
  school
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  attention
  Caucasian
  cross-sectional study
  drinking behavior (epidemiology)
  drug effect
  educational status
  ethnology
  female
  health survey
  human
  male
  pain (drug therapy)
  peer group
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  recreation
  risk factor
  sex difference
  smoking (epidemiology)
  statistics
  United States (epidemiology)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19589764 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589764)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2009.08027
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 650
TITLE
  Overcoming barriers to osteoporosis care in vulnerable elderly patients with 
hip fractures
AUTHOR NAMES
  Switzer J.A.
  Jaglal S.
  Bogoch E.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Switzer J.A., julie.a.switzer@healthpartners.com) Department of Orthopaedic 
Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
(Switzer J.A., julie.a.switzer@healthpartners.com) Regions Hospital, 
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mail Stop #11503L, 640 Jackson Street, 
St. Paul, MN 55101, United States.
(Jaglal S.) Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, 
ON, Canada.
(Bogoch E.R.) Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's 
Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Bogoch E.R.) Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Mobility Program, St. 
Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Bogoch E.R.) University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. A. Switzer, Regions Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mail 
Stop #11503L, 640 Jackson Street, St. Paul, MN 55101, United States. Email: 
julie.a.switzer@healthpartners.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (2009) 23:6 (454-459). Date of Publication: 
July 2009
ISSN
  0890-5339
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Indications for and benefits of providing osteoporosis (OP) care for hip 
fracture patients have become widely understood. The hip fracture patient is 
frequently over age 80 years, minimally ambulatory, has multiple medical 
comorbidities, and has cognitive impairment. Patient barriers to initiation 
of effective OP treatment include: age, dementia, medical comorbidities, 
polypharmacy, lack of adherence with treatment, alcohol abuse, postoperative 
delirium, language barriers, inadequate social support, and socioeconomic 
status. In a large teaching hospital, 244 patients presented with hip 
fracture over 2 years: 72% were female and 64% were over age 80. Forty 
percent had been diagnosed with dementia; another 29% had other severe 
medical comorbidities.Opportunities for OP diagnosis and treatment are 
numerous. In acute care hospitals, coordinator facilitated programs are 
effective for identification, education, assessment, referral, and treatment 
of underlying OP in fracture patients. System modifications may include an 
automated care path or automatic specialist referral for hip fracture 
patients. In the rehabilitation hospital, the patients are in a more stable 
condition, there is a focus on the recent fracture, and there are 
opportunities to initiate OP treatment and to promote adherence. In 
long-term care, dietary intake including calcium and vitamin D 
supplementation and persistence with pharmacotherapy can be monitored. 
Patient education and referral to the family physician for osteoporosis 
investigation and treatment have improved patient knowledge and diagnosis, 
but the reported impact on treatment has been limited.Effective OP care for 
the vulnerable hip fracture patient should be initiated early but may be 
complex and require coordination. In addition to calcium and vitamin D 
supplementation, most patients in this category have an indication for 
aminobisphosphonate therapy. Liaison between the orthopaedic team and the 
discharge destination caregivers, an established discharge diagnosis of 
osteoporosis, and ensuring patients are discharged on supplements and 
medication will promote patient, caregiver, and primary care physician 
awareness of the patient's OP care needs. Education programs may provide 
benefits at later stages, to improve adherence with treatment. © 2009 
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  bisphosphonic acid derivative (drug combination, drug therapy)
  calcium (drug combination, drug therapy)
  risedronic acid (drug combination, drug therapy)
  vitamin D (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  geriatric patient
  hip fracture (complication, disease management, prevention, rehabilitation, 
surgery)
  osteoporosis (drug therapy, diagnosis, disease management, drug therapy)
  postmenopause osteoporosis (drug therapy, diagnosis, disease management, 
drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  aging
  alcoholism
  Alzheimer disease (diagnosis)
  bone density
  bone mineral
  caregiver
  cognitive defect
  comorbidity
  conference paper
  delirium
  dementia (diagnosis)
  diet supplementation
  female
  general practitioner
  geriatric care
  health care access
  health care cost
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  nursing home patient
  patient care
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient referral
  polypharmacy
  primary medical care
  priority journal
  sex difference
  social support
  socioeconomics
  substance abuse
  vitamin D deficiency (drug therapy, prevention)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  calcium (14092-94-5, 7440-70-2)
  risedronic acid (105462-24-6, 122458-82-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (19)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Orthopedic Surgery (33)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009372676
MEDLINE PMID
  19550234 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19550234)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0b013e31815e92d2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 651
TITLE
  Use and overuse of antimigraine drugs by pharmacy personnel in France: COTA 
survey: Research submission
AUTHOR NAMES
  Donnet A.
  Lantéri-Minet M.
  Aucoin F.
  Allaf B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Donnet A.) Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Federation, La 
Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
(Lantéri-Minet M.) Department of Evaluation and Treatment of Pain, Pasteur 
University Hospital, Nice, France.
(Lantéri-Minet M.) INSERM 929, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
(Aucoin F.) Pharmacist, Paris, France.
(Allaf B.) Almirall SAS, Paris, France.
(Donnet A.) Service de Neurologie, Hôpital la Timone, 264 boulevard 
Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Donnet, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital la Timone, 264 boulevard 
Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex, France.
SOURCE
  Headache (2009) 49:7 (1014-1021). Date of Publication: July-August 2009
ISSN
  0017-8748
  1526-4610 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Background. - Pharmacy personnel are supposed to be well informed of 
recommendations for proper migraine management, but their easy access to 
medicines may favor self-medication and promote medication overuse for those 
with frequent migraine attacks. Objective. - The main objective of the COTA 
survey was to investigate migraine management by pharmacy personnel who 
considered themselves as migraineurs. Methods. - Out of 22,000 pharmacies 
currently open in France, a questionnaire was proposed to a random sample of 
∼4000 pharmacies with at least 1 self-considered migraineur in the pharmacy 
staff who accepted to complete and return the questionnaire. The reality of 
migraine was assessed by the study questionnaire according to the 
International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition (ICHD-II) 
criteria. In addition, the study questionnaire inquired about subjects' 
demographics, headache characteristics, consumption of medications for 
headaches, subjects' satisfaction with the usual treatment of headaches and 
treatment effectiveness. Medication overuse was defined in terms of 
treatment days per month during the previous 3 months according to the 
ICHD-II criteria for medication overuse headache. Results. - Some 74% of the 
3326 participating pharmacies with a self-considered migraine subject among 
their staff actually returned the survey questionnaire. Using the ICHD-II 
criteria, migraine was confirmed in 85% of participating subjects, of whom 
38% were under medical supervision and had asked for a prescription, and 27% 
used recommended medications. The treatment used was truly effective for 
only 31% of migraineurs. Medication overuse was observed in 21% of all 
participating subjects, mostly migraineurs. Most migraineurs with medication 
overuse (81%) used nonrecommended treatments. Conclusions. - Considering 
their pivotal role in advising migraine patients who seek their help with 
self-management, migraine education of pharmacy personnel about proper 
migraine management should be reinforced. © 2009 American Headache Society.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antimigraine agent (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (drug combination, drug therapy)
  ergotamine (drug therapy)
  ibuprofen (drug therapy)
  metoclopramide (drug combination, drug therapy)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (drug therapy)
  opiate derivative (drug therapy)
  paracetamol (drug therapy)
  triptan derivative (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  migraine (drug therapy, drug therapy, prevention)
  pharmacist attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  demography
  disease classification
  disease severity
  drug efficacy
  drug misuse (epidemiology)
  female
  France
  health personnel attitude
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  observational study
  patient satisfaction
  prescription
  priority journal
  recurrent disease (etiology)
  self care
  symptomatology
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  aspirin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  ergotamine (113-15-5, 52949-35-6)
  ibuprofen (15687-27-1)
  metoclopramide (12707-59-4, 2576-84-3, 364-62-5, 7232-21-5)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009383572
MEDLINE PMID
  19486362 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19486362)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01395.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 652
TITLE
  College student receptiveness to various alcohol treatment options
AUTHOR NAMES
  Epler A.J.
  Sher K.J.
  Loomis T.B.
  O'Malley S.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Epler A.J., aje4x9@mizzou.edu; Sher K.J.; Loomis T.B.) Department of 
Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Midwest Alcoholism Research 
Center, Columbia, MO.
(O'Malley S.S.) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of 
Medicine, New Haven, CT.
(Epler A.J., aje4x9@mizzou.edu) University of Missouri-Columbia, Department 
of Psychological Sciences, Psychology Building, 200 S 7th Street, Columbia, 
MO 65211, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. J. Epler, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Psychological 
Sciences, Psychology Building, 200 S 7th Street, Columbia, MO 65211, United 
States. Email: aje4x9@mizzou.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of American College Health (2009) 58:1 (26-32). Date of Publication: 
1 Jul 2009
ISSN
  0744-8481
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Routledge, 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Heavy episodic drinking remains a significant problem on college 
campuses. Although most interventions for college students are behavioral, 
pharmacological treatments, such as naltrexone, could provide additional 
options. Participants: The authors evaluated receptivity to various alcohol 
treatment options in a general population of college student drinkers (N = 
2,084), assessed in 2005. Methods: The authors asked participants to 
indicate which of 8 treatment options (ie, self-help book, self-help 
computer program, self-help group, group therapy, individual therapy, 
monthly injection, targeted oral medication, or daily oral medication) they 
would be willing to consider if they were going to cut down on or stop 
drinking. Results: Over 50% of drinkers expressed receptiveness to self-help 
options or psychotherapy options, and over 25% of drinkers expressed 
receptiveness to medication options. Conclusions: Increasing treatment 
options for students interested in reducing or stopping drinking by offering 
pharmacological interventions such as naltrexone could provide an important 
unmet need among college students. Copyright © 2009 Heldref Publications.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  naltrexone (drug therapy)
  narcotic antagonist (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy, prevention)
  drinking behavior (epidemiology)
  drug dependence treatment
  patient attitude
  student
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  female
  human
  male
  multivariate analysis
  psychometry
  risk
  statistical model
  statistics
  United States (epidemiology)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19592350 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19592350)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.58.1.26-32
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 653
TITLE
  An advanced pharmacy practice experience in inpatient medication education
AUTHOR NAMES
  Donihi A.C.
  Weber R.J.
  Sirio C.A.
  Mark S.M.
  Meyer S.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Donihi A.C., calabresea@upmc.edu; Weber R.J.; Mark S.M.; Meyer S.M.) 
University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, .
(Donihi A.C., calabresea@upmc.edu; Weber R.J.; Mark S.M.) University of 
Pittsburgh Medical Center, .
(Sirio C.A.) University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, .
(Donihi A.C., calabresea@upmc.edu) University of Pittsburgh, Department of 
Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 302 Scaife Hall, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 
PA 15213, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. C. Donihi, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmacy and 
Therapeutics, 302 Scaife Hall, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, 
United States. Email: calabresea@upmc.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2009) 73:1 Article Number: 11. 
Date of Publication: 2009
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective. To describe a unique advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) 
in which pharmacy students provided medication education to hospitalized 
patients. Design. Students were trained to independently assess patients' 
needs for education and identify drugrelated problems. Students then 
provided medication education and performed medication therapy management 
under the supervision of clinical staff pharmacists. To assess the impact of 
the APPE, the number of hospitalized patients assessed and educated during 
the 3-month time period prior to student involvement was compared to the 
first 3 months of the APPE. Assessment. Student participation increased the 
number of patients receiving medication education and medication therapy 
management from the hospital pharmacy. At the end of the APPE, students 
reported that the experience positively affected their ability to impact 
patients' care and to critique their own learning and skills. Conclusion. 
The inpatient medication education APPE provided students the opportunity to 
be responsible and accountable for the provision of direct patient care. In 
addition, the APPE benefitted the hospital, the school of pharmacy, and, 
most importantly, the patients.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  medical practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  hospital patient
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  learning
  medical staff
  patient care
  patient education
  skill
  student
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009234774
MEDLINE PMID
  19513148 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19513148)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 654
TITLE
  The postgraduate education of pharmacists in Poland
AUTHOR NAMES
  Komosinska-Vassev K.
  Olczyk P.
  Olczyk K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Komosinska-Vassev K.; Olczyk P., olczyk@sum.edu.pl; Olczyk K.) The Faculty 
of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, 
Poland.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Education (2010) 10:1 (17-18). Date of Publication: Mar 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  EAFP Annual Conference, 2009
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Oslo, Norway
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-06-18 to 2009-06-20
ISSN
  1560-2214
  1477-2701 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  FIP
ABSTRACT
  Introduction The professional activity of pharmacists is based on the 
constantly developing pharmaceutical sciences. The aim of pharmacists is not 
just to dispense medications but identify patient problems, implement and 
assess the pharmacotherapy effectiveness and safety, educate patients and 
collaborate with other healthcare providers in order to optimize therapeutic 
outcomes and avoid or correct drug-related problems. Profound changes 
concerning the role of pharmacists in the healthcare system causes a need 
for continuing education and acquisition of additional skills of pharmacists 
throughout their whole professional career. Description of programme 
Postgraduate education of pharmacists in Poland consists of various forms of 
training, including optional pharmacy specialisation courses, continuing 
trainings and doctoral programmes. The Faculty of Pharmacy at Medical 
University of Silesia organises courses for pharmacy practitioners, which 
are part of their specializing process in the field of community pharmacy as 
well as their postgraduate continuing education. Every year 165 pharmacists 
begin specialisation in community pharmacy. The three-year programme 
includes both theoretical courses and practical workshops divided into seven 
modules. The first, advances in pharmaceutical sciences, takes 75 hours. A 
second module discussing problems of the modern formulation encompasses 30 
hours of training. Another 15 hours refers to the applied pharmacokinetics. 
Subsequent training in biopharmaceutical evaluation of technology, drug 
dosage form, pharmaceutical care, and legal and ethical aspects of 
pharmaceutical services takes 55, 20 and 15 hours, respectively. The last 
five hours of training are dedicated for the summarizing module. During 
specialisation pharmacist must submit a publication to be assessed by the 
specialisation supervisor. State exam ending the specialisation consists of 
two parts, a practical test and theory exam. Graduates of the community 
pharmacy specialisation gain specific qualifications and practical skills to 
function as an independent adviser, providing patient‟s safe and responsible 
pharmacotherapy. The professional community pharmacy specialist may also be 
responsible for the provision, supervising and development training 
programmes carried out in pharmacies for the pharmacy staff and pharmacy 
students. With the exception of the postgraduate specialisation programme, 
the Faculty of Pharmacy at Medical University of Silesia can organize 
continuing learning courses. Continuous compulsory postgraduate education 
was incorporated in 2003 as a new element of postgraduate training of 
pharmacists in Poland. Through continued clinical and additional learning 
opportunities, pharmacists improve their knowledge base and skills necessary 
for advance professional qualifications in accordance with the progress of 
pharmacy science and related fields. Since a pharmacist must be able to 
define patients‟ medical problems and assess current pharmacotherapy, a 
strong position of clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care appears in 
permanent courses provided by our Faculty. The participants taking part in 
the permanent learning courses receive educational points required according 
of law regulations of their profession. Finally, the Faculty of Pharmacy has 
been offering both intramural and extramural doctoral studies within the 
framework of postgraduate studies in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. 
The doctoral programme lasting four years is open only to holders of 
Master‟s degree. Evaluation Assessment of continued professional education 
is carried out in the five-year educational period, during which the 
pharmacist should collect at least 100 educational points. Furthermore, the 
National Accreditation Commission evaluated postgraduate specialisation 
programmes and our Faculty received an accreditation certificate authorizing 
specialisation in the field of community pharmacy. Future plans Future plans 
include implementation of the new programmes of specialisation in Clinical 
Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis and Public Health into 
postgraduate educational practice.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  human
  pharmacist
  Poland
  postgraduate education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accreditation
  clinical pharmacy
  continuing education
  drug analysis
  drug dosage form
  drug therapy
  ethics
  graduate
  health care personnel
  health care system
  hospital pharmacy
  knowledge base
  learning
  medical specialist
  occupation
  patient
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmaceutics
  pharmacokinetics
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  physician
  postgraduate student
  public health
  safety
  skill
  technology
  university
  vocational education
  workshop
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 655
TITLE
  Modification of serum lipid profile in chronic pancreatitis patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Serban C.
  Susan L.
  Pacurari A.
  Banciu C.
  Gotia S.
  Savoiu G.
  Romosan I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Serban C.; Savoiu G.) Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine 
and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania.
(Susan L.; Pacurari A.; Banciu C.; Romosan I.) IVth Medical Clinic, 
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
(Gotia S.) Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 
“Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Serban, Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 
“Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania.
SOURCE
  Pancreatology (2009) 9:4 (513). Date of Publication: June 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  41st European Pancreatic Club (EPC) Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Szeged, Hungary
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-07-01 to 2009-07-04
CONFERENCE EDITORS
  Hegyi P.
  Takacs T.
  Venglovecz V.
  Takacs T.
  Rakonczay Z.
  Takacs T.
  Venglovecz V.
  Takacs T.
ISSN
  1424-3903
BOOK PUBLISHER
  S. Karger AG
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Lipid metabolism disorders may be an independent risk factor 
especially for chronic pancreatitis without alcoholic etiology. Objectives: 
The main purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and associated 
lipid disorders in chronic pancreatitis patients. Patients and Methods: We 
selected a group of 52 patients with chronic pancreatitis, hospitalized 
between January 2006 and January 2009 in the IVth Medical Clinic of 
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara. All the patients 
were investigated clinically, paraclinically (total cholesterol, 
triglycerides, LDLcholesterol and HDL-cholesterol) and imagistically 
(abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal and chest x-ray). Results: For the 
patients with chronic pancreatitis with alcoholic etiology, 42% presented 
hypertriglyceridemia with values between 150-300 mg%, 11% 
hypertriglyceridemia with values over 300 mg%. 5.2% patients showed 
hypertriglyceridemia (150-300 mg%) associated with hypercholesterolemia 
(200-250 mg%) and low HDL-cholesterol (<35 mg%). The patients with chronic 
pancreatitis with non-alcoholic etiology presented lipid disorders like 
hypertriglyceridemia with values between 150-300 mg% (2 patients), 
hypertriglyceridemia with values over 300 mg% associated with 
hypercholesterolemia (> 250 mg%) in 2 patients and hypercholesterolemia> 250 
mg% associated with low HDL-cholesterol in another 2 patients. Conclusion: 
Lipid disorders are common in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Isolated 
hypertriglyceridemia or associated with hypercholesterolemia are frequent. 
An important etiological factor in these patients is alcohol abuse. For the 
patients with chronic pancreatitis without alcoholic etiology, dislipidemia 
and especially hypertriglyceridemia may be an etiological factor.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  high density lipoprotein
  high density lipoprotein cholesterol
  lipid
  triacylglycerol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pancreatitis
  lipid blood level
  patient
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol abuse
  alcoholism
  cholesterol blood level
  disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism
  echography
  etiology
  hospital
  hypercholesterolemia
  hypertriglyceridemia
  pharmacy
  risk factor
  thorax radiography
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000218095
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 656
TITLE
  Continuing Professional Development Program’s (CPD’s) in pharmacy: Since 
1986 in Turkey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Coskun M.
  Kırımer N.
  Akcay F.
  Pabuccuoglu M. V.
  Demirhan İ.
  Baykal T.
  Basaran A.
  Aktay G.
  Sarıyar G.
  Rollas S.
  Saygı S.
  Erol D. D.
  Demirdamar R.
  Baser H. C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Coskun M.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
(Kırımer N.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskisehir, Turkey.
(Akcay F.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzurum, Turkey.
(Pabuccuoglu M. V.) Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir, Turkey.
(Demirhan İ.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Kayseri, Turkey.
(Baykal T.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
(Basaran A.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
(Aktay G.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Malatya, Turkey.
(Sarıyar G.) Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey.
(Rollas S.) Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey.
(Saygı S.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin, Turkey.
(Erol D. D.) Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey.
(Demirdamar R.) Faculty of Pharmacy Mersin 10 – TRNC, Turkish Pharmacists 
Association (TEB) Cinnah Caddesi, Willy Brandt Sok. No:9 06690, Cankaya, 
ANKARA, Turkey.
(Baser H. C.)
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Education (2010) 10:1 (20-21). Date of Publication: Mar 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  EAFP Annual Conference, 2009
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Oslo, Norway
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-06-18 to 2009-06-20
ISSN
  1560-2214
  1477-2701 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  FIP
ABSTRACT
  With the development of the pharmaceutical industry in Turkey, the role of 
the pharmacist in the pharmacy practice also changed; parallel to this 
change, the existing curiculum of pharmacy education did not fully meet the 
needs of the paharmacy practice. Thus, postgraduate programmes emerged as a 
need. Continuing Professional Development Programs (called Inter 
Professional Education Programs-MİEP’s) have been conducted in cooperation 
with the Schools of Pharmacy and the Chamber of Pharmacists. The first 
professional development programme in Turkey was organised at Ankara 
University Faculty of Pharmacy in 1986. This first programme included 
applied first aid, social pharmacy and computer use in pharmacy practice; a 
total of 26 subjects to which 139 pharmacists attended. During the following 
years each chamber of pharmacy (at that time there were 49 chambers of 
pharmacy) organised its own MİEP. In 1996, at the General Assembly of the 
Turkish Pharmacists Association, 18 topics were chosen for MİEP’s. 
Antibiotics, Pain and Analgesics, Hypertension and its treatment, Diabetes, 
Asthma, Peptic Ulcer, Contraception, Drugs used to treat children, Substance 
abuse and dependence, Respiratoty infections in children, Phytotherapy, and 
Pharmacy Administration are some of these topics. Lecturers of Faculties of 
Pharmacies planned and delivered these courses. Between 1996 and 2003 a 
total of 162 MİEP’s were organised. Turkish Pharmacists Association (TEB) 
established ‘TEB Academy’ in 2002, aiming to provide Continuing Professional 
Development through the programmes organised for the Pharmacists. These 
programmes are structured and conducted by the faculty of 13 Schools of 
Pharmacies. Safe use of medicines during pregnancy and lactation, Good 
Pharmacy Practice/Clinical pharmacy, Infectious diseases, Hypertension, 
Obesity, Pain, Endocrine diseases, Dermacosmetics, Pharmacy administration, 
Radiopharmacy, Asthma and allergic diseases, Diabetes, Role of the 
Pharmacist in safe drug use in the elderly, Avian Flu, Rational Antibiotic 
Use, Pharmacy Technician programmmes are some of the programmes organised. 
We have planned this study to evaluate the results of these MİEP’s and CPD 
programmes.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  antibiotic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  professional development
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  allergic disease
  asthma
  avian influenza
  child
  computer
  contraception
  diabetes mellitus
  drug industry
  drug use
  education
  education program
  endocrine disease
  first aid
  human
  hypertension
  infection
  lactation
  management
  obesity
  pain
  peptic ulcer
  pharmacist
  pharmacy technician
  phytotherapy
  postgraduate student
  pregnancy
  school
  substance abuse
  university
  vocational education
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 657
TITLE
  Lipopolysaccharide directly inhibits human peptide transporter1 (hPepT1) 
function
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chang F.H.
  Xu L.
  Alkana R.L.
  Davies D.L.
  Asatryan L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chang F.H.; Xu L.; Alkana R.L.; Davies D.L.; Asatryan L.) School of 
Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
(Chang F.H.; Xu L.; Alkana R.L.; Davies D.L.; Asatryan L.) 1985 Zonal Ave., 
PSC 400, Los Angeles, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F.H. Chang, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los 
Angeles, United States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2009) 33 SUPPL. 1 (25A). 
Date of Publication: June 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  Texas Research Society On Alcoholism - 19th Annual Scientific Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-02-20 to 2009-02-20
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  Chronic alcohol consumption frequently leads to disturbances in the 
absorption of nutrients and induces bacterial overgrowth in the small 
intestine. The human peptide transporter 1 (hPepT1), in the small intestine, 
mediates the transport of di-and tri-peptides as well as several orally 
administered peptidomimetic drugs. We recently demonstrated that ethanol can 
directly inhibit the function of hPepT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 
However, ethanol may also affect di-peptide uptake indirectly via the 
bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To test this hypothesis, the 
current study utilized two cell models, the Caco-2 cell line that 
endogenously expresses the transporter activity, and hPepT1-transfected 
HEK293 cells. We measured the cellular uptake of labeled glycylsarcosine 
([3H]GlySar - a nonhydrolysable PepT1 substrate) in the cells pretreated 
with LPS (0.1 μg/ml-2 μg/ml). We found that LPS inhibited hPepT1 function in 
a concentration dependent manner after 30min incubation in both cell lines. 
LPS (4 μg/ml) treated cells had a 60% reduction in GlySar uptake compared to 
non-treated cells with comparable IC(50) values for day 4 Caco-2 and HEK293 
cells (IC(50) of 2.5 μg/ml for Caco-2 and 2.1 μg/ml for HEK293 cells). We 
found that the degree of inhibition by LPS was reduced to 46 ± 2.6% from the 
control uptake level on day 21 Caco-2 cells (IC(50) of 4.6 μg/ml). We also 
observed time-dependent changes in [(3)H]GlySar uptake that showed 
inhibition of GlySar uptake at 30min and 1hr after the treatment of Caco-2 
cells with 0.5 μg/ml LPS. The inhibitory effect recovered at 2 hrs. 
Remarkably, we also found that inhibition of GlySar uptake in hPepT1 was 
significantly greater when LPS was present during the di-peptide uptake 
phase compared to the assays when LPS was omitted from the uptake medium. 
Overall, the results suggest that, despite a cellular component in the 
action of LPS, the short-term inhibition of peptide uptake in hPepT1 may be 
primarily due to the direct action of LPS on hPepT1 activity. Direct action 
on hPepT1 represents a new mechanism that may explain the underlying dietary 
and immunological deficiencies that many alcoholics experience. We will use 
electrophysiological techniques to further study the mechanism of the 
inhibitory action of LPS on the hPepT1 activity. Support: NIAAA/NIH KO-1 
AA017243, AA013922, AA03972, and USC School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  lipopolysaccharide
  peptide
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  endotoxin
  glycylsarcosine
  peptide transporter 1
  peptidomimetic agent
  trichloroethylene
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  human
  society
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  absorption
  alcohol consumption
  assay
  bacterial overgrowth
  CACO 2 cell line
  cell line
  hypothesis
  immune deficiency
  model
  nutrient
  oocyte
  pharmacy
  school
  small intestine
  Xenopus
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00957.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 658
TITLE
  Treatment of alcohol dependence.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hanwella R.
  de Silva V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hanwella R.) Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
Colombo, Sri Lanka.
(de Silva V.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Hanwella, Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
Colombo, Sri Lanka. Email: raveenhanwella@yahoo.co.uk
SOURCE
  The Ceylon medical journal (2009) 54:2 (63-65). Date of Publication: Jun 
2009
ISSN
  0009-0875
ABSTRACT
  It is important to manage alcohol withdrawal properly. Mismanagement could 
lead to permanent brain damage or even death. The principles are simple and 
easily learnt. New pharmacological agents have come into use which helps in 
maintaining abstinence. Clinicians should update themselves on their use.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acamprosate
  disulfiram (drug therapy)
  drug derivative
  drugs used in the treatment of addiction (drug therapy)
  fructose (drug therapy)
  naltrexone (drug therapy)
  narcotic antagonist (drug therapy)
  neuroprotective agent
  taurine (drug therapy)
  topiramate
  vitamin (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acamprosate (77337-73-6)
  disulfiram (97-77-8)
  fructose (30237-26-4, 57-48-7, 7660-25-5, 77907-44-9)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  taurine (107-35-7)
  topiramate (97240-79-4)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19670554 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19670554)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 659
TITLE
  Master’s Programme in healthcare pharmacy (pharmaceutical care)
AUTHOR NAMES
  López M. G.
  De Apodaca F. O. O.
  Rodríguez A. Q.
  Simón C. R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (López M. G., maria.guinea@uah.es; De Apodaca F. O. O.) Facultad de 
Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía 
A2) Km. 33, 600 · 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
(Rodríguez A. Q.; Simón C. R.) Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Madrid, 
C/ Sta. Engracia 31, 28010-Madrid, Spain.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Education (2010) 10:1 (21-22). Date of Publication: Mar 2010
CONFERENCE NAME
  EAFP Annual Conference, 2009
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Oslo, Norway
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-06-18 to 2009-06-20
ISSN
  1560-2214
  1477-2701 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  FIP
ABSTRACT
  Background The main objective of the Master programme in Health Care 
Pharmacy is to provide the necessary tools and knowledge to community 
pharmacists who participate in it, which pharmaceutical care activities 
require. With this purpose, theoretical lectures are complementary to 
hands-on training on the use of specific computer software (developed by the 
Madrid College of Pharmacists). The duration of the course is 9 months, and 
equivalent to 60 ECTS European Credits, during which students will work 
through all eight modules. Additionally, several workshops will take place 
both in computer room and community pharmacies. The Master‟s degree is 
awarded by the Alcalá de Henares University along with the Madrid College of 
Pharmacists. In November 2008, the Faculty of Pharmacy of Universidad de 
Alcalá de Henares, the Madrid College of Pharmacists and Normon Laboratories 
signed a global cooperation agreement in order to promote management, 
training and information projects and initiatives that would benefit the 
professional activities of community pharmacists. So far, the result of that 
agreement has been the creation of a Chair in Pharmaceutical Care and the 
launch of a Master‟s programme in Healthcare Pharmacy during the academic 
year 2008-2009, beginning in January 2009 until December 2009. Aim In 
response to the growing health needs, community pharmacists have to provide 
new professional services with a focus on populations and individual 
patients. In this context, pharmaceutical care is one of the most important 
practices to be implemented in our health system, especially due to the 
legal obligation that community pharmacists have to supply it. Consequently, 
we have designed a master‟s programme to ensure that participating students 
will be able to obtain the competences and knowledge required to satisfy the 
health care needs. The main learning objectives have been set according to 
the World Health Organization and International Pharmaceutical Federation‟s 
Handbook of Developing Pharmacy Practice, which includes a description about 
the concept of the pharmaceutical care, discussion about the therapeutic 
problems associated with drugs, analysis of main steps in the pharmaceutical 
care process and how they contribute to Good Pharmaceutical Practice, the 
elements of pharmaceutical care plans, the therapeutic follow-up and outcome 
monitoring to assure continuity of care, and the mechanisms for detecting 
and identifying priorities for pharmaceutical care in resource-limited 
environments. Method The methodology is meant to be practical and based in 
the study of the methods, protocols and Information Technology tools (TICs) 
that guarantee the implementation of pharmaceutical care at the community 
pharmacy level. With this purpose, it is very important to complement 
theoretical lectures with training on the use of computer software, 
specifically targeted to achieve the practical application of the knowledge 
required. This methodology allows students to obtain conceptual competencies 
(understanding of the theory and practice of pharmaceutical care), technical 
competencies (ability to execute skills required in that area) and 
integrative competencies (ability to connect theory and skills). The 
duration of the course is nine months and equivalent to 60 ECTS Credits, 15 
theoretical (105h) and 45 classes (315h). The lectures take place both at 
the University and at the Madrid College of Pharmacists in classrooms labs, 
computer room and community pharmacies. During the course, several workshops 
will take place both in computer labs and community pharmacies. Both 
students and faculty are involved in the evaluation process, according to 
the quality assurance system established in the Alcalá de Henares 
University, by using a specific pro forma. This form is distributed to 
students and teachers during the last meeting of each course. Critical 
comments will help to revise teaching contents and improve teaching methods. 
All students are continuously evaluated thorough the acquisitions of 
competencies described in the objectives. Conclusion The degree is awarded 
by faculty from the Universidad de Alcalá de Henares and the Madrid College 
of Pharmacists. In addition, it is our intention that the coursework will be 
recognized as formal credits for those students who want to carry out their 
PhD dissertation later on.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  college
  competence
  computer
  computer program
  environment
  follow up
  health
  health care need
  human
  information technology
  laboratory
  learning
  methodology
  monitoring
  patient
  patient care
  pharmacist
  population
  quality control
  skill
  student
  teacher
  teaching
  tic
  university
  workshop
  world health organization
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 660
TITLE
  Effects of chronic ethanol on pregnanolone-induced disruptions in learning 
in rhesus monkeys
AUTHOR NAMES
  Winsauer P.J.
  Moerschbaecher J.M.
  Dufour J.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Winsauer P.J.; Moerschbaecher J.M.; Dufour J.P.) Department of 
Pharmacology, Alcohol Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, .
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.J. Winsauer, Department of Pharmacology, Alcohol Research Center, LSU 
Health Sciences Center, .
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2009) 33 SUPPL. 1 (218A). 
Date of Publication: June 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  Texas Research Society On Alcoholism - 19th Annual Scientific Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-02-20 to 2009-02-20
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  To examine the chronic effects of alcohol on learning and the underlying 
pharmacodynamic mechanisms, 2 groups of young male rhesus monkeys trained to 
respond under a task with acquisition and performance components received 5 
hours of ethanol or sucrose 4 consecutive days per week for 12 months via an 
intragastric catheter. Blood ethanol concentrations averaged 55 mM/L for 
approximately 4.5 hours of the infusion. All subjects were tested 5 days per 
week, with 3 days of testing in the absence of ethanol or sucrose 
administration and 2 days of testing in the presence of their 
administration. In the absence of ethanol or sucrose administration, little 
or no disruption in the learning or performance components was observed in 
either response rate or the percentage of errors (accuracy) compared to 
pre-chronic baseline of behavior. During ethanol administration, decreases 
in response rate and accuracy were evident mostly in the acquisition 
components, whereas during sucrose administration, only response rate was 
affected. In addition, the disruptions on the initial day of ethanol 
administration were generally larger than on the second day of ethanol. 
Cumulative dose-effect curves for the neurosteroid pregnanolone (1.8-10 
mg/kg, i.m.) were also determined in each group before and after varying 
periods of chronic ethanol administration. When cumulative doses of 
pregnanolone were administered in the absence of ethanol prior to chronic 
ethanol treatments, dose-dependent decreases in overall response rate and 
accuracy occurred in both components in all subjects. These same disruptive 
effects continued to occur with equal potency in both the alcohol- and 
sucrose-treated groups over time as chronic ethanol administration 
progressed. These results suggest that chronic ethanol administration, while 
producing tolerance to the disruptive effects of ethanol on learning, does 
not necessarily produce tolerance to the disruptive effects of pregnanolone 
on learning.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  eltanolone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  neurosteroid
  sucrose
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  learning
  rhesus monkey
  society
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol blood level
  catheter
  dose response
  infusion
  intragastric drug administration
  male
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00957.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 661
TITLE
  Developing a lentiviral gene delivery system to investigate the role of 
purinergic P2X receptors in alcohol-induced behaviors in the CNS
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wyatt L.
  Asatryan L.
  Woodward J.J.
  Alkana R.L.
  Davies D.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wyatt L.; Asatryan L.; Woodward J.J.; Alkana R.L.; Davies D.L.) Department 
of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University 
of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Wyatt, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of 
Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2009) 33 SUPPL. 1 (202A). 
Date of Publication: June 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  Texas Research Society On Alcoholism - 19th Annual Scientific Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-02-20 to 2009-02-20
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  P2X receptors (P2XRs) are a family of cation-permeable ligand-gated ion 
channels (LGICs) gated by synaptically released extracellular ATP. Previous 
work demonstrates that ethanol inhibits ATP-activated currents in rat and 
mouse neurons suggesting a role for P2XRs in ethanol-induced behaviors. 
Despite these interesting findings, the lack of specific P2XR agonists and 
antagonists has hampered our ability to determine the role that individual 
P2XR subtypes play in mediating ethanol-induced behaviors. Moreover, whole 
animal transgenic models do not allow for studies of behavioral roles of 
individual P2XRs expressed in different brain regions. To address these 
limitations, our laboratory is developing an alternative approach that uses 
lentiviral gene delivery and/or gene silencing methodology in neurons. In 
the current study, we focused on P2X4Rs due to their abundant expression in 
the CNS and previous recombinant investigations that demonstrate inhibition 
of ATP-gated currents by ethanol in P2X4Rs. We employed two commercially 
available recombinant lentiviral expression systems (Clontech and 
GeneCopoeia) that utilize either HIV-1 or FIV-based sequences and a 
lentiviral packaging signal for pseudovirus production. Control lentiviral 
production and infection yielded 90-100% expression of GFP in rat primary 
cortical and hippocampal neurons. GFP signals were visible over 7-10 days. 
We next cloned a P2X4R gene into the fluorescent GFP-tag vector to generate 
a C-terminal fusion protein. Transduction of neurons with the P2X4-GFP 
fusion vector resulted in a punctate fluorescence pattern that is typical 
for intracellular distribution of P2X4Rs. Importantly, transduction 
efficiency of P2X4R-GFP was significantly higher (>50%) than what is 
typically observed during lipid-based transfections of neurons (<10%). Taken 
together, these results are an important step forward in the delivery of 
P2XRs in neurons. This work sets the stage for future utilization of 
lentiviral gene delivery for manipulations of the expression levels of 
individual P2XR subtypes in a brain region-specific manner and thus provides 
a means to investigate the role of specific P2XR subtypes in ethanol-induced 
behaviors. Support: NIAAA/NIH AA013922, AA003972, AA017243, AA009986 and USC 
School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adenosine triphosphate
  cation
  hybrid protein
  ion channel
  ligand
  lipid
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  central nervous system
  gene delivery system
  society
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agonist
  brain region
  cellular distribution
  fluorescence
  gene
  gene expression system
  gene silencing
  gene targeting
  genetic transfection
  Human immunodeficiency virus
  infection
  laboratory
  methodology
  model
  mouse
  nerve cell
  packaging
  pharmacy
  rat
  school
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00957.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 662
TITLE
  Kinetic properties of ATP-gated currents modulated by ethanol in wildtype 
and mutant P2X4 receptors using whole-cell patch clamp
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ostrovskaya O.
  Asatryan L.
  Popova M.
  Li K.-X.
  Alkana R.L.
  Davies D.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ostrovskaya O.; Asatryan L.; Popova M.; Li K.-X.; Alkana R.L.; Davies D.L.) 
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United 
States.
(Ostrovskaya O.; Asatryan L.; Popova M.; Li K.-X.; Alkana R.L.; Davies D.L.) 
1985 Zonal Ave., PSC 500, Los Angeles, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Ostrovskaya, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los 
Angeles, United States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2009) 33 SUPPL. 1 (85A). 
Date of Publication: June 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  Texas Research Society On Alcoholism - 19th Annual Scientific Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-02-20 to 2009-02-20
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  P2X receptors (P2XRs) are ion channels gated by synaptically released ATP. 
Previous work demonstrates that ethanol inhibits P2X4R currents expressed in 
Xenopus oocytes. However, little is known regarding how ethanol causes 
inhibition of ATP-gated currents in P2X4Rs. We begin to address this issue 
by investigating the effects of ethanol in WT and mutant P2X4Rs expressed in 
HEK293 cells using whole-cell patch clamp. In agreement with previous oocyte 
studies, ethanol (100 mM) significantly inhibited ATP (3 μM) gated currents 
in WT P2X4Rs (residual current was 67.6±1.5% of control). Ethanol inhibition 
of ATP-gated currents was rapid with rates comparable to the rates of 
solution exchange (∼10 ms). Moreover, the action of ethanol occurred 
simultaneously with ATP. We found that treatment with ethanol prior to 
application of ethanol/ATP did not significantly affect ethanol action. 
Also, ethanol applied in the absence of ATP did not significantly alter 
baseline current. Finally, preapplication of ethanol followed by ATP alone 
did not significantly affect ATP-gated currents compared to control 
currents. These results suggest that ethanol inhibits ATP-gated currents by 
acting as an open channel blocker. The rapid rate of ethanol action, taken 
together with the characteristics of ethanol acting as an open channel 
blocker suggest that the site of ethanol action is located near the channel 
pore. This latter contention is supported by previous oocyte studies which 
identified specific residues in P2X4Rs (Trp46, Asp331 and Met336) at the 
ectodomain-transmembrane domain interfaces that when mutated significantly 
reduced the action of ethanol. Using patch clamp we next tested the effects 
of ethanol (100mM) on the mutant D331A and M336A P2X4Rs. We found that 
control ATP (3 μM)-induced currents measured in both mutant receptors 
exhibited a slower rate of deactivation (tau off =977.8 ± 126.4 and 772.1 ± 
235.6 correspondingly) compared to WT (tau off = 217.1 ± 3.3). In addition, 
we found that the magnitude of ethanol inhibition of ATP-activated currents 
was significantly reduced in both mutants D331A and M336A (residual currents 
were 88.0±3.4% and 84.5±2.2% correspondingly). The reduction in magnitude of 
ethanol inhibition was similar to that reported in oocytes. Overall, the 
results begin to shed light on the mechanism of ethanol action of ATP-gated 
currents in P2X4Rs. Support: NIAAA/NIH AA013922, AA03972, AA017243 and USC 
School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adenosine triphosphate
  alcohol
  receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  ion channel
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  mutant
  patch clamp technique
  society
  United States
  whole cell
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  oocyte
  pharmacy
  school
  Xenopus
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00957.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 663
TITLE
  Homomeric P2X4 and heteromeric P2X4/P2X6 receptors have similar sensitivity 
to ATP and alcohols
AUTHOR NAMES
  Asatryan L.
  Popova M.
  Alkana R.L.
  Davies D.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Asatryan L.; Popova M.; Alkana R.L.; Davies D.L.) School of Pharmacy, 
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Asatryan, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los 
Angeles, United States.
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2009) 33 SUPPL. 1 (85A). 
Date of Publication: June 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  Texas Research Society On Alcoholism - 19th Annual Scientific Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  San Antonio, TX, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-02-20 to 2009-02-20
ISSN
  0145-6008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ABSTRACT
  P2X receptors (P2XRs) are a family of cation-permeable ligand-gated ion 
channels (LGICs) gated by synaptically released extracellular ATP. Previous 
work demonstrated that ethanol inhibits ATP-activated currents in native 
neurons suggesting a role for P2XRs in behavioral effects of ethanol. The 
P2X4R subtype expresses in the CNS as a trimeric homomeric channel or a 
heteromeric receptor in combination with other P2XR subtypes. Among P2XRs, 
P2X6R subtype does not express as a functional homomeric receptor, but it is 
able to heteromerize with P2X4Rs. Presently, there is little information 
regarding the role of individual P2XR subtypes in ethanol sensitivities of 
heteromeric P2XRs. We found that ethanol inhibits the function of 
recombinantly expressed P2X4Rs. However, ethanol sensitivity of heteromeric 
P2X4/P2X6Rs has not been studied. The current work investigated alcohol 
sensitivity of heteromeric complexes that were produced from the 
co-injections of P2X4Rs and P2X6Rs in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode 
voltage-clamp. To ensure the expression of heteromeric complexes, we first 
measured maximum inducible currents (Imax) in homomeric and heteromeric 
receptors. Coinjection of P2X4Rs and P2X6Rs in oocytes (10ng each) resulted 
in Imax values that were comparable to those achieved with 20ng injection of 
P2X4R and were 2-fold greater than Imax for 10ng P2X4R. These data suggested 
a presence of heteromeric receptors along with homomeric channels in 
coinjected oocytes. We found that ethanol (50-200mM) inhibited ATP-gated 
currents in oocytes expressing heteromeric P2X4/P2X6Rs. The extent of 
ethanol inhibition was similar to that of homomeric P2X4Rs. The longer chain 
alcohol hexanol potentiated ATP-activated currents in heteromeric receptors 
to the same extent as in homomeric P2X4Rs. We found no significant 
difference between homomeric P2X4Rs and heteromeric P2X4/P2X6Rs in regards 
to ATP function (i.e., EC(50), Hill slope) or ivermectin action (selective 
P2X4R modulator). These data suggest that homomeric P2X4Rs and heteromeric 
P2X4/P2X6Rs have similar sensitivities to ATP and to alcohols. Together, the 
results support the notion that inhibition of ATP-gated currents in native 
neurons may arise from the action of ethanol on heteromeric P2X4/P2X6R, as 
well as from action on homomeric P2X4Rs. Support: NIAAA/NIH KO-1 AA017243, 
AA013922, AA03972 and USC School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adenosine triphosphate
  alcohol derivative
  receptor
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  cation
  hexanol
  ion channel
  ivermectin
  ligand
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  society
  United States
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  electrode
  injection
  nerve cell
  oocyte
  pharmacy
  school
  voltage clamp technique
  Xenopus
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00957.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 664
TITLE
  Incidence of chronic pancreatitis due to chronic alcohol abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Susan L.
  Serban C.
  Ancusa V.
  Banciu C.
  Gotia S.
  Pacurari A.
  Mavritsakis N.
  Romosan I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Susan L.; Banciu C.; Pacurari A.; Romosan I.) IVth Medical Clinic, 
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
(Serban C.) Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 
“Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania.
(Ancusa V.) University “Politehnica”, Timisoara, Romania.
(Gotia S.) Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 
“Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania.
(Mavritsakis N.) County Hopital Alba Iulia, Romania.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Susan, IVth Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 
Timişoara, Romania.
SOURCE
  Pancreatology (2009) 9:4 (514-515). Date of Publication: June 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  41st European Pancreatic Club (EPC) Meeting
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Szeged, Hungary
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-07-01 to 2009-07-04
CONFERENCE EDITORS
  Hegyi P.
  Takacs T.
  Venglovecz V.
  Takacs T.
  Rakonczay Z.
  Takacs T.
  Venglovecz V.
  Takacs T.
ISSN
  1424-3903
BOOK PUBLISHER
  S. Karger AG
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: Although the association between alcohol and pancreatitis has 
been recognized, the precise magnitude of the impact of alcohol remains 
poorly quantified. Chronic pancreatitis represents a diverse group of 
lesions of various etiologies and the most frequent cause is ethanol and 
biliary lithiasis. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the 
incidence of chronic pancreatitis due to alcohol abuse in a group of 
patients hospitalized in one year period in IVth Medical Clinic of 
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara. Patients and 
Methods: We performed a total of 2262 abdominal echographies between January 
2008 and January 2009. All the patients were complete clinically and 
paraclinically investigated. We performed in all patients an abdominal 
ultrasound using an Aloka ProSound 4400 ultrasound system with a 3.5 MHz 
transceiver. Results: The sex repartition of the patients was: 1320 men 
(58.35%) and 942 women (41.64%). The patients were aged between 18-85 years 
(mean age 51.5 years). 56% of the patients were from rural medium and 46% 
were from urban medium. 422 patients (18.65%) presented echographic 
modifications of the pancreas: 342 patients had chronic pancreatitis 
(81.4%), 23 patients had acutized chronic pancreatitis (5.45%) and 53 
patients (12.55%) had tumoral modification. 88% of the patients with chronic 
pancreatitis had an alcohol consumption between 50 ml/day and 500 ml/day and 
82% of them were smokers. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest an 
increased chronic pancreatitis risk for persons with a high ethanol intake. 
Smoking seems to be a remarkable co-factor together with alcohol in the 
development of chronic pancreatitis.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol abuse
  chronic pancreatitis
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  alcohol consumption
  cholelithiasis
  etiology
  female
  hospital
  pancreas
  pancreatitis
  patient
  pharmacy
  risk
  smoking
  ultrasound
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000218095
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 665
TITLE
  An intervention to develop repeat prescribing in community pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Saastamoinen L.K.
  Klaukka T.J.
  Ilomäki J.
  Enlund H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Saastamoinen L.K., leena.k.saastamoinen@kela.fi) Social Insurance 
Institution, PO Box 450, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
(Saastamoinen L.K., leena.k.saastamoinen@kela.fi; Klaukka T.J.) Social 
Insurance Institution, Helsinki, Finland.
(Ilomäki J.; Enlund H.) Department of Social Pharmacy, University of Kuopio, 
Kuopio, Finland.
(Enlund H.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait 
University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. K. Saastamoinen, Social Insurance Institution, PO Box 450, FIN-00101 
Helsinki, Finland. Email: leena.k.saastamoinen@kela.fi
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (2009) 34:3 (261-265). Date of 
Publication: June 2009
ISSN
  0269-4727
  1365-2710 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Lack of review of patients' medications in repeat prescribing is 
common. This and other problems in repeat prescribing need to be addressed. 
Community pharmacists could be more proactive in the review of chronic 
medications. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the 
feasibility and effects of pharmacists' interventions in repeat prescribing. 
Methods: The normal repeat prescribing process used at Kuopio University 
Pharmacy and in Kuopio Health Services was developed by an intervention 
which included a pharmacist's interview and the annual medication data of 
the patient that were both transferred to the prescribing physician. 
Results: Physicians in the intervention group identified and solved 
patients' drug-related problems better than was the case in the comparison 
group with normal repeat prescribing. Over half the patients receiving 
repeat prescriptions had at least one drug-related problem. The physicians 
used more information sources to support repeat prescribing in the 
intervention system. Conclusions: Community pharmacists are able to improve 
the quality of physician's repeat prescribing by providing vital 
information. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug monitoring
  pharmacist
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  adverse outcome
  aged
  article
  clinical practice
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  female
  Finland
  human
  intervention study
  interview
  major clinical study
  male
  medical record
  open study
  physician
  randomized controlled trial
  statistical analysis
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009216963
MEDLINE PMID
  19646075 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19646075)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.01003.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 666
TITLE
  Survey on addictions: toward curricular change for family nurse 
practitioners.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Campbell-Heider N.
  Finnell D.S.
  Feigenbaum J.C.
  Feeley T.H.
  Rejman K.S.
  Austin-Ketch T.
  Zulawski C.
  Schmitt A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Campbell-Heider N.; Finnell D.S.; Feigenbaum J.C.; Feeley T.H.; Rejman 
K.S.; Austin-Ketch T.; Zulawski C.; Schmitt A.) University at Buffalo, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Campbell-Heider, University at Buffalo, USA. Email: nheider@buffalo.edu
SOURCE
  International journal of nursing education scholarship (2009) 6:1 
(Article4). Date of Publication: 2009
ISSN
  1548-923X (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a survey of advanced 
practice nurses (APNs) to determine the activities they perform related to 
caring for patients with addictions and or co-occurring mental health 
disorders, the amount of addictions education in their graduate programs, 
and their perceptions of the value of addictions education for their role. 
Data were obtained from 233 APNs in New York State using a tool adapted from 
a previous job analysis survey. APNs reported the greatest amount of 
experience in history taking for various types of addictions and 
co-occurring mental health disorders and least amount of experience in 
performing objective exams, using standardized screening tools, ordering 
related diagnostic tests, prescribing pharmacological treatments, and making 
referrals for addiction treatment. Respondents reported a mean of less than 
three hours addictions education in their graduate programs in contrast to 
their high perceived importance of this clinical area.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (diagnosis, therapy)
  general practice
  nurse attitude
  nurse practitioner
  nursing education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  curriculum
  education
  epidemiology
  female
  health care quality
  health personnel attitude
  human
  male
  methodology
  nurse
  nursing
  nursing evaluation research
  professional competence
  review
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19222396 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19222396)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 667
TITLE
  A symposium to facilitate substance abuse education into the curriculum at a 
northeast college of pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kenna G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kenna G.) Brown University, .
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Kenna, Brown University, .
SOURCE
  Substance Abuse (2009) 30:2 (212). Date of Publication: April 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  2007 AMERSA National Meeting
ISSN
  0889-7077
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Haworth Press Inc.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: (1) Hold a 3 speaker symposium that presented various aspects of 
substance use disorders to 4 years of pharmacy students (“What the Pharmacy 
Profession Should Know about Substance Use and Abuse Symposium”); (2) send 
two students to the University of Utah School on Alcoholism and Other Drug 
Dependencies; (3) Encourage as many students as possible to become members 
of Healthcare Professional Students for Substance Abuse Training (HPSSAT). 
Method: 313 pharmacy students representing the 4 professional years (Pl-P4) 
attended the symposium held in Edwards Auditorium on the main URI campus. 
Four assessments of the students were sought: an Overall Symposium 
Evaluation as well as evaluations of the three speakers. Results: To measure 
the first objective, evaluations used a Likert scale with l = Strongly 
Disagree to S = Strongly Agree. Students leaned toward Disagreeing or 
Strongly Disagreeing (< 2.5; < 2 respectively) with the following: I know no 
one in pharmacy school taking drugs; Since substance abuse is a relapsing 
disorder, substance abuse treatment is a waste of time; Most alcohol 
dependent patients get better by themselves; I don't see how substance abuse 
treatment is important to pharmacists and I think it's unprofessional to 
discuss substance use by pharmacy students. Students leaned toward agreeing 
(>3.5) with the following statements: I feel more confident that if I ask 
for help, my treatment is confidential; I feel more confident that I 
understand the importance for screening for substance use disorders at an 
early age; The second objective, two obtain funds to send 2 students to Utah 
was accomplished. The third objective was accomplished as 27 pharmacy 
students joined HPSSAT. Conclusion: The symposium and program was deemed 
successful.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college
  curriculum
  education
  pharmacy
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  alcoholism
  drug dependence
  health care personnel
  occupation
  patient
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  school
  screening
  student
  United States
  university
  waste
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08897070902802133
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 668
TITLE
  Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders 
leaves (Acanthaceae)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Patra A.
  Jha S.
  Murthy P.N.
  Aher Vaibhav D.
  Chattopadhyay P.
  Panigrahi G.
  Roy D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Patra A., arjun.patra@rediffmail.com; Aher Vaibhav D.; Chattopadhyay P.) 
College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad- 244 001, U.P., India.
(Jha S.) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of 
Technology, Mesra-835 215, Ranchi, Jharkhanda, India.
(Murthy P.N.; Panigrahi G.) Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 
Berhampur-760 002, Orissa, India.
(Roy D.) Research Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University 
of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Patra, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad- 244 001, U.P., India. Email: 
arjun.patra@rediffmail.com
SOURCE
  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2009) 8:2 (133-137). Date of 
Publication: April 2009
ISSN
  1596-5996
  1596-9827 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  PHARMACOTHERAPY GROUP, FACULTY PHARMACY, BENIN CITY, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders (Acanthaceae) is commonly used in the 
traditional system of medicine for the treatment of inflammation, pain, 
jaundice, rheumatism, arthritis, anaemia, etc. In the present study, we 
investigated the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the 
petroleum ether, chloroform, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the leaf of 
this plant. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the various extracts 
was studied based on their effects on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats 
while antipyretic activity was evaluated on the basis of their effect on 
Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extracts were screened for 
alkaloids, steroids, proteins, flavonoids, saponins, mucilage, 
carbohydrates, organic acids, fats and oils. Results: Preliminary 
phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, 
proteins, flavonoids, fats and oils, tannins, mucilage and organic acids in 
the leaves of H. spinosa. Chloroform and alcoholic extracts of leaves of H. 
spinosa produced significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) anti-inflammatory and 
antipyretic activities in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, 
petroleum ether and aqueous extracts did not show significant 
anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. The maximum anti-inflammatory 
activities produced by chloroform and alcoholic extracts (400 mg/kg) were 
33.7% and 47.5%, respectively. These two extracts also reduced elevated body 
temperature in rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses throughout the 
observation period of 6 h. Conclusions: Chloroform and alcoholic extracts of 
H. spinosa leaves have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. © 
Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin. All rights 
reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Hygrophila spinosa alcoholic extract (drug development, pharmacology)
  Hygrophila spinosa aqueous extract (drug development, pharmacology)
  Hygrophila spinosa chloroform extract (drug development, pharmacology)
  Hygrophila spinosa petroleum ether extract (drug development, pharmacology)
  plant extract (drug development, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alkaloid derivative
  carbohydrate derivative
  carboxylic acid
  carrageenan
  fat
  flavonoid
  oil
  protein derivative
  saponin derivative
  steroid
  tannin derivative
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Acanthaceae
  antiinflammatory activity
  antipyretic activity
  hygrophila spinosa
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  female
  fever
  male
  mucilage
  nonhuman
  paw edema
  phytochemistry
  plant leaf
  rat
  Saccharomyces cerevisiae
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  carrageenan (9000-07-1, 9049-05-2, 9061-82-9, 9064-57-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009453382
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 669
TITLE
  Drug-related problems observed in a pharmaceutical care service, Belo 
Horizonte, Brazil
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nascimento Y.D.A.
  Carvalho W.D.S.
  Acurcio F.D.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Carvalho W.D.S.; Acurcio F.D.A.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of 
Minas Gerais, France.
(Nascimento Y.D.A., yone_almeida@hotmail.com) Centro Universitário Newton 
Paiva, Av. Silva Lobo, 1730, 30.460-000 - Nova Granada - Belo Horizonte - 
MG, Brazil.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Y. D. A. Nascimento, Centro Universitário Newton Paiva, Av. Silva Lobo, 
1730, 30.460-000 - Nova Granada - Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil. Email: 
yone_almeida@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Farmaceuticas/Brazilian Journal of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences (2009) 45:2 (321-330). Date of Publication: 
April-June 2009
ISSN
  1516-9332
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca), P.O. Box 66083, Sao Paulo, 
Brazil.
ABSTRACT
  This present observational, longitudinal, and non-concurrent study was 
developed with the purposes of evaluate the profile of patients attended by 
a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up service and describe the Drug-Related 
Problems (DRPs) found over there; determine the proportion of DRPs between 
the health problems presented by the studied population, classifying them 
and identifying the situations related with their appearance. The study was 
developed at the School Pharmacy of Newton Paiva University Center, Belo 
Horizonte, MG, during the period from 2001 November up to 2003 November. 
Ninety seven patients have been evaluated, the majority of female sex 
(66.0%), with up to 8 years of scholarship (45.4%), mean age of 56.7 ± 13.0 
years; mean of 4 ± 2 diagnosed diseases; 7 ± 6 complaints and 4 ± 2 
medications per patient. Nine hundred and twelve health problems have been 
identified: 56.5% uncontrolled. From the uncontrolled problems, 380 (73.6%) 
were DRPs and between these, 81 (21.3%) were risks for DRP. From the 97 
followed-up patients, 89 (91.7%) have presented at least one DRP during the 
follow-up. The more frequent DRPs were related to effectiveness (53.2%), to 
necessity (25.2%) and to safety (21.6%). A great number of uncontrolled 
problems was observed, as well as the possibility to resolve them by means 
of pharmaceutical care, indicating so the resolutive potential of this 
practice.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  anticoagulant agent
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent
  calcium channel blocking agent
  central stimulant agent
  diuretic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug induced disease
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  Brazil
  depression
  drug efficacy
  drug safety
  female
  follow up
  health status
  hospitalization
  human
  longitudinal study
  major clinical study
  male
  observational study
  population
  professional practice
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Portuguese
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2010095172
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502009000200018
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 670
TITLE
  Development of pharmaceutical care services in nursing homes: Practice and 
research in a Swiss canton
AUTHOR NAMES
  Locca J.-F.
  Ruggli M.
  Buchmann M.
  Huguenin J.
  Bugnon O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Locca J.-F.; Bugnon O., olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch) Community Pharmacy 
Practice Research Unit, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Pharmacie de la 
PMU, Rue du Bugnon 44, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
(Ruggli M.) PharmaSuisse, Swiss Association of Pharmacists, 3097 
Bern-Liebefeld, Switzerland.
(Buchmann M.) Community Pharmacy Tête Noire, 1680 Romont, Switzerland.
(Huguenin J.) Institute of Health Economics and Management, University of 
Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Bugnon, Community Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Universities of 
Lausanne and Geneva, Pharmacie de la PMU, Rue du Bugnon 44, 1011 Lausanne, 
Switzerland. Email: olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch
SOURCE
  Pharmacy World and Science (2009) 31:2 (165-173). Date of Publication: April 
2009
ISSN
  0928-1231
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Netherlands, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Objective The aim of this study was to assess the implementation process and 
economic impact of a new pharmaceutical care service provided since 2002 by 
pharmacists in Swiss nursing homes. Setting The setting was 42 nursing homes 
located in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland under the responsibility of 
22 pharmacists. Method We developed different facilitators, such as a 
monitoring system, a coaching program, and a research project, to help 
pharmacists change their practice and to improve implementation of this new 
service. We evaluated the implementation rate of the service delivered in 
nursing homes. We assessed the economic impact of the service since its 
start in 2002 using statistical evaluation (Chow test) with retrospective 
analysis of the annual drug costs per resident over an 8-year period 
(1998-2005). Main outcome measures The description of the facilitators and 
their implications in implementation of the service; the economic impact of 
the service since its start in 2002. Results In 2005, after a 4-year 
implementation period supported by the introduction of facilitators of 
practice change, all 42 nursing homes (2,214 residents) had implemented the 
pharmaceutical care service. The annual drug costs per resident decreased by 
about 16.4% between 2002 and 2005; this change proved to be highly 
significant. The performance of the pharmacists continuously improved using 
a specific coaching program including an annual expert comparative report, 
working groups, interdisciplinary continuing education symposia, and 
individual feedback. This research project also determined priorities to 
develop practice guidelines to prevent drug-related problems in nursing 
homes, especially in relation to the use of psychotropic drugs. Conclusion 
The pharmaceutical care service was fully and successfully implemented in 
Fribourg's nursing homes within a period of 4 years. These findings 
highlight the importance of facilitators designed to assist pharmacists in 
the implementation of practice changes. The economic impact was confirmed on 
a large scale, and priorities for clinical and pharmacoeconomic research 
were identified in order to continue to improve the quality of integrated 
care for the elderly. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical practice
  medical research
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  controlled study
  female
  human
  male
  nursing home
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  Switzerland
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009147444
MEDLINE PMID
  19067223 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19067223)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-008-9273-9
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 671
TITLE
  Puerarin attenuates ethanol toxicity in Medaka (oryzias latipes) embryos 
during development
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hu Y.
  Khan I.A.
  Dasmahapatra A.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hu Y.; Khan I.A.; Dasmahapatra A.K.) National Center for Natural Product 
Research, Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, 
United States.
(Dasmahapatra A.K.) Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 
University of Mississippi, University, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Y. Hu, National Center for Natural Product Research, Department of 
Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, United States.
SOURCE
  Planta Medica (2009) 75:4 (448-449). Date of Publication: March 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  8th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  University, MS, United States
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-04-06 to 2009-04-09
CONFERENCE EDITORS
  Khan I.
ISSN
  0032-0943
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Georg Thieme Verlag
ABSTRACT
  The drugs approved by FDA for the treatment of alcoholism are not 
recommended for the women in pregnancy [1]. Therefore, a drug with 
anticraving property as well as non-toxic to fetus is required for the 
treatment of Fetal Alcohol SpectrumDisorder (FASD), a neurobehavioral 
disorder observed in the babies of alcoholic mothers who consumed alcohol 
during pregnancy. We have evaluated the potency of Radix puerariae (RP), the 
root extracts of a wild leguminous creeper kudzu (Pueraria montana), as an 
alternative natural medicine to prevent FASD using Japanese medaka (Oryzias 
latipes) embryo-larval development as the model. Previously, we have 
observed that ethanol was able to induce skeletal dismorphogenesis in medaka 
by reducing skeletal growth in a dose-dependent manner [2]. In this 
experiment we have used RP and puerarin (SigmaAldrich) as preventive agents 
of ethanol-induced skeletal dismorphogenesis in medaka. RP was collected 
from the Lafayette County of Oxford and HPLC analysis indicated that 
puerarin is the major isoflavone present in the methanolic extract of RP. 
Fertilized medaka eggs in standard laboratory conditions (16 L: 8D, 25 0C) 
were exposed to RP extract (0-1.5mg/ml) for 6 day post fertilization (dpf) 
and then maintained in 48 well tissue culture plate in hatching solution 
(one embryo/ml/well). Embryo mortality was observed on 10 dpf. In separate 
experiments embryos were exposed to RP (0-0.5mg/ml), Puerarin (0.25-1 mM) 
with or without ethanol (300 mM) for 2 dpf and then transferred to hatching 
solution. The calculated IC(50) of RP as determined on 10 dpf is 785.3 ± 
2.66 μg/ml (n = 5). Hatched embryos on 10 dpf were used for morphometric 
analysis of skeletal features including the skeleton, cranium, jaw, ethmoid 
and hypophyseal plate. It was observed that ethanol was able to reduce the 
growth of all these skeletal features, however, RP or puerarin alone has no 
effect.When the embryos were treated together with ethanol and RP or 
puerarin, ethanol-induced skeletal growth reductions were attenuated 
specifically by puerarin. It is therefore concluded that puerarin, the major 
flavonoid present in RP, has the potency to prevent ethanol-induced 
teratogenesis during development and can be used as an alternative natural 
medicine for the prevention of FASD or other alcohol related disorders. 
Acknowledgements: This work is supported in part by the United States 
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Specific Cooperative 
Agreement No 586408-2-0009, National Center for Natural Product Research, 
School of Pharmacy, University ofMississippi, National Institute of Alcohol 
Abuse and Alcoholism (1RO3 AA016915) and from The Center of Research 
Excellence in Natural products Neurosciences (P20RR021929).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  puerarin
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  fenticlor
  flavonoid
  isoflavone
  lypressin
  natural product
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol intoxication
  embryo
  Oryzias
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol abuse
  alcoholism
  baby
  bone growth
  egg
  embryo mortality
  female
  fertilization
  fetus
  food and drug administration
  government
  hatching
  high performance liquid chromatography
  Japanese (people)
  jaw
  laboratory
  larval development
  model
  mother
  pharmacy
  pregnancy
  prevention
  Pueraria
  school
  skeleton
  skull
  teratogenesis
  tissue culture
  United States
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 672
TITLE
  Randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of a pharmacist-delivered 
program for smoking cessation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dent L.A.
  Harris K.J.
  Noonan C.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dent L.A., larry.dent@umontana.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Skaggs 
School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
(Harris K.J.) School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of 
Montana, .
(Noonan C.W.) Department of Biomedical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, 
University of Montana, .
(Dent L.A., larry.dent@umontana.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Skaggs 
School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., #1522, Missoula, 
MT 59812, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. A. Dent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, 
University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., #1522, Missoula, MT 59812, United 
States. Email: larry.dent@umontana.edu
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2009) 43:2 (194-201). Date of Publication: 
February 2009
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: As trained and accessible healthcare professionals, pharmacists 
are in an ideal position to provide tobacco cessation interventions. Of the 
15 studies identified in the literature assessing the effectiveness of 
tobacco cessation interventions delivered by pharmacists, this is the first 
randomized controlled trial conducted in the US of a pharmacist-delivered 
program for smoking cessation using biochemical confirmation. OBJECTIVE: To 
assess the effectiveness on smoking cessation of a face-to-face group 
program conducted by the pharmacist team compared with a brief standard care 
session delivered by a pharmacist over the telephone. METHODS: An 
open-label, prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at a 
Veterans Health Administration, community-based outpatient clinic in the 
Rocky Mountain region. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a 
3-session face-to-face group program conducted by the pharmacist team or one 
5- to 10-minute standard care session delivered by the pharmacist team over 
the telephone. Participants in both groups were offered either 
immediate-release bupropion or nicotine patch at no cost. The primary 
outcome of self-reported abstinence was biochemically confirmed by urinary 
cotinine at 6 months after the quit date. RESULTS: One hundred one smokers 
were randomized from October 3, 2005, to March 30, 2007, with the last 
6-month follow-up survey completed on November 6, 2007. Analysts of data was 
completed in December 2007. Using intent-to-treat procedures, confirmed 
abstinence rates at the end of 6 months were 28% in the pharmacist-delivered 
face-to-face treatment group and 11.8% in the standard care telephone 
session control group (p < 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that 
pharmacists are effective providers of tobacco cessation interventions. 
Greater utilization of pharmacists in tcbacco cessation efforts could have a 
significant impact on smoking rates, prevention of tobacco-related diseases, 
and overall improvement in public health across the US.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy)
  cotinine (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  nicotine patch (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug 
therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education program
  health program
  pharmacist
  smoking cessation
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical trial
  control group
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  dizziness (side effect)
  drug dose reduction
  drug withdrawal
  follow up
  health care delivery
  health care management
  health care personnel
  health care utilization
  health practitioner
  health survey
  human
  major clinical study
  open study
  outpatient department
  priority journal
  public health
  randomized controlled trial
  rash (side effect)
  self report
  telephone
  tobacco
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  cotinine (486-56-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009081002
MEDLINE PMID
  19193572 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193572)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1L556
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 673
TITLE
  Acquired Appetitive Responding to Intravenous Nicotine Reflects a Pavlovian 
Conditioned Association
AUTHOR NAMES
  Murray J.E.
  Bevins R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Murray J.E.; Bevins R.A., rbevins1@unl.edu) Department of Psychology, 
University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.A. Bevins, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 
Email: rbevins1@unl.edu
SOURCE
  Behavioral Neuroscience (2009) 123:1 (97-108). Date of Publication: February 
2009
ISSN
  0735-7044
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Psychological Association Inc., 750 First Street NE, Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Recent research examining Pavlovian appetitive conditioning has extended the 
associative properties of nicotine from the unconditioned stimulus or reward 
to include the role of a conditional stimulus (CS), capable of acquiring the 
ability to evoke a conditioned response. To date, published research has 
used presession extravascular injections to examine nicotine as a contextual 
CS in that appetitive Pavlovian drug discrimination task. Two studies in the 
current research examined whether a nicotine CS can function discretely, 
multiple times within a session using passive iv infusions. In Experiment 1, 
rats readily acquired a discrimination in conditioned responding between 
nicotine and saline infusions when nicotine was selectively paired with 
sucrose presentations. In Experiment 2, rats were either trained with 
nicotine paired with sucrose or explicitly unpaired with sucrose. The 
results showed that rats trained with explicitly unpaired nicotine and 
sucrose did not increase dipper entries after the infusions. Nicotine was 
required to be reliably paired with sucrose for control of conditioned 
responding to develop. Implications of these findings are discussed in 
relation to tobacco addiction, learning theory, and pharmacology. © 2009 
American Psychological Association.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  sodium chloride
  sucrose
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  conditioned reflex
  drug discrimination
  smoking cessation
  stimulus
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  conditioning
  infusion
  injection
  intravenous drug administration
  learning theory
  pharmacology
  rat
  reward
  tobacco dependence
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009087508
MEDLINE PMID
  19170434 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19170434)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013735
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 674
TITLE
  Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low and 
middle-income countries: Epidemiological study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lee S.
  Tsang A.
  Breslau J.
  Aguilar-Gaxiola S.
  Angermeyer M.
  Borges G.
  Bromet E.
  Bruffaerts R.
  De Girolamo G.
  Fayyad J.
  Gureje O.
  Haro J.M.
  Kawakami N.
  Levinson D.
  Browne M.A.O.
  Ormel J.
  Posada-Villa J.
  Williams D.R.
  Kessler R.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lee S., singlee@cuhk.edu.hk) FRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, Hong Kong 
Mood Disorders Centre, 7A, Block E, Staff Quarters, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
(Tsang A.) BSoSc, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Center, Chinese University of 
Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
(Breslau J.) ScD, United States.
(Aguilar-Gaxiola S.) Center for Reducing Health Disparities, Department of 
Internal Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, United States.
(Angermeyer M.) Department of Psychiatry, Leipzig University, Germany.
(Borges G.) Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria, Universidad Autonoma 
Metropolitana-Xochimilco Calzada Mexico Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico.
(Bromet E.) State University of New York, Stony Brook,NY, United States.
(Bruffaerts R.) Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University 
Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven, Belgium.
(De Girolamo G.) IRCCS Centro, S. Giovanni di Dio - Fatebebenefratelli, 
Brescia, Italy.
(Fayyad J.) Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care, 
St George Hospital University Medical Centre, Lebanon.
(Gureje O.) FRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, 
Ibadan, Nigeria.
(Haro J.M.) Sant Joan de Deu-SSM, Ciber en Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud 
Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
(Kawakami N.) Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, 
Tokyo University, Japan.
(Levinson D.) Ministry of Health, Mental Health Services, Israel.
(Browne M.A.O.) Department of Rural and Indigenous Health, School of Rural 
Health Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 
Moe, Australia.
(Ormel J.) Department of Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 
University Medical Centre, Groningen, Netherlands.
(Posada-Villa J.) Ministry of Social Protection, Colegio Mayor de 
Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia.
(Williams D.R.) Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard 
School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.
(Kessler R.C.) Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 
Boston MA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Lee, FRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Centre, 
7A, Block E, Staff Quarters, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Email: 
singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
SOURCE
  British Journal of Psychiatry (2009) 194:5 (411-417). Date of Publication: 
May 2009
ISSN
  1472-1465 (electronic)
  0007-1250
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Royal College of Psychiatrists, 17 Belgrave Square, London, United Kingdom. 
dtomkins@rcpsych.ac.uk
ABSTRACT
  Background Studies of the impact of mental disorders on educational (OR=1.4) 
and impulse control disorders (OR=2.2) were attainment are rare in both 
high-income and low- and associated with early termination of secondary 
education. In middle-income (LAMI) countries. LAMI countries, impulse 
control disorders (OR=1.3) and substance use disorders (OR=1.5) were 
associated with early Aims . termination of secondary education. To examine 
the association between early-onset mental disorder and subsequent 
termination of education. Conclusions Onset of mental disorder and 
subsequent non-completion of Method education are consistently associated in 
both high-income Sixteen countries taking part in the World Health and LAMI 
countries. Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative were surveyed 
with the Composite International Diagnostic Declaration of interest 
Interview (n=41 688). Survival models were used to estimate R.C.K. has been 
a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Kaiser associations between DSM-IV mental 
disorders and Permanente, Pfizer Inc, Sanofi-Aventis, Shire Pharmaceuticals 
subsequent non-attainment of educational milestones. and Wyeth-Ayerst; has 
served on advisory boards for Eli Lilly & Company and Wyeth-Ayerst; and has 
had research support Results for his epidemiological studies from 
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli In high-income countries, prior substance use 
disorders were Lilly & Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson 
associated with non-completion at all stages of education Pharmaceuticals, 
Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical mc, Pfizer Inc (OR 1.4-15.2). Anxiety disorders 
(OR=1.3), mood disorders and Sanofi-Aventis.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  mental disease
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agoraphobia
  alcohol abuse
  alcoholism
  anxiety disorder
  article
  attention deficit disorder
  behavior disorder
  bipolar disorder
  conduct disorder
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  disease association
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  dysthymia
  generalized anxiety disorder
  health survey
  high school
  human
  impulse control disorder
  intermittent explosive disorder
  interview
  major clinical study
  major depression
  model
  mood disorder
  oppositional defiant disorder
  panic
  phobia
  posttraumatic stress disorder
  separation anxiety
  social phobia
  substance abuse
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Internal Medicine (6)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009311046
MEDLINE PMID
  19407270 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407270)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054841
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 675
TITLE
  Insomnia as a predictor of depression in UK primary care
AUTHOR NAMES
  De Vries F.D.
  Gallagher A.M.
  Lader M.H.
  Tylee A.T.
  Donoghue J.
  Cockle S.M.
  Van Staa T.P.
  Nutt D.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (De Vries F.D.; Gallagher A.M.; Van Staa T.P.) MHRA, GPRD Group, London, 
United Kingdom.
(Lader M.H.; Tylee A.T.) King's College, Institute of Psychiatry, London, 
United Kingdom.
(Donoghue J.) John Moores University, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 
Liverpool, United Kingdom.
(Cockle S.M.) Servier Laboratories Ltd, Medical and Corporate Affairs, 
Slough, United Kingdom.
(Nutt D.J.) University of Bristol, Psychopharmacology Unit, Bristol, United 
Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F.D. De Vries, MHRA, GPRD Group, London, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  European Neuropsychopharmacology (2009) 19 SUPPL. 3 (S372-S373). Date of 
Publication: 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  22 ECNP Congress
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Istanbul, Turkey
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-09-12 to 2009-09-16
ISSN
  0924-977X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential 
association between insomnia and incident depression in patients treated in 
UK primary care. Methods: A retrospective matched cohort study using the UK 
General Practice Research Database (GPRD) was conducted. Patients aged ≥18 
years with a diagnosis of insomnia or a prescription for a hypnotic (1st 
January 1995 to 2008) were included. Patients with a history of depression, 
antidepressant prescription, alcoholism, severe mental illness or drug abuse 
were excluded. Each patient was matched to a single control, with respect to 
year of birth, gender and practice. The association between insomnia and 
depression was evaluated in a time-dependent manner using Poisson 
regression. Incident depression was defined as a clinical or referral record 
for depression or prescribing of an antidepressant. The analysis was 
adjusted for a number of potential confounding factors, including age, 
gender, anxiety, chronic pain, cardiovascular conditions, diabetes mellitus, 
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, asthma, gastrointestinal and urinary 
problems. Results: A total of 125,013 patients and 125,013 matched controls 
was included (52.9% female, mean age 49.9 years (standard deviation 20.3 
years)). The crude incidence of depression was 13.2 per 1,000 person years 
for the control group and 93.1 per 1,000 person years for patients with a 
history of sleep disturbance. Overall, patients with a history of sleep 
disturbance (insomnia code or hypnotic prescription) were four and a half 
times more likely to develop depression than those with no sleep disturbance 
(fully adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 
4.3-4.6). When the time between the first visit for sleep disturbance and 
the subsequent diagnosis of depression/antidepressant prescription was 
stratified, the risk peaked in the one to two months after the initial sleep 
disturbance visit (AOR 21.6, 95% CI 20.1-23.4). From this peak, the risk 
decreased by three to six months (AOR 18.6, 95% CI 17.9-19.4) and further 
decreased by seven to twelve months (AOR 14.2, 95% CI 13.6-14.9), but 
remained substantially elevated more than twelve months after the first 
visit for insomnia (AOR 10.9, 95% CI 10.5-11.3). Patients who received both 
a diagnosis of insomnia and a prescription for a hypnotic, which may be 
indicative of greater severity of insomnia, had an even greater risk of 
depression, both overall (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 5.1-5.5) and at the peak (one to 
two months after the initial sleep disturbance visit; AOR 24.1, 95% CI 
21.7-26.6). The risk of future depression was lower in those with solely a 
diagnosis of insomnia but no hypnotic prescription (overall AOR 2.8, 95% CI 
2.7-3.0). Conclusions: Insomnia appears to be an important predictor of 
future depression. Patients diagnosed with insomnia or prescribed a hypnotic 
in primary care have a significantly increased risk of being diagnosed with 
depression in the following months, compared with controls, and this risk 
may be related to the severity of the insomnia. This study was funded by 
Sender Laboratories Limited, UK. GPRD is owned by the UK Department of 
Health and operates within the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory 
Agency (MHRA). GPRD is funded by the MHRA, Medical Research Council, various 
universities, contract research organisations and pharmaceutical companies. 
The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not 
reflect the official policy or position of the Medicines and Healthcare 
products Regulatory Agency, UK.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
  hypnotic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  insomnia
  primary medical care
  United Kingdom
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  anxiety
  asthma
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  chronic pain
  cohort analysis
  confidence interval
  control group
  data base
  diabetes mellitus
  diagnosis
  drug abuse
  drug industry
  female
  gender
  general practice
  health
  health care
  human
  laboratory
  medical research
  mental disease
  patient
  policy
  prescription
  risk
  sleep disorder
  university
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-977X(09)70570-X
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 676
TITLE
  Nursing home violence: Occurrence, risks, and interventions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hall R.C.W.
  Hall R.C.W.
  Chapman M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hall R.C.W.) University of South Florida, .
(Hall R.C.W.) Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, .
(Hall R.C.W.) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University 
of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
(Chapman M.J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. C. W. Hall, University of South Florida, .
SOURCE
  Annals of Long-Term Care (2009) 17:1 (25-31). Date of Publication: January 
2009
ISSN
  1524-7929
BOOK PUBLISHER
  HMP Communications LLP, 4365 U.S. Highway 1 Suite 250, Princeton, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Nursing assistants working in long-term care facilities are the most likely 
American worker to be attacked while on the job. Thus, it is important for 
nursing home staff to understand the risks they face and the potential 
interventions available to them and their management to diminish that risk. 
Both resident and staff risk factors for violence can be specifically 
addressed to improve nursing home safety. In addition to environmental 
changes and staff education/training, pharmacologic interventions may be 
considered for residents with severe dementia and agitation/ aggression. Due 
to the FDA black box warning for neuroleptic medications, knowing when to 
start these agents and which medications to begin has become more difficult. 
Residents who put staff and other residents at clear risk require removal to 
a more secure environment for further diagnosis and medical stabilization.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anxiolytic agent (drug therapy)
  aripiprazole (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  benzodiazepine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  carbamazepine (drug therapy)
  cholinesterase inhibitor (drug therapy)
  citalopram (drug therapy)
  fluphenazine (drug therapy)
  haloperidol (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  hypnotic agent (drug therapy)
  lorazepam (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  memantine (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial)
  olanzapine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy)
  oxazepam (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  placebo
  risperidone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
  trazodone (drug therapy)
  valproic acid (clinical trial, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nursing home
  occupational accident (epidemiology)
  workplace violence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aggression
  agitation
  akathisia (side effect)
  behavior disorder (drug therapy)
  cerebrovascular accident (side effect)
  clinical trial
  closed angle glaucoma (side effect)
  daily life activity
  delirium (side effect)
  drug dependence (side effect)
  drug efficacy
  drug half life
  drug safety
  dystonia (side effect)
  extrapyramidal symptom (side effect)
  fall risk
  family interaction
  fever (side effect)
  heart muscle conduction disturbance (side effect)
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  memory disorder (side effect)
  neuroleptic malignant syndrome (side effect)
  nursing home personnel
  occupational hazard
  occupational safety
  orthostatic hypotension (side effect)
  paradoxical drug reaction (side effect)
  patient assessment
  patient care
  peripheral edema (side effect)
  placebo effect
  prevalence
  review
  risk assessment
  risk factor
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  somnolence (side effect)
  staff training
  treatment indication
  treatment planning
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  urinary dysfunction (side effect)
  violence
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aripiprazole (129722-12-9)
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  fluphenazine (146-56-5, 69-23-8)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  memantine (19982-08-2, 41100-52-1)
  olanzapine (132539-06-1)
  oxazepam (604-75-1)
  risperidone (106266-06-2)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009055193
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 677
TITLE
  College student receptiveness to various alcohol treatment options
AUTHOR NAMES
  Epler A.J.
  Sher K.J.
  Loomis T.B.
  O'Malley S.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Epler A.J.; Sher K.J.; Loomis T.B.; O'Malley S.S.) Department of 
Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Midwest Alcoholism Research 
Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. aje4x9@mizzou.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of American college health : J of ACH (2009) 58:1 (26-32). Date of 
Publication: 2009 Jul-Aug
ISSN
  0744-8481
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: Heavy episodic drinking remains a significant problem on college 
campuses. Although most interventions for college students are behavioral, 
pharmacological treatments, such as naltrexone, could provide additional 
options.PARTICIPANTS: The authors evaluated receptivity to various alcohol 
treatment options in a general population of college student drinkers (N = 
2,084), assessed in 2005.METHODS: The authors asked participants to indicate 
which of 8 treatment options (ie, self-help book, self-help computer 
program, self-help group, group therapy, individual therapy, monthly 
injection, targeted oral medication, or daily oral medication) they would be 
willing to consider if they were going to cut down on or stop 
drinking.RESULTS: Over 50% of drinkers expressed receptiveness to self-help 
options or psychotherapy options, and over 25% of drinkers expressed 
receptiveness to medication options.CONCLUSIONS: Increasing treatment 
options for students interested in reducing or stopping drinking by offering 
pharmacological interventions such as naltrexone could provide an important 
unmet need among college students.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  naltrexone (drug therapy)
  narcotic antagonist (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  epidemiology
  statistics and numerical data
  student
  university
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  alcoholism (drug therapy, prevention)
  drinking behavior
  drug dependence treatment
  female
  human
  male
  multivariate analysis
  patient attitude
  psychometry
  risk
  statistical model
  United States
  young adult
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19592350 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19592350)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.58.1.26-32
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2015 Medline is the source for the citation and abstract of this 
record.

RECORD 678
TITLE
  Potential uptake of an alcohol screening and brief intervention service in 
community pharmacies: A pilot interview survey of pharmacy customers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dhital R.
  Norman I.
  Milligan P.
  Whittlesea C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dhital R., ranjita.dhital@kcl.ac.uk; Norman I.; Milligan P.; Whittlesea C.) 
King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Dhital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Email: 
ranjita.dhital@kcl.ac.uk
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (2009) 17:S2 (B76-B77). Date of 
Publication: 2009
CONFERENCE NAME
  British Pharmaceutical Conference 2009
CONFERENCE LOCATION
  Manchester, United Kingdom
CONFERENCE DATE
  2009-09-06 to 2009-09-09
ISSN
  0961-7671
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press
ABSTRACT
  Introduction and Objectives: There is strong evidence to support the 
effectiveness of brief intervention to reduce and prevent alcohol misuse in 
primary health care.([1,2]) The annual UK cost of alcohol misuse is 
estimated to be approximately £25.1 billion (of which £2.7 billion is 
attributed to NHS costs).([3]) An alcohol screening service in pharmacies 
has potential to identify risky drinkers and trained pharmacists to provide 
safe drinking advice to their customers. Currently, this service is not 
available in UK community pharmacies. The aim of the study was to 
investigate the potential uptake by customers for this service. Method: 
Following primary care trust agreement, purposive sampling was used to 
select two independent and two branches of a pharmacy multiple, all with 
private consultation rooms. Ethics approval was gained from King's College 
London. Participant information leaflets were left at the pharmacy before 
the study. Over the 3-month period (from September to November 2009), the 
researcher spent a total of 12 days recruiting pharmacy customers from the 
four selected pharmacies. During this period, customers who approached the 
pharmacy counter were invited to participate, and as many as feasible were 
interviewed. Following piloting, the interview schedule was used to record 
customers' responses to the potential alcohol screening service and their 
personal characteristics (age, gender, occupation, education and frequency 
of pharmacy visits). The validated three-item screening tool, Alcohol Use 
Disorder Identification TestConsumption (AUDIT-C), was incorporated to 
identify safe and risky drinkers.([4]) Quantitative data were analysed using 
SPSS. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Open questions were 
coded and framework analysis undertaken. Results and Discussion: Of the 237 
customers (88 men) approached, 102 (43%) agreed to be interviewed (39 men). 
Of these, 98 completed the AUDIT-C, with 51 (52%) identified as risky 
drinkers. Those with AUDIT-C scores ≥3 (women) and ≥4 (men) were classified 
as risky drinkers. The mean AUDIT-C scores for all customers (men = 4.4 ± 
3.5; women = 3.0 ± 2.6, t-est P = 0.031) were outside these safe alcohol use 
limits. Most customers indicated a willingness to participate in the 
following aspects of the service: complete drinking diary (n = 95,94%), 
accept written information on safe alcohol use (n = 99, 98%), discuss their 
drinking with the pharmacist (n = 97, 96%) and attend follow-up appointments 
(n = 88, 87%). AUDIT-C score was not significantly associated with 
willingness to participate in the service or recommend it to others. 
Customers reported the following positive characteristics about the 
potential service: friendly/informal environment, no appointment necessary, 
reliable information source, nonjudgemental, voluntary and confidential 
service. Negative aspects reported were lack of time (for pharmacist and 
customer), consumer/retail environment, difficulty communicating with 
pharmacist, inappropriate role (more appropriate for general practitioner) 
and lack of privacy. In this study, risky drinkers were either more frequent 
or less frequent visitors to pharmacies than nonrisky drinkers (x(2), P = 
0.021). Participants in professional occupations and those unemployed were 
significantly more likely to be risky drinkers than those in nonprofessional 
jobs or who had retired (x(2), P = 0.015). Conclusion The findings of this 
study suggest a higher proportion of risky drinkers among pharmacy customers 
(n = 51, 52%) compared to the estimated incidence within the English 
population (25%).([3]) The findings also indicate that regardless of their 
drinking status, most customers were interested in using a pharmacy-based 
alcohol service. However, these findings would have to be verified in a 
larger scale study with a representative sample of pharmacy customers.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  interview
  pharmacy
  screening
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol consumption
  college
  consultation
  drinking
  education
  environment
  ethics
  female
  follow up
  gender
  general practitioner
  medical audit
  occupation
  pharmacist
  population
  primary health care
  primary medical care
  privacy
  sampling
  statistical significance
  United Kingdom
  work
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 679
TITLE
  Can medical students identify recreational drugs by name?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dargan P.I.
  Bishop C.R.
  Chahal C.A.A.
  Jones A.L.
  Wood D.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dargan P.I.; Bishop C.R.; Wood D.M., david.wood@gstt.nhs.uk) Guy's and St 
Thomas' Poisons Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Avonley 
Road, London SE14 5ER, United Kingdom.
(Chahal C.A.A.) The School of Medicine, King's College London, Bessemer, AL, 
United States.
(Jones A.L.) School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, 
Callaghan Drive, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia.
(Wood D.M., david.wood@gstt.nhs.uk) Guy's and St Thomas' Poisons Unit, 
Avonley Road, London SE14 5ER, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.M. Wood, Guy's and St Thomas' Poisons Unit, Avonley Road, London SE14 5ER, 
United Kingdom. Email: david.wood@gstt.nhs.uk
SOURCE
  QJM (2008) 101:12 (979-982). Date of Publication: 2008
ISSN
  1460-2725
  1460-2393 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Recreational drug toxicity is a common reason for presentation 
to the Emergency Department. Knowledge of recreational drug names is 
important to allow targeted assessment of patients presenting with 
recreational drug toxicity. Aims: To assess final year medical student 
knowledge of proper and street names for recreational drugs. Design: 
Questionnaire survey of final year medical students attending a revision 
lecture. Methods: There were two questionnaires used in this study. The 
first contained either proper names of recreational drugs or names sounding 
similar to recreational drugs or licensed pharmaceutical products; students 
were asked to identify which of these were recreational drugs. The second 
contained street names of recreational drugs and the students were asked to 
identify which recreational drug the street name referred to. Results: One 
hundred and thirty-five students completed the questionnaire 1. The mean 
total score (±SD) of correct answers was 7.15 ± 2.26 (range 2-13) out of a 
maximum of 15. One hundred and fifteen students completed questionnaire 2. 
The mean total score (±SD) of correctly identified street names was 11.0 ± 
2.6 (range 0-17) out of a maximum of 24. No individual student was able to 
correctly identify all the street names for the recreational drugs listed in 
the survey. Conclusions: We have shown that final year medical students have 
variable knowledge of both the proper and street names of recreational 
drugs. There is a need for improved education of medical students in the 
names of recreational drugs and the sources of information available to 
assist them in identifying what drugs an individual has taken. © The Author 
2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of 
Physicians. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  recreational drug (drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  1 benzylpiperazine derivative (drug toxicity)
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (drug toxicity)
  4 aminobutyric acid
  benzocaine (drug toxicity)
  benzyl benzoate (drug toxicity)
  cocaine (drug toxicity)
  gamma butyrolactone (drug toxicity)
  ketamine (drug toxicity)
  ketotifen (drug toxicity)
  lysergide (drug toxicity)
  methamphetamine (drug toxicity)
  methenamine (drug toxicity)
  ubiquinone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  access to information
  adult
  article
  controlled study
  drug abuse
  female
  human
  male
  medical education
  normal human
  priority journal
  professional knowledge
  questionnaire
  scoring system
  student attitude
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  4 aminobutyric acid (28805-76-7, 56-12-2)
  benzocaine (1333-08-0, 94-09-7)
  benzyl benzoate (120-51-4, 8022-66-0)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  gamma butyrolactone (96-48-0)
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  ketotifen (34580-13-7)
  lysergide (50-37-3)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
  methenamine (100-97-0, 24360-05-2)
  ubiquinone (1339-63-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008570542
MEDLINE PMID
  18786980 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18786980)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcn110
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 680
TITLE
  Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hall A.J.
  Logan J.E.
  Toblin R.L.
  Kaplan J.A.
  Kraner J.C.
  Bixler D.
  Crosby A.E.
  Paulozzi L.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hall A.J., ajhall@cdc.gov; Logan J.E.; Toblin R.L.) Epidemic Intelligence 
Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United 
States.
(Logan J.E.; Toblin R.L.; Crosby A.E.; Paulozzi L.J.) National Center for 
Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 
Atlanta, GA, United States.
(Hall A.J., ajhall@cdc.gov; Bixler D.) Division of Surveillance and Disease 
Control, West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Charleston, 
VA, United States.
(Kaplan J.A.; Kraner J.C.) Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, West 
Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Charleston, VA, United 
States.
(Hall A.J., ajhall@cdc.gov) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 
Mailstop A-47, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. J. Hall, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop A-47, 1600 
Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Email: ajhall@cdc.gov
SOURCE
  JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association (2008) 300:22 
(2613-2620). Date of Publication: 10 Dec 2008
ISSN
  0098-7484
  1538-3598 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Medical Association, 515 North State Street, Chicago, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Context: Use and abuse of prescription narcotic analgesics have increased 
dramatically in the United States since 1990. The effect of this 
pharmacoepidemic has been most pronounced in rural states, including West 
Virginia, which experienced the nation's largest increase in drug overdose 
mortality rates during 1999-2004. Objective: To evaluate the risk 
characteristics of persons dying of unintentional pharmaceutical overdose in 
West Virginia, the types of drugs involved, and the role of drug abuse in 
the deaths. Design, Setting, and Participants: Population-based, 
observational study using data from medical examiner, prescription drug 
monitoring program, and opiate treatment program records. The study 
population was all state residents who died of unintentional pharmaceutical 
overdoses in West Virginia in 2006. Main Outcome Measures: Rates and rate 
ratios for selected demographic variables. Prevalence of specific drugs 
among decedents and proportion that had been prescribed to decedents. 
Associations between demographics and substance abuse indicators and 
evidence of pharmaceutical diversion, defined as a death involving a 
prescription drug without a documented prescription and having received 
prescriptions for controlled substances from 5 or more clinicians during the 
year prior to death (ie, doctor shopping). Results: Of 295 decedents, 198 
(67.1%) were men and 271 (91.9%) were aged 18 through 54 years. 
Pharmaceutical diversion was associated with 186 (63.1%) deaths, while 63 
(21.4%) were accompanied by evidence of doctor shopping. Prevalence of 
diversion was greatest among decedents aged 18 through 24 years and 
decreased across each successive age group. Having prescriptions for a 
controlled substance from 5 or more clinicians in the year prior to death 
was more common among women (30 [30.9%]) and decedents aged 35 through 44 
years (23 [30.7%]) compared with men (33 [16.7%]) and other age groups (40 
[18.2%]). Substance abuse indicators were identified in 279 decedents 
(94.6%), with nonmedical routes of exposure and illicit contributory drugs 
particularly prevalent among drug diverters. Multiple contributory 
substances were implicated in 234 deaths (79.3%). Opioid analgesics were 
taken by 275 decedents (93.2%), of whom only 122 (44.4%) had ever been 
prescribed these drugs. Conclusion: The majority of overdose deaths in West 
Virginia in 2006 were associated with nonmedical use and diversion of 
pharmaceuticals, primarily opioid analgesics. ©2008 American Medical 
Association. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alprazolam (drug toxicity)
  amfebutamone (drug toxicity)
  amitriptyline (drug toxicity)
  chlordiazepoxide (drug toxicity)
  citalopram (drug toxicity)
  clonazepam (drug toxicity)
  cocaine (drug toxicity)
  codeine (drug toxicity)
  desipramine (drug toxicity)
  dextropropoxyphene (drug toxicity)
  diamorphine (drug toxicity)
  diazepam (drug toxicity)
  dihydrocodeine (drug toxicity)
  doxepin (drug toxicity)
  fentanyl (drug toxicity)
  fluoxetine (drug toxicity)
  hydrocodone (drug toxicity)
  hydromorphone (drug toxicity)
  methadone (drug toxicity)
  methamphetamine (drug toxicity)
  morphine (drug toxicity)
  oxycodone (drug toxicity)
  paroxetine (drug toxicity)
  pethidine (drug toxicity)
  phenytoin (drug toxicity)
  sertraline (drug toxicity)
  temazepam (drug toxicity)
  tramadol (drug toxicity)
  trazodone (drug toxicity)
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse pattern
  drug fatality (epidemiology)
  drug overdose (epidemiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  age distribution
  aged
  article
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical record review
  observational study
  prescription
  prevalence
  priority journal
  risk assessment
  sex ratio
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  dihydrocodeine (125-28-0, 24204-13-5, 5965-13-9)
  doxepin (1229-29-4, 1668-19-5)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  temazepam (846-50-4)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008592316
MEDLINE PMID
  19066381 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19066381)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.802
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 681
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care in an inpatient pediatric hematopoietic stem cell 
transplant service
AUTHOR NAMES
  Prot-Labarthe S.
  Therrien R.
  Demanche C.
  Larocque D.
  Bussières J.-F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Prot-Labarthe S.; Bussières J.-F., jf.bussieres@ssss.gouv.qc.ca) Unité de 
Recherche en Pratique Pharmaceutique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire(CHU) 
Sainte Justine, 3175 chemin de la côte, Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 
1C5, Canada.
(Prot-Labarthe S.; Therrien R.; Demanche C.; Larocque D.; Bussières J.-F., 
jf.bussieres@ssss.gouv.qc.ca) Pharmacy Department, Centre Hospitalier 
Universitaire(CHU) Sainte Justine, 3175 chemin de la côte, Sainte Catherine, 
Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.-F. Bussières, Unité de Recherche en Pratique Pharmaceutique (URPP), 
Pharmacy Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine, 3175 
chemin de la côte, Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada. Email: 
jf.bussieres@ssss.gouv.qc.ca
SOURCE
  Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice (2008) 14:3 (147-152). Date of 
Publication: 2008
ISSN
  1078-1552
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Ltd, 55 City Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Introduction. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients represent a 
population at high risk for drug-related problems. Our objective is to 
describe pharmacist interventions in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant 
pediatric unit. Methods and Patients. The Hematopoietic StemCell Transplant 
Unit of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine performs around 
50 hematopoietic stem cell transplants per year. During a pharmaceutical 
care specialized residency program, a French pharmacist participated in 
certain clinical activities. Drug-related problems and clinical 
interventions were compiled over 31 nonconsecutive days using a tool 
developed by the Société Française de Pharmacie Clinique. Data concerning 
patients, drugs, intervention, documentation, approval (if needed), and 
estimated impact were compiled. Results. During the 31-day period, 525 
interventions were collected (16.9 ± 3.7 per day), targeting 29 patients. 
The main drug-related problems were adverse drug reactions (N = 125, 23.8%), 
untreated indication (N = 92, 17.5%) and failure to receive drug (N = 89, 
17.0%). The pharmacist's interventions concerned mainly dose adjustment (N = 
174, 33.1%) and drug monitoring (N = 132, 25.1%). Among the 324 (61.7%) 
interventions requiring a physician's approval, 302 (93.2%) were accepted 
without any change. Conclusion. A pharmacist is able to perform clinically 
relevant interventions in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit, given 
the complexity of the pharmacotherapy. Our description of drug-related 
problems and interventions may help other pharmacists already working or 
developing pharmaceutical care in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit 
to compare their practice and it is one of the few reported in the 
literature. © 2008 SAGE Publications.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  busulfan (drug combination, drug therapy)
  carboplatin (drug combination, drug therapy)
  carmustine (drug combination, drug therapy)
  cyclophosphamide (drug combination, drug therapy)
  cyclosporin
  cytarabine (drug combination, drug therapy)
  etoposide (drug combination, drug therapy)
  fludarabine (drug combination, drug therapy)
  magnesium
  melphalan (drug combination, drug therapy)
  ondansetron
  thymocyte antibody (drug combination, drug therapy)
  tobramycin
  vancomycin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health service
  hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute lymphoblastic leukemia (drug therapy, radiotherapy, therapy)
  adolescent
  article
  child
  clinical article
  clinical protocol
  drug monitoring
  Ewing sarcoma (drug therapy, radiotherapy, therapy)
  female
  Hodgkin disease (drug therapy, radiotherapy, therapy)
  hospital patient
  human
  leukemia (drug therapy, radiotherapy, therapy)
  male
  medical documentation
  pediatrics
  pharmacist attitude
  priority journal
  whole body radiation
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  busulfan (55-98-1)
  carboplatin (41575-94-4)
  carmustine (154-93-8)
  cyclophosphamide (50-18-0)
  cyclosporin (79217-60-0)
  cytarabine (147-94-4, 69-74-9)
  etoposide (33419-42-0)
  fludarabine (21679-14-1)
  magnesium (7439-95-4)
  melphalan (148-82-3)
  ondansetron (103639-04-9, 116002-70-1, 99614-01-4)
  tobramycin (32986-56-4)
  vancomycin (1404-90-6, 1404-93-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Cancer (16)
  Hematology (25)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009108727
MEDLINE PMID
  18719069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719069)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155208093929
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 682
TITLE
  Equipping pharmacy undergraduates to deal with life on the jubilee line !
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cairns C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cairns C.)
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2008) 281:7530 (641). Date of Publication: 29 Nov 
2008
ISSN
  0031-6873
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmaceutical Press, 1 Lambeth High Street, London, United Kingdom.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  paramedical education
  pharmacy
  professional practice
  public health service
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  career
  community care
  conference paper
  continuing education
  cultural anthropology
  drug industry
  drug misuse
  education program
  financial management
  health care quality
  health promotion
  job performance
  learning style
  medical ethics
  medical society
  patient care
  personal experience
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy student
  problem solving
  professional competence
  professional development
  professional standard
  professionalism
  quality of life
  registration
  sexual education
  skill
  smoking cessation program
  student attitude
  United Kingdom
  workplace
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008593513
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 683
TITLE
  Exacerbation of psychosis: A case of possible varenicline-mediated effects 
in an intellectually disabled adult
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brahm N.C.
  Fast G.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brahm N.C., nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu) Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and 
Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, 4502 E. 
41st Street, Tulsa, OK 74135-2512, United States.
(Fast G.A.) Outpatient Psychiatry, Wichita, KS, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.C. Brahm, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, 4502 E. 41st Street, 
Tulsa, OK 74135-2512, United States. Email: nancy-brahm@ouhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses (2008) 2:3 (259-261). Date of 
Publication: October 2008
ISSN
  1935-1232
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Walsh Medical Media, LLC, P.O. Box 193, Montvale, NJ 07645, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Varenicline represents a new agent available to aid smoking cessation. A 
twenty-five year old, white male with diagnoses of Psychosis Not Otherwise 
Specified, Antisocial Personality Disorder, nicotine dependence, and mild 
mental retardation with food obsession, paranoia, and a seizure disorder, 
was well controlled with a regimen of ziprasidone and haloperidol for 
paranoia and psychosis, escitalopram for obsessiveness, and carbamazepine 
for seizures. He became increasingly paranoid following the addition of 
varenicline for smoking cessation. An increase in ziprasidone resolved 
paranoid symptoms. Concurrent use of ziprasidone, haloperidol and 
carbamazepine may have provided more psychiatric stability in this patient. 
There may exist a subset of patients for whom use of varenicline may 
increase the risk of breakthrough psychosis or mania. This case report was 
accepted for a poster presentation at the 2008 College of Psychiatric & 
Neurologic Pharmacists Annual Meeting, April 13-16, 2008, Scottsdale, AZ.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  varenicline (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  carbamazepine (drug therapy)
  escitalopram (drug therapy)
  haloperidol (drug therapy)
  ziprasidone (drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  intellectual impairment
  psychosis (side effect, diagnosis, drug therapy, side effect, therapy)
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aggression
  article
  auditory hallucination (side effect)
  behavior disorder (side effect)
  behavior therapy
  case report
  depression (drug therapy)
  drug dose increase
  drug dose titration
  drug withdrawal
  health care facility
  human
  long term care
  male
  mental deficiency (drug therapy)
  morning dosage
  obsessive compulsive disorder (drug therapy)
  paranoia (drug therapy, side effect)
  patient attitude
  patient compliance
  seizure (drug therapy)
  side effect (side effect)
  smoking cessation
  verbal hostility
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  escitalopram (128196-01-0, 219861-08-2)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  varenicline (249296-44-4, 375815-87-5)
  ziprasidone (118289-78-4, 122883-93-6, 138982-67-9, 199191-69-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008509747
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.2.3.7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 684
TITLE
  Community pharmacists' attitudes towards mental illness and providing 
pharmaceutical care for mentally ill patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Al-Arifi M.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Al-Arifi M.N., malarifi@ksu.edu.sa) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
(Al-Arifi M.N., malarifi@ksu.edu.sa) Drug and Poison Information Center, 
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. N. Al-Arifi, Drug and Poison Information Center, College of Pharmacy, 
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Email: malarifi@ksu.edu.sa
SOURCE
  Neurosciences (2008) 13:4 (412-420). Date of Publication: October 2008
ISSN
  1319-6138
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Saudi Arabian Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: To examine the attitudes of community pharmacist to both mental 
illness and provision of pharmaceutical care. Methods: The study was 
conducted from May 2006 to September 2006 in College of Pharmacy, King Saud 
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey composed of the demographic 
characteristics of the respondents, who were asked 6 Likert type questions 
on the attitudes of the pharmacists toward mental illness, providing 
pharmaceutical care to mentally ill patients, the barriers of the provision 
of the service and differentiation between different types of mental 
illness. Results: Forty-three pharmacists participated in the study. 
Eighty-eight percent of the pharmacists felt that mental illness was the 
same as other illnesses. Sixty-six percent of the respondents "strongly 
agree," or "agree" that mentally ill patients were easily recognizable. 
Thirty-three percent of the respondents "disagree," or "strongly disagree" 
that mentally ill patients have no ability to tell right from wrong. In 
general, 43.3-87.7% of respondents are being "much more" or "more" 
interested, comfortable, and confident to perform pharmaceutical care to 
mentally ill patients. An average range of 30-67% of respondents felt 
neutral, or "much more" or "more" comfortable, confident for screening and 
solving drug-related problems, and compliance with drug therapy. Barriers 
that limit the provision of pharmaceutical care to the mentally ill patients 
include the lack of training in pharmaceutical care practice (88.4%), lack 
of therapeutic knowledge (83.7%), lack of documentation skill (79%), lack of 
communication (76.8%), lack of space for counseling (76.7%), insufficient 
time (74.5%) and lack of staff (72.1%). Conclusion: Although pharmacists 
have positive attitudes to both mental illness and providing pharmaceutical 
care to mentally ill patients, they felt uncomfortable counseling or 
carrying out follow-up monitoring of patients for adverse drug-related 
problems.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  mental disease
  pharmacist attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical practice
  pharmaceutical care
  questionnaire
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Arabic
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008523458
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 685
TITLE
  Pharmacological Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of 
Dementia (BPSD) in Nursing Homes: Development of Practice Recommendations in 
a Swiss Canton (DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2008.04.003)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Locca J.-F.
  Büla C.J.
  Zumbach S.
  Bugnon O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Locca J.-F.; Bugnon O., Olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch) Universities of Lausanne 
and Geneva, Community Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Pharmacie de la PMU, 
Lausanne, Switzerland.
(Büla C.J.) Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, 
Department of Medicine, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
(Zumbach S.) Service of Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric Hospital, 
Marsens, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Bugnon, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Community Pharmacy Practice 
Research Unit, Pharmacie de la PMU, Lausanne, Switzerland. Email: 
Olivier.bugnon@hospvd.ch
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2008) 9:8 
(611-611.e10). Date of Publication: October 2008
ISSN
  1525-8610
  1538-9375 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: In 2002, the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland, implemented a 
coordinated pharmaceutical care service in nursing homes to promote rational 
drug use. In the context of this service, a project was conducted to develop 
recommendations for the pharmacological management of behavioral and 
psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in nursing home residents. Design 
and Methods: Selected evidence-based guidelines and meta-analysis sources 
related to the management of depression, insomnia, and agitation in dementia 
patients were systematically searched and evaluated. Evidence and 
controversies regarding the pharmacological treatment of the most common 
BPSD symptoms were reviewed, and treatment algorithms were developed. 
Results: Ten evidence-based guidelines and meta-analyses for BPSD management 
were identified, with none specifically addressing issues related to nursing 
home residents. Based on this literature, recommendations were developed for 
the practice of pharmacological management of depression, sleep 
disturbances, and agitation in nursing home residents. For depression, SSRIs 
are considered the first choice if an antidepressant is required. No clear 
evidence has been found for sleep disturbances; the underlying conditions 
need to be investigated closely before the introduction of any drug therapy. 
Many drugs have been investigated for the treatment of agitation, and if 
necessary, antipsychotics could be used, although they have significant side 
effects. Several areas of uncertainty were identified, such as the current 
controversy about typical and atypical antipsychotic use or the 
appropriateness of cholinesterase inhibitors for controlling agitation. 
Treatment algorithms were presented to general practitioners, pharmacists, 
and medical directors of nursing homes in the canton of Fribourg, and will 
now be implemented progressively, using educational sessions, pharmaceutical 
counseling, and monitoring. Conclusion: Based on existing evidence-based 
studies, recommendations were developed for the practice of pharmacological 
management of depression, sleep disturbances, and agitation in nursing home 
residents. It should be further studied whether these algorithms implemented 
through pharmaceutical care services will improve psychotropic drug 
prescriptions and prevent drug-related problems in nursing home residents. © 
2008 American Medical Directors Association.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  aripiprazole (drug therapy)
  atypical antipsychotic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug 
therapy)
  cholinesterase inhibitor (drug therapy)
  citalopram (drug therapy)
  clomipramine (drug therapy)
  diazepam (drug therapy)
  etoperidone (drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (drug therapy)
  haloperidol (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  imipramine (drug therapy)
  loxapine (drug therapy)
  maprotiline (drug therapy)
  melatonin (drug therapy)
  moclobemide (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy)
  olanzapine (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy)
  placebo
  psychotropic agent (drug therapy)
  quetiapine (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  risperidone (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
  thioridazine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  tiotixene (drug therapy)
  trazodone (drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
  valproic acid (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  venlafaxine (drug therapy)
  zuclopenthixol (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  behavior disorder (drug therapy)
  dementia (drug therapy)
  mental disease (drug therapy)
  pharmaceutical care
  practice guideline
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agitation
  algorithm
  cerebrovascular disease (side effect)
  cognitive defect (drug therapy)
  delirium (side effect)
  depression (drug therapy)
  disease control
  drug choice
  drug efficacy
  drug megadose
  drug safety
  erratum
  evidence based practice
  extrapyramidal syndrome (side effect)
  general practitioner
  human
  insomnia (drug therapy)
  nursing home
  nursing home patient
  nursing home personnel
  patient counseling
  patient education
  patient monitoring
  pharmacist
  prescription
  QT prolongation (side effect)
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  Switzerland
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aripiprazole (129722-12-9)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  clomipramine (17321-77-6, 303-49-1)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  etoperidone (52942-31-1, 57775-22-1)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  loxapine (1977-10-2)
  maprotiline (10262-69-8, 10347-81-6)
  melatonin (73-31-4)
  moclobemide (71320-77-9)
  olanzapine (132539-06-1)
  quetiapine (111974-72-2)
  risperidone (106266-06-2)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  thioridazine (130-61-0, 50-52-2)
  tiotixene (5591-45-7)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
  zuclopenthixol (53772-83-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008454239
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2008.09.001
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 686
TITLE
  A guided abstinence experience to illustrate addiction recovery principles
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baldwin J.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baldwin J.N., jbaldwin@unmc.edu) College of Pharmacy, University of 
Nebraska Medical Center, .
(Baldwin J.N., jbaldwin@unmc.edu) 986045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 
68198-6045, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. N. Baldwin, 986045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6045, United 
States. Email: jbaldwin@unmc.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2008) 72:4 Article Number: 78. 
Date of Publication: 2008
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives. To develop and implement an elective pharmacy course that 
included a guided abstinence experience to illustrate addiction recovery 
principles. Design. A 1-credit elective course to illustrate addiction 
recovery principles was developed and implemented. The course required 
students to give up a habit for 6 weeks that was causing them problems, meet 
weekly to discuss addiction recovery processes, and relate their experiences 
in a journal. Course grades were determined by class participation, 
submitted worksheets, and submission of the journal and a paper concerning 
their role as a pharmacist in dealing with those with addictions and in 
recovery. Pre- and posttests consisting of addiction case scenarios were 
used to assess students' application of course material. Assessment. Graded 
course elements, pretesting and posttesting, and student course evaluations 
indicated that course objectives were met. Over the past 15 years, student 
enrollment has grown from approximately 10% of pharmacy classes to 
approximately 50% (average 31 students). Conclusion. A guided abstinence 
experience was an effective tool for teaching pharmacy students the concepts 
of addiction and recovery.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  allied health education
  drug dependence
  drug withdrawal
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  convalescence
  experience
  experiential learning
  human
  pharmacy
  pharmacy student
  review
  teaching
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008401292
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 687
TITLE
  Yohimbine impairs extinction of cocaine-conditioned place preference in an 
α(2)-adrenergic receptor independent process
AUTHOR NAMES
  Davis A.R.
  Shields A.D.
  Brigman J.L.
  Norcross M.
  McElligott Z.A.
  Holmes A.
  Winder D.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Davis A.R.; McElligott Z.A.; Winder D.G., danny.winder@vanderbilt.edu) 
Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 
TN 37232-0615, United States.
(Shields A.D.; Winder D.G., danny.winder@vanderbilt.edu) Department of 
Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 
Nashville, TN 37232-0615, United States.
(Brigman J.L.; Norcross M.; Holmes A.) Section on Behavioral Science and 
Genetics, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on 
Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Rockville, MD 20852-94 11, United States.
(Winder D.G., danny.winder@vanderbilt.edu) Kennedy Center For Human 
Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. G. Winder, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical 
Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, United States. Email: 
danny.winder@vanderbilt.edu
SOURCE
  Learning and Memory (2008) 15:9 (667-676). Date of Publication: September 
2008
ISSN
  1072-0502
  1549-5485 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 500 Sunnyside Boulevard, Woodbury New 
York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Extinction, a form of learning that has the ability to reshape learned 
behavior based on new experiences, has been heavily studied utilizing fear 
learning paradigms. Mechanisms underlying extinction of positive-valence 
associations, such as drug self-administration and place preference, are 
poorly understood yet may have important relevance to addiction treatment. 
Data suggest a major role for the noradrenergic system in extinction of 
fear-based learning. Employing both pharmacological and genetic approaches, 
we investigated the role of the α(2)-adrenergic receptor (α(2)-AR) in 
extinction of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and glutamatergic 
transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). We found 
that pre-extinction systemic treatment with the α(2)-AR antagonist yohimbine 
impaired cocaine CPP extinction in C57BL/6J mice, an effect that was not 
mimicked by the more selective α(2)-AR antagonist, atipamezole. Moreover, 
α(2A)-AR knockout mice exhibited similar cocaine CPP extinction and 
exacerbated extinction impairing effects of yohimbine. Using acute brain 
slices and electrophysiological approaches, we found that yohimbine produces 
a slowly evolving depression of glutamatergic transmission in the BNST that 
was not mimicked by atipamezole. Further, this action was extant in slices 
from α(2A)-AR knockout mice. Our data strongly suggest that 
extinction-modifying effects of yohimbine are unlikely to be due to actions 
at α(2A)-ARs. © 2008 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alpha 2 adrenergic receptor (endogenous compound)
  cocaine
  yohimbine (intraperitoneal drug administration, pharmacology, subcutaneous 
drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alpha 2A adrenergic receptor (endogenous compound)
  alpha adrenergic receptor blocking agent (pharmacology)
  atipamezole (subcutaneous drug administration)
  glutamic acid (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alpha adrenergic receptor blocking
  drug mechanism
  place preference
  reinforcement
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal tissue
  article
  association
  brain electrophysiology
  brain slice
  cocaine dependence
  controlled study
  drug effect
  drug self administration
  fear
  knockout mouse
  learning
  male
  mouse
  neurotransmission
  nonhuman
  noradrenergic system
  priority journal
  protein function
  stria terminalis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  atipamezole (104054-27-5)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  glutamic acid (11070-68-1, 138-15-8, 56-86-0, 6899-05-4)
  yohimbine (146-48-5, 65-19-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008434039
MEDLINE PMID
  18772254 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772254)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.1079308
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 688
TITLE
  Strategies for facilitating change in alcohol and other drugs (AOD) 
professional practice: A systematic review of the effectiveness of reminders 
and feedback
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bywood P.T.
  Lunnay B.
  Roche A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bywood P.T., petra.bywood@flinders.edu.au; Lunnay B.; Roche A.M.) National 
Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, SA, 
Australia.
(Bywood P.T., petra.bywood@flinders.edu.au) National Centre for Education 
and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, 
Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. T. Bywood, National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction 
(NCETA), Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. 
Email: petra.bywood@flinders.edu.au
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Review (2008) 27:5 (548-558). Date of Publication: 
September 2008
ISSN
  0959-5236
  1465-3362 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Taylor and Francis Ltd., 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, 
United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  In all areas of health research, including the alcohol and other drugs (AOD) 
field, funds are committed to developing and evaluating research and 
resources, yet little is invested into helping potential resource users 
understand, adopt and implement innovations. This study evaluated the 
effectiveness of two professional practice change interventions (reminders 
and feedback) that are designed to bridge the 'research-practice gap' by 
increasing knowledge and changing behaviour of health-care professionals and 
specialist AOD workers. We conducted a systematic review of general health, 
AOD and mental health literature (1966 to March 2005). Fourteen existing 
systematic reviews and 15 primary studies were assessed. Because few studies 
evaluated the effectiveness of reminders and feedback in the AOD context, 
evidence is drawn largely from the general health-care literature. Use of 
reminders and feedback is supported for a range of health behaviours. 
AOD-specific clinical behaviours that are most likely to be improved with 
the use of reminders or feedback include pharmacotherapy prescribing, AOD 
education, screening and counselling and monitoring/management of AOD 
treatment and/or related problems (e.g. depression). Reminders and feedback 
are effective strategies to facilitate professional practice change and have 
potential in the AOD field. However, further well-designed empirical studies 
are needed to assess fully the effectiveness of these professional practice 
change strategies in AOD-specific contexts. © Australasian Professional 
Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adaptive behavior
  addiction
  clinical practice
  outcome assessment
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  health care personnel
  health services research
  human
  medical audit
  review
  standard
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  18696301 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18696301)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595230802245535
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 689
TITLE
  A guided abstinence experience to illustrate addiction recovery principles.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baldwin J.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baldwin J.N.) College of Pharmacy, The University of Nebraska Medical 
Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6045, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.N. Baldwin, College of Pharmacy, The University of Nebraska Medical 
Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6045, USA. Email: jbaldwin@unmc.edu
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2008) 72:4 (78). Date of 
Publication: 15 Aug 2008
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To develop and implement an elective pharmacy course that 
included a guided abstinence experience to illustrate addiction recovery 
principles. DESIGN: A 1-credit elective course to illustrate addiction 
recovery principles was developed and implemented. The course required 
students to give up a habit for 6 weeks that was causing them problems, meet 
weekly to discuss addiction recovery processes, and relate their experiences 
in a journal. Course grades were determined by class participation, 
submitted worksheets, and submission of the journal and a paper concerning 
their role as a pharmacist in dealing with those with addictions and in 
recovery. Pre- and posttests consisting of addiction case scenarios were 
used to assess students' application of course material. ASSESSMENT: Graded 
course elements, pretesting and posttesting, and student course evaluations 
indicated that course objectives were met. Over the past 15 years, student 
enrollment has grown from approximately 10% of pharmacy classes to 
approximately 50% (average 31 students). CONCLUSION: A guided abstinence 
experience was an effective tool for teaching pharmacy students the concepts 
of addiction and recovery.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (therapy)
  education
  habit
  pharmacy student
  problem based learning
  withdrawal syndrome (therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude to health
  clinical competence
  counseling
  curriculum
  health care quality
  health personnel attitude
  human
  methodology
  perception
  program development
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  19002278 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19002278)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 690
TITLE
  A tool to teach communication skills to pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hasan S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hasan S., shasan@sharjah.ac.ae) College of Pharmacy, Sharjah University, 
United Arab Emirates.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Hasan, College of Pharmacy, Sharjah University, United Arab Emirates. 
Email: shasan@sharjah.ac.ae
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2008) 72:3 Article Number: 67. 
Date of Publication: 2008
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective. To develop a tool to teach pharmacy students assertive 
communication skills to use when talking with physicians over the telephone. 
Design. As an assignment for their Communication Skills and Counseling 
course, students were asked to write a script involving a patient care issue 
or problem covering 3 different communication styles that could be used when 
contacting a prescriber by telephone: passive, aggressive, and assertive. 
Students worked in groups to write and act out the scripts for the class. 
Assessment. Eight scripts were developed by students and rated by peers and 
faculty members. The script that received the highest ratings was used in 
the development of a multimedia educational CD. Conclusion. The development 
of hypothetical scripts describing a drug therapy problem and illustrating 
the types of interactions between physicians and pharmacists while 
discussing the problem allowed pharmacy students to explore different 
communication techniques and improve their communication skills.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  communication skill
  paramedical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  patient care
  pharmacy student
  verbal communication
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008324458
MEDLINE PMID
  18698394 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18698394)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 691
TITLE
  Evaluation of different methods of providing medication-related education to 
patients following myocardial infarction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Polack J.
  Jorgenson D.
  Robertson P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Polack J., Jolene.Polack@saskatoonhealthregion.ca; Jorgenson D.; Robertson 
P.) Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Saskatoon Health Region, 
Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Polack, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Saskatoon Health Region, 
Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Email: Jolene.Polack@saskatoonhealthregion.ca
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmacists Journal (2008) 141:4 (241-247). Date of Publication: 
July/August 2008
ISSN
  1715-1635
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Pharmacists Association, 1785 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, Canada.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Patient education is one method used to improve the utilization 
of post-myocardial infarction (MI) medications, but there is limited 
evidence on how best to provide this education. Objective: To determine if 
an education session provided by a pharmacist in the community to post-MI 
patients soon after hospital discharge is more effective than a 
pre-discharge education session provided by a pharmacist or a nurse. 
Methods: This was a randomized, controlled trial. Patients hospitalized with 
an MI were randomized to receive usual care (nurse-led pre-discharge 
education), hospital pharmacist pre-discharge medication education, or 
medication education from a pharmacist 1 to 2 weeks after discharge. A 
survey was conducted to assess the primary endpoints of medication adherence 
and knowledge retention. As a secondary endpoint, drug-related problems were 
identified in the post-discharge pharmacist education group. Results: A 
total of 14 patients were included in the final analyses. Although there was 
no difference in medication adherence between groups as measured using the 
Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire or the Morisky Self-Reported 
Medication-Taking Scale, the post-discharge pharmacist education group 
scored significantly better on 2 out of 3 measures of knowledge retention (p 
< 0.001). A mean of 2.75 drug-related problems per patient were identified 
by the pharmacist during the education session provided in the 
post-discharge group. Conclusion: Despite a limited sample size, our results 
suggest that providing pharmacist-led post-MI medication education in a 
community setting after hospital discharge may improve medication knowledge 
and adherence while providing an opportunity to identify a number of 
drug-related problems. Additional research is necessary to confirm these 
results in a larger sample before practice change is warranted.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antithrombocytic agent (drug therapy)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor (drug therapy)
  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug information
  heart infarction (drug therapy, therapy)
  patient education
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  community care
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  drug safety
  female
  health education
  human
  intermethod comparison
  male
  nursing care
  patient attitude
  patient care
  pharmacist attitude
  randomized controlled trial
  recall
  review
  treatment response
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008517350
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3821/1913-701X(2008)141[241:EODMOP]2.0.CO;2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 692
TITLE
  Pharmacological Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of 
Dementia (BPSD) in Nursing Homes: Development of Practice Recommendations in 
a Swiss Canton
AUTHOR NAMES
  Locca J.-F.
  Büla C.J.
  Zumbach S.
  Bugnon O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Locca J.-F.; Büla C.J.; Zumbach S.; Bugnon O., Oliver.bugnon@hospvd.ch) 
Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Community Pharmacy Practice Research 
Unit, Pharmacie de la PMU, Lausanne, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.-F. Locca, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Community Pharmacy 
Practice Research Unit, Pharmacie de la PMU, Lausanne, Switzerland.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2008) 9:6 (439-448). 
Date of Publication: July 2008
ISSN
  1525-8610
  1538-9375 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: In 2002, the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland, implemented a 
coordinated pharmaceutical care service in nursing homes to promote rational 
drug use. In the context of this service, a project was conducted to develop 
recommendations for the pharmacological management of behavioral and 
psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in nursing home residents. Design 
and Methods: Selected evidence-based guidelines and meta-analysis sources 
related to the management of depression, insomnia, and agitation in dementia 
patients were systematically searched and evaluated. Evidence and 
controversies regarding the pharmacological treatment of the most common 
BPSD symptoms were reviewed, and treatment algorithms were developed. 
Results: Ten evidence-based guidelines and meta-analyses for BPSD management 
were identified, with none specifically addressing issues related to nursing 
home residents. Based on this literature, recommendations were developed for 
the practice of pharmacological management of depression, sleep 
disturbances, and agitation in nursing home residents. For depression, SSRIs 
are considered the first choice if an antidepressant is required. No clear 
evidence has been found for sleep disturbances; the underlying conditions 
need to be investigated closely before the introduction of any drug therapy. 
Many drugs have been investigated for the treatment of agitation, and if 
necessary, antipsychotics could be used, although they have significant side 
effects. Several areas of uncertainty were identified, such as the current 
controversy about typical and atypical antipsychotic use or the 
appropriateness of cholinesterase inhibitors for controlling agitation. 
Treatment algorithms were presented to general practitioners, pharmacists, 
and medical directors of nursing homes in the canton of Fribourg, and will 
now be implemented progressively, using educational sessions, pharmaceutical 
counseling, and monitoring. Conclusion: Based on existing evidence-based 
studies, recommendations were developed for the practice of pharmacological 
management of depression, sleep disturbances, and agitation in nursing home 
residents. It should be further studied whether these algorithms implemented 
through pharmaceutical care services will improve psychotropic drug 
prescriptions and prevent drug-related problems in nursing home residents. © 
2008 American Medical Directors Association.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aripiprazole (drug therapy)
  atypical antipsychotic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug 
therapy)
  cholinesterase inhibitor (drug therapy)
  citalopram (drug therapy)
  clomethiazole (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  clomipramine (drug therapy)
  diazepam (drug therapy)
  etoperidone (drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (drug therapy)
  haloperidol (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug dose, drug 
therapy)
  loxapine (drug therapy)
  maprotiline (drug therapy)
  melatonin (drug therapy)
  memantine (drug therapy)
  moclobemide (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy)
  olanzapine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  psychotropic agent (drug therapy)
  quetiapine (drug therapy)
  risperidone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
  thioridazine (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy)
  tiotixene (drug therapy)
  trazodone (drug therapy)
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
  valproic acid (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  venlafaxine (drug therapy)
  zuclopenthixol (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  behavior disorder (drug therapy)
  dementia (drug therapy, therapy)
  mental disease (drug therapy)
  practice guideline
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  administrative personnel
  agitation
  algorithm
  article
  cerebrovascular disease (side effect)
  counseling
  depression (drug therapy)
  disease control
  drug choice
  drug efficacy
  drug megadose
  drug monitoring
  drug safety
  drug withdrawal
  evidence based medicine
  extrapyramidal symptom (side effect)
  general practitioner
  human
  insomnia (drug therapy)
  medical education
  nursing home
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  physical activity
  prescription
  QT prolongation (side effect)
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  Switzerland
  symptom
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aripiprazole (129722-12-9)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  clomethiazole (1867-58-9, 533-45-9)
  clomipramine (17321-77-6, 303-49-1)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  etoperidone (52942-31-1, 57775-22-1)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  loxapine (1977-10-2)
  maprotiline (10262-69-8, 10347-81-6)
  melatonin (73-31-4)
  memantine (19982-08-2, 41100-52-1)
  moclobemide (71320-77-9)
  olanzapine (132539-06-1)
  quetiapine (111974-72-2)
  risperidone (106266-06-2)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  thioridazine (130-61-0, 50-52-2)
  tiotixene (5591-45-7)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
  zuclopenthixol (53772-83-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008298064
MEDLINE PMID
  18585647 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18585647)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2008.04.003
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 693
TITLE
  Public awareness of the abuse of herbs and drugs to decrease body weight: A 
novel national survey in Jordan
AUTHOR NAMES
  Al-Safi S.A.
  Ayoub N.M.
  Ayoub A.M.
  Al-Momany E.
  Al-Doghim I.
  Al-Balas M.
  Alkofahi A.S.
  Aboul-Enein F.H.
  Aboul-Enein B.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Al-Safi S.A.; Ayoub N.M.; Ayoub A.M.; Al-Momany E.) Department of Clinical 
Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 
P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
(Alkofahi A.S.) Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty 
of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, 
Irbid 22110, Jordan.
(Al-Doghim I.) King Hussein Medical City, Amman, Jordan.
(Al-Balas M.) Pharm D Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Aboul-Enein F.H., faboulenein@mail.twu.edu) Texas Woman's University, 
College of Nursing, 6700 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
(Aboul-Enein B.H.) Department of Dietetic Technology, San Jacinto College, 
8060 Spencer Highway, Pasadena, TX 77505, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. H. Aboul-Enein, Texas Woman's University, College of Nursing, 6700 
Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Email: faboulenein@mail.twu.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Public Health (2008) 16:3 (205-213). Date of Publication: June 
2008
ISSN
  0943-1853
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to measure the degree of 
public preferences regarding the various weight-loss practices and to assess 
the level of awareness regarding the risks and health hazards associated 
with the application of unhealthful measures to lose weight. Methods: 
Approximately 30,000 individuals selected from various regions in Jordan 
filled in a self-reported questionnaire. Participants were interviewed by 
well-trained senior pharmacy students and were asked to report their 
response to various aspects regarding body weight-loss practices. Results: 
Of the respondents, 74.55% agreed that dietary restriction is the major 
intervention to lose weight. A modest majority of respondents (39.09%) 
believed that nervousness and irritability are serious drawbacks for 
uncontrolled administration of the hormone thyroxine. The highest percentage 
of responding females (67.12%) reported diarrhea as a major adverse effect 
to laxative abuse. Discussion: The availability and the number of adverse 
events associated with herbal and dietary supplements to lose weight are on 
the rise. Obese patients should consider realistic expectations and be 
encouraged to follow healthy lifestyle interventions. Health care 
professionals are best suited to educate obese patients about unhealthy 
practices like laxative and diuretic abuse. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiobesity agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  central stimulant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  diuretic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  ephedrine (drug therapy)
  herbaceous agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  laxative (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  thyroxine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  obesity (drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  body weight
  brain damage (side effect)
  cardiovascular disease (side effect)
  controlled study
  diarrhea (side effect)
  diet restriction
  drug dependence (side effect)
  drug preference
  female
  gastrointestinal disease (side effect)
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  headache (side effect)
  health hazard
  health survey
  herb
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  interview
  irritability
  kidney failure (side effect)
  major clinical study
  male
  nervousness
  pharmacy student
  potassium deficiency (side effect)
  questionnaire
  risk factor
  self report
  sex ratio
  side effect (side effect)
  substance abuse
  tremor (side effect)
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  vertigo (side effect)
  vitamin deficiency (side effect)
  weight reduction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  ephedrine (299-42-3, 50-98-6)
  thyroxine (7488-70-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Endocrinology (3)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008248464
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-007-0166-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 694
TITLE
  Evaluation of scopolamine patch pharmacotherapy for motion sickness in S. 
Korean
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lim S.C.
  Lee M.K.
  Lee C.K.
  Lee B.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lim S.C., slim@chungbuk.ac.kr; Lee M.K.; Lee C.K.; Lee B.R.) College of 
Pharmacy, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, 410 Sungbong-ro, 
Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. C. Lim, College of Pharmacy, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, 410 
Sungbong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea. Email: 
slim@chungbuk.ac.kr
SOURCE
  Biomolecules and Therapeutics (2008) 16:2 (161-167). Date of Publication: 
June 2008
ISSN
  1976-9148
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology, 635-4 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Ku 
Seoul, South Korea.
ABSTRACT
  Scopolamine patch is an effective anticholinergic and antiemetic agent for 
motion sickness in S. Korea. Since this medication is Over The Counter (OTC) 
medication and may cause serious side effects when misused. Therefore, we 
evaluate the safety and efficacy for scopolamine patch in this study. We 
selected and surveyed total 43 patients who purchased scopolamine patch from 
three different pharmacies located at S and C Express Bus terminals and P 
Port at Seoul, Cheongju, and Busan. In the result, 11 patients (8-15 year 
old: 25.6%) were correctly used scopolamine patch with a children dose and 2 
patients were misused. 26 (15-60 year old: 60.4%) and 4 (over 6o year old: 
9.3%) patients were correctly used with a adult dose. 33 patients (69.9%) 
answered that they knew the directions well how to use scopolamine patch 
correctly. Only 24.2% (n=8) patients learned the directions by pharmacist's 
consultation. Most patients (45 frequencies with duplicate counts) had some 
experienced side effects and among those drowsiness is the most common one. 
In conclusion, scopolamine patch as a non-prescription drug (OTC) should be 
monitored by pharmacist with correct drug consultation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  scopolamine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, transdermal drug 
administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  motion sickness (drug therapy, side effect, drug therapy, prevention, side 
effect)
  patient attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  anxiety
  article
  child
  clinical article
  consultation
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug efficacy
  drug hypersensitivity (side effect)
  drug induced headache (side effect)
  drug misuse
  drug safety
  dry eye (side effect)
  dysuria (side effect)
  female
  hearing impairment (side effect)
  human
  male
  mydriasis (side effect)
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  school child
  side effect (side effect)
  South Korea
  walking difficulty (side effect)
  xerostomia (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  scopolamine (138-12-5, 51-34-3, 55-16-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Otorhinolaryngology (11)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009465153
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 695
TITLE
  Interventions in the preoperative clinic for long term smoking cessation: A 
quantitative systematic review
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zaki A.
  Abrishami A.
  Wong J.
  Chung F.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zaki A.; Abrishami A.; Wong J.; Chung F.F., frances.chung@uhn.on.ca) 
Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(Chung F.F., frances.chung@uhn.on.ca) Department of Anesthesia, Toronto 
Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON 
M5T 2S8, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. F. Chung, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University 
of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Email: 
frances.chung@uhn.on.ca
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Anesthesia (2008) 55:SUPPL. 1 (11-21). Date of 
Publication: June 2008
ISSN
  0832-610X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York, 233 Springer Street, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose: To assess the efficacy of interventions offered to patients in the 
preoperative clinic to promote long-term (≥ three months) smoking cessation 
following surgery. Methods: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, 
EMBASE and CINAHL for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on 
smoking-cessation interventions initiated in the preoperative clinic. Trial 
inclusion, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed 
independently by two authors. Standard meta-analytic techniques were 
applied. Results: Four RCTs (n=610 patients) were included in the review. 
Interventions included pharmacotherapy, counseling, educational literature 
and postoperative telephone follow-up. The follow-up period ranged between 
three to 12 months with only one RCT following up patients for τ one year. 
Two studies used biochemical methods to validate subjects' self-reporting of 
smoking cessation at the follow-up assessment. Overall, the interventions 
were associated with a significantly higher cessation rate vs control at the 
three to six month follow-up period (pooled odds ratio: 1.58, 95% confidence 
interval (CI) 1.02-2.45,P value=0.01, 1(2)=0%). The only trial with longer 
follow-up period (12 months), however, failed to show any significant 
difference between the intervention and control groups (odds ratio: 1.05, 
95% CI 0.53-2.09,P value=0.88). Conclusion: This systematic review suggests 
that smoking-cessation interventions initiated at the preoperative clinic 
can increase the odds of abstinence by up to 60% within a three- to 
six-month follow-up period. To evaluate the possibility of longer 
abstinence, future trials with at least one-year follow-up are recommended. 
© 2008 Canadian Anesthesiologists.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  nicotine patch (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  placebo
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  outpatient department
  preoperative care
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  behavior therapy
  clinical assessment
  clinical trial
  data extraction
  human
  meta analysis
  nicotine replacement therapy
  patient assessment
  patient care
  patient counseling
  postoperative period
  priority journal
  quality control
  quantitative analysis
  self report
  systematic review
  telephone
  therapy effect
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2009022449
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03017592
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 696
TITLE
  Methodology of an ongoing, randomized controlled trial to prevent falls 
through enhanced pharmaceutical care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ferreri S.
  Roth M.T.
  Casteel C.
  Demby K.B.
  Blalock S.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ferreri S.) Division of Pharmacy Practice and Experiential Education, 
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel 
Hill, NC, United States.
(Roth M.T.; Blalock S.J., s_blalock@unc.edu) Division of Pharmaceutical 
Outcomes and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at 
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
(Casteel C.; Demby K.B.) University of North Carolina Injury Prevention 
Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 
NC, United States.
(Casteel C.) Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University 
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.J. Blalock, Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, School of 
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 
United States. Email: s_blalock@unc.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal Geriatric Pharmacotherapy (2008) 6:2 (61-81). Date of 
Publication: June 2008
ISSN
  1543-5946
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc., 105 Raider Blvd, Suite 101, Hillsborough, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries 
among adults aged ≥65 years in the United States. Past research suggests 
that individuals taking multiple medications are at increased risk of falls. 
Central nervous system-active drugs in particular have been associated with 
increased risk. Objective: The goal of this research was to describe the 
design of a study evaluating the effectiveness of a community pharmacy-based 
falls prevention program. Also presented are the algorithms used to identify 
high-risk patients based on their prescription profile records and to 
deliver the experimental intervention. Methods: The study is a randomized 
controlled trial. The target population was community-dwelling older adults 
(aged ≥65 years) at high risk for future falls because: (1) they had 
experienced ≥1 fall within the 12-month period preceding study enrollment; 
(2) they were currently using ≥4 chronic prescription medications; and (3) 
they were taking ≥1 of the high-risk medications targeted by the 
intervention. Participants were recruited using pharmacy prescription 
profile records. Individuals in the intervention group received a 
face-to-face medication consultation provided by a community pharmacy 
resident. Identification of drug therapy problems and therapeutic 
recommendations was guided by a series of algorithms developed for this 
study. All participants were followed up for 24 months. The primary study 
end points were: (1) time to first fall; and (2) proportion of participants 
who experienced ≥1 fall during the first year of follow-up. Results: 
Participant enrollment began in September 2005 and was completed in August 
2007. A total of 186 individuals were enrolled in the study (mean [SD] age, 
74.8 [6.9] years; 132 women, 54 men), and 67 have completed the first year 
of follow-up. Conclusions: The study is using a rigorous randomized 
controlled research design, which will enhance the internal validity of its 
findings. Results of the study, which will be reported after the completion 
of follow-up data collection activities, will enable us to assess the 
effects of the intervention on both medication use and the incidence of 
falls. If the intervention is found to be effective, it will provide a 
resource for community pharmacists working with older adults at high risk of 
medication-related falls. © 2008 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone
  anticonvulsive agent
  antidepressant agent
  aripiprazole
  atypical antipsychotic agent
  baclofen
  benzodiazepine derivative
  carbamazepine
  chlorpromazine
  citalopram
  dicycloverine
  digestive tract spasmolytic agent
  digoxin
  disopyramide
  dopamine uptake inhibitor
  duloxetine
  hyoscyamine
  hypnotic sedative agent
  mirtazapine
  monoamine oxidase inhibitor
  mood stabilizer
  muscle relaxant agent
  narcotic analgesic agent
  neuroleptic agent
  serotonin antagonist
  serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor
  serotonin uptake inhibitor
  spasmolytic agent
  tricyclic antidepressant agent
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  falling
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accident prevention
  aged
  algorithm
  article
  clinical trial
  community care
  community living
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  female
  follow up
  geriatric patient
  high risk patient
  high risk population
  human
  incidence
  internal validity
  major clinical study
  male
  multicenter study
  pharmacy
  prescription
  priority journal
  randomized controlled trial
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  aripiprazole (129722-12-9)
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  chlorpromazine (50-53-3, 69-09-0)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  dicycloverine (50815-09-3, 67-92-5, 77-19-0)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  disopyramide (3737-09-5)
  duloxetine (116539-59-4, 136434-34-9)
  hyoscyamine (101-31-5, 306-03-6)
  mirtazapine (61337-67-5)
  muscle relaxant agent (9008-44-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008359364
MEDLINE PMID
  18675765 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675765)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.06.005
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 697
TITLE
  Here's help for pharmacists who are making community presentations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chi J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chi J.)
SOURCE
  Drug Topics (2008) 152:6. Date of Publication: 12 May 2008
ISSN
  0012-6616
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Advanstar Communications, One Park Avenue, New York, United States.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  consumer
  pharmacist
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community program
  drug misuse
  drug safety
  public speaking
  short survey
  social work
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008350166
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 698
TITLE
  Model for medication therapy management in a university clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kliethermes M.A.
  Schullo-Feulner A.M.
  Tilton J.
  Kim S.
  Pellegrino A.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kliethermes M.A., mkliet@midwestern.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 
United States.
(Kliethermes M.A., mkliet@midwestern.edu) Medication Therapy Management 
Clinic, .
(Kliethermes M.A., mkliet@midwestern.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), .
(Schullo-Feulner A.M.) College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 
Minneapolis, MN, United States.
(Schullo-Feulner A.M.) Heart and Vascular Center, Park Nicollet Methodist 
Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
(Schullo-Feulner A.M.; Tilton J.; Pellegrino A.N.) Ambulatory Care Pharmacy, 
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, .
(Kim S.) Department of Pharmacy, Ambulatory Care Pharmacy, .
(Kliethermes M.A., mkliet@midwestern.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers 
Grove, IL 60515, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. A. Kliethermes, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago College of 
Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, 
United States. Email: mkliet@midwestern.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2008) 65:9 (844-856). Date of 
Publication: 1 May 2008
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose. Experience with a referral-based medication therapy management 
(MTM) clinic in a university medical center is described. Summary. The MTM 
clinic's mission is to assist patients who take multiple medications due to 
multiple chronic conditions with the management of their drug therapy to 
improve or maintain their health and prevent or minimize drug-related 
problems. The clinical services provided at the clinic have evolved into a 
comprehensive program providing five distinct service areas: access, 
adherence, coordination of care, medication therapy review, and education. 
During initial visits, patient information is collected, patients are 
interviewed, medications are reconciled, and the pharmacist identifies and 
attempts to solve any immediate drug-related problems and concerns. Routine 
visits are scheduled monthly to coincide with a patient's medication 
refills. On a typical day, a minimum of two MTM pharmacists and one pharmacy 
technician staff the clinic. On two days of the week, three MTM pharmacists 
are available in the clinic. The clinic averages 9-13 scheduled patient 
visits per day. The MTM clinic functions as a subset of the outpatient 
pharmacy and is merged financially in the general operational budget of the 
ambulatory care pharmacy.This model of MTM patient care is intensive and 
comprehensive and is significantly different from the majority of MTM models 
currently provided by Medicare Part D plans. Conclusion. A referral-based 
MTM clinic managed by pharmacists at a university medical center outpatient 
pharmacy provides care to patients with the goal of improving medication 
access, medication adherence, continuity of care, medication therapy 
management, and patient education. Copyright © 2008, American Society of 
Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  patient care
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  act
  ambulatory care
  drug use
  health service
  health status
  human
  medical record
  medicare
  outpatient care
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient referral
  pharmacist
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  review
  university hospital
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008232726
MEDLINE PMID
  18436731 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436731)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070338
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 699
TITLE
  Chronic cocaine but not chronic amphetamine use is associated with 
perseverative responding in humans
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ersche K.D.
  Roiser J.P.
  Robbins T.W.
  Sahakian B.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ersche K.D., ke220@cam.ac.uk) Department of Psychiatry, University of 
Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Ersche K.D., ke220@cam.ac.uk; Roiser J.P.; Robbins T.W.; Sahakian B.J.) 
Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, 
Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Roiser J.P.; Sahakian B.J.) Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical 
Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Robbins T.W.) Department of Experimental Psychology, University of 
Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Roiser J.P.) Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London 
WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. D. Ersche, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, 
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Email: ke220@cam.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Psychopharmacology (2008) 197:3 (421-431). Date of Publication: April 2008
ISSN
  0033-3158
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Rationale: Chronic drug use has been associated with increased impulsivity 
and maladaptive behaviour, but the underlying mechanisms of this impairment 
remain unclear. We investigated the ability to adapt behaviour according to 
changes in reward contingencies, using a probabilistic reversal-learning 
task, in chronic drug users and controls. Materials and methods: Five groups 
were compared: chronic amphetamine users (n = 30); chronic cocaine users (n 
= 27); chronic opiate users (n = 42); former drug users of psychostimulants 
and opiates (n = 26); and healthy non-drug-taking control volunteers (n = 
25). Participants had to make a forced choice between two alternative 
stimuli on each trial to acquire a stimulus-reward association on the basis 
of degraded feedback and subsequently to reverse their responses when the 
reward contingencies changed. Results: Chronic cocaine users demonstrated 
little behavioural change in response to the change in reward contingencies, 
as reflected by perseverative responding to the previously rewarded 
stimulus. Perseverative responding was observed in cocaine users regardless 
of whether they completed the reversal stage successfully. Task performance 
in chronic users of amphetamines and opiates, as well as in former drug 
users, was not measurably impaired. Conclusion: Our findings provide 
convincing evidence for response perseveration in cocaine users during 
probabilistic reversal-learning. Pharmacological differences between 
amphetamine and cocaine, in particular their respective effects on the 5-HT 
system, may account for the divergent task performance between the two 
psychostimulant user groups. The inability to reverse responses according to 
changes in reinforcement contingencies may underlie the maladaptive 
behaviour patterns observed in chronic cocaine users but not in chronic 
users of amphetamines or opiates. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amphetamine
  cocaine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
  psychostimulant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  perseveration
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptive behavior
  adult
  article
  behavior change
  cocaine dependence
  controlled study
  decision making
  drug dependence
  feedback system
  female
  human
  learning
  major clinical study
  male
  priority journal
  reward
  stimulus
  task performance
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008224336
MEDLINE PMID
  18214445 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18214445)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-1051-1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 700
TITLE
  Pharmacokinetics of intravenous levosimendan and its metabolites in subjects 
with hepatic impairment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Puttonen J.
  Kantele S.
  Ruck A.
  Ramela M.
  Häkkinen S.
  Kivikko M.
  Pentikäinen P.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Puttonen J., jaakko.puttonen@quintiles.com) Orion Pharma, Clinical R and D, 
Kuopio, Finland.
(Kantele S.; Kivikko M.)
(Ruck A.)
(Ramela M.; Häkkinen S.) Orion Pharma, Nonclinical R and D, Espoo, Finland.
(Pentikäinen P.J.) Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of 
Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
(Puttonen J., jaakko.puttonen@quintiles.com) Quintiles OY, Espoo, Finland.
(Puttonen J., jaakko.puttonen@quintiles.com) Quintiles OY, Metsänneidonkuja 
10, 02130 Espoo, Finland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Puttonen, Quintiles OY, Espoo, Finland. Email: 
jaakko.puttonen@quintiles.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2008) 48:4 (445-454). Date of Publication: 
April 2008
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Levosimendan is a vasodilator used in the treatment of acute heart failure. 
In the present study, the effect of hepatic impairment on the 
pharmacokinetics of levosimendan and its 2 metabolites, OR-1855 and OR-1896 
(pharmacologically active), was investigated in 12 healthy subjects and 12 
subjects with moderate hepatic impairment due to alcoholic cirrhosis of the 
liver but with no heart failure. In addition, the effect of acetylator 
status on the pharmacokinetics of levosimendan, OR-1855, and OR-1896 was 
evaluated. Safety and tolerability of levosimendan were also assessed. 
Levosimendan was given as an intravenous infusion of 0.1 μg/kg/min for 24 
hours. Levosimendan showed similar C (max), AUC, and elimination half-life 
(t(1/2)), with a mean (±SEM) t(1/2) of 0.9 ± 0.0 hours in healthy subjects 
and 0.8 ± 0.1 hours in hepatically impaired subjects, respectively (not 
significant). The t(1/2) of OR-1855 was 61 ± 5 hours in healthy subjects and 
82 ± 3 hours (P <.01) in subjects with hepatic impairment. The t(1/2) of 
OR-1896 was 62 ± 5 hours and 91 ± 5 hours (P < .01), respectively. However, 
the AUCs of OR-1855 and OR-1896 were similar in healthy volunteers and 
hepatically impaired subjects. The effect of acetylator status was seen as 
higher C(max) and AUC of OR-1855 in slow acetylators. Correspondingly, 
higher C(max) and AUC of OR-1896 were observed in rapid acetylators. 
Levosimendan was well tolerated in both study groups. In conclusion, the 
pharmacokinetics of the parent drug levosimendan was unaltered in subjects 
with moderate hepatic impairment, whereas the elimination of the metabolites 
was prolonged. However, because the maximum duration of levosimendan 
infusion is 24 hours, dosing adjustments of levosimendan may not be required 
in subjects with impaired hepatic function. © 2008 the American College of 
Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  levosimendan (clinical trial, drug concentration, drug dose, drug therapy, 
intravenous drug administration, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  drug metabolite (drug concentration, pharmacokinetics)
  n [4 (1,4,5,6 tetrahydro 4 methyl 6 oxo 3 pyridazinyl)phenyl]acetamide
  or 1855
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  liver injury (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol liver cirrhosis
  area under the curve
  article
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  controlled study
  dose response
  drug blood level
  drug effect
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug protein binding
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
  heart failure
  human
  phase 1 clinical trial
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  or 1855
  or 1896
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  levosimendan (141505-33-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008131647
MEDLINE PMID
  18303124 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18303124)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270007313390
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 701
TITLE
  Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the concomitant administration 
of methadone and TMC125 in HIV-negative volunteers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schöller-Gyüre M.
  Van Den Brink W.
  Kakuda T.N.
  Woodfall B.
  De Smedt G.
  Vanaken H.
  Stevens T.
  Peeters M.
  Vandermeulen K.
  Hoetelmans R.M.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schöller-Gyüre M., mscholle@tibbe.jnj.com; Woodfall B.; De Smedt G.; 
Vanaken H.; Stevens T.; Peeters M.; Vandermeulen K.; Hoetelmans R.M.W.) 
Tibotec BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium.
(Van Den Brink W.) Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, 
University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
(Kakuda T.N.) Tibotec, Inc., Yardley, PA, United States.
(Schöller-Gyüre M., mscholle@tibbe.jnj.com) Tibotec BVBA, Generaal De 
Wittelaan L11B 3, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Schöller-Gyüre, Tibotec BVBA, Generaal De Wittelaan L11B 3, B-2800 
Mechelen, Belgium. Email: mscholle@tibbe.jnj.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2008) 48:3 (322-329). Date of Publication: 
March 2008
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  TMC125 is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with 
potent in vitro activity against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1. TMC125 
is an inducer of CYP3A and an inhibitor of CYP2C. This trial evaluated the 
effect of TMC125 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone. 
In an open-label, add-on, 1-way interaction trial, 16 male HIV-negative 
volunteers on stable methadone maintenance therapy received 100 mg TMC125 
bid for 14 days. Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of R- 
and S-methadone isomers were determined on days -1, 7, and 14 and of TMC125 
on days 7 and 14. Safety and tolerability were assessed. The LSmeans ratios 
(90% confidence interval) for AUC(24h), C(max), and C(min) of the 
pharmacologically active R-methadone were 1.08 (1.02-1.13), 1.03 
(0.97-1.09), and 1.12 (1.05-1.19), respectively, on day 7 and 1.06 
(0.99-1.13), 1.02 (0.96-1.09), and 1.10 (1.02-1.19), respectively, on day 14 
compared with methadone alone. No withdrawal symptoms were observed; dose 
adjustment of methadone was not required. The concomitant administration of 
TMC125 and methadone was generally safe and well tolerated. TMC125 has no 
clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of 
methadone. No dose adjustment for methadone is anticipated when 
coadministered with TMC125. © 2008 the American College of Clinical 
Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  etravirine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
concentration, drug interaction, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
concentration, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, 
pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  area under the curve
  article
  central nervous system disease (side effect)
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  confidence interval
  constipation (side effect)
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  drug blood level
  drug determination
  drug effect
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
  electrocardiogram
  headache (side effect)
  heart muscle conduction disturbance (side effect)
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection
  isomer
  laboratory test
  maintenance therapy
  male
  maximum plasma concentration
  mental disease (side effect)
  methadone treatment
  nausea (side effect)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
  papular rash (side effect)
  pharmacological parameters
  physical examination
  QT interval
  side effect (side effect)
  vital sign
  withdrawal syndrome
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  symoron
  tmc 125
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  etravirine (269055-15-4)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008085143
MEDLINE PMID
  18195053 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195053)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270007310387
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 702
TITLE
  Acute risk of drug-related death among newly released prisoners in England 
and Wales
AUTHOR NAMES
  Farrell M.
  Marsden J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Farrell M., m.farrell@iop.kcl.ac.uk) Box 48, Addiction Sciences Building, 
4, Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
(Farrell M., m.farrell@iop.kcl.ac.uk; Marsden J.) Division of Psychological 
Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 
United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Farrell, Box 48, Addiction Sciences Building, 4, Windsor Walk, London SE5 
8AF, United Kingdom. Email: m.farrell@iop.kcl.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Addiction (2008) 103:2 (251-255). Date of Publication: February 2008
ISSN
  0965-2140
  1360-0443 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Aims: To investigate drug-related deaths among newly released prisoners in 
England and Wales. Design: Database linkage study. Participants: National 
sample of 48 771 male and female sentenced prisoners released during 
1998-2000 with all recorded deaths included to November 2003. Findings: 
There were 442 recorded deaths, of which 261 (59%) were drug-related. In the 
year following index release, the drug-related mortality rate was 5.2 per 
1000 among men and 5.9 per 1000 among women. All-cause mortality in the 
first and second weeks following release for men was 37 and 26 deaths per 
1000 per annum, respectively (95% of which were drug-related). There were 47 
and 38 deaths per 1000 per annum, respectively, among women, all of which 
were drug-related. In the first year after prison release, there were 342 
male deaths (45.8 were expected in the general population) and there were 
100 female deaths (8.3 expected in the general population). Drug-related 
deaths were attributed mainly to substance use disorders and drug overdose. 
Coronial records cited the involvement of opioids in 95% of deaths, 
benzodiazepines in 20%, cocaine in 14% and tricyclic antidepressants in 10%. 
Drug-related deaths among men were more likely to involve heroin and deaths 
among women were more likely to involve benzodiazepines, cocaine and 
tricyclic antidepressants. Conclusions: Newly released male and female 
prisoners are at acute risk of drug-related death. Appropriate prevention 
measures include overdose awareness education, opioid maintenance 
pharmacotherapy, planned referral to community-based treatment services and 
a community overdose-response using opioid antagonists. © 2007 The Authors.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
  cocaine
  diamorphine
  opiate derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug overdose
  mortality
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cause of death
  coroner
  female
  forensic psychiatry
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  prisoner
  risk factor
  sex ratio
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008024592
MEDLINE PMID
  18199304 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199304)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02081.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 703
TITLE
  Drug samples should be replaced by vouchers to reduce drug diversion; 
chemistry courses are critical to the education of pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lamberti J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lamberti J., josephlamberti@sbcglobal.net)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Lamberti, Prospect, CT, United States. Email: 
josephlamberti@sbcglobal.net
SOURCE
  Drug Topics (2008) 152:2. Date of Publication: 28 Jan 2008
ISSN
  0012-6616
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Advanstar Communications, One Park Avenue, New York, United States.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acamprosate
  amfebutamone
  buprenorphine
  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor
  mevinolin
  naltrexone
  non prescription drug
  varenicline
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  follow up
  food and drug administration
  human
  letter
  liver function test
  pharmacy student
  prescription
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  campral
  chantix
  lovastatin  Merck

  revia  vivitrol

  subutex  suboxone

  zyban
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Merck
  suboxone
  vivitrol
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acamprosate (77337-73-6)
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  mevinolin (75330-75-5)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  varenicline (249296-44-4, 375815-87-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008117422
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 704
TITLE
  Review of rational approaches to the treatment of pain management - Role for 
opioids therapies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Modi P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Modi P., Pankajmodi@aol.com) Innovatech Rx., 519 Golf Links Road, Ancaster, 
ON L9G 4X6, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Modi, Innovatech Rx., 519 Golf Links Road, Ancaster, ON L9G 4X6, Canada. 
Email: Pankajmodi@aol.com
SOURCE
  Current Drug Therapy (2008) 3:1 (33-43). Date of Publication: January 2008
ISSN
  1574-8855
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Bentham Science Publishers B.V., P.O. Box 294, Bussum, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Opioids remain an important cornerstone and the most effective mainstay 
analgesies for acute and terminal cancer pain treatments. Effective 
analgesia is obtained in the majority of cancer pain patients with the 
application of fairly straightforward rational treatment algorithms using 
opioids as the main therapy. A major barrier to be overcome, however, is 
that chronic pain is often not viewed as a physical illness worthy of 
treatment. Many studies demonstrating that specific changes occur in the 
peripheral and central nervous systems of patients with chronic pain provide 
the rationale for changing the approaches to chronic pain management and 
instituting more aggressive and comprehensive treatment. This review 
describes the role of opioids in the treatment of cancer pain, including a 
brief overview of cancer pain syndromes, essential aspects of opioid 
therapy, opioid pharmacology, opioid rotation, properties of the individual 
opioids, and management of common side effects of opioids. As understanding 
ofthe pharmacology of this class of drugs becomes more sophisticated, 
clinicians may anticipate dosage-limiting adverse effects and variations in 
individual response. © 2008 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic analgesic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug 
comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, intramuscular drug administration, 
intrathecal drug administration, intravenous drug administration, oral drug 
administration, pharmaceutics, subcutaneous drug administration, transdermal 
drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  acetylsalicylic acid plus oxycodone plus oxycodone terephthalate
  analgesic agent (drug combination, drug therapy)
  antiemetic agent (drug therapy)
  antihistaminic agent (drug therapy)
  buprenorphine (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  buprenorphine plus naloxone
  codeine (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration)
  dextropropoxyphene (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug dose, drug 
therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  dextropropoxyphene plus paracetamol (drug therapy)
  fentanyl (adverse drug reaction, buccal drug administration, drug 
comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, intravenous drug administration, oral 
drug administration, parenteral drug administration, pharmaceutics, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, transdermal drug administration)
  fentanyl citrate
  fentanyl citrate
  fluoxetine (drug interaction)
  hydrocodone (drug combination, drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol (drug therapy)
  hydromorphone (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
intravenous drug administration, oral drug administration, parenteral drug 
administration, rectal drug administration, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
  levorphanol (drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
parenteral drug administration, pharmacokinetics)
  long acting drug (drug therapy)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, 
oral drug administration, parenteral drug administration, pharmaceutics, 
pharmacokinetics)
  morphine (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug comparison, drug 
therapy, oral drug administration, parenteral drug administration, 
pharmaceutics)
  morphine sulfate (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  opiate agonist (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  opiate antagonist (drug therapy)
  oxy contin
  oxycodone (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmaceutics)
  oxymorphone
  oxymorphone
  oxymorphone (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics)
  paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug therapy)
  pentazocine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  pethidine (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug comparison, drug 
dose, drug therapy, intramuscular drug administration, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  sertraline (drug interaction)
  short acting drug (drug therapy)
  tramadol (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  tylenol 3
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pain (side effect, drug therapy, side effect)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  agitation
  analgesic activity
  breathing
  cancer pain (drug therapy)
  cardiotoxicity (side effect)
  chronic pain (drug therapy)
  clinical effectiveness
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  confusion (side effect)
  constipation (drug therapy, side effect)
  continuous infusion
  cyanosis (side effect)
  delirium (side effect)
  depression (side effect)
  disease severity
  dizziness (side effect)
  dose response
  drug abuse
  drug accumulation
  drug bioavailability
  drug choice
  drug contraindication
  drug dependence
  drug dosage form comparison
  drug dose escalation
  drug dose increase
  drug dose reduction
  drug dose titration
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug hypersensitivity (side effect)
  drug metabolism
  drug monitoring
  drug potency
  drug receptor binding
  drug safety
  drug substitution
  drug tolerability
  drug tolerance
  drug withdrawal
  euphoria
  first pass effect
  hallucination (side effect)
  heart arrhythmia (side effect)
  histamine release
  human
  hydrocortisone blood level
  hyperalgesia (side effect)
  hypotension (side effect)
  immune deficiency (side effect)
  immunomodulation
  irritability
  liver failure (side effect)
  long term care
  myoclonus (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  nausea and vomiting (drug therapy, side effect)
  nociception
  opiate addiction
  pain assessment
  patient compliance
  patient controlled analgesia
  priority journal
  pruritus (drug therapy, side effect)
  recommended drug dose
  repeated drug dose
  respiration depression (side effect)
  respiratory arrest (side effect)
  review
  sedation
  seizure (side effect)
  serotonin syndrome (side effect)
  side effect (side effect)
  sustained release preparation
  tremor (side effect)
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  virus load
  vomiting (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  actiq
  aspirin
  avinza
  darvocet
  darvon
  dilaudid
  dolophine
  duragesic
  fentora
  kadian
  levo dromoran
  lorcet
  ms contin
  opana er
  opana
  oxy contin
  palladone
  percodan
  suboxone
  subutex
  tramal
  tylenol 3
  vicodin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  dextropropoxyphene plus paracetamol (39400-85-6)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  fentanyl citrate (990-73-8)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  levorphanol (125-72-4, 77-07-6)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  oxymorphone (357-07-3, 76-41-5)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  pentazocine (359-83-1, 64024-15-3)
  percodan (64336-56-7)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008072017
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488508783331199
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 705
TITLE
  Effectiveness of a medication reconciliation project conducted by PharmD 
students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lubowski T.J.
  Cronin L.M.
  Pavelka R.W.
  Briscoe-Dwyer L.A.
  Briceland L.L.
  Hamilton R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lubowski T.J., lubowskt@acp.edu; Briceland L.L.; Hamilton R.A.) Albany 
College of Pharmacy, United States.
(Cronin L.M.) Bassett Hospital of Schoharie County, Cobleskill, NY, United 
States.
(Pavelka R.W.) O'Connor Hospital, Delhi, NY, United States.
(Briscoe-Dwyer L.A.) Bassett Healthcare Cooperstown, New York, NY, United 
States.
(Lubowski T.J., lubowskt@acp.edu) Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 New 
Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.J. Lubowski, Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 
12208, United States. Email: lubowskt@acp.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2007) 71:5 Article Number: 94. 
Date of Publication: 2007
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a medication 
reconciliation program conducted by doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students 
during an advanced pharmacy practice experience. Methods. Patients admitted 
to medicine or surgery units at 3 hospitals were included. Students were 
instructed to interview each patient to obtain a medication history, 
reconcile this list with the medical chart, and identify and solve 
drug-related problems. Results. Eleven students reconciled medications for 
330 patients over 10 months and identified 922 discrepancies. The median 
number of discrepancies found per patient was 2, and no discrepancies were 
found in 25% of the cases. In cases in which discrepancies were identified, 
a greater number of medications had been prescribed for the patient (7.9 ± 
4.0 medications compared to 5.4 ± 3.9 medications; p < 0.05). The students 
completed 59 interventions. Differences were found in the numbers of 
discrepancies and drug-related problems that different students at different 
sites identified (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Pharmacy students provided a 
valuable service to 3 community hospitals. The students improved the quality 
of patient care by identifying and solving significant drug-related 
problems, identifying drug allergy information, and resolving home and 
admission medication discrepancies.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health program
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  community hospital
  drug hypersensitivity
  health care quality
  health service
  hospital admission
  hospital department
  human
  medical practice
  medical record
  medical student
  patient care
  patient identification
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007557675
MEDLINE PMID
  17998991 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17998991)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 706
TITLE
  Prescription procedures in medication for relapse prevention after inpatient 
treatment for alcohol use disorders in Switzerland
AUTHOR NAMES
  Buri C.
  Moggi F.
  Giovanoli A.
  Strik W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Buri C.; Moggi F., moggi@puk.unibe.ch; Giovanoli A.; Strik W.) University 
Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. Moggi, University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 
Bern 60, Switzerland. Email: moggi@puk.unibe.ch
SOURCE
  Alcohol and Alcoholism (2007) 42:4 (333-339). Date of Publication: 2007
ISSN
  0735-0414
  1464-3502 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Aims: In randomized controlled trials with high internal validity, 
pharmacotherapy using acamprosate, naltrexone, and, to a somewhat lesser 
extent, disulfiram has proved effective in preventing relapse in patients 
with alcohol use disorders (AUD). There remains, however, a paucity of 
studies with sufficient external validity in which the effectiveness of 
pharmacotherapy in clinical practice is investigated. This study aimed to 
make a contribution to close this gap in research. Methods: In this 
naturalistic, prospective study, a comparison on indices of substance use, 
psychiatric symptoms, and treatment service utilization was carried out 
using samples of 92 patients who received pharmacotherapy and 323 patients 
who did not receive pharmacotherapy following discharge from 12 residential 
AUD programmes (index stay). Results: Patients that received pharmacotherapy 
were more likely to use alcohol during the index stay and at the 1-year 
follow-up. Moreover, this patient group more readily utilized treatment 
services during a 2-year period prior to and a 1-year period following index 
stay than patients who were not given pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless, when 
pharmacotherapy was prescribed before first post-treatment alcohol use, it 
was associated with delay of alcohol use, fewer relapses, and a redued need 
for inpatient teatment. In many cases, however, medication was not 
prescribed until alcohol use and relapse had occurred. The length of time to 
first alcohol use was longer, and the cumulative abstinence rate higher, for 
disulfiram than for acamprosate, the latter being generally prescribed for 
more severely alcohol-dependent patients. Conclusions: There is a need for 
further studies to probe the reasons why medication for relapse prevention 
is not prescribed upon discharge from residential treatment and for less 
severely alcohol-dependent patients. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford 
University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acamprosate (clinical trial, drug comparison, drug therapy)
  disulfiram (clinical trial, drug comparison, drug therapy)
  naltrexone (clinical trial, drug comparison, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol abuse
  alcoholism (drug therapy, prevention)
  relapse (drug therapy, prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  alcohol abstinence
  alcohol consumption
  article
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  disease severity
  female
  follow up
  health care utilization
  hospital care
  hospital discharge
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  mental disease
  prescription
  priority journal
  prospective study
  residential care
  Switzerland
  time
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acamprosate (77337-73-6)
  disulfiram (97-77-8)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008000562
MEDLINE PMID
  17517820 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17517820)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm038
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 707
TITLE
  Evaluation of a train-the-trainer program for cultural competence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Assemi M.
  Mutha S.
  Hudmon K.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Assemi M., assemim@pharmacy.ucsf.edu; Hudmon K.S.) School of Pharmacy, 
University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Mutha S.) Department of Medicine, Center for the Health Professions, 
University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Hudmon K.S.) Purdue University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, United States.
(Assemi M., assemim@pharmacy.ucsf.edu) UCSF Fresno Pharmacy Education 
Program, 155 N. Fresno Street, Fresno, CA 93701, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Assemi, UCSF Fresno Pharmacy Education Program, 155 N. Fresno Street, 
Fresno, CA 93701, United States. Email: assemim@pharmacy.ucsf.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2007) 71:6 Article Number: 
110. Date of Publication: 2007
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives. To develop, implement, and evaluate the impact of a cultural 
competence train-the-trainer workshop for pharmacy educators. Methods. A 
2-day train-the-trainer workshop entitled Incorporating Cultural Competency 
in Pharmacy Education (1.65 CEUs) was provided to pharmacy faculty from 
schools across the United States. Baseline, posttraining, and 9-month 
follow-up surveys assessed participants' (n = 50) characteristics and 
self-efficacy in developing and teaching content. Results. At baseline, 94% 
of faculty members reported no formal training in teaching cultural 
competence. After completing the workshop, participants' self-rated 
confidence for developing and teaching workshop content significantly 
increased. The number of participants who rated their ability to teach 
cultural competence as "very good" or "excellent" increased from 13% to 60% 
posttraining. Participants reported teaching 1 or more aspects of the 
workshop curriculum to nearly 3,000 students in the 9-months following 
training. Conclusions. The workshop significantly increased faculty members' 
perceived and documented ability to teach cultural competence. The 
train-the-trainer model appears to be a viable and promising strategy for 
meeting the American Council for Pharmacy Education accreditation standards 
relating to the teaching of diversity, cultural issues, and health literacy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education program
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical pharmacy
  curriculum development
  female
  health program
  human
  male
  pharmacy student
  smoking
  tobacco dependence
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007605547
MEDLINE PMID
  19503694 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19503694)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 708
TITLE
  Morphine-induced place preference: Interactions with neurotransmitter 
systems
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zarrindast M.R.
  Rezayof A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zarrindast M.R., zarinmr@ams.as.ir) Department of Pharmacology, School of 
Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Zarrindast M.R., zarinmr@ams.as.ir) Institute for Studies in Theoretical 
Physics and Mathematics, School of Cognitive Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(Zarrindast M.R., zarinmr@ams.as.ir) Institute for Cognitive Science 
Studies, Tehran, Iran.
(Rezayof A.) School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University 
of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.R. Zarrindast, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran 
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: zarinmr@ams.as.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2007) 6:1 (3-15). Date of 
Publication: Winter 2007
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, 
Iran.
ABSTRACT
  This review gives an overview of our recent findings and developments in 
research on brain mechanisms of morphine reward from studies using the place 
preference conditioning paradigm. Intracranial place conditioning 
methodology has become a valuable and firmly established and very widely 
used tool in behavioural pharmacology and drug reward mechanisms. Several 
studies have established that morphine induces a conditioned preference for 
the place in which it has been administered in rats. Transmitter systems 
that have been investigated with respect to their involvement in morphine 
reward mechanisms include dopamine, GABA, acetylcholine, adrenalin and 
nitric oxide, the motivational significance of which has been examined 
either directly, by using respective agonist or antagonist drugs. Although, 
considerable evidence suggested that the mesocorticolimbic DA system, which 
originates in the VTA and projects to the Nac, various limbic and cortical 
areas is a major neural substrate of the rewarding effects produced by 
morphine, but the role of other brain sites such as hippocampus and amygdala 
also exist. Overall, our intracranial place conditioning studies showed that 
there are a number of receptors, neuronal pathways and discrete central 
nervous system sites involved in the morphine reward mechanisms. Copyright © 
2007 by School of Pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine (drug toxicity)
  neurotransmitter (endogenous compound)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2,3,4,5 tetrahydro 7,8 dihydroxy 1 phenyl 1h 3 benzazepine
  4 aminobutyric acid (endogenous compound)
  4 aminobutyric acid A receptor (endogenous compound)
  4 aminobutyric acid B receptor (endogenous compound)
  4 aminobutyric acid C receptor (endogenous compound)
  8 chloro 2,3,4,5 tetrahydro 3 methyl 5 phenyl 1h 3 benzazepin 7 ol hydrogen 
maleate
  acetylcholine (endogenous compound)
  adrenalin (endogenous compound)
  arginine
  baclofen
  bicuculline
  clonidine
  dopamine (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 1 receptor (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 2 receptor (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 3 receptor (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 4 receptor (endogenous compound)
  dopamine 5 receptor (endogenous compound)
  enkephalin[2 dextro alanine 4 methylphenylalanine 5 glycine]
  kappa opiate receptor agonist
  muscimol
  n(g) nitroarginine methyl ester
  nitric oxide (endogenous compound)
  opiate receptor (endogenous compound)
  physostigmine
  quinpirole
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate addiction
  place preference
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  amygdaloid nucleus
  aversive behavior
  brain cortex
  central nervous system
  conditioning
  dopaminergic system
  drug dependence
  drug tolerance
  hippocampus
  human
  inhibition kinetics
  limbic system
  medical research
  methodology
  motivation
  nonhuman
  nucleus accumbens
  psychological aspect
  receptor upregulation
  reinforcement
  review
  reward
  ventral tegmentum
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  2,3,4,5 tetrahydro 7,8 dihydroxy 1 phenyl 1h 3 benzazepine (67287-49-4)
  4 aminobutyric acid (28805-76-7, 56-12-2)
  8 chloro 2,3,4,5 tetrahydro 3 methyl 5 phenyl 1h 3 benzazepin 7 ol hydrogen 
maleate (87134-87-0)
  acetylcholine (51-84-3, 60-31-1, 66-23-9)
  adrenalin (51-43-4, 55-31-2, 6912-68-1)
  arginine (1119-34-2, 15595-35-4, 7004-12-8, 74-79-3)
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
  bicuculline (485-49-4)
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  dopamine (51-61-6, 62-31-7)
  dopamine 4 receptor (137750-34-6)
  enkephalin[2 dextro alanine 4 methylphenylalanine 5 glycine] (78123-71-4)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  muscimol (2763-96-4)
  n(g) nitroarginine methyl ester (50903-99-6)
  nitric oxide (10102-43-9)
  physostigmine (57-47-6, 64-47-1)
  quinpirole (73625-62-4, 80373-22-4, 85760-75-4, 85798-08-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008244243
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 709
TITLE
  Medication overuse headache: Clinical features, pathogenesis and management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Couch J.R.
  Lenaerts M.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Couch J.R., james-couch@ouhsc.edu; Lenaerts M.E.) Oklahoma University 
Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
(Couch J.R., james-couch@ouhsc.edu) Department of Neurology, Headache 
Section, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, 711, Stanton L. Young 
Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.R. Couch, Department of Neurology, Headache Section, Oklahoma University 
Health Sciences Center, 711, Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, 
United States. Email: james-couch@ouhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Drug Development Research (2007) 68:7 (449-460). Date of Publication: 
December 2007
ISSN
  0272-4391
  1098-2299 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Wiley-Liss Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, United States.
ABSTRACT
  (Table Presented) Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a problem that is 
estimated to occur in up to 1% of the population. It is a common feature 
underlying chronic headache, especially chronic migraine. MOH represents a 
major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Many patients are referred to 
headache specialty clinics, where they can represent the majority of 
patients. The syndrome remains underdiagnosed and the role of symptomatic 
medication overuse in producing MOH is often underestimated. With proper 
education of medical providers, prevention of this too often intractable 
syndrome could be improved. The basis of therapy is discontinuance of the 
abused medication. Additional treatment relies on a multifaceted approach 
that embraces proper use of symptomatic pain medications and management of 
psychiatric comorbidities and also emphasizes patient education. Various 
pharmacological regimens, both abortive and prophylactic, are available. 
Further scientific study is warranted to elucidate the ultimate mechanisms 
of this syndrome and define more effective treatments. This article gives 
detailed clinical description, tentative pathophysiological explanation, and 
therapeutic suggestions. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antimigraine agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (adverse drug reaction)
  analgesic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  barbituric acid derivative (adverse drug reaction)
  butalbital (adverse drug reaction)
  butorphanol (adverse drug reaction)
  codeine (adverse drug reaction)
  dextropropoxyphene (adverse drug reaction)
  dihydroergocornine (drug therapy, subcutaneous drug administration)
  dihydroergotamine (adverse drug reaction)
  doxepin (drug therapy)
  ergotamine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  ergotamine derivative (adverse drug reaction)
  excedrin (adverse drug reaction)
  hydrocodone (adverse drug reaction)
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug 
therapy)
  isometheptene (adverse drug reaction)
  meclofenamic acid (drug therapy)
  metoclopramide (drug therapy)
  morphine sulfate (adverse drug reaction)
  nalbuphine (adverse drug reaction)
  narcotic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  opiate derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  oxycodone (adverse drug reaction)
  paracetamol (adverse drug reaction)
  pethidine (adverse drug reaction)
  tramadol (adverse drug reaction)
  triptan derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  drug induced headache (side effect, diagnosis, drug therapy, epidemiology, 
etiology, side effect)
  migraine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  comorbidity
  drug withdrawal
  human
  medical education
  mental disease
  pathogenesis
  patient education
  prophylaxis
  review
  syndrome delineation
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  excedrin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  butalbital (51005-25-5, 77-26-9)
  butorphanol (42408-82-2)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  dihydroergocornine (25447-65-8)
  dihydroergotamine (511-12-6)
  doxepin (1229-29-4, 1668-19-5)
  ergotamine (113-15-5, 52949-35-6)
  excedrin (53908-21-7, 83535-74-4)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  isometheptene (503-01-5)
  meclofenamic acid (644-62-2)
  metoclopramide (12707-59-4, 2576-84-3, 364-62-5, 7232-21-5)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  nalbuphine (20594-83-6, 23277-43-2)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008062930
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20214
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 710
TITLE
  Evaluation of a train-the-trainer program for tobacco cessation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Corelli R.L.
  Fenlon C.M.
  Kroon L.A.
  Prokhorov A.V.
  Hudmon K.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Corelli R.L., corellir@pharmacy.ucsf.edu; Kroon L.A.; Hudmon K.S.) School 
of Pharmacy, University of California-San Francisco, United States.
(Fenlon C.M.; Hudmon K.S.) Purdue University School of Pharmacy and 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, United States.
(Prokhorov A.V.) University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, United 
States.
(Corelli R.L., corellir@pharmacy.ucsf.edu) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnassus 
Avenue C-152, San Francisco, CA 94143-0622, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.L. Corelli, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 
University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue C-152, San 
Francisco, CA 94143-0622, United States. Email: corellir@pharmacy.ucsf.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (2007) 71:6 Article Number: 
109. Date of Publication: 2007
ISSN
  0002-9459
  1553-6467 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1426 Prince Street, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives. To assess pharmacy faculty members' perceptions of the Rx for 
Change tobacco cessation program materials and train-the-trainer program. 
Methods. Pharmacy faculty members attended a 14.5 hour train-the-trainer 
program conducted over 3 days. Posttraining survey instruments assessed 
participants' (n = 188) characteristics and factors hypothesized to be 
associated with program adoption. Results. Prior to the training, 49.5% of 
the faculty members had received no formal training for treating tobacco use 
and dependence, and 46.3% had never taught students how to treat tobacco use 
and dependence. Participants' self-rated abilities to teach tobacco 
cessation increased posttraining (p < 0.001). The curriculum materials were 
viewed as either moderately (43.9%) or highly (54.0%) compatible for 
integration into existing curricula, and 68.3% reported they were "highly 
likely" to implement the program in the upcoming year. Conclusions. 
Participation in a national train-the-trainer program significantly 
increased faculty members' perceived ability to teach tobacco-related 
content to pharmacy students, and the majority of participants indicated a 
high likelihood of adopting the Rx for Change program at their school. The 
train-the-trainer model appears to be a viable and promising strategy for 
promoting adoption of curricular innovations on a national scale.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cultural competence
  education program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical education
  course content
  cultural factor
  curriculum development
  female
  human
  male
  medical school
  teaching
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007605549
MEDLINE PMID
  19503693 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19503693)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 711
TITLE
  Personal drug selection: problem-based learning in pharmacology: experience 
from a medical school in Nepal.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shankar P.R.
  Palaian S.
  Gyawali S.
  Mishra P.
  Mohan L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shankar P.R.; Palaian S.; Gyawali S.; Mishra P.; Mohan L.) Department of 
Pharmacology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.R. Shankar, Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Medical 
Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Email: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
SOURCE
  PloS one (2007) 2:6 (e524). Date of Publication: 2007
ISSN
  1932-6203 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: At the Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal, 
Pharmacology is taught during the first four semesters of the undergraduate 
medical course. Personal or P-drug selection is an important exercise. The 
present study was carried out to obtain student opinion about the P-drug 
learning sessions, the assessment examinations, and on the small group 
dynamics. METHOD: The practical sessions on P-drug selection are carried out 
in small groups. Student feedback about the session was obtained using focus 
group discussions. The focus groups were selected to represent both genders 
and the three main nationalities, Nepalese, Indians, and Sri Lankans. There 
were four Nepalese, five Indians, and three Sri Lankans. Within each 
nationality and gender category the students were randomly selected. The 
respondents were explained the objectives of the study and were invited to 
participate. Written informed consent was obtained. The discussion lasted 
around two hours and was conducted in the afternoon in two groups of six 
students each. The first author (PRS) acted as a facilitator. The responses 
were recorded and analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: The overall student 
opinion was positive. Around 25% (3 respondents) of respondents were 
confused about whether P-drugs were for a disease or a patient. Group 
consensus was commonly used to give numerical values for the different 
criteria. The large number of brands created problems in calculating cost. 
The students wanted more time for the exercise in the examination. Formative 
assessment during the learning sessions may be considered. The group members 
usually got along well. Absenteeism was a problem and not all members put in 
their full effort. The physical working environment should be improved. 
CONCLUSIONS: Based on what the students say, the sessions on P-drugs should 
be continued and strengthened. Modifications in the sessions are required. 
Sessions during the clinical years and internship training can be 
considered.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  drug screening
  medical education
  medical student
  problem based learning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  education
  female
  human
  male
  medical school
  methodology
  Nepal
  psychological aspect
  standard
  teaching
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17565377 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17565377)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 712
TITLE
  Factors that influence under-reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions 
among community pharmacists in a Spanish region
AUTHOR NAMES
  Irujo M.
  Beitia G.
  Bes-Rastrollo M.
  Figueiras A.
  Hernández-Díaz S.
  Lasheras B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Irujo M.; Beitia G.; Lasheras B., lasheras@unav.es) Department of Pharmacy 
Practice, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
(Bes-Rastrollo M.) Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 
University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
(Figueiras A.) Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 
University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
(Hernández-Díaz S.) Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public 
Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.
(Lasheras B., lasheras@unav.es) Unidad Docente de Farmacia Práctica, 
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea no 1, 31008, 
Pamplona (Navarra), Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Lasheras, Unidad Docente de Farmacia Práctica, Facultad de Farmacia, 
Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea no 1, 31008, Pamplona (Navarra), Spain. 
Email: lasheras@unav.es
SOURCE
  Drug Safety (2007) 30:11 (1073-1082). Date of Publication: 2007
ISSN
  0114-5916
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Adis International Ltd, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, 
Auckland 10, New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
  Background: The spontaneous reporting system is the most efficient warning 
system of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pharmacists can play an important 
role in the detection and reporting of ADRs. The factors that affect 
under-reporting among these professionals are unknown in Spain. Objective: 
To identify the factors that influence community pharmacists' ADR 
under-reporting in Navarra, a Northern Spanish region. Methods: A 
case-control study was conducted on a population of 802 community 
pharmacists working in Navarra. Cases were pharmacists who had reported at 
least two ADRs to the region's drug surveillance unit between 2003 and 2005 
and who agreed to participate in the study (18/20; 90%). A random sample of 
60 controls was selected from the 762 pharmacists who had not reported any 
ADR during the same period of time. Results: Factors positively associated 
with ADR reporting were age, years of work experience as a pharmacist, 
participation in educational activities related to the detection and 
resolution of drug-related problems, the habit of detecting ADRs as part of 
pharmacists' duties, having the basic knowledge needed to report ADRs, and 
disagreement with the common belief among healthcare professionals that 'to 
report an ADR it is necessary to be sure that the reaction is related to the 
use of a particular drug'. The most frequently mentioned reasons for not 
reporting ADRs were the ADR is not serious, the ADR is already known, 
uncertainty concerning the causal relationship between the ADR and the drug, 
forgetting to report the ADR and a lack of time. Conclusions: Pharmacists' 
knowledge, beliefs, behaviour and motivation play an important role in ADR 
reporting. Under-reporting might be improved through activities focused on 
modifying such factors. © 2007 Adis Data Information BV. All rights 
reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug safety
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  case control study
  controlled study
  data analysis
  data collection method
  disease association
  drug surveillance program
  female
  health care personnel
  human
  human experiment
  male
  patient participation
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  random sample
  Spain
  statistical analysis
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007532422
MEDLINE PMID
  17973543 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17973543)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 713
TITLE
  Assessment of knowledge and attitude changes in young adolescents following 
a school-based crystal methamphetamine education program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Warburton L.
  Callfas D.
  Neubauer S.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Warburton L., lcm708@mail.usask.ca; Callfas D.; Neubauer S.L.) College of 
Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., 
Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Warburton, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 
Saskatoon, Sask., Canada. Email: lcm708@mail.usask.ca
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmacists Journal (2007) 140:6 (366-375). Date of Publication: 
November/December 2007
ISSN
  1715-1635
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Pharmacists Association, 1785 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, Canada.
ABSTRACT
  Concerns surrounding the production and use of crystal methamphetamine have 
prompted tighter regulation of its precursors, such as ephedrine and 
pseudoephedrine. While supply-side initiatives may decrease availability and 
use, the literature indicates that their impact is transient due to the 
ingenuity and adaptability of those producing crystal methamphetamine. A 
more comprehensive strategy that focuses not only on limiting supply but 
also on decreasing demand through treatment and prevention programs is 
essential. In January 2005, the College of Pharmacy and Nutrition at the 
University of Saskatchewan facilitated the development of a methamphetamine 
educational pilot project through its Structured Practical Experiences 
Program. The program was piloted in a grade 7 class in a community school in 
March 2005. It was evaluated through use of pre- and post-test knowledge and 
attitude surveys. Interactive learning was achieved by using Personal 
Response System technology. Deficiencies in methamphetamine knowledge were 
apparent in the youth population and, to a smaller degree, in the parent 
population. A substantial knowledge gain in some outcome measures was 
achieved by the youth. Pharmacist collaboration with individuals specialized 
in the social determinants of drug use may elicit a more positive effect on 
attitudes.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ephedrine
  methamphetamine
  pseudoephedrine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  article
  behavior therapy
  Canada
  controlled study
  drug dependence
  drug use
  health care delivery
  health hazard
  health program
  health survey
  human
  knowledge management
  learning
  life satisfaction
  outcome assessment
  pharmacist
  psychosocial care
  questionnaire
  risk assessment
  school child
  student attitude
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  ephedrine (299-42-3, 50-98-6)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
  pseudoephedrine (345-78-8, 7460-12-0, 90-82-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007609024
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.3821/1913-701X(2007)140[366:AOKAAC]2.0.CO;2
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 714
TITLE
  Are patients reliable when self-reporting medication use? Validation of 
structured drug interviews and home visits by drug analysis and prescription 
data in acutely hospitalized patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Glintborg B.
  Hillestrøm P.R.
  Holm Olsen L.
  Dalhoff K.P.
  Enghusen Poulsen H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Glintborg B., glintborg@dadlnet.dk; Hillestrøm P.R.; Holm Olsen L.; 
Enghusen Poulsen H.) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rigshospitalet, 
Copenhagen, Denmark.
(Dalhoff K.P.) Clinical Pharmacologic Department, Bispebjerg Hospital, 
Copenhagen, Denmark.
(Glintborg B., glintborg@dadlnet.dk) Department of Clinical Pharmacology 
Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Glintborg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet, 
Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Email: glintborg@dadlnet.dk
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2007) 47:11 (1440-1449). Date of 
Publication: November 2007
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  The medication history among hospitalized patients often relies on patients' 
self-reports due to insufficient communication between health care 
professionals. The aim of the present study was to estimate the reliability 
of patients' self-reported medication use. Five hundred patients admitted to 
an acute medical department at a Danish university hospital were interviewed 
on the day of admission about their recent medication use. Blood samples 
drawn immediately after admission were screened for contents of 5 drugs 
(digoxin, bendroflumethiazide, amlodipine, simvastatin, glimepiride), and 
the results were compared to the patients' self-reported medication history. 
Information on prescribed drugs dispensed from any Danish pharmacy was 
collected from nationwide real-time pharmacy records. The authors performed 
home visits in a subgroup of 115 patients 4 weeks after their discharge. 
Stored drugs were inspected, and patients were interviewed about their drug 
use. Additional blood samples were drawn for drug analysis. The median age 
of included patients was 72 years, and 298 patients (60%) were women. 
Patients reported use of 3 (median) prescription-only medications (range, 
0-14) during the structured interview. The congruence between self-report 
and drug analysis was high for all 5 drugs measured (all kappa >0.8). 
However, 9 patients (2%) reported use of drugs that were not detected in 
their blood samples. In 29 patients (6%), the blood samples contained drugs 
not reported during the structured interview, but 14 of these drugs were 
registered in either hospital files or pharmacy records. Overall, the 
sensitivity of information from hospital files, structured interviews, and 
pharmacy records in identifying drug users was 87% to 93%, with no 
significant differences between methods. In conclusion, patients' 
self-reports are reliable when estimating recent use of cardiovascular and 
antidiabetic drugs. © 2007 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amlodipine (drug concentration, drug therapy)
  bendroflumethiazide (drug concentration, drug therapy)
  digoxin (drug concentration, drug therapy)
  glimepiride (drug concentration, drug therapy)
  simvastatin (drug concentration, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  prescription
  self report
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  alcoholism
  ambulatory care
  article
  atrial fibrillation
  blood analysis
  blood sampling
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  chronic pancreatitis
  constipation
  controlled study
  coronary artery atherosclerosis (drug therapy)
  Cushing disease
  depression
  diabetes mellitus (drug therapy)
  drug determination
  drug storage
  epilepsy
  female
  heart failure
  hospital admission
  hospital discharge
  hospital patient
  human
  hypercholesterolemia (drug therapy)
  hypertension (drug therapy)
  lung cancer
  major clinical study
  male
  medical documentation
  osteoporosis
  patient compliance
  patient information
  pharmacy
  professional practice
  reliability
  sample size
  screening test
  sensitivity and specificity
  structured interview
  university hospital
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amlodipine (88150-42-9)
  bendroflumethiazide (73-48-3)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  glimepiride (93479-97-1)
  simvastatin (79902-63-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Endocrinology (3)
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007517410
MEDLINE PMID
  17962430 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962430)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270007307243
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 715
TITLE
  Over-the-counter triptans for migraine: What are the implications?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tfelt-Hansen P.
  Steiner T.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tfelt-Hansen P., tfelt@inet.uni2.dk) Department of Neurology, University of 
Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
(Steiner T.J.) Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Imperial College 
London, London, United Kingdom.
(Tfelt-Hansen P., tfelt@inet.uni2.dk) Department of Neurology, Glostrup 
Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Tfelt-Hansen, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, DK-2600 
Glostrup, Denmark. Email: tfelt@inet.uni2.dk
SOURCE
  CNS Drugs (2007) 21:11 (877-883). Date of Publication: 2007
ISSN
  1172-7047
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Adis International Ltd, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, 
Auckland 10, New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
  In 2006, the triptans sumatriptan 50mg and naratriptan 2.5mg were approved 
as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in pharmacies in the UK and Germany, 
respectively. Both drugs have been used in a large number of patients with 
migraine and are considered to have good safety profiles. The implications 
of OTC triptan availability for clinical practice are that more migraine 
patients will use a triptan and will tend to medicate early when their 
headache is still mild, which should be beneficial. The problem with OTC 
access to triptans is medication overuse; therefore, patients should be 
warned of this and advised to use a triptan on fewer than 10 days per month. 
Pharmacists should be educated regarding migraine types and symptoms and on 
contraindications to triptans, so they are then able to discern the patients 
who should receive triptans and, as importantly, those who should not. The 
annual cost of migraine is €27 billion in Europe, $US1.4 billion in the UK 
and $US16.6 billion in the US. By far the greatest opportunity for 
cost-savings comes from the potential to reduce costs associated with lost 
productivity from migraine. OTC availability of triptans will inevitably 
result in easier access to these medications, which, in turn, may result in 
improved treatment and lower migraine-related disability. There is currently 
a lack of empirical evidence that treating migraine effectively does in fact 
recover lost productivity; well designed studies are required to show this. 
The availability of triptans OTC is a logical development for the better 
management of a common, benign, self-limiting but nonetheless burdensome 
disorder that is currently grossly undertreated. We welcome this 
development, but recognise that advice at the point of sale is crucial for 
effective and safe use of these drugs. © 2007 Adis Data Information BV. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  naratriptan (drug comparison, drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  sumatriptan (drug comparison, drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  eletriptan (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  non prescription drug (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  rizatriptan (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  triptan derivative (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  migraine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent abuse
  clinical practice
  cost control
  disability
  disease severity
  drug bioavailability
  drug cost
  drug safety
  Europe
  evidence based practice
  headache (drug therapy)
  health care cost
  health care system
  human
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  productivity
  review
  United Kingdom
  United States
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Glaxo SmithKline
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  eletriptan (143322-58-1, 177834-92-3)
  naratriptan (121679-13-8, 143388-64-1)
  rizatriptan (144034-80-0, 145202-66-0)
  sumatriptan (103628-46-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007497053
MEDLINE PMID
  17927293 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17927293)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 716
TITLE
  A survey of propofol abuse in academic anesthesia programs
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wischmeyer P.E.
  Johnson B.R.
  Wilson J.E.
  Dingmann C.
  Bachman H.M.
  Roller E.
  Tran Z.V.
  Henthorn T.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wischmeyer P.E., Paul.Wischmeyer@UCHSC.edu; Wilson J.E.; Dingmann C.; 
Bachman H.M.; Henthorn T.K.) Department of Anesthesiology, University of 
Colorado, Denver, CO, United States.
(Johnson B.R.; Roller E.) Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 
Valparaiso, IN, United States.
(Tran Z.V.) Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 
United States.
(Wischmeyer P.E., Paul.Wischmeyer@UCHSC.edu) Department of Anesthesia, 
Leprino Office Building (LOB), 12401 East 17th Ave, B113, Aurora, CO 80045, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.E. Wischmeyer, Department of Anesthesia, Leprino Office Building (LOB), 
12401 East 17th Ave, B113, Aurora, CO 80045, United States. Email: 
Paul.Wischmeyer@UCHSC.edu
SOURCE
  Anesthesia and Analgesia (2007) 105:4 (1066-1071). Date of Publication: 
October 2007
ISSN
  0003-2999
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 351 West Camden Street, Baltimore, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Although propofol has not traditionally been considered a drug 
of abuse, subanesthetic doses may have an abuse potential. We used this 
survey to assess prevalence and outcome of propofol abuse in academic 
anesthesiology programs. METHODS: E-mail surveys were sent to the 126 
academic anesthesiology training programs in the United States. RESULTS: The 
survey response rate was 100%. One or more incidents of propofol abuse or 
diversion in the past 10 yr were reported by 18% of departments. The 
observed incidence of propofol abuse was 10 per 10,000 anesthesia providers 
per decade, a fivefold increase from previous surveys of propofol abuse (P = 
0.005). Of the 25 reported individuals abusing propofol, 7 died as a result 
of the propofol abuse (28%), 6 of whom were residents. There was no 
established system to control or monitor propofol as is done with opioids at 
71% of programs. There was an association between lack of control of 
propofol (e.g., pharmacy accounting) at the time of abuse and incidence of 
abuse at the program (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol abuse in academic 
anesthesiology likely has increased over the last 10 yr. Much of the 
mortality is in residents. Most programs have no pharmacy accounting or 
control of propofol stocks. This may be of concern, given that all programs 
reporting deaths from propofol abuse were centers in which there was no 
pharmacy accounting for the drug. © 2007 by International Anesthesia 
Research Society.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  propofol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anesthesiology
  article
  drug monitoring
  e-mail
  health program
  health survey
  human
  incidence
  medical audit
  medical education
  pharmacy
  prevalence
  priority journal
  resident
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  propofol (2078-54-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007471881
MEDLINE PMID
  17898389 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17898389)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000270215.86253.30
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 717
TITLE
  Improving physician and medical student education in substance use 
disorders.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wyatt S.A.
  Dekker M.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wyatt S.A.; Dekker M.A.) Dual Diagnosis Program, Middlesex Hospital, 28 
Crescent St, Middletown, CT 06457, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.A. Wyatt, Dual Diagnosis Program, Middlesex Hospital, 28 Crescent St, 
Middletown, CT 06457, USA. Email: wyattsa@sbcglobal.net
SOURCE
  The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (2007) 107:9 Suppl 5 
(ES27-38). Date of Publication: Sep 2007
ISSN
  0098-6151
ABSTRACT
  Medical and psychosocial problems related to substance use disorders (SUDs) 
remain a major source of national morbidity and mortality. This situation 
exists despite greater understanding of genetic, neurobiologic, and social 
underpinnings of the development of these illnesses that has resulted in 
many advances in addiction medicine. The value of assessment and brief 
intervention of this disease is well documented. Patients need to be 
identified and engaged in order for them to be treated. A variety of 
evidence-based pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments are now 
available. Strong evidence exists that treatment of patients for SUDs 
produces results similar to or better than those obtained from treatment for 
other chronic illnesses. It is also clear that physicians can play a pivotal 
role in helping to reduce the burden of disease related to SUDs However, to 
do this, physicians need to be better educated. Through such education comes 
greater confidence in identification and providing treatment. Also, the 
discomfort and stigma often associated with this disease are reduced. The 
federal government-through the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the 
Surgeon General, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the National 
Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and 
Alcoholism, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the 
Department of Transportation (DOT)-is expending concerted efforts to improve 
physician education in addiction medicine. These efforts culminated in the 
Second Leadership Conference on Medical Education in Substance Abuse in 
December 2006. The osteopathic medical profession was represented at this 
conference. This article reviews not only the recommendations from this 
meeting, but also the nature of the problem, how members of the osteopathic 
medical profession are currently addressing it, and a strategy for 
improvement endorsed by the American Osteopathic Academy of Addiction 
Medicine.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (prevention)
  clinical competence
  medical education
  medical student
  physician
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  review
  standard
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17908828 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17908828)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 718
TITLE
  Sexual education and temporary total androgen blockade in the fight against 
heroin addiction: A new hypothesis
AUTHOR NAMES
  La Pera G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (La Pera G., lapera@libero.it) Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 
Roma, Italy.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. La Pera, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy. Email: 
lapera@libero.it
SOURCE
  Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia (2007) 79:3 (118-121). Date of 
Publication: September 2007
ISSN
  1124-3562
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Edizioni Scripta Manent s.n.c., Via Bassini 41, Milano, Italy.
ABSTRACT
  Various theories have been advanced to account for heroin addiction. One of 
the causes, upon which little attention has, so far, been focused, concerns 
the relationship with testosterone and with sexual distress. In the present 
report, a new strategy in the fight against heroin use is proposed which is 
based upon the assumption that testosterone, or its metabolites, would exert 
on drug seeking behaviours and drug taking behaviours through a direct 
effect upon the rewarding circuit or indirectly eliciting the drug craving 
and by leading some youths with sexual distress to seek improvement in their 
sexual performance with the use of drugs. The new strategy proposed here is 
based upon sexual and affectivity education in adolescents to prevent First 
Drug Use and for those already addicted, upon sexual and affectivity 
education and temporary total androgen blockade with pharmaceutical agents 
that, in a reversible fashion, block both the production and the effect of 
testosterone and their metabolites until complete disintoxication of drug 
use is reached.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiandrogen (drug therapy)
  diamorphine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine (drug therapy)
  gonadorelin agonist (drug therapy)
  methadone (drug dose, drug therapy)
  testosterone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  heroin dependence (drug therapy)
  sexual education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  behavior
  human
  juvenile
  sexual dysfunction
  sexual function
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  testosterone (58-22-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007545466
MEDLINE PMID
  18041362 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18041362)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 719
TITLE
  Beliefs and social norms about Codeine and Promethazine Hydrochloride Cough 
Syrup (CPHCS) use and addiction among multi-ethnic college students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Peters Jr. R.
  Yacoubian Jr. G.S.
  Rhodes W.
  Forsythe K.J.
  Bowers K.S.
  Eulian V.M.
  Mangum C.A.
  O'Neal J.D.
  Martin Q.
  Essien E.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Peters Jr. R., Ronald.J.Peters@uth.tmc.edu) University of Texas, School of 
Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX, United States.
(Yacoubian Jr. G.S.) Pacific Institute for Research Evaluation, Calverton, 
MD, United States.
(Rhodes W.) Department of Psychology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, 
MD, United States.
(Forsythe K.J.; Bowers K.S.; Eulian V.M.; Mangum C.A.; O'Neal J.D.; Martin 
Q.) Department of Health and Human Performance, Prairie View A and M 
University, Prairie View, TX, United States.
(Essien E.J.) College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 
United States.
(Peters Jr. R., Ronald.J.Peters@uth.tmc.edu) 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Peters Jr., 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Email: 
Ronald.J.Peters@uth.tmc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2007) 39:3 (277-282). Date of Publication: 
September 2007
ISSN
  0279-1072
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Haight-Ashbury Publications, 612 Clayton Street, San Francisco, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  In this study a qualitative approach is used to investigate relevant beliefs 
and norms concerning the consumption, initiation, and perceived addiction of 
codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup (CPHCS) among 61 
college-age students who identified themselves as current CPHCS users. In 
general, a majority of students stated that doctors and pharmacists were the 
greatest facilitators of CPHCS acquisition. A majority of students believed 
that their friends felt codeine promethazine use was "normal" and "cool" 
among college students their age, and that reinforcing factors, such as peer 
pressure and curiosity, contributed to initial CPHCS use.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  codeine
  promethazine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  college student
  cultural factor
  drug dependence
  drug use
  ethnic difference
  female
  human
  male
  peer pressure
  sex difference
  social aspect
  syrup
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  codeine (76-57-3)
  promethazine (58-33-3, 60-87-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007597541
MEDLINE PMID
  18159781 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18159781)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 720
TITLE
  Training, clinical medication review performance and self-assessed 
competence: Investigating influences
AUTHOR NAMES
  Laaksonen R.
  Bates I.
  Duggan C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Laaksonen R.) Pharmacy Practice Group, Department of Pharmacy and 
Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
(Laaksonen R.; Bates I.; Duggan C.) Department of Practice and Policy, 
School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
(Duggan C.) Academic Department of Pharmacy, The Royal London Hospital, 
Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Laaksonen, Pharmacy Practice Group, Department of Pharmacy and 
Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Education (2007) 7:3 (257-265). Date of Publication: September 2007
ISSN
  1560-2214
  1477-2701 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  International Pharmaceutical Federation, PO Box 84200 The Hague, , 
Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of community pharmacists' 
training performance on providing clinical medication reviews, and the 
influence of their training and medication review performances on their 
self-assessed competence in two Primary Care Trusts (PCT) in England. Data 
were collected on training and medication reviews, and a postal survey, 
developed to measure pharmacists' self-assessed competence, was 
administered. Simple regression was used to predict medication review 
performance and multiple regression to predict self-assessed competence. The 
better the pharmacists' performance in Pharmaceutical care planning module, 
the better their performance in suggesting actions to solve drug related 
problems (DRPs) in medication reviews. In addition, the better the 
pharmacists' performance in suggesting actions to solve DRPs, the poorer 
their self-assessed competence in "delivery of patient care" competency 
cluster. While the training supported the provision of medication reviews, 
pharmacists may need more continuous, individual support and feedback to 
further develop their ability to self-assess competence.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical competence
  medical education
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  aged
  controlled study
  elderly care
  female
  health care delivery
  human
  information processing
  major clinical study
  male
  multiple regression
  pharmacist
  postal mail
  prediction
  primary medical care
  priority journal
  problem solving
  regression analysis
  review
  treatment planning
  United Kingdom
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007470068
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15602210701610367
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 721
TITLE
  Mental health nursing students' relationships with the pharmaceutical 
industry
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ashmore R.
  Carver N.
  Banks D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ashmore R., r.j.ashmore@shu.ac.uk; Carver N.) Sheffield Hallam University, 
Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Mundella House, Collegiate Crescent, S1 
1WB, United Kingdom.
(Banks D.) School of Health and Social Care, University of Teesside, United 
Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Ashmore, Sheffield Hallam University, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, 
Mundella House, Collegiate Crescent, S1 1WB, United Kingdom. Email: 
r.j.ashmore@shu.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Nurse Education Today (2007) 27:6 (551-560). Date of Publication: August 
2007
ISSN
  0260-6917
  1532-2793 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Churchill Livingstone
ABSTRACT
  Introduction: The medical profession's relationship with the pharmaceutical 
industry (PI) has come under increased scrutiny in recent years, however 
little is known on the subject in mental health nursing. Aims: The study 
sought to investigate: (1) the frequency of contact between mental health 
nursing students and PI employees; (2) students' attitudes and beliefs about 
their relationship with the PI; (3) the range of 'gifts', promotional items 
and hospitality accepted or seen in clinical environments by students in a 
one year period; and (4) students' attitudes to 'gifts', promotional items 
and hospitality offered by the industry. Method: Employing a survey design, 
a 35-item questionnaire was distributed to 472 students at two universities 
in the UK. Data were analysed from 347 respondents by means of descriptive 
statistics and simple content analysis. Results: The findings suggest that 
students have significant contact with the industry through one-to-one 
meetings with pharmaceutical representatives (PRs) and by attending events 
giving information on specific drugs or general mental health issues. 
Students also identified a number of benefits (e.g. receiving "up-to-date" 
information on new drugs) and problems (e.g. the potential influence exerted 
on practitioners to use their drugs) arising out of this contact. Most 
students (79.8%) had accepted some form of 'gift' from the industry but few 
(11.5%) believed it was unacceptable to do so. The presence of promotional 
items in the clinical environment was seen as advertising (84.4%) but few 
students (19.3%) believed clinical environment should be free of these 
items. Over half (57.1%) of the students believed that PRs did not always 
give unbiased information but thought that they and mental health nurses in 
general would be able to detect any bias. Conclusions: In parallel with 
medicine, the study has shown that the pharmaceutical industry has at least 
the potential to influence mental health nursing students. Within medicine 
this realisation has triggered a vigorous debate on how medical schools 
should respond to the promotional activities of the PI. We suggest this 
study goes some way to demonstrating there is a need for these issues to be 
debated in the education of mental health nurses. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug industry
  gift giving
  health personnel attitude
  nursing student
  psychiatric nursing
  public relations
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude to health
  clinical competence
  conflict of interest
  drug information
  education
  epidemiology
  ethics
  female
  health service
  human
  male
  medical ethics
  nursing education
  nursing methodology research
  organization and management
  persuasive communication
  psychological aspect
  qualitative research
  questionnaire
  United Kingdom
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17113686 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17113686)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2006.08.016
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 722
TITLE
  Adding or switching antipsychotic medications in treatment-refractory 
schizophrenia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kreyenbuhl J.
  Marcus S.C.
  West J.C.
  Wilk J.
  Olfson M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kreyenbuhl J., jkreyenb@psych.umaryland.edu) Department of Psychiatry, 
Division of Services Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 
Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Kreyenbuhl J., jkreyenb@psych.umaryland.edu; Marcus S.C.) Department of 
Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network (VISN 5), Mental Illness 
Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 737 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 
21201, United States.
(West J.C.; Wilk J.) School of Social Policy and Practice, University of 
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
(Wilk J.) American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education, 
Arlington, VA, United States.
(Olfson M.) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, 
NY, United States.
(Olfson M.) New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Kreyenbuhl, Department of Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network 
(VISN 5), Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 737 W. 
Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. Email: 
jkreyenb@psych.umaryland.edu
SOURCE
  Psychiatric Services (2007) 58:7 (983-990). Date of Publication: July 2007
ISSN
  1075-2730
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Psychiatric Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1825, 
Arlington, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: This study compared patients with schizophrenia whose 
antipsychotic medications were switched to manage treatment-resistant 
positive psychotic symptoms with those for whom another antipsychotic was 
added. Psychiatrists' characteristics and perceptions of effectiveness of 
the medication change on clinical outcomes were also reported. Methods: 
Psychiatrists participating in a nationally representative mailed survey 
(N=209) reported on the clinical features, management, and response to the 
change in antipsychotic medication (added versus switched) of one adult 
patient with treatment-refractory schizophrenia under their care for at 
least one year. Results: Thirty-three percent of patients were treated with 
an added antipsychotic medication. Compared with patients whose 
antipsychotic medications were switched, those with an added antipsychotic 
medication were more likely to be female, to have received care from the 
same psychiatrist for more than two years, and to have been recently 
prescribed an antidepressant. Compared with psychiatrists who switched 
antipsychotic prescriptions, those who added an antipsychotic reported that 
the change was less likely to reduce positive symptoms, improve functioning, 
and prevent hospitalization. Psychiatrists who added rather than switched 
antipsychotics reported more frequent attendance at educational programs 
sponsored by a pharmaceutical company. Conclusions: Consistent with other 
lines of research and practice guideline recommendations, psychiatrists 
perceive antipsychotic polypharmacy to be a generally ineffective strategy 
for treatment-resistant positive psychotic symptoms. In light of these 
findings, efforts to identify and implement more effective evidence-based 
pharmacologic approaches should be undertaken.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent (drug dose, drug therapy)
  anxiolytic agent (drug therapy)
  aripiprazole (drug combination, drug dose, drug therapy)
  clozapine (drug combination, drug dose, drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (drug therapy)
  olanzapine (drug therapy)
  quetiapine (drug therapy)
  risperidone (drug therapy)
  ziprasidone (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  schizophrenia (drug resistance, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adjuvant therapy
  article
  clinical feature
  combination chemotherapy
  controlled study
  drug efficacy
  drug industry
  drug response
  drug substitution
  female
  health program
  health survey
  human
  major clinical study
  major depression (diagnosis, drug therapy)
  male
  prescription
  psychiatrist
  substance abuse
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aripiprazole (129722-12-9)
  clozapine (5786-21-0)
  olanzapine (132539-06-1)
  quetiapine (111974-72-2)
  risperidone (106266-06-2)
  ziprasidone (118289-78-4, 122883-93-6, 138982-67-9, 199191-69-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007367911
MEDLINE PMID
  17602016 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602016)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.58.7.983
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 723
TITLE
  The costs and consequences of three policy options for reducing heroin 
dependency
AUTHOR NAMES
  Moore T.J.
  Ritter A.
  Caulkins J.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Moore T.J.; Ritter A., alison.ritter@unsw.edu.au) Turning Point Alcohol and 
Drug Centre, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia.
(Ritter A., alison.ritter@unsw.edu.au) National Drug and Alcohol Research 
Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
(Caulkins J.P.) Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Moore T.J.; Ritter A., alison.ritter@unsw.edu.au) Turning Point Alcohol and 
Drug Centre, 54 - 62 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy, Vic. 3065, Australia.
(Ritter A., alison.ritter@unsw.edu.au) National Drug and Alcohol Research 
Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
(Ritter A., alison.ritter@unsw.edu.au) Regulatory Institutions Network, 
Australian National University, .
(Caulkins J.P.) Carnegie Mellon University, Qatar Campus, H. John Heinz III 
School of Public Policy and Management, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 
15213, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Ritter, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 
2052, Australia. Email: alison.ritter@unsw.edu.au
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Review (2007) 26:4 (369-378). Date of Publication: July 
2007
ISSN
  0959-5236
  1465-3362 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Taylor and Francis Ltd.
ABSTRACT
  This study compares the costs and consequences of three interventions for 
reducing heroin dependency: pharmacotherapy maintenance, residential 
rehabilitation and prison. Using Australian data, the interventions' 
cost-consequence ratio was estimated, taking into consideration reduction in 
heroin use during the intervention; the length of intervention; and 
post-intervention effects (as measured by abstinence rates). Sensitivity 
analyses were conducted, including varying the magnitude and duration of 
treatment effects, and ascribing positive outcomes only to treatment 
completers. A hybrid model that combined pharmacotherapy maintenance with a 
prison term was also considered. If the post-programme abstinence rates are 
sustained for 2 years, then for an average heroin user the cost of averting 
a year of heroin use is approximately AUD$5000 for pharmacotherapy 
maintenance, AUD$11 000 for residential rehabilitation and AUD$52 000 for 
prison. Varying the parameters does not change the ranking of the 
programmes. If the completion rate in pharmacotherapy maintenance was raised 
above 95% (by the threat of prison for non-completers), the combined model 
of treatment plus prison may become the most cost-effective option. Relative 
performance in terms of costs and consequences is an important consideration 
in the policy decision-making process, and quantitative data such as those 
reported herein can provide insights pertinent to evidence-based policy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  methadone (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug control
  health care policy
  heroin dependence (prevention, rehabilitation)
  law enforcement
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Australia
  cost benefit analysis
  drug dependence treatment
  economics
  evaluation study
  human
  legal aspect
  methodology
  patient compliance
  prison
  prospective study
  quality adjusted life year
  residential care
  treatment outcome
  utilization review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17564872 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17564872)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595230701373883
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 724
TITLE
  Evaluation of a pilot medication therapy management project within the North 
Carolina State Health Plan.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Christensen D.B.
  Roth M.
  Trygstad T.
  Byrd J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Christensen D.B.; Roth M.; Trygstad T.; Byrd J.) Division of Pharmaceutical 
Outcomes and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.B. Christensen, Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, School of 
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA. 
Email: dalechristensen@whidbey.com
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2007) 47:4 
(471-483). Date of Publication: 2007 Jul-Aug
ISSN
  1544-3450 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of a pharmacist-based medication 
therapy management (MTM) service for North Carolina State Health Plan 
enrollees. DESIGN: Before/after design with two control groups. SETTING: 
Community pharmacies and an ambulatory care clinic in North Carolina serving 
patients from October 2004 to March 2005. PARTICIPANTS: 67 patients who used 
a large number of prescription drugs, 10 community/ambulatory care 
pharmacists, and more than 600 participants from two control groups. 
INTERVENTIONS: Pharmacist-conducted MTM reviews for volunteering patients. 
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Process measures (type and frequency of drug therapy 
problems detected and services performed), economic measures (number and 
cost of medications dispensed), and humanistic measures (patient 
satisfaction with services). RESULTS: Pharmacists identified an average of 
3.6 potential drug therapy problems (PDTPs) per patient at the first visit. 
The most common PDTP categories were "potential underuse" and "more 
cost-effective drug available." Pharmacist actions were divided nearly 
equally between activities that would result in increased and decreased drug 
use. Pharmacists recommended a drug therapy change in about 50% of patients 
and contacted the prescriber more than 85% of the time. About 50% of 
patients with PDTPs had a change in drug therapy. Prescription use during 
the postintervention period decreased in both the study and control groups 
but was statistically significant only among the control groups. No 
significant differences were observed in patient co-payment or insurer 
prescription costs. Pharmacists provided the following educational services: 
medication use (90%), disease management (88%), adherence, and self-care 
(60%). Survey results indicated that patients highly valued the service. 
CONCLUSION: A voluntary MTM program targeted at ambulatory patients using a 
large number of medications reduced the number of PDTPs but did not 
necessarily result in reductions in prescription drug use or cost. Nearly 
all patients received some form of medication adherence or disease education 
associated with problem detection and resolution. Patient satisfaction 
levels with the service were very high.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care planning
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  disease management
  drug therapy (adverse drug reaction)
  economics
  human
  legal aspect
  medicare
  methodology
  middle aged
  patient satisfaction
  pharmacist
  pilot study
  professional standard
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17616493 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17616493)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2007.06111
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 725
TITLE
  The effects of angiotensin II and captopril on expression of morphine 
withdrawal signs in rat
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hosseini M.
  Alaei H.
  Sharifi M.R.
  Shafei M.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hosseini M., smhosseini49@Hotamil.com; Shafei M.N.) Department of 
Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 
Mashhad, Iran.
(Alaei H.; Sharifi M.R.) Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, 
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Hosseini, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad 
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email: 
smhosseini49@Hotamil.com
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2007) 6:3 (185-191). Date of 
Publication: Summer 2007
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, 
Iran.
ABSTRACT
  The mechanisms of drug dependence and rewarding properties of opiates are 
not exactly known and several neurotransmitters seem to be involved. It is 
possible that the rennin-angiotensin system could interact with the opioid 
system, since it has been shown that angiotensin II(Ang) and ACE inhibitors 
have analgesic, anticonvulsant and antidepression effects and in some cases 
they could antagonize the effect of morphine. In the present study, the 
effect of Ang II and captopril on withdrawal signs was evaluated. Male 
wistar rats were anesthetized and i.c.v cannula implanted and allowed to 
recover from surgery. Morphine was injected (i.p, 3 times a day) for 4 days 
to induce morphine dependence. The animals were divided into 3 groups and 
received saline, captopril, Ang II, and i.c.v, before naloxone injection. 
Naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal signs, compared to the morphine 
dependent rats in saline, captopril and Ang II groups. Results showed that 
in the captopril group, some of the withdrawal signs were significantly 
lower than the saline group (p<0.05 and p<0.01). In the Ang II group, some 
of the withdrawal signs were greater than the saline group (p<0.01 and 
p<0.001). Considering the fact that captopril can reduce endogenous opioid 
degradation, it could probably reduce the morphine withdrawal signs in this 
way. On the other hand, captopril and Ang II can interact with dopamine, 
serotonin, substance p, acetylcholine or nitric oxide in different brain 
regions and alter morphine withdrawal signs. Copyright © 2007 by School of 
Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health 
Services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  angiotensin II (drug comparison, drug therapy, intracerebroventricular drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  captopril (drug comparison, drug therapy, intracerebroventricular drug 
administration, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylcholine (endogenous compound)
  dopamine (endogenous compound)
  endorphin (endogenous compound)
  morphine
  naloxone
  nitric oxide (endogenous compound)
  serotonin (endogenous compound)
  substance P (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine addiction
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  dopaminergic system
  drug mechanism
  locus ceruleus
  male
  nonhuman
  rat
  renin angiotensin aldosterone system
  Wistar rat
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (Iran)Darou Pakhsh
   (United States)Sigma
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylcholine (51-84-3, 60-31-1, 66-23-9)
  angiotensin II (11128-99-7)
  captopril (62571-86-2)
  dopamine (51-61-6, 62-31-7)
  endorphin (60118-07-2)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  nitric oxide (10102-43-9)
  serotonin (50-67-9)
  substance P (33507-63-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008022463
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 726
TITLE
  Medication overuse headache
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lenaerts M.E.
  Couch J.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lenaerts M.E., marc-lenaerts@ouhsc.edu; Couch J.R.) Headache Section, 
Department of Neurology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, 
Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
(Lenaerts M.E., marc-lenaerts@ouhsc.edu) Headache Section, Department of 
Neurology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, 711, Stanton L. Young 
Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.E. Lenaerts, Headache Section, Department of Neurology, Oklahoma 
University Health Sciences Center, 711, Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma 
City, OK 73104, United States. Email: marc-lenaerts@ouhsc.edu
SOURCE
  Minerva Medica (2007) 98:3 (221-231). Date of Publication: June 2007
ISSN
  0026-4806
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Edizioni Minerva Medica S.p.A., Corso Bramante 83-85, Turin, Italy.
ABSTRACT
  Medication overuse headache is a common feature underlying chronic headache, 
especially migraine. It also represents a major therapeutic challenge, 
especially in headache specialty clinics where it can represent the majority 
of patients. The syndrome remains under-diagnosed and the role of 
symptomatic medication overuse underestimated. Physicians should be properly 
educated in this area of pain, for prevention of this too often intractable 
syndrome could be improved. The basis of therapy is discontinuance of the 
abused medication. Additional treatment relies on a multifaceted approach 
that embraces management of psychiatric comorbidities and emphasizes patient 
education. Various pharmacological regimens, abortive and prophylactic, are 
available. Further scientific study is warranted to elucidate the ultimate 
mechanisms of this syndrome and define more effective treatments. This 
article gives detailed clinical description, tentative pathophysiologic 
explanation and therapeutic suggestions.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (drug therapy)
  amitriptyline (drug therapy)
  analgesic agent (drug combination, drug therapy)
  antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  anxiolytic agent (drug therapy)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (drug combination, drug interaction, 
drug therapy)
  butalbital (drug therapy)
  butorphanol (drug therapy)
  codeine (drug therapy)
  dihydroergotamine (drug combination, drug therapy, intravenous drug 
administration, subcutaneous drug administration)
  doxepin (drug combination, drug therapy)
  ergotamine (drug therapy)
  hydrocodone (drug combination, drug therapy)
  hydroxyzine (drug combination, drug therapy)
  meclofenamate sodium (drug therapy)
  metoclopramide (drug therapy, intravenous drug administration)
  morphine sulfate (drug therapy)
  nalbuphine (drug therapy)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (drug combination, drug therapy)
  opiate (drug combination, drug therapy)
  oxycodone (drug therapy)
  paracetamol (drug combination, drug therapy)
  pethidine (drug therapy)
  propranolol (drug therapy)
  steroid (drug dose, drug therapy)
  topiramate (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy)
  tramadol (drug therapy)
  triptan derivative (drug combination, drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
  valproic acid (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  headache (drug therapy, epidemiology, etiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  comorbidity
  disease predisposition
  drug abuse
  drug dose reduction
  drug potentiation
  human
  intractable pain
  migraine (drug therapy)
  pathogenesis
  patient education
  phonophobia
  prevalence
  prognosis
  prophylaxis
  review
  tension headache (drug therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  butalbital (51005-25-5, 77-26-9)
  butorphanol (42408-82-2)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  dihydroergotamine (511-12-6)
  doxepin (1229-29-4, 1668-19-5)
  ergotamine (113-15-5, 52949-35-6)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  hydroxyzine (2192-20-3, 64095-02-9, 68-88-2)
  meclofenamate sodium (6385-02-0)
  metoclopramide (12707-59-4, 2576-84-3, 364-62-5, 7232-21-5)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  nalbuphine (20594-83-6, 23277-43-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
  topiramate (97240-79-4)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (5)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Italian
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007500721
MEDLINE PMID
  17592444 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17592444)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 727
TITLE
  An innovative pharmaceutical care practical course.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bulatova N.R.
  Aburuz S.
  Yousef A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bulatova N.R.; Aburuz S.; Yousef A.M.) Department of Biopharmaceutics & 
Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania 
Street, 11942, Amman, Jordan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.R. Bulatova, Department of Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty 
of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942, Amman, Jordan.
SOURCE
  Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice (2007) 12:2 
(211-222). Date of Publication: May 2007
ISSN
  1382-4996
ABSTRACT
  The innovative practical course was developed to improve the students' 
ability to acquire pharmaceutical care skills. The primary components of the 
course were in-school training using small group discussions and hospital 
experience including identification, analysis, prevention and resolution of 
drug-therapy problems, patient counseling on their medications and diseases, 
and interaction with medical team. Specific objectives of the research were 
to (1) compare students' performance before and after the course, (2) 
measure students' perceptions of their pharmaceutical care skills before and 
after the course, (3) determine students' perception of the value of the 
course. Statistical comparison of pre-test and post-test grades indicated 
both a retention and acquiring pharmaceutical care skills. A pre-course and 
post-course survey instrument was designed to measure students' perception 
of their pharmaceutical care skills. Perception of most of the items of the 
survey was significantly improved at the end of the course. Overall, the 
majority of students were highly satisfied with the course. In conclusion, 
the present study demonstrates that the innovative pharmaceutical care 
practical course was successfully introduced.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical competence
  education
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  curriculum
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  methodology
  patient education
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17041786 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17041786)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-006-0001-8
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 728
TITLE
  The effect of multiple doses of peginterferon alfa-2b on the steady-state 
pharmacokinetics of methadone in patients with chronic hepatitis C 
undergoing methadone maintenance therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gupta S.K.
  Sellers E.
  Somoza E.
  Angles L.
  Kolz K.
  Cutler D.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gupta S.K., samir.gupta@spcorp.com; Kolz K.; Cutler D.L.) Schering-Plough 
Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ, United States.
(Sellers E.) Ventana Clinical Research Corporation, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Somoza E.) Cincinnati Addiction Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, United 
States.
(Angles L.) Heart of America Research, Shawnee Mission, KS, United States.
(Gupta S.K., samir.gupta@spcorp.com) Schering-Plough Research Institute 
K15-22745, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.K. Gupta, Schering-Plough Research Institute K15-22745, 2015 Galloping 
Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States. Email: 
samir.gupta@spcorp.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2007) 47:5 (604-612). Date of Publication: 
May 2007
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  This multicenter, open-label study evaluated the effects of multiple doses 
of peginterferon alfa-2b on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of methadone 
in 20 adults with hepatitis C virus infection who were enrolled in a 
methadone maintenance program. All subjects received peginterferon alfa-2b 
1.5 μg/kg/wk for 4 weeks and maintained their normal methadone regimen. 
Serial blood samples were collected immediately before the first and after 
the fourth peginterferon alfa-2b dose (day 23). At day 23, exposure to the 
active methadone R-enantiomer increased by approximately 15% following 
administration of peginterferon alfa-2b, with 90% confidence intervals just 
outside the bioequivalence criteria (range, 80%-125%). Similar increases in 
exposure (C(max), AUC (0-24), and AUC(last)) were observed with S-methadone 
and total methadone. Peginterferon alfa-2b was well tolerated. Peginterferon 
alfa-2b is associated with minor increases in exposure to methadone in 
individuals with hepatitis C virus infection; however, these increases are 
unlikely to be clinically meaningful and are not associated with any safety 
concerns. ©2007 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone (clinical trial, drug concentration, drug dose, drug interaction, 
drug therapy, oral drug administration, pharmacokinetics)
  peginterferon alpha2b (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug 
concentration, drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, 
subcutaneous drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  paracetamol (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hepatitis C (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal pain (side effect)
  adult
  anorexia (side effect)
  anxiety
  area under the curve
  article
  asthenia (side effect)
  bioequivalence
  blood sampling
  blurred vision (side effect)
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  cold sensation
  confidence interval
  confusion (side effect)
  depression (side effect)
  dose response
  drug dependence (drug therapy)
  drug effect
  drug eruption (side effect)
  drug fatality (side effect)
  drug fever (side effect)
  drug induced headache (side effect)
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
  fatigue (side effect)
  female
  flu like syndrome (drug therapy)
  herpes simplex (side effect)
  hot flush (side effect)
  human
  hyperhidrosis (side effect)
  hypertriglyceridemia (side effect)
  hypesthesia (side effect)
  injection site contusion (side effect)
  injection site inflammation (side effect)
  injection site reaction (side effect)
  insomnia (side effect)
  intravenous drug abuse
  irritability
  leukopenia (side effect)
  maintenance therapy
  male
  maximum plasma concentration
  musculoskeletal pain (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  neutropenia (side effect)
  repeated drug dose
  retching (side effect)
  rhinorrhea (side effect)
  rigor (side effect)
  side effect (side effect)
  somnolence (side effect)
  thrombocytopenia (side effect)
  treatment duration
  treatment response
  tremor (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
  weakness (side effect)
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  peginterferon alpha2b (215647-85-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007199114
MEDLINE PMID
  17400820 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400820)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270007299760
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 729
TITLE
  Methadone-associated long QT syndrome: Improving pharmacotherapy for 
dependence on illegal opioids and lessons learned for pharmacology
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ehret G.B.
  Desmeules J.A.
  Broers B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ehret G.B., georg@rhone.ch) Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 
Mckusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United 
States.
(Desmeules J.A.) Geneva University Hospital, Division of Clinical 
Pharmacology and Toxicology, 24 Rue Micheli du Crest, CH 1211 Geneva 14, 
Switzerland.
(Broers B.) Geneva Univesity Hospital, Department of Community Haalth, 24 
Rue Micheli du Crest, CH 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.B. Ehret, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Mckusick Nathans 
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Email: 
georg@rhone.ch
SOURCE
  Expert Opinion on Drug Safety (2007) 6:3 (289-303). Date of Publication: May 
2007
ISSN
  1474-0338
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Informa Healthcare, 69-77 Paul Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Methadone is used as the pharmacologic mainstay for substitution for illegal 
opiates and as analgesic for chronic or cancer-related pain. Given the 
benefits of methadone substitution for illicit opioids, the finding of an 
association between methadone and prolongation of cardiac depolarization (QT 
prolongation) and torsades de pointes is of great concern. QT prolongation 
can occur with many drugs and is a potentially lethal adverse drug reaction, 
necessitating risk monitoring and therapeutic alternatives in some patients. 
Recent studies suggest that QT prolongation with methadone is context 
dependent: occurrence is more frequent with high doses of methadone, 
concomitant administration of CYP3A4 inhibitors, hypokalemia, hepatic 
failure, administration of other QT prolonging drugs and pre-existing heart 
disease. The valued benefit of methadone substitution therapy on the one 
hand and the increased cardiovascular risk in particular situations on the 
other illustrate the difficulties in dealing with drug-induced QT 
prolongation in general. © 2007 Informa UK Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug analysis, drug 
combination, drug comparison, drug concentration, drug dose, drug 
interaction, drug therapy, intravenous drug administration, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, rectal drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiarrhythmic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug 
interaction)
  antibiotic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination)
  antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  antiemetic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination)
  antihistaminic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug interaction)
  buprenorphine (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  calcium channel blocking agent (drug interaction)
  cytochrome P450 2B6 (endogenous compound)
  cytochrome P450 2C19 (endogenous compound)
  cytochrome P450 2D6 (endogenous compound)
  cytochrome P450 3A4 (endogenous compound)
  cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug 
therapy)
  cytochrome P450 inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug 
therapy)
  diamorphine (drug therapy)
  homococaine (drug toxicity)
  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (drug interaction)
  levacetylmethadol (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  macrolide (drug interaction)
  mood stabilizer (drug therapy)
  morphine (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination)
  potassium channel HERG (endogenous compound)
  potassium channel KCNQ1 (endogenous compound)
  prokinetic agent (drug interaction)
  proteinase inhibitor (drug interaction)
  psychotropic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  quinine (drug toxicity)
  unclassified drug
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  long QT syndrome (side effect, diagnosis, etiology, side effect)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesic activity
  anaphylaxis (side effect)
  bradycardia (side effect)
  cancer pain (complication, drug therapy)
  cardiovascular disease (side effect)
  cardiovascular risk
  chronic pain (drug therapy)
  clinical trial
  constipation (side effect)
  dose response
  drug absorption
  drug bioavailability
  drug blood level
  drug brain level
  drug distribution
  drug elimination
  drug fatality (side effect)
  drug half life
  drug hypersensitivity (side effect)
  drug megadose
  drug metabolism
  drug monitoring
  drug overdose
  drug protein binding
  drug structure
  dysphoria (side effect)
  electrocardiogram
  endocrine disease (side effect)
  euphoria
  evidence based medicine
  generalized edema (side effect)
  genetic polymorphism
  heart arrhythmia (side effect)
  heart depolarization
  heart disease
  high risk patient
  human
  hyperhidrosis (side effect)
  hyperprolactinemia (side effect)
  hypokalemia
  liver failure
  mental disease (side effect)
  methadone treatment
  neuropathic pain (drug therapy)
  nonhuman
  outcome assessment
  patient education
  pharmacodynamics
  pharmacogenetics
  polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (side effect)
  pruritus (side effect)
  QT interval
  QT prolongation (diagnosis, etiology, side effect)
  respiration depression (side effect)
  respiratory arrest (side effect)
  review
  risk benefit analysis
  risk factor
  risk reduction
  sedation
  sexual dysfunction (side effect)
  side effect (side effect)
  sudden death
  torsade des pointes (side effect)
  urinary hesitancy (side effect)
  urticaria (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  cytochrome P450 2B6 (330207-11-9)
  cytochrome P450 3A4 (329736-03-0)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  homococaine (529-38-4)
  levacetylmethadol (34433-66-4)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  proteinase inhibitor (37205-61-1)
  quinine (130-89-2, 130-95-0, 14358-44-2, 549-48-4, 549-49-5, 60-93-5, 
7549-43-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007243321
MEDLINE PMID
  17480178 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17480178)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.6.3.289
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 730
TITLE
  Are there sex differences associated with the effects of 
ecstasy/3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Allott K.
  Redman J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Allott K., kelly.allott@med.monash.edu.au; Redman J.) Department of 
Psychology, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Allott, Department of Psychology, Monash University, Vic. 3800, 
Australia. Email: kelly.allott@med.monash.edu.au
SOURCE
  Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2007) 31:3 (327-347). Date of 
Publication: 2007
ISSN
  0149-7634
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Sex has been identified as an important factor in moderating the effects of 
several drugs of abuse. Given the increasing popularity of ecstasy 
(3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) use, it is important for 
researchers and clinicians to understand the factors that may influence its 
pharmacological actions to improve education, harm reduction and treatment 
efforts. This review focuses on preclinical and clinical research that 
examines the role of sex as an independent variable in the effects of 
ecstasy/MDMA. A systematic search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE electronic 
databases from 1966 to April 2006 was conducted. Both preclinical and 
clinical studies show a sexually dimorphic pattern in the acute, subacute 
and possibly long-term effects of ecstasy/MDMA. Specifically, adult females 
are more sensitive than males to the acute and subacute physical and 
psychological effects of ecstasy/MDMA and long-term alterations in aspects 
of 5-HT functioning. Conversely, males are more sensitive to the acute 
physiological effects of ecstasy/MDMA. These findings are consistent with 
research outcomes reported for other substances such as amphetamines and 
cocaine. Potential reasons for these sex differences and directions for 
future research are discussed. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amphetamine
  cocaine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  sex difference
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  behavior
  clinical research
  cognition
  human
  lethality
  locomotion
  mental function
  neurophysiology
  neurotransmission
  nonhuman
  outcomes research
  priority journal
  psychological aspect
  reference database
  review
  sensorimotor function
  serotonin syndrome
  sex ratio
  stereotypy
  strain difference
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007084262
MEDLINE PMID
  17109962 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17109962)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.09.009
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 731
TITLE
  Training psychiatrists to treat dual diagnosis patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Renner Jr. J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Renner Jr. J.A., john.renner@med.va.gov) Department of Psychiatry, Boston 
University School of Medicine, VA Outpatient Clinic, 251 Causeway Street, 
Boston, MA 02114, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.A. Renner Jr., Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of 
Medicine, VA Outpatient Clinic, 251 Causeway Street, Boston, MA 02114, 
United States. Email: john.renner@med.va.gov
SOURCE
  Journal of Dual Diagnosis (2007) 3:2 (125-136). Date of Publication: 22 Mar 
2007
ISSN
  1550-4263
  1550-4271 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Despite the high incidence of dual diagnosis patients in most treatment 
settings, psychiatrists have not been adequately trained to care for 
patients with substance use disorders and co-occurring psychiatric 
disorders. Brief rotations on detoxification or substance abuse 
rehabilitation units do not provide the type of training that is needed to 
develop the long-term management skills required to successfully treat these 
patients. Boston University Medical Center has developed an expanded 
addiction psychiatry curriculum that is coupled with a 2-year longitudinal 
rotation on a dual diagnosis outpatient unit. Residents receive in-depth 
training in cognitive behavioral and harm reduction therapy, motivational 
enhancement treatment, and addiction pharmacotherapy. Trainees need to work 
with psychiatrists who respect these patients and are willing to take 
responsibility to manage both SUD and co-occurring disorders. A longitudinal 
training experience is an ideal model for learning appropriate addiction 
treatment skills and for gaining confidence in the efficacy of these 
treatments. Copyright © by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  medical practice
  mental disease (diagnosis)
  psychiatrist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  behavior therapy
  cognition
  conference paper
  detoxification
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  diagnostic procedure
  differential diagnosis
  human
  medical profession
  motivation
  substance abuse
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007299504
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J374v03n02_14
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 732
TITLE
  Continuing education: Drugs of abuse: A pharmacist's guide
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tebbett I.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tebbett I.R.) Forensic Science Program, College of Pharmacy University of 
Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I.R. Tebbett, Forensic Science Program, College of Pharmacy University of 
Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
SOURCE
  Drug Topics (2007) 151:6. Date of Publication: 19 Mar 2007
ISSN
  0012-6616
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Advanstar Communications, One Park Avenue, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Drugs have been abused throughout history, suggesting that efforts to 
eradicate drug abuse will never be completely successful. One only has to 
look at tobacco as an example of a drug that everyone knows is harmful and 
addictive, and yet millions still use it. However, the good news is that, 
through education, fewer young people are choosing to smoke than in previous 
generations, but the cost to society through health care is still enormous. 
Similarly, attempts to legislate against drug use are not a solution. The 
prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s and '30s in the United States did little 
to prevent alcohol use and instead resulted in an increase in organized 
crime. Only through understanding the causes of drug abuse, identifying the 
symptoms and consequences, and educating the public can we make an impact on 
the numbers of lives affected by drug misuse. Pharmacists, tasked with 
filling prescriptions and counseling patients on drug use, are in an ideal 
position for identifying potential drug abuse and misuse, and as a resource 
as well for other healthcare professionals on the effects and dangers of 
drug misuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amphetamine derivative (drug comparison, pharmacology)
  anandamide
  atropine
  barbituric acid derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug toxicity, oral drug 
administration, parenteral drug administration, pharmacokinetics)
  benzodiazepine derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  cannabis (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  chlordiazepoxide (drug comparison)
  cocaine (drug comparison)
  codeine (drug therapy)
  dextromethorphan (drug therapy)
  dextropropoxyphene (drug therapy)
  diamorphine (drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, subcutaneous 
drug administration)
  diazepam (drug comparison, drug interaction)
  dihydrocodeine (drug therapy)
  diphenoxylate (drug therapy)
  dronabinol (pharmacology)
  ketamine (drug comparison, intravenous drug administration, oral drug 
administration)
  lorazepam (drug comparison)
  meprobamate
  methadone (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  morphine (buccal drug administration, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
intramuscular drug administration, intranasal drug administration, 
intraspinal drug administration, intravaginal drug administration, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, rectal drug administration, subcutaneous 
drug administration, sublingual drug administration)
  nalorphine (drug interaction)
  naloxone (drug interaction)
  opiate (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction, drug therapy, intravenous 
drug administration, oral drug administration, pharmacokinetics, 
pharmacology, transdermal drug administration)
  oxycodone (drug therapy)
  pethidine (drug therapy)
  phencyclidine (drug comparison, oral drug administration, pharmacokinetics)
  sedative agent (pharmacology)
  triazolam (drug comparison)
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anxiety disorder (drug therapy)
  constipation (side effect)
  coughing (drug therapy)
  diarrhea (drug therapy)
  drug control
  drug mechanism
  drug metabolism
  drug safety
  glaucoma (drug therapy)
  human
  lung edema (drug therapy)
  pain (drug therapy)
  pharmacist
  review
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  marinol
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  anandamide (94421-68-8)
  atropine (51-55-8, 55-48-1)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  dextromethorphan (125-69-9, 125-71-3)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  dihydrocodeine (125-28-0, 24204-13-5, 5965-13-9)
  diphenoxylate (3810-80-8, 915-30-0)
  dronabinol (7663-50-5)
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  meprobamate (57-53-4)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  nalorphine (1041-90-3, 57-29-4, 62-67-9)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  phencyclidine (77-10-1, 956-90-1)
  triazolam (28911-01-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007582601
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 733
TITLE
  Neurobiology of cocaine addiction: Implications for new pharmacotherapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kalivas P.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kalivas P.W., kalivasp@musc.edu) Department of Neurosciences, Medical 
University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
(Kalivas P.W., kalivasp@musc.edu) Department of Neurosciences, BSB403, 173 
Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.W. Kalivas, Department of Neurosciences, BSB403, 173 Ashley Ave., 
Charleston, SC 29425, United States. Email: kalivasp@musc.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal on Addictions (2007) 16:2 (71-78). Date of Publication: 
March/April 2007
ISSN
  1055-0496
  1521-0391 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Informa Healthcare, Telephone House, 69 - 77 Paul Street, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  The development of pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction has been 
disappointingly slow. However, new neurobiological knowledge of how the 
brain is changed by chronic pharmacological insult with cocaine is revealing 
novel targets for drug development. Certain drugs currently being tested in 
clinical trials tap into the underlying cocaine-induced neuroplasticity, 
including drugs promoting GABA or inhibiting glutamate transmission. Armed 
with rationales derived from a neurobiological perspective that cocaine 
addiction is a pharmacologically induced disease of neuroplasticity in brain 
circuits mediating normal reward learning, one can expect novel 
pharmacotherapies to emerge that directly target the biological pathology of 
addiction. Copyright © American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine (drug dose, drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 aminobutyric acid (endogenous compound)
  dopamine (endogenous compound)
  glutamic acid (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine dependence (etiology)
  neurobiology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptive behavior
  article
  brain function
  chronic drug administration
  dopamine brain level
  dopamine release
  dopaminergic activity
  dopaminergic nerve cell
  dopaminergic transmission
  GABAergic transmission
  human
  learning
  nerve cell plasticity
  reward
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  4 aminobutyric acid (28805-76-7, 56-12-2)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  dopamine (51-61-6, 62-31-7)
  glutamic acid (11070-68-1, 138-15-8, 56-86-0, 6899-05-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (5)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007199780
MEDLINE PMID
  17453607 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17453607)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490601184142
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 734
TITLE
  Mechanisms of prescription drug diversion among drug-Involved club- and 
street-based populations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Inciardi J.A.
  Surratt H.L.
  Kurtz S.P.
  Cicero T.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Inciardi J.A., jainyc@aol.com; Surratt H.L.; Kurtz S.P.) Center for Drug 
and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, Coral Gables, FL 33134, United 
States.
(Cicero T.J.) School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.A. Inciardi, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, 
Coral Gables, FL 33134, United States. Email: jainyc@aol.com
SOURCE
  Pain Medicine (2007) 8:2 (171-183). Date of Publication: March 2007
ISSN
  1526-2375
  1526-4637 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective. Prescription drug diversion involves the unlawful channeling of 
regulated pharmaceuticals from legal sources to the illicit marketplace, and 
can occur along all points in the drug delivery process, from the original 
manufacturing site to the wholesale distributor, the physician's office, the 
retail pharmacy, or the patient. However, empirical data on diversion are 
limited. Method. In an attempt to develop a better understanding of how 
specific drug-using populations are diverting prescription opioids and other 
medications, or obtaining controlled drugs that have already been diverted, 
qualitative interviews and focus group data were collected on four separate 
populations of prescription drug abusers in Miami, Florida-club drug users, 
street-based illicit drug users, methadone maintenance patients, and HIV 
positive individuals who abuse and/or divert drugs. Results. Sources of 
abused prescription drugs cited by focus group participants were extremely 
diverse, including their physicians and pharmacists; parents and relatives; 
"doctor shopping" leftover supplies following an illness or injury; personal 
visits to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean; prescriptions intended 
for the treatment of mental illness; direct sales on the street and in 
nightclubs; pharmacy and hospital theft; through friends or acquaintances; 
under-the-door apartment flyers advertising telephone numbers to call; and 
"stealing from grandma's medicine cabinet." Conclusion. While doctor 
shoppers, physicians and the Internet receive much of the attention 
regarding diversion, the data reported in this paper suggest that there are 
numerous active street markets involving patients, Medicaid recipients and 
pharmacies as well. In addition, there are other data which suggest that the 
contributions of residential burglaries, pharmacy robberies and thefts, and 
"sneak thefts" to the diversion problem may be understated. © American 
Academy of Pain Medicine.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (drug toxicity)
  alcohol (drug toxicity)
  alprazolam (drug toxicity)
  antidepressant agent (drug toxicity)
  antiretrovirus agent (drug therapy, drug toxicity)
  cannabis (drug toxicity)
  cocaine (drug toxicity)
  codeine (drug toxicity)
  diamorphine (drug toxicity)
  diazepam (drug toxicity)
  efavirenz (drug therapy, drug toxicity)
  hydrocodone (drug toxicity)
  hydromorphone (drug toxicity)
  illicit drug (drug toxicity)
  methadone (drug therapy)
  methamphetamine (drug toxicity)
  methylphenidate (drug toxicity)
  morphine (drug toxicity)
  opiate (drug toxicity)
  oxycodone (drug toxicity, pharmacoeconomics)
  paroxetine (drug toxicity)
  phentermine (drug toxicity)
  quetiapine (drug toxicity)
  ritonavir (drug therapy, drug toxicity)
  sertraline (drug toxicity)
  sildenafil (drug toxicity)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  drug traffic
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  advertizing
  article
  Central America
  controlled study
  drug cost
  drug dependence (drug therapy)
  drug manufacture
  drug marketing
  female
  forgery
  friend
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy)
  information processing
  Internet
  interview
  major clinical study
  male
  medicaid
  mental disease
  Mexico
  parental behavior
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  physician
  prescription
  relative
  South America
  telephone
  theft
  United States
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  dilaudid
  norvir
  oxycontin
  paxil
  seroquel
  sustiva
  viagra
  xanax
  zoloft
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  efavirenz (154598-52-4)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  phentermine (1197-21-3, 122-09-8)
  quetiapine (111974-72-2)
  ritonavir (155213-67-5)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  sildenafil (139755-83-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007085076
MEDLINE PMID
  17305688 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17305688)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00255.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 735
TITLE
  Effect of tizanidine, rilmenidine, and yohimbine on naloxon-induced morphine 
withdrawal syndrome in mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hajhashemi V.
  Minaiyan M.
  Seyedabadi M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hajhashemi V., hajhashemi@pharm.mui.ac.ir; Minaiyan M.; Seyedabadi M.) 
Department of Pharmacology, The Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research 
Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Hajhashemi, Department of Pharmacology, The Isfahan Pharmaceutical 
Science Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 
Iran. Email: hajhashemi@pharm.mui.ac.ir
SOURCE
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2007) 6:2 (115-121). Date of 
Publication: Spring 2007
ISSN
  1735-0328
  1726-6890 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, 
Iran.
ABSTRACT
  In this study using clonidine (a mixed α(2)/ I(1), receptors agonist), 
tizanidine (pure α (2)-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (I(1), receptor 
agonist) and yohimbine (α(2)-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the 
role of imidazoline and α (2)-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. 
Morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of 
morphine in mice. After the last administration of morphine, clonidine (0.3 
mg/kg, i.p.), tizanidine (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) and rilmenidine (1.5 and 3 
mg/kg, i.p.), with/without pretreatment with yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were 
administered 30 min before naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) challenge. Withdrawal 
symptoms including: jumping, ptosis, piloerection, tremor and diarrhea were 
recorded. Rilmenidine (3 mg/kg) decreased naloxone-induced jumping and this 
effect was partially inhibited by yohimbine. Rilmenidine (1.5 mg/kg), 
tizanidine and clonidine had no significant effect on jumping. None of drugs 
influenced ptosis. All drugs increased piloerection and decreased diarrhea. 
Clonidine and tizanidine decreased tremor. We conclude that Imidazoline 
receptors as well as α(2) receptors are involved in morphine withdrawal 
symptoms and yohimbine as an α2-antagonist can suppress at least some 
effects of imidazoline agonists. It is suggested that α2-receptors are 
located down-stream to imidazoline receptors and their blockade can inhibit 
imidazoline effects. Copyright © 2007 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti 
University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine
  rilmenidine (drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  tizanidine (drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  yohimbine (drug comparison, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alpha 2 adrenergic receptor (endogenous compound)
  clonidine (drug comparison, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  imidazoline receptor (endogenous compound)
  naloxone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine addiction (drug therapy, etiology)
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy, etiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alpha adrenergic receptor blocking
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  diarrhea
  dose response
  drug dose comparison
  drug mechanism
  jumping
  male
  mouse
  nonhuman
  pathogenesis
  protein function
  ptosis
  reflex
  tremor
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (Switzerland)Novartis
   (United States)Sigma
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  rilmenidine (54187-04-1)
  tizanidine (51322-75-9, 64461-82-1)
  yohimbine (146-48-5, 65-19-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007565265
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 736
TITLE
  Current and future drug therapies for alcohol dependence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rosenthal R.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rosenthal R.N., rrosenthal@chpnet.org) Columbia University College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, 
United States.
(Rosenthal R.N., rrosenthal@chpnet.org) Columbia University College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, 1090 
Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.N. Rosenthal, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. 
Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, 1090 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, 
United States. Email: rrosenthal@chpnet.org
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2006) 26:6 SUPPL. 1 (S20-S29). Date 
of Publication: Dec 2006
ISSN
  0271-0749
ABSTRACT
  Managing the treatment of alcohol dependence is challenging due to the 
chronic, relapsing nature of the disease and the need for education about 
available pharmacotherapies. An increased understanding of the 
neurochemistry underlying alcohol dependence and improved clinical trial 
methodology has led to the development and use of medications in conjunction 
with psychosocial therapy for this disorder. Psychosocial interventions have 
been widely used as a method to support abstinence and reduce drinking 
behaviors; however, psychosocial support without pharmacological treatment 
has had limited success, with nearly half the patients relapsing within the 
first year. Currently, 3 US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs are 
available for the treatment of alcohol dependence-disulfiram, naltrexone 
(oral and injectable), and acamprosate. Each drug is effective in reducing 
drinking via different biological mechanisms. Acamprosate and naltrexone 
demonstrate promise in the successful management of chronic alcohol use. 
Meta-analyses of clinical trials show that acamprosate may be best for 
achieving outcomes such as maintaining complete abstinence, whereas oral 
naltrexone is best for decreasing the number of heavy drinking days. A 
long-acting injectable form of naltrexone demonstrated a reduced event rate 
of heavy drinking, consistent with oral naltrexone data. Although 
inconsistent in clinical efficacy outcomes, selective serotonin reuptake 
inhibitors may be beneficial in certain subsets of alcoholics. Other drugs 
currently being investigated for the treatment of alcohol dependence are 
serotonin type 3 antagonists, anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics. 
© 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acamprosate (clinical trial, drug combination, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration)
  amisulpride (drug therapy)
  anticonvulsive agent (drug therapy)
  disulfiram (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration)
  fluoxetine (drug therapy)
  haloperidol (drug therapy)
  naltrexone (clinical trial, drug combination, drug therapy, intramuscular 
drug administration, oral drug administration)
  naltrexone
  neuroleptic agent (drug therapy)
  olanzapine (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  ondansetron (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
  topiramate (clinical trial, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol abstinence
  alcohol consumption
  anxiety
  asthenia (side effect)
  behavior therapy
  cholestatic hepatitis
  clinical trial
  cognitive therapy
  conference paper
  constipation (side effect)
  decreased appetite (side effect)
  diaphoresis
  diarrhea (side effect)
  dizziness (side effect)
  fatigue (side effect)
  flatulence (side effect)
  flushing
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  headache (side effect)
  hepatitis (side effect)
  human
  injection site pain (side effect)
  insomnia (side effect)
  liver toxicity (side effect)
  memory disorder (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  nervousness
  neuritis (side effect)
  optic neuritis (side effect)
  paresthesia (side effect)
  priority journal
  pruritus (side effect)
  psychomotor retardation (side effect)
  psychosis (side effect)
  psychosocial care
  rash (side effect)
  relapse
  side effect (side effect)
  tachycardia (side effect)
  upper respiratory tract infection (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
  weight reduction
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  antabuse
  campral
  revia
  vivitrol
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acamprosate (77337-73-6)
  amisulpride (71675-85-9)
  disulfiram (97-77-8)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  olanzapine (132539-06-1)
  ondansetron (103639-04-9, 116002-70-1, 99614-01-4)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  topiramate (97240-79-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006567846
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.000246223.94119.cd
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 737
TITLE
  Wild plants used as medicinal purpose in Yalova (Northwest Turkey)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Koçyiǧit M.
  Özhatay N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Koçyiǧit M., minekocyigit@hotmail.com; Özhatay N.) Istanbul University, 
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 34416 
Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Koçyiǧit, Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of 
Pharmaceutical Botany, 34416 Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey. Email: 
minekocyigit@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2006) 3:2 (91-103). Date of 
Publication: 2006
ISSN
  1304-530X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Turkish Pharmacists Association, Willy Brandt Str. 9, Cankaya Ankara, 
Turkey.
ABSTRACT
  In this study, medicinal uses and methods of administration of 45 wild plant 
taxa belonging to 27 families in Yalova are documented. The plant specimens 
were collected with informants. During the field works all the settlements 
(58 villages) were visited. The information was recorded and the collected 
plants were identified and prepared voucher specimens were kept in the 
Herbarium of Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy (ISTE).
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  herbaceous agent (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmaceutics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  latex
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medicinal plant
  wild plant
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abscess (drug therapy)
  alcoholism (drug therapy)
  amenorrhea (drug therapy)
  anemia (drug therapy)
  anesthesia
  angiosperm
  Apiales
  Araliaceae
  arteriosclerosis (drug therapy)
  article
  Asteraceae
  asthma (drug therapy)
  bioinformatics
  bronchitis (drug therapy, side effect)
  burn (drug therapy)
  callus (drug therapy)
  Caprifoliaceae
  chicory
  chill (drug therapy)
  Clusiaceae
  common cold symptom (drug therapy)
  coughing (drug therapy)
  cucumber
  Cupressaceae
  cystitis (drug therapy)
  diabetes mellitus (side effect)
  drug synthesis
  eczema (drug therapy)
  embolism (drug therapy)
  epistaxis (drug therapy)
  Equisetaceae
  ethnobotany
  experimental study
  female sterility (drug therapy)
  flower
  fracture (drug therapy)
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  gingiva disease (drug therapy)
  headache (drug therapy)
  heart disease (drug therapy)
  heat stroke (drug therapy)
  hemorrhoid (drug therapy)
  hepatitis (drug therapy)
  herb
  herpes simplex (drug therapy)
  hip disease (drug therapy)
  human
  hypotension (drug therapy)
  infertility (drug therapy)
  insomnia (drug therapy)
  ischialgia (drug therapy)
  jaundice (drug therapy)
  kidney disease (drug therapy)
  knee pain (drug therapy)
  large intestine hemorrhage (drug therapy)
  liver disease (drug therapy)
  Malvaceae
  metritis (drug therapy)
  neoplasm (drug therapy)
  nephrolithiasis (drug therapy)
  nocturnal enuresis (drug therapy)
  Oleaceae
  otalgia (drug therapy)
  parasitosis (drug therapy)
  Plantaginaceae
  Poaceae
  prostatitis (drug therapy)
  Ranunculaceae
  respiratory tract infection (drug therapy)
  rheumatic disease (drug therapy)
  Rosaceae
  scabies (drug therapy)
  sinusitis (drug therapy)
  skin disease (side effect)
  snakebite (drug therapy)
  sore throat (drug therapy)
  stomach hemorrhage (drug therapy)
  stomach pain (drug therapy)
  stomach ulcer (drug therapy)
  tea
  tooth pain (drug therapy)
  Turkey (republic)
  ulcer (drug therapy)
  urethritis (drug therapy)
  Urticaceae
  verruca vulgaris (drug therapy)
  Vitaceae
  vitiligo (drug therapy)
  willow
  wound healing (drug therapy)
  Zygophyllaceae
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Turkish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007309084
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 738
TITLE
  Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability after single and multiple oral 
doses of varenicline in elderly smokers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Burstein A.H.
  Fullerton T.
  Clark D.J.
  Faessel H.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Burstein A.H.; Fullerton T.; Clark D.J.; Faessel H.M.) Department of 
Medical and Developmental Sciences, Groton, CT, United States.
(Faessel H.M.) Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 
Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, United States.
(Burstein A.H.) Pfizer Global R and D, Groton/New London Labs., MS8260-2505, 
Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.H. Burstein, Pfizer Global R and D, Groton/New London Labs., MS8260-2505, 
Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2006) 46:11 (1234-1240). Date of 
Publication: November 2006
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Varenicline is a novel selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine partial 
agonist developed for smoking cessation. This study investigated the single- 
and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of varenicline 
in elderly (≥65 years) smokers. Twenty-four elderly smokers with normal 
renal function for their age (estimated creatinine clearance ≥ 70 mL/min) 
received varenicline 1 mg once daily (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) for 7 days, 
or 1 mg twice daily (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) for 6 days with a single dose 
on day 7 in a double-blind, parallel group and placebo-controlled design. 
There was no evidence of concentration- or time-dependent changes in 
varenicline pharmacokinetics upon repeat dosing. Once- and twice-daily 
dosing was associated with an approximate 2-fold and 3-fold increase, 
respectively, in systemic exposure to varenicline. Varenicline was well 
tolerated; all adverse events reported were mild to moderate in intensity. 
Thus, no dose adjustment is necessary based on age alone. ©2006 the American 
College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  varenicline (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
  alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist (adverse drug 
reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy)
  creatinine (endogenous compound)
  nicotinic agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug 
therapy)
  nicotinic receptor (endogenous compound)
  partial agonist (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug 
therapy)
  placebo
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  area under the curve
  article
  asthenia (side effect)
  backache (side effect)
  chill (side effect)
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  constipation (side effect)
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  creatinine clearance
  disease severity
  dizziness (side effect)
  double blind procedure
  drug blood level
  drug clearance
  drug dose regimen
  drug exposure
  drug half life
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
  dyspepsia (side effect)
  female
  headache (side effect)
  human
  male
  multiple drug dose
  nausea (side effect)
  pain (side effect)
  randomized controlled trial
  renal clearance
  single drug dose
  somnolence (side effect)
  taste disorder (side effect)
  tremor (side effect)
  United States
  vomiting (side effect)
  xerostomia (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  creatinine (19230-81-0, 60-27-5)
  varenicline (249296-44-4, 375815-87-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006504176
MEDLINE PMID
  17050788 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17050788)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270006291837
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 739
TITLE
  A capital approach: Tobacco treatment and cessation within Nova Scotia's 
Capital Health District.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jolemore S.
  Steeves D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jolemore S.; Steeves D.) Capital Health Addiction Prevention & Treatment 
Services, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Jolemore, Capital Health Addiction Prevention & Treatment Services, 
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
SOURCE
  Healthcare quarterly (Toronto, Ont.) (2006) 9:3 (66-70). Date of 
Publication: 2006
ISSN
  1710-2774
ABSTRACT
  Inspired by Nova Scotia's comprehensive Tobacco Control Strategy and in an 
effort to support Capital Health's 100% smoke-free policy, the Addiction 
Prevention and Treatment Services (APTS) branch of Capital District Health 
Authority researched, designed and implemented an innovative tobacco 
intervention program. The success of the Capital approach, combining peer 
support, adult education concepts, addictions treatment knowledge, and free 
pharmacological aids, has sparked interest and dialogue among Canadian and 
American addictions professionals. The following article describes the 
rationale, guiding principles, key components and future directions of 
APTS's "To Be Tobacco Free" program.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  smoking (prevention)
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Canada
  counseling
  government regulation
  health care policy
  human
  legal aspect
  methodology
  organization
  organization and management
  program development
  residential care
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  16826769 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16826769)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 740
TITLE
  Prescription drug abuse: What is being done to address this new drug 
epidemic? Testimony before the subcommittee on criminal justice, drug policy 
and human resources
AUTHOR NAMES
  Manchikanti L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Manchikanti L., drm@apex.net) American Society of Interventional Pain 
Physicians, Paducah, KY, United States.
(Manchikanti L., drm@apex.net) Pain Management Center of Paducah, 2831 Lone 
Oak Road, Paducah, KY 42003, United States.
(Manchikanti L., drm@apex.net) Department of Anesthesiology and 
Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Manchikanti, 2831 Lone Oak Road, Paducah, KY 42003, United States. Email: 
drm@apex.net
SOURCE
  Pain Physician (2006) 9:4 (287-321). Date of Publication: October 2006
ISSN
  1533-3159
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, Pain Physicians, 81 
Lakeview Drive, Paducah, United States.
ABSTRACT
  This comprehensive health policy review of the prescription drug abuse 
epidemic is based on the written and oral testimony of witnesses at a July 
26, 2006 Congressional Hearing, including that of Laxmaiah Manchikanti, MD, 
the chief executive officer of the American Society of Interventional Pain 
Physicians and additions from review of the literature. Honorable Mark E. 
Souder, chairman of the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and 
Human Resources, introduced the issue as follows: "Prescription drug abuse 
today is second only to marijuana abuse. In the most recent household 
survey, initiates to drug abuse started with prescription drugs (especially 
pain medications) more often than with marijuana. The abuse of prescription 
drugs is facilitated by easy access (via physicians, the Internet, and the 
medicine cabinet) and a perception of safety (since the drugs are FDA 
approved). in addition to the personal toll of drug abuse using prescription 
drugs, indirect costs associated with prescription drug abuse and diversion 
include product theft, commission of other crimes to support addiction, law 
enforcement costs, and encouraging the practice of defensive medicine." The 
Administration witnesses, Bertha Madras, Nora D. Volkow, MD, Sandra Kweder, 
MD, and Joe Rannazzisi reviewed the problem of drug abuse and discussed what 
is being done at the present time as well as future strategies to combat 
drug abuse, including prescription drug monitoring programs, reducing 
malprescriptions, public education, eliminating Internet drug pharmacies, 
and the development of future drugs which are not only tamper-resistant but 
also non-addictive. The second panel, consisting of consumers and advocates, 
included Misty Fetco, Linda Surks, and Barbara van Rooyan, all of whom lost 
their children to drugs, presented their stories and strategies to prevent 
drug abuse, focusing on education at all levels, development of resistant 
drugs, and non-opioid treatment of chronic pain. Mathea Falco, JD, and 
Stephen E. Johnson presented issues related to drug abuse and measures to 
curb drug abuse by various means. Stephen J. Pasierb presented startling 
statistics on teen drug abuse and various educational programs to deter 
abuse. Laxmaiah Manchikanti, MD presented an overview of prescription drug 
abuse, strategies to prevent drug abuse, including immediate funding and 
rapid implementation of NASPER, education at all levels and improving 
relations with the DEA and the provider community.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine
  alprazolam
  analgesic agent (drug therapy)
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug therapy)
  cannabis
  carisoprodol
  clonazepam
  cocaine
  diamorphine
  diazepam
  dopamine (endogenous compound)
  fentanyl
  hydrocodone (drug therapy)
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus ibuprofen
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol (drug therapy)
  hydromorphone
  illicit drug
  lorazepam
  methadone (drug therapy)
  methylphenidate (intravenous drug administration, oral drug administration, 
pharmacology)
  morphine sulfate
  opiate (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy, oral 
drug administration, pharmacoeconomics)
  oxycodone (drug therapy, pharmaceutics)
  oxycodone plus paracetamol
  oxycodone plus paracetamol
  paracetamol
  perocet
  placebo
  psychedelic agent
  sedative agent
  tranquilizer
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain (disease management, drug therapy)
  criminal justice
  drug misuse (disease management, prevention)
  health care policy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cancer pain (drug therapy)
  cannabis addiction
  clinical trial
  controlled release formulation
  cost of illness
  criminal behavior
  drug cost
  drug dependence treatment
  drug efficacy
  drug safety
  epidemic
  food and drug administration
  health care access
  health care financing
  health education
  health program
  human
  Internet
  law enforcement
  low back pain (drug therapy)
  malpractice
  patient attitude
  pharmacy
  prescription
  review
  tablet formulation
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  astramorph
  ativan
  dilaudid
  duramorph
  klonopin
  lorcet
  lortab
  ms contin
  oxycontin
  perocet
  remoxy  Pain Therapeutics

  ritalin
  roxanol
  roxicet
  soma
  tylenol
  valium
  vicodin
  xanax
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Pain Therapeutics
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  carisoprodol (78-44-4)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  dopamine (51-61-6, 62-31-7)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006551514
MEDLINE PMID
  17066115 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17066115)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 741
TITLE
  Prevalence of drug-related problems and cost-savings opportunities in 
Medicaid high utilizers identified by a pharmacist-run drug regimen review 
center
AUTHOR NAMES
  LaFleur J.
  McBeth C.
  Gunning K.
  Oderda L.
  Steinvoort C.
  Oderda G.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (LaFleur J., joanne.lafleur@pharm.utah.edu; McBeth C.; Gunning K.; Oderda 
L.; Steinvoort C.; Oderda G.M.) Drug Regimen Review Center, Department of 
Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, 
United States.
(LaFleur J., joanne.lafleur@pharm.utah.edu) 421 Wakara Way, #208, Salt Lake 
City, UT 84108, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. LaFleur, 421 Wakara Way, #208, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States. 
Email: joanne.lafleur@pharm.utah.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy (2006) 12:8 (677-685). Date of Publication: 
October 2006
ISSN
  1083-4087
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP), 100 North Pitt St., Suite 400, 
Alexandria, United States.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Despite numerous reports of state Medicaid drug utilization 
review (DUR) programs, little data are available about the prevalence of 
drug-related problems (DRPs) in Medicaid patients. A university-based, 
pharmacist-run DUR program for high utilizers was created as an alternative 
to imposition of a statutory limit of 7 medications per month in the Utah 
Medicaid program in 2002. The DUR program was designed to suggest ways that 
high-utilizing patients could decrease their total number of medications to 
7 or fewer prior to imposition of the 7-medication limit at some time in the 
future. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience in 1 Medicaid DUR program and 
to report the prevalence of DRPs and cost-saving opportunities (CSOs) among 
a population of Medicaid recipients who were high utilizers of prescription 
drugs. METHODS: DRPs were identified by 5 clinical pharmacists employed by 
the Drug Regimen Review Center (DRRC) in Salt Lake City. The purpose of the 
center was to provide drug therapy review services for a select number of 
Utah Medicaid recipients (200-300 per month) who exceeded a 7-medication 
limit during the calendar years 2003 and 2004. RESULTS: Out of 391,890 
eligible Medicaid recipients, 242,411 (62%) received at least 1 medication, 
and 16,958 (4.3%) exceeded the 7-medication limit during the review period. 
Of those exceeding the limit, the DRRC reviewed a total of 3,706 (21.9%) 
patients, representing the highest utilizers by volume of medication. The 
prevalence of DRPs considered clinically important in the review cohort was 
79.7% of patients, including therapeutic duplications in 54.6% of patients, 
dose form optimization in 29.7%, and inappropriate uncoordinated care in 
25.3%. The average pharmacy cost per month for patients with at least 1 DRP 
was $1,081; by contrast, the average pharmacy cost per month for all other 
patients receiving at least 1 prescription was $91. CONCLUSIONS: 
Approximately 4% of Medicaid recipients exceeded the 7-medication monthly 
limit. Among the 22% highest utilizers in this group, 48% of nursing home 
residents and 87% of ambulatory recipients had at least 1 DRP, or an overall 
rate of 80% of high-use Medicaid recipients or as much as 3.2% of the 
Medicaid population. Copyright© 2006, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. All 
rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aciclovir (drug therapy)
  adrenalin
  amfebutamone
  amitriptyline (adverse drug reaction)
  atorvastatin
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent
  carisoprodol (drug therapy)
  ciprofloxacin (drug interaction, pharmacology)
  citalopram
  diphenhydramine (adverse drug reaction)
  erythromycin (adverse drug reaction)
  hydrochlorothiazide (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  hydrocodone (drug combination)
  hyoscyamine (adverse drug reaction)
  ipratropium bromide plus salbutamol
  paracetamol (drug combination)
  paroxetine
  promethazine (adverse drug reaction)
  propranolol
  quetiapine (drug therapy)
  rosuvastatin
  salbutamol
  serotonin uptake inhibitor
  sertraline
  sumatriptan (adverse drug reaction)
  theophylline (drug interaction, pharmacology)
  thioridazine (adverse drug reaction)
  unindexed drug
  venlafaxine (adverse drug reaction, drug dose)
  ziprasidone (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug induced disease (epidemiology)
  drug use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  blurred vision (side effect)
  confusion (side effect)
  controlled study
  cost control
  drug inhibition
  drug potentiation
  female
  genital herpes (drug therapy)
  health care cost
  health care policy
  health care utilization
  health program
  health service
  heart arrest (side effect)
  heart infarction (side effect)
  human
  hypertension (drug therapy, side effect)
  major clinical study
  male
  medicaid
  mucosal dryness (side effect)
  musculoskeletal disease (drug therapy)
  pharmacist
  prescription
  QT prolongation (side effect)
  recommended drug dose
  schizophrenia (drug therapy)
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  torsade des pointes (side effect)
  treatment duration
  United States
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
  urine retention (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  combivent
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aciclovir (59277-89-3)
  adrenalin (51-43-4, 55-31-2, 6912-68-1)
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  atorvastatin (134523-00-5, 134523-03-8)
  carisoprodol (78-44-4)
  ciprofloxacin (85721-33-1)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  diphenhydramine (147-24-0, 58-73-1)
  erythromycin (114-07-8, 70536-18-4)
  hydrochlorothiazide (58-93-5)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  hyoscyamine (101-31-5, 306-03-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  promethazine (58-33-3, 60-87-7)
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
  quetiapine (111974-72-2)
  rosuvastatin (147098-18-8, 147098-20-2)
  salbutamol (18559-94-9)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  sumatriptan (103628-46-2)
  theophylline (58-55-9, 5967-84-0, 8055-07-0, 8061-56-1, 99007-19-9)
  thioridazine (130-61-0, 50-52-2)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
  ziprasidone (118289-78-4, 122883-93-6, 138982-67-9, 199191-69-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007448441
MEDLINE PMID
  17269846 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17269846)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 742
TITLE
  Workplace-based cardiovascular risk management by community pharmacists: 
Impact on blood pressure, lipid levels, and weight
AUTHOR NAMES
  John E.J.
  Vavra T.
  Farris K.
  Currie J.
  Doucette W.
  Button-Neumann B.
  Osterhaus M.
  Kumbera P.
  Halterman T.
  Bullock T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (John E.J.; Vavra T.; Farris K., karen-farris@uiowa.edu; Currie J.; Doucette 
W.) Division of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
(Button-Neumann B.) Division of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, 
University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas, MO, United States.
(Osterhaus M.; Bullock T.) Osterhaus Pharmacy, Maquoketa, IA, United States.
(Kumbera P.; Halterman T.) Outcomes Pharmaceutical Health Care, Des Moines, 
IA, United States.
(Farris K., karen-farris@uiowa.edu) S512 PHAR, University of Iowa College of 
Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA 52242-1112, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Farris, S512 PHAR, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA 
52242-1112, United States. Email: karen-farris@uiowa.edu
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2006) 26:10 (1511-1517). Date of Publication: October 2006
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc., 750 Washington Street, Boston, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Study Objective. To assess the effectiveness of a community 
pharmacist-delivered cardiovascular case-management program by comparing 
body mass index (weight), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and full 
lip id profile at the beginning of the program with these outcome measures 
at the end of the program. Design. Retrospective data analysis using billing 
data submitted between July 1, 2001, and October 31, 2004, with a pre-post 
design in which subjects served as their own controls. Setting. 
Manufacturing workplace in rural Iowa. Participants. Fifty-six workers with 
risk factors for cardiovascular disease (mean age 40.67 yrs), 37 had 
diabetes mellitus and 19 did not. Intervention. During visits to the 
workers, pharmacists provided education about cardiovascular disease, 
identification of drug therapy problems, and importance of routine blood 
pressure, pulse, and weight measurements; they communicated with 
participants' physicians as needed. Measurements and Main Results. The 
number of pharmacist visits/ participant ranged from 1-13 (mean ± SD 6.97 ± 
3.05). Outcome measures were weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, 
full lipid profiles (in patients with diabetes), and percentage of patients 
achieving treatment goal by the end of the 3 years. Statistically 
significant differences between the first and last visits were achieved for 
both systolic (124.12 ± 11.07 and 120.36 ± 14.39 mm Hg, respectively, 
p=0.016) and diastolic (80.4 ± 9.01 and 77.43 ± 9.14 mm Hg, respectively, 
p=0.019) blood pressure. The 19 patients without diabetes showed a 
statistically significant improvement in diastolic blood pressure (p=0.039), 
but the 37 patients with diabetes did not show a significant difference. A 
nonsignificant increase was seen in the percentage of patients with diabetes 
achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level goal between the 
first and last visits (p=0.06). Conclusion. A cardiovascular case-management 
program delivered in the workplace to middle-aged working adults by 
community pharmacists improved blood pressure and reduced LDL levels. The 
program was not effective, however, in weight reduction.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  lipid (endogenous compound)
  low density lipoprotein cholesterol (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cardiovascular risk
  workplace
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  body mass
  diabetes mellitus
  diastolic blood pressure
  female
  human
  lipid blood level
  major clinical study
  male
  pharmacist
  rural area
  systolic blood pressure
  weight reduction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  lipid (66455-18-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006492183
MEDLINE PMID
  16999661 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16999661)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.26.10.1511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 743
TITLE
  Analgesic effect of cestrum nocturnum L. extract on mice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Huang L.-G.
  Zhang X.-C.
  Xiao H.
  Ye H.-Y.
  Zeng J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Huang L.-G.) Center for Education, Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou 341000 
Jiangxi Province, China.
(Zhang X.-C.) Department of Clinical Speciality, Gannan Medical College, 
Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi Province, China.
(Xiao H.; Ye H.-Y.; Zeng J.) Department of Pharmacology, Gannan Medical 
College, Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi Province, China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Zheng, Department of Pharmacology, Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou 341000 
Jiangxi Province, China.
SOURCE
  Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation (2006) 10:35 (172-174). Date of 
Publication: 20 Sep 2006
ISSN
  1671-5926
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative, P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang, China.
ABSTRACT
  Background: It has been considered that Cestrum nocturnum L. (CNL) has the 
effects of antiarrhythmia, local anesthesia and central inhibition. 
Objective: To. investigate the analgesic effect of CNL extract on mice, so 
as to find new drugs for clinical treatment of pain. Design: A randomized 
control observation. Setting: Center of Modern Education and Department of 
Pharmacology, Gannan Medical College. Materials: The experiments were 
carried out in the laboratory of scientific research center, Gannan Medical 
College between March and April in 2005. 1 A total of 150 healthy adult 
Kunming mice were used in four independent experiments. 2 Drugs: CNL extract 
was provided by the Department of Phytochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical 
University (batch number: 2002080901), morphine hydrochloride injection by 
Shenyang No.1 Pharmaceutical Factory (batch number: 000305), and naloxone 
hydrochloride injection by Yanqiao (Hunan) Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., (batch 
number: 20021109). Methods: 1 Effects of CNL extract on writhing times 
induced by acetic acid: Forty female mice were randomly divided into four 
groups with 10 mice in each, and they were treated with intraperitoneal 
injections of 0.02 mUg saline, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extract and 0.10 mg/g 
aminophenazone respectively. The intraperineal injection of 6 g/L glacial 
acetic acid was given after 15 minutes. The writhing times of mice within 15 
minutes were observed and recorded in each group. 2 Effects of CNL extract 
on the pain induced by hot pla in mice: Forty female mice were randomly 
divided into four groups with 10 mice in each, and they were treated with 
intraperineal injections of 0.02 mL/g saline, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extract 
and 0.10 mg/g morphine respectively. The pain responses were detected at 15, 
30 and 60 minutes after administration. 3 The antagonistic effect of 
naloxone on morphine and CNL extract to the pain induced by hot plate in 
mice: Thirty female mice were randomly divided into three groups with 10 
mice in each group, and they were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.02 
mL/g saline, naloxone 0.004 mg/g +morphine 0.01 mg/g and naloxone 0.004 
mg/g+CNL extract 0.01 mg/g respectively. The pain responses were detected at 
15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration respectively. 4 Effects of CNL 
extract on electrostimulation induced pain in mice: Forty mice were randomly 
divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group, and they were 
administrated with intraperineal injections of 0.02 mL/g saline, 0.10 and 
0.20 mg/g CNL extract and 1 g/L morphine respectively. Repeated 
electrostimulations were given at 20, 35, 50 and 70 minutes after 
administration, and the pain responses were detected by means of 
electrostimulation. Main Outcome Measures: 1 Writhing times; 2 Time for the 
pain response induced by hot plate; 3 Analgesic rate induced by 
electrostimulation. Results: Totally 150 healthy adult Kunming mice were 
used in the four independent experiments, and all were involved in the 
analysis of results. 1 Writhing times in the mice: 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL 
extracts and 0.10 mg/g aminophenazone had very significant analgesic effects 
on writhing induced by acetic acid in mice, and the writhing times after 
administration were all fewer than those in the saline group (20.2±10.8, 
14.5±7.6, 7.6±4.5, 50.6±15.5, P < 0.01), and the analgesic effects of CNL 
extract were dose-dependently. 2 Time for the pain response induced by hot 
plate: 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extracts had significant analgesic effects on 
the pain induced by hot plate, and the time for pain sensation at 15, 30 and 
60 minutes after administration were all longer than those in the saline 
group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the analgesic effect was dose-dependently. 
The times for pain sensation at each time point after administration in the 
naloxone 0.004 mg/g+CNL extract 0.01 mg/g group were all longer than those 
in the saline group, but those were close between the naloxone 0.004 mg/g+ 
morphine 0.01 mg/g group and the saline group. 3 Analgesic rate induced by 
electrostimulation in the mice: The analgesic rates at 20, 35, 50 and 70 
minutes after administration in the CNL extract 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g groups 
were all higher than those in the saline group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our 
data suggested that CNL extract has obvious analgesic effect, and the 
analgesic intensity is dose-dependently. Naloxone, an opiate receptor 
antagonist, can antagonize the analgesic effect of morphine, but cannot 
antagonize that of CNL extract on mice with pain induced by hot plate, which 
indicates that CNL extract exert its analgesic role not through binding with 
opiate receptor.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesic agent (drug combination, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
  Cestrum nocturnum extract (drug combination, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
  Chinese drug (drug combination, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aminophenazone (drug comparison, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration)
  morphine (drug combination, drug comparison, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
intraperitoneal drug administration)
  naloxone (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, intraperitoneal 
drug administration)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesic activity
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  Cestrum
  Cestrum nocturnum
  controlled study
  drug efficacy
  drug potentiation
  electrostimulation
  female
  male
  mouse
  nonhuman
  pain (drug therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aminophenazone (58-15-1, 8058-63-7)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Chinese
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007043534
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 744
TITLE
  Knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists concerning prescription 
drug abuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lafferty L.
  Hunter T.S.
  Marsh W.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lafferty L.) In Depth Programs, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Hunter T.S.) University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, OK, United 
States.
(Marsh W.A.) Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, 
United States.
(Hunter T.S.) University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, 4502 East 41st 
Street, Tulsa, OK 74135, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.S. Hunter, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, 4502 East 41st 
Street, Tulsa, OK 74135, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2006) 38:3 (229-232). Date of Publication: 
September 2006
ISSN
  0279-1072
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Haight-Ashbury Publications, 612 Clayton Street, San Francisco, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and professional practices of 
pharmacists regarding addiction and patient use of controlled medications. 
This research project explored the relationship between pharmacy education, 
perceived and actual knowledge, and professional interactions as it pertains 
to problems surrounding dependency and addiction. A questionnaire of 25 
items was administered at three separate continuing education programs in 
Florida in 2005. A total of 484 surveys were completed. Pharmacists (67.5%) 
reported participating in two hours or less of addiction/substance abuse 
education in pharmacy school. Of particular concern was that 29.2% reported 
having received no addiction education. Pharmacists who had greater amounts 
of addiction-specific education had a higher likelihood of correctly 
answering questions relating to the science of addiction and substance abuse 
counseling. In addition, pharmacists who reported more education counseled 
patients more frequently and felt more confident about counseling. A 
majority of respondents (53.7%) reported that they had never referred a 
patient to drug treatment in their career. These findings suggest that the 
neurobiological basis for addictive diseases, standards of care, and pain 
management guidelines were not widely understood by the sample. More 
research should be undertaken to determine the educational needs of 
practicing pharmacists to enable them to assume a leadership role in 
detecting, preventing, and treating prescription drug abuse.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  pharmacist attitude
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  career
  continuing education
  demography
  human
  neurobiology
  pain
  professional practice
  questionnaire
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006564123
MEDLINE PMID
  17165365 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17165365)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 745
TITLE
  An exploratory study of socio-cultural factors contributing to prescription 
drug misuse among college students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Quintero G.
  Peterson J.
  Young B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Quintero G.) Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, United 
States.
(Peterson J.) Edward R. Murrow School of Communication, Washington State 
University, United States.
(Young B.) Departments of Anthropology and Public Health, University of New 
Mexico, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Quintero, Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Drug Issues (2006) 36:4 (903-932). Date of Publication: Fall 2006
ISSN
  0022-0426
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Journal of Drug Issues Inc., Hecht House, 634 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Although recent increases in collegiate prescription drug misuse have 
generated a great deal of concern, there are few analyses available that 
examine the socio-cultural factors influencing these trends. This article 
attempts to address this gap in knowledge by providing an analysis of 
several socio-cultural factors influencing pharmaceutical misuse by college 
students. Prescription drugs are put to a number of different purposes in 
the collegiate setting, including self-medication, socio-recreation, and 
academic functioning. Such misuse is acceptable in a social context where 
individuals deliberately attempt to experiment with drugs. Widespread 
knowledge regarding effects, dosages, and compatibilities with other drugs, 
coupled with the extensive availability of pharmaceuticals in collegiate 
social circles, makes this class of drugs an attractive alternative to other 
psychoactive substances. These factors underscore several implications for 
substance abuse prevention efforts on college campuses and suggest a number 
of important issues for further research. © 2006 by the Journal of Drug 
Issues.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alprazolam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  amfebutamone (drug toxicity)
  amitriptyline (drug toxicity)
  amphetamine (drug toxicity)
  antidepressant agent (drug toxicity)
  caffeine (drug toxicity)
  carisoprodol (drug toxicity)
  clonazepam (drug toxicity)
  dextropropoxyphene (drug toxicity)
  diazepam (drug toxicity)
  fexofenadine (drug toxicity)
  fluoxetine (drug toxicity)
  gabapentin (drug toxicity)
  hydrocodone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol (drug toxicity)
  ketamine (drug toxicity)
  lorazepam (drug toxicity)
  methylphenidate (drug toxicity)
  neuroleptic agent (drug toxicity)
  opiate (drug toxicity)
  oxycodone (drug toxicity)
  oxycodone plus paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  pethidine (drug toxicity)
  phenobarbital (drug toxicity)
  phentermine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  sildenafil (drug toxicity)
  tramadol (drug toxicity)
  trazodone (drug toxicity)
  unindexed drug
  zolpidem tartrate (drug toxicity)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  adult
  article
  college student
  controlled study
  cultural factor
  drug dependence (side effect)
  female
  human
  interview
  male
  morphine addiction (side effect)
  narcotic dependence (side effect)
  obesity (drug therapy)
  pain (drug therapy)
  prescription
  recreation
  self medication
  sleep disorder (drug therapy)
  social aspect
  substance abuse
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  percocet
  xanax
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  carisoprodol (78-44-4)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  fexofenadine (138452-21-8)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  phenobarbital (50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0)
  phentermine (1197-21-3, 122-09-8)
  sildenafil (139755-83-2)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
  zolpidem tartrate (99294-93-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007034858
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 746
TITLE
  Alcohol use in Czech pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Trojáčková A.
  Višňovský P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Trojáčková A., trojackova.alena@vlada.cz; Višňovský P.) Faculty of Pharmacy 
in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech 
Republic.
(Trojáčková A., trojackova.alena@vlada.cz) National Monitoring Centre for 
Drugs and Drug Addiction, Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, 
Prague, Czech Republic.
(Trojáčková A., trojackova.alena@vlada.cz) Office of the Government of the 
Czech Republic, National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 
Nabrezi Edvarda Benese 4, 118 01 Prague 1, Czech Republic.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Trojáčková, Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, National 
Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Nabrezi Edvarda Benese 4, 
118 01 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Email: trojackova.alena@vlada.cz
SOURCE
  Central European Journal of Public Health (2006) 14:3 (117-121). Date of 
Publication: September 2006
ISSN
  1210-7778
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Czech National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, Prague, Czech 
Republic.
ABSTRACT
  In academic years 2002/3-2004/5, the use of alcohol was investigated by 
anonymous questionnaire in 1,032 first and third year pharmacy students in 
the Czech Republic. Frequencies of beer, wine and spirits use, the age of 
the first contact with alcoholic beverages, the age of the first drunkenness 
and the frequency of drunkenness in the last month were ascertained. Average 
age of the first contact with alcoholic beverages was 12.9 years. 40.5% and 
10.9% of students reported regular and hazardous drinking, respectively, 
with significantly higher proportion of men than women. Hazardous alcohol 
drinking significantly increased between academic years 2002/3 and 2004/5, 
no significant differences were found in the proportion of non-drinkers and 
regular alcohol drinkers over the 3-year-period of the survey. Both regular 
and hazardous drinking patterns were significantly related to the financial 
situation of the students. Significant associations were also found between 
alcohol consumption and using of both licit and illicit drugs of abuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  illicit drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol intoxication
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  adult
  alcohol consumption
  article
  controlled study
  Czech Republic
  drug abuse
  female
  health survey
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  pharmacy student
  questionnaire
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006466604
MEDLINE PMID
  17152222 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17152222)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 747
TITLE
  Teaching pharmacovigilance to medical students and doctors
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shankar P.R.
  Subish P.
  Mishra P.
  Dubey A.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shankar P.R., ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com; Subish P.; Mishra P.; Dubey A.K.) 
Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, 
Nepal.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.R. Shankar, Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Medical 
Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Email: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
SOURCE
  Indian Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 38:5 (316-319). Date of Publication: 
Sep 2006
ISSN
  0253-7613
ABSTRACT
  The World Health Organisation defines pharmacovigilance as 'the 
pharmacological science and activities relating to the detection, 
assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other 
drug-related problem'. Pharmacovigilance plays an important role in ensuring 
drug safety. Hence, every country needs a functioning pharmacovigilance 
programme. Pharmacovigilance is being taught, in theory, in many developed 
countries, but the practical approach is missing in developing countries. 
Pharmacovigilance should ideally be taught to small groups of medical 
students, interns, postgraduates and practitioners by linking it to the 
activities of a functioning pharmacovigilance centre in a teaching hospital. 
It should be activity-based, problem-based and linked to the rational use of 
medicines. Students should be trained during their internship and residency. 
The non-inclusion of pharmacovigilance in university syllabi and 
unfamiliarity with problem-based learning could prove to be stumbling blocks 
to the success of the concept. Pharmacologists should create awareness on 
pharmacovigilance among doctors of other specialities and enlist their 
support in teaching the subject.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug surveillance program
  medical student
  physician
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  curriculum
  developed country
  developing country
  medical education
  medical specialist
  postmarketing surveillance
  review
  teaching
  teaching hospital
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006500452
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 748
TITLE
  Impact of commercial support on continuing pharmacy education.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Smith J.L.
  Cervero R.M.
  Valentine T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Smith J.L.; Cervero R.M.; Valentine T.) Office of Faculty Affairs, 
University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.L. Smith, Office of Faculty Affairs, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 
30602, USA.
SOURCE
  The Journal of continuing education in the health professions (2006) 26:4 
(302-312). Date of Publication: 2006 Fall
ISSN
  0894-1912
ABSTRACT
  INTRODUCTION: There is a serious debate over the involvement of the 
pharmaceutical industry in continuing education. Policies that govern the 
planning of continuing education for pharmacists center on the potential 
conflict of interest when there is commercial support for programs. The 
purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of commercial support on 
the provision and perceived outcomes of continuing pharmacy education. 
METHODS: A survey was administered online to a national sample of accredited 
providers of continuing pharmacy education, resulting in 134 responses. The 
64-item survey was developed to measure the planning practices of these 
providers and their perceptions of the educational and noneducational 
consequences of commercial support for continuing education. RESULTS: One 
hundred thirty-four usable questionnaires (34%) were received from 386 
leaders in pharmacy education. Approximately 86% of providers and 43% of 
programs received commercial support. Although the Accreditation Council for 
Pharmacy Education requires that providers review instructional content and 
materials for commercially supported programs before delivery, only 43% 
always did so. Commercial support was perceived to have consequences for 
provider organizations, pharmacists, and patients, such as increased cost 
and use of drugs and financial dependency of providers and participants on 
industry support. DISCUSSION: The results of our study lead to the 
conclusions that commercial support of continuing education is widespread, 
affects continuing education programs, and is perceived to have significant 
educational and noneducational consequences. The profession should ensure 
that continuing education guidelines are unambiguous related to specific 
practices that are allowable and unallowable when receiving commercial 
support. Future research should study the consequences of commercial support 
behaviorally by examining the effects on pharmacy professionals' practice 
and pharmaceutical care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug industry
  education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  conflict of interest
  health care quality
  human
  questionnaire
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17163494 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163494)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 749
TITLE
  Epidemiology of medication-related adverse events in nursing homes
AUTHOR NAMES
  Handler S.M.
  Wright R.M.
  Ruby C.M.
  Hanlon J.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Handler S.M., handlersm@upmc.edu; Wright R.M.; Hanlon J.T.) Division of 
Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 
PA, United States.
(Handler S.M., handlersm@upmc.edu) Department of Biomedical Informatics, 
School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Ruby C.M.; Hanlon J.T.) Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of 
Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Hanlon J.T.) Center for Health Equity Research, Geriatric Research 
Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare 
System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.M. Handler, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School 
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. Email: handlersm@upmc.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal Geriatric Pharmacotherapy (2006) 4:3 (264-272). Date of 
Publication: September 2006
ISSN
  1543-5946
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc., 105 Raider Blvd, Suite 101, Hillsborough, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Nursing home residents are prescribed more medications than 
patients in any other clinical setting. Although pharmacotherapy for older 
nursing home residents is usually safe and effective, it can lead to 
medication-related adverse events such as adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 
adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWEs), and therapeutic failures (TFs). 
Objective: This article reviews the descriptive (incidence) and analytic 
(risk factor) epidemiology of medication-related adverse events occurring in 
nursing home residents as reported in the literature during the last 2 
decades. Methods: A search of MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical 
Abstracts was conducted for articles published in English between January 
1986 and July 2006 using the following terms: adverse drug events, adverse 
drug reactions, adverse drug withdrawal events, aged, drug therapy, 
drug-related problems, medication-related problems, nursing homes, 
therapeutic failures, and treatment failures. The reference lists of 
identified articles, recent review articles, book chapters, and the authors' 
reference library were also searched manually. Results: Seven studies met 
the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this review. Five 
studies described ADRs, 1 described ADWEs, and 1 described TFs. The studies 
of ADRs used different methods of detecting ADRs, resulting in incidence 
rates ranging from 1.19 to 7.26 per 100 resident-months. The single study of 
ADWEs reported an incidence of 2.60 per 100 resident-months. An incidence 
rate for the single study describing TFs could not be calculated. 
Conclusions: Medication-related adverse events are common in the nursing 
home setting. Additional studies are needed to enhance the detection and 
prevention of medication-related adverse events and to reduce their impact 
on residents' outcomes and health care costs. © 2006 Excerpta Medica, Inc.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  anticoagulant agent (adverse drug reaction)
  anticonvulsive agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction)
  antiinfective agent (adverse drug reaction)
  anxiolytic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  digoxin (adverse drug reaction)
  diuretic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  hypnotic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  metronidazole (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  potassium (adverse drug reaction)
  psychotropic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  sedative agent (adverse drug reaction)
  vitamin (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug induced disease (epidemiology, side effect)
  nursing home
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cardiovascular disease (epidemiology, side effect)
  central nervous system disease (epidemiology, side effect)
  diarrhea (drug therapy)
  drug hypersensitivity (epidemiology, side effect)
  drug treatment failure
  drug withdrawal
  electrolyte disturbance (epidemiology, side effect)
  gastrointestinal disease (epidemiology, side effect)
  human
  hypotension (epidemiology, side effect)
  incidence
  medication error
  Medline
  prescription
  priority journal
  recurrent disease
  review
  risk factor
  sedation
  seizure (drug therapy)
  side effect (epidemiology, side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  metronidazole (39322-38-8, 443-48-1)
  potassium (7440-09-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006508319
MEDLINE PMID
  17062328 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062328)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2006.09.011
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 750
TITLE
  Drug-related problems in patients with angina pectoris, type 2 diabetes and 
asthma - Interviewing patients at home
AUTHOR NAMES
  Haugbølle L.S.
  Sørensen E.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Haugbølle L.S., lsh@dfuni.dk; Sørensen E.W.) Department of Pharmacology and 
Pharmacotherapy, Research Centre for Quality in Medicine Use, Danish 
University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, 
Copenhagen, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.S. Haugbølle, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Research 
Centre for Quality in Medicine Use, Danish University of Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. Email: 
lsh@dfuni.dk
SOURCE
  Pharmacy World and Science (2006) 28:4 (239-247). Date of Publication: 
August 2006
ISSN
  0928-1231
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Objective of the study: The objective of the overall study was to create a 
foundation for improving the quality of counselling practice in pharmacies. 
The research question addressed in this sub-study was to describe 
drug-related problems (DRPs) in terms of frequency as well as type in people 
with angina pectoris, type 2 diabetes and asthma, as the problems were 
identified through medication reviews and home interviews. Setting and 
method: During their pharmacy internships, fourth-year pharmacy students 
collected data for the study in 1999, 2000 and 2001 by carrying out 
medication reviews, conducting home interviews and registering DRPs for 414 
patients. Data were collected from the following patient groups in the years 
indicated: in 1999, 123 angina pectoris patients; in 2000, 192 type 2 
diabetes patients, and in 2001, 99 asthma patients. The interviews dealt 
with the patient's drug-related experiences, knowledge, perceptions, 
problems and actions. The DRPs were registered according to the so-called 
PI-Doc system. Results: A medication review was supplemented by qualitative 
interviews with the three patient groups, which revealed a relatively high 
number of DRPs compared to other studies. An average of 2.8 DRPs were 
identified per angina pectoris patient; 4.1 DRPs per type 2 diabetes patient 
and 4.0 DRPs per asthma patient. "Inappropriate use of medicines by the 
patient" and "Other problems" (such as limited knowledge of the illness, 
inappropriate lifestyle, fear of medication, lack of information, etc.) were 
the two most common DRP sub-categories identified in all three patient 
groups. Conclusion: The study provided a profile of a pharmacy-based 
population of 414 patients visiting the pharmacy, all of whom are at high 
risk of experiencing drug-related problems. Pharmacy staff needs to take 
this high rate of DRPs in people with angina pectoris, asthma and type 2 
diabetes into account when dispensing medicines to and advising patients 
from the three groups, especially when explaining how to use medicines 
appropriately. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  beta 2 adrenergic receptor stimulating agent (adverse drug reaction, drug 
therapy)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (adverse drug reaction, drug 
therapy)
  emconor
  metformin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  nitrate (drug therapy)
  steroid (drug therapy, inhalational drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  angina pectoris (drug therapy)
  asthma (drug therapy)
  drug induced disease (side effect)
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  computer system
  controlled study
  Denmark
  experience
  health care quality
  heart palpitation (side effect)
  human
  interview
  knowledge
  major clinical study
  nausea (side effect)
  patient counseling
  perception
  pharmacy
  qualitative research
  quality control
  questionnaire
  registration
  review
  side effect (side effect)
  stomach acid secretion
  tremor (side effect)
  unspecified side effect (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  emconor
  metformin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  metformin (1115-70-4, 657-24-9)
  nitrate (14797-55-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Endocrinology (3)
  Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis (15)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006537399
MEDLINE PMID
  17066246 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17066246)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-006-9023-9
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 751
TITLE
  Validation of a comprehensive classification tool for treatment-related 
problems
AUTHOR NAMES
  AbuRuz S.M.
  Bulatova N.R.
  Yousef A.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (AbuRuz S.M., aburuz@ju.edu.jo; Bulatova N.R.; Yousef A.M.) Department of 
Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.M. AbuRuz, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Email: aburuz@ju.edu.jo
SOURCE
  Pharmacy World and Science (2006) 28:4 (222-232). Date of Publication: 
August 2006
ISSN
  0928-1231
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: Several drug-related problem classification systems can be found 
in the literature. However, it is generally agreed that a comprehensive, 
well constructed and validated instrument is currently lacking. The aim of 
this study is the development and validation of a comprehensive 
treatment-related problems assessment and classification tool for use in 
teaching, practicing and researching pharmaceutical care and to improve 
identification, resolving and preventing of treatment-related problems. 
Method: The development and validation involved five steps starting with 
literature search to define a treatment related problem and also to form a 
database of treatment-related problems identified in the literature. In the 
next step, all problems that were identified in the first step and passed 
the evaluation of the three authors were pooled together and then divided 
into groups according to their common or shared construct, in the third step 
a suitable assessment method was developed according to the construct of the 
different problems, in the next step the developed instrument was validated 
for content, internal and external validity. Finally the tool was finalized 
and tested for reproducibility and inter-rater agreement. Results: The final 
validated version included six main categories for treatment-related 
problems (Indication, Effectiveness, Safety, Knowledge, Adherence and 
Miscellaneous). These categories include a total of nine subcategories and a 
total of 29 treatment related problems. Conclusion: The treatment-related 
problems assessment and classification tool introduced in this paper was 
applied to actual patient cases and proved to be valid. This tool also has 
several features that are new. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical practice
  medical research
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical effectiveness
  data base
  disease classification
  interrater reliability
  knowledge
  medical literature
  patient compliance
  patient safety
  pharmaceutical care
  problem identification
  reproducibility
  satisfaction
  teaching
  validation study
  validity
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006537398
MEDLINE PMID
  17066238 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17066238)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-006-9048-0
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 752
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies: Practice and research in Sweden
AUTHOR NAMES
  Westerlund L.O.T.
  Björk H.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Westerlund L.O.T., tommy.westerlund@apoteket.se) Research and Development, 
Apoteket B, Helsingborg, Sweden.
(Westerlund L.O.T., tommy.westerlund@apoteket.se) Research and Development, 
Apoteket B, Stockholm, Sweden.
(Westerlund L.O.T., tommy.westerlund@apoteket.se) Social Medicine, 
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Göteborg University, 
Göteborg, Sweden.
(Björk H.T.) Corporate Communications, Apoteket B, Stockholm, Sweden.
(Westerlund L.O.T., tommy.westerlund@apoteket.se) Apoteket Björnen, PO Box 
1052, SE-251, 10 Helsingborg, Sweden.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.O.T. Westerlund, Apoteket Björnen, PO Box 1052, SE-251, 10 Helsingborg, 
Sweden. Email: tommy.westerlund@apoteket.se
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2006) 40:6 (1162-1169). Date of Publication: June 
2006
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To describe the organization and delivery of community pharmacy 
and medical care, as well as pharmaceutical care practice and research, in 
Sweden. FINDINGS: The Swedish retail pharmacy system of 800 community 
pharmacies and nearly 80 hospital pharmacies is unique in that it is 
organized into one single, government-owned chain, known as Apoteket AB. The 
pharmacy staff consists of pharmacists, prescriptionists, and pharmacy 
technicians. Some activities related to pharmaceutical care have been 
directed toward specific patient groups during annual theme campaigns. In 
the past few years, there has been a growing emphasis on the identification, 
resolution, and documentation of drug-related problems (DRPs) in Swedish 
pharmacy practice. A classification system for documenting DRPs and pharmacy 
interventions was developed in 1995 and incorporated into the software of 
all community pharmacies in 2001. A national DRP database (SWE-DRP) was 
established in 2004 to collect and analyze DRPs and interventions on a 
nationwide basis. Recently, a new counseling technique composed of key 
questions to facilitate the detection of DRPs has been tested successfully. 
Patient medication profiles are kept in 160 pharmacies, and a new national 
register of drugs dispensed to patients became available in 2006. Most 
pharmaceutical care studies in Sweden have focused on DRPs and resulting 
pharmacy interventions. DISCUSSION: Swedish community pharmacy DRP work is 
in the international forefront but there is a potential for further 
developing cognitive services, given the beneficial organization of the 
country's pharmacies into one single pharmacy chain. The introduction of 
patient medication profiles has been both late and slow and has only had a 
marginal effect on pharmaceutical care practice so far. The universities do 
not appear to have any desire to influence the practice of pharmacy and 
could potentially take on a more active role in preparing pharmacy students 
for patient-oriented services. Current threats to pharmaceutical care 
practice and research include organizational changes, budget cuts, and 
reduced manpower of Apoteket AB. CONCLUSIONS: The identification, 
resolution, and documentation of DRPs are central to community pharmacy 
practice in Sweden, resulting in a number of research studies. A national 
DRP database, patient medication profiles, and a new national register of 
drugs dispensed to patients provide opportunities for growth in 
pharmaceutical care practice and research in the country.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
  professional practice
  research
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  budget
  data base
  documentation
  drug related problem
  government
  health care delivery
  health care manpower
  health care personnel
  health care system
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  medical record
  medication error
  organization
  patient counseling
  patient medication profile
  pharmacist
  pharmacy technician
  prescription
  priority journal
  register
  self care
  student
  Sweden
  university
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006285568
MEDLINE PMID
  16735653 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16735653)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1G680
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 753
TITLE
  A survey of community pharmacists' training needs in the management of 
opioid dependent clients in Grampian, Scotland
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cameron I.
  Matheson C.I.
  Bond C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cameron I.) Dip Applied Psychometrics, .
(Bond C.) Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University of 
Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
(Matheson C.I.) Department of General Practice and Primary Care, 
Foresterhill Health Centre, Westburn Road, Aberdeen AB25 2AY, United 
Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.I. Matheson, Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Foresterhill 
Health Centre, Westburn Road, Aberdeen AB25 2AY, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2006) 276:7401 (601-603). Date of Publication: 20 
May 2006
ISSN
  0031-6873
ABSTRACT
  Aims: To explore community pharmacists' training needs for the provision of 
services to drug misusers. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Subjects and 
setting: Pharmacy managers of all registered community pharmacies in NHS 
Grampian, Scotland (n=120). Method: Administration of a self-completed 
postal questionnaire based on a previously validated measure. Two reminders 
were sent out. Questions included previous training in drug misuse, 
attitudes to developing motivational interviewing skills and perceived 
training needs. Results: 99 pharmacists (82.5%) completed the questionnaire, 
79 (80.6%) had experience of dispensing methadone. Interest in learning 
motivational interviewing skills was indicated by 67 pharmacists (67.7%). 53 
pharmacists (53.5%) had received previous professional training on the 
management of drug misuse; 70 (73.7%) wanted further professional training 
on drug misuse. Conclusions: Pharmacists' interest in learning motivational 
interviewing techniques indicated that the feasibility of such training 
should be explored. Despite a high proportion of respondents dispensing 
methadone, almost half had not received professional training on the 
management of drug misuse. Community pharmacists are interested in receiving 
more training on this topic and local provision of specialist training 
should be considered.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  methadone (drug therapy)
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
  pharmacist
  staff training
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  controlled study
  drug misuse
  feasibility study
  health care delivery
  human
  interview
  motivation
  national health service
  pharmacist attitude
  pharmacy
  postal mail
  questionnaire
  United Kingdom
  validation process
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006259399
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 754
TITLE
  Health care providers' perceptions of the problems and causes of irrational 
use of drugs in two Middle East countries
AUTHOR NAMES
  Otoom S.A.
  Sequeira R.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Otoom S.A., sotoom@rcsi-mub.com; Sequeira R.P.) Department of Pharmacology 
and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 
Bahrain.
(Otoom S.A., sotoom@rcsi-mub.com) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 
Medical University of Bahrain, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S.A. Otoom, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of 
Bahrain, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain. Email: sotoom@rcsi-mub.com
SOURCE
  International Journal of Clinical Practice (2006) 60:5 (565-570). Date of 
Publication: May 2006
ISSN
  1368-5031
  1742-1241 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  It is now evident that both developed and developing countries are 
experiencing many aspects of inappropriate use of drugs in their health care 
facilities. This is the first study in the region performed to examine the 
most common problems of irrational use of drugs and their causes in two 
Middle East countries - Jordan and Syria. Ninety senior participants from 
Jordan (50-15 physicians and 35 pharmacists) and Syria (40-12 physicians and 
28 pharmacists) were enrolled in this study. The participants were asked to 
fill two questionnaires that deal with the problems and causes of irrational 
use of drugs in their country. Additionally, the participants were asked to 
perform a prescription analysis using WHO prescribing indicators on 40 
prescriptions taken randomly from a comprehensive health centre in their 
country. The main drug use problems identified in the two countries were 
almost the same, but they vary in the percentage of occurrence and include 
excessive use of antibiotics and antidiarrhoeals, overprescribing of 
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prescribing by tradename, excessive 
use of antibiotics to treat minor upper respiratory infections and 
self-medication by the public. The main causes of irrational use of drugs 
were poor medical records, lack of patient education about illnesses and 
drugs, no family doctor system, lack of standard treatment guidelines and 
lack of continuing medical education for doctors and pharmacists. The 
results of this study are important for decision-makers to utilise when 
putting policies and strategies to improve the use of drugs in both 
countries. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent (drug therapy)
  antidiarrheal agent (drug therapy)
  generic drug
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  continuing education
  controlled study
  developed country
  developing country
  diarrhea (drug therapy)
  drug utilization
  general practitioner
  health care facility
  health care policy
  health personnel attitude
  human
  Jordan
  medical decision making
  medical record
  Middle East
  patient education
  pharmacist attitude
  physician attitude
  practice guideline
  prescription
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  self medication
  Syrian Arab Republic
  upper respiratory tract infection (drug therapy)
  world health organization
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006210212
MEDLINE PMID
  16700856 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16700856)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00808.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 755
TITLE
  Community outreach with weekly delivery of anti-retroviral drugs compared to 
cognitive-behavioural health care team-based approach to improve adherence 
among indigent women newly starting HAART
AUTHOR NAMES
  Visnegarwala F.
  Rodriguez-Barradass M.C.
  Graviss E.A.
  Caprio M.
  Nykyforchyn M.
  Laufman L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Visnegarwala F., fehmidav@bcm.tmc.edu; Rodriguez-Barradass M.C.; Graviss 
E.A.; Laufman L.) Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
(Caprio M.) Harris County Hospital District, Houston, TX, United States.
(Nykyforchyn M.) University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 
United States.
(Rodriguez-Barradass M.C.) Veterans Administration Medical Center, Houston, 
TX, United States.
(Visnegarwala F., fehmidav@bcm.tmc.edu) Baylor College of Medicine, 
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, One Baylor Plaza, 
Houston, TX 77030, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. Visnegarwala, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section 
of Infectious Diseases, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States. 
Email: fehmidav@bcm.tmc.edu
SOURCE
  AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV (2006) 18:4 
(332-338). Date of Publication: May 2006
ISSN
  0954-0121
  1360-0451 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Routledge, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Sustained virological suppression requires adherence to >95% of doses of 
therapy. Overall there is paucity of data on adherence interventions among 
women and post-intervention outcomes. In this pilot study, we evaluated a 
novel strategy of weekly delivery of medications (Directly Delivered 
Therapy: DDT) for six months using an outreach worker (ORW), among ARV naïve 
indigent women starting HAART and compared the 'during intervention' and 
'post-intervention' outcomes to the health care team (a nurse educator, a 
case worker, a pharmacist and social worker/drug addictions counsellor) 
based approach termed Adherence Coordination Services (ACS) and the Standard 
of Care (SoC) historical referent group. The baseline characteristics of the 
three groups were comparable. The proportion of women who achieved sustained 
virologic suppression in 4-8 month period for DDT; ACS and SoC groups were 
86% (18/21); 54% (6/11); and 36% (8/22) (P < 0.004); and in the 10-14 month 
period were 80% (12/15); 54% (6/11) and 45%(10/22) (P = 0.036 for DDT vs. 
SoC). Retention rate in the DDT was 87%, and 92% of 307 ORW visits were 
kept, and post-intervention satisfaction was high. Short-term weekly 
delivery of medications using a community based liaison is a feasible, 
acceptable and a cost-effective strategy for improving both short-term and 
perhaps long-term adherence among women initiating their first HAART 
regimen. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiretrovirus agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acquired immune deficiency syndrome (drug therapy)
  community care
  health care delivery
  highly active antiretroviral therapy
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy)
  patient compliance
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  controlled study
  cost effectiveness analysis
  female
  follow up
  health service
  health survey
  human
  indigent
  major clinical study
  patient satisfaction
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  treatment outcome
  virus load
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Immunology, Serology and Transplantation (26)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006252703
MEDLINE PMID
  16809110 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809110)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500162155
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 756
TITLE
  Clarification regarding certificate course [9]
AUTHOR NAMES
  Roberts D.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Roberts D.K.) Royal College of General Practitioner's Substance Misuse 
Unit, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.K. Roberts, Royal College of General Practitioner's Substance Misuse Unit, 
United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2006) 276:7396 (441). Date of Publication: 15 Apr 
2006
ISSN
  0031-6873
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  certification
  drug misuse
  education program
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  curriculum
  human
  letter
  medical school
  patient care
  pharmacist
  postgraduate education
  practice guideline
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006199815
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 757
TITLE
  Interventional effect of radix bupleuri and radix scutellariae at different 
ratios on the changes in the indexes of liver, spleen, thymus gland and 
suprarenal gland and vitamin C in suprarenal gland of rats with acute 
alcoholic liver injury
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wang X.-L.
  Mu H.-B.
  Liu R.-H.
  Song N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wang X.-L.; Mu H.-B.; Liu R.-H.; Song N.) Clinical Department of 
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pharmacological College, Henan University of 
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008 Henan Province, China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  X.-L. Wang, Clinical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 
Pharmacological College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 
Zhengzhou 450008 Henan Province, China.
SOURCE
  Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation (2006) 10:15 (180-182). Date of 
Publication: 15 Apr 2006
ISSN
  1671-5926
ABSTRACT
  Background: Until now modern science cannot explain clearly about the 
mechanism of acute alcoholic liver injury. Besides such methods as giving up 
drinking, or symptomatic treatment, there is no specific therapy and remedy. 
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has obvious advantages for this: It 
cannot only improve the clinical symptoms, but also adjust organism immune 
function, and has very good development future. Objective: To study the 
effects of radix bupleuri and radix scutellariae in compatibility with the 
ratio of different dosage (2:1, 1:1, 1:2) on acute alcoholic liver injury by 
regulating the system of endocrino-immunity network in rats. Design: Groups 
are divided randomly and experiments are made under blank conditions. 
Setting: TCM Clinical Laboratory of Pharmaceutical School, Henan University 
of TCM. Materials: From September to November 2002 in TCM Clinical 
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical School, Henan University of TCM, the general 
condition of the animals were as follows: 96 healthy Wistar rats were 
divided into 8 groups: blank group, model group, radix bupleuri group, radix 
scutellariae group, xiao-chaihu group, radix bupleuri-radix scutellariae 2:1 
group, radix bupleuri-radix scutellariae 1:1 group, radix bupleuri-radix 
scutellariae 1:2 group. Methods: 1 According to the ratio of 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 
radix bupleuri and radix scutellariae were taken respectively (480 g, 240 g; 
360 g, 360 g; 240 g, 480 g) to produce the water decocting medicine. Except 
the blank group (duplicated by saline of the same volume through consecutive 
gastric infusion), the other groups are duplicated through consecutive 
gastric infusion by 56 degrees of Er-Guotou White Spirit (7 mL/kg) two times 
a day for ten days until the model-making is finished. From the first day, 
the medicine was given two times a day. The blank group and the model group 
were given the distilled water of the same volume. The other groups were 
given the proper water decocting medicine. The dosage in xiao-chaihu group 
was 10 g/kg and in the other was all 12 g/kg. 2 16 hours later after the 
last time when the white spirit was given, blood was taken from stomach 
aorta to produce serum. Liver, spleen, chest gland, adrenal gland were 
quickly removed. The calculating formula of an organ index: An organ index= 
The weight of an organ (g)/ The weight of a body (g) ×100%. The calculating 
formula of vitamin C content in adrenal gland (mg/g): Content of vitamin C= 
[(The A value of the testing tube-The A value of the blank tube)/ (The A 
value of the standard tube-The A value of the blank tube)] ×density of the 
standard tube (6 mg/L)×dilution times of the sample before tested/protein 
content (g/ L). 3 Comparison between the groups was shown by using variance 
similar test and single-factor variance analysis. Main outcome measures: 
Index of rats' liver, spleen, chest gland, and adrenal gland (on the right 
side); the determination of vitamin C content in rats' right adrenal gland. 
Results: During the experiment, 3 rats in the model group died. Two rats 
died in radix scutellariae group and radix bupleuri-radix scutellariae group 
respectively. In each of the other groups only one rat died. The condition 
of the number of the rats which were used for analyzing results: There were 
12 in blank group; 9 in model group; 10 in radix bupleuri group, radix 
bupleuri-radix scutellariae 1:1 group respectively; 11 in each of the other 
groups. 1 Comparison of index of rats in liver, spleen, chest gland, adrenal 
gland (right side) between different groups: There was no significant 
difference between the indexes of rats' liver in different groups. The index 
of spleen, chest gland, adrenal gland in the model group were all greatly 
less than in blank group (P < 0.05-0.01). The index of spleen in the radix 
bupleuri group were greatly higher than in the model group, it could make 
the reduced spleen index return to normal (P < 0.05); The index of chest in 
radix scutellariae group, radix bupleuri-radix scutellariae 1:1 group, radix 
bupleuri-radix scutellariae 1:2 group and xiao-chaihu group were greatly 
higher than in model group (P < 0.05); The index of adrenal gland in radix 
bupleuri-radix scutellariae 1:2 group and xiao-chaihu group were greatly 
higher than in model group (P < 0.05). 2 Comparison of vitamin C content in 
rats' right adrenal gland between the groups: Compared with blank group, the 
vitamin C content of adrenal gland in the model group had no significant 
difference. While that of radix bupleuri group, xiao-chaihu group, radix 
bupleuri-radix scutellariae groups were greatly less than that of model 
group (P <0.05-0.01), especially radix bupleuri-radix scutellariae 1:1 group 
had the most significant influence (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Interfering 
functional injuries of liver, spleen and suprarenal gland is one of the 
mechanisms of acute alcoholic liver injury. Generally speaking, 
bupleuri-radix scutellariae 1:2 group has the greatest effect on the testing 
index.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Bupleurum (drug combination, drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, drug 
toxicity, pharmacology)
  Scutellariae radix (drug combination, drug comparison, drug dose, drug 
therapy, drug toxicity, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  ascorbic acid (endogenous compound)
  sodium chloride
  water
  xiao chai hu tang (drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol liver cirrhosis (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal aorta
  adrenal disease (drug therapy)
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  blood sampling
  body weight
  controlled study
  dilution
  disease model
  dose response
  drug dose regimen
  drug fatality
  liver injury (drug therapy)
  nonhuman
  organ weight
  rat
  spleen injury (drug therapy)
  thymus function
  treatment outcome
  variance
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Tianjin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  ascorbic acid (134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7)
  sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
  water (7732-18-5)
  xiao chai hu tang (63364-01-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Immunology, Serology and Transplantation (26)
  Endocrinology (3)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Chinese
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006397780
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 758
TITLE
  Adaptive and longitudinal pharmaceutical care instruction using an 
interactive voice response/text-to-speech system.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hussein G.
  Kawahara N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hussein G.; Kawahara N.) School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Hussein, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University.
SOURCE
  American journal of pharmaceutical education (2006) 70:2 (37). Date of 
Publication: 15 Apr 2006
ISSN
  1553-6467 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To develop a course structure that would more closely simulate 
the actual provision of pharmaceutical care. DESIGN: An interactive voice 
response/text-to-speech system (hardware and software) for obtaining patient 
data was designed and used in a pharmaceutical care laboratory. Students 
called the system to collect data, listen to progress notes, make 
recommendations, and update the pharmaceutical care plan for virtual 
patients. Laboratory time was utilized to evaluate patient progress and 
respond to recommendations as well as to identify and solve drug-related 
problems. ASSESSMENT: Students' recorded communications with the system and 
completed care plans were evaluated and a competency-based final examination 
was administered. Peer evaluations and course evaluations were administered. 
CONCLUSION: This innovative approach challenged students and promoted 
interactive learning. Student evaluations indicated we achieved our 
objective of creating a course that more closely simulated the actual 
provision of pharmaceutical care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  patient education
  teaching
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  computer interface
  computer program
  educational technology
  human
  telephone
  treatment outcome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  17149416 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17149416)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 759
TITLE
  Methamphetamine: putting the brakes on speed.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gettig J.P.
  Grady S.E.
  Nowosadzka I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gettig J.P.; Grady S.E.; Nowosadzka I.) Midwestern University Chicago 
College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.P. Gettig, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers 
Grove, IL, USA.
SOURCE
  The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National 
Association of School Nurses (2006) 22:2 (66-73). Date of Publication: Apr 
2006
ISSN
  1059-8405
ABSTRACT
  In only recent history, illicit use of methamphetamine, once isolated to 
urban areas on the West Coast, has spread into rural areas of the Midwest 
and southern United States. Although past and current methamphetamine 
legislation has increased penalties for methamphetamine manufacturers and 
tightened restrictions on sales of known precursors, the problem still 
persists. In fact, a 2004 survey indicates that an alarming 6.2% of high 
school seniors have tried methamphetamine. A number of biological, genetic, 
and environmental factors influence children's and adolescents' paths to 
substance abuse. Nurses should recognize the symptoms of methamphetamine 
abuse, which include agitation; aggressive behavior; rapid mood swings; 
hypertension; tachycardia; and eventually lesion-marked skin, clinical 
depression, and paranoid psychosis. Treatment for methamphetamine addiction 
includes behavioral therapy. Research on pharmacologic therapy is lacking. 
Educating youth on methamphetamine prevention appears to be the best 
approach to curb the spreading use of this addictive and deadly drug.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methamphetamine (adverse drug reaction, drug toxicity, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  street drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse (epidemiology, prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute disease
  adolescent
  child
  child welfare
  chronic disease
  drug control
  drug information
  health
  health survey
  human
  Internet
  legal aspect
  nurse attitude
  nursing assessment
  public health
  review
  risk factor
  United States (epidemiology)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  16563028 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16563028)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 760
TITLE
  Impact of hospitalisation in an acute medical geriatric unit on potentially 
inappropriate medication use
AUTHOR NAMES
  Laroche M.-L.
  Charmes J.-P.
  Nouaille Y.
  Fourrier A.
  Merle L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Laroche M.-L.; Nouaille Y.; Merle L., louis.merle@chu-limoges.fr) Centre of 
Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France.
(Charmes J.-P.) Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Dupuytren, 
Limoges, France.
(Fourrier A.) INSERM U657 University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, 
France.
(Merle L., louis.merle@chu-limoges.fr) Centre of Pharmacovigilance, 
University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, Cedex, 87042, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Merle, Centre of Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital Dupuytren, 
Limoges, Cedex, 87042, France. Email: louis.merle@chu-limoges.fr
SOURCE
  Drugs and Aging (2006) 23:1 (49-59). Date of Publication: 2006
ISSN
  1170-229X
  1170-229X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Adis International Ltd, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, 
Auckland 10, New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
  Background and objective: Potentially inappropriate medication use is a 
major safety issue in the elderly and may cause a substantial proportion of 
drug-related hospital admissions. Hospitalisation could result in a change 
in the quantity and type of drugs, but its effect on potentially 
inappropriate drug use is still unknown. The aim of this study was to 
estimate the potentially inappropriate medication prevalence in patients ≥70 
years of age at admission to and at discharge from an acute medical 
geriatric unit, and to identify the factors associated with no longer being 
a potentially inappropriate drug user at hospital discharge. Methods: A 
prospective drug surveillance study was undertaken in 2018 elderly patients 
(≥70 years of age) admitted to an acute medical geriatric unit in Limoges 
University Hospital, France. Prescribing patterns were established at 
admission and at discharge. Potentially inappropriate medication use was 
evaluated according to a list derived from the Beers criteria and adapted to 
French practice. "To be no longer a potentially inappropriate drug user at 
discharge" was defined as using at least one potentially inappropriate 
medication at admission and not using it at discharge. Results: The numbers 
of drugs used at admission/discharge were 6.2 ± 3.1/5.4 ± 2.5. The 
prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use decreased from 66% 
(95% CI 63.8, 68.0) at admission to 43.6% (95% CI 41.3, 45.9) at discharge. 
At discharge, 535 subjects were no longer potentially inappropriate 
medication users. Multivariate analysis showed that no longer being a 
potentially inappropriate medication user was associated with the number of 
drugs used (4-6 drugs vs ≤3 odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% CI 0.86, 1.68; 7-9 
drugs vs ≤3 OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.97, 1.93; ≥10 drugs vs ≤3 OR 1.64; 95% CI 
1.10, 2.44), age (80-89 years vs 70-79 years OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.03, 1.85; ≥90 
years vs 70-79 years OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.22, 2.83), cerebral vasodilator use 
(OR 2.87; 95% CI 2.31, 3.57), analgesic use (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.06, 2.25) and 
concomitant use of psychotropic drugs of the same therapeutic class (OR 
1.94; 95% CI 1.29, 2.92). Conclusion: Hospitalisation in geriatric services 
results in a reduction in potentially inappropriate medication use. Improved 
pharmacological education of practitioners, especially with regard to drug 
adverse effects, is desirable to improve management of geriatric patients. © 
2006 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent
  psychotropic agent
  vasodilator agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
  geriatrics
  hospitalization
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  clinical practice
  controlled study
  drug surveillance program
  drug use
  female
  France
  geriatric hospital
  health education
  hospital admission
  hospital discharge
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  multivariate analysis
  physician
  prevalence
  priority journal
  prospective study
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006095983
MEDLINE PMID
  16492069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492069)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200623010-00005
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 761
TITLE
  Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple sublingual buprenorphine 
tablets in dose-escalation trials
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ciraulo D.A.
  Hitzemann R.J.
  Somoza E.
  Knapp C.M.
  Rotrosen J.
  Sarid-Segal O.
  Ciraulo A.M.
  Greenblatt D.J.
  Chiang C.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ciraulo D.A.; Knapp C.M.; Ciraulo A.M.) Division of Psychiatry, Boston 
University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
(Ciraulo D.A.; Sarid-Segal O.) Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 
Boston, MA, United States.
(Hitzemann R.J.) Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health 
Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States.
(Somoza E.) Cincinnati Addiction Research Center, University of Cincinnati, 
Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
(Rotrosen J.) Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of 
Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare, New York, NY, United States.
(Greenblatt D.J.) Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 
Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
(Chiang C.N.) National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MA, United States.
(Ciraulo D.A.) Boston University School of Medicine, Doctors Office 
Building, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.A. Ciraulo, Boston University School of Medicine, Doctors Office Building, 
720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2006) 46:2 (179-192). Date of Publication: 
February 2006
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  In this investigation, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties 
were determined of multiple doses of sublingual tablets containing either 
buprenorphine alone or buprenorphine and naloxone. Subjects were experienced 
opiate users who received escalating doses (4-24 mg) of buprenorphine either 
alone or in combination with naloxone. Peak concentration (Cmax) and area 
under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) increased for both buprenorphine 
and naloxone with escalating doses. Significant differences were found 
across the range of doses administered for dose-adjusted Cmax for both 
tablet formulations and for the dose-adjusted AUCs for the 
buprenorphine-naloxone tablets. For both formulations, the maximal 
buprenorphine-induced decreases in respiratory rate and pupil diameter did 
not vary significantly across doses. Several of the subjective effects of 
buprenorphine did not increase as the dose of buprenorphine administered was 
increased. These findings are consistent with the ceiling effect associated 
with the partial agonist actions of buprenorphine. They also indicate a lack 
of dose proportionality for buprenorphine sublingual tablets, at least 
during the times at which levels of this agent are highest. ©2006 the 
American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine (drug administration, drug combination, drug comparison, drug 
concentration, drug dose, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, 
sublingual drug administration)
  buprenorphine plus naloxone (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, 
drug combination, drug concentration, drug dose, pharmaceutics, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, sublingual drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diamorphine
  mu opiate receptor agonist (drug administration, drug combination, drug 
comparison, drug concentration, drug dose, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, 
pharmacology, sublingual drug administration)
  opiate
  oxybutynin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence treatment
  drug metabolism
  heroin dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  area under the curve
  article
  blood pressure
  blood sampling
  bradycardia (side effect)
  breathing rate
  dose response
  drug blood level
  drug formulation
  drug safety
  female
  headache (side effect)
  heart rate
  human
  liquid chromatography
  male
  mass spectrometry
  miosis (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  normal human
  open study
  opiate addiction
  opioid induced emesis (side effect)
  pharmacodynamics
  pupil
  rating scale
  respiration depression (side effect)
  single drug dose
  tablet formulation
  vomiting (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  suboxone
  subutex
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxybutynin (1508-65-2, 5633-20-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006050159
MEDLINE PMID
  16432270 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16432270)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270005284192
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 762
TITLE
  Fingolimod (FTY720) in severe hepatic impairment: Pharmacokinetics and 
relationship to markers of liver function
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kovarik J.M.
  Schmouder R.L.
  Hartmann S.
  Riviere G.-J.
  Picard F.
  Voss B.
  Weiss M.
  Wagner F.
  Schmidt H.H.-J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kovarik J.M.; Schmouder R.L.; Hartmann S.; Riviere G.-J.; Picard F.; Voss 
B.; Weiss M.) Novartis Pharmaceutical, Basel, Switzerland.
(Kovarik J.M.; Schmouder R.L.; Hartmann S.; Riviere G.-J.; Picard F.; Voss 
B.; Weiss M.) Novartis Pharmaceutical, East Hanover, NJ, United States.
(Kovarik J.M.; Schmouder R.L.; Hartmann S.; Riviere G.-J.; Picard F.; Voss 
B.; Weiss M.) Novartis Pharmaceutical, Rueil-Malmaison, France.
(Wagner F.) 3ClinicalResearch, Henningsdorf, Germany.
(Schmidt H.H.-J.) Universitätsklinikum Charité, Berlin, Germany.
(Schmidt H.H.-J.) Transplantationshepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, 
Münster, Germany.
(Kovarik J.M.) Novartis Pharma AG, Building WSJ 103.426, 4002 Basel, 
Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.M. Kovarik, Novartis Pharma AG, Building WSJ 103.426, 4002 Basel, 
Switzerland.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2006) 46:2 (149-156). Date of Publication: 
February 2006
ISSN
  0091-2700
  1552-4604 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  The authors assessed the impact of severe hepatic impairment on the 
disposition of fingolimod-a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor immunomodulator 
primarily metabolized by CYP4F2-in 6 patients and 6 matched healthy controls 
who received a single 5-mg oral dose. Compared with healthy controls, severe 
hepatic-impaired subjects had a doubled area under the concentration time 
curve (AUC) and 50% prolonged elimination half-life but a similar peak blood 
concentration. When these data were combined with those from a previous 
study in mild and moderate hepatic-impaired subjects, there were significant 
positive correlations between fingolimod AUC versus bilirubin (r = 0.683) 
and prothrombin time (r = 0.777) and a significant negative correlation 
versus albumin (r = 0.578), confirming the importance of liver function for 
fingolimod clearance. For patients with severe hepatic impairment 
(Child-Pugh class C), a standard first dose of fingolimod could be given 
followed by a maintenance dose that is reduced by half from the normal 
maintenance dose. ©2006 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  fingolimod (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug concentration, 
drug dose, drug therapy, oral drug administration, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  albumin (endogenous compound)
  aspartic acid (drug therapy)
  bilirubin (endogenous compound)
  folic acid (drug therapy)
  furosemide (drug therapy)
  immunomodulating agent (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug 
concentration, drug dose, drug therapy, oral drug administration, 
pharmacokinetics)
  lactulose (drug therapy)
  pantoprazole (drug therapy)
  phytomenadione (drug therapy)
  spironolactone (drug therapy)
  torasemide (drug therapy)
  xipamide (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug metabolism
  immunosuppressive treatment
  liver disease (drug therapy)
  liver function
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcoholism
  article
  ascites (drug therapy)
  atrioventricular block (side effect)
  bilirubin blood level
  clinical article
  controlled study
  disease severity
  dose time effect relation
  drug capsule
  drug clearance
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug protein binding
  female
  heart rate
  hepatitis C
  human
  immunomodulation
  liquid chromatography
  liver cirrhosis (drug therapy)
  lymphocyte count
  male
  multiple sclerosis
  open study
  prothrombin time
  single drug dose
  tandem mass spectrometry
  treatment outcome
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  fty 720
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aspartic acid (56-84-8, 6899-03-2)
  bilirubin (18422-02-1, 635-65-4)
  fingolimod (162359-56-0)
  folic acid (59-30-3, 6484-89-5)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  lactulose (4618-18-2)
  pantoprazole (102625-70-7)
  phytomenadione (11104-38-4, 84-80-0)
  spironolactone (52-01-7)
  torasemide (56211-40-6)
  xipamide (14293-44-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006050155
MEDLINE PMID
  16432266 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16432266)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270005283464
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 763
TITLE
  Physicians' attitude and practices in sickle cell disease pain management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Labbé E.
  Herbert D.
  Haynes J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Labbé E.) Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, 
Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Mobile, AL, United States.
(Herbert D.) Department of Statistics, University of South Alabama, 
Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Mobile, AL, United States.
(Haynes J.) Department of Medicine, University of South Alabama, 
Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Mobile, AL, United States.
(Labbé E.) Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 
36688-0002, United States.
(Haynes J.) University of South Alabama, Comprehensive Cell Center, Mobile, 
AL 36617, United States.
(Herbert D.) Department of Statistics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, 
AL 36688, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Labbé, Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 
36688-0002, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Palliative Care (2005) 21:4 (246-251). Date of Publication: 
Winter 2005
ISSN
  0825-8597
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Centre for Bioethics
ABSTRACT
  Many physicians believe that patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are 
more likely to become addicted to pain medication than are other patient 
populations. This study hypothesizes that physicians' attitudes towards 
addiction in patients with SCD affects pain management practices. The 
Physician Attitudes Survey was sent to 286 physicians at seven National 
Institutes of Health-funded university-based comprehensive sickle cell 
centres. The survey assessed demographic information; and physician's 
attitudes toward and knowledge of pain, pain treatment, and drug addiction 
and abuse. Significant Pearson product-moment correlations were found 
between attitudes towards pain and beliefs regarding addiction to prescribed 
opioids. Physicians reported varied pain management strategies, however, 
many believe that attitudes toward addiction and to patients in pain crises 
may result in undertreatment of pain. These results indicate that physicians 
might benefit from additional education regarding sickle cell disease, 
addiction to pain medication, the pharmacology of opioids, and the 
assessment and treatment of pain. © 2005 Centre for Bioethics, IRCM.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical practice
  health personnel attitude
  pain (diagnosis, etiology, prevention)
  physician
  sickle cell anemia (complication)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acute disease
  addiction (etiology, prevention)
  adult
  analgesia (adverse drug reaction)
  article
  attitude to health
  education
  fear
  female
  general practice
  hematology
  human
  male
  medical education
  medical school
  medical staff
  middle aged
  needs assessment
  organization and management
  pain assessment
  psychological aspect
  questionnaire
  United States
  utilization review
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
MEDLINE PMID
  16483093 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16483093)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 764
TITLE
  Use of marijuana in pharmacy students (2000-2005).
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kavalírová A.
  Visnovský P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kavalírová A.; Visnovský P.) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 
Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec 
Králové, Czech Republic.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Kavalírová, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of 
Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, 
Czech Republic. Email: kavalirovaa@faf.cuni.cz
SOURCE
  Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, 
Czechoslovakia (2005) 149:2 (477-480). Date of Publication: Dec 2005
ISSN
  1213-8118
ABSTRACT
  In 2000-2005, a survey on the consumption of legal and illegal drugs of 
abuse was conducted in 1571 students of Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec 
Králové, Charles University in Prague. The availability of cannabis and the 
prevalence rates of its use in university students were investigated. A 
standardized anonymous questionnaire was employed for the survey. The 
average age of respondents was 20 years. The number of females was higher 
(82.8 %) than that of males. Marijuana was the most available and the most 
commonly used illegal drug of abuse in the group of pharmacy students. Its 
offer and the life-time prevalence increased over the 5 year period of the 
survey from 55.8 % to 72.9 % and from 30.3 % to 48.4 %, respectively. There 
was a predominance of the male users over the female ones, mainly in a 
category of high frequency of marijuana consumption ("used more than five 
times"). Almost three quarters of marijuana consumers admitted more than one 
experience with marijuana. Our data provide worrying statistics and support 
the need of continuous education also in university students to advise them 
on the risks of drug misuse.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cannabis addiction (epidemiology)
  cannabis smoking (epidemiology)
  pharmacy student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  Czech Republic (epidemiology)
  female
  human
  male
  prevalence
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  16601814 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601814)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 765
TITLE
  Generic medicines: Perceptions of community pharmacists in Melbourne, 
Australia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hassali M.A.
  Kong D.C.M.
  Stewart K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hassali M.A.; Kong D.C.M.; Stewart K., Kay.Stewart@vcp.monash.edu.au) 
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash 
University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
(Kong D.C.M.) Clinical Research and Education, Pharmacy Department, Alfred 
Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Stewart, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Victorian College of Pharmacy, 
Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia. Email: 
Kay.Stewart@vcp.monash.edu.au
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmaceutical Finance, Economics and Policy (2005) 14:3 (27-45). 
Date of Publication: 2005
ISSN
  1538-5698
  1538-5396 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate generic medicine 
dispensing trends and substitution practices from the perspective of 
community pharmacists in Melbourne, Australia. Method: A qualitative 
approach was used. A convenience sample of community pharmacists practicing 
in Melbourne were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Key 
Findings: A total of 11 pharmacists were interviewed. Thematic content 
analysis of the interviews identified five major themes: generic medicines 
substitution trends, knowledge of and confidence with generic medicines, 
generic medicines marketing strategy, safety aspects of generic medicines 
labelling, and pharmacists' role in educating patients with respect to 
generic substitution. The results from this study indicate that, in general, 
community pharmacists are comfortable in offering generic substitution to 
their patients and they view generic medicine as being safe and effective in 
most situations. While views were mostly positive, there were a few concerns 
especially regarding substituting some specific drugs and problems 
associated with a patient's cognitive ability. The findings also suggested 
that pharmacists do not have a clear idea on the bioequivalence tests that 
are conducted for generic medicines by the medicine regulatory body, the 
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and they need more information 
pertaining to this. Issues pertaining to marketing of 'pseudo-generics' and 
the need for appropriate labelling of medicines to safeguard patients were 
also highlighted by some pharmacists interviewed. The pharmacist's role in 
advising patients on generic substitution was also seen as an important step 
to increase the uptake of generic medicines. Conclusion: This study 
suggested that despite pharmacists' positive attitudes to generic 
substitution, they need more education and information, especially on the 
methods required by the government authority to determine the bioequivalence 
of generic medicines. © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  generic drug (pharmacoeconomics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  Australia
  clinical article
  content analysis
  drug cost
  drug labeling
  drug marketing
  drug safety
  drug substitution
  female
  human
  male
  patient education
  prescription
  priority journal
  semi structured interview
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2006274468
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J371v14n03_03
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 766
TITLE
  Pharmacokinetics of long-acting naltrexone in subjects with mild to moderate 
hepatic impairment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Turncliff R.Z.
  Dunbar J.L.
  Dong Q.
  Silverman B.L.
  Ehrich E.W.
  Dilzer S.C.
  Lasseter K.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Turncliff R.Z., Ryan.Turncliff@Alkermes.com; Dunbar J.L.; Dong Q.; 
Silverman B.L.; Ehrich E.W.) Alkermes, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States.
(Dilzer S.C.; Lasseter K.C.) SFBC International, Miami, FL, United States.
(Turncliff R.Z., Ryan.Turncliff@Alkermes.com) Alkermes, Inc., 88 Sidney 
Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-4137, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.Z. Turncliff, Alkermes, Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-4137, 
United States. Email: Ryan.Turncliff@Alkermes.com
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2005) 45:11 (1259-1267). Date of 
Publication: November 2005
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Long-acting naltrexone is an extended-release formulation developed with the 
goal of continuous naltrexone exposure for 1 month for the treatment of 
alcohol dependence. The influence of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on 
naltrexone pharmacokinetics following long-acting naltrexone 190-mg 
administration was assessed. Subjects with mild (Child-Pugh grade A) and 
moderate (Child-Pugh grade B) hepatic impairment (n = 6 per group) and 
matched control subjects (n = 13) were enrolled. Naltrexone and 6β-naltrexol 
concentrations were determined over a period of 63 days following a single 
intramuscular dose. Naltrexone and 6β-naltrexol concentrations were detected 
in all subjects through 28 days. Total exposure (AUC (0-∞)) of naltrexone 
and 6β-naltrexol was similar across all groups. The long apparent half-lives 
of naltrexone and 6β-naltrexol (5-8 days) were attributed to the slow 
release of naltrexone (long-acting naltrexone exhibits absorption 
rate-limited elimination or "flip-flop" kinetics); elimination was not 
altered in subjects with hepatic impairment. Based on pharmacokinetic 
considerations, the dose of long-acting naltrexone does not need to be 
adjusted in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. ©2005 the 
American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  naltrexone (adverse drug reaction, drug concentration, drug dose, drug 
therapy, intramuscular drug administration, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  drug metabolite (adverse drug reaction, endogenous compound)
  naltrexol (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy)
  liver disease
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  area under the curve
  article
  clinical article
  controlled release formulation
  controlled study
  disease severity
  drug absorption
  drug blood level
  drug dose regimen
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug safety
  extended release formulation
  female
  headache (side effect)
  human
  male
  patient coding
  slow drug release
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  naltrexol (20410-98-4, 49625-89-0)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005482011
MEDLINE PMID
  16239359 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239359)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270005280199
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 767
TITLE
  £50K grants for education research
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2005) 275:7371 (495-496). Date of Publication: 15 
Oct 2005
ISSN
  0031-6873
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  bisoprolol (drug dose)
  bumetanide (drug dose)
  codeine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  financial management
  medical education
  pharmacy
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  compensation
  conference paper
  drug dose regimen
  drug labeling
  drunken driving
  feasibility study
  good clinical practice
  human
  information dissemination
  learning
  legal aspect
  licence
  medical ethics
  medical society
  medication error
  national health service
  online system
  paramedical personnel
  politics
  prescription
  professional standard
  punishment
  quality control
  registration
  research
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  bisoprolol (66722-44-9)
  bumetanide (28395-03-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005504667
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 768
TITLE
  Funding announced for pharmacists to undertake management of drug misuse 
training
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2005) 275:7370 (435). Date of Publication: 8 Oct 
2005
ISSN
  0031-6873
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  methadone (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse (drug therapy)
  financial management
  medical education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  general practitioner
  health care organization
  human
  note
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
  pharmacist
  practice guideline
  primary health care
  professional practice
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005473583
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 769
TITLE
  The effect of educational intervention on pharmacists' attitudes to 
substance misusers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jones L.
  Edge J.
  Love A.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jones L., Lynn.jones@swansea-tr.wales.nhs.uk; Edge J.; Love A.C.) Community 
Drug and Alcohol Team, Caebricks Road, Cwmbwrla, Swansea SA8 4NS, United 
Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. Jones, Community Drug and Alcohol Team, Caebricks Road, Cwmbwrla, Swansea 
SA8 4NS, United Kingdom. Email: Lynn.jones@swansea-tr.wales.nhs.uk
SOURCE
  Journal of Substance Use (2005) 10:5 (285-292). Date of Publication: Oct 
2005
ISSN
  1465-9891
  1475-9942 (electronic)
ABSTRACT
  The aim of this study was to determine if a conventional educational 
training evening influenced pharmacists' attitudes towards methadone 
substitution programmes and substance misusers. The sample consisted of 42 
community pharmacists who attended two locally organized training evenings 
dealing with aspects of methadone prescribing. The Abstinence Orientation 
Scale (AOS) measuring attitudes to abstinence-orientated methadone 
substitution programmes was administered. Attitudes towards substance users 
and knowledge of methadone were also assessed. Pharmacists completed scales 
immediately before and after the educational intervention and a month later. 
Pharmacist assistants completed questionnaires at baseline and at 1-month 
follow-up. The null hypothesis tested was that there was no significant 
attitudinal change following the educational intervention. The mean 
pharmacist AOS score indicated a relatively strong commitment to abstinence 
programmes which decreased with time (p<0.48). Pharmacist assistant scores 
showed a significant decrease at 1 month to a mean of 3.41 (p<0.046). Drug 
disapproval and methadone knowledge scores showed a non-statistically 
significant increase over the follow-up period for both groups. These 
results indicate that there is a minimal change in attitude towards 
methadone programmes; substance misuse and knowledge of methadone among 
pharmacists following structured educational training in this area. This 
suggests that alternative means of addressing these issues need to be 
considered. © 2005 Taylor & Francis.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
  health personnel attitude
  paramedical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  community care
  competence
  drug substitution
  follow up
  health program
  human
  methadone treatment
  pharmacist
  prescription
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  rating scale
  scoring system
  staff training
  statistical analysis
  statistical significance
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005447107
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14659890412331318903
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 770
TITLE
  How first-time-in-human studies are being performed: A survey of phase I 
dose-escalation trials in healthy volunteers published between 1995 and 2004
AUTHOR NAMES
  Buoen C.
  Bjerrum O.J.
  Thomsen M.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Buoen C.; Bjerrum O.J.) Department of Pharmacology, Danish University of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
(Thomsen M.S.) Prosidion Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom.
(Buoen C.) Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of 
Pharmacology, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Buoen, Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of 
Pharmacology, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2005) 45:10 (1123-1136). Date of 
Publication: October 2005
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  First-time-in-human studies are small, time-lagged dose-escalation studies 
including volunteer subjects evaluating safety and tolerability. There is 
little consensus in the design of a first-time-in-human study, and it is 
difficult to get an overview of studies performed. One hundred five studies 
comprising 3323 healthy volunteers published in the 5 major clinical 
pharmacology journals since 1995 were analyzed. The average trial was 
placebo controlled, double blind including 32 subjects at 5 dose levels but 
with great variation in cohort size and dose-escalation method. The parallel 
single-dose design was the most common design, with the crossover designs 
being more frequent in the early publications. Despite discussions on the 
optimization of phase I trials, little seems to be happening. The 
development of study designs and evaluation methods for cancer trials is 
extensive, but formal statistically based methods and more scientific study 
designs are unusual in phase I dose-escalation trials in healthy volunteers. 
©2005 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antacid agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antidiabetic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antiemetic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  anthelmintic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antianemic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  anticoagulant agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  anticonvulsive agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antihistaminic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antihypertensive agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antiinflammatory agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antiparasitic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  antivirus agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  cardiac agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  hypophysis hormone (clinical trial, drug dose)
  hypothalamus hormone (clinical trial, drug dose)
  immunosuppressive agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  psychotropic agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  respiratory tract agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
  sex hormone (clinical trial, drug dose)
  urinary tract agent (clinical trial, drug dose)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical research
  health survey
  phase 1 clinical trial
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  crossover procedure
  dose response
  double blind procedure
  drug safety
  drug tolerability
  evaluation study
  human
  human experiment
  medical literature
  meta analysis
  multiple drug abuse
  normal human
  process optimization
  randomized controlled trial
  review
  single drug dose
  statistical analysis
  systematic review
  volunteer
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Aventis
  Bayer
  DuPont Merck
  Hamamatsu
  Hoechst Marion Roussel
  Hoffmann La Roche
  Johnson and Johnson
  Merck
  Novo Nordisk
  Orion
  Pfizer
  Pharmos
  Rhone Poulenc Rorer
  Vertex
  Wyeth
  Yamanouchi
  Yoshitomi
  Zeneca
  Zeria
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  hypophysis hormone (85883-81-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005432725
MEDLINE PMID
  16172177 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16172177)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270005279943
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 771
TITLE
  Self-reported medication use in community-residing older adults: A pilot 
study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Roth M.T.
  Ivey J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Roth M.T., mroth@unc.edu) Division of Pharmaceutical Policy and Evaluative 
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, CB 7360 Kerr 
Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, United States.
(Ivey J.L.) School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, CB 7360 Kerr 
Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.T. Roth, Division of Pharmaceutical Policy and Evaluative Sciences, School 
of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7360 Kerr Hall, 
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, United States. Email: mroth@unc.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal Geriatric Pharmacotherapy (2005) 3:3 (196-204). Date of 
Publication: September 2005
ISSN
  1543-5946
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc., 105 Raider Blvd, Suite 101, Hillsborough, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Older adults (ie, those aged ≥65 years) are at increased risk of 
developing drug therapy problems, which may lead to poor health outcomes and 
decreased quality of life. Objective: The primary goal of this pilot study 
was to evaluate and report medication use and potential drug therapy 
problems in older adults who received Eldercare program assistance through 
the Orange County Department on Aging in North Carolina. Methods: Between 
May and July 2002, subjects were consecutively sampled from a registry of 
adults aged ≥60 years enrolled in the Eldercare program. To be eligible for 
the study, individuals had to be receiving the services of the Eldercare 
program, speak English, and reside independently in the community of Orange 
County. The older adults were contacted by the program director to determine 
interest in participating in the study. If interested, the individual was 
contacted by a trained pharmacy doctoral student to verify study eligibility 
and arrange a home visit. At the home visit, information was collected via 
self-report on medication use and medical history. Nonadherence, potentially 
inappropriate prescribing, health literacy, and functional capacity were 
also assessed. All home visits were conducted between May and July 2002. 
Results: A total of 100 subjects were interviewed. The mean (SD) age of 
respondents was 77.5 (8.7) years; 85% were women, 66% were white, 34% black, 
and 70% lived alone. The mean (SD) number of prescription medications used 
per patient was 9.6 (4.1). Adequate health literacy, defined as a score ≥23 
(range of possible scores, 0-36) on the Short Test of Functional Health 
Literacy in Adults, was documented in only 35% of individuals. Twenty-five 
percent of the sample (25/100) had reduced functional capacity when 
evaluated on the Functional Activities Questionnaire, with total scores ≥10 
(range of possible scores, 10-30) indicative of reduced functional ability. 
Rates of nonadherence, defined as a score of 0 to 3 on the 4-item Morisky 
instrument, were 53%. When evaluating inappropriate prescribing based on the 
Beers criteria, 34% of individuals used ≥1 potentially inappropriate 
medication. In bivariate analyses, there was a statistically significant 
relationship between race and number of medications (P < 0.002), adherence 
(P < 0.001), health literacy status (P < 0.001), and functional capacity (P 
< 0.027). No differences were noted when examining the effects of age on the 
same variables. Conclusions: In this study, older adults residing 
independently in the community were responsible for managing and taking a 
considerable number of medications on a daily basis. In addition, inadequate 
health literacy, poor adherence, and potentially inappropriate medication 
use were prevalent in this sample. The results also suggest that race may 
have played an important role in the risk of developing medication-related 
problems. Copyright © 2005 Excerpta Medica, Inc.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aging
  drug utilization
  self report
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  female
  functional assessment
  health behavior
  health promotion
  health status
  high risk population
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medication error
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  pilot study
  prescription
  prevalence
  priority journal
  race difference
  responsibility
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005522573
MEDLINE PMID
  16257822 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257822)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1543-5946(05)80026-1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 772
TITLE
  Effects of honokiol and magnolol on beta-endorphin in relieving morphine 
withdrawal symptoms in rats
AUTHOR NAMES
  Huang D.-B.
  Yu Z.-F.
  Li Q.-W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Huang D.-B.) Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Hubei National 
College, Enshi 445000 Hubei Province, China.
(Yu Z.-F.; Li Q.-W.) Foreign Language College, Medical College of Hubei 
National College, Enshi 445000 Hubei Province, China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.-B. Huang, Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Hubei National 
College, Enshi 445000 Hubei Province, China.
SOURCE
  Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation (2005) 9:32 (230-231). Date of 
Publication: 28 Aug 2005
ISSN
  1671-5926
ABSTRACT
  Background: It has been verified pharmacologically that honokiol (HL) and 
magnolol (ML) have distinct effects on central inhibition and muscle 
relaxation, and some reports prove that they can relieve morphine withdrawal 
symptoms in animals. Objective: To explore the effects of HL and ML on 
β-endorphin (β-EP) in relieving morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats. 
Design: Randomized controlled study. Setting: Pharmacological Department, 
the Medical School of Hubei national College. Participants: The experiment 
was conducted from 13 to 29 April, 2003. Among 100 adult male SD rats, 30 
rats as control group were randomly divided into three subgroups: saline 
group, HL group and ML group with 10 in each group. The other 70 rats as 
morphine-dependent group were divided into normal saline group, 5, 40 and 80 
mg/kg HL and ML groups with 10 in each group. Methods: 0.2 mL normal saline, 
80 mg/kg HL and 80 mg/kg ML were injected intraperitoneally into rats in 
control group. The dose of morphine subcutaneously injected was increased in 
the rats in morphine-dependent group for 6 days to establish the model of 
acute morphine dependence and model of natural morphine withdrawal symptoms. 
The last injection was performed at 9:00 on the morning of day 6, and the 
intraperitoneal injection was performed at 10:30 on the same morning. 0.2 mL 
normal saline was injected into the rats of saline group. 5, 40 and 80 mg/kg 
HL and 5, 40 and 80 mg/kg ML were given to rats in the other six groups, 
respectively. Starting from 11:00, half an hour later, all natural morphine 
withdrawal symptoms were observed in rats within an hour. Main outcome 
measure: 1 The amount of β-EP was assayed in each group. 2 Scores of natural 
morphine withdrawal symptoms were compared among rats in the 7 
morphine-dependent subgroups. Results: 1 β-EP level in CSF: It was obviously 
higher in HL, ML and control groups than in normal saline group (P < 0.01), 
and HL group had higher β-EP level than ML group (P < 0.05). β-EP level was 
obviously lower in morphine-dependent+saline groups than in control+saline 
groups (P < 0.01). β-EP level in morphine-dependent+5, 40 and 80 mg/kg HL 
groups and in morphine-dependent+5, 40 and 80 mg/kg ML groups was obviously 
higher than that in saline group (P < 0.01), and it had dose-effect 
relationship. 2 Scores of natural morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats of 
morphine-dependent group: Scores of wetshakes, penile licking, escape 
attempts, and weight lost in HL and ML subgroups were obviously lower than 
those in saline group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: HL and ML can markedly 
restrain morphine withdrawal symptoms and this restraint is related to the 
increase of β-EP level in the brain. HL and ML have equal inhibitory effects 
on morphine-dependent rats, but HL is more effective than ML in normal rats.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  beta endorphin (endogenous compound)
  honokiol (drug development, drug dose, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  magnolol (drug development, drug dose, drug therapy, intraperitoneal drug 
administration, pharmacology)
  morphine (drug dose, subcutaneous drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  sodium chloride
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  dose response
  drug mechanism
  male
  morphine addiction (drug therapy)
  muscle relaxation
  nonhuman
  rat
  treatment outcome
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (China)Qinghai
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  beta endorphin (59887-17-1)
  honokiol (35354-74-6)
  magnolol (528-43-8)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Chinese
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005500968
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 773
TITLE
  Double standards [8]
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zaidi F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zaidi F.)
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2005) 275:7356 (19). Date of Publication: 2 Jul 2005
ISSN
  0031-6873
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  accreditation
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  competence
  drug dependence
  health hazard
  human
  letter
  paramedical disciplines
  paramedical profession
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  professional practice
  public health service
  registration
  wellbeing
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005302923
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 774
TITLE
  Statewide evaluation of a tobacco cessation curriculum for pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Corelli R.L.
  Kroon L.A.
  Chung E.P.
  Sakamoto L.M.
  Gundersen B.
  Fenlon C.M.
  Hudmon K.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Corelli R.L.; Kroon L.A.; Hudmon K.S., karen.hudmon@yale.edu) Department of 
Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San 
Francisco, United States.
(Chung E.P.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, W. University of Health 
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, United States.
(Sakamoto L.M.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern 
California, School of Pharmacy, United States.
(Gundersen B.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Pacific, 
Thomas J. Long Sch. Pharm. Hlth. S., United States.
(Fenlon C.M.; Hudmon K.S., karen.hudmon@yale.edu) Dept. of Epidemiol. and 
Pub. Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New 
Haven, CT 06520, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.S. Hudmon, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Yale University, School of 
Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. Email: 
karen.hudmon@yale.edu
SOURCE
  Preventive Medicine (2005) 40:6 (888-895). Date of Publication: June 2005
ISSN
  0091-7435
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Academic Press Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Background. Previous studies suggest that healthcare professionals are 
inadequately trained to treat tobacco use and dependence. Because even brief 
interventions from clinicians improve patient quit rates, widespread 
implementation of effective tobacco cessation training programs for health 
professional students is needed. Methods. Pharmacy students received 7-8 h 
of comprehensive tobacco cessation training. Participants completed pre- and 
post-program surveys assessing perceived overall abilities for cessation 
counseling, skills for key facets of cessation counseling (Ask, Advise, 
Assess, Assist, Arrange), and self-efficacy for counseling. Results. A total 
of 493 students (82.3%) completed linkable pre- and post-training 
evaluations. Self-reported abilities, measured on a five-point scale, 
increased significantly from 1.89 ± 0.89 to 3.53 ± 0.72 (P < 0.001). 
Twenty-two percent of students rated their overall counseling abilities as 
good, very good, or excellent before the training versus 94% of students 
after the training. Eighty-seven percent of students indicated the training 
will increase the number of patients that they counsel; 97% believed it will 
increase the quality of their cessation counseling. Conclusions. 
Comprehensive training significantly improved pharmacy students' perceived 
confidence and ability to provide tobacco cessation counseling. The 
curriculum is applicable to other health professional training programs and 
currently is being used to train pharmacy, medical, nursing, and dental 
students. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  education program
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  controlled study
  evaluation study
  health care delivery
  health care personnel
  health care quality
  health program
  health survey
  human
  medical education
  medical school
  medical student
  patient counseling
  preventive medicine
  priority journal
  self report
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005197279
MEDLINE PMID
  15850892 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15850892)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.10.003
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 775
TITLE
  The corporate coauthor
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fugh-Berman A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fugh-Berman A., ajf29@georgetown.edu) Department of Physiology and 
Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United 
States.
(Fugh-Berman A., ajf29@georgetown.edu) Department of Physiology and 
Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Box 571460, 
Washington, DC 20051-1460, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Fugh-Berman, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown 
University School of Medicine, Box 571460, Washington, DC 20051-1460, United 
States. Email: ajf29@georgetown.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of General Internal Medicine (2005) 20:6 (546-548). Date of 
Publication: June 2005
ISSN
  0884-8734
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York LLC, 233 Springer Street, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Drug marketing techniques include the sponsorship of articles signed by 
academic physicians or researchers and submitted to peer-reviewed medical 
journals. Some of these articles are authored or coauthored by ghostwriters 
who work for pharmaceutical companies or medical education companies hired 
by pharmaceutical companies. Conflicts of interest may be difficult to 
detect in the subset of articles and presentations sponsored by 
pharmaceutical companies that never mention the targeted drug, but focus on 
stimulating the perceived need for the targeted drug or highlighting 
problems with competing drugs. The current voluntary standards for declaring 
conflicts of interest to readers of medical journals and audiences at 
medical conferences are inadequate. A public database that contains 
conflicts of interest of physicians and researchers would be useful.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  writing
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  data base
  drug marketing
  medical literature
  peer review
  physician
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005325854
MEDLINE PMID
  15987332 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15987332)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.05857.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 776
TITLE
  Smoking habits among pharmacy students at a University in central Saudi 
Arabia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Al-Arifi M.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Al-Arifi M.N., malarifi@ksu.edu.sa) College of Pharmacy, King Saud 
University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.N. Al-Arifi, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, 
Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Email: malarifi@ksu.edu.sa
SOURCE
  Saudi Medical Journal (2005) 26:5 (893-895). Date of Publication: May 2005
ISSN
  0379-5284
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Saudi Arabian Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical student
  pharmacy
  smoking habit
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  age
  article
  attitude
  awareness
  bladder cancer
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  controlled study
  coping behavior
  data analysis
  demography
  disease association
  education program
  family life
  gastrointestinal disease
  health hazard
  health personnel attitude
  heart disease
  human
  human relation
  job performance
  lung cancer
  mental stress
  newborn mortality
  Parkinson disease
  patient counseling
  pharmacist
  prevalence
  public health
  public health service
  questionnaire
  reliability
  risk factor
  Saudi Arabia
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  social aspect
  tobacco dependence
  university
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis (15)
  Cancer (16)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Urology and Nephrology (28)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005292210
MEDLINE PMID
  15951896 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15951896)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 777
TITLE
  Impact of a pharmaceutical care program in a community pharmacy on patients 
with dyslipidemia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Paulós C.P.
  Akesson Nygren C.E.
  Celedón C.
  Cárcamo C.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Paulós C.P., cpaulos@fasa.cl) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fac. Cie. 
Quimicas Y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
(Paulós C.P., cpaulos@fasa.cl) Pharmaceutical Services, Farmacias Ahumada 
S.A., Santiago, Chile.
(Akesson Nygren C.E.) Instituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, 
Valdivia, Chile.
(Celedón C.; Cárcamo C.A.) Farmacias Ahumada S.A., .
(Paulós C.P., cpaulos@fasa.cl) Universidad de Chile, Fac. Cie. Quimicas Y 
Farmaceuticas, Olivos 1001, Of. 209, Indepencia, Santiago, Chile.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.P. Paulós, Universidad de Chile, Fac. Cie. Quimicas Y Farmaceuticas, 
Olivos 1001, Of. 209, Indepencia, Santiago, Chile. Email: cpaulos@fasa.cl
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2005) 39:5 (939-943). Date of Publication: May 
2005
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: Inappropriate use of medications is a significant problem in 
health care today. A possible solution to this problem may be achieved 
through better control of patients' drug therapy. OBJECTIVE: To design a 
pharmaceutical care program for dyslipidemic patients within a community 
pharmacy setting that provides education in the areas of medication 
compliance and lifestyle modifications, while emphasizing the importance of 
achieving cholesterol goals to ensure improvement in quality of life. 
METHODS: Patients at an outpatient pharmacy volunteered to be surveyed for 
16 weeks. Although both the intervention and control groups were surveyed, 
the randomly selected intervention group was interviewed more frequently and 
more comprehensively. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, weight, risk 
factors, drug-related problems (DRPs), and quality of life were measured via 
a survey at the onset of the study and continually measured until the 
study's conclusion. RESULTS: In the intervention group, 26 DRPs were 
detected, of which 24 were resolved; in the control group, 26 DRPs were 
detected, of which 5 were resolved. When comparing initial and final blood 
cholesterol levels in the intervention group, the mean decrease was 27.0 ± 
41.1 mg/dL (p = 0.0266); in the control group, the average blood cholesterol 
level decreased by a mean of 1.4 ± 37.2 mg/dL (p = 0.6624). In the 
intervention group, the triglyceride level decreased an average of 50.5 
±80.3 mg/dL (p = 0.0169), while the control group experienced a mean 
triglyceride level increase of 29.6 ± 118.5 mg/dL (p = 0.1435). As a result 
of the intervention, the quality of life in the intervention group was 
improved. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term pharmaceutical care plans developed in a 
retail pharmacy within the proper setting may contribute to improved blood 
lipid values, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and patients' quality of 
life.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  atorvastatin (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  cholesterol (endogenous compound)
  glucose (endogenous compound)
  triacylglycerol (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dyslipidemia (disease management, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  body weight
  cardiovascular risk
  cholesterol blood level
  clinical article
  controlled study
  female
  glucose blood level
  health program
  health survey
  human
  interview
  lifestyle
  male
  outpatient
  patient compliance
  patient education
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
  priority journal
  quality of life
  review
  triacylglycerol blood level
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (1553-55-5)
  atorvastatin (134523-00-5, 134523-03-8)
  cholesterol (57-88-5)
  glucose (50-99-7, 84778-64-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005190616
MEDLINE PMID
  15827075 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15827075)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1E347
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 778
TITLE
  Tobacco education in U.S. schools of pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hudmon K.S.
  Bardel K.
  Kroon L.A.
  Fenlon C.M.
  Corelli R.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hudmon K.S., karen.hudmon@yale.edu; Fenlon C.M.) Department of Epidemiology 
and Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, 60 College Street, 
New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
(Bardel K.; Kroon L.A.; Corelli R.L.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 
School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.S. Hudmon, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology 
and Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States. 
Email: karen.hudmon@yale.edu
SOURCE
  Nicotine and Tobacco Research (2005) 7:2 (225-232). Date of Publication: 
April 2005
ISSN
  1462-2203
  1469-994X (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Routledge, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  This study is the first to characterize tobacco-related content in pharmacy 
school curricula in the United States. A national survey mailed to 83 U.S. 
schools of pharmacy assessed the extent to which tobacco is addressed in 
required coursework, educational methods of instruction, perceived 
importance of addressing tobacco in the doctor of pharmacy degree program, 
perceived adequacy of current levels of tobacco education in curricula, and 
perceived barriers to enhancing the tobacco-related content. A total of 82 
surveys (98.8% response) revealed a median of 170 min of tobacco education 
throughout the doctor of pharmacy program. The most heavily emphasized 
topics are aids for cessation, assisting patients with quitting, nicotine 
pharmacology and principles of addiction, and drug interactions with 
smoking, yet more than 40% of respondents believed that each of these topics 
was covered inadequately. Key barriers to enhancing tobacco training are 
lack of curriculum time and lack of clinical clerkship sites focusing on 
tobacco interventions. Pharmacy faculty members perceive tobacco cessation 
training to be important, yet a mismatch exists between the perceived 
importance and the perceived adequacy of current levels of training in 
pharmacy school curricula. The results of this study will serve as a 
baseline measure against which future, parallel assessments will be compared 
as faculty at schools of pharmacy across the United States work together 
toward enhancing the tobacco cessation training of student pharmacists. © 
2005 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  smoking
  tobacco
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  controlled study
  curriculum
  education program
  health survey
  human
  human experiment
  medical school
  medical student
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  priority journal
  rating scale
  smoking cessation
  smoking habit
  statistical analysis
  statistical significance
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005276232
MEDLINE PMID
  16036279 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16036279)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200500055392
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 779
TITLE
  On the front line of smoking cessation: Pharmacists' practices and 
self-perception
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brewster J.M.
  Ashley M.J.
  Laurier C.
  Dioso R.
  Charles Victor J.
  Ferrence R.
  Cohen J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brewster J.M., joan_brewster@camh.net; Ashley M.J.; Charles Victor J.; 
Ferrence R.; Cohen J.) Department of Public Health Sciences, University of 
Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Brewster J.M., joan_brewster@camh.net; Ashley M.J.; Dioso R.; Charles 
Victor J.; Ferrence R.; Cohen J.) Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, 
Ont., Canada.
(Laurier C.) Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., 
Canada.
(Brewster J.M., joan_brewster@camh.net) Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 33 
Russell Street, Toronto, Ont. M5S 2S1, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.M. Brewster, Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, 
Ont. M5S 2S1, Canada. Email: joan_brewster@camh.net
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (2005) 138:3 (32-38). Date of Publication: 
Apr 2005
ISSN
  0828-6914
ABSTRACT
  Background: Pharmacists can be effective in helping patients to quit 
smoking, and opportunities for such interaction have been facilitated by 
legislative change making nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) available 
without prescription in Canada. However, there are no previous studies of 
Canadian pharmacists' preparation for, perception of, or practices regarding 
their roles in smoking cessation. Methods: Practising community pharmacists 
in four Canadian provinces were surveyed about their tobacco-related 
education and knowledge, practice environment, perceptions of their roles 
and practices related to helping people quit smoking, and factors perceived 
to facilitate tobacco-related practice. Results: A corrected response rate 
of 72% was obtained, giving a weighted n of 960 responses. Most pharmacists 
reported good or excellent knowledge of the health effects of smoking and 
the use of NRT in smoking cessation. Fewer reported being knowledgeable 
about behavioural approaches to quitting smoking. Advising patients about 
NRT was seen as a more important role for pharmacists than giving patients 
pamphlets or behavioural counselling. Pharmacists' reported practices 
corresponded to their knowledge and judged importance of roles; pharmacists 
were not proactive in approaching patients about smoking, but when smokers 
were identified, pharmacists gave brief advice about the use of NRT. 
Respondents reported that their smoking cessation practice was facilitated 
by their own knowledge and skills, patients' interest in quitting, 
opportunities for patient interaction, and the support of pharmacy 
management for patient counselling. Conclusions: Improving pharmacist 
education in patient counselling and behavioural approaches to smoking 
cessation would help to develop skills in initiating discussions about 
smoking and would give pharmacists a wider range of options to help patients 
quit smoking.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nicotine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  behavior modification
  Canada
  education
  human
  nicotine replacement therapy
  patient counseling
  perception
  pharmacy
  prescription
  review
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy, therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  nicotine (54-11-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005449770
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 780
TITLE
  Heroin-dependence and detoxification in the expression of brain-derived 
neurotrophic factor in rat
AUTHOR NAMES
  Luo Q.-H.
  Ma Z.-T.
  Yu H.-P.
  Du X.-D.
  Meng H.-Q.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Luo Q.-H., doctorlqh@hotmail.com; Yu H.-P.; Du X.-D.; Meng H.-Q.) Mental 
Health Center, Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, 
China.
(Ma Z.-T.) Pinghu Section, Three Gorges Central Hospital, Fuling 404000, 
China.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Q.-H. Luo, Mental Health Center, Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 
Chongqing 400016, China. Email: doctorlqh@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation (2005) 9:12 (252-254). Date of 
Publication: Mar 2005
ISSN
  1671-5926
ABSTRACT
  Background: Multiple applications of opium medicines can induce the 
accommodative changes of morphology and function in some intracerebral. 
nerve positions. These accommodative changes are important neurobiological 
bases inducing drug-desire and re-addiction after detoxification. However, 
the actual molecular mechanism is unclear at present. Objective: To 
investigate the impacts of the generation of heroin-dependence and 
detoxification on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat to provide 
a laboratorial gist for the participation of BDNS in heroin-dependence and 
detoxification. Design: A randomized controlled study by employing 
experimental animals as subjects. Setting: Mental health center of a medical 
university affiliated hospital. Materials: The study was conducted in the 
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical 
University between March 2004 and July 2004. Totally 30 inbreeding clean 
male SD rats with a bodymass between 200 g and 250 g were obtained from the 
Experimental Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University of 
Chinese PLA. Rats were randomly divided into blank control group(control 
group), heroin-dependent group (heroin group), and naloxone detoxification 
group(naloxone group) with 10 rats each. Methods: Morphine was 
subcutaneously injected into the rat with dose-increasing method to 
establish heroin-dependence rat model. Rats of naloxone group received 
subcutaneously injection of 2 mg/kg of naloxone to excite abstinent 
symptoms. The same dose of normal saline(NS) was injected in rats of control 
group. Model rats of each group were observed biologically and behaviorally. 
BDNF expression at different brain zone of rats in three different groups 
was tested with immunohistochemistry and digoxin-labeled oligonucleoide 
probe in situ hybridization technique. Main outcome measures: 1 The 
comparison of BDNF protein, BDNFmRNA mean optical density in the brain of 
rats among each group; 2 Comparison of the evaluation of abstinent symptoms 
in rats of each group. Results: In the heroin group, the relative content of 
BDNF protein was higher in frontal lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and 
hippocampus, than that of the control group(P < 0.05); BDNFmRNA relative 
content was higher in frontal lobe cortex than that of the control group(P < 
0.05). In naloxone group, BDNF and its mRNA relative contents in frontal 
lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and hippocampus were higher than that of heroin 
group and control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Chronic administration of 
heroin could affect BDNF protein and its mRNA expressions in the 
corresponding brain areas of the rats, which suggests that the change of 
BDNF expression participates in heroin-dependence and detoxification.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  brain derived neurotrophic factor (endogenous compound)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  messenger RNA (endogenous compound)
  morphine (subcutaneous drug administration)
  naloxone (drug therapy, subcutaneous drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  detoxification
  heroin dependence (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abstinence
  animal experiment
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  drug response
  frontal lobe
  hippocampus
  immunohistochemistry
  in situ hybridization
  locus ceruleus
  male
  nonhuman
  rat
  statistical analysis
  statistical significance
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Beijing Sihuan Pharmaceuticals
  Shenyang
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  brain derived neurotrophic factor (218441-99-7)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Chinese
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005266014
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 781
TITLE
  Suggested guidelines for pharmacotherapy curricula in family medicine 
residency training: Recommendations from the society of teachers of family 
medicine group on pharmacotherapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bazaldua O.
  Ables A.Z.
  Dickerson L.M.
  Hansen L.
  Harris I.
  Hoehns J.
  Jackson E.
  Kraus C.
  Mayville H.
  Saseen J.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bazaldua O., bazaldua@uthscsa.edu) Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, 
San Antonio, TX, United States.
(Ables A.Z.) Spartanburg Fam. Med. Residency P., Spartanburg, SC, United 
States.
(Dickerson L.M.) Medical University of South Carolina, .
(Hansen L.; Saseen J.J.) University of Colorado, .
(Harris I.) University of Minnesota, .
(Hoehns J.) University of Iowa, .
(Jackson E.) University of Connecticut, .
(Kraus C.) University of Wisconsin, .
(Mayville H.) Lehigh Valley Hospital, Lehigh, PA, United States.
(Bazaldua O., bazaldua@uthscsa.edu) Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, 
7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O. Bazaldua, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, 
San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States. Email: bazaldua@uthscsa.edu
SOURCE
  Family Medicine (2005) 37:2 (99-104). Date of Publication: February 2005
ISSN
  0742-3225
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, Ste 540, Leawood, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Rational drug use has increasingly received public policy attention in 
efforts to maintain quality health care at lower costs. Prescribing habits 
are developed during residency training, and education regarding rational 
drug use should be an integral part of the residency curricula. Considering 
that many medical errors in family medicine are related to incorrect 
medication management, there is need for a focused education in 
pharmacotherapy. This paper outlines suggested guidelines for 
pharmacotherapy curricula in family medicine residency training, as 
recommended by the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine Group on 
Pharmacotherapy. A pharmacotherapy curriculum should include common 
conditions managed in family medicine, as well as general principles of 
pharmacotherapy. This should allow for repeated exposure to core topics over 
a 3-year cycle and be delivered in various settings (didactic teaching, 
longitudinal active learning, point-of-care education, and rotations). The 
curriculum should apply and evaluate pharmacotherapy education according to 
the six core competencies of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical 
Education (ACGME). Although physician faculty can be responsible for 
pharmacotherapy education, a clinical pharmacist is uniquely qualified to 
provide this service. Overall, family medicine residents need comprehensive 
instruction in pharmacotherapy to develop rational prescribing habits. A 
structured pharmacotherapy curriculum may assist in achieving this goal and 
in meeting the ACGME core competencies for residency training.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  family medicine
  residency education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction (disease management)
  cardiovascular disease (disease management)
  clinical pharmacy
  competence
  curriculum
  education program
  endocrine disease (disease management)
  gastrointestinal disease (disease management)
  hospital information system
  infection (disease management)
  intoxication (disease management)
  lung disease (disease management)
  male genital system disease (disease management)
  maternal disease (disease management)
  mental disease (disease management)
  musculoskeletal disease (disease management)
  neurologic disease (disease management)
  osteoporosis (disease management)
  practice guideline
  resident
  review
  skin disease (disease management)
  teacher
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005068117
MEDLINE PMID
  15690249 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15690249)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 782
TITLE
  Evaluation of pharmacists' interventions at a university teaching hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Olson L.M.
  Desai S.
  Soto M.L.
  Namazifard S.
  Quelland A.K.
  Erstad B.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Olson L.M.) University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, 1703 E. Mabel 
Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States.
(Olson L.M.) Department of Critical Care, Advocate Christ Medical Center, 
Oak Lawn, IL, United States.
(Desai S.) H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.
(Soto M.L.) El Rio Disease State Mgmt. Program, Tucson, AZ, United States.
(Namazifard S.; Quelland A.K.) University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, United 
States.
(Erstad B.L., erstad@pharmacy.arizona.edu) Dept. of Pharmacy 
Practice/Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.L. Erstad, Dept. of Pharmacy Practice/Science, College of Pharmacy, 
University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United 
States. Email: erstad@pharmacy.arizona.edu
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (2005) 58:1 (20-25). Date of 
Publication: Feb 2005
ISSN
  0008-4123
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: The primary purpose of this pilot study was to help justify the 
positions of clinical pharmacists by identifying and describing the 
interventions most likely to have the greatest impact on patient care in 
terms of severity of medication-related problems and associated costs. A 
secondary objective was to identify potential problems related to data 
collection and cost estimation, to allow appropriate changes in 
documentation procedures for future data collection. Methods: All clinical 
interventions by staff pharmacists reported at a university medical centre 
during the period September to November 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. 
The focus was on interventions that prevented adverse drug events (described 
as very serious and serious on documentation forms). The cost impact was 
analyzed in terms of cost savings attained by shortening a planned course of 
drug therapy and cost avoidance achieved by avoiding adverse drug events. 
Results: Five pharmacists reported a total of 47 interventions. 
Approximately twice as many of the avoided adverse drug events were deemed 
serious as were deemed very serious. A substantial proportion of the 
interventions (21 [45%]) took approximately 15 to 30 min to perform. Order 
clarification and corrections and provision of drug information accounted 
for the most interventions (17 [36%] and 15 [32%], respectively). 
Approximately 60% of all interventions were classified as subtherapeutic 
dosing (10 [21%]), untreated disease states (6 [13%]), potential overdose (6 
[13%]), and failure to receive drug (5 [11%]). According to published work 
on the cost of adverse drug events, the total cost avoidance for the 33 
preventable adverse drug events reported by pharmacists in this study was 
US$84,631 and the cost-benefit ratio was 1.2. One of the problems noted in 
the economic analysis was the difficulty in assigning more specific cost 
figures to each of the interventions that was estimated to result in more 
than US$1000 in cost savings. Conclusions: Pharmacists can play an important 
role in preventing medication-related problems (particularly adverse drug 
events), and the interventions they perform are cost-beneficial.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital pharmacy
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical pharmacy
  cost benefit analysis
  cost control
  disease severity
  drug dose regimen
  drug information
  drug overdose
  drug safety
  economic evaluation
  health economics
  hospital personnel
  human
  information processing
  medical documentation
  patient care
  pilot study
  retrospective study
  teaching hospital
  treatment planning
  university hospital
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005126199
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 783
TITLE
  An evaluation of managing and educating patients on the risk of 
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
AUTHOR NAMES
  McDonough R.P.
  Doucette W.R.
  Kumbera P.
  Klepser D.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McDonough R.P.; Doucette W.R., william-doucette@uiowa.edu) University of 
Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, United States.
(Kumbera P.) Outcomes Pharmaceutical Hlth. C., Des Moines, IA, United 
States.
(Doucette W.R., william-doucette@uiowa.edu) Ctr. Improving Medication Use 
Comm., University of Iowa, S518 PHAR, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
(Klepser D.G.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.R. Doucette, Ctr. Improving Medication Use Comm., University of Iowa, S518 
PHAR, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States. Email: william-doucette@uiowa.edu
SOURCE
  Value in Health (2005) 8:1 (24-31). Date of Publication: January/February 
2005
ISSN
  1098-3015
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To assess the impact of risk management activities on patient 
risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Methods: Ninety-six adult 
patients taking chronic glucocorticoid therapy in 15 community pharmacies. 
Patients in the control group received usual and customary care. Patients in 
the treatment pharmacies received education and an educational pamphlet 
about the risks of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In addition, the 
treatment group pharmacists monitored the patients' drug therapy, to 
identify and address drug-related problems. Data including the 
glucocorticoid taken by the patient, medications, and osteoporosis risk 
factors were collected at baseline and after 9 months of monitoring, via 
Web-based survey completed in the pharmacy. Using an intent to treat 
approach, the pre-post frequency changes were compared with contrasts for 
presence of bisphosphonate therapy, presence of estrogen therapy, presence 
of calcium supplement, discussion of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis 
risk, discussion of bone density test, presence of bone mineral density 
test, reported inactivity, and reported low calcium diet. Results: The 
contrast was significant in favor of the treatment pharmacies for the 
frequency of patients taking a calcium supplement (Control [-6.9%] vs. 
Treatment [17.1%], P < 0.05). No other contrast was significant. 
Conclusions: Community pharmacists are capable of increasing calcium 
supplementation among patients at risk for glucocorticoid-induced 
osteoporosis. Pharmacists who educate at-risk patients can impact the 
self-care of these patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  glucocorticoid (adverse drug reaction, drug dose)
  prednisolone (adverse drug reaction, drug dose)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  bisphosphonic acid derivative
  calcium
  estrogen
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  osteoporosis (side effect, therapy)
  patient care
  patient education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  bone density
  controlled study
  drug monitoring
  estrogen therapy
  female
  health survey
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical assessment
  patient monitoring
  pharmacy
  priority journal
  risk factor
  self care
  vitamin supplementation
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  calcium (7440-70-2)
  prednisolone (50-24-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Orthopedic Surgery (33)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2005097758
MEDLINE PMID
  15841891 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15841891)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04007.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 784
TITLE
  The impact of pharmaceutical care practice on the practitioner and the 
patient in the ambulatory practice setting: Twenty-five years of experience
AUTHOR NAMES
  Strand L.M.
  Cipolle R.J.
  Morley P.C.
  Frakes M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Strand L.M., pipc@umn.edu; Cipolle R.J.; Morley P.C.; Frakes M.J.) Peters 
Inst. of Pharmaceutical Care, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 
308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0343, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.M. Strand, Peters Inst. of Pharmaceutical Care, College of Pharmacy, 
University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0343, 
United States. Email: pipc@umn.edu
SOURCE
  Current Pharmaceutical Design (2004) 10:31 (3987-4001). Date of Publication: 
2004
ISSN
  1381-6128
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Bentham Science Publishers B.V., P.O. Box 294, Bussum, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  This manuscript reviews 25 years of experience that include developing the 
practice of pharmaceutical care and initiating new practices. The impact 
this practice has on practitioners in the ambulatory setting is described as 
well as data that reflect its clinical and economic impact. There is a great 
need to prepare new practitioners to provide pharmaceutical care. A focused 
training program was developed and delivered to over 300 practitioners. The 
practitioners were prepared by providing direct patient care. They learned 
the philosophy of pharmaceutical care practice, to identify, resolve and 
prevent drug therapy problems, to document care using a specially designed 
software program called the Assurance Pharmaceutical Care© program. The 
practitioners who participated in the training program reported that the 
average amount of time spent with patients increased three-fold, they now 
see four times more patients than prior to training, and the number of new 
patients referred by physicians increased nine-fold as a result of the 
program. These practitioners have now provided care to more than 25,000 
patients in their practices. These data have now been consolidated and 
analyzed, and a portion of these results is reported here. The clinical and 
economic outcomes from 2,985 adult patients, who received pharmaceutical 
care between January, 2000 and December, 2003, are presented. At the first 
assessment by the pharmaceutical care practitioner, 61% of the patients had 
one or more drug therapy problems identified and resolved. This resulted in 
an improvement in the clinical status or maintaining a stable status in 83% 
of the patients. The health care savings realized from pharmaceutical care 
were $1,134,162. This represented a benefit to cost ratio of 2:1. Physicians 
who collaborate with pharmaceutical care practitioners have validated the 
work of the practitioners, and patients are recognizing the benefits of 
pharmaceutical care. © 2004 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (adverse drug reaction)
  alendronic acid (drug therapy)
  amfebutamone (drug therapy)
  amitriptyline (drug therapy)
  atenolol (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  atorvastatin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  calcium (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  captopril (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  conjugated estrogen (drug therapy)
  estradiol (drug therapy)
  furosemide (drug therapy)
  gemfibrozil (drug therapy)
  glibenclamide (drug therapy)
  hydrochlorothiazide (drug therapy)
  insulin (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  lansoprazole (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  levothyroxine (drug therapy)
  loratadine (drug therapy)
  metformin (drug therapy)
  mometasone furoate (drug therapy)
  nicotinic acid (drug therapy)
  nifedipine (drug therapy)
  raloxifene (drug therapy)
  ranitidine (drug therapy)
  rosiglitazone (drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug therapy)
  trazodone (drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
  valsartan (drug therapy)
  zolpidem (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  allergic rhinitis (drug therapy)
  ambulatory care
  clinical practice
  computer program
  continuing education
  cooperation
  cost control
  depression (drug therapy)
  diabetes mellitus (drug therapy)
  drug efficacy
  drug indication
  economic aspect
  education program
  esophagitis (drug therapy)
  experience
  follow up
  gastritis (drug therapy)
  health care cost
  health care delivery
  health care planning
  health care quality
  health status
  human
  hyperlipidemia (drug therapy)
  hypertension (drug therapy)
  hypothyroidism (drug therapy)
  insomnia (drug therapy)
  medical assessment
  medical decision making
  medical documentation
  medical education
  medical ethics
  medical research
  menopausal syndrome (drug therapy)
  osteoporosis (drug therapy)
  outcomes research
  patient care
  patient compliance
  patient referral
  pharmacist
  physician
  priority journal
  resource allocation
  review
  side effect (side effect)
  time
  treatment failure
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  alendronic acid (66376-36-1)
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  atenolol (29122-68-7)
  atorvastatin (134523-00-5, 134523-03-8)
  calcium (14092-94-5, 7440-70-2)
  captopril (62571-86-2)
  estradiol (50-28-2)
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  gemfibrozil (25812-30-0)
  glibenclamide (10238-21-8)
  hydrochlorothiazide (58-93-5)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  lansoprazole (103577-45-3, 138530-94-6, 138530-95-7)
  levothyroxine (51-48-9)
  loratadine (79794-75-5)
  metformin (1115-70-4, 657-24-9)
  mometasone furoate (105102-22-5, 83919-23-7)
  nicotinic acid (54-86-4, 59-67-6)
  nifedipine (21829-25-4)
  raloxifene (82640-04-8, 84449-90-1)
  ranitidine (66357-35-5, 66357-59-3)
  rosiglitazone (122320-73-4, 155141-29-0)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
  valsartan (137862-53-4)
  zolpidem (82626-48-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004520026
MEDLINE PMID
  15579084 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15579084)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043382576
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 785
TITLE
  Dexamethasone therapy in patients with brain tumors--a focus on tapering.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nahaczewski A.E.
  Fowler S.B.
  Hariharan S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nahaczewski A.E.; Fowler S.B.; Hariharan S.) Robert Wood Johnson University 
Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.E. Nahaczewski, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, 
NJ, USA.
SOURCE
  The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of 
Neuroscience Nurses (2004) 36:6 (340-343). Date of Publication: Dec 2004
ISSN
  0888-0395
ABSTRACT
  Administration of corticosteriods in brain tumor patients requires an 
understanding of the physiology of the adrenal system and desired patient 
response. Close attention to other concomitant medications will ensure 
adequate amounts of all drugs, including dexamethasone. Nurses need to 
assess patients' tolerance of dexamethasone, discuss these findings with 
physicians and pharmacists, and educate both patients and family members on 
doses and tapering schedules tailored to individual patient needs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dexamethasone (adverse drug reaction, drug administration)
  glucocorticoid (adverse drug reaction, drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  brain tumor (drug therapy)
  withdrawal syndrome (prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  nursing
  review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  dexamethasone (50-02-2)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  15673210 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673210)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 786
TITLE
  How to train residents to identify and treat dual diagnosis patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Renner Jr. J.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Renner Jr. J.A.) Division of Psychiatry, Boston University School of 
Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
(Renner Jr. J.A.) Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic, 251 Causeway Street, 
Boston, MA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.A. Renner Jr., Division of Psychiatry, Boston University School of 
Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
SOURCE
  Biological Psychiatry (2004) 56:10 (810-816). Date of Publication: 15 Nov 
2004
ISSN
  0006-3223
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier USA, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Medical training has failed to address the needs of patients with comorbid 
substance use and psychiatric disorders. Addiction teaching is limited and 
often fails to change the negative attitudes of many physicians. In many 
psychiatry residencies, addiction training occurs on inpatient or 
detoxification units and the focus is on screening, detoxification, and 
referral. Most residents do not gain adequate experience in the long-term 
management of dual-diagnosis patients. Successful clinical care is based on 
three critical elements (the "clinician's triad"): an adequate knowledge 
base, a positive attitude toward the patient and the benefits of treatment, 
and a sense of responsibility for the clinical problem. The Boston 
University Psychiatry Residency has designed an addiction training program 
to address these three issues. In addition to a comprehensive addiction 
seminar series, there are several unique features. The required clinical 
rotation occurs in an outpatient dual-diagnosis clinic and permits residents 
to follow a caseload of patients for 12 months. Extensive experience is 
gained in motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and 
pharmacotherapy. Self-directed learning approaches are used to maximize the 
educational experience on services that lack addiction faculty. Guidelines 
are provided for establishing a similar program and for more effective 
approaches to resident teaching.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  residency education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  attitude
  behavior therapy
  cognitive therapy
  comorbidity
  curriculum
  drug dependence
  drug detoxification
  drug screening
  experience
  health care planning
  hospital patient
  human
  leadership
  learning
  long term care
  medical school
  mental disease
  mental health service
  motivation
  outpatient department
  patient care
  patient referral
  physician
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  psychopharmacotherapy
  relapse (prevention)
  resident
  responsibility
  review
  science
  substance abuse
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004501391
MEDLINE PMID
  15556127 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15556127)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.04.003
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 787
TITLE
  Pharmacist-managed tobacco cessation program in Veterans Health 
Administration community-based outpatient clinic.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dent L.A.
  Scott J.G.
  Lewis E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dent L.A.; Scott J.G.; Lewis E.) School of Pharmacy and Allied Health 
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-1522, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.A. Dent, School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, University of 
Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-1522, USA. Email: larry.dent@umontana.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2004) 44:6 
(700-714; quiz 714-715). Date of Publication: 2004 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1544-3191
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To describe an ongoing pharmacist-managed tobacco cessation 
clinic and assess the long-term effectiveness of the program. SETTING: 
Veterans Health Administration (VHA) community-based outpatient clinic in 
Missoula, Montana. PARTICIPANTS: Pharmacy professor/clinical pharmacy 
specialist, advanced pharmacy practice experience students, and tobacco 
cessation participants. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Ongoing, pharmacist-managed 
tobacco cessation program offered to veterans. PRACTICE INNOVATION: With use 
of the "Vets without Cigarettes" program developed by the Montana VHA and 
the most current strategies reported in the literature, the clinical 
pharmacy specialist and pharmacy students provide tobacco cessation services 
for Missoula Veterans Affairs Primary Care Center veterans. Activities 
include a three-session program using the Transtheoretical Model of Change, 
tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy, behavioral strategies, cognitive 
techniques, documentation, and follow-up survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: 
Percentage of veterans contacted reporting tobacco abstinence. RESULTS: 
Follow-up survey results were obtained for 130 (87.8%) of 148 veterans 
attending one or more sessions of the tobacco cessation class between 
November 1999 and December 2003. Of the 130 veterans contacted, 54 (41.5%) 
continued to be tobacco free. CONCLUSION: This program demonstrates that 
pharmacists are effective providers of tobacco cessation services. 
Furthermore, a comprehensive tobacco cessation program is provided that can 
serve as a model to guide pharmacists in assisting more patients to become 
tobacco free and live healthier lifestyles.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone (drug administration, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy, therapy)
  veteran
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  government
  human
  human relation
  methodology
  motivation
  organization and management
  outpatient department
  program development
  psychological aspect
  treatment outcome
  United States
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  15637853 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637853)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 788
TITLE
  Depression in HIV-infected patients: Allopathic, complementary, and 
alternative treatments
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fulk L.J.
  Kane B.E.
  Phillips K.D.
  Bopp C.M.
  Hand G.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fulk L.J.; Kane B.E.; Bopp C.M.; Hand G.A., ghand@sc.edu) Department of 
Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 1300 Wheat Street, 29208, 
Columbia, SC, United States.
(Phillips K.D.) College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, 1601 Green 
Street, 29208, Columbia, SC, United States.
(Hand G.A., ghand@sc.edu) Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, Neurosci., 
Univ. S. Carolina, S., Columbia, SC, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.A. Hand, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 
1300 Wheat Street, 29208, Columbia, SC, United States. Email: ghand@sc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Psychosomatic Research (2004) 57:4 (339-351). Date of 
Publication: October 2004
ISSN
  0022-3999
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives The purpose of this review article is to synthesize the current 
knowledge related to depression and HIV disease. Methods The research 
literature was critically evaluated for several selected therapies that are 
prescribed for HIV-infected persons to treat depression. These therapies 
included pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, alternative, and complementary 
therapies. Results Several therapies are currently available for the 
treatment of depression in HIV disease. When prescribing treatments, 
clinicians should be aware of problems associated with diagnoses, drug-drug 
interactions, and the benefits of some of the new therapies that are now 
available. Treatment regimes should be carefully designed to meet the 
individual needs of the patient and will optimally include a combination of 
approaches including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, education, and/or 
complementary therapies. Conclusions Although HIV is now a treatable 
disease, the prevalence of depression in the HIV population remains high and 
should be continually addressed. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction, pharmacology)
  androgen (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  antidepressant agent (drug combination, drug concentration, drug dose, drug 
interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  antiretrovirus agent (drug therapy)
  delavirdine
  desipramine (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  dexamphetamine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  efavirenz (drug interaction)
  escitalopram (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug interaction, drug 
therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  fluoxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison)
  imipramine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  methylphenidate (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  mirtazapine (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  nefazodone (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug concentration, 
drug dose, drug interaction)
  nelfinavir (drug interaction)
  paroxetine (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  proteinase inhibitor
  psychostimulant agent (pharmacology)
  psychotropic agent
  reboxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  ritonavir (drug combination, drug interaction, pharmacokinetics)
  RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug 
dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  sertraline (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, pharmacology)
  testosterone (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  venlafaxine (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug interaction, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  depression (drug therapy, therapy)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acne (side effect)
  acupuncture
  alternative medicine
  androgen therapy
  anorexia (side effect)
  Chinese medicine
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  confusion (side effect)
  constipation (side effect)
  diagnostic accuracy
  diagnostic procedure
  disorientation (side effect)
  dizziness (side effect)
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug therapy
  ejaculation disorder (side effect)
  electroacupuncture
  exercise
  fatigue (side effect)
  hair loss (side effect)
  headache (side effect)
  highly active antiretroviral therapy
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  increased appetite (side effect)
  insomnia (side effect)
  intravenous drug abuse
  irritability
  major depression (drug therapy, therapy)
  massage
  nausea (side effect)
  nervousness
  neuropathic pain (drug therapy)
  nonhuman
  patient care
  patient education
  pharmaceutical care
  prescription
  prevalence
  psychosomatic disorder
  psychotherapy
  review
  risk factor
  sedation
  sexual dysfunction (side effect)
  side effect (side effect)
  somnolence (side effect)
  stomach disease (side effect)
  sweating
  tachycardia (side effect)
  tension
  visual impairment (side effect)
  weight gain
  weight reduction
  xerostomia (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  delavirdine (136817-59-9)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  dexamphetamine (1462-73-3, 51-63-8, 51-64-9)
  efavirenz (154598-52-4)
  escitalopram (128196-01-0, 219861-08-2)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  mirtazapine (61337-67-5)
  nefazodone (82752-99-6, 83366-66-9)
  nelfinavir (159989-64-7, 159989-65-8)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  proteinase inhibitor (37205-61-1)
  reboxetine (98769-81-4, 98769-84-7, 98819-76-2)
  ritonavir (155213-67-5)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  testosterone (58-22-0)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004458897
MEDLINE PMID
  15518668 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15518668)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.02.019
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 789
TITLE
  Opioid prescribing for chronic nonmalignant pain in primary care: challenges 
and solutions.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Olsen Y.
  Daumit G.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Olsen Y.; Daumit G.L.) Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of 
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 21287, 
USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Y. Olsen, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, 
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 21287, USA. 
Email: yolsen@jhsph.edu
SOURCE
  Advances in psychosomatic medicine (2004) 25 (138-150). Date of Publication: 
2004
ISSN
  0065-3268
ABSTRACT
  Evaluating and treating patients with chronic nonmalignant pain, especially 
with opioid medications, often causes discomfort on the part of primary care 
physicians. A number of patient-, physician-, and system-related issues 
converge to make treating chronic pain a complex matter. Patient-related 
issues include an inability to define a clear anatomic cause for patients' 
pain, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and past and current substance abuse. 
Physicians lack training on the appropriate evaluation and treatment of 
chronic nonmalignant pain, fear creating addicts, and often face intense 
pharmaceutical industry pressure to prescribe medications. A paucity of 
practical clinical practice guidelines, controversy over the effectiveness 
of opioids on chronic nonmalignant pain, and concern about potential legal 
and regulatory ramifications add to the complexity of caring for these 
patients. Possible multifaceted solutions exist to minimize provider 
discomfort and improve their ability to treat patients appropriately. 
Examples include comprehensive, practical multidimensional guidelines on the 
evaluation and treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain, Web-based 
teleconferenced consultations with subspecialists, reduced pharmaceutical 
pressure, enhanced continuing medical education and pregraduate training, 
multispecialty coordinated care of patients with adequate reimbursement for 
such care, and physician access to state-based systems to track opioid 
prescriptions.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic analgesic agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pain (drug therapy)
  prescription
  primary health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  chronic disease
  criminal law
  human
  legal aspect
  review
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  15248372 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248372)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 790
TITLE
  Healthy people 2010: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action for 
America's pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Calis K.A.
  Hutchison L.C.
  Elliott M.E.
  Ives T.J.
  Zillich A.J.
  Poirier T.
  Townsend K.A.
  Woodall B.
  Feldman S.
  Raebel M.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Calis K.A., accp@accp.com) Amer. College of Clinical Pharmacy, 3101 
Broadway, Kansas City, MO 64111, United States.
(Hutchison L.C.; Elliott M.E.; Ives T.J.; Zillich A.J.; Poirier T.; Townsend 
K.A.; Woodall B.; Feldman S.; Raebel M.A.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.A. Calis, Amer. College of Clinical Pharmacy, 3101 Broadway, Kansas City, 
MO 64111, United States. Email: accp@accp.com
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2004) 24:9 (1241-1294). Date of Publication: 4 Sep 2004
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc., 750 Washington Street, Boston, United 
States.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alteplase (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  analgesic agent (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  antiasthmatic agent (drug therapy, inhalational drug administration)
  anticoagulant agent (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  antilipemic agent (drug dose, drug therapy)
  antiretrovirus agent (drug therapy)
  beta 2 adrenergic receptor stimulating agent (drug therapy, inhalational 
drug administration)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  corticosteroid (drug therapy, inhalational drug administration)
  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor (drug therapy)
  fibrinolytic agent (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  immunosuppressive agent (drug therapy)
  insulin (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (drug therapy)
  nicotine (drug therapy, transdermal drug administration)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  recombinant erythropoietin (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics)
  vasodilator agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  anemia (complication, disease management, drug therapy)
  arthritis (disease management, drug therapy)
  asthma (drug therapy)
  backache (disease management, drug therapy)
  behavior modification
  breast cancer (diagnosis, disease management, epidemiology)
  cancer risk
  cardiovascular disease (complication, disease management, drug therapy, 
epidemiology, prevention)
  cerebrovascular accident (complication, disease management, drug therapy, 
epidemiology, prevention)
  chronic kidney disease (therapy)
  chronic obstructive lung disease (drug therapy)
  chronic pain (disease management, drug therapy)
  depression (drug therapy)
  diabetes control
  diabetes mellitus (disease management, drug therapy)
  dialysis
  drug safety
  emergency treatment
  family planning
  graft rejection (complication, disease management, prevention)
  health care access
  health care personnel
  health care quality
  health education
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy, epidemiology, 
prevention)
  hyperlipidemia (drug therapy)
  immunization
  insulin treatment
  kidney function
  kidney transplantation
  long term care
  mental disease (drug therapy)
  metered dose inhaler
  nephrotoxicity (etiology, prevention)
  oropharynx carcinoma (disease management)
  osteoporosis (diagnosis, disease management)
  patient care
  patient counseling
  pharmacy
  preventive health service
  primary medical care
  prostate cancer (disease management)
  respiratory tract disease (drug therapy)
  review
  risk assessment
  skin cancer (disease management, epidemiology, prevention)
  sleep disordered breathing
  smoking
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy, therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alteplase (105857-23-6)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
  recombinant erythropoietin (113427-24-0, 122312-54-3, 130455-76-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004365040
MEDLINE PMID
  15460187 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15460187)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.13.1241.38082
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 791
TITLE
  Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone enantiomers after 
coadministration with amprenavir in opioid-dependent subjects
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hendrix C.W.
  Wakeford J.
  Wire M.B.
  Lou Y.
  Bigelow G.E.
  Martinez E.
  Christopher J.
  Fuchs E.J.
  Snidow J.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hendrix C.W., chendrix@jhmi.edu; Bigelow G.E.; Martinez E.; Christopher J.; 
Fuchs E.J.) Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United 
States.
(Wakeford J.; Wire M.B.; Lou Y.; Snidow J.W.) GlaxoSmithKline, Research 
Triangle Park, NC, United States.
(Hendrix C.W., chendrix@jhmi.edu) Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, 
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Harvey 502, 600 North Wolfe Street, 
Baltimore, MD 21287-5554, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.W. Hendrix, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Division of Clinical 
Pharmacology, Harvey 502, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-5554, 
United States. Email: chendrix@jhmi.edu
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2004) 24:9 (1110-1121). Date of Publication: 4 Sep 2004
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc., 750 Washington Street, Boston, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Study Objective. To investigate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of 
methadone enantiomers when coadministered with amprenavir. Design. 
Prospective, open-label, within-subject pharmacokinetic study. Setting. 
University research center. Subjects. Nineteen opioid-dependent, 
methadone-maintained, healthy individuals were enrolled. Intervention. On 
study day 1, subjects received their usual once-daily dose of methadone 
alone. On study days 2-11, they received the same once-daily methadone dose 
plus amprenavir 1200 mg twice/day Serial blood samples were collected over 
24 hours on study days 1 and 11 for measurement of plasma R- and 
S-methadone, and over 12 hours on day 11 for serum amprenavir 
concentrations. Measurements and Main Results. Standard pharmacokinetic 
parameters were determined from the concentrations and compared between the 
two treatments (methadone alone vs methadone with amprenavir). Subjects 
served as their own control for methadone comparisons, and amprenavir 
comparisons were made by using a historic control group (38 healthy men). 
Opioid-effect measures were assessed throughout the study. Coadministration 
of amprenavir with methadone resulted in a 3-4-hour delay in plasma R- and 
S-methadone enantiomer peak concentrations at steady state (C(max-ss)) The 
active R-methadone enantiomer area under the plasma concentration-time curve 
during a dosing interval (AUC(T-SS)), C(max.ss), and the minimum plasma 
concentration at steady state (C(min-ss)) were decreased by 13%, 25%, and 
21%, respectively, after coadministration of methadone and amprenavir. The 
inactive S-enantiomer AUC(T-SS), C(max-ss), and C (min-ss) were decreased by 
40%, 48%, and 52%, respectively. No clinically significant changes were 
noted in opioid pharmacodynamic effects, and there was no evidence of opioid 
withdrawal. No methadone dosage was changed in any subject. Conclusion. No a 
priori adjustment in methadone dosage is required during coadministration 
with amprenavir as there is only a small effect on R-methadone exposure and 
no evidence of opioid withdrawal.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amprenavir (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug combination, 
drug concentration, drug interaction, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug analysis, drug 
combination, drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antibiotic agent (drug interaction)
  antifungal agent (drug interaction)
  antiretrovirus agent (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug 
combination, drug concentration, drug interaction, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics)
  clindamycin
  delavirdine (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics)
  docusate sodium
  fleet enema
  ibuprofen
  indinavir (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics)
  ketoconazole (drug interaction)
  leuprorelin
  levonorgestrel
  lopinavir (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics)
  nelfinavir (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
  orosomucoid (endogenous compound)
  paracetamol
  proteinase inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug 
combination, drug concentration, drug interaction, drug therapy, oral drug 
administration, pharmacokinetics)
  rifabutin (drug interaction)
  ritonavir (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics)
  saquinavir (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics)
  tuberculostatic agent (drug interaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy)
  methadone treatment
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  area under the curve
  article
  clinical article
  controlled study
  drug dependence (drug therapy)
  drug dependence treatment
  drug efficacy
  drug metabolism
  drug protein binding
  drug safety
  enantiomer
  female
  high performance liquid chromatography
  highly active antiretroviral therapy
  human
  male
  pharmacodynamics
  side effect (side effect)
  tandem mass spectrometry
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  agenerase  , United StatesGlaxo SmithKline

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)Fleet
   (United States)Glaxo SmithKline
   (United States)Roxane
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amprenavir (161814-49-9)
  clindamycin (18323-44-9)
  delavirdine (136817-59-9)
  docusate sodium (577-11-7)
  ibuprofen (15687-27-1)
  indinavir (150378-17-9, 157810-81-6, 180683-37-8)
  ketoconazole (65277-42-1)
  leuprorelin (53714-56-0, 74381-53-6)
  levonorgestrel (797-63-7)
  lopinavir (192725-17-0)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  nelfinavir (159989-64-7, 159989-65-8)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  orosomucoid (79921-18-9)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  proteinase inhibitor (37205-61-1)
  rifabutin (72559-06-9)
  ritonavir (155213-67-5)
  saquinavir (127779-20-8, 149845-06-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004365025
MEDLINE PMID
  15460171 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15460171)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.13.1110.38091
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 792
TITLE
  Homer proteins regulate sensitivity to cocaine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Szumlinski K.K.
  Dehoff M.H.
  Kang S.H.
  Frys K.A.
  Lominac K.D.
  Klugmann M.
  Rohrer J.
  Griffin III W.
  Toda S.
  Champtiaux N.P.
  Berry T.
  Tu J.C.
  Shealy S.E.
  During M.J.
  Middaugh L.D.
  Worley P.F.
  Kalivas P.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Szumlinski K.K., szumlink@musc.edu; Frys K.A.; Lominac K.D.; Rohrer J.; 
Griffin III W.; Toda S.; Champtiaux N.P.; Berry T.; Shealy S.E.; Middaugh 
L.D.; Kalivas P.W.) Dept. of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University 
of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
(Dehoff M.H.; Kang S.H.; Tu J.C.; Worley P.F.) Department of Neuroscience, 
The Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Klugmann M.; During M.J.) Dept. of Molec. Med. and Pathology, University of 
Auckland 1020, Auckland, New Zealand.
(Griffin III W.; Middaugh L.D.) Department of Psychiatry, Center for Drug 
and Alcohol Programs, Med. Univ. of South Carolina, 29425, Charleston, SC, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.K. Szumlinski, Dept. of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of 
South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States. Email: szumlink@musc.edu
SOURCE
  Neuron (2004) 43:3 (401-413). Date of Publication: 5 Aug 2004
ISSN
  0896-6273
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Cell Press, 1100 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Drug addiction involves complex interactions between pharmacology and 
learning in genetically susceptible individuals. Members of the Homer gene 
family are regulated by acute and chronic cocaine administration. Here, we 
report that deletion of Homer1 or Homer2 in mice caused the same increase in 
sensitivity to cocaine-induced locomotion, conditioned reward, and augmented 
extracellular glutamate in nucleus accumbens as that elicited by withdrawal 
from repeated cocaine administration. Moreover, adeno-associated 
virus-mediated restoration of Homer2 in the accumbens of Homer2 KO mice 
reversed the cocaine-sensitized phenotype. Further analysis of Homer2 KO 
mice revealed extensive additional behavioral and neurochemical similarities 
to cocaine-sensitized animals, including accelerated acquisition of cocaine 
self-administration and altered regulation of glutamate by metabotropic 
glutamate receptors and cystine/glutamate exchange. These data show that 
Homer deletion mimics the behavioral and neurochemical phenotype produced by 
repeated cocaine administration and implicate Homer in regulating addiction 
to cocaine.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cystine (endogenous compound)
  glutamic acid (endogenous compound)
  metabotropic receptor (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  neurochemistry
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acceleration
  addiction
  Adenoviridae
  animal experiment
  article
  behavior
  conditioning
  controlled study
  drug sensitivity
  expression vector
  extracellular matrix
  gene
  gene control
  genetic analysis
  homer1 gene
  homer2 gene
  knockout mouse
  locomotion
  molecular mechanics
  nonhuman
  nucleus accumbens
  phenotype
  priority journal
  reward
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  cystine (24645-67-8, 56-89-3, 6020-39-9)
  glutamic acid (11070-68-1, 138-15-8, 56-86-0, 6899-05-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Human Genetics (22)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004343208
MEDLINE PMID
  15294147 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15294147)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.07.019
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 793
TITLE
  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the substance use disorders: 
The nature of the relationship, who is at risk, and treatment issues
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wilens T.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wilens T.E., TWilens@partners.org) Department of Psychiatry, Harvard 
Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
(Wilens T.E., TWilens@partners.org) Substance Abuse Services, Pediat. 
Psychopharmacology Res. Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 
United States.
(Wilens T.E., TWilens@partners.org) Pediat. Psychopharmacology Res. Unit, 
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman St, 
Boston, MA 02114, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.E. Wilens, Pediat. Psychopharmacology Res. Unit, Massachusetts General 
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman St, Boston, MA 02114, United 
States. Email: TWilens@partners.org
SOURCE
  Primary Psychiatry (2004) 11:7 (63-70). Date of Publication: July 2004
ISSN
  1082-6319
BOOK PUBLISHER
  MBL Communications, 333 Hudson St. 7th Floor, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  There is much interest in the overlap between attention-deficit/ 
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD). Various 
studies have shown that ADHD is a risk factor for the development of SUD in 
adulthood and that approximately one fifth of adults with SUD have ADHD. The 
reason for this association is unclear. One suggestion is that stimulant 
therapy for ADHD may at least contribute to the increased risk of SUD in 
individuals with ADHD. This belief has, however, been disproved in a 
meta-analysis of five prospective longitudinal studies and one retrospective 
study of subjects with ADHD, which found that the risk of SUD was 
significantly reduced in subjects receiving stimulant therapy compared to 
unmedicated subjects. Management of adults with ADHD and comorbid SUD should 
be multimodal, involving education, psychosocial therapy, and 
pharmacotherapy. While education and psychosocial therapy can reduce craving 
and help patients live with the symptoms of ADHD, pharmacotherapy is 
required to bring the core symptoms of ADHD under control. The use of 
long-acting stimulants, such as OROS methylphenidate (MPH), is particularly 
appropriate in such patients since their long duration of action means that 
medication can be kept at home, thus reducing opportunities for diversion. 
In addition, attempts at intranasal abuse of OROS MPH have been reported to 
fail, suggesting that the formulation of MPH in the tablet is not accessible 
for abuse. Nonstimulants, such as bupropion, venlafaxine, and atomoxetine, 
are alternative anti-ADHD therapies for patients who do not respond to 
stimulants; they may also reduce craving.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methylphenidate (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug dose, drug 
therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (drug toxicity)
  amfebutamone (drug therapy)
  atomoxetine (drug therapy)
  cocaine (drug toxicity)
  long acting drug (adverse drug reaction, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  oros mph
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  venlafaxine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attention deficit disorder (drug therapy, epidemiology)
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  disease association
  dissociative disorder
  drug dependence (side effect)
  education
  euphoria
  human
  longitudinal study
  major clinical study
  meta analysis
  prospective study
  retrospective study
  review
  risk assessment
  risk factor
  social psychology
  systematic review
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy, side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  oros mph
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  atomoxetine (82248-59-7, 82857-39-4, 82857-40-7, 83015-26-3)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004330553
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 794
TITLE
  Trends in child and teen nonprescription drug abuse reported to a regional 
poison control center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Crouch B.I.
  Caravati E.M.
  Booth J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Crouch B.I., barbara.crouch@hsc.utah.edu) Utah Poison Control Center 
(UPCC), University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
(Crouch B.I., barbara.crouch@hsc.utah.edu) College of Pharmacy, University 
of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
(Caravati E.M.) UPCC, College of Pharmacy, UU, .
(Caravati E.M.) School of Medicine, UU, .
(Booth J.) Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States.
(Crouch B.I., barbara.crouch@hsc.utah.edu) Utah Poison Control Center, 585 
Komas Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.I. Crouch, Utah Poison Control Center, 585 Komas Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 
84108, United States. Email: barbara.crouch@hsc.utah.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2004) 61:12 (1252-1257). Date of 
Publication: 15 Jun 2004
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose. Trends in child and teen nonprescription drug abuse reported to a 
regional poison control center over a 10-year period were examined. Methods. 
Human exposures to toxic substances reported to the Utah Poison Control 
Center between January 1990 and December 1999 were reviewed. Cases were 
selected for analysis if the exposure involved a nonprescription drug, the 
patient was 6-19 years old, and the reason for exposure was intentional 
abuse. Frequencies and cross-tabulations were calculated to identify trends 
in nonprescription drug abuse. Results. There were 2214 reports of 
intentional drug abuse among children and teenagers 6-19 years old. Of 
those, 844 (38.1%) involved nonprescription drugs. The percentage of 
exposures involving nonprescription products varied every year and declined 
over time. Exposures were slightly more common in males (51.7%). The site of 
exposure was a residence in 65% of cases and a school in 10% of cases. The 
majority of patients with exposures (68.4%) were treated in a health care 
facility. The most common types of nonprescription medications abused were 
drugs with anticholinergic properties, caffeine, dextromethorphan, and 
nonprescription stimulants. Conclusion. Reports of the intentional abuse of 
nonprescription drugs by children and teenagers were common at a regional 
poison control center. There was significant variation in the type of 
nonprescription medication most commonly abused. The knowledge of these 
trends may assist public health policymakers, physicians, pharmacists, and 
child educators in their attempts to curb nonprescription drug abuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesic agent
  caffeine
  central stimulant agent
  cholinergic receptor blocking agent
  dextromethorphan
  non prescription drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antihistaminic agent
  ephedrine
  gastrointestinal agent
  phenylpropanolamine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  analgesic agent abuse
  child
  drug dependence treatment
  health care facility
  human
  poison center
  priority journal
  review
  sex difference
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  dextromethorphan (125-69-9, 125-71-3)
  ephedrine (299-42-3, 50-98-6)
  phenylpropanolamine (14838-15-4, 154-41-6, 4345-16-8, 48115-38-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004483703
MEDLINE PMID
  15259755 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15259755)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 795
TITLE
  Physicians' acceptance of pharmacy residents' recommendations on drug 
therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Allenet B.
  Bedouch P.
  Brudieu E.
  Chen C.
  Chevrot D.
  Tessier A.
  Trivin C.
  Rousseau A.
  Colle E.
  Calop J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Allenet B., ballenet@chu-grenoble.fr; Bedouch P.; Brudieu E.; Chen C.; 
Chevrot D.; Tessier A.; Trivin C.; Calop J.) Pharmacy Department, Grenoble 
University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
(Rousseau A.; Colle E.) Language Department, Medicine/Pharmacy School of 
Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Allenet, Pharmacy Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, 
France. Email: ballenet@chu-grenoble.fr
SOURCE
  Pharmacy Education (2004) 4:2 (63-67). Date of Publication: Jun 2004
ISSN
  1560-2214
ABSTRACT
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a training program 
delivered to pharmacy residents. During their clinical pharmacy training 
program, the residents have to learn more about how to deal with drug 
related problems, develop clinically relevant recommendations, and develop 
communication skills to make therapeutic recommendations acceptable for the 
prescriber. Six pharmacy residents, working in different clinical wards, 
collected data during six consecutive weeks every time they gave a 
recommendation to a prescribing physician. The main issue was the 
prescribers' level of acceptance of pharmacy residents' recommendations. The 
items taken into account were the type of recommendation, the physician's 
status and the mode of interaction between pharmacy residents and 
prescribers. Two hundred and twenty one interventions were collected. The 
major recommendations were changing drug regimen (39%) and enhancing 
monitoring (31%). The rate of prescribers' acceptance of recommendations 
made by pharmacy residents was 47% (higher for senior prescribers (59%) than 
junior prescribers (41%)). Oral recommendations of around 80% were accepted. 
© 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  physician attitude
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug dose regimen
  drug monitoring
  drug therapy
  education program
  human
  interpersonal communication
  learning
  priority journal
  skill
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004438295
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15602210410001724112
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 796
TITLE
  Substance use by pharmacy and nursing practitioners and students in a 
northeastern state
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kenna G.A.
  Wood M.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kenna G.A., george_kenna@brown.edu) Dept. of Psychiat. and Hum. Behavior, 
Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, United States.
(Kenna G.A., george_kenna@brown.edu) Kent County Memorial Hospital, Warwick, 
RI, United States.
(Wood M.D.) Department of Psychology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, 
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
(Kenna G.A., george_kenna@brown.edu) Roger Williams Medical Center, 
457-West, 825 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.A. Kenna, Roger Williams Medical Center, 457-West, 825 Chalkstone Avenue, 
Providence, RI 02908, United States. Email: george_kenna@brown.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2004) 61:9 (921-930). Date of 
Publication: 1 May 2004
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Purpose. The prevalence and predictors of substance use among pharmacists 
and nurses and pharmacy and nursing students were studied. Methods. During 
summer 2002, pharmacists and nurses in a northeastern state were mailed an 
anonymous survey to determine their use of alcohol, tobacco, and commonly 
abused drugs; to determine their ease of access to controlled substances; 
and to measure their family history of alcohol and drug problems. A similar 
but not identical survey was distributed to pharmacy and nursing students 
during spring 2000. Results. A total of 262 usable questionnaires were 
received from pharmacists and nurses (response rate, 72.8%), and 138 usable 
questionnaires were received from students (35.3%). Large majorities of 
nursing students, pharmacy students, and nurses were women. A higher 
percentage of pharmacists reported having used an opioid or an anxiolytic at 
least once in their lives (24.8% and 14.3%, respectively) than nurses (14.5% 
and 7.8%). Higher percentages of nursing students and nurses reported having 
ever used an unprescribed drug (74.5% of nursing students and 63.6% of 
nurses). Conclusion. A survey of pharmacy and nursing practitioners and 
students in a north-eastern state provided important information on alcohol, 
tobacco, and illicit drug use among these groups and highlighted the need 
for prevention and intervention.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anxiolytic agent
  cannabis
  central stimulant agent
  cocaine
  hypnotic sedative agent
  muscle relaxant agent
  opiate
  psychedelic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcohol consumption
  alcoholism
  article
  controlled study
  demography
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  family history
  female
  human
  human experiment
  male
  medical personnel
  normal human
  nurse
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  prevalence
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  smoking
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  muscle relaxant agent (9008-44-0)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004483751
MEDLINE PMID
  15156968 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15156968)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 797
TITLE
  Anxiety disorders: Guidelines for effective primary care therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wise T.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wise T.N.) Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, 
Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Wise T.N.) Department of Behavioral Sciences, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls 
Church, VA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.N. Wise, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, 
Baltimore, MD, United States.
SOURCE
  Drug Benefit Trends (2004) 16:SUPPL. A (20-26). Date of Publication: May 
2004
ISSN
  1080-5826
ABSTRACT
  Millions of Americans have anxiety disorders. Many with panic disorder, 
social anxiety disorder, and/or generalized anxiety disorder present 
initially to their primary care clinician. Effective treatment is possible 
in a busy primary care setting; therapy involves patient education and 
pharmacotherapy. Once other potential causes of symptoms of an anxiety 
disorder have been ruled out, the patient can be reassured that he or she 
has a psychological condition-a very common one-and that symptoms are not 
the result of an undiagnosed disease or "going crazy" or "losing control." 
Complete clinical remission is achievable, often with medication alone. 
Referral to a psychiatrist for psychotherapy may be indicated when a patient 
refuses or cannot tolerate drug therapy or when response to therapy is 
inadequate.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alprazolam (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  anxiolytic agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, 
drug dose, drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  benzodiazepine derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug 
dose, drug therapy, pharmaceutics)
  buspirone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  citalopram (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  clonazepam (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  noradrenalin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug 
dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  paroxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmaceutics)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug 
therapy)
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  venlafaxine (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anxiety disorder (diagnosis, disease management, drug therapy, epidemiology, 
therapy)
  primary medical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  affect
  asthenia (side effect)
  clinical trial
  daily life activity
  dizziness (side effect)
  dose response
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug abuse
  drug effect
  drug formulation
  drug indication
  drug tolerability
  drug withdrawal
  excitement
  extrapyramidal symptom (side effect)
  fatigue (side effect)
  flu like syndrome (side effect)
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  generalized anxiety disorder
  habituation
  headache (side effect)
  health education
  human
  hypertension (side effect)
  insomnia (side effect)
  libido disorder (side effect)
  motor coordination
  motor dysfunction (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  nervousness
  orgasm disorder (side effect)
  panic
  paresthesia (side effect)
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient referral
  psychopharmacotherapy
  psychotherapy
  quality of life
  remission
  review
  sedation
  sensorimotor function
  sensory dysfunction (side effect)
  sexual dysfunction (side effect)
  social phobia
  somnolence (side effect)
  task performance
  weight gain
  weight reduction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  buspirone (33386-08-2, 36505-84-7)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004235289
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 798
TITLE
  Deletion of guanine nucleotide binding protein α(z) subunit in mice induces 
a gene dose dependent tolerance to morphine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Leck K.J.
  Bartlett S.E.
  Smith M.T.
  Megirian D.
  Holgate J.
  Powell K.L.
  Matthaei K.I.
  Hendry I.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Leck K.J.; Bartlett S.E.; Megirian D.; Holgate J.; Powell K.L.; Hendry 
I.A., ian.hendry@anu.edu.au) Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin Sch. of 
Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, 
Australia.
(Bartlett S.E.) Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of 
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
(Smith M.T.) School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 
4072, Australia.
(Matthaei K.I.) Division of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin Sch. of 
Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, 
Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I.A. Hendry, Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin Sch. of Medical Research, 
Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Email: 
ian.hendry@anu.edu.au
SOURCE
  Neuropharmacology (2004) 46:6 (836-846). Date of Publication: May 2004
ISSN
  0028-3908
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  The mechanism underlying the development of tolerance to morphine is still 
incompletely understood. Morphine binds to opioid receptors, which in turn 
activates downstream second messenger cascades through heterotrimeric 
guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). In this paper, we show 
that G (z), a member of the inhibitory G protein family, plays an important 
role in mediating the analgesic and lethality effects of morphine after 
tolerance development. We blocked signaling through the G(z) second 
messenger cascade by genetic ablation of the alpha subunit of the G protein 
in mice. The Gα(z) knockout mouse develops significantly increased tolerance 
to morphine, which depends on Gα(z) gene dosage. Further experiments 
demonstrate that the enhanced morphine tolerance is not caused by 
pharmacokinetic and behavioural learning mechanisms. The results suggest 
that G(z) signaling pathways are involved in transducing the analgesic and 
lethality effects of morphine following chronic morphine treatment. © 2004 
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  guanine nucleotide binding protein (endogenous compound)
  morphine (drug toxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  protein subunit (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alpha chain
  gene dosage
  morphine tolerance
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesic activity
  animal experiment
  animal tissue
  article
  behavior
  controlled study
  drug dependence
  drug tolerance
  female
  gene deletion
  knockout mouse
  lethality
  male
  mouse
  nonhuman
  priority journal
  second messenger
  signal transduction
  wild type
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (Australia)Bull
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Human Genetics (22)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004131240
MEDLINE PMID
  15033343 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15033343)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.11.024
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 799
TITLE
  Campaigning to improve men's health
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bellingham C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bellingham C.)
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2004) 272:7296 (502). Date of Publication: 24 Apr 
2004
ISSN
  0031-6873
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  health service
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  awareness
  blood pressure measurement
  confidentiality
  consultation
  coping behavior
  cultural factor
  health care access
  health education
  health hazard
  human
  information dissemination
  life expectancy
  male
  masculinity
  medical information system
  note
  pharmacist
  privacy
  prostate cancer
  social class
  testis cancer
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cancer (16)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Urology and Nephrology (28)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004196312
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 800
TITLE
  Substances of abuse - Demand for their determinations in the Western Cape
AUTHOR NAMES
  van der Bijl P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (van der Bijl P.) Department of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, 
Tygerberg, South Africa.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. van der Bijl, Department of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, 
Tygerberg, South Africa.
SOURCE
  South African Journal of Psychiatry (2004) 10:1 (13-16). Date of 
Publication: Apr 2004
ISSN
  1608-9685
ABSTRACT
  Background. Drug abuse is as relevant today as ever Management of such cases 
on a primary health care level may be challenging, particularly when 
laboratory facilities are unavailable. Futhermore, substance abuse and its 
sequelae place a significant burden on the already overstretched primary 
health care resources in the country, as well as on other services and 
society in general. Objectives. The current study surveyed the trends in 
demand for laboratory determination of amphetamines, opiates, methaqualone, 
cannabis, cocaine and ethanol for the period 1991 - 2002, in the Western 
Cape. The survey was conducted by extracting the relevant data from the 
record of the Pharmacology/Toxicology Laboratory of the University of 
Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital. This facility processes the 
largest number of specimens by a single laboratory in the Western Cape. 
Results. From the data obtained a seasonal pattern emerged for all 
substances except ethanol, with a trough appearing in early winter. Demand 
for ethanol analysis was fairly constant thoughout the year, with a peak in 
the last quarter. Ethanol level was the most frequently requested analysis 
between 1991 and 1997. This concurs with its status as the main substance 
and abuse in South Africa and the rest of the world. There was an increased 
demand for analysis of amphetamines, opiates, methaqualone, cannabis and 
cocaine between 1991 and 2002, Generally dominating, next to ethanol, were 
requests for cannabis and methaqualone analysis. Interesting to note was the 
increase in demand for opiate analysis, following the trend observed in 
certain other regions of the world. Conclusion. The analysis trends observed 
in this study demonstrate global patterns of drug abuse emerging in the 
Western Cape. The medical and social effects of drug abuse impose a grave 
responsibility on policymakers to ensure that adequate funding is available 
for analytical laboratories. Only in such a was can these patients be 
correctly diagnosed and treated.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol (drug toxicity)
  amphetamine (drug toxicity)
  cannabis (drug toxicity)
  methaqualone (drug toxicity)
  opiate (drug toxicity)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence (diagnosis)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism (diagnosis)
  article
  blood analysis
  cannabis addiction (diagnosis)
  diagnostic accuracy
  drug dependence treatment
  enzyme immunoassay
  health care availability
  health care facility
  health care financing
  health care policy
  human
  laboratory test
  medical record
  opiate addiction (diagnosis)
  primary health care
  responsibility
  seasonal variation
  social aspect
  South Africa
  substance abuse
  university hospital
  urinalysis
  winter
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  methaqualone (340-56-7, 72-44-6, 8056-67-5)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004245592
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 801
TITLE
  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: Assessment, 
management, and outcome
AUTHOR NAMES
  Weston C.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Weston C.G.) Department of Psychiatry, Wright State Univ. School Medicine, 
Dayton, OH, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.G. Weston, Department of Psychiatry, Wright State Univ. School Medicine, 
Dayton, OH, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management (2004) 11:4 (241-251). Date of 
Publication: April 2004
ISSN
  1079-6533
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Turner White Communications Inc., 125 Strafford Avenue, Suite 220, Wayne, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  • Objective: To review the diagnosis and treatment of 
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. • Methods: 
Qualitative assessment of the literature. • Results: ADHD in children is 
characterized by difficulty with attention to complex tasks, hyperactivity, 
and impulsivity. These symptoms result in impaired academic, occupational, 
and social functioning. Information from the child's school is required to 
make the diagnosis. Treatment modalities include patient and family 
education, pharmacologic therapy, and behavioral therapy. • Conclusion: It 
is important for primary care physicians to identify patients with ADHD and 
ensure that they receive effective treatment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfebutamone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  amphetamine
  antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug 
combination, drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  atomoxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug dose, drug 
therapy, pharmacology)
  central stimulant agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug 
combination, drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  desipramine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  dexamphetamine (drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  dexmethylphenidate (drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  imipramine (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  methylphenidate
  methylphenidate (clinical trial, drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  noradrenalin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug 
dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  nortriptyline (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  pemoline (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  pemoline magnesium
  placebo
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug 
therapy, pharmacology)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attention deficit disorder (diagnosis, drug therapy, etiology, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abdominal pain (side effect)
  academic achievement
  anorexia (side effect)
  attention
  behavior therapy
  case report
  clinical feature
  clinical trial
  depression (side effect)
  diagnostic procedure
  disease exacerbation (side effect)
  drug fatality (side effect)
  family therapy
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  growth inhibition
  headache (side effect)
  human
  hyperactivity
  hypertension (side effect)
  impulsiveness
  insomnia (side effect)
  job performance
  liver failure (side effect)
  male
  medical literature
  mental instability (side effect)
  nervousness
  patient education
  physician
  primary medical care
  psychopharmacotherapy
  qualitative analysis
  review
  school
  school child
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  social interaction
  spansule
  substance abuse
  suicide (side effect)
  symptomatology
  task performance
  tic (side effect)
  treatment outcome
  weight reduction
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  adderall xr
  adderall
  concerta
  cylert
  dexedrine
  dextrostat
  focalin
  metadate cd
  metadate er
  methylin er
  methylin
  ritalin la
  ritalin sr
  ritalin
  spansule
  strattera
  wellbutrin sr
  wellbutrin xl
  wellbutrin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  atomoxetine (82248-59-7, 82857-39-4, 82857-40-7, 83015-26-3)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  dexamphetamine (1462-73-3, 51-63-8, 51-64-9)
  dexmethylphenidate (19262-68-1)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  nortriptyline (72-69-5, 894-71-3)
  pemoline (2152-34-3)
  pemoline magnesium (18968-99-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004245224
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 802
TITLE
  Anxiety disorders: Guidelines for effective primary care therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wise T.N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wise T.N.) Johns Hopkins University, .
(Wise T.N.) Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, School of 
Medicine, Baltimore.
(Wise T.N.) Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.N. Wise, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, United States.
SOURCE
  Consultant (2004) 44:3 (409-414). Date of Publication: Mar 2004
ISSN
  0010-7069
ABSTRACT
  Millions of American suffer from anxiety disorders. Many with panic 
disorder, social anxiety disorder and/or generalized enxiety disorder 
present initially to their primary care clinician. Effective treatment is 
possible in a busy primary care setting; therapy involves patient education 
and pharmacotherapy. Once other potential causes of symptoms of an anxiety 
disorder have been ruled out, the first step is to reassure the patient that 
he or she has a psychological condition - a very common one - and that 
symptoms are not the result of on undiagnosed desease or "going crazy" or 
"losing control." Educate and inform patients that complete clinical 
remission is achievable, often with medication alone. Begin treatment on day 
1 with a long-acting benzodiazepine - such as alprazolam XR or donazepam - 
or will the anxiolytic agent buspirone; at the same time, start a selective 
serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The anxiolytic agent allays acute 
somatic symptoms until the full effects of the SSRI are manifest (often 4 to 
6 weeks). The anxiolytic can then be gradaully tapered. Referral to a 
psychiatrist for psychotherapy may be indicated when a patient refuses or 
cannot tolerate drug therapy, or when response to therapy is inadequate.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alprazolam (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug concentration, 
drug dose, drug therapy)
  antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug dose, 
drug therapy, pharmacology)
  anxiolytic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug dose, drug 
therapy)
  buspirone (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug dose, drug therapy)
  clonazepam (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug concentration, 
drug dose, drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug 
dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  citalopram (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  paroxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  sertraline (adverse drug reaction, drug development, drug therapy)
  venlafaxine (adverse drug reaction, drug development, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anxiety disorder (diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
  generalized anxiety disorder (diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
  panic (diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
  primary medical care
  social phobia (diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  add on therapy
  adult
  alcoholism (etiology)
  article
  asthenia (side effect)
  ataxia (side effect)
  case report
  clinical feature
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  comorbidity
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  diarrhea (side effect)
  dizziness (side effect)
  drug efficacy
  drug indication
  drug tolerance
  extrapyramidal syndrome (side effect)
  fatigue (side effect)
  female
  flu like syndrome (side effect)
  habituation
  headache (side effect)
  heartburn (side effect)
  human
  insomnia (side effect)
  libido disorder (side effect)
  male
  monotherapy
  motor dysfunction (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  occupational disease
  orgasm disorder (side effect)
  paresthesia (side effect)
  patient attitude
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient referral
  physical activity
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  psychotherapy
  remission
  sedation
  sensorimotor neuropathy (side effect)
  sexual dysfunction (side effect)
  side effect (side effect)
  social disability
  somnolence (side effect)
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  buspirone (33386-08-2, 36505-84-7)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004495970
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 803
TITLE
  A comparison of health professions student attitudes regarding tobacco 
curricula and interventionist roles.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fried J.L.
  Reid B.C.
  DeVore L.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fried J.L.; Reid B.C.; DeVore L.E.) Dental Hygiene Program, Department of 
Health Promotion and Policy, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 
Baltimore 21201, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.L. Fried, Dental Hygiene Program, Department of Health Promotion and 
Policy, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA. 
Email: jlf001@dental.umaryland.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of dental education (2004) 68:3 (370-377). Date of Publication: Mar 
2004
ISSN
  0022-0337
ABSTRACT
  Health care providers who feel prepared are more apt to assume tobacco 
interventionist roles; therefore, educational preparation is critical. A 
nonprobability sample of health professions students at an urban academic 
health center were asked to respond to a twenty-two-item survey eliciting 
demographic, behavioral, and tobacco-related attitudinal information. 
Frequency distributions were assessed with Pearson chi-square statistics. 
The overall response rate was 76.7 percent, and final sample size was 319. 
Current use of spit tobacco (ST) was 2.5 percent and current smoking 5.6 
percent. In comparing current smokers to nonsmokers and current ST users to 
nonusers, we found that no differences in proportion agreeing with any of 
the five questions about attitudes and opinions were statistically 
significant at p-value 0.05. At least 70 percent of students from each of 
six health professions programs agreed it was their professional 
responsibility to help smokers quit, and at least 65 percent agreed to the 
same responsibility for helping ST users quit. The proportion agreeing that 
their programs had course content describing their role in helping patients 
quit tobacco use varied widely by program from 100 percent agreement among 
dental hygiene and pharmacy students to 14.6 percent of physical therapy 
students (p-value <0.001). When asked whether their program adequately 
prepared them to help smokers quit, agreement ranged from 100 percent among 
dental hygiene students to only 5.5 percent among physical therapy students 
(p-value <0.001). Almost 90 percent of dental hygiene students agreed that 
they were adequately trained to help ST users quit, but no other program had 
a percentage of agreement above 34 percent (p-value <0.001). Consistent and 
comprehensive multidisciplinary tobacco-related curricula could offer 
desirable standardization.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  health personnel attitude
  professional standard
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (prevention)
  vocational education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  attitude to health
  comparative study
  dental assistant
  dental student
  education
  female
  human
  male
  medical ethics
  medical student
  methodology
  nursing student
  patient education
  pharmacy student
  physiotherapy
  smoking (epidemiology)
  statistics
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  15038638 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038638)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 804
TITLE
  Exploring the context of drug use: A problem-based learning course in 
pharmacoepidemiology for undergraduate science students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rangachari P.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rangachari P.K., chari@mcmaster.ca) Intestinal Dis. Research Programme, 
McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8 N 3Z5, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.K. Rangachari, Intestinal Dis. Research Programme, McMaster University, 
1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8 N 3Z5, Canada. Email: 
chari@mcmaster.ca
SOURCE
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2004) 369:2 (184-191). Date 
of Publication: February 2004
ISSN
  0028-1298
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  The teaching of pharmacoepidemiology has been largely confined to health 
care professionals and graduate students. This paper reports an attempt to 
use problem-based learning (PBL) to teach the elements of that discipline to 
undergraduate science students. Carefully sequenced problems led students to 
consider the following issues: the terms used in epidemiology, merits and 
demerits of different epidemiological study designs, pharmacovigilance, the 
nature of evidence in law and science, economic evaluation of drugs and the 
use of drugs in different cultures. The 12-week course was taken by students 
in their final term prior to graduation. Multiple evaluation procedures were 
used: specific forms for assessing tutorial participation, individual 
explorations assessed usually by written essays and problem-solving 
exercises. The course has received high ratings from the students. The 
observations over a 10-year period suggest that PBL is a feasible approach 
to teach the social dimensions of drug use.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  learning
  medical student
  pharmacoepidemiology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug surveillance program
  evaluation study
  examination
  human
  law
  science
  teaching
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004101322
MEDLINE PMID
  14722623 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14722623)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-003-0845-x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 805
TITLE
  Impact of pharmacist-conducted home visits on the outcomes of lipid-lowering 
drug therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Peterson G.M.
  Fitzmaurice K.D.
  Naunton M.
  Vial J.H.
  Stewart K.
  Krum H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Peterson G.M., g.peterson@utas.edu.au; Fitzmaurice K.D.; Naunton M.; Vial 
J.H.) Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 
Tasmania, Australia.
(Stewart K.) Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, 
Vic., Australia.
(Krum H.) Dept. of Epidemiol. and Prev. Med., Monash University, Prahran, 
Vic., Australia.
(Peterson G.M., g.peterson@utas.edu.au) Tasmanian School of Pharmacy, 
Faculty of Health Science, University of Tasmania, PO Box 252-26, Hobart, 
Tasmania, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.M. Peterson, Tasmanian School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, 
University of Tasmania, PO Box 252-26, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Email: 
g.peterson@utas.edu.au
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (2004) 29:1 (23-30). Date of 
Publication: February 2004
ISSN
  0269-4727
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To evaluate a pharmacist-conducted educational and monitoring 
programme, designed to promote dietary and lifestyle modification and 
compliance with lipid-lowering drug therapy, for patients with 
dyslipidaemia. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled 
study. The participants were 94 adults, with 81 completing the study 
(intervention group: 39; control group: 42), with a cardiovascular-related 
diagnosis and discharged from hospital, between April and October 2001, on 
lipid-lowering drug therapy. Patients in the intervention group were visited 
at home monthly by a pharmacist, who educated the patients on the goals of 
lipid-lowering treatment and the importance of lifestyle issues in 
dyslipidaemia and compliance with therapy, assessed patients for 
drug-related problems, and measured total blood cholesterol levels using 
point-of-care testing. Patients in the control group received standard 
medical care. The main outcome measure was total blood cholesterol levels 
after 6 months, and an evaluation of patient and general practitioner 
satisfaction with the programme. Results: There was no significant 
difference in baseline total blood cholesterol levels between the two 
groups. The reduction over the course of the study in cholesterol levels 
within the intervention group was statistically significant (4-9 ± 0.7 to 
4.4 ± 0.6, P < 0.005), whereas there was no change within the control group 
(P = 0.26). At follow-up, 44% of the intervention group patients and 24% of 
the control group patients had cholesterol levels below 4.0 mmol/L (P = 
0.06). The reduction in total cholesterol in the intervention group should 
translate to an expected 21% reduction in cardiovascular mortality risk and 
a 16% reduction in total mortality risk - more than twice the risk reduction 
achieved in the control group. In addition, the programme was very well 
received by the patients and their general practitioners, by satisfaction 
questionnaire. Conclusion: A pharmacist-conducted educational and monitoring 
intervention improved the outcomes of lipid-lowering drug therapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antilipemic agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cholesterol (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  dyslipidemia (diagnosis, drug therapy)
  pharmacist
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  cardiovascular risk
  cardiovascular symptom
  cholesterol blood level
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  evaluation study
  female
  follow up
  general practitioner
  health program
  health promotion
  human
  lifestyle
  male
  medical care
  mortality
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient monitoring
  patient satisfaction
  questionnaire
  randomized controlled trial
  reduction
  statistical analysis
  treatment outcome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cholesterol (57-88-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004095652
MEDLINE PMID
  14748894 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14748894)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00532.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 806
TITLE
  Use and abuse of opioid analgesics: Potential methods to prevent and deter 
non-medical consumption of prescription opioids
AUTHOR NAMES
  Woolf C.J.
  Hashmi M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Woolf C.J., cwoolf@partners.org; Hashmi M.) Neural Plasticity Research 
Group, Dept. of Anesthesia/Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 
149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.J. Woolf, Neural Plasticity Research Group, Dept. of Anesthesia/Critical 
Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 
02129, United States. Email: cwoolf@partners.org
SOURCE
  Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs (2004) 5:1 (61-66). Date of 
Publication: January 2004
ISSN
  1472-4472
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Thomson Scientific Ltd., 14 Great Queen Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Medicinal opiates can produce both analgesia and euphoria. The mood altering 
action of this class of drugs has led to their abuse (non-medical use), a 
problem compounded by their physical dependence and addictive qualities. The 
legitimate expansion of clinical opioid analgesic use for severe chronic 
non-malignant pain, together with the introduction of high-dose 
extended-release (modified-release) oral tablet formulations of opioids with 
good bioavailability, has created increased opportunities for the illicit 
use of these prescribed drugs. Such use is now a major societal problem, 
with an incidence that appears to exceed the use of street narcotics such as 
heroin in the US. This review highlights the extent of the illicit use of 
prescribed opiate analgesics and some of the steps, legal, educational and 
pharmaceutical, that can be taken to potentially reduce the risk of their 
misuse or diversion for abuse. © Thomson Scientific.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic analgesic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug 
concentration, drug interaction, drug therapy, drug toxicity, inhalational 
drug administration, intranasal drug administration, intravenous drug 
administration, oral drug administration, parenteral drug administration, 
pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent (drug toxicity)
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug toxicity)
  buprenorphine (drug therapy, pharmacology, transdermal drug administration)
  butorphanol (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  capsaicin
  cocaine
  codeine
  delta opiate receptor agonist (pharmacology)
  diamorphine
  fentanyl (drug combination, drug therapy)
  hydromorphone (drug combination, drug concentration, drug therapy)
  irritant agent
  kappa opiate receptor agonist (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  methadone (drug combination, drug therapy)
  morphine (drug combination, drug therapy)
  morphine sulfate (drug concentration, drug therapy)
  mu opiate receptor (endogenous compound)
  mu opiate receptor agonist (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  naloxone (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  naltrexone (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  oxycodone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, drug toxicity, inhalational drug 
administration, intranasal drug administration, intravenous drug 
administration, oral drug administration, parenteral drug administration, 
pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
  oxymorphone (drug combination, drug therapy)
  pethidine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy, prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  analgesic agent abuse
  chronic pain (drug therapy)
  clinical trial
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  constipation (side effect)
  disease severity
  diuresis
  drug absorption
  drug bioavailability
  drug blood level
  drug classification
  drug efficacy
  drug mechanism
  drug megadose
  drug metabolism
  drug misuse (prevention)
  drug release
  drug surveillance program
  drug use
  dysphoria (side effect)
  euphoria
  food and drug administration
  health education
  human
  incidence
  legal aspect
  methodology
  mood
  nausea (side effect)
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacist
  prescription
  respiration depression (side effect)
  review
  risk management
  risk reduction
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  social problem
  tablet formulation
  theft
  United States
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  ms contin
  oxycontin
  palladone xl
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  butorphanol (42408-82-2)
  capsaicin (404-86-4)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  oxymorphone (357-07-3, 76-41-5)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004192007
MEDLINE PMID
  14983975 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14983975)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 807
TITLE
  The Young Adult with Hip Pain: Diagnosis and Medical Treatment, Circa 2004
AUTHOR NAMES
  Troum O.M.
  Crues III J.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Troum O.M., Otroum@yahoo.com) Department of Medicine, Keck School of 
Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
(Crues III J.V.) Pronet Imaging Medical Group, RADNET Management, Inc., Los 
Angeles, CA, United States.
(Troum O.M., Otroum@yahoo.com) 2336 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 
90404-2064, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  O.M. Troum, 2336 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90404-2064, United 
States. Email: Otroum@yahoo.com
SOURCE
  Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (2004) :418 (9-17). Date of 
Publication: January 2004
ISSN
  0009-921X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer New York LLC, 233 Springer Street, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Hip pain in young adults (18-35 years old) often is characterized by 
nonspecific symptoms, normal imaging studies, and vague findings from the 
history and physical examination. In younger patients, pain is more likely 
to be caused by congenital hip dysplasia, athletic injuries, trauma, 
spondyloarthropathy, and by conditions that first appear during this stage 
of life, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, intravenous drug use, 
alcoholism, or corticosteroid use. The history and physical examination may 
narrow the diagnosis to intraarticular, extraarticular, or referred sources 
of pain. Plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging are the preferred 
initial imaging procedures. Analyses of the blood, urine, and synovial fluid 
can be helpful in diagnosing inflammation, infection, and systematic 
rheumatic disease. Fractures, infection, and ischemic necrosis should be 
ruled out early because they require immediate treatment to prevent damage 
to the joint. Hip trauma at a young age increases the risk of osteoarthritis 
with advancing age, and, unlike most older adults, young adults receiving 
total hip replacement can expect revision surgery. Medical treatment often 
involves patient education, physical therapy, and pharmacotherapy. 
Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and opioids for pain and 
antibiotics for infection are the most often prescribed drugs for this 
population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  analgesic agent (drug therapy)
  antibiotic agent (drug therapy)
  celecoxib (drug therapy)
  chondroitin sulfate (drug therapy)
  clonidine (drug therapy)
  corticosteroid (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (drug therapy)
  diclofenac (drug therapy)
  etanercept (drug therapy)
  fentanyl (drug therapy)
  glucosamine (drug therapy)
  hydroxychloroquine (drug therapy)
  ibuprofen (drug therapy)
  infliximab (drug therapy)
  leflunomide (drug therapy)
  methotrexate (drug therapy)
  morphine (drug therapy)
  naproxen (drug therapy)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (drug therapy)
  opiate (drug therapy)
  oxycodone (drug therapy)
  paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, drug toxicity)
  recombinant interleukin 1 receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  rofecoxib (drug therapy)
  salazosulfapyridine (drug therapy)
  terazosin (drug therapy)
  tramadol (drug therapy)
  unindexed drug
  valdecoxib (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hip disease (diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism
  blood analysis
  conference paper
  fracture
  gangrene
  hip dysplasia
  hip injury
  human
  infection
  intravenous drug abuse
  osteoarthritis
  pain (diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
  patient education
  physiotherapy
  priority journal
  rheumatoid arthritis
  side effect (side effect)
  spondyloarthropathy
  sport injury
  synovial fluid
  urinalysis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  celecoxib (169590-42-5)
  chondroitin sulfate (9007-28-7, 9082-07-9)
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  diclofenac (15307-79-6, 15307-86-5)
  etanercept (185243-69-0, 200013-86-1)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  glucosamine (3416-24-8, 4607-22-1)
  hydroxychloroquine (118-42-3, 525-31-5)
  ibuprofen (15687-27-1)
  infliximab (170277-31-3)
  leflunomide (75706-12-6)
  methotrexate (15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naproxen (22204-53-1, 26159-34-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  recombinant interleukin 1 receptor blocking agent (143090-92-0)
  rofecoxib (162011-90-7, 186912-82-3)
  salazosulfapyridine (599-79-1)
  terazosin (63074-08-8, 63590-64-7)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
  valdecoxib (181695-72-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Orthopedic Surgery (33)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004051311
MEDLINE PMID
  15043086 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043086)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 808
TITLE
  New constructs and assessments for relapse and continued use potential in 
the ASAM Patient Placement Criteria.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gastfriend D.R.
  Rubin A.
  Sharon E.
  Turner W.M.
  Anton R.F.
  Donovan D.M.
  Gorski T.
  Marlatt G.A.
  Maisto S.
  Schultz T.K.
  Shulman G.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gastfriend D.R.; Rubin A.; Sharon E.; Turner W.M.; Anton R.F.; Donovan 
D.M.; Gorski T.; Marlatt G.A.; Maisto S.; Schultz T.K.; Shulman G.D.) 
Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General 
Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.R. Gastfriend, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, 
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: 
DGastfriend@Partners.org
SOURCE
  Journal of addictive diseases : the official journal of the ASAM, American 
Society of Addiction Medicine (2003) 22 Suppl 1 (95-111). Date of 
Publication: 2003
ISSN
  1055-0887
ABSTRACT
  One area of intensive study in recent years in addiction research is the 
characterization and prediction of relapse risk. Given the growing list of 
findings and assessment tools in this area, in preparation for the second 
edition, revised volume of the Patient Placement Criteria (PPC) of the 
American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), a workgroup of the Coalition 
for National Criteria was assigned the task of creating a revised conceptual 
organization for Dimension 5: Relapse/Continued Use Potential. The workgroup 
conducted a review of the previous Dimension 5 constructs and criteria, 
including a decision analysis of the previous Dimension 5 decision rules. 
Following that analysis, field data from the ASAM Criteria Validity Study at 
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School were analyzed from 
a large cohort of public and indigent patients in eastern Massachusetts. 
After determining the concurrent validity of the Dimension 5 decision rules 
and their limitations, the decision rules were rewritten to gain improved 
validity. This exercise revealed techniques that can and should be used to 
improve the discrimination of levels of care among all Dimensions. Finally, 
the workgroup expanded and refined the constructs that should comprise a 
revised Dimension 5. This revised list of constructs is sequential and 
hierarchical. It offers face validity on several levels of current basic and 
clinical research knowledge: behavioral pharmacology, behavioral psychology, 
learning theory and psychopathology. While the Second Edition-Revised volume 
of the ASAM PPC (PPC-2R) does not go so far as to propose final decision 
rules for Dimension 5 based on these new constructs, it does recommend pilot 
adoption of several new assessment tools for this dimension and provides the 
framework incorporating those constructs and assessments in the next 
complete PPC edition.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (diagnosis, rehabilitation)
  drug dependence treatment
  patient selection
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adaptive behavior
  aggression
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  human
  questionnaire
  recurrent disease
  reinforcement
  review
  utilization review
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  15991592 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15991592)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 809
TITLE
  Assessment of Drug-Related Problems and Clinical Pharmacists' Interventions 
in an Indian Teaching Hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Parthasarathi G.
  Ramesh M.
  Kumar J.K.
  Madaki S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Parthasarathi G., parthal8@eth.net; Ramesh M.; Kumar J.K.; Madaki S.) 
Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore, India.
(Parthasarathi G., parthal8@eth.net) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, JSS 
Medical College Hospital, Mysore 570 004, India.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Parthasarathi, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, JSS Medical College 
Hospital, Mysore 570 004, India. Email: parthal8@eth.net
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research (2003) 33:4 (272-274). Date of 
Publication: Dec 2003
ISSN
  1445-937X
ABSTRACT
  Aim: To identify drug-related problems (DRPs) at a major Indian teaching 
hospital, to assess the acceptance of recommendations made by clinical 
pharmacists and evaluate the level of involvement of pharmacists in drug 
therapy decisions. Method: A prospective study was conducted over a 
six-month period in the medical wards of the Jagadguru Shri 
Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College Hospital, Mysore, India. A 
decision-making model proposed by Campagna (and modified by Wood) was 
applied to evaluate pharmacists' involvement in drug therapy decisions. 
Results: Of the 245 DRPs identified, 237 involved active clinical pharmacist 
interventions. The most common DRPs were inappropriate dosage (31%), 
inappropriate drug selection (17%) and adverse drug reactions (13%). Ninety 
per cent of the pharmacists' recommendations were accepted and led to change 
in therapy in 79% of cases. Most of the interventions were classified 
(according to the decision-making model) as corrective (78%) or proactive 
(19%). Conclusion: The incidence of DRPs identified in this study is higher 
than reported in some studies in developed countries. But the acceptance 
rate of clinical pharmacists' interventions was comparable to studies 
conducted in countries where clinical pharmacy is well-developed and 
indicate the acceptance and recognition of clinical pharmacists as active 
members of the healthcare team at JSS Medical College Hospital.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  India
  medication error
  teaching hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  decision making
  developing country
  dose calculation
  drug choice
  drug cost
  drug dependence
  drug misuse
  drug safety
  prospective study
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004013678
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 810
TITLE
  The Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pain in Long-Term Care Settings: 
Balancing Efficacy and Safety
AUTHOR NAMES
  Argoff C.E.
  Cranmer W.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Argoff C.E.) Cohn Pain Management Center, North Shore University Hospital, 
Manhasset, NY, United States.
(Argoff C.E.) Department of Neurology, New York Univ. School of Medicine, .
(Cranmer W.W.) Amer. Bd. of Psychiat. and Neurology, .
(Cranmer W.W.) Geriatric Medical Associates, Oklahoma City, OK, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.E. Argoff, Cohn Pain Management Center, North Shore University Hospital, 
Manhasset, NY, United States.
SOURCE
  Consultant Pharmacist (2003) 18:SUPPL. A (4-18). Date of Publication: 2003
ISSN
  0888-5109
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: To understand the extent and impact of chronic pain in the 
nursing home setting, the array of pharmacological options available for the 
treatment of chronic pain, and to examine the role of the consultant 
pharmacist in improving chronic pain management among elderly nursing home 
residents. Data sources: Literature reviews, national and international 
guidelines, expert opinion. Data Synthesis: Chronic pain remains a common 
and undertreated condition among elderly nursing home residents. Although 
the reasons for the undertreatment of pain in this population are complex, 
failure to recognize pain and to utilize the full spectrum of analgesic 
options available for the management of pain may be central underlying 
elements. The consultant pharmacist, in conjunction with the entire 
treatment team, can prioritize pain recognition and implement treatment 
strategies that incorporate analgesics from the full array of 
pharmacological options shown to be effective and well tolerated in the 
elderly. Conclusions: Adequate treatment of pain in the nursing home setting 
will require an institutional commitment to determine which residents are in 
pain and to identify the most appropriate treatment option for an individual 
resident. The consultant pharmacist can play a central role in this process 
by (1) participating in a coordinated education process for the entire 
treatment team; (2) participating in the selection of an appropriate 
analgesic regimen; and (3) evaluating the ongoing efficacy, safety, and 
tolerability of analgesic regimens for long-term care residents.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alpha 2 adrenergic receptor stimulating agent (adverse drug reaction, 
clinical trial, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  analgesic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug therapy, 
oral drug administration, parenteral drug administration, pharmacology, 
topical drug administration, transdermal drug administration)
  anticonvulsive agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  muscle relaxant agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor blocking agent (adverse drug 
reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  capsaicin (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology, topical drug administration)
  carbamazepine (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  clonazepam (drug therapy)
  codeine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  diphenhydramine (clinical trial, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
pharmacology, topical drug administration)
  etiracetam
  fentanyl (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, pharmacology, 
transdermal drug administration)
  fentanyl citrate
  gabapentin (drug therapy)
  hydrocodone (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol
  hydromorphone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  ibuprofen (drug combination, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  lamotrigine (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  lidocaine (clinical trial, drug administration, drug comparison, drug 
therapy, pharmacology, topical drug administration)
  methadone (drug therapy)
  morphine sulfate (adverse drug reaction, drug comparison, drug therapy, 
pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, 
drug therapy, pharmacology)
  opiate (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
therapy, pharmacology, topical drug administration)
  oxcarbazepine
  oxycodone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug combination, drug 
dose, drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  oxycodone plus paracetamol (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  oxymorphone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug dose, drug 
therapy)
  phenytoin
  topical agent (drug therapy, pharmacology, topical drug administration)
  topiramate
  unindexed drug (drug therapy)
  valproate semisodium (drug therapy)
  valproic acid
  zonisamide
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain (diagnosis, drug therapy, epidemiology, etiology)
  long term care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction (side effect)
  analgesia
  ataxia (side effect)
  burning sensation (side effect)
  clinical pharmacy
  clinical trial
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  constipation (side effect)
  diplopia (side effect)
  dizziness (side effect)
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug dependence (diagnosis)
  drug efficacy
  drug formulation
  drug mechanism
  drug safety
  drug tolerance
  drug use
  endocrine disease (side effect)
  gastrointestinal toxicity (side effect)
  geriatric patient
  heart arrhythmia (side effect)
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  inappropriate drug use
  lethargy (side effect)
  libido disorder (side effect)
  liver toxicity (side effect)
  low back pain (drug therapy)
  mental disease (complication)
  nausea (side effect)
  nephrotoxicity (side effect)
  neuropathic pain (drug therapy)
  nursing home
  nystagmus (side effect)
  orthostatic hypotension (side effect)
  pain assessment
  pharmacist
  postherpetic neuralgia (drug therapy)
  prevalence
  pruritus (side effect)
  review
  sedation
  side effect (side effect)
  sleep disorder (side effect)
  somnolence (side effect)
  sustained release preparation
  thrombocyte dysfunction (side effect)
  undertreatment
  visual impairment (side effect)
  vomiting (side effect)
  xerostomia (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  actiq
  carbatrol
  depacon
  dilantin
  dilaudid
  keppra
  lamictal
  neurontin
  numorphan
  roxanol
  roxicodone
  topamax
  trileptal
  zonegran
  zydone
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  capsaicin (404-86-4)
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  diphenhydramine (147-24-0, 58-73-1)
  etiracetam (102767-28-2, 33996-58-6)
  fentanyl citrate (990-73-8)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  gabapentin (60142-96-3)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  ibuprofen (15687-27-1)
  lamotrigine (84057-84-1)
  lidocaine (137-58-6, 24847-67-4, 56934-02-2, 73-78-9)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine sulfate (23095-84-3, 35764-55-7, 64-31-3)
  muscle relaxant agent (9008-44-0)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxcarbazepine (28721-07-5)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  oxymorphone (357-07-3, 76-41-5)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  topiramate (97240-79-4)
  valproate semisodium (76584-70-8)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
  zonisamide (68291-97-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004068302
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 811
TITLE
  An initiation in Dáder methodology in the pharmacotherapeutic monitoring in 
a community pharmacy
ORIGINAL (NON-ENGLISH) TITLE
  Iniciación a la metodología Dáder de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en una 
farmacia comunitaria
AUTHOR NAMES
  Barris D.
  Faus M.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Barris D., d.barris.000@recol.es)
(Barris D., d.barris.000@recol.es) Farmacia C. Zarzuelo, C/ Cd. Melilla - 
Plaza Mayor 20-21, 29630 Benalmadena (Malaga).
(Faus M.J.) Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, 
Universidad de Granada, .
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Barris, Farmacia C. Zarzuelo, C/ Cd. Melilla - Plaza Mayor 20-21, 29630 
Benalmadena (Malaga). Email: d.barris.000@recol.es
SOURCE
  Ars Pharmaceutica (2003) 44:3 (225-237). Date of Publication: 2003
ISSN
  0004-2927
  0004-2927 (electronic)
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Editorial Universida de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, 
Spain.
ABSTRACT
  The objectives of this study were to analyse drug related problems (DRP) 
detected in patients at a community pharmacy, to classify them in accordance 
with the categories of necessity, effectiveness and safety, and to evaluate 
the communication channel used to solve the problem. The Dáder Program 
methodology for pharmacotherapy following at community pharmacies, was 
proposed by the Research Group for Pharmaceutical Care at the University of 
Granada. A total of 44 DRPs were detected over a period of 16 months, of 
which 75% were successfully resolved. The distribution of DRPs in accordance 
with the three basic categories of drug therapy were as follows: indication 
31.8% (DRP 1 & 2), effectiveness 34.1% (DRP 3 & 4) and safety 34.1% (DRP 5 & 
6). A successful outcome was achieved in 72.4% of the DRPs when a physician 
was contacted in order to resolve the problem, while 66.7% of the cases were 
resolved successfully through direct pharmacist intervention with the 
patient. The main therapeutic groups predominating in DRPs were: 
antihypertensives, lipid-lowering drugs and antidiabetics. New strategies 
are necessary in order to overcome barriers and in so doing, increase the 
number of patients receiving pharmacotherapy following service. This may be 
achieved through an improvement in communication techniques with the patient 
and a greater integration of the community pharmacy within the health 
system.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidiabetic agent
  antihypertensive agent
  antilipemic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug monitoring
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Dader program methodology
  drug efficacy
  drug indication
  drug safety
  health care system
  human
  methodology
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  Spanish, English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2007249811
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 812
TITLE
  Levosimendan: Implications for clinicians
AUTHOR NAMES
  McBride B.F.
  White C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (White C.M.) Hartford Hosp. Drug Info. Center, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, 
CT 06102-5037, United States.
(McBride B.F.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.M. White, Hartford Hosp. Drug Info. Center, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, 
CT 06102-5037, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2003) 43:10 (1071-1081). Date of 
Publication: 1 Oct 2003
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Levosimendan is a novel calcium sensitizing agent in development for the 
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. The agent increases myocardial 
force without increasing myocyte calcium concentrations, thus reducing the 
possibility for myocardial necrosis. In addition, the agent also causes 
vasodilation of coronary and peripheral vessels to improve coronary blood 
flow and reduce afterload. The short half-life is a benefit for intravenous 
administration but could be problematic for the drug's use in chronic heart 
failure. The risk of the development of arrhythmias from levosimendan 
appears small secondary to an increase in the QTc interval of 15 msec but 
needs to be evaluated in light of the ability of levosimendan to open 
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels. In addition, the 
agent has not been studied in patients with additional risks for torsades de 
pointes. Levosimendan has been shown to have beneficial survival effects in 
several populations; its use improves patient outcomes relative to the 
standard of care and has the potential to reduce hospital costs associated 
with heart failure. ©2003 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  levosimendan (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug interaction, drug 
therapy, intravenous drug administration, oral drug administration, 
pharmacoeconomics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, transdermal drug 
administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adenosine diphosphate (endogenous compound)
  adenosine triphosphate (endogenous compound)
  anticoagulant agent (drug interaction)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (drug interaction)
  brain natriuretic peptide (endogenous compound)
  calcium (endogenous compound)
  calcium sensitizer (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug interaction, 
drug therapy, intravenous drug administration, oral drug administration, 
pharmacoeconomics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, transdermal drug 
administration)
  captopril (drug interaction)
  carvedilol (drug interaction)
  catecholamine derivative (pharmacology)
  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor (drug interaction)
  diuretic agent (drug therapy)
  dobutamine (drug interaction)
  endothelin 1 (endogenous compound)
  inotropic agent (adverse drug reaction)
  isosorbide dinitrate (drug interaction)
  milrinone (drug interaction)
  myosin (endogenous compound)
  neurohormone (endogenous compound)
  nitrate (drug interaction)
  noradrenalin (endogenous compound)
  phosphodiesterase inhibitor (pharmacology)
  potassium channel
  tropomyosin (endogenous compound)
  troponin C (endogenous compound)
  troponin I (endogenous compound)
  troponin T (endogenous compound)
  unindexed drug
  vasodilator agent (drug interaction, drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  warfarin (drug interaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acute heart failure (disease management, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  calcium cell level
  channel gating
  clinical trial
  coronary artery blood flow
  coronary artery bypass graft
  coronary artery dilatation
  drug absorption
  drug effect
  drug efficacy
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug mechanism
  drug metabolism
  drug protein binding
  drug utilization
  heart afterload
  heart arrhythmia (side effect)
  heart infarction
  heart muscle cell
  heart muscle contractile force
  heart muscle necrosis (complication)
  heart ventricle arrhythmia (side effect)
  hospital cost
  human
  inotropism
  outcomes research
  patient care
  peripheral vascular system
  pharmacodynamics
  QT interval
  review
  risk assessment
  survival rate
  torsade des pointes (side effect)
  vasodilatation
  volume of distribution
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  adenosine diphosphate (20398-34-9, 58-64-0)
  adenosine triphosphate (15237-44-2, 56-65-5, 987-65-5)
  brain natriuretic peptide (114471-18-0)
  calcium (14092-94-5, 7440-70-2)
  captopril (62571-86-2)
  carvedilol (72956-09-3)
  dobutamine (34368-04-2, 52663-81-7)
  isosorbide dinitrate (87-33-2)
  levosimendan (141505-33-1)
  milrinone (78415-72-2)
  nitrate (14797-55-8)
  noradrenalin (1407-84-7, 51-41-2)
  tropomyosin (72067-79-9)
  troponin C (56094-11-2)
  troponin I (77108-40-8)
  troponin T (60304-72-5)
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003389923
MEDLINE PMID
  14517189 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14517189)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270003257217
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 813
TITLE
  Development and implementation of a tobacco cessation training program for 
students in the health professions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hudmon K.S.
  Corelli R.L.
  Gundersen B.
  Kroon L.A.
  Sakamoto L.M.
  Hemberger K.K.
  Fenlon C.
  Prokhorov A.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hudmon K.S., khudmon@itsa.ucsf.edu; Corelli R.L.; Kroon L.A.; Fenlon C.) 
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of California San 
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Hudmon K.S., khudmon@itsa.ucsf.edu) School of Pharmacy, Univ. of California 
San Francisco, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94118, United 
States.
(Gundersen B.; Sakamoto L.M.; Hemberger K.K.; Prokhorov A.V.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.S. Hudmon, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of California San Francisco, 3333 
California Street, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States. Email: 
khudmon@itsa.ucsf.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Cancer Education (2003) 18:3 (142-149). Date of Publication: Fall 
2003
ISSN
  0885-8195
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Routledge, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Background. A comprehensive tobacco cessation training program, Rx for 
Change, was developed and implemented as required coursework at all 
California schools of pharmacy and at the University of California San 
Francisco Schools of Medicine and Dentistry. Results. Post-training 
evaluations administered to pharmacy students (n = 544; 89% participation) 
show a positive impact of the training on students' self-reported abilities 
for providing tobacco cessation counseling to patients. Conclusion. Designed 
as a vehicle for nationwide dissemination of the U.S. Public Health Service 
Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, Rx for 
Change equips students with skills to intervene with all tobacco users, 
including patients who are not yet considering quitting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical education
  education program
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  clinical practice
  conference paper
  curriculum
  evaluation study
  female
  health education
  human
  male
  medical school
  medical student
  normal human
  patient counseling
  pharmacy
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  self report
  skill
  tobacco dependence
  training
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003396952
MEDLINE PMID
  14512261 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512261)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 814
TITLE
  Evaluation of Home-Based Follow-Up of High-Risk Elderly Patients Discharged 
from Hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Naunton M.
  Peterson G.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Naunton M.; Peterson G.M., G.Peterson@utas.edu.au) Department of Pharmacy, 
Tasmanian School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 
Australia.
(Peterson G.M., G.Peterson@utas.edu.au) Tasmanian School of Pharmacy, 
Faculty of Health Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-26, Hobart, 
Tasmania 7001, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.M. Peterson, Tasmanian School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, 
University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-26, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. 
Email: G.Peterson@utas.edu.au
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research (2003) 33:3 (176-182). Date of 
Publication: Sep 2003
ISSN
  1445-937X
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To evaluate pharmacist-conducted follow-up at home of high-risk 
elderly patients discharged from hospital. Method: A randomised controlled 
study, in which medical patients admitted to hospital and fulfilling 
high-risk criteria (including age 60 years or older and prescribed four or 
more regular medications) were randomly assigned to an intervention or 
control group. Patients in the intervention group were visited at home by a 
pharmacist five days after discharge. The pharmacist educated patients on 
their medications, encouraged compliance, assessed for drug-related 
problems, intervened when appropriate and communicated all relevant findings 
to community health professionals. The intervention group patients were 
revisited at home 90 days after discharge to evaluate the outcomes of 
interventions made on day 5. Patients in the control group were visited at 
home by a pharmacist 90 days after discharge and provided with an identical 
comprehensive medication review Results: One hundred and twenty-one patients 
completed the study. There were no significant differences between the two 
groups in key clinical and demographic parameters at baseline. A median of 
three drug-related problems were identified in each intervention group 
patient at the five day home visit. Ninety days after discharge this had 
declined to one, compared to two for the control group patients (p < 
0.0001). In the intervention group, compliance had improved and was 
significantly higher than for the control group after 90 days (p < 0.0001). 
There was a significant decline in the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 
drugs by the intervention group patients. Forty-five per cent of the control 
group patients had unplanned readmissions to hospital during the 90 days 
following discharge compared to 28% of the intervention group patients (p = 
0.05). The intervention program was well-received by patients and their 
general practitioners. Recommendations from the pharmacist were implemented 
by general practitioners in 79% of cases. Conclusion: A pharmacist-conducted 
follow-up at home of high-risk elderly patients discharged from hospital is 
valuable in identifying and addressing drug-related problems and reducing 
the risk of readmission to hospital.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amiodarone (adverse drug reaction)
  atenolol (adverse drug reaction)
  digoxin (adverse drug reaction)
  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug 
interaction)
  flecainide (adverse drug reaction)
  insulin (adverse drug reaction)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  elderly care
  home care
  hospital discharge
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  bradycardia (side effect)
  controlled study
  demography
  drug hypersensitivity (side effect)
  female
  follow up
  food drug interaction
  general practice
  health care personnel
  high risk population
  hospital admission
  human
  hypoglycemia
  major clinical study
  male
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  practice guideline
  randomization
  side effect (side effect)
  toxicity (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amiodarone (1951-25-3, 19774-82-4, 62067-87-2)
  atenolol (29122-68-7)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  flecainide (54143-55-4)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003505597
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 815
TITLE
  Feedback wanted on e-learning pack
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2003) 271:7264 (258). Date of Publication: 30 Aug 
2003
ISSN
  0031-6873
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  drug
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  postgraduate education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  education program
  Internet
  note
  online system
  opiate addiction
  pharmacist
  publishing
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003385214
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 816
TITLE
  Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of CHF 3381, a novel 
N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, after single oral doses in healthy subjects
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tarral A.
  Dostert P.
  Guillevic Y.
  Fabbri L.
  Rondelli I.
  Mariotti F.
  Imbimbo B.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tarral A.; Dostert P.; Guillevic Y.) Biotrial, Technopole Atalante 
Villejean, Rennes, France.
(Fabbri L.; Rondelli I.; Mariotti F.; Imbimbo B.P.) Research and Development 
Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy.
(Imbimbo B.P.) Research and Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Via 
Palermo 26/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.P. Imbimbo, Research and Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Via 
Palermo 26/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2003) 43:8 (901-911). Date of Publication: 
1 Aug 2003
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess 
the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of CHF 
3381 in 56 young healthy male volunteers. The central nervous system effects 
of CHF 3381 were also evaluated, as well as the effect of food on the rate 
and extent of CHF 3381 absorption. Seven doses of CHF 3381 (25, 50, 100, 
200, 300, 450, and 600 mg) were evaluated in an escalating order. At each 
dose level, 6 subjects were given CHF 3381, and 2 subjects were given 
placebo. Safety and tolerability evaluation included adverse events, 
physical examination, vital functions, electrocardiogram, laboratory tests, 
and 24-hour Holter (100-mg and 450-mg dose panels). Plasma and urinary 
concentrations of CHF 3381 and its two main metabolites (CHF 3567 and 
2-aminoindane) were measured with a validated high-performance liquid 
chromatography method. Central nervous system effects were evaluated with 
the simple reaction time (SRT); learning memory task (LMT); Bond & Lader 
Visual Analog Scale for alertness, contentedness, and calmness; Addiction 
Research Center Inventory (ARCI); and electroencephalogram. There were no 
serious adverse events; the most frequent adverse events were dizziness, 
abnormal thinking, and asthenia. The number of adverse events with moderate 
intensity increased sharply with the dose, with no or few events up to 450 
mg and 17 events with 600 mg. Therefore, 600 mg was defined as the maximum 
tolerated dose. There were no significant treatment effects on 
cardiovascular function and electrocardiogram parameters at any CHF 3381 
dose or on oral temperature or laboratory tests. There were no clinically 
significant changes in laboratory variables. CHF 3381 was absorbed rapidly 
(t(max) = 0.5-2 h) and cleared from plasma with a half-life of 3 to 4 hours. 
Plasma levels of CHF 3381 and its two major metabolites were found to be 
proportional to the dose. 2-Aminoindane formed slowly and reached much lower 
concentrations compared to the parent compound and the other metabolite (CHF 
3567). Within 48 hours after dosing, 2% to 6% of the administered dose was 
found in the urine as unchanged drug, about 50% to 55% as the acid 
derivative (CHF 3567), and 2% to 3% as 2-aminoindane. Ingestion of food did 
not affect the extent of absorption of the drug, while the rate of 
absorption was considerably reduced (t(max) = 4 h). No significant effects 
of CHF 3381 were observed on attention (SRT) or memory (LMT). Visual analog 
scales revealed a decreasing effect of CHF 3381 on alertness at 1 hour that 
reached statistical significance at 300 and 600 mg. EEG spectral analysis 
revealed minor decreasing effects of the 200-mg dose on total electric power 
measured at 2 hours. A stimulant effect was detected by the ARCI scale 24 
hours after the 300-mg dose and might be related to the slow formation of 
the 2-aminoindane metabolite. In conclusion, this study has shown that the 
maximum tolerated dose of CHF 3381 after single oral administration in young 
healthy male volunteers is 600 mg. CHF 3381 displays linear pharmacokinetics 
in the dose range of 25 to 600 mg. The compound is rapidly absorbed and 
cleared from plasma with a half-life of 3 to 4 hours. The ingestion of food 
seems to not affect the extent of absorption of the drug. Minor effects on 
the central nervous system were detected at doses equal to or greater than 
300 mg. © 2003 The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  indantadol (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug administration, drug 
analysis, drug dose, oral drug administration, pharmacokinetics, 
pharmacology)
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor blocking agent (adverse drug 
reaction, clinical trial, drug administration, drug analysis, drug dose, 
oral drug administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2 aminoindan (drug analysis, drug concentration)
  chf 3567
  drug metabolite (drug analysis, drug concentration)
  indantadol
  n (2 indan 2 yl)glycine (drug analysis, drug concentration)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug safety
  pharmacodynamics
  pharmacokinetics
  single drug dose
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  accommodation
  adult
  area under the curve
  article
  asthenia (side effect)
  attention
  body temperature
  cardiovascular effect
  clinical trial
  cognitive defect (side effect)
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  double blind procedure
  drug absorption
  drug blood level
  drug clearance
  drug effect
  drug half life
  drug structure
  drug tolerability
  drug urine level
  eye disease (side effect)
  food drug interaction
  high performance liquid chromatography
  human
  malaise (side effect)
  male
  maximum tolerated dose
  memory
  nausea (side effect)
  normal human
  randomized controlled trial
  somnolence (side effect)
  urinary excretion
  vertigo (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  chf 3381  , ItalyChiesi

  chf 3567  , ItalyChiesi

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (Italy)Chiesi
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  2 aminoindan (2975-41-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003297231
MEDLINE PMID
  12953347 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12953347)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270003256137
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 817
TITLE
  Drug therapy management: an empirical report of drug therapy problems, 
pharmacists' interventions, and results of pharmacists' actions.
AUTHOR NAMES
  McDonough R.P.
  Doucette W.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McDonough R.P.; Doucette W.R.) College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 
Iowa City 52242, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.P. McDonough, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, 
USA. Email: randal-mcdonough@uiowa.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2003) 43:4 
(511-518). Date of Publication: 2003 Jul-Aug
ISSN
  1544-3191
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To determine the number and types of drug therapy problems 
identified by pharmacists at six community pharmacies, identify the 
interventions made by these pharmacists in their attempts to resolve drug 
therapy problems, and determine the results of the pharmacists' actions 
taken to resolve drug therapy problems. DESIGN: Retrospective review of 
patient records from pharmacies. SETTING: Six community pharmacies that had 
participated in Project ImPACT: Hyperlipidemia. PATIENTS: One hundred 
sixteen patients from Project ImPACT: Hyperlipidemia. INTERVENTION: Drug 
therapy problems, pharmacists' interventions, and results of pharmacists' 
actions were identified and categorized. Drug therapy problems were 
classified into seven categories, pharmacists' interventions into six 
categories, and results were categorized into eight types. Frequencies and 
descriptive statistics were calculated for the measures. RESULTS: A total of 
512 initial drug therapy problems were reported for 116 patients in the 6 
pharmacies. In addition to the initial interventions, pharmacists documented 
another 545 times in which they intervened on the original problems. There 
were 354 (69.1%) drug therapy problems associated with hyperlipidemia and 
158 (30.9%) with other conditions. Overall, most common types of drug 
therapy problems were needs additional therapy (39.8%) and nonadherence to 
therapy (31.1%). The most common discretionary pharmacist interventions were 
patient education and physician communication, which occurred on average 
4.63 and 3.30 times during the project period. The most common consequence 
of a pharmacist intervention was an increase in patient adherence, which was 
reported for almost half of the patients. CONCLUSION: Drug therapy 
management (DTM) for patients with dyslipidemias identified frequent drug 
therapy problems associated with both hyperlipidemia and other conditions. 
Pharmacists used interventions that included laboratory testing, patient 
monitoring, patient education, and physician communication to influence 
patient adherence and optimize drug therapy. Although further research is 
needed, the findings of this analysis are promising for the more widespread 
adoption of a DTM role by community pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug therapy (adverse drug reaction)
  patient education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  female
  human
  hyperlipidemia (drug therapy)
  male
  middle aged
  retrospective study
  treatment refusal
  utilization review
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12952316 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12952316)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 818
TITLE
  Outreach pharmacy service in old age homes: A Hong Kong experience
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lau W.-M.
  Chan K.
  Yung T.-H.
  Lee A.S.-W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lau W.-M., lauwm@ha.org.hk; Chan K.; Yung T.-H.; Lee A.S.-W.) Prof./Clin. 
Service Devmt. Section, Chief Pharmacist's Office, Hospital Authority Head 
Office, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.-M. Lau, Prof./Clin. Service Devmt. Section, Chief Pharmacist's Office, 
Hospital Authority Head Office, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong. Email: 
lauwm@ha.org.hk
SOURCE
  Journal of the Chinese Medical Association (2003) 66:6 (346-354). Date of 
Publication: 1 Jun 2003
ISSN
  1726-4901
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Background. To explore drug-related problems in old age homes in Hong Kong 
through outreach pharmacy service. Methods. A standard form was used by 
outreach pharmacists to identify drug-related problems at old age homes. 
Homes were selected through random sampling, voluntary participation or 
adverse selection. Initial observation and assessment were performed in the 
first and second weeks. Appropriate advice and recommendations were given 
upon assessment and supplemented by a written report. Educational talks were 
provided to staff of the homes in addition to other drug information 
materials. At week 7 to 9, evaluations were carried out. Results. 
Eighty-five homes were assessed and identified to have problems in the drug 
management system. These problems could generally be classified into 
physical storage (8.8%), quality of storage (19.2%), drug administration 
system (13.3%), documentation (16.4%), and drug knowledge of staff of homes 
(42.2%). Quality of drug storage was the most common problem found, followed 
by documentation and drug knowledge (73%, 50% and 44% of points assessed 
with problems, respectively). Apart from lack of drug knowledge and 
unawareness of potential risks by staff, minimal professional standards 
unmet may be fundamentally related to lack of professional input and 
inadequacy in legislation. Most homes demonstrated significant improvements 
upon simple interventions, from a majority of homes with more than 10 
problems to a majority with less than 5 problems. Conclusions. Diverse 
problems in drug management are common in old age homes, which warrants 
attention and professional inputs. Simple interventions and education by 
pharmacists are shown to be effective in improving the quality of drug 
management and hence care to residents. While future financing of old age 
home service can be reviewed within the social context to provide incentives 
for improvement, review of regulatory policy with enforcement may be more 
fundamental and effective in upholding the service standard.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  furosemide
  glyceryl trinitrate
  haloperidol
  insulin
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  elderly care
  nursing home
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  awareness
  controlled study
  drug information
  drug quality
  drug storage
  health care delivery
  health care financing
  health care management
  health care policy
  health care quality
  Hong Kong
  human
  law
  medical documentation
  metered dose inhaler
  nebulizer
  patient counseling
  patient education
  professional standard
  randomization
  review
  risk assessment
  standardization
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  furosemide (54-31-9)
  glyceryl trinitrate (55-63-0)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003416245
MEDLINE PMID
  12889503 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12889503)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 819
TITLE
  Seamless pharmaceutical care in HIV-infected patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shah S.
  Hughes C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shah S., scones9@hotmail.com; Hughes C.) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of 
Alberta, Alberta, Alta., Canada.
(Shah S., scones9@hotmail.com) Calgary Co-op Pharmacy, Calgary, Alta., 
Canada.
(Hughes C.) HIV Clinic, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta, Alta., 
Canada.
(Shah S., scones9@hotmail.com) 502-33 Arbour Grove Close NW, Calgary, Alta. 
T3G 4K2, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Shah, 502-33 Arbour Grove Close NW, Calgary, Alta. T3G 4K2, Canada. 
Email: scones9@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (2003) 136:2 (28-32). Date of Publication: 
2003
ISSN
  0828-6914
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: Enhance communication between the HIV clinic pharmacist and OPD, 
document the number of DRPs identified and resolved as a result of the 
seamless care interaction and compile workload data. Design: Prospective 
descriptive study. Setting: HIV clinic and outpatient pharmacy department 
(OPD) at the University of Alberta Hospital. Participants: HIV-seropositive 
patients. Methods: A seamless care documentation form (SCDF) was developed 
to transfer information between the HIV clinic and OPD. Results: 
Eighty-three patients participated in the three-month study. Patients were 
receiving an average of 4.5 medications. Forty-six patients (55%) were 
receiving a protease inhibitor-based regimen. Twenty-seven drug-related 
problems (DRPs) were identified in 27 individuals. The majority (25/27) were 
related to non-adherence, based on review of pharmacy refill records. 
Completion of the form required a mean of five minutes per patient and, on 
average, the clinic pharmacist spent 10 minutes following up with patients 
identified by the OPD. The OPD spent an average of 10 minutes per patient 
reviewing the seamless care form and updating profiles. Conclusion: The SCDF 
facilitated the transfer of information between the clinic and OPD.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiretrovirus agent (drug therapy)
  proteinase inhibitor (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy)
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  follow up
  highly active antiretroviral therapy
  human
  major clinical study
  outpatient department
  pharmacist
  serology
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  proteinase inhibitor (37205-61-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003196511
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 820
TITLE
  Pharmacist involvement in a multidisciplinary inpatient medication education 
program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Calabrese A.T.
  Cholka K.
  Lenhart S.E.
  McCarty B.
  Zewe G.
  Sunseri D.
  Roberts M.
  Kapoor W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Calabrese A.T., calabresea@msx.upmc.edu) Department of Pharmacy, University 
of Pittsburgh (UP), Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Calabrese A.T., calabresea@msx.upmc.edu) UPMC-Presbytrian, Pittsburgh, PA, 
United States.
(Cholka K.) Department of Ambulatory Care, Univ. of Wisconsin Hosp. and 
Clinics, Madison, WI, United States.
(Cholka K.; Lenhart S.E.) Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 
UPMC-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Lenhart S.E.) Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ, United States.
(McCarty B.; Zewe G.; Sunseri D.) Department od Medicine, UPMC-Presbyterian, 
Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Zewe G.) School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC-Presbyterian, 
Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Roberts M.) Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 
UPMC-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Kapoor W.) Division of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 
UPMC-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Calabrese A.T., calabresea@msx.upmc.edu) Department of Pharmacy, UPMC 
Health System, 302 Scaife Hall, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.T. Calabrese, Department of Pharmacy, UPMC Health System, 302 Scaife Hall, 
200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. Email: 
calabresea@msx.upmc.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2003) 60:10 (1012-1018). Date of 
Publication: 15 May 2003
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  The development of a multidisciplinary inpatient medication education 
program is described. A multidisciplinary group designed and implemented a 
medication education program with defined roles for both nurses and 
pharmacists. Nurses provided medication education to patients during each 
medication administration using specially designed assessment and teaching 
tools. The nursing staff submitted requests for pharmacist consultations for 
patients with complex medication regimens, who were admitted because of a 
drug-related problem or who required additional teaching as determined 
through the medication education assessment form. A complex medication 
regimen was defined as the admin[stration of oral medication more than five 
different times per day, the start of at least 5 new medications that would 
be continued at discharge, or the prescribing of at least 10 medications to 
be taken daily that would be continued at discharge. Pharmacists provided 
education for 19% of admitted patients during a six-month period. As a 
result of pharmacists' interactions with prescribers and nurses, the number 
of medications was reduced in 12% of these patients, and the number of 
medication administrations each day was reduced in 19% of patients. In 
addition, for 33% of patients, pharmacists contacted the prescriber to make 
recommendations beyond the scope of the medication education program that 
optimized and simplified the patient's drug regimen. The development of a 
structured medication education program allowed patients to receive 
medication education throughout their hospitalization from both nurses and 
pharmacists. Pharmacists provided education for patients at highest risk for 
noncompliance or poor outcomes. Full implementation of a medication 
education program involving staff pharmacists is planned.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  education program
  patient education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  algorithm
  article
  hospital patient
  human
  nurse
  patient compliance
  priority journal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003198693
MEDLINE PMID
  12789872 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12789872)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 821
TITLE
  Impaired residents: identification and intervention.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Veldenz H.C.
  Scott K.K.
  Dennis J.W.
  Tepas 3rd. J.J.
  Schinco M.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Veldenz H.C.; Scott K.K.; Dennis J.W.; Tepas 3rd. J.J.; Schinco M.S.) 
Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, 
Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.C. Veldenz, Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science 
Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
SOURCE
  Current surgery (2003) 60:2 (214-217). Date of Publication: 2003 Mar-Apr
ISSN
  0149-7944
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: To describe the effect of a psychologist on faculty staff 
supporting impaired residents to successful program completion in general 
surgery. METHODS: Since 1996, the Department of Surgery has had a staff 
psychologist on faculty who works closely with the Trauma service. Duties 
include provision of patient and family therapies (representing a 
revenue-generating activity for the department), in-services for staff 
stress management, research, and community education activities. As resident 
performance issues have arisen, the psychologist has been instrumental in 
early identification of and referral for underlying issues affecting 
resident behavior. RESULTS: From 1996 to October 2001, 12 residents (2 with 
multiple referrals) have been identified with significant psychological 
issues impairing performance. The various psychological problems include 
depression, anger control issues, and addictions; required interventions 
have included referrals for therapeutic counseling, recommendations for 
career change, and therapeutic counseling combined with pharmacotherapy. 
Fellow residents referred 4 of the 12 residents to the psychologist for 
possible evaluation, and the remaining 8 had referral initiated by 
performance concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Significant psychological problems can 
impair resident performance and possible training program completion. Early 
identification and intervention by a professional psychologist on faculty 
can provide support for increased opportunity to complete residency 
training.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  malpractice
  medical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction (diagnosis)
  anger
  article
  depression (diagnosis)
  patient referral
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  14972299 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14972299)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 822
TITLE
  Interventions in chronic pain management. 4. Medications in pain management
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ericksen J.J.
  Braverman D.L.
  Shah R.V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ericksen J.J., jerickse@hsc.vcu.edu) Department of Physical Medicine, 
Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 
Richmond, VA, United States.
(Braverman D.L.) Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania 
Sch. of Med., Univ. of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United 
States.
(Shah R.V.) Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech Univ. Hlth. Sci. 
Center, International Pain Institute, Lubbock, TX, United States.
(Ericksen J.J., jerickse@hsc.vcu.edu) Dept. of PM and R, VA Cmw. Univ./Med. 
Coll. of VA Camp., Box 980677, 1223 E Marshall St, Richmond, VA 23298, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.J. Ericksen, Dept. of PM and R, VA Cmw. Univ./Med. Coll. of VA Camp., Box 
980677, 1223 E Marshall St, Richmond, VA 23298, United States. Email: 
jerickse@hsc.vcu.edu
SOURCE
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (2003) 84:3 (S50-S56). Date 
of Publication: 1 Mar 2003
ISSN
  0003-9993
BOOK PUBLISHER
  W.B. Saunders, Independence Square West, Philadelphia, United States.
ABSTRACT
  This self-directed learning module, which highlights pharmacologic 
approaches in the management of chronic pain, focuses on both traditional 
and nontraditional medications. It is part of the study guide on 
interventions in chronic pain management in the Self-Directed Physiatric 
Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and 
rehabilitation. This article highlights medication concepts, including the 
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, opiate management of chronic pain, and 
neuropathic pain management; and it reviews some nontraditional approaches 
such as homeopathy and herbal remedies. © 2003 by the American Academy of 
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (drug therapy)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (drug therapy)
  opiate (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug comparison, drug 
therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  baclofen (drug dose, drug therapy)
  botulinum toxin A (drug therapy)
  celecoxib (drug therapy)
  dextropropoxyphene (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  dextropropoxyphene plus paracetamol
  etodolac (drug therapy)
  hyco pap
  hydrocodone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus ibuprofen
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug 
therapy)
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol
  hydrocodone bitartrate plus paracetamol
  oxycodone (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  oxycodone plus paracetamol
  oxycodone plus paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
  oxycodone plus paracetamol
  oxycodone plus paracetamol (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  paracetamol (drug combination, drug therapy)
  rofecoxib (drug therapy)
  tramadol (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain (drug therapy, rehabilitation, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  constipation (side effect)
  drug dependence (side effect)
  drug mechanism
  drug tolerance
  education program
  enzyme inhibition
  herbal medicine
  homeopathy
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  mental disease (side effect)
  nausea (side effect)
  pain assessment
  respiration depression (side effect)
  review
  sedation
  seizure (side effect)
  somnolence (side effect)
  traditional medicine
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  darvocet
  endocet
  hyco pap
  lodine
  lorcet
  lortab
  maxidone
  norco
  roxicet
  tylenol
  tylox
  vicodin
  vicoprofen
  wygesic
  zydone
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
  botulinum toxin A (93384-43-1)
  celecoxib (169590-42-5)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  etodolac (41340-25-4)
  hydrocodone (125-29-1, 25968-91-6, 34366-67-1)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  rofecoxib (162011-90-7, 186912-82-3)
  tramadol (27203-92-5, 36282-47-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003107230
MEDLINE PMID
  12708559 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12708559)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.50050
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 823
TITLE
  The 19th Annual Peter Lamy Conference: 'High-Tech' and 'High-Touch' 
Strategies to Improve Geriatric Medication Use
AUTHOR NAMES
  Brandt N.
  Hardesty J.
  Doshi J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Brandt N.) Clinical and Education Program, Peter Lamy Center, Baltimore, 
MD, United States.
(Brandt N.) Dept. of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy, Univ. of Maryland School of 
Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Doshi J.) Univ. of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United 
States.
(Hardesty J.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Brandt, Clinical and Education Program, Peter Lamy Center, Baltimore, MD, 
United States.
SOURCE
  Consultant Pharmacist (2003) 18:2 (119-128). Date of Publication: Feb 2003
ISSN
  0888-5109
ABSTRACT
  In October 2002, the Peter Lamy Center-one of the foremost U.S. institutions 
dedicated to geriatric pharmacotherapy research and education-convened its 
19th annual conference on strategies for integrating innovative technology 
and to optimize medication outcomes in the senior population. This article 
summarizes selected highlights of the daylong conference.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent
  cholinesterase inhibitor
  neuroleptic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  geriatric care
  pharmaceutical care
  technology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  computer program
  conference paper
  drug information
  drug misuse (prevention)
  drug monitoring
  drug safety
  health care management
  health care quality
  health care system
  human
  information system
  Internet
  minicomputer
  patient care
  patient counseling
  patient education
  personal data assistant
  prescription
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2004067659
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 824
TITLE
  Pharmacy student knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about selling syringes to 
injection drug users.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Blumenthal W.J.
  Springer K.W.
  Jones T.S.
  Sterk C.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Blumenthal W.J.; Springer K.W.; Jones T.S.; Sterk C.E.) Division of 
Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for 
Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 
GA 30333, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.J. Blumenthal, Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, 
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and 
Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Email: Wblumenthal@cdc.gov
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:6 Suppl 2 (S34-39). Date of Publication: 2002 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To explore pharmacy school education and pharmacy students' 
knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), drug use, and syringe sales 
to injection drug users (IDUs). DESIGN: Qualitative study of a convenience 
sample of pharmacy school students. SETTING: A pharmacy school in the 
southeastern United States. INTERVENTION: Two focus groups and nine in-depth 
interviews were conducted about HIV/AIDS education and counseling, syringe 
sales to possible IDUs, and related pharmacy school education. PARTICIPANTS: 
19 Doctor of Pharmacy students, including 88 students in their third 
professional year and 11 in their fourth professional year. RESULTS: Most 
participants believed that they would benefit from more class time on 
HIV/AIDS topics, including AIDS treatment medications and HIV prevention. 
Most participants believed that the laws and regulations governing syringe 
sales in their state were vague, leaving syringe sale decisions to 
pharmacists' discretion. Nine study participants supported selling syringes 
to possible IDUs, five opposed it, and five were undecided or ambivalent. 
Classroom education focused on addiction to prescription drugs, with limited 
attention to illicit drug use. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students have divided 
opinions about selling syringes to IDUs. To prepare students for helping 
their patients with drug-use problems, pharmacy schools should increase 
training about HIV/AIDS and addiction. Policy makers should consider 
changing laws and regulations of syringe sales to recognize prevention of 
blood-borne infections as a legitimate medical purpose for selling syringes 
to IDUs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude to health
  pharmacy student
  substance abuse
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (prevention)
  patient education
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12489613 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12489613)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 825
TITLE
  Pharmacist ambivalence about sale of syringes to injection drug users.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Reich W.
  Compton W.M.
  Horton J.C.
  Cottler L.B.
  Cunningham-Williams R.M.
  Booth R.
  Singer M.
  Leukefeld C.
  Fink J.
  Stopka T.
  Corsi K.F.
  Tindall M.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Reich W.; Compton W.M.; Horton J.C.; Cottler L.B.; Cunningham-Williams 
R.M.; Booth R.; Singer M.; Leukefeld C.; Fink J.; Stopka T.; Corsi K.F.; 
Tindall M.S.) Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W. Reich, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. Email: 
wendyr@twins.wustl.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:6 Suppl 2 (S52-57). Date of Publication: 2002 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To examine pharmacists' attitudes and practices surrounding human 
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among injection drug users. DESIGN: 
Focus groups. SETTING: Urban and rural sites in Colorado, Connecticut, 
Kentucky, and Missouri. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Eight focus groups, 
with 4 to 11 pharmacists participating in each group. INTERVENTIONS: 
Transcripts of focus group discussions were evaluated for common themes by 
the authors and through the use of NUD*IST. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 
Willingness to sell syringes to all customers, views on syringe exchange 
programs (SEPs), knowledge of laws governing syringe sales and racial, 
ethnic, or gender biases in syringe selling practices. RESULTS: Two 
pharmacists established their own policies of selling syringes to everyone, 
and three expressed a willingness to have their pharmacies serve as SEPs. A 
total of 20% of the pharmacists expressed an interest in learning more about 
the efficacy of SEPs and distribution of syringes by pharmacists, and were 
willing to change their views based on this information. Many also indicated 
a general willingness to work with SEPs or to participate in the effort to 
curb the spread of HIV. However, a majority of pharmacists opposed having 
SEPs in their pharmacies and reported selling syringes only within specific 
limits: to known diabetics, to individuals who looked reasonable, or to 
individuals who presented a logical explanation. No racial, ethnic, or 
gender bias was observed. CONCLUSION: Opinions among pharmacists varied 
across and within sites. While a majority of pharmacists would not establish 
SEPs in their own pharmacies, nearly all would participate in other 
HIV-prevention programs. Educational programs for pharmacists may be 
valuable in HIV-prevention efforts.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  substance abuse
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health personnel attitude
  human
  information processing
  medicolegal aspect
  rural population
  urban population
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12489616 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12489616)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 826
TITLE
  The legality of selling or giving syringes to injection drug users.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Burris S.
  Vernick J.S.
  Ditzler A.
  Strathdee S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Burris S.; Vernick J.S.; Ditzler A.; Strathdee S.) Temple University 
Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Burris, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122, 
USA. Email: scott.burris@temple.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:6 Suppl 2 (S13-18). Date of Publication: 2002 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: Laws limiting access to sterile syringes impede the public 
health goal that injection drug users (IDUs) use a new, sterile syringe for 
every injection to reduce blood-borne disease transmission. We sought to 
determine the legality of selling or giving syringes to IDUs to prevent 
disease. DESIGN: We used standard legal research methods to identify and 
analyze laws and regulations influencing the distribution of syringes in the 
50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. 
RESULTS: A total of 51 jurisdictions had drug paraphernalia laws; 14 had 
syringe prescription laws or regulations; 11 required purchasers to show 
identification; 13 had legislation authorizing syringe exchange programs 
(SEPs). Since the beginning of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, 11 
states have fully or partially deregulated syringe sales. Nonprescription 
retail syringe sales to IDUs for disease prevention purposes are clearly 
legal in 20 states, and have a reasonable claim to legality in 22 more. 
Sales to IDUs with a prescription are clearly illegal in only 3 
jurisdictions. SEPs can operate legally in at least 21 states. CONCLUSION: 
Syringe access laws in most states may reasonably be interpreted to allow 
pharmacists to sell syringes to IDUs to prevent disease. In practice, 
however, unclear laws and pharmacist uncertainty as to their interpretation 
may constitute continuing barriers to syringe access for IDUs. A 
comprehensive public policy of ensuring syringe access for IDUs requires 
eliminating legal barriers to the sale, possession, and disposal of 
syringes, and educating pharmacists and law enforcement officials about the 
legality and public health importance of sterile syringe access.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medicolegal aspect
  substance abuse
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  pharmacist
  preventive health service
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12489604 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12489604)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 827
TITLE
  Individual and structural influences shaping pharmacists' decisions to sell 
syringes to injection drug users in Atlanta, Georgia.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Taussig J.
  Junge B.
  Burris S.
  Jones T.S.
  Sterk C.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Taussig J.; Junge B.; Burris S.; Jones T.S.; Sterk C.E.) Georgia Department 
of Corrections, Atlanta 30334, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Taussig, Georgia Department of Corrections, Atlanta 30334, USA. Email: 
taussj00@dcor.state.ga.us
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:6 Suppl 2 (S40-45). Date of Publication: 2002 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To better understand the individual (e.g., attitudes and beliefs) 
and structural (e.g., laws and regulations) factors that influence and shape 
pharmacists' decisions about selling syringes to injection drug users 
(IDUs). DESIGN: Qualitative research. SETTING: Metropolitan Atlanta. 
PARICIPANTS: 20 practicing pharmacists who work in or near areas of high 
drug use in Atlanta, and nine pharmacists who are considered leaders in 
their profession in Georgia. INTERVENTIONS: Semistructured, in-depth 
interviews. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Individual and structural factors that 
influence pharmacists' decisions about selling syringes to IDUs. RESULTS: 
Pharmacists reported that they use their professional discretion in making 
syringe sale decisions and that these decisions are influenced by 
individuals factors such as their personal attitudes and beliefs about the 
nature and causes of drug use, and by structural factors such as the Georgia 
Board of Pharmacy regulation stating that syringes cannot be sold if they 
will be used for an "unlawful purpose." CONCLUSIONS: IDUs' access to sterile 
syringes from pharmacies in Atlanta, would likely be increased by (1) 
providing practicing pharmacists with professional education programs that 
describe the broad professional support for IDU access to sterile syringes 
and why blood-borne infection prevention is a legitimate medical purpose for 
selling syringes and (2) removing or modifying the restrictive Board of 
Pharmacy regulation governing syringe sales.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  substance abuse
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  African American
  article
  health personnel attitude
  human
  interview
  psychological aspect
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12489614 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12489614)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 828
TITLE
  Pharmacist support for selling syringes without a prescription to injection 
drug users in Rhode Island.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Rich J.D.
  Martin E.G.
  Macalino G.E.
  Paul R.V.
  McNamara S.
  Taylor L.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Rich J.D.; Martin E.G.; Macalino G.E.; Paul R.V.; McNamara S.; Taylor L.E.) 
Brown Medical School, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 
02906, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.D. Rich, Brown Medical School, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island 02906, USA. Email: jrich@lifespan.org
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:6 Suppl 2 (S58-61). Date of Publication: 2002 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To examine pharmacists' attitudes and obstacles to syringe sales 
to IDUs without prescriptions in Rhode Island, around the time that such 
sales became legal in the state. DESIGN: Self-administered written survey. 
SETTING: Rhode Island. PARTICIPANTS: 400 randomly selected pharmacist 
members of the Rhode Island Pharmacists Association. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 
Responses to survey items. RESULTS: Of the 400 pharmacists contacted, 131 
(33%) completed and returned the survey; of these, 101 (77%) were 
pharmacists who worked in stores that provided direct nonprescription 
syringe sales to the public. The majority of these 101 pharmacists were 
willing to sell syringes to a suspected IDU without a prescription (65%), 
favored providing free sharps containers for disposal (68%), and supported 
providing pamphlets on safer injection practices (88%). Willingness to sell 
syringes to IDUs without a prescription was significantly correlated with 
various beliefs about possible consequences of sales. CONCLUSION: The high 
level of support for nonprescription syringe sales to IDUs is promising. The 
correlation between the willingness to sell syringes to IDUs without a 
prescription and various beliefs suggests that future educational 
interventions might encourage pharmacists to sell syringes to this 
population without a prescription to decrease HIV and hepatitis 
transmission.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  substance abuse
  syringe
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  female
  health personnel attitude
  human
  information processing
  male
  middle aged
  prescription
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12489617 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12489617)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 829
TITLE
  Recovery from severe mental illness: An intrapersonal and functional outcome 
definition
AUTHOR NAMES
  Noordsy D.
  Torrey W.
  Mueser K.
  Mead S.
  O'Keefe C.
  Fox L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Noordsy D., noordsy@dartmouth.edu; Torrey W.; Mueser K.; Mead S.; Fox L.) 
New Hampshire-Dartmouth P. R. Ctr., Manchester, NH 03101, United States.
(Noordsy D., noordsy@dartmouth.edu; O'Keefe C.) MHCGM, 1555 Elm St., 
Manchester, NH 03101, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Noordsy, MHCGM, 1555 Elm St., Manchester, NH 03101, United States. Email: 
noordsy@dartmouth.edu
SOURCE
  International Review of Psychiatry (2002) 14:4 (318-326). Date of 
Publication: Nov 2002
ISSN
  0954-0261
ABSTRACT
  To promote research and improved clinical practice, three criteria are 
proposed to define recovery from severe mental illness: hope, 
self-responsibility and 'getting on with life' beyond illness. Each of these 
criteria can be measured at the intrapsychic-subjective, 
interpersonal-behavioral, and environmental levels. The criteria were 
identified through cumulative experiences of a decade of clinical services 
research at the New Hampshire-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, 
contributions from consumers and family advocates, and focus groups. 
Measures of each criterion are proposed through the use of extant assessment 
instruments such as the Beck Hopel Hopelessness Scale, Locus of Control 
Questionnaire, instrumental and social role functioning scales, and 
subjective ratings of quality of life. Collateral sources of information are 
required to assure that the measures of the criteria for recovery are 
reliable, accurate and valid. The criteria selected to define recovery have 
already instigated the use of a broad array of tools to assess the course 
and outcome of schizophrenia in research and clinical practice. 
Concentrating on the importance of self-responsibility as a criterion should 
have the spin-off benefit of encouraging psychiatrists to more actively 
involve their clients in a collaborative enterprise for pharmacotherapy, 
including education in disease management and shared decision-making. To 
promote recovery using the three component definition will require 
rehabilitation practitioners to provide services that should facilitate 
clients managing and directing their own lives with greater autonomy. 
Services that enable clients to develop the social and independent living 
skills needed for community reintegration will engender hope, 
self-responsibility, and the development of a functional person who has 
recovered from a disabling mental disorder. Operationalizing recovery should 
accelerate hypothesis-testing research on this construct, including 
determining the attributes of treatment and rehabilitation services that are 
associated with optimal states of recovery.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  schizophrenia (diagnosis, disease management, rehabilitation)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  case report
  community care
  consumer
  convalescence
  disease course
  drug abuse
  human
  male
  mental disease (diagnosis, disease management, rehabilitation)
  mental health care
  priority journal
  psychosis (diagnosis, disease management, rehabilitation)
  rating scale
  responsibility
  social support
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (19)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002434478
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954026021000016969
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 830
TITLE
  Prevention and treatment of hepatitis C in injection drug users
AUTHOR NAMES
  Edlin B.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Edlin B.R.) Urban Health Study, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 3180 
18th St., San Francisco, CA 94110, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.R. Edlin, Urban Health Study, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 3180 
18th St., San Francisco, CA 94110, United States. Email: 
bredlin@itsa.ucsf.edu
SOURCE
  Hepatology (2002) 36:5 I (S210-S219). Date of Publication: 1 Nov 2002
ISSN
  0270-9139
BOOK PUBLISHER
  John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, United 
Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Injection drug users constitute the largest group of persons infected with 
the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States, and most new infections 
occur in drug users. Controlling hepatitis C in the U.S. population, 
therefore, will require developing, testing, and implementing effective 
prevention and treatment strategies for persons who inject drugs. 
Fortunately, a substantial body of research and clinical experience exists 
on the prevention and management of chronic viral diseases among injection 
drug users. The need to implement interventions to stop the spread of HCV 
among drug users is critical. The capacity of substance-use treatment 
programs need to be expanded to accommodate all who want and need treatment. 
Physicians and pharmacists should be educated in how to provide access to 
sterile syringes and to teach safe injection techniques, both of which are 
lifesaving interventions. The treatment of hepatitis C in drug users 
requires an interdisciplinary approach that brings together expertise in 
treating hepatitis and caring for drug users. Treatment decisions should be 
made individually by patients with their physicians, based on a balanced 
assessment of risks and benefits and the patient's personal values. 
Physicians should carefully assess, monitor, and support adherence and 
mental health in all patients, regardless of whether drug use is known or 
suspected. Research is needed to better understand how best to prevent and 
treat hepatitis C in substance users. In the meantime, substantial progress 
can be made if existing knowledge and resources are brought to bear.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alpha interferon (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug therapy)
  interferon (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug therapy)
  ribavirin (adverse drug reaction, drug combination, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hepatitis C (epidemiology, etiology, prevention)
  intravenous drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcohol consumption
  conference paper
  depression (drug therapy, side effect)
  disease course
  drug efficacy
  drug tolerability
  human
  instrument sterilization
  medical decision making
  mental disease (drug therapy, side effect)
  patient compliance
  patient counseling
  patient education
  practice guideline
  priority journal
  prison
  public health service
  reinfection
  risk assessment
  treatment indication
  treatment outcome
  treatment planning
  United States
  virus transmission
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  ribavirin (36791-04-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Gastroenterology (48)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002392154
MEDLINE PMID
  12407596 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12407596)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2002.36809
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 831
TITLE
  History and current status of opioid maintenance treatments: Blending 
conference session
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kreek M.J.
  Vocci F.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kreek M.J.) Lab. of the Biol. of Addictive Dis., Rockefeller University, 
Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY 10021, United States.
(Vocci F.J., fv6k@nih.gov) Div. of Treatm. Res. and Development, National 
Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F.J. Vocci, Div. of Treatm. Res. and Development, National Institute on Drug 
Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. 
Email: fv6k@nih.gov
SOURCE
  Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (2002) 23:2 (93-105). Date of 
Publication: September 2002
ISSN
  0740-5472
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Opiate addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder. Left untreated, high 
morbidity and mortality rates are seen. Pharmacotherapies for this disorder 
using mu opiate agonists (methadone and levomethadyl acetate) and partial 
agonists have been developed in the last 40 years. Agonist pharmacotherapy 
with oral methadone for the treatment of opiate dependence was developed in 
clinical pharmacology studies at Rockefeller University by Dole, Nyswander, 
and Kreek. Further studies by this laboratory and others established that 
moderate to high dose treatment with methadone (80-120 mg) reduced or 
eliminated opiate use in outpatient settings with consequent reductions in 
morbidity and up to 4-fold reductions in mortality. Levomethadyl acetate 
(LAAM), a congener of methadone, is biotransformed to active metabolites 
responsible for its longer duration of action. The Federal Regulations 
regarding the dispensation of methadone and LAAM have recently been revised 
to facilitate the treatment of patients under a "medical maintenance" model. 
Future regulatory reform will likely involve the establishment of rules for 
"office based opioid treatment." © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights 
reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  buprenorphine
  drug metabolite
  levacetylmethadol (drug therapy)
  methadone (drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  naloxone
  opiate agonist (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  biotransformation
  conference paper
  drug dependence treatment
  human
  maintenance therapy
  morbidity
  mortality
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
  priority journal
  recurrent disease
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)Roxane
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  levacetylmethadol (34433-66-4)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2003057121
MEDLINE PMID
  12220607 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12220607)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(02)00259-3
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 832
TITLE
  Recommendations for implementing effective substance abuse education in 
pharmacy practice.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dole E.J.
  Tommasello A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dole E.J.) Lovelace Health Systems, College of Pharmacy, University of New 
Mexico Health and Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
(Tommasello A.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.J. Dole, Lovelace Health Systems, College of Pharmacy, University of New 
Mexico Health and Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
SOURCE
  Substance abuse : official publication of the Association for Medical 
Education and Research in Substance Abuse (2002) 23:3 Suppl (263-271). Date 
of Publication: Sep 2002
ISSN
  0889-7077
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (diagnosis, rehabilitation)
  alcoholism (diagnosis, rehabilitation)
  education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical competence
  cooperation
  curriculum
  human
  interdisciplinary communication
  patient education
  specialization
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  23581000 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23581000)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 833
TITLE
  Toxicological screening for drugs of abuse in samples adulterated with 
household chemicals
AUTHOR NAMES
  Uebel R.A.
  Wium C.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Uebel R.A.; Wium C.A.) Department of Pharmacology, University of 
Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.A. Uebel, Department of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, 
Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa.
SOURCE
  South African Medical Journal (2002) 92:7 (547-549). Date of Publication: 
2002
ISSN
  0038-2469
BOOK PUBLISHER
  South African Medical Association, Private Bag X1, Pinelands, South Africa.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives. Urine samples that tested positive for two drugs of abuse, 
namely cannabis and methaqualone, were reassayed in the presence or absence 
of common household chemicals: Jik (sodium hypochlorite), Dettol 
(chloroxylenol), G-cide Plus (glutaraldehyde), Perle Hand Soap, ethanol, 
isopropanol and peroxide (20 volumes). These chemicals are frequently used 
for the adulteration of urine samples. Setting. Department of Pharmacology, 
University of Stellenbosch. Methods. Household chemicals, at three different 
concentrations, were added to urine samples that tested positive for 
methaqualone and cannabis. Samples were re-analysed on an ETS Plus Analyser 
(Syva company, San Jose, Ca.) using Emit drugs-of-abuse urine test reagents. 
Results. Most of the chemicals tested influenced the outcome of positive 
toxicological screening results for these drugs. G-cide (glutaraldehyde) and 
Perle Hand Soap had the largest effect (false-negative) on the methaqualone 
test. Dettol (chloroxylenol) and Perle Hand Soap had the largest effect on 
the cannabis test. Higher concentrations of the adulterant were not always 
an indication of the extent of modification of the test result. The addition 
of certain chemicals (ethanol, isopropanol and peroxide) to the urine 
samples tested for methaqualone interfered with the test to such an extent 
that it gave invalid test results.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cannabis
  domestic chemical
  methaqualone
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2 propanol
  alcohol
  chloroxylenol
  glutaraldehyde
  hypochlorite sodium
  peroxide
  soap
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  toxicity testing
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  concentration (parameters)
  controlled study
  human
  South Africa
  university
  urinalysis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  2 propanol (67-63-0)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  chloroxylenol (1321-23-9, 88-04-0)
  glutaraldehyde (111-30-8, 37245-61-7)
  hypochlorite sodium (7681-52-9)
  methaqualone (340-56-7, 72-44-6, 8056-67-5)
  peroxide (14915-07-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002298722
MEDLINE PMID
  12197198 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12197198)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 834
TITLE
  Moss unveils Dundee pharmacy with focus on delivering health promotion
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2002) 269:7212 (240). Date of Publication: 24 Aug 
2002
ISSN
  0031-6873
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  blood glucose monitoring
  blood pressure monitoring
  computer
  consultation
  diagnostic test
  drug dependence
  financial management
  health care need
  health care personnel
  health service
  medical information
  national health service
  note
  pharmacist
  privacy
  public health service
  smoking cessation
  United Kingdom
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002317927
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 835
TITLE
  The general public's perceptions and use of antimicrobials in Trinidad and 
Tobago
AUTHOR NAMES
  Parimi N.
  Pinto Pereira L.M.
  Prabhakar P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Parimi N.) Bishop Anstey High School, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
(Pinto Pereira L.M.) University of the West Indies, Faculty of Medical 
Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad and 
Tobago.
(Prabhakar P.) Caribbean Epidemiology Center, Pan American Health 
Organization, World Health Organization, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.M. Pinto Pereira, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West 
Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. Email: lexleyp@hotmail.com
SOURCE
  Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health 
(2002) 12:1 (11-18). Date of Publication: 2002
ISSN
  1020-4989
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pan American Health Organization, 525 Twenty-Third Street NW, Washington, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective. To determine the general public's perceptions and use of 
antibiotics in Trinidad and Tobago, a two-island republic in the Caribbean. 
Methods. This prospective study surveyed 824 randomly selected households 
listed in the telephone directory, from November 1998 to January 1999. 
Through telephone interviews we determined knowledge about antibiotics and 
beliefs concerning their safety and efficacy. We studied the influence of 
age, gender, education, and having private health insurance on knowledge, 
self-medication, storing medication at home for emergency use ("hoarding"), 
and asking a private doctor to prescribe antibiotics ("demand prescribing"). 
Results. For the 824 telephone calls that the interviewers completed, 753 of 
the households agreed to participate (91.4% response rate). Of those 753 
participants, 699 of them (93%) knew the term "antibiotic," 29% (206/699) 
said it was a drug for bacterial infections, and 25% (170/690) had asked a 
doctor for an antibiotic prescription. Penicillin was correctly identified 
as an antibiotic across age, gender, and education categories, but 36% of 
respondents incorrectly said Benadryl (diphenhydramine), a common 
over-the-counter cough and cold formulation, was an antibiotic. Gender was 
not significantly associated with knowledge of antibiotic safety, with 
self-medication, or with hoarding antibiotics. On the other hand, completion 
of tertiary (university) education was significantly associated with correct 
knowledge of the safety of antibiotics and whether or not they could cure 
all infections. Of the various antimicrobials, beta-lactams were the ones 
that survey respondents had used most frequently in the preceding year, and 
20% of antibiotics users had used multiple antibiotics in that period. In 
comparison to persons with private health insurance, more individuals 
without private health insurance said that antibiotics are safe and do not 
have side effects, and more of them also incorrectly called aspirin and 
Benadryl antibiotics. Conclusions. In Trinidad and Tobago, inappropriate use 
of antimicrobials results from self-medication, over-the-counter 
availability at the community pharmacy, prescribing on demand, and lack of 
regulatory control. In order to contain antibiotic abuse, both the Drug 
Inspectorate of the Ministry of Health and the Pharmacy Board should exert 
stricter control on the dispensing of antibiotics at private pharmacies. 
Further, education of the general public and of health care professionals on 
antibiotic misuse and appropriate use must be instituted, along with 
community-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance trends.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiinfective agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid
  beta lactam antibiotic
  diphenhydramine
  penicillin derivative
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antimicrobial therapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  bacterial infection
  drug safety
  female
  human
  interview
  major clinical study
  male
  perception
  prescription
  private health insurance
  self medication
  Trinidad and Tobago
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  benadryl
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  diphenhydramine (147-24-0, 58-73-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002280756
MEDLINE PMID
  12202020 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202020)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 836
TITLE
  Pharmacokinetics of histamine dihydrochloride in healthy volunteers and 
cancer patients: Implications for combined immunotherapy with interleukin-2
AUTHOR NAMES
  Middleton M.
  Sarno M.
  Agarwala S.S.
  Glaspy J.
  Laurent A.
  McMasters K.
  Naredi P.
  O'Day S.
  Whitman E.
  Danson S.
  Cosford R.
  Gehlsen K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Middleton M.; Danson S.) Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
(Sarno M.) Vision Biotechnology Consulting, Encinitas, CA, United States.
(Agarwala S.S.) University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 
United States.
(Glaspy J.) University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
(Laurent A.) PPD Development, Austin, TX, United States.
(McMasters K.) University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
(Naredi P.) Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
(O'Day S.) John Wayne Cancer Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States.
(Whitman E.) Melanoma Center of St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
(Cosford R.; Gehlsen K.) Maxim Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, United 
States.
(Gehlsen K.) Maxim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8899 University Center Lane, San 
Diego, CA 92122, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K. Gehlsen, Maxim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8899 University Center Lane, San 
Diego, CA 92122, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2002) 42:7 (774-781). Date of Publication: 
2002
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Recent clinical trials in melanoma and leukemia have demonstrated potential 
for increased survival time and improved remission when histamine 
dihydrochloride is added to cytokine monotherapy. In the present study, the 
pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous histamine (1 mg) in 21 healthy subjects and 
12 melanoma patients was determined via model-dependent methods. Drug-drug 
interactions with subcutaneous interleukin-2 (1.1 mg) were evaluated in a 
combined cohort of patients with melanoma (n = 8) or renal cell carcinoma (n 
= 4), Histamine dihydrochloride administered over 10 minutes in healthy 
subjects peaked at 18 minutes (C(max) 38 nmol/L), attained a distribution 
volume of 59 L, and was eliminated at 6%/min. The results were similar in a 
20-minute infusion in melanoma patients. No gender effects were observed (p 
> 0.05). Interleukin-2 injected either 10 minutes prior to or 10 minutes 
following histamine dihydrochloride had no effect on histamine kinetics. 
Histamine dihydrochloride administered 10 minutes prior to injection of 
interleukin-2 also had no effect on interleukin-2 kinetics. Maximal 
concentration of interleukin-2 (2,442 pg/ml) occurred at 2.5 hours with an 
elimination half-life of 1.7 hours, area under the curve (AUC) of 15,746 
pg·h/ml, and volume of distribution and plasma clearance of 194 L and 74 
L/h, respectively. However, interleukin-2 C(max) (1,758 pg/ml) and AUC 
(12,448 pg·h/ml) were reduced when histamine dihydrochloride was infused 10 
minutes following interleukin-2, likely due to the pharmacodynamic effects 
of histamine, including increased heart rate and reduced blood pressure. It 
is concluded that histamine dihydrochloride and interleukin-2 can be safely 
coadministered with minimal interaction. © 2002 the American College of 
Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  histamine (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug administration, drug 
combination, drug comparison, drug concentration, drug dose, drug 
interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
  interleukin 2 (clinical trial, drug administration, drug combination, drug 
comparison, drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cancer immunotherapy
  kidney carcinoma (drug therapy)
  melanoma (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  area under the curve
  article
  blood pressure
  cancer patient
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  drug efficacy
  drug half life
  drug induced disease (side effect)
  drug safety
  headache (side effect)
  heart rate
  human
  phase 2 clinical trial
  phase 3 clinical trial
  vasodilatation
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  ceplene
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  histamine (51-45-6, 56-92-8, 93443-21-1)
  interleukin 2 (85898-30-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cancer (16)
  Immunology, Serology and Transplantation (26)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002221507
MEDLINE PMID
  12092744 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12092744)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009127002401102713
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 837
TITLE
  Teaching rational prescribing: A new clinical pharmacology curriculum for 
medical schools
AUTHOR NAMES
  Flockhart D.A.
  Yasuda S.U.
  Pezzullo J.C.
  Knollmann B.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Flockhart D.A.; Yasuda S.U.; Pezzullo J.C.; Knollmann B.C.) Division of 
Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of 
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
(Flockhart D.A.; Yasuda S.U.; Pezzullo J.C.; Knollmann B.C.) Division of 
Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University 
School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.
(Flockhart D.A.; Yasuda S.U.; Pezzullo J.C.; Knollmann B.C.) Division of 
Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Pharmacology and Biostatistics, 
Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.
(Flockhart D.A.; Yasuda S.U.; Pezzullo J.C.; Knollmann B.C.) Division of 
Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Georgetown 
University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20007, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B.C. Knollmann, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, 
Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington, 
DC 20007, United States. Email: knollmb@georgtown.edu
SOURCE
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2002) 366:1 (33-43). Date of 
Publication: 2002
ISSN
  0028-1298
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  In most U.S. and Canadian medical schools, pharmacology is taught during the 
preclinical year 2 of the 4-year-long curriculum. This is despite the fact 
that medical school graduates and residency directors have identified 
teaching rational therapeutics as a priority. Hence, we have developed a 
core curriculum in clinical pharmacology for 4th-year medical students that 
builds on the core principles of rational therapeutics described by 
Nierenberg 10 years ago (Nierenberg, DW. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 
48:606-610). Here we report on our 3-year experience teaching this course, 
which addresses the following teaching objectives: to teach medical students 
on how to (1) critically evaluate medications; (2) obtain a complete 
medication history including herbal and over-the-counter medications; (3) 
apply pharmacokinetic principles to clinical practice; (4) recognize and 
report adverse drug events and interactions; (5) optimize pain management; 
(6) recognize and treat substance abuse and poisoning; and (7) prescribe 
rationally regardless of prescribing environment. Student assessment was in 
the form of multiple-choice and formative oral examinations, which were 
validated against the clinical part of the U.S. medical licensing 
examination. The course significantly increased the student rating of 
clinical pharmacology teaching measured by a national survey of U.S. medical 
school graduates. We conclude that this course may be useful for teaching 
rational prescribing to medical students. With the guidance and educational 
material provided by this article, a successful implementation of such a 
course should be possible in most medical schools.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  herbaceous agent
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical practice
  controlled study
  curriculum
  drug intoxication
  examination
  human
  licensing
  medical school
  medical student
  substance abuse
  teaching
  validation process
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002215507
MEDLINE PMID
  12107631 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12107631)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-002-0559-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 838
TITLE
  Learning adverse drug effects from judicial precedents
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nakaki T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nakaki T.) Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of 
Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi Ward, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Nakaki, Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 
2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi Ward, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan. Email: 
nakaki@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
SOURCE
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2002) 366:1 (30-32). Date of 
Publication: 2002
ISSN
  0028-1298
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  In order to help students to become familiar with the official web site on 
drug safety information in Japan, a short course, in which they actively 
learn the adverse effects of drugs, has been introduced in our pharmacology 
curriculum. Each student was allotted a personal computer that was connected 
to the internet, and was informed of the URL 
(www.pharmasys.gr.jp/homepage.html) where they were able to search for 
pertinent essential information on drugs and to report adverse events to the 
official concerned organization. There were three students to a group, each 
of which was provided with a judicial precedent. Each judicial case record 
was deliberately truncated after the section where the physician committed 
misuse of drugs, so that the students had freedom to imagine the rest of the 
story. Each group was asked to summarize the case, to speculate on the 
prognosis and to point out the inappropriate use of drugs. Most groups 
predicted the outcome optimistically at first, but as they scrutinized the 
cases, they became aware of serious mistakes that the physicians had 
committed in patient care. The results suggest that the internet is a 
powerful tool for gleaning drug information and reporting adverse effects. 
Judicial precedents provide an excellent teaching material for giving 
students an incentive to access web sites that are essential for healthcare 
professionals.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  learning
  medical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  controlled study
  criminal law
  curriculum
  drug information
  drug misuse
  drug safety
  drug use
  health care organization
  health care personnel
  human
  Internet
  malpractice
  medical student
  microcomputer
  patient care
  physician
  prognosis
  teaching
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002215506
MEDLINE PMID
  12107630 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12107630)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-002-0547-9
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 839
TITLE
  Clinical pharmacology of antimicrobial use in humans and animals
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lathers C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lathers C.M.) Center of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration, Rockville, MD, United States.
(Lathers C.M.) Center of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.M. Lathers, Center of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2002) 42:6 (587-600). Date of Publication: 
2002
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Veterinary public health is a frontier in the fight against human disease, 
charged to control and eradicate zoonotic diseases that are naturally 
transmitted between vertebrate animals and man. Currently there is a need 
for clinical pharmacologists and all health care givers to limit the 
development of bacterial resistance in humans to contain the increased 
health care expenditures related to morbidity and mortality associated with 
the use of antimicrobials. The development of resistance predates the use of 
antibiotics and will always be a problem to the successful treatment of 
patients. Ongoing discussion debates the extent to which antibiotic use in 
animals contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in humans. 
The veterinary use of antibiotics as antimicrobial growth promoters is 
thought to influence the prevalence of resistance in animal bacteria and to 
be a risk factor for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in human 
pathogens. Transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria from animals to humans 
may occur via contact, including occupational exposure and via the food 
chain. Resistance genes may transfer from bacteria of animals to human 
pathogens in the intestinal flora of humans. Prevention of the development 
of resistance in humans necessitates good animal husbandry and hygienic 
measures to prevent cross contamination and a decrease in the use of 
antibiotics. Appropriate use of antibiotics for food animals will preserve 
the long-term efficacy of existing antibiotics, support animal health and 
welfare, and limit the risk of transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans. 
Investigators must also develop new antimicrobial agents. Poole (J Pharmacy 
Pharmacol 2001;53:283) recommends targeting the three predominate mechanisms 
of development of resistance by antimicrobials (i.e., antibiotic 
inactivation, target site modification, and altered uptake via restricted 
entry and/or enhanced efflux) to specifically complement the development of 
novel agents with novel bacterial targets. Bacterial resistance and its 
selection may be evaluated by comparing the relationship to antibiotic 
pharmacokinetic (PK) values obtained from serum concentrations and organism 
MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations; concentrationdependent killing) to 
reveal culture and sensitivity tests in patients. Pharmacodynamic (PD) 
models may be developed to identify factors associated with the probability 
that bacterial resistance will develop. Thomas et al (Antimicrobial Agents 
Chemotherapy 1998;42:521) used this combined approach of PK/PD and MICs to 
examine data retrospectively. The role of clinical pharmacology is to work 
with PK/PD models such as these to determine the best use of antibiotics in 
humans to minimize the development of resistance. The role of any regulatory 
body responsible for the protection of the public health and food safety for 
consumers is to assess risk and to then communicate and manage the risk. 
Scientific uncertainty must be interpreted to propose sound policy options. 
The conversion of sound science into an appropriate regulatory policy to 
protect the public health is most important. ©2002 the American College of 
Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiinfective agent (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  avilamycin (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  avoparcin (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  dalfopristin plus quinupristin (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, 
pharmacology)
  erythromycin (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  gentamicin (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  vancomycin (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  virginiamycin (drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  bacterial infection (drug resistance, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal husbandry
  antibiotic resistance
  antibiotic therapy
  bacterium contamination
  drug inactivation
  drug misuse
  drug uptake
  food chain
  food safety
  human
  infection control
  kitchen
  minimum inhibitory concentration
  nonhuman
  occupational exposure
  pisciculture
  policy
  review
  risk factor
  risk management
  veterinary medicine
  zoonosis
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  synercid
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  avilamycin (11051-71-1, 69787-79-7, 69787-80-0)
  avoparcin (37332-99-3)
  dalfopristin plus quinupristin (126602-89-9)
  erythromycin (114-07-8, 70536-18-4)
  gentamicin (1392-48-9, 1403-66-3, 1405-41-0)
  vancomycin (1404-90-6, 1404-93-9)
  virginiamycin (11006-76-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002186627
MEDLINE PMID
  12043947 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12043947)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00970002042006001
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 840
TITLE
  MDMA ('ecstasy') and other 'club drugs': The new epidemic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Koesters S.C.
  Rogers P.D.
  Rajasingham C.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Koesters S.C.; Rogers P.D.; Rajasingham C.R.) Department of Adolescent 
Medicine, Columbus Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 
43205, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.D. Rogers, Department of Adolescent Medicine, Columbus Children's 
Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States.
SOURCE
  Pediatric Clinics of North America (2002) 49:2 (415-433). Date of 
Publication: 2002
ISSN
  0031-3955
BOOK PUBLISHER
  W.B. Saunders, Independence Square West, Philadelphia, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Unfortunately, perceptions that the club drugs can be safe endure. Some 
groups, such as the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Study, 
continue to lobby for the legalization of MDMA for research purposes [76]. 
DanceSafe is an organization that seeks to educate the "nonaddicted" user to 
decrease the risks [82]. The DanceSafe Web site offers tips on the safe use 
of MDMA, such as attention to hydration status and ambient temperature. It 
also offers free testing of tablets submitted by mail and sells home testing 
kits to determine the content of pills sold as "ecstasy." Although much 
remains unknown about the long-term consequences of MDMA and the club drugs, 
there are clearly enough short-term dangers to prompt more aggressive 
education and surveillance for its use. Scare tactics and exaggerations 
often are ignored [53], while Web sites full of anecdotal or incomplete 
information may lead the unaware user to increased use [113]. Organizations 
such as DanceSafe imply that proper education decreases addiction and that 
only uneducated users or addicts suffer the life-altering consequences of 
drug use. The fallacy in the mission of educating "nonaddicted" users is 
evident. Peer-based education, with a focus on both he short-term dangers 
and long-term consequences, may be a more effective approach [9]. Both new 
and established drugs of abuse continue to plague teens and young adults. 
Pediatric, family practice, and Med-Peds physicians, and pediatric 
pharmacologists need to remain vigilant about patterns and trends of drug 
abuse. MDMA and the other "club drugs" are not benign. Their effects target 
the brain, alter neurochemistry, and possibly cause irreversible structural 
damage. What may seem like a harmless drug in a weekend dance club has the 
potential for major public health problems in years to come [109]. Effective 
education and timely intervention may prevent these addictive drugs from 
becoming a way of life, a lifestyle that may have a literal "dead end".
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (drug administration, drug toxicity, 
inhalational drug administration, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, 
pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine
  4 hydroxybutyric acid (drug dose, drug toxicity, pharmacoeconomics, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  acetylsalicylic acid
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug therapy)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  caffeine
  calcium channel blocking agent (drug therapy)
  cannabis
  dextromethorphan
  ephedrine
  flumazenil (drug therapy)
  ketamine (drug dose, drug toxicity, intramuscular drug administration, oral 
drug administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, subcutaneous drug 
administration)
  methamphetamine
  methylenedioxyethylamphetamine
  naloxone (drug therapy)
  paracetamol (drug therapy)
  phencyclidine
  physostigmine (drug therapy, intravenous drug administration)
  pseudoephedrine
  sedative agent (drug therapy)
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence (epidemiology, therapy)
  epidemic
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  child behavior
  cooling
  drug abuse
  drug effect
  drug formulation
  drug intoxication (drug therapy, therapy)
  drug mechanism
  drug metabolism
  epidemiological data
  human
  hydration
  injection
  lifestyle
  neurotoxicity
  patient education
  review
  tablet
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine (4764-17-4)
  3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (42542-10-9)
  4 hydroxybutyric acid (591-81-1)
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  dextromethorphan (125-69-9, 125-71-3)
  ephedrine (299-42-3, 50-98-6)
  flumazenil (78755-81-4)
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  phencyclidine (77-10-1, 956-90-1)
  physostigmine (57-47-6, 64-47-1)
  pseudoephedrine (345-78-8, 7460-12-0, 90-82-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002153642
MEDLINE PMID
  11993291 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11993291)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(01)00012-8
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 841
TITLE
  Social factors associated with pharmacists' unauthorized use of 
mind-altering prescription medications
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hollinger R.C.
  Dabney D.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hollinger R.C.; Dabney D.A.) Department of Sociology, University of 
Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.C. Hollinger, Department of Sociology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 
FL, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Drug Issues (2002) 32:1 (231-264). Date of Publication: 2002
ISSN
  0022-0426
ABSTRACT
  A "medical model" ideology dominates the study of drug abuse among health 
care professionals. This perspective defines and approaches drug abuse as a 
disease. While this disease is said to have bio-psycho-social origins, 
scholars have principally focused on possible biological and psychological 
factors that produce a "predisposition" drug abuse. Pertinent social factors 
have been largely overlooked. Drawing upon the membership list (N=50,000+) 
of the American Pharmaceutical Association, a random sample of 2,036 
practicing pharmacists were queried to investigate the relationship between 
pharmacists' educational, occupational, and professional socialization and 
their involvement in illicit prescription drug use. A total of 1,016(50.2%) 
questionnaires were returned. The data show that 40.1% of the respondents 
self-reported illegally using some form of potentially addictive, 
mind-altering prescription drug. Further, 21% reported 5 or more lifetime 
use episodes and 6.6% reported more than 10. Multivariate analysis reveals 
significant relationships between numerous social factors and pharmacists' 
levels of self reported drug use. The existence of these relationships 
raises the possibility that certain aspects of the professional 
socialization process may also play a role in the etiology of 
pharmacists'drug abuse. We conclude that there exists a need to revisit 
current theoretical and policy approaches to this social problem.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  pharmacist
  prescription
  social aspect
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  disease predisposition
  drug use
  education
  health care personnel
  human
  professional practice
  review
  self report
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002163665
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 842
TITLE
  Buprenorphine and addiction: challenges for the pharmacist.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Boatwright D.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Boatwright D.E.) San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Calif, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.E. Boatwright, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Calif, USA. 
Email: deborah.boatwright@mail.va.gov
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:3 (432-438). Date of Publication: 2002 May-Jun
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To present an analysis of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 
2000 (DATA) and its impact on the practice of pharmacy. DATA SOURCES: 
Statutes, codes, regulations, newspaper articles, journal articles; search 
of articles posted on MEDLINE identified using the search terms methadone, 
buprenorphine, treatment, opioid abuse, and opioid addiction. STUDY 
SELECTION: Not applicable. DATA EXTRACTION: Not applicable. DATA SYNTHESIS: 
DATA and Food and Drug Administration approval of sublingual tablets of 
buprenorphine and buprenorphine with naloxone (Reckitt and Benckiser) will 
dramatically expand opioid addicts' access to treatment and increase the 
number of opioid addicts receiving prescriptions for buprenorphine and 
buprenorphine with naloxone. The availability of buprenorphine will pose 
unique challenges to pharmacists and suggests the need for education on 
addiction and greater awareness of the unique needs of patients recovering 
from addiction. CONCLUSION: The stage is being set to expand access to 
treatment and reach more untreated opioid addicts in the United States. 
Professional organizations such as the American Pharmaceutical Association 
should work with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and its 
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to develop 
training materials, curricula, and guidelines for pharmacists on substance 
abuse with a special focus on outpatient opioid treatment. Such materials 
could be used in continuing education programs and materials and in pharmacy 
schools.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine (drug therapy)
  narcotic analgesic agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  naloxone (drug therapy)
  narcotic antagonist (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug legislation
  opiate addiction (rehabilitation)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  counseling
  human
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12030630 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12030630)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 843
TITLE
  Establishing an on-site pharmacy in a community health center to help 
indigent patients access medications and to improve care.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dent L.A.
  Stratton T.P.
  Cochran G.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dent L.A.; Stratton T.P.; Cochran G.A.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, University of Montana, 
Missoula 59812-1522, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.A. Dent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Allied 
Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula 59812-1522, USA. Email: 
ldent@selway.umt.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:3 (497-507). Date of Publication: 2002 May-Jun
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To describe the establishment of an on-site pharmacy in a 
community health center (CHC) to improve access to medications for indigent 
patients, the implementation of pharmaceutical care programs and clinical 
pharmacy services to improve patient care and therapeutic outcomes, and the 
development of an ambulatory care site for training pharmacy students. 
SETTING: Partnership Health Center (PHC), a federally funded CHC in 
Missoula, Mont. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Establishment of an on-site pharmacy 
and strategies for accessing medications for indigent patients, including 
participation in the U.S. Public Health Service pricing program, 
pharmaceutical manufacturers' assistance programs, and drug sampling, are 
described. The clinical pharmacy, disease management, and pharmaceutical 
care programs developed at the site to improve medication use and 
therapeutic outcomes are discussed. Development of an ambulatory care 
clerkship site at the CHC for training University of Montana pharmacy 
students is reviewed. PRACTICE INNOVATION: Partnership between PHC and the 
University of Montana School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences (SPAHS) 
to establish an on-site pharmacy to help medically indigent patients access 
medications and to improve care. INTERVENTIONS: Programs to help indigent 
patients access, adhere, and appropriately use needed medications while 
decreasing clinic expenditures for medications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 
Number of prescriptions dispensed per month, clinic expenditures on 
medications per month, and number of clinical services and pharmaceutical 
care programs developed. RESULTS: Between November 1, 1999, and April 30, 
2000, the average number of prescriptions filled for PHC clients increased 
from 219/month to 838/month and the average expenditure per prescription 
decreased from $16.55/month to $0.51/month. A pharmacist-assisted refill 
program was implemented. Programs in diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, 
asthma, anticoagulation, and peptic ulcer disease were developed. 
CONCLUSION: Establishing an on-site pharmacy in a CHC in collaboration with 
a school of pharmacy significantly improved indigent patients' access to 
medications while decreasing clinic expenditures. Pharmaceutical care 
programs improved therapeutic outcomes, and clinical pharmacy services 
complemented the clinical activities of other health care providers in 
managing chronic diseases and resolving drug-related problems. The CHC 
provided an excellent setting for training pharmacy students in ambulatory 
care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community care
  health care delivery
  health center
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug industry
  economics
  organization and management
  public health service
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  12030637 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12030637)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 844
TITLE
  Development and implementation of a smoking cessation clinic in community 
pharmacy practice.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kennedy D.T.
  Small R.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kennedy D.T.; Small R.E.) Pulmonary Research, Group Practice Clinics, 
Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Va 23248, 
USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.T. Kennedy, Pulmonary Research, Group Practice Clinics, Hunter Holmes 
McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Va 23248, USA. Email: 
daniel.kennedy2@med.va.gov
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:1 (83-92). Date of Publication: 2002 Jan-Feb
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To describe a pharmacist-operated program to help people stop 
smoking. SETTING: Community chain (mass-merchandise) pharmacy practice sites 
in Virginia. PARTICIPANTS: Faculty at the Virginia Commonwealth University 
School of Pharmacy (VCU) and 15 practicing pharmacists. PRACTICE 
DESCRIPTION: Smoking cessation clinics within the pharmacy departments of 
seven Target stores. PRACTICE INNOVATION: With input from the practicing 
pharmacists and using the most current strategies reported in the 
literature, faculty at VCU developed a training manual for smoking cessation 
counseling. This manual was used to facilitate a 4-hour training session and 
also served as a resource for pharmacists in the smoking cessation clinics. 
Pharmacists were taught about behavioral modifications, the Transtheoretical 
Model of Change as applied to smoking cessation, documentation, the 
Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, smoking cessation therapies, 
patient counseling techniques, physical assessment skills, and how to 
develop an individualized action plan for smoking cessation. As pharmacists 
established smoking cessation clinics, issues such as workflow, continuous 
quality improvement, and marketing were addressed by the faculty members and 
practitioners. RESULTS: Using the process and tools described in this 
article, pharmacists successfully established and operated smoking cessation 
clinics. CONCLUSION: The process and materials developed for this 
demonstration project can serve as templates for other pharmacy faculty 
members and community pharmacists who wish to offer smoking cessation 
clinics.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  counseling
  health care quality
  human
  human relation
  methodology
  organization and management
  program development
  theoretical model
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  11833523 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11833523)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 845
TITLE
  Results of a smoking cessation clinic in community pharmacy practice.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kennedy D.T.
  Giles J.T.
  Chang Z.G.
  Small R.E.
  Edwards J.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kennedy D.T.; Giles J.T.; Chang Z.G.; Small R.E.; Edwards J.H.) Pulmonary 
Research, Group Practice Clinics, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs 
Medical Center, Richmond, Va 23248, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.T. Kennedy, Pulmonary Research, Group Practice Clinics, Hunter Holmes 
McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Va 23248, USA. Email: 
Daniel.Kennedy2@med.va.gov
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2002) 42:1 (51-56). Date of Publication: 2002 Jan-Feb
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To describe and assess the effectiveness of a smoking cessation 
clinic. DESIGN: Single group, unblinded study. SETTING: Seven chain 
(mass-merchandise) community pharmacies in Virginia. PARTICIPANTS: 
Forty-eight patients who were smokers when admitted to the study. 
INTERVENTIONS: Fifteen community chain pharmacists were trained using a 
smoking cessation training manual developed at the Virginia Commonwealth 
University School of Pharmacy. From April 1, 1997, through December 31, 
1999, interested patients met individually with a study pharmacist during 
scheduled clinic times in semiprivate counseling areas. A patient chart was 
maintained at the site and updated after each visit. The first 30 patients 
completed a questionnaire after the third visit to the smoking cessation 
clinic to assess satisfaction with pharmacists and the overall program. MAIN 
OUTCOME MEASURE: Rate of long-term smoking cessation. RESULTS: Of the 48 
patients, 12 (25.0%) abstained from smoking cigarettes for 12 months or more 
beyond their predetermined quit dates. Abstinence rates for 1, 3, and 6 
months were 43.8%, 31.3%, and 25.0%, respectively. Women were nearly five 
times more successful in attaining long-term abstinence than were men (33.3% 
versus 6.7%; P= .047). No significant differences were observed in cessation 
rates related to age, number of cigarettes smoked per day, level of nicotine 
dependence, number of previous quit attempts, or method of cessation. 
Increased appetite and weight gain were the most frequently reported 
withdrawal symptoms (16.7% of patients). Patients expressed satisfaction 
with the pharmacists and the smoking cessation program. CONCLUSION: Compared 
with other types of previously reported interventions, a community 
pharmacist-managed smoking cessation clinic achieved greater long-term 
smoking cessation rates.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  chi square distribution
  female
  human
  human relation
  male
  methodology
  middle aged
  organization and management
  patient satisfaction
  treatment outcome
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  11833517 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11833517)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 846
TITLE
  Psychopharmacological treatment and psychiatric morbidity in 390 cases of 
suicide with special focus on affective disorders
AUTHOR NAMES
  Andersen U.A.
  Andersen M.
  Rosholm J.U.
  Gram L.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Andersen U.A.; Andersen M.; Rosholm J.U.; Gram L.F.) Institute of Public 
Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
(Andersen U.A.) Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 
Odense, Winsløwparken 19, Odense C, Denmark.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  U.A. Andersen, Institute of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, University 
of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, Odense C, Denmark.
SOURCE
  Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (2001) 104:6 (458-465). Date of Publication: 
2001
ISSN
  0001-690X
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: The aim of this study was, on the basis of data from health-care 
registers, to describe the adequacy of psychopharmacological treatment in 
suicides. Method: Data on consecutive suicides in a Danish County (Funen) in 
the period of 1 April 1991-31 December 1995 were identified in the Danish 
Psychiatric Central Register, the National Patient Register, the National 
Health Insurance and Odense University Pharmacoepidemiological Database. 
Results: Twenty-five per cent of the suicides previously hospitalized due to 
affective disorders and 3% of the suicides without psychiatric 
hospitalizations at all, received an apparently adequate treatment with 
antidepressants the month before suicide. Conclusion: The most striking 
finding was the insufficiency of treatment with antidepressants in the group 
of suicides without psychiatric hospitalization, in particular in light of 
the fact that depression is assumed to be present in at least 50% of all 
suicides.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  anticonvulsive agent (drug therapy)
  antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  antiparkinson agent (drug therapy)
  anxiolytic agent (drug therapy)
  carbasalate calcium (drug therapy)
  cardiovascular agent
  cholinergic receptor blocking agent (drug therapy)
  codeine
  disulfiram (drug therapy)
  hypnotic agent (drug therapy)
  lithium (drug therapy)
  neuroleptic agent (drug therapy)
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  affective neurosis (drug therapy, therapy)
  depression (drug therapy, therapy)
  psychopharmacotherapy
  suicide (complication, epidemiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  alcoholism (drug therapy)
  article
  controlled study
  Denmark
  disease association
  drug dependence
  drug efficacy
  drug utilization
  female
  hospitalization
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  morbidity
  opiate addiction
  pharmacoepidemiology
  priority journal
  register
  treatment outcome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  carbasalate calcium (3063-60-3, 5749-67-7)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  disulfiram (97-77-8)
  lithium (7439-93-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2001441129
MEDLINE PMID
  11782239 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782239)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00191.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 847
TITLE
  Benefits and risks of self medication
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hughes C.M.
  McElnay J.C.
  Fleming G.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hughes C.M.; McElnay J.C.; Fleming G.F.) School of Pharmacy, Queen's 
University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
(McElnay J.C.) School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn 
Road, Belfast, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.C. McElnay, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, 
Belfast BT9 7BL, Ireland.
SOURCE
  Drug Safety (2001) 24:14 (1027-1037). Date of Publication: 2001
ISSN
  0114-5916
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Adis International Ltd, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, 
Auckland 10, New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
  Self medication is becoming an increasingly important area within 
healthcare. It moves patients towards greater independence in making 
decisions about management of minor illnesses, thereby promoting 
empowerment. Self medication also has advantages for healthcare systems as 
it facilitates better use of clinical skills, increases access to medication 
and may contribute to reducing prescribed drug costs associated with 
publicly funded health programmes. However, self medication is associated 
with risks such as misdiagnosis, use of excessive drug dosage, prolonged 
duration of use, drug interactions and polypharmacy. The latter may be 
particularly problematic in the elderly. Monitoring systems, a partnership 
between patients, physicians and pharmacists and the provision of education 
and information to all concerned on safe self medication, are proposed 
strategies for maximising benefit and minimising risk.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  aciclovir (topical drug administration)
  antihistaminic agent
  carbamazepine (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  cimetidine (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction, oral drug 
administration)
  clotrimazole (topical drug administration)
  famotidine (oral drug administration)
  fluconazole (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction, oral drug 
administration)
  ibuprofen (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  ketoconazole (topical drug administration)
  laxative
  levonorgestrel (oral drug administration)
  lithium (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  methotrexate (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  miconazole (topical drug administration)
  minoxidil (topical drug administration)
  monoamine oxidase inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  naproxen (oral drug administration)
  opiate
  phenylephrine (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  phenytoin (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  pimozide (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  ranitidine (oral drug administration)
  simvastatin (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  sulfonylurea derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  theophylline derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  unindexed drug
  valproic acid (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
  warfarin (adverse drug reaction, drug interaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  self medication
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  bleeding (side effect)
  diagnostic error
  drug abuse
  health care
  health care access
  health care system
  heart ventricle arrhythmia (side effect)
  human
  hypertension (side effect)
  hypoglycemia (side effect)
  medical decision making
  myopathy (side effect)
  polypharmacy
  priority journal
  review
  risk
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  aciclovir (59277-89-3)
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  cimetidine (51481-61-9, 70059-30-2)
  clotrimazole (23593-75-1)
  famotidine (76824-35-6)
  fluconazole (86386-73-4)
  ibuprofen (15687-27-1)
  ketoconazole (65277-42-1)
  levonorgestrel (797-63-7)
  lithium (7439-93-2)
  methotrexate (15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5)
  miconazole (22916-47-8)
  minoxidil (38304-91-5)
  naproxen (22204-53-1, 26159-34-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  phenylephrine (532-38-7, 59-42-7, 61-76-7)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  pimozide (2062-78-4)
  ranitidine (66357-35-5, 66357-59-3)
  simvastatin (79902-63-9)
  theophylline derivative (2850-40-0)
  valproic acid (1069-66-5, 99-66-1)
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002005227
MEDLINE PMID
  11735659 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11735659)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 848
TITLE
  Community pharmacists' experience of over-the-counter medicine misuse in 
Scotland
AUTHOR NAMES
  MacFadyen L.
  Eadie D.
  McGowan T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (MacFadyen L.; Eadie D.) Centre for Social Marketing, University of 
Strathclyde, 173 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RQ, United Kingdom.
(McGowan T.) Health Promotion Department, Lanarkshire Health Board, 
Strathclyde Hospital, Airbles Road, Motherwell ML 1 3BW, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L. MacFadyen, Centre for Social Marketing, University of Strathclyde, 173 
Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RQ, United Kingdom. Email: 
l.macfadyen@csm.market.strath.ac.uk
SOURCE
  Journal of The Royal Society for the Promotion of Health (2001) 121:3 
(185-192). Date of Publication: 2001
ISSN
  1466-4240
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Ltd, 55 City Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Over the last decade Britain has observed a trend towards the re-regulation 
of 'prescription only medicines' in favour of pharmacy status drugs. This 
move towards self-treatment to reduce pressures on general practitioner drug 
budgets and workloads has focused attention on the need for community 
pharmacists to extend their patient education and screening roles. In 
response to these changes, this study was conducted to explore: the type of 
over-the-counter (OTC) medicine being misused in Scotland; pharmacists' 
professional attitudes and management of OTC misuse; and the training and 
support needs of pharmacists. A postal questionnaire was designed. This was 
informed by an earlier stage of qualitative research and the available 
literature. It was then piloted and administered to all 110 pharmacies in 
the study area. A 79% response rate was achieved. The research found that 
OTC misuse, particularly of certain analgesics, sleeping prescriptions, 
products containing codeine or pseudoephedrine, caffeine, cough mixtures, 
and laxatives was common. The estimated mean number of patients suspected of 
misusing medicines in a typical week was 5.63. Pharmacies in urban areas 
were more likely than those in rural areas to report suspected misuse. The 
research identified a number of intervention strategies relating to: 
patient/pharmacist interaction; information provision; removal of products 
from the point of sale; sharing of information with other local pharmacists; 
and referral to other members of the primary care team. Pharmacists 
expressed a need for support in managing OTC misuse and in organising 'early 
warning systems' to share information locally.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  non prescription drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid plus codeine phosphate
  adiphenine
  analgesic agent
  antitussive agent
  askit powder
  caffeine
  calcium bromolactate
  chesteze
  codeine
  day nurse
  dextromethorphan
  dihydrocodeine
  diphenhydramine
  feminax
  gee linctus
  laxative
  night nurse
  norephedrine
  nylax
  promethazine
  pseudoephedrine
  pseudoephedrine plus triprolidine
  sedative agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse (epidemiology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical pharmacy
  doctor patient relation
  drug legislation
  experience
  general practitioner
  good clinical practice
  health program
  health promotion
  human
  illness behavior
  interpersonal communication
  major clinical study
  medical information
  medical literature
  patient compliance
  patient education
  patient guidance
  patient referral
  pharmacist
  physician attitude
  pilot study
  prescription
  prevalence
  questionnaire
  self medication
  staff training
  United Kingdom
  urban rural difference
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  actifed
  askit powder
  benylin
  chesteze
  codis
  contac
  day nurse
  feminax
  gee linctus
  night nurse
  nylax
  nytol
  paramol
  phenergan
  sominex
  sudafed
  veganin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  adiphenine (50-42-0, 64-95-9)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  cocodaprin (54391-60-5)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  dextromethorphan (125-69-9, 125-71-3)
  dihydrocodeine (125-28-0, 24204-13-5, 5965-13-9)
  diphenhydramine (147-24-0, 58-73-1)
  norephedrine (700-65-2)
  promethazine (58-33-3, 60-87-7)
  pseudoephedrine (345-78-8, 7460-12-0, 90-82-4)
  pseudoephedrine plus triprolidine (8054-27-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2001359238
MEDLINE PMID
  11688306 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11688306)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 849
TITLE
  A review of the chemistry, biological action, and clinical applications of 
anabolic-androgenic steroids
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shahidi N.T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shahidi N.T.) Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University 
of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
(Shahidi N.T.) Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University 
of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-4672, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.T. Shahidi, Department of Pediatric Hematology, University of Wisconsin, 
600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-4672, United States.
SOURCE
  Clinical Therapeutics (2001) 23:9 (1355-1390). Date of Publication: 2001
ISSN
  0149-2918
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Excerpta Medica Inc., 105 Raider Blvd, Suite 101, Hillsborough, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Since its discovery in 1935, numerous derivatives of 
testosterone have been synthesized, with the goals of prolonging its 
biological activity in vivo, producing orally active androgens, and 
developing products, commonly referred to as anabolic-androgenic steroids 
(AAS), that are more anabolic and less androgenic than the parent molecule. 
Objective: This article reviews the structure, biotransformation, and 
mechanism of action of testosterone and some of the most commonly used AAS. 
Clinical applications of the AAS are discussed, and guidelines and 
therapeutic maneuvers for minimizing their side effects are outlined. 
Methods: Literature for inclusion in this review was identified using the 
libraries of the University of Wisconsin Medical School and School of 
Pharmacy, the author's files, and searches of MEDLINE, Science Citation 
Index, Biological Abstracts, and Chemical Abstracts. Results: The myotrophic 
action of testosterone and its derivatives and their stimulatory effects on 
the brain have led to widespread use of AAS by athletes and "recreational" 
drug users. Consequently, all AAS were classified as class III controlled 
substances in 1991. Nonetheless, AAS have shown benefit in a variety of 
human disorders, including HIV-related muscle wasting and other catabolic 
conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe burn 
injuries, and alcoholic hepatitis. Because of their diverse biological 
actions, AAS have been used to treat a variety of other conditions, 
including bone marrow failure syndromes, constitutional growth retardation 
in children, and hereditary angioedema. AAS therapy is associated with 
various side effects that are generally dose related; therefore, illicit use 
of megadoses of AAS for the purpose of bodybuilding and enhancement of 
athletic performance can lead to serious and irreversible organ damage. The 
most common side effects of AAS are some degree of masculinization in women 
and children, behavioral changes (eg, aggression), hepatotoxicity, and 
alteration of blood lipid levels and coagulation factors. Conclusions: To 
minimize or avoid serious toxicities with AAS therapy, close medical 
supervision and periodic monitoring are important, with dose adjustment as 
appropriate to achieve the minimum effective dose. Given the biological 
effects and potential adverse effects of AAS, administration of these agents 
should be avoided in pregnant women, women with breast cancer or 
hypercalcemia, men with carcinoma of the prostate or breast, and patients 
with nephrotic syndromes or significant liver dysfunction.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anabolic agent (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
intramuscular drug administration, pharmacology)
  testosterone derivative (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug 
therapy, intramuscular drug administration, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (endogenous compound)
  5beta androstanolone (endogenous compound)
  alkaline phosphatase (endogenous compound)
  androstanolone (endogenous compound)
  androstenedione (endogenous compound)
  androsterone (endogenous compound)
  atrial natriuretic factor (endogenous compound)
  brain natriuretic peptide (endogenous compound)
  butadiene diepoxide (drug therapy)
  complement component C1s (endogenous compound)
  creatine kinase (endogenous compound)
  erythropoietin (endogenous compound)
  estradiol (endogenous compound)
  etiocholanolone (endogenous compound)
  ketotifen (clinical trial, drug therapy)
  lymphocyte antibody (drug therapy)
  mitomycin (drug therapy)
  nandrolone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  nandrolone decanoate (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
intramuscular drug administration, pharmacology)
  oxandrolone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  oxymetholone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  recombinant erythropoietin (drug therapy)
  stanozolol (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
pharmacology)
  steroid 5alpha reductase (endogenous compound)
  testosterone (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug therapy, 
intramuscular drug administration, pharmacology)
  thymocyte antibody (drug therapy)
  tumor necrosis factor alpha (endogenous compound)
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol liver disease (drug therapy)
  burn (drug therapy)
  chronic obstructive lung disease (drug therapy)
  muscle atrophy (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  angioneurotic edema (drug therapy)
  aplastic anemia (drug therapy)
  bone marrow depression (drug therapy)
  clinical trial
  corticosteroid therapy
  doping
  drug efficacy
  drug safety
  growth retardation (drug therapy)
  human
  hypomania (side effect)
  liver cell carcinoma (side effect)
  liver toxicity (side effect)
  obstructive jaundice (side effect)
  peliosis hepatis (side effect)
  review
  sexual dysfunction (side effect)
  virilization (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  anadrol  , United StatesUnited Pharmaceutical Works

  deca durabolin  , United StatesOrganon

  oxandrin  , United StatesBTG

  winstrol  , United StatesSanofi Synthelabo

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)BTG
   (United States)Organon
   (United States)Sanofi Synthelabo
   (United States)United Pharmaceutical Works
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (138-81-8)
  alkaline phosphatase (9001-78-9)
  androstanolone (521-18-6)
  androstenedione (26264-53-9, 63-05-8)
  androsterone (53-41-8)
  atrial natriuretic factor (85637-73-6)
  brain natriuretic peptide (114471-18-0)
  butadiene diepoxide (1464-53-5, 564-00-1)
  complement component C1s (80295-70-1)
  creatine kinase (9001-15-4)
  erythropoietin (11096-26-7)
  estradiol (50-28-2)
  etiocholanolone (53-42-9)
  ketotifen (34580-13-7)
  mitomycin C (50-07-7, 74349-48-7)
  nandrolone (434-22-0)
  nandrolone decanoate (360-70-3)
  oxandrolone (53-39-4)
  oxymetholone (434-07-1)
  recombinant erythropoietin (113427-24-0, 122312-54-3, 130455-76-4)
  stanozolol (10418-03-8, 302-96-5)
  testosterone (58-22-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2001345470
MEDLINE PMID
  11589254 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11589254)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2918(01)80114-4
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 850
TITLE
  Dáder program in Argentina: Results of the first trimester activities
AUTHOR NAMES
  Armando P.D.
  Semería N.
  Tenllado M.I.
  Sola N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Armando P.D.; Semería N.; Tenllado M.I.; Sola N.) Departamento de Farmacia, 
Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, 5000 
Córdoba, Argentina.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Sola, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, 
Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. Email: 
nsola@dqo.fcq.unc.edu.ar
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Care Espana (2001) 3:3 (196-203). Date of Publication: 2001
ISSN
  1139-6202
ABSTRACT
  Drug-related morbidity and mortality constitute a large sanitary problem. To 
optimize the pharmacotherapy established by the physician and to obtain the 
maximum effectiveness and safety of medication used by the patients, 
pharmacological treatment follow-up is necessary. Search, identification and 
resolution of drug related problems (DRP) succeed by implementing 
pharmaceutical care (PhC). In order to offer PhC to all patients wichever 
disease they have, the Dáder Program Implementation of Pharmacological 
Treatment Follow-up was adopted. This program provides a methodology 
according to our surrounding for that purpose. The participant pharmacists 
(n=31) are from community pharmacies -belonging to the College of 
Pharmacists- and they practice in the Province of Córdoba. To work 
efficiently, the pharmacists were organized in groups that met every 3 weeks 
for clinical sessions. Patients attended totaled 129. In the first trimester 
activities, 58% of the pharmacists registered pharmaceutical interventions 
(PhI). The total amount of PhI was 81 and it corresponded to 44 patients. In 
the patients with found DRP, 1.8 DRP per patient were identified and 80% of 
them were solved. In 67% of the cases, there was a communication with 
physician; then, 65% of these DRP were solved. The adoption of Dáder Program 
carried out to an effective resolution in a high percent of DRP.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Argentina
  article
  community
  controlled study
  drug efficacy
  drug induced disease
  drug safety
  follow up
  human
  major clinical study
  methodology
  morbidity
  mortality
  pharmacist
  physician
  professional practice
  sanitation
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2001240856
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 851
TITLE
  Improving drug therapy for patients with asthma--part 1: Patient outcomes.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Herborg H.
  Soendergaard B.
  Froekjaer B.
  Fonnesbaek L.
  Jorgensen T.
  Hepler C.D.
  Grainger-Rousseau T.J.
  Ersboell B.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Herborg H.; Soendergaard B.; Froekjaer B.; Fonnesbaek L.; Jorgensen T.; 
Hepler C.D.; Grainger-Rousseau T.J.; Ersboell B.K.) Research and Development 
Division, Pharmakon, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice, Hilleroed.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Herborg, Research and Development Division, Pharmakon, Danish College of 
Pharmacy Practice, Hilleroed. Email: hh@pharmakon.dk
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2001) 41:4 (539-550). Date of Publication: 2001 Jul-Aug
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a therapeutic outcomes monitoring 
(TOM) program on selected process and outcome measures. DESIGN: Prospective, 
controlled, multicenter study. SETTING: Community pharmacies throughout 
Denmark (16 intervention, 15 control). PATIENTS: Five hundred patients with 
asthma aged 16 to 60 years and treated in primary care. INTERVENTION: TOM is 
a community-based program for pharmaceutical care. Using a structured, 
seven-step, cyclical outcome improvement process, TOM pharmacists identify 
and resolve (or refer) problems with drug therapy that, if not addressed, 
might result in therapeutic failure or adverse effects. Equal emphasis is 
placed on the patient's perspective (e.g., coping, control, and empowerment) 
and the professional's perspective (e.g., adherence, patient knowledge, and 
therapeutic problems). TOM requires cooperation among pharmacists, patients, 
and physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Asthma symptom status, days of 
sickness, health-related and asthma-specific quality of life, use of health 
care services and resources, and satisfaction with health care and pharmacy. 
INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME AND PROCESS MEASURES: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), 
knowledge of asthma and asthma medications, inhalation errors, and drug 
therapy problems in the TOM group. RESULTS: The mean individual differences 
for TOM and control patients were tested. Beneficial effects were found for 
the following outcome measures: asthma symptom status, days of sickness, and 
health-related and asthma-related quality of life. Satisfaction with health 
care and pharmacy varied throughout the course of the project, with no 
significant difference between groups at the final evaluation. Although not 
statistically significant, differences in use of services were considered to 
be clinically significant and encouraging. Beneficial effects were found for 
knowledge of asthma and medications, inhalation errors, drug use and drug 
therapy problems. No significant differences were found for PEFR. 
CONCLUSION: The project demonstrated that therapeutic outcomes monitoring by 
community pharmacists is an effective strategy for improving the quality of 
drug therapy for asthma patients in primary health care.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antiasthmatic agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  asthma (drug therapy)
  patient education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  age distribution
  analysis of variance
  article
  case control study
  cost benefit analysis
  Denmark
  economics
  female
  human
  male
  middle aged
  multicenter study
  organization and management
  patient satisfaction
  prospective study
  quality of life
  questionnaire
  sex ratio
  treatment outcome
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  11486980 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486980)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 852
TITLE
  Use of bupropion SR in a pharmacist-managed outpatient smoking-cessation 
program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Roth M.T.
  Westman E.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Roth M.T.; Westman E.C.) Univ. of North NC at Chapel Hill, School of 
Pharmacy, Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.T. Roth, Univ. of North NC at Chapel Hill, School of Pharmacy, Beard Hall, 
Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (2001) 21:5 (636-641). Date of Publication: 2001
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc., 750 Washington Street, Boston, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  We administered bupropion sustained-release (SR) in a pharmacist-managed 
outpatient smoking-cessation program. Patients were referred to the program 
by their primary care physician. All patients completed initial visit 
questionnaires, received behavioral counseling by a clinical pharmacist, and 
were provided educational materials on smoking cessation. Seventy-one 
patients received bupropion SR for treatment of nicotine dependence and were 
followed for 6 months. Point prevalence abstinence rates were 28.2% and 
25.4% at 8 weeks and 6 months, respectively. The trend was toward lower 
cessation rates in patients with a documented psychiatric diagnosis at 6 
months (p=0.064). Bupropion SR was fairly well tolerated, with the most 
common adverse effects being dry mouth and bad taste. The agent appears to 
have better success for smoking cessation in patients free of psychiatric 
comorbidities, but further research is required to support this finding.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amfebutamone (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmaceutics)
  nicotine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  smoking cessation
  tobacco dependence (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  behavior therapy
  drug withdrawal
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  mental disease
  outpatient care
  patient counseling
  prevalence
  sustained release preparation
  taste disorder (side effect)
  treatment outcome
  xerostomia (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  wellbutrin  , United StatesGlaxo Wellcome

  zyban  , United StatesGlaxo Wellcome

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)Glaxo Wellcome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2001168274
MEDLINE PMID
  11349752 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349752)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 853
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care research and education project: pharmacists' 
interventions.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kassam R.
  Farris K.B.
  Burback L.
  Volume C.I.
  Cox C.E.
  Cave A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kassam R.; Farris K.B.; Burback L.; Volume C.I.; Cox C.E.; Cave A.) 
Structured Pharmacy Education Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Kassam, Structured Pharmacy Education Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical 
Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2001) 41:3 (401-410). Date of Publication: 2001 May-Jun
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To describe the processes of care used by community pharmacists 
participating in the Pharmaceutical Care Research and Education Project 
(PREP) in terms of drug-related problems (DRPs), pharmacists' 
recommendations, and status of DRPs at follow-up, and to determine 
characteristics associated with DRPs. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of the 
treatment group from a larger randomized, controlled cluster design. 
SETTING: Five independent community pharmacies in Alberta. PARTICIPANTS: One 
hundred fifty-nine patients who were covered under Alberta Health and 
Wellness's senior drug benefit plan (i.e., 65 years or older), were taking 
three or more medications concurrently according to pharmacy records, were 
able to complete telephone interviews as determined by pharmacists, 
maintained residence in Alberta for 12 of the 15 study months, agreed to 
receive their prescription medications only from the study pharmacy during 
the study period, and provided informed consent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 
Frequency of DRPs, recommendations, status of DRPs, and analysis of clinical 
results as determined during pharmacists' follow-up care. RESULTS: In 
telephone surveys, patients reported taking 4.7 prescription medications per 
day, but pharmacists documented 8.7 prescription medications per day in 
their records. Pharmacists documented 559 DRPs, a mean (+/- SD) of 3.9+/-3.2 
problems per patient. Approximately 39% of problems were actual DRPs, while 
60% were potential DRPs. Medical conditions associated most frequently with 
a DRP involved the respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. 
The most common DRP categories were "patient requires drug therapy" or 
"patient requires influenza or pneumococcal vaccination." Pharmacists wrote 
551 initial clinical notes using the subjective, objective, assessment, plan 
(SOAP) format, and they recorded 346 follow-up interventions, also using 
SOAP notes. Counseling, preventive consultations, and clinical monitoring 
represented 40% of their recommendations. In 80% of situations, the 
pharmacist made the recommendation directly to the patient. On follow-up, 
40% of the 559 DRPs identified were resolved, controlled, or improved. 
Patients accepted 76% of pharmacists' recommendations, and physicians 
accepted 72% of pharmacists' suggested resolutions of DRPs. Pharmacists were 
more likely to follow up about actual DRPs, as compared with potential ones; 
overall, they followed up on 62% of identified DRPs. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists 
identified more DRPs for study patients than previous community-based, 
observational studies have reported. Undertreatment appears to be a 
prevalent DRP. Community pharmacists' recommendations to prevent and resolve 
DRPs were made primarily to patients and were well accepted. More follow-up 
was needed for all DRPs. When follow-up occurred, the DRP results generally 
showed improvement.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  female
  follow up
  human
  male
  middle aged
  patient referral
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  11372905 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11372905)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 854
TITLE
  Providing methadone services - Case studies
AUTHOR NAMES
  Newell G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Newell G.)
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutical Journal (2001) 266:7144 (542-546). Date of Publication: 21 
Apr 2001
ISSN
  0031-6873
ABSTRACT
  The following case studies, about provision of methadone services in the 
community, were used by the author as part of a Scottish Centre for Post 
Qualification Pharmaceutical Education (SCPPE) training event.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone (adverse drug reaction, drug administration, drug dose, drug 
therapy, oral drug administration, pharmaceutics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  diazepam (drug combination, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse (drug therapy, epidemiology)
  methadone treatment
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  case report
  dental caries (prevention)
  diarrhea (side effect)
  dose response
  drug choice
  drug formulation
  drug withdrawal
  human
  male
  medicolegal aspect
  prescription
  review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2001171122
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 855
TITLE
  Medication management in primary and secondary schools.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Reutzel T.J.
  Patel R.
  Myers M.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Reutzel T.J.; Patel R.; Myers M.A.) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers 
Grove, IL 60515, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.J. Reutzel, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago College of 
Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, 
USA. Email: treutz@midwestern.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2001) 41:1 (67-77). Date of Publication: 2001 Jan-Feb
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To summarize present knowledge about medication management in 
primary and secondary schools; to place this knowledge in its drug use and 
organizational contexts; and to provide a foundation for studying the 
problem and developing policy- and practice-level interventions aimed at 
alleviating it. To offer recommendations for practitioners, policy makers, 
and health professions educators aimed at improving the situation. DATA 
SOURCES: MEDLINE database (1966-1998); International Pharmaceutical 
Abstracts database (1977-1998); complete Medscape full-text search; contents 
of the Journal of School Nursing and the Journal of School Health 
(1966-present). STUDY SELECTION: We reviewed 95% of all articles, books, and 
reports identified using the search terms elementary school, middle school, 
junior high school, high school, primary school, secondary school, school 
nurse, school health, and schoolchildren. DATA EXTRACTION: The literature on 
this topic includes background material describing the nature of the problem 
and its political and organizational context and implying its significance; 
summaries of regulations, guidelines, and recommendations regarding 
medication management in the schools; and empirical studies. Few articles 
address pharmacist involvement in medication management in schools. DATA 
SYNTHESIS: Although approaches to this important problem vary widely, a set 
of core medication management guidelines is identifiable. Formal research is 
sparse, but it shows that medication use is widespread in schools and 
carries significant therapeutic and safety consequences. CONCLUSION: 
Pharmacists and school nurses must cross professional borders if they wish 
to play a role in solving this important drug therapy problem. Pharmacists 
can provide therapeutic and contextual perspectives on the problem, while 
school nurses can implement solutions within the schools.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug (drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care policy
  pharmacy
  school health nursing
  school health service
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  child
  human
  review
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  11216116 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11216116)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 856
TITLE
  An evolution of drug development and clinical pharmacology during the 20th 
century
AUTHOR NAMES
  Heath G.
  Colburn W.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Heath G.; Colburn W.A.) MDS Horris, Inc., 621 Rose Street, Lincoln, NE 
68502, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G. Heath, MDS Horris, Inc., 621 Rose Street, Lincoln, NE 68502, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2000) 40:9 (918-929). Date of Publication: 
2000
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  The current state of clinical pharmacology and drug development did not just 
happen. Clinical pharmacology and the drug development process were born, 
evolved, and have come to the fore during the past 100 years. The past 
century has been one of accelerating progress in science and medicine. The 
progress has not been a straight line but rather more like a sidewinder 
moving across the desert. Drug development has moved from small experiments 
with concoctions, extracts, and potions along with the manufacturing and 
promotion of the purported remedies to processes that exploited unknowing 
patients to a process that now requires concept generation, discovery, 
research, planning, and development with many checks and balances for the 
protection of human subjects. The factors that contributed to this 
progression from inappropriate use of potions, concoctions, and snake oil to 
the highly regulated drug development process of today is described in some 
detail. (C) 2000 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  arsenic derivative
  insulin
  levodopa
  neurotransmitter
  orphan drug
  poliomyelitis vaccine
  sulfanilamide derivative
  thalidomide
  vitamin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  drug development
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug approval
  drug contamination
  drug cost
  drug formulation
  drug information
  drug intoxication
  drug isolation
  drug manufacture
  drug marketing
  drug misuse
  drug research
  drug screening
  financial management
  history of medicine
  medical ethics
  medicare
  military medicine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  insulin (9004-10-8)
  levodopa (59-92-7)
  thalidomide (50-35-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000433671
MEDLINE PMID
  10975064 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10975064)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 857
TITLE
  Pharmacotherapy of alcoholism: Gaps in knowledge and opportunities for 
research
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kranzler H.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kranzler H.R.) Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, 
University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, United 
States.
(Kranzler H.R.) University of Connecticut Health Center, MC2103, 263 
Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.R. Kranzler, Univ. of Connecticut Health Center, MC2103, 263 Farmington 
Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, United States.
SOURCE
  Alcohol and Alcoholism (2000) 35:6 (537-547). Date of Publication: 2000
ISSN
  0735-0414
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  During the past decade, renewed interest in medications to prevent relapse 
in alcoholics has yielded a number of promising candidates. Although two of 
these medications, naltrexone and acamprosate, are currently in clinical use 
in a number of countries, overall, their effectiveness appears to be 
limited. Disulfiram, the deterrent medication that was approved 50 years ago 
for the treatment of alcoholism, has not consistently been shown to be 
efficacious. However, since inadequate dosing and other modifiable factors 
may limit its deterrent effects, the identification of a more potent 
metabolite of disulfiram appears to warrant further evaluation. Studies of 
serotonergic agonists for treatment of alcoholism have also yielded 
inconsistent results. There is evidence, however, that subgroups of 
alcoholics may respond well to such medications, suggesting that treatment 
matching may enhance their efficacy. In addition, nalmefene, a compound with 
effects similar to naltrexone, as well as a sustained release formulation of 
naltrexone, may enhance the beneficial effects of opioid antagonist therapy. 
Despite these developments, much remains to be learned about the 
pharmacotherapy of alcoholism. The ongoing development and evaluation of 
novel medications should be given a high priority. However, such basic 
issues as the optimal dosing strategy and duration of treatment for existing 
therapies are not known. Similarly, combination therapy, involving either 
multiple medications or the combination of medication with specific 
psychotherapies, has not been well studied. The utility of specific 
pharmacotherapies in women, different ethnic/racial groups, adolescent and 
geriatric patients, and individuals with co-morbid alcohol and drug use 
disorders (including nicotine dependence) is also largely unknown, as is the 
appropriateness of medication therapy for treatment of early problem 
drinkers. The ultimate aim of these efforts is the development of algorithms 
for the pharmacological treatment of heavy drinking, which incorporate the 
characteristics of the patient and of pharmacological and psychosocial 
treatments with demonstrated efficacy. Although a general framework for such 
an effort currently exists, much detail is needed before it will be of 
widespread clinical value.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acamprosate (clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy)
  disulfiram (clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy)
  nalmefene (clinical trial, drug combination, drug comparison, drug dose, 
drug therapy, oral drug administration)
  naltrexone (clinical trial, drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy, oral 
drug administration, pharmaceutics)
  opiate antagonist (clinical trial, drug combination, drug therapy)
  serotonin agonist (clinical trial, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  citalopram (clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (clinical trial, drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  aged
  clinical trial
  comorbidity
  drug abuse
  drug effect
  drug efficacy
  drug research
  female
  human
  patient selection
  priority journal
  psychosocial care
  review
  sustained release formulation
  treatment indication
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acamprosate (77337-73-6)
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  disulfiram (97-77-8)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  nalmefene (55096-26-9)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000431831
MEDLINE PMID
  11093959 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11093959)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 858
TITLE
  The effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of doxazosin
AUTHOR NAMES
  Penenberg D.
  Chung M.
  Walmsley P.
  Vashi V.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Penenberg D.; Chung M.; Walmsley P.; Vashi V.) Department of Clinical 
Research, Central Research Division, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, 
Groton, CT 06340, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  V. Vashi, Department of Clinical Research, Central Research Division, 
Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2000) 40:1 (67-73). Date of Publication: 
2000
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  The pharmacokinetics of doxazosin was determined in an open-label study of 
12 male volunteers with hepatic impairment (stable alcoholic cirrhosis) and 
12 healthy male volunteers. Participants (fasting) received a single 2 mg 
doxazosin tablet, and blood samples were collected over a 120-hour period. 
Safety assessments included laboratory and vital sign (blood pressure, pulse 
rate, and ECGs) measurements and recording of all reported adverse events. 
The mean peak plasma concentrations were 10.8 ng/mL and 12.3 ng/mL for the 
subjects with hepatic impairment and healthy subjects, respectively. The 
corresponding mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve values 
were 246 and 172 ng·h/mL, a 43% increase in exposure in the subjects with 
hepatic impairment (p = 0.02). Although the apparent oral clearance was 
reduced by 30% in men with hepatic impairment compared with healthy subjects 
(p = 0.02), the elimination halflife was not significantly changed (24 vs. 
22 hours, respectively). Laboratory test results, vital signs, and the 
incidence of adverse events were similar for the two treatment groups. These 
findings indicate that the recommended dosing regimen for doxazosin is 
appropriate for patients with clinically mild to moderate hepatic 
impairment. (C) 2000 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  doxazosin (drug concentration, drug dose, oral drug administration, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol liver cirrhosis
  dose liver function relation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  diet restriction
  dose response
  dose time effect relation
  drug clearance
  drug effect
  drug half life
  drug safety
  drug transformation
  electrocardiogram
  human
  human experiment
  human tissue
  male
  volunteer
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  cardura  , United StatesPfizer

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)Pfizer
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  doxazosin (74191-85-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000416870
MEDLINE PMID
  10631624 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10631624)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 859
TITLE
  Decreased EEG sensitivity to alprazolam in subjects with a parental history 
of alcoholism
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sarid-Segal O.
  Knapp C.M.
  Ciraulo A.M.
  Greenblatt D.J.
  Shader R.I.
  Ciraulo D.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sarid-Segal O.; Knapp C.M.; Ciraulo A.M.; Greenblatt D.J.; Shader R.I.; 
Ciraulo D.A.) Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of 
Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.A. Ciraulo, Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of 
Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2000) 40:1 (84-90). Date of Publication: 
2000
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Altered benzodiazepine sensitivity in subjects with a history of parental 
alcoholism (PHP) compared to control subjects (NC) has been reported for 
regional brain blood volume, eye movement tasks, and subjective effects. 
This study tests the hypothesis that PHP subjects are less sensitive to 
benzodiazepine effects on EEG activity than are NC subjects. Frontal EEG 
activity was recorded in PHP and NC subjects after administration of the 
benzodiazepine, alprazolam (1 mg), or placebo. PHP subjects had decreased 
sensitivity to the EEG effects of alprazolam compared to NC subjects. 
Significant differences were detected for change in percent relative beta 
activity and alpha and theta band power. Pharmacokinetic parameters did not 
differ significantly between groups. These results suggest that PHP subjects 
are less sensitive to the effects of alprazolam on central 
electrophysiological activity than are NC subjects. (C) 2000 the American 
College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alprazolam (clinical trial, drug administration, drug dose, drug therapy, 
pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
  benzothiazepine derivative (clinical trial, drug administration, drug dose, 
drug therapy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  placebo
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (diagnosis, drug therapy)
  electroencephalogram
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alpha rhythm
  area under the curve
  article
  beta rhythm
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  crossover procedure
  double blind procedure
  drug effect
  drug potency
  female
  GABAergic transmission
  human
  human experiment
  hypothesis
  male
  questionnaire
  randomized controlled trial
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Upjohn
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000416872
MEDLINE PMID
  10631626 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10631626)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 860
TITLE
  Use of tangential visual symbols to increase the long-term learning process: 
Applications of linkage in teaching pharmacological principles of addiction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Giannini A.J.
  Giannini J.N.
  Condon M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Giannini A.J.) Department of Corporate Medical Director, Chemical Abuse 
Centers, Inc., Austintown, OH, United States.
(Giannini A.J.) Department of Corporate Medical Director, Chemical Abuse 
Centers, Inc., Canton, OH, United States.
(Giannini A.J.) Department of Corporate Medical Director, Chemical Abuse 
Centers, Inc., Columbus, OH, United States.
(Giannini A.J.) Department of Corporate Medical Director, Chemical Abuse 
Centers, Inc., Liberty, OH, United States.
(Giannini J.N.) Department of History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 
United States.
(Condon M.) Department of Statistics, Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., 
Austintown, OH, United States.
(Condon M.) Department of Statistics, Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., Canton, 
OH, United States.
(Condon M.) Department of Statistics, Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., 
Columbus, OH, United States.
(Condon M.) Department of Statistics, Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., Liberty, 
OH, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.J. Giannini, 721 Boardman-Poland Road 200, Boardman, OH 44512, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2000) 40:7 (708-712). Date of Publication: 
2000
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Medieval and Renaissance teaching techniques using linkage between course 
content and tangentially related visual symbols were applied to the teaching 
of the pharmacological principles of addiction. Forty medical students 
randomly divided into two blinded groups viewed a lecture. One lecture was 
supplemented by symbolic slides, and the second was not. Students who viewed 
symbolic slides had significantly higher scores in a written 15-question 
multiple-choice test 30 days after the lecture. These results were 
consistent with learning and semiotic models. These models hypothesize a 
linkage between conceptual content and perception of visual symbols that 
thereby increases conceptual retention. Recent neurochemical research 
supports the existence of a linkage between two chemically distinct memory 
systems. Simultaneous stimulation of both chemical systems by teaching 
formats similar to those employed in the study can augment neurochemical 
signaling in the neocortex. (C) 2000 the American College of Clinical 
Pharmacology.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education program
  medical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug dependence
  human
  learning
  model
  teaching
  visual information
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000440131
MEDLINE PMID
  10883411 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10883411)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 861
TITLE
  New York City pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles/syringes to 
injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access
AUTHOR NAMES
  Coffin P.O.
  Linas B.P.
  Factor S.H.
  Vlahov D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Coffin P.O.; Linas B.P.; Factor S.H.; Vlahov D.) New York Academy of 
Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.O. Coffin, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 
10029, United States. Email: Pcoffin@nyam.org
SOURCE
  Journal of Urban Health (2000) 77:4 (781-793). Date of Publication: 2000
ISSN
  1099-3460
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, Heidelberger Platz 3, 
Berlin, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  In May 2000, New York State passed legislation permitting the sale, 
purchase, and possession of up to 10 needles and syringes (hereafter 
"syringes") without a prescription, intended to reduce blood-borne pathogen 
transmission among injection drug users (IDUs). To obtain baseline data on 
pharmacists' attitudes and practices related to human immunodeficiency virus 
(HIV) prevention and IDUs, a telephone survey was administered to 130 
pharmacists systematically selected in New York City. Less than half of 
pharmacists were aware of the new law; 49.6% were willing to or supported 
providing nonprescription sales of syringes to IDUs. Pharmacists in support 
tended to be less likely to consider customer appearance "very important." 
Managing and supervising pharmacists were more likely than staff pharmacists 
to support syringe sales to IDUs. Managing and supervising pharmacists who 
stocked packs of 10 syringes and personal sharps disposal containers, 
pharmacists who supported syringe exchange in the pharmacy, and pharmacists 
who were willing to sell syringes to diabetics without a prescription were 
more likely to support syringe sales to IDUs. Syringe disposal was a 
prominent concern among all pharmacists. Those not in support of syringe 
sales to IDUs tended to be more likely to believe the practice would 
increase drug use. These data suggest the need for initiatives to address 
concerns about syringe disposal and tailored continuing education classes 
for pharmacists on HIV and viral hepatitis prevention among IDUs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (prevention)
  intravenous drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  attitude
  continuing education
  controlled study
  female
  health program
  human
  infection prevention
  law
  male
  normal human
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  syringe
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2001028847
MEDLINE PMID
  11194317 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11194317)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 862
TITLE
  Reducing the transmission of HIV-1: needle bleaching as a means of 
disinfection.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Romanelli F.
  Smith K.M.
  Pomeroy C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Romanelli F.; Smith K.M.; Pomeroy C.) College of Pharmacy, University of 
Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0293, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  F. Romanelli, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 
40536-0293, USA. Email: froma2@pop.uky.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2000) 40:6 (812-817). Date of Publication: 2000 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy, safety, and proper methods for use of 
bleach (sodium hypochlorite) as a means of needle disinfection. DATA 
SOURCES: Controlled studies cited in MEDLINE between 1966 and 1999 using 
indexing terms: needle, bleach, HIV/AIDS, and disinfection. STUDY SELECTION 
AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were categorized based on experimental 
conditions produced and specific testing procedures used. DATA SYNTHESIS: 
Used properly, undiluted bleach (sodium hypochlorite 5.25%) appears to be an 
effective disinfection solution for used needles. Proper needle disinfection 
with undiluted bleach may reduce the risk of HIV transmission among 
injection drug users from needle sharing. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists can play a 
role in reducing HIV transmission among injection drug users by advocating 
cessation of drug use, drug treatment programs, and avoidance of needle 
sharing. Pharmacists should be prepared to educate patients who are 
unwilling to cease illicit drug use or participate in drug treatment 
programs on the proper methods of bleach disinfection of used needles.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hypochlorite sodium (pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acquired immune deficiency syndrome (prevention)
  disinfection
  Human immunodeficiency virus 1
  needle
  substance abuse (complication)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  disease transmission
  drug effect
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence
  pharmacist
  review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  hypochlorite sodium (7681-52-9)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  11111361 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11111361)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 863
TITLE
  29th Annual meeting of New England pharmacologists Brown University, 
Providence, RI January 28-29, 2000
AUTHOR NAMES
  Scriabine A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Scriabine A.) Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of 
Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06420, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Scriabine, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of 
Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06420, United States. Email: 
alexander.scriabine@snet.net
SOURCE
  CNS Drug Reviews (2000) 6:2 (179-182). Date of Publication: 2000
ISSN
  1080-563X
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  3 alpha hydroxy 5 betapregnan 20 one hemasuccinate (drug development, 
intraperitoneal drug administration, pharmacology)
  3alpha hydroxy 5alpha pregnan 20 one (drug concentration, drug interaction, 
pharmacology)
  amyloid beta protein (endogenous compound)
  baclofen (intraperitoneal drug administration, pharmacology)
  brain derived neurotrophic factor (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  cannabinoid
  captopril
  diltiazem (pharmacology)
  eletriptan (drug comparison, pharmacology)
  flumazenil (drug interaction, pharmacology)
  ion channel
  leptin (pharmacology)
  lidocaine (drug interaction, pharmacology)
  lidocaine ethobromide (pharmacology)
  ma 281 (drug interaction)
  mevinolin (adverse drug reaction, pharmacology)
  midazolam (drug interaction, pharmacology)
  morphine
  naloxone (drug interaction)
  neurosteroid (drug development, intraperitoneal drug administration, 
pharmacology)
  neurotrophic factor (drug therapy, pharmacology)
  nifedipine (pharmacology)
  recombinant ciliary neurotrophic factor (adverse drug reaction, 
pharmacology)
  rimonabant
  rosiglitazone (drug comparison, pharmacology)
  sumatriptan (drug comparison, drug interaction, pharmacology)
  tetrahydrocannabinol (drug development, intranasal drug administration, 
pharmacology)
  unclassified drug
  unindexed drug
  vaccine (drug development, pharmacology)
  verapamil (pharmacology)
  zolmitriptan (drug comparison, drug interaction, pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug mechanism
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (drug therapy)
  atherosclerosis
  cell line
  conference paper
  diabetes mellitus
  drug blood level
  drug inhibition
  drug potency
  drug potentiation
  gastrointestinal symptom (side effect)
  gene mutation
  hormone inhibition
  hormone release
  human
  hypercalciuria
  Liddle syndrome
  long QT syndrome
  nonhuman
  obesity
  sodium retention
  tumor cell
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  3alpha hydroxy 5alpha pregnan 20 one (516-54-1)
  amyloid beta protein (109770-29-8)
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
  brain derived neurotrophic factor (218441-99-7)
  captopril (62571-86-2)
  diltiazem (33286-22-5, 42399-41-7)
  eletriptan (143322-58-1, 177834-92-3)
  flumazenil (78755-81-4)
  lidocaine ethobromide (21306-56-9)
  lidocaine (137-58-6, 24847-67-4, 56934-02-2, 73-78-9)
  mevinolin (75330-75-5)
  midazolam (59467-70-8)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  nifedipine (21829-25-4)
  rimonabant (158681-13-1, 168273-06-1)
  rosiglitazone (122320-73-4, 155141-29-0)
  sumatriptan (103628-46-2)
  tetrahydrocannabinol (1972-08-3)
  verapamil (152-11-4, 52-53-9)
  zolmitriptan (139264-17-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000298245
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 864
TITLE
  Drug use in the Czech Republic university students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Beckova I.
  Visnovsky P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Beckova I.; Visnovsky P.) Dept. of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Charles University Praque 1203, Heyrovskeho Hradec 5, CZ 500 05 
Kralove, Czech Republic.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I. Beckova, Dept. of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles 
University Praque 1203, Heyrovskeho Hradec 5, CZ 500 05 Kralove, Czech 
Republic.
SOURCE
  Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2000) 25:2 (41-44). Date of 
Publication: 2000
ISSN
  1300-4182
ABSTRACT
  Attitudes to drug addiction and experience with drug abuse were investigated 
in 3387 undergraduates of the first and third of 11 different university 
colleges. A standard questionnaire, used by the District Authority, Section 
of Public Health in Hradec Kralove, and commonly used in the whole Czech 
Republic, was employed for the survey. Most respondents were aged from 18 to 
2 5 years and more than a half of them come towns with more than ten 
thousand inhabitants. It follows from the obtained results that the drug 
most widely used by undergraduates is marihuana. Personal experience with 
taking this drug is stated in dependence on the type of the faculty, by 13.5 
to 50% of respondents; the highest percentage is represented by the 
undergraduates of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Bmo. A similar situation has 
been found in the case of hallucinogens abuse (LSD), where the highest 
percentage of abusers were again at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Bmo (7.7%). 
The age limit of the first experience with a drug ranges in most respondents 
between 14 to 23 years of age. In a small percentage of respondents, 
however, the first use of a drug is reported already below the age of 10. 
Drug abuse takes place usually at parties discotheques and rock clubs. The 
study has demonstrated that availability of drugs in schools is much lower 
than in places of residence; with increasing age of respondents their 
knowledge of existence of drugs in schools increases, and their knowledge of 
drug availability in places of residence decreases. An analysis of opinions 
concerning legalization of drugs in the Czech Republic has revealed a 
generally tolerant attitude of undergraduates to permitting the use and 
distribution of drugs. The most negative viewpoint concerning this problem 
has been taken by the undergraduates of the Pedagogical Faculty in Hradec 
Kralove; on the greatest benevolence has been found in the undergraduates of 
the Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, in Hradec Kralove, and those of 
the University of Pardubice.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabis
  cocaine
  lysergide
  methamphetamine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  article
  attitude
  college student
  Czech Republic
  experience
  female
  human
  male
  money
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  lysergide (50-37-3)
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Turkish
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000268504
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 865
TITLE
  Modification of albumin use pattern after an educational intervention
AUTHOR NAMES
  De Miguel V.
  Vargas E.
  Portoles A.
  Puerro M.
  Terleira A.I.
  Moreno A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (De Miguel V.; Vargas E., vargas@eurociber.es; Portoles A.; Puerro M.; 
Terleira A.I.; Moreno A.) Clinical Pharmacology Service, San Carlos Clinical 
Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
(Vargas E., vargas@eurociber.es) Servicio de Farmacologia Clinica, Hospital 
Universitario San Carlos, C / Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E. Vargas, Servicio de Farmacologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario San 
Carlos, C/Martin Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain. Email: vargas@eurociber.es
SOURCE
  Disease Management and Health Outcomes (2000) 8:1 (43-50). Date of 
Publication: 2000
ISSN
  1173-8790
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To determine whether an educational programme could reduce the 
inappropriate use of albumin. Study design and setting: A hospital albumin 
working group (San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain) developed local 
guidelines for albumin prescribing. After the guidelines were disseminated, 
all albumin prescriptions were analysed according to these guidelines. 
Physicians who prescribed albumin for indications other than those in the 
guidelines were selected for a personalised face-to-face educational 
programme with a clinical pharmacologists. Adherence to the guidelines was 
then evaluated compared with an observational period with success being 
measured in terms of quality of prescribing and economic consequences. The 
effects of the intervention were assessed again during the intervention (7 
months) and after the intervention (in the first 5-month period and in the 
subsequent year). Main outcomes measures and results: In the observational 
period, consumption was centralised in medical services and nearly 76% of 
prescriptions for albumin were inappropriate. During the intervention, the 
percentage of inappropriate albumin prescribing decreased to 38.8%. Albumin 
consumption decreased from 444 vials/month during the observational period 
to 249 vials/month during the intervention, and although the average monthly 
consumption increased slightly during the 17 months following the 
intervention, it was similar to that immediately after the intervention. 
Differences in albumin consumption and quality improvement between the 
observational period and during the intervention were statistically 
significant (p < 0.00001). These results led to cost savings of nearly 30% 
during the intervention and in the follow-up period. Conclusions: This 
educational programme improved the quality of albumin prescribing and 
controlled local expenses related to albumin use in a general hospital.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  albumin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
  education program
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug use
  hospital cost
  outcomes research
  physician
  practice guideline
  Spain
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000257883
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 866
TITLE
  Successful temporary nonsmoker?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Stollman M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Stollman M.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Stollman,
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(2000) 40:4 (453). Date of Publication: 2000 Jul-Aug
ISSN
  1086-5802
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  human
  note
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  10932449 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10932449)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 867
TITLE
  29th Annual Meeting of New England Pharmacologists Brown University, 
Providence, RI January 28-29, 2000
AUTHOR NAMES
  Scriabine A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Scriabine A.) Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of 
Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06420, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Scriabine, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of 
Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06420, United States. Email: 
alexander.scriabine@snet.net
SOURCE
  Cardiovascular Drug Reviews (2000) 18:1 (89-92). Date of Publication: 2000
ISSN
  0897-5957
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cholinergic receptor
  leptin
  recombinant ciliary neurotrophic factor (adverse drug reaction, drug 
therapy, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  4 aminobutyric acid A receptor
  4 aminobutyric acid B receptor stimulating agent (drug dose, intraperitoneal 
drug administration)
  baclofen (drug dose, intracerebral drug administration, intraperitoneal drug 
administration)
  benzodiazepine receptor blocking agent
  cannabinoid receptor antagonist
  cholesterol ester transfer protein
  diltiazem
  dronabinol
  eletriptan (drug comparison, pharmacokinetics)
  epitope
  flumazenil
  lidocaine
  lidocaine ethobromide
  mevinolin
  morphine (drug dose, subcutaneous drug administration)
  neurosteroid
  nifedipine
  rimonabant
  rosiglitazone
  serotonin 1B receptor
  sumatriptan (drug comparison, pharmacokinetics)
  tetanus toxoid (drug development)
  verapamil
  zolmitriptan (drug comparison, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (drug therapy)
  cardiovascular disease (etiology, prevention)
  neurologic disease (drug therapy, etiology, prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  atherosclerosis (etiology, prevention)
  brain protection
  conference paper
  coughing (side effect)
  cystic fibrosis (etiology)
  drug induced disease (side effect)
  drug mechanism
  gene mutation
  human
  nausea (side effect)
  neuropharmacology
  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (drug therapy)
  nonhuman
  priority journal
  vomiting (side effect)
  withdrawal syndrome
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  qx 314
  sr 141716a
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  baclofen (1134-47-0)
  diltiazem (33286-22-5, 42399-41-7)
  dronabinol (7663-50-5)
  eletriptan (143322-58-1, 177834-92-3)
  flumazenil (78755-81-4)
  lidocaine ethobromide (21306-56-9)
  lidocaine (137-58-6, 24847-67-4, 56934-02-2, 73-78-9)
  mevinolin (75330-75-5)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  nifedipine (21829-25-4)
  rimonabant (158681-13-1, 168273-06-1)
  rosiglitazone (122320-73-4, 155141-29-0)
  sumatriptan (103628-46-2)
  tetanus toxoid (57425-69-1, 93384-51-1)
  verapamil (152-11-4, 52-53-9)
  zolmitriptan (139264-17-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000199718
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 868
TITLE
  Impact of the dial access drug information service on patient outcome
AUTHOR NAMES
  Melnyk P.S.
  Shevchuk Y.M.
  Remillard A.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Melnyk P.S., paul.melnyk@usask.ca) Dial Access Drug Information Service, 
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Univ. of Saskatchewan at Saskatoon, 
Saskatoon, Sask., Canada.
(Shevchuk Y.M.; Remillard A.J.) Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy 
and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada.
(Melnyk P.S., paul.melnyk@usask.ca) Dial Access Drug Information Service, 
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science 
Place, Saskatoon, Sask. S7N 5C9, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.S. Melnyk, Dial Access Drug Information Service, College of Pharmacy and 
Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Sask. 
S7N 5C9, Canada. Email: paul.melnyk@usask.ca
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2000) 34:5 (585-592). Date of Publication: 2000
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a drug information service on patient 
outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of patient-specific drug 
information requests. SETTING: Healthcare professional and consumer drug 
information service located at a college of pharmacy. PARTICIPANTS: 
Consumers and healthcare professionals of the province. INTERVENTION: 
Patient-specific questions received by the drug information service were 
reviewed and evaluated for actual patient outcome, inquirers' opinion of 
impact of the service with respect to patient outcome, and for objectivity 
and timeliness of the response. An expert panel determined whether the 
responses and recommendations given by the service were appropriate, 
determined what impact the service had on the patient, and assessed the 
seriousness of the inquiry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Classification of patient 
outcome by objective and subjective data based on predetermined desired 
outcomes. RESULTS: Ninety- eight and 68 patient-specific requests were 
received from healthcare professionals and consumers, respectively. The 
panel concluded that 94.9% of the healthcare requests and 98.5% of the 
consumer requests were answered appropriately and that the majority of the 
requests involved potentially serious drug-related problems. The panel also 
determined that 46.8% of the recommendations to healthcare professionals and 
41.0% of the recommendations to consumers resulted in positive patient 
outcomes. The majority of the positive outcomes involved the prevention of a 
disease or its symptoms (professional section) and the reduction or 
elimination of symptoms (consumer section). CONCLUSIONS: The drug 
information service not only met its objectives of providing drug 
information in an accurate, objective, and timely manner, but was also able 
to provide positive patient outcomes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug information
  information service
  patient care
  telephone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  consultation
  consumer
  health care quality
  health practitioner
  human
  outcomes research
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000169650
MEDLINE PMID
  10852084 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10852084)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 869
TITLE
  Cocaine misuse treatment in England
AUTHOR NAMES
  Seivewright N.
  Donmall M.
  Douglas J.
  Draycott T.
  Millar T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Seivewright N.; Draycott T.) Substance Misuse Service, Comm. Hlth. 
Sheffield NHS Trust, N., Sheffield, United Kingdom.
(Donmall M.; Douglas J.; Millar T.) Univ. Manchester Drug Misuse Res. U., 
Manchester, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N. Seivewright, Substance Misuse Service, Community Health Sheffield NHS 
Trust, Norfolk House, 4 Norfolk St., Sheffield S1 2JB, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Drug Policy (2000) 11:3 (203-215). Date of 
Publication: 1 May 2000
ISSN
  0955-3959
ABSTRACT
  Three methods were used to identify the treatments given to cocaine misusers 
in England, and to make a preliminary assessment of effectiveness. First, a 
postal survey of all known drug misuse treatment services ascertained 
approximate numbers of cocaine misusers presenting and receiving a specified 
range of treatments. Secondly, staff at selected services were interviewed 
regarding treatment policies, and asked to subjectively rate short-term and 
long-term effectiveness. Thirdly, a cohort of individuals in treatment were 
studied prospectively to assess changes in drug usage and associated 
problems. Fifty percent of services responded to the survey, but there was 
known to be significant duplication in service listings and it is considered 
that a representative pattern of clinical activity has been detected. 
Approximately half those services had recently treated cocaine misusers, 
mainly using counselling, residential rehabilitation, and pharmacological 
treatments, in which 32 different medications were identified. Acupuncture 
was prominent in a minority of services. Staff interviews suggested several 
principles in managing cocaine misusers, while all treatments were rated as 
being more effective in short-term relief of withdrawal features than in 
enabling longer-term abstinence. The treatment cohort were mostly in 
residential rehabilitation, and marked reductions in drug use and related 
clinical and social problems were demonstrated. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science 
B.V. All rights reserved.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine (drug therapy, drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amitriptyline (drug therapy)
  benzodiazepine (drug therapy)
  chlorpromazine (drug therapy)
  desipramine (drug therapy)
  dexamphetamine (drug therapy)
  diazepam (drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (drug therapy)
  methadone (drug therapy)
  nitrazepam (drug therapy)
  paroxetine (drug therapy)
  temazepam (drug therapy)
  thioridazine (drug therapy)
  trifluoperazine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse (drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acupuncture
  adult
  clinical article
  cohort analysis
  female
  human
  interview
  male
  medical staff
  patient counseling
  policy
  priority journal
  prospective study
  rehabilitation
  review
  social problem
  treatment outcome
  United Kingdom
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  chlorpromazine (50-53-3, 69-09-0)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  dexamphetamine (1462-73-3, 51-63-8, 51-64-9)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  nitrazepam (146-22-5)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  temazepam (846-50-4)
  thioridazine (130-61-0, 50-52-2)
  trifluoperazine (117-89-5, 440-17-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000231274
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-3959(00)00045-1
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 870
TITLE
  Billing for cognitive services: Understanding Quebec pharmacists' behavior
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kröger E.
  Moisan J.
  Grégoire J.-P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kröger E.; Moisan J.; Grégoire J.-P.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Moisan, Equipe de Pharmaco-Epidemiologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, 
Universite Laval, bureau 1038, Cite universitaire, Laval, Que. G1K 7P4, 
Canada. Email: Jocelyne.Moisan@pha.ulaval.ca
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2000) 34:3 (309-316). Date of Publication: 2000
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that pharmacists' interventions to 
solve drug-related problems are effective and cost-saving. Since 1978, under 
the Quebec provincial drug plan, payment for two cognitive services, the 
pharmaceutical opinion and the refusal to dispense a prescription, has been 
disbursed to community pharmacists. However, the number of claims for these 
services lags far behind expectations. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors 
influencing Quebec community pharmacists in the billing for a pharmaceutical 
opinion or for a refusal to dispense. METHODS: Questions on predisposing, 
enabling, and reinforcing factors potentially related to pharmacists' 
behavior were included in a self-administered questionnaire sent to all 3517 
community pharmacists practicing in the province of Quebec during 1996. 
Using multivariate logistic regression, models were built to explain billing 
for an opinion and billing for a refusal. RESULTS: According to our models, 
the typical pharmacist who billed for opinions or refusals in Quebec is <45 
years of age, has attended a continuing education program on this topic, and 
believes that billing for interventions is important. This typical 
pharmacist handles a mean daily volume of 100-250 prescriptions, uses a 
decision-support computer program, and has sufficient technical staff 
assistance. This pharmacist believes that interventions can be billed 
rapidly and are consistently paid by the province's drug plan. CONCLUSIONS: 
In order to increase the billing of pharmaceutical care in community 
pharmacies, tailored educational programs should be offered to pharmacists. 
There is also a need to improve working conditions in pharmacies.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  attitude
  behavior
  Canada
  continuing education
  female
  human
  male
  medical fee
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  work environment
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000090676
MEDLINE PMID
  10917375 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917375)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 871
TITLE
  The regional drug-therapy consultation service centre - A conception that 
has been serving patients and physicians alike for 30 years in Magdeburg 
(Germany)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tröger U.
  Meyer F.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tröger U., uwe.troeger@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de; Meyer F.P.) University 
Hospital Magdeburg, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische 
Fakultät, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  U. Troger, University Hospital Magdeburg, Institute of Clinical 
Pharmacology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitat, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 
Magdeburg, Germany. Email: uwe.troeger@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
SOURCE
  European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2000) 55:10 (707-711). Date of 
Publication: 2000
ISSN
  0031-6970
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: Thirty years ago, a drug therapy consultation service centre was 
established simultaneously with the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology based 
at the university hospital in Magdeburg. The combination of therapeutic drug 
monitoring and a drug information service including individual patient- 
oriented drug dosage and bedside consultation permits an effective support 
of the treatment of drug related therapeutic problems. Currently, the 
service offers drug monitoring for 161 drugs and additional 46 metabolites. 
Methods and discussion: In a representative 2-year period (1997-1998), drug 
monitoring was performed for 6293 patients, and 569 drug-related inquiries 
were answered. The main categories of required drug information were: 
pharmacokinetics/metabolism/analytical problems (38%), adverse drug 
reactions/drug safety (24%), therapeutic drug use/drug indication (21%) and 
pharmaceuticals (9%). Further activities of the institute refer to teaching 
of undergraduates, continuing education of local physicians in recent 
aspects of drug therapy, providing therapeutic bulletins and conducting 
supporting clinical studies.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anticonvulsive agent (adverse drug reaction, pharmaceutics, 
pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug monitoring
  drug safety
  drug surveillance program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  consultation
  data base
  drug induced disease (side effect)
  drug use
  Germany
  health care organization
  human
  pharmaceutical care
  priority journal
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000052759
MEDLINE PMID
  10663447 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10663447)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 872
TITLE
  Factors influencing the detection rate of drug-related problems in community 
pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Westerlund T.
  Almarsdóttir A.B.
  Melander A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Westerlund T.) Apoteken i Skåne, Apoteket Björnen, P.O. Box 1052, SE-251 10 
Helsingborg, Sweden.
(Almarsdóttir A.B.) Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Department of Social 
Pharmacy, 2 Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
(Melander A.) Swed. Netwk. Pharmacoepidemiology D., Medical Research Centre, 
Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Westerlund, Apoteken i Skane, Apoteket Bjornen, P.O. Box 1052, SE-251 10 
Helsingborg, Sweden.
SOURCE
  Pharmacy World and Science (1999) 21:6 (245-250). Date of Publication: 1999
ISSN
  0928-1231
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  This study analyzes relationships between the number of drug-related 
problems detected in community pharmacy practice and the educational level 
and other characteristics of pharmacy personnel and their work sites. Random 
samples of pharmacists, prescriptionists and pharmacy technicians were drawn 
nationwide in Sweden. One hundred and forty-four (63%) of those meeting the 
inclusion criteria agreed to take part. The participants documented 
medication-related problems, interventions and patient variables on a data 
collection form. The drug-related problems were weighted by the number of 
patients served by each professional. The regression analysis showed the 
educational level of the professional to have a statistically significant 
effect on the detection rate, with pharmacists finding on average 2.5 more 
drug-related problems per 100 patients than prescriptionists and about 3.6 
more than technicians. Previous participation in a study or activity on 
drug- related problems and the size of the pharmacy also had statistically 
significant effects on the problem detection rate. The use of open-ended 
questions to create a dialogue with the patient seemed to be a successful 
means of discover problems. The results of the indicate the importance of 
education and training of pharmacy personnel in detection of drug-related 
problems. This findings speaks in favor of increasing the pharmacists to 
other personnel ratio, provided the higher costs will be offset by social 
benefits.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  job performance
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  academic achievement
  article
  controlled study
  drug misuse
  human
  normal human
  patient education
  patient guidance
  pharmaceutical care
  pharmacy
  Sweden
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000028096
MEDLINE PMID
  10658231 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10658231)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008767406692
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 873
TITLE
  Motivations for and barriers to community pharmacy services for drug 
misusers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Matheson C.
  Bond C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Matheson C., c.i.math@abdn.ac.uk; Bond C.M.) Department of General Practice 
and Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Centre, 
Westburn Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2AY, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Matheson, Dept. General Practice Primary Care, University of Abcrdeen, 
Foresterhill Health Centre, Westburn Road, Aberdeen AB25 2AY, United 
Kingdom. Email: c.i.math@abdn.ac.uk
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (1999) 7:4 (256-263). Date of 
Publication: Dec 1999
ISSN
  0961-7671
ABSTRACT
  Objective - To investigate what motivated pharmacists to provide drug misuse 
services and, conversely, what barriers prevented service provision. Method 
- Telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 45 
volunteering respondents to a national questionnaire survey to gain in-depth 
information. Setting - Forty-five community pharmacists in Scotland. Key 
findings - Pharmacists were found to be motivated to provide services by an 
awareness of the needs of the community, a desire to reduce the spread of 
blood-borne diseases and a desire to expand their professional services. 
Barriers to service provision were concerns for the effect on other 
customers, safety, workload and poor remuneration. Conclusion - The active 
encouragement of local health boards, professional endorsement, further 
education and remuneration might encourage pharmacists' participation in 
drug misuse services. This would enable the principles of harm reduction to 
be widely practised.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community care
  drug abuse
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  financial management
  health care availability
  human
  motivation
  normal human
  priority journal
  prophylaxis
  United Kingdom
  workload
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000059978
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 874
TITLE
  The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a 
controlled, blinded pilot experiment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dews P.B.
  Curtis G.L.
  Hanford K.J.
  O'Brien C.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dews P.B.; Curtis G.L.; Hanford K.J.; O'Brien C.P.) University of 
Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 
PA 19104-6178, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.P. O'Brien, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, 3900 
Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6178, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1999) 39:12 (1221-1232). Date of 
Publication: 1999
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Reports of symptoms when regular caffeine consumption is stopped have 
appeared in the medical literature, but the frequency and significance of 
this phenomenon have remained controversial. The objective of this study was 
to collect information on the prevalence and severity of caffeine withdrawal 
in the general population and determine the incidence and type of symptoms 
reported on blind abrupt and gradual caffeine cessation among coffee 
drinkers reporting past episodes of caffeine-withdrawal symptoms. A 
community-based telephone survey was followed by a stratified, randomized, 
double-blind controlled study. Participants included 11, 112 persons 
spontaneously calling to inquire about studies not related to caffeine and 
57 regular caffeine users selected from among the callers because of 
self-reported caffeine-withdrawal symptoms. Gradual or abrupt withdrawal 
from caffeine was compared to continuation of the same caffeine level. In a 
survey of 11,112 persons, 61% reported daily caffeine consumption, and 11% 
of the caffeine consumers reported symptoms upon stopping caffeine. Among 
the regular caffeine users, only 0.9% of males and 5.5% of females reported 
symptoms significant enough to interfere with normal activities when they 
abruptly stopped caffeine. A group of those reporting withdrawal symptoms 
were randomly assigned to three subsamples. In the group subjected to abrupt 
withdrawal (N = 18), 6 (33.3%) reported symptoms (e.g., headaches and 
tiredness). Including decreases in functional ratings, a total of 7 of the 
18 (38.8%) could be considered to have experienced caffeine withdrawal. The 
gradual withdrawal group (N = 20) reported minimal if any caffeine 
withdrawal symptoms. A third group (N = 18) was kept on a level dose of 
caffeine for comparison. When participants are unaware of the 
caffeine-withdrawal focus of the study, these results suggest that both the 
frequency and severity of caffeine-withdrawal symptoms are much lower than 
found in some previous reports and that clinically significant symptoms may 
be uncommon events among the general population. (C) 1999 the American 
College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  caffeine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  withdrawal syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical trial
  coffee
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  double blind procedure
  drinking
  female
  frequency analysis
  functional assessment
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  randomized controlled trial
  self report
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  caffeine (58-08-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000295878
MEDLINE PMID
  10586387 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10586387)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 875
TITLE
  Buprenorphine pharmacokinetics: Relative bioavailability of sublingual 
tablet and liquid formulations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nath R.P.
  Upton R.A.
  Everhart E.T.
  Cheung P.
  Shwonek P.
  Jones R.T.
  Mendelson J.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nath R.P.; Upton R.A.; Everhart E.T.; Cheung P.; Shwonek P.; Jones R.T.; 
Mendelson J.E.) Drug Dependence Research Center, Langley Porter Psychiatric 
Institute, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San 
Francisco, CA 94143-0984, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.E. Mendelson, Drug Dependence Research Center, Langley Porter Psychiatric 
Institute, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San 
Francisco, CA 94143-0984, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1999) 39:6 (619-623). Date of Publication: 
1999
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Buprenorphine is an effective new treatment for opiate dependence. This 
study compared the bioavailability of buprenorphine from a tablet to that 
from a reference solution. Six men experienced with, but not dependent on, 
opiates (DSM-III-R) were each administered 7.7 mg of buprenorphine in liquid 
form and 8 mg in tablet form 1 week apart in a balanced crossover design. 
Plasma levels were measured by electron capture capillary gas chromatography 
(GC), and concentration-time curves were constructed. Pharmacokinetic data 
were analyzed by analysis of variance. The bioavailability from the tablet 
was approximately 50% that from the liquid and was not affected by saliva 
pH. Lower bioavailability from the tablet may be due to slow dissolution. 
(C) 1999 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine (clinical trial, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, sublingual 
drug administration)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  opiate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug bioavailability
  liquid
  tablet formulation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  area under the curve
  article
  capillary gas chromatography
  clinical trial
  crossover procedure
  drug blood level
  drug solubility
  electron capture detection
  human
  human experiment
  male
  normal human
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)National Institute On Drug Abuse
   (United States)Reckitt and Colman
   (United States)Research Triangle Institute
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2000289083
MEDLINE PMID
  10354966 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10354966)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 876
TITLE
  Community-based geriatric pharmaceutical care: From theory to practice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Grymonpre R.E.
  Vercaigne L.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Grymonpre R.E.; Vercaigne L.M.) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of 
Manitoba, 50 Sifton Rd., Winnipeg, Man. R3T 2N2, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.E. Grymonpre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Rd., 
Winnipeg, Man. R3T 2N2, Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (1999) 132:9 (38-43+50). Date of 
Publication: 1999
ISSN
  0828-6914
ABSTRACT
  The goal of this project was to motivate and educate participating 
pharmacists in the delivery of community-based geriatric pharmaceutical care 
and to initiate change within the profession towards this philosophy of 
practice. After an initial training period and meetings with project support 
staff, pharmacists began providing pharmaceutical care services to patients. 
Over 9 months, 29 clients were recruited by 5 pharmacists. When outliers 
were excluded, 24 clients had an average of 3.7 drug-related problems each. 
Of the 112 issues identified in all patients, 62 (55%) were favorably 
resolved, 17 (15%) were partially resolved and 15 (13%) were not resolved, 
i.e., where the intervention did not result in the desired endpoint change. 
At the time of this report, follow-up was incomplete on 18 (16%) of the 
interventions. Non-institutionalized seniors significantly benefited from 
the provision of pharmeceutical care services in the community setting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  geriatric care
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  community care
  education
  health care delivery
  health service
  pharmacist
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2002190568
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 877
TITLE
  Tools used to help community pharmacists implement comprehensive 
pharmaceutical care.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kassam R.
  Farris K.B.
  Cox C.E.
  Volume C.I.
  Cave A.
  Schopflocher D.P.
  Tessier G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kassam R.; Farris K.B.; Cox C.E.; Volume C.I.; Cave A.; Schopflocher D.P.; 
Tessier G.) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British 
Columbia, Vancouver.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Kassam, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British 
Columbia, Vancouver. Email: rokassam@unixg.ubc.ca
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(1999) 39:6 (843-856). Date of Publication: 1999 Nov-Dec
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To describe the tools and processes used in the practice 
enhancement program (PEP) of the Pharmaceutical Care Research and Education 
Project to enable community pharmacists to acquire the necessary skills, 
knowledge, and attitudes to deliver comprehensive pharmaceutical care to 
elderly ambulatory patients. SETTING: Independent community pharmacies in 
Alberta. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: The PEP was designed to allow self-directed 
learning in a problem-based environment. The intent was for pharmacists to 
apply the knowledge they gained to improve drug therapy outcomes. PRACTICE 
INNOVATION: As a systematic approach to providing care, several tools were 
adapted to help pharmacists execute tasks required by the nine steps of the 
pharmaceutical care process proposed by Helper and Strand. These tools and 
processes facilitated (1) self-directed learning about diseases and drugs, 
(2) acquisition of relevant patient data, (3) a consistent and stepwise 
approach to the identification and resolution of drug-related problems, (4) 
documentation of care provided, and (5) continuity of care. RESULTS: To help 
pharmacists in the PEP acquire the necessary competency to provide 
pharmaceutical care, they were required to use the tools and processes 
described herein to work up and resolve patient problems. Initially, patient 
problems were presented as paper cases covering a range of acute and chronic 
problems, including topics applicable to geriatric patients. This was 
followed by a practicum phase wherein patient problems represented 
individuals from among their clientele. CONCLUSION: The tools and processes 
used in the project increased community pharmacists' competency for 
providing pharmaceutical care, by helping them develop the needed skills, 
knowledge, and attitudes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  algorithm
  article
  attitude to health
  Canada
  female
  geriatrics
  human
  medical record
  organization and management
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  10609451 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10609451)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 878
TITLE
  Characteristics of pharmacies and pharmacists associated with the provision 
of cognitive services in the community setting.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Christensen D.B.
  Hansen R.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Christensen D.B.; Hansen R.W.) Division of Pharmaceutical Policy and 
Evaluative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 
Chapel Hill 27599-7360, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.B. Christensen, Division of Pharmaceutical Policy and Evaluative Sciences, 
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7360, 
USA. Email: dale_christensen@unc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(1999) 39:5 (640-649). Date of Publication: 1999 Sep-Oct
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of payment, pharmacy setting 
characteristics, pharmacist demographics, practice setting, and attitudinal 
characteristics on whether cognitive services (CS) were performed by 
pharmacists, and the volume of CS performed. DESIGN: Prospective randomized 
trial. Community pharmacies were randomized to a documentation-and-payment 
group (study group) and a documentation-only group (control). Participating 
pharmacies and pharmacists were surveyed by mail, and responses were linked 
to a documented CS database. SETTING: Community pharmacies serving 
ambulatory Medicaid patients in the state of Washington, excluding health 
maintenance organization pharmacies and pharmacies predominantly serving 
long-term care residents. PARTICIPANTS: 200 community pharmacies and their 
pharmacists (110 study, 90 control) participating in the Washington State 
Cognitive Activities and Reimbursement Effectiveness (CARE) Project. 
INTERVENTION: Payment for CS. All participants documented CS. Study group 
pharmacies billed Medicaid for services performed in identifying and 
resolving drug therapy-related problems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Documentation 
of CS. RESULTS: Documentation of CS was more likely if the pharmacist was an 
owner or manager, if documentation was not perceived as burdensome, and if 
the pharmacy had a low ratio of prescription to total sales. Higher 
documentation rates were associated with study group status, lower pharmacy 
prescription volume as a percentage of total sales, and a higher percentage 
of prescriptions billed to Medicaid. Among pharmacists, two setting 
variables--medical center location and rural location--were associated with 
higher documentation rates. CONCLUSION: Performance of CS was strongly 
affected by payment and other situational factors, including practice 
setting and volume of prescriptions dispensed. Pharmacies and pharmacists 
were also more likely to perform CS if the target patient population 
represented a relatively large percentage of that pharmacy's patient 
clientele.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  patient education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  medicaid
  statistics
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  10533345 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10533345)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 879
TITLE
  Influence of a financial incentive on cognitive services: CARE project 
design/implementation.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Christensen D.B.
  Holmes G.
  Fassett W.E.
  Neil N.
  Andrilla C.H.
  Smith D.H.
  Andrews A.
  Bell E.J.
  Hansen R.W.
  Shafer R.
  Stergachis A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Christensen D.B.; Holmes G.; Fassett W.E.; Neil N.; Andrilla C.H.; Smith 
D.H.; Andrews A.; Bell E.J.; Hansen R.W.; Shafer R.; Stergachis A.) 
Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, 
Seattle, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.B. Christensen, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of 
Washington, Seattle, USA. Email: dale_christensen@unc.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(1999) 39:5 (629-639). Date of Publication: 1999 Sep-Oct
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To describe the design and methods of the Washington State 
Cognitive Activities and Reimbursement Effectiveness (CARE) Project, a 
demonstration project in which community pharmacies were paid for cognitive 
services (CS) provided to Medicaid patients, its evaluation objectives, and 
the extent to which implementation objectives were achieved. DESIGN: 
Prospective randomized trial. Community pharmacies were allocated to a 
documentation-and-payment group, documentation-only group, and "silent" 
control group. CS were reported using a problem-intervention-result 
classification system embedded within a pseudo-National Drug Code format. 
Management strategies included use of area coordinators. SETTING: Pharmacies 
serving ambulatory Medicaid patients in the state of Washington, excluding 
staff-model health maintenance organization pharmacies and pharmacies 
predominantly serving long-term-care residents. PARTICIPANTS: 200 community 
pharmacies (110 treatment; 90 control), with another 100 randomly selected 
pharmacies as a silent control group. INTERVENTIONS: A modest monthly 
stipend. The treatment group billed Medicaid for each documented CS 
associated with a drug therapy-related problem. All participants received 
training in documentation methods. A unique coding scheme allowed 
documentation of CS within the constraints of the Medicaid program. Data 
edit checks and feedback were used to ensure data quality and completeness. 
Area coordinators were used to facilitate training, compliance with study 
procedures, and participation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rates, 
documentation rates, coding scheme revision, data quality and completeness 
rates, and effectiveness of area coordinators. RESULTS: Pharmacists 
documented more than 20,240 CS records. Approximately 89% of records passed 
edit checks, and 94% did so after modification. Nearly 83% could be linked 
to a paid drug or CS claim. The coding system was sufficient, with minor 
modifications, to account for all interventions documented. Area 
coordinators did not function as expected. CONCLUSION: A system for 
documentation and payment of pharmacists' CS to Medicaid recipients was 
implemented successfully and relatively easily in community pharmacies.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medicaid
  patient education
  reimbursement
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  double blind procedure
  economics
  human
  pharmacy
  prospective study
  randomized controlled trial
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  10533344 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10533344)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 880
TITLE
  A comparative analysis of opinions on the use of illicit drugs by sports 
science, business studies and pharmacy undergraduate students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mottram D.R.
  Minten J.
  Murphy D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mottram D.R.; Minten J.; Murphy D.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, School 
of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, 
Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.R. Mottram, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and 
Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, 
United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy (1999) 16:1 (61-68). Date of 
Publication: 1999
ISSN
  0281-0662
ABSTRACT
  Comparison of opinions of Pharmacy, Sports Science and Business Studies 
students on illicit drug use was investigated using a structured 
questionnaire. Overall, the percentage of students estimated to use illicit 
drugs (52.6%) was double the percentage actually known by respondents to 
take drugs (25.6%). Pharmacy students estimated and knew far fewer drug 
users. In response to a number of statements presented, students generally 
disagreed that there is no harm in seeking excitement through drugs but 
tended to be neutral that it is ethically wrong to take drugs. Illicit drugs 
were perceived as having a risk to health and being able to affect ability 
to perform tasks such as driving. Business Studies students exhibited the 
most liberal attitudes. There was little difference in attitude between 
students based on level of participation in sport and exercise or on gender. 
Consequences for future professional conduct and for drug misuse in sport 
are discussed.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  illicit drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cannabis
  cocaine
  lysergide
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude
  female
  health hazard
  human
  male
  questionnaire
  student
  university
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  lysergide (50-37-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1999252754
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 881
TITLE
  Assessment of drug-related problems in clinical nutrition patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cerulli J.
  Malone M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cerulli J.; Malone M.) Division of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of 
Pharmacy, Albany, NY, United States.
(Cerulli J.) Division of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 
New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3492, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Cerulli, Division of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 
New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3492, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (1999) 23:4 (218-221). Date of 
Publication: 1999
ISSN
  0148-6071
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 8630 Fenton Steet, 
Suite 412, Silver Spring, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Background: Medication use in clinical nutrition patients is affected by 
concomitant disease states and alterations in medication administration and 
delivery. The purpose of this evaluation was to document the number and type 
of drug-related problems that occurred and to evaluate the effect 
pharmacists had on the care of nutrition patients. Methods: Patients were 
evaluated by a pharmacist who was part of the clinical nutrition team. 
Drug-related problems were identified and recommendations were made to 
resolve them. Acceptance of the recommendations and patient outcomes were 
documented. Results: After the evaluation of 440 patients, 220 pharmacist 
interventions were made. Interventions included 35 drug information requests 
and 185 recommendations made to solve identified drug-related problems in 
126 patients. The most frequent drug-related problems were drug interactions 
(33/185) and untreated indications (24/185). Of 185 recommendations, 166 
were accepted, and 19 were accepted with a modification. A total of 132 of 
155 recommendations that were accepted or accepted with modification had a 
positive outcome: 45 patients responded, and 87 patients developed no 
complications. Six patients did not respond to the recommendation, and in 17 
patients the outcome was unknown. Fifty-eight recommendations avoided 
potential adverse drug events. Conclusions: Pharmacist intervention 
identified drug-related problems in almost 30% of clinical nutrition 
patients. The identification and resolution of the problems had a positive 
effect on patient care, as indicated by patient outcome and the avoidance of 
adverse drug events. The drug-related problem approach identified areas in 
which pharmacists can educate the health care team and ensure proper 
medication use in this patient population.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aminoglycoside antibiotic agent (drug dose)
  antacid agent (drug combination, drug interaction)
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent (adverse drug reaction, drug 
therapy)
  calcium (drug combination, drug interaction)
  histamine H2 receptor antagonist (drug administration)
  phenytoin
  quinoline derived antiinfective agent (drug combination, drug interaction)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  nutrition
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug choice
  drug indication
  drug mixture
  enteric feeding
  food drug interaction
  human
  hypotension (side effect)
  patient care
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  tremor (drug therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  calcium (7440-70-2)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1999233372
MEDLINE PMID
  10421391 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10421391)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 882
TITLE
  Anxiety disorders
AUTHOR NAMES
  Leaman T.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Leaman T.L.) 77 Hill Manor Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-2510, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.L. Leaman, 77 Hill Manor Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-2510, United States.
SOURCE
  Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice (1999) 26:2 (197-210). Date of 
Publication: 1999
ISSN
  0095-4543
BOOK PUBLISHER
  W.B. Saunders, Independence Square West, Philadelphia, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Most people with anxiety disorders do not seek professional help of any 
kind, providing primary care physicians a significant opportunity to detect 
these treatable disorders. The earlier they are diagnosed, the better the 
prognosis for treatment and for preventing comorbidity. The majority of 
those patients who do seek help for the relief of these symptoms of anxiety 
disorders do consult primary care physicians. Early diagnosis depends on a 
keen awareness of the possibilities of an anxiety disorder indicated by any 
of the multiplicity of symptoms that patients may experience. A variety of 
patient questionnaires that are intended for use as screening instruments 
are available. These are useful diagnostically, but are perhaps better used 
to monitor the effects of treatment. A much more appropriate technique in 
primary care, in the author's view, is a personalized approach, such as 
described in the BATHE technique. BATHE is an acronym for the essential 
components of an interview, designed to fit smoothly into a 15-minute 
interview. 'This interview format allows the physician to assess the 
background situation, the patient's affect, the problem that is most 
troubling for the patient and the manner in which the patient is handling 
the problem. It concludes with a response that conveys empathy.' A correct 
identification of the primary diagnosis is important, because the choice of 
therapy differs. Secondary diagnoses present additional challenges, and 
therapy may need to be adjusted accordingly. It is essential to remember 
that most anxiety diseases are chronic in nature and long-term monitoring, 
psychotherapy, and drugs may be required. The three elements of treatment, 
psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and patient education are well within the 
province of most primary care physicians. One of the limiting factors is 
time. Practical methods of handling this therapy within a reasonable time 
frame is provided in The Fifteen Minute Hour; Applied Psychotherapy for the 
Primary Care Physician. Patient information materials are available through 
pharmaceutical companies, The American Academy of Family Physicians, or 
several books written for patients. Anxiety disorders, therefore, unless 
there are serious complications or the patient becomes intractable to 
therapy, are really not psychiatric diseases but primary care diseases.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug therapy)
  serotonin uptake inhibitor (drug therapy)
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alprazolam (drug dose, drug therapy)
  amfebutamone (drug dose, drug therapy)
  clonazepam (drug dose, drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (drug dose, drug therapy)
  fluvoxamine (drug dose, drug therapy)
  imipramine (drug dose, drug therapy)
  lorazepam (drug dose, drug therapy)
  monoamine oxidase inhibitor (drug dose, drug therapy)
  paroxetine (drug dose, drug therapy)
  sertraline (drug dose, drug therapy)
  trazodone (drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  anxiety neurosis (drug therapy, epidemiology, etiology, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical feature
  cognitive therapy
  drug dependence (complication)
  empathy
  mental test
  obsession (drug therapy, epidemiology, etiology, therapy)
  panic (drug therapy, epidemiology, therapy)
  patient education
  phobia (drug therapy, epidemiology, etiology, therapy)
  posttraumatic stress disorder (drug therapy, epidemiology, etiology, 
therapy)
  primary medical care
  priority journal
  prognosis
  psychotherapy
  relapse
  review
  screening test
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  fluvoxamine (54739-18-3)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1999205053
MEDLINE PMID
  10318744 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10318744)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 883
TITLE
  A pilot project: Continuing education for pharmacists on substance abuse 
prevention
AUTHOR NAMES
  Graham A.
  Pfeifer J.
  Trumble J.
  Nelson E.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Graham A.) Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western 
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
(Pfeifer J.) Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University 
of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
(Trumble J.) Amer. Acad. of Addiction Psychiatry, Prairie Village, KS, 
United States.
(Nelson E.D.) Dept. Pharmacol. and Cell Biophys., School of Medicine, 
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
(Graham A.) Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 
10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4950, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A. Graham, Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 
10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4950, United States.
SOURCE
  Substance Abuse (1999) 20:1 (33-43). Date of Publication: 1999
ISSN
  0889-7077
ABSTRACT
  The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy advocates that pharmacists 
can have a significant impact on substance abuse prevention provided they 
receive adequate training. Continuing education programs are needed to 
enable practicing pharmacists to augment their limited education. This paper 
examines the process the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM) used 
to develop a pilot continuing education program for pharmacists. With 
limited literature and a small number of pharmacy teaching about substance 
abuse, input on topics and training methods was obtained from a convenience 
sample of practicing pharmacists to enhance the information from the 
pharmacist faculty regarded as content experts. Results of this pilot study 
revealed lack of agreement between faculty and practicing pharmacists 
regarding the prioritizing of content and educational methods. Consequently, 
input must be obtained from targeted audiences instead of relying solely on 
the advice of identified academic content experts when designing continuing 
educational programs. Other professions should consider this process when 
designing continuing education programs. Pharmacists are poised to play an 
important role in the prevention of substance abuse problems, but they need 
continuing education about substance abuse.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  continuing education
  pharmacist
  preventive medicine
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  curriculum
  drug abuse
  education
  family medicine
  health program
  patient care
  professional practice
  training
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1999207475
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021396706202
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 884
TITLE
  Depression in children and adolescents: A guide to diagnosis and treatment
AUTHOR NAMES
  Emslie G.J.
  Mayes T.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Emslie G.J.; Mayes T.L.) Univ. of TX Southwestern Med. Ctr., Children's 
Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States.
(Emslie G.J.) Univ. of TX Southwestern Med. Ctr., 5323 Harry Hines 
Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-8897, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  G.J. Emslie, Texas Univ. Southwestern Med. Ctr., 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, 
Dallas, TX 75235-8897, United States.
SOURCE
  CNS Drugs (1999) 11:3 (181-189). Date of Publication: 1999
ISSN
  1172-7047
ABSTRACT
  Mood disorders are prevalent and serious disorders in children and 
adolescents, often causing substantial difficulties in school performance 
and social relationships. Although the criteria for major depressive 
disorder are the same for children and adolescents as for adults, some 
challenges exist in ascertaining the diagnosis. For example, children often 
have difficulty in expressing or recalling information regarding their 
disorder; therefore, multiple informants (usually parents) must often be 
used to obtain the information. In addition, comorbid diagnoses are common 
in early onset depression, making diagnosis more difficult. However, 
depression is diagnosable in children and adolescents. The treatment of 
depression in this population is multi-modal, including the child, parents 
and school, and is aimed at shortening the episode of depression. Treatment, 
which is individualised based on need, may include psychotherapy, family 
therapy or education, and pharmacological treatment. Selective serotonin (5- 
hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors are generally the first line of 
pharmacological treatment in children and adolescents, as they are well 
tolerated and appear to have fewer adverse effects than antidepressants. As 
with adults, the majority of children and adolescents with depression do 
recover within 1 to 2 years; however, recurrence is common. In fact, the 
recurrence rate is somewhat higher in children and adolescents than in 
adults. Unfortunately, little research has been done regarding maintenance 
treatment in children and adolescents. Further research in this area is 
needed to determine the most effective duration of medication treatment.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  citalopram (drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  fluoxetine (drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  fluvoxamine (drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  paroxetine (drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  sertraline (drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  nefazodone (drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
  venlafaxine (drug dose, drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  depression (diagnosis, drug therapy, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  affective neurosis
  anxiety neurosis (diagnosis, drug therapy)
  brain injury
  child
  differential diagnosis
  dysphoria
  dysthymia
  eating disorder (diagnosis, drug therapy)
  epilepsy
  follow up
  human
  learning disorder
  major clinical study
  medical decision making
  migraine
  priority journal
  psychotherapy
  review
  substance abuse
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  citalopram (59729-33-8)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  fluvoxamine (54739-18-3)
  nefazodone (82752-99-6, 83366-66-9)
  paroxetine (61869-08-7)
  sertraline (79617-96-2)
  venlafaxine (93413-69-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1999112995
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 885
TITLE
  Attitudes and practices of pharmacy managers regarding needle sales to 
injection drug users.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Farley T.A.
  Niccolai L.M.
  Billeter M.
  Kissinger P.J.
  Grace M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Farley T.A.; Niccolai L.M.; Billeter M.; Kissinger P.J.; Grace M.) HIV/STD 
Section, Louisiana Office of Public Health, New Orleans, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.A. Farley, HIV/STD Section, Louisiana Office of Public Health, New 
Orleans, USA.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) 
(1999) 39:1 (23-26). Date of Publication: 1999 Jan-Feb
ISSN
  1086-5802
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To determine Louisiana pharmacy managers' attitudes and practices 
regarding needle and syringe sales to suspected injection drug users (IDUs) 
without prescriptions, and to assess which factors affect their decisions to 
sell nonprescription needles and syringes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail 
survey. SETTING: The six most populous cities of Louisiana. PARTICIPANTS: 
Pharmacy managers with active permits not affiliated with large hospitals or 
institutions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Selling nonprescription needles to 
suspected IDUs, willingness to sell nonprescription needles to suspected 
IDUs, and reasons for not selling nonprescription needles to suspected IDUs. 
RESULTS: Approximately one-fourth of the respondents reported that they had 
sold needles and syringes to suspected IDUs without a prescription. The most 
frequently cited reason for not selling was fear of increasing drug use; 
however, many of these pharmacists reported that they would conduct a sale 
if the customer had a referral from an agency or clinic. CONCLUSION: 
Pharmacists can assist in the prevention of HIV transmission through 
nonprescription needle sales to IDUs. This role can be promoted through 
education of pharmacists and development of referral systems for IDUs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude to health
  needle
  pharmacist
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  cross-sectional study
  female
  health care delivery
  human
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (prevention)
  information processing
  male
  questionnaire
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  9990183 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9990183)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 886
TITLE
  Use of the Internet for addiction education: Combining network therapy with 
pharmacotherapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Galanter M.
  Keller D.S.
  Dermatis H.
  Biderman D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Galanter M.; Keller D.S.; Dermatis H.; Biderman D.) Div. of Alcoholism and 
Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, 
NB20N29, New York, NY 10016, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Galanter, Division of Alcoholism/Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, 
NYU Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal on Addictions (1998) 7:1 (7-13). Date of Publication: 
Winter 1998
ISSN
  1055-0496
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Informa Healthcare, Telephone House, 69 - 77 Paul Street, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  The authors prepared a course in addiction psychiatry for the Internet that 
combines a psychosocial and a medication mo dality for alcoholism; namely, 
network therapy and naltrexone. Responses of those who accessed the course 
revealed 679 counts (visits) at the Web Site. A group of 210 unique 
respondents, of whom 154 were psychiatrists, answered a demo graphic 
question set. Over half of these psychiatrists completed the course and 
evaluated it. The majority indicated that it helped them understand 'a good 
deal' about the management of alcoholism and the use of network therapy and 
naltrexone. This result suggests the feasibility of using the Internet as a 
vehicle for teaching in addiction psychiatry, an area where needs for 
training are often unmet.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  naltrexone (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  Internet
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  alcoholism (drug therapy, therapy)
  article
  human
  medical education
  network therapy
  psychiatry
  teaching
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998091730
MEDLINE PMID
  9522002 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9522002)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 887
TITLE
  Pharmacy access to syringes among injecting drug users: Follow-up findings 
from Hartford, Connecticut
AUTHOR NAMES
  Singer M.
  Baer H.A.
  Scott G.
  Horowitz S.
  Weinstein B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Singer M.; Baer H.A.; Scott G.; Horowitz S.; Weinstein B.) Hispanic Health 
Council, 175 Main Street, Hartford, CT 06106, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Singer, Hispanic Health Council, 175 Main Street, Hartford, CT 06106, 
United States. Email: anthro8566@aol.com
SOURCE
  Public Health Reports (1998) 113:SUPPL. 1 (81-89). Date of Publication: 1998
ISSN
  0033-3549
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Association of Schools of Public Health, 1101 15th Street NW Suite 910, 
Washington, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective. To break the link between drug use and the human immunodeficiency 
virus (HIV), in 1992 the state of Connecticut rescinded a 14-year ban on 
pharmacy sales of syringes without a physician's prescription. In 1993, the 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) evaluated the impact of the 
new legislation on access to syringes among injecting drug users (IDUs) and 
found an initial pattern of expanded access. However, it also found that 
some pharmacies, after negative experiences with IDU customers, reverted to 
requiring a prescription. This chapter reports findings from a four-year 
follow-up study of current IDU access to over-the- counter (OTC) pharmacy 
syringes in Hartford, Connecticut. Methods. Through structured interviews, 
brief telephone interviews, and mailed surveys, data on nonprescription 
syringe sale practices were collected on 27 pharmacies, including 18 of the 
21 pharmacies in Hartford and nine from pharmacies in contiguous towns, 
during June and July 1997. Interview data on pharmacy syringe purchase from 
two samples of IDUs, a group of out-of-treatment injectors recruited through 
street outreach, and a sample of users of the Hartford Needle Exchange 
Program, also are reported. Results. The study found that, while market 
trends as well as negative experiences have further limited pharmacy 
availability of nonprescription syringes, pharmacies remain an important 
source of sterile syringes for IDUs. However, the distribution of access is 
not even; in some areas of the city it is much easier to purchase 
nonprescription syringes than in others. All of the seven pharmacies located 
on the north end of Hartford reported that they had a policy of selling OTC 
syringes, whereas only six (54.5%) of the II pharmacies located on the south 
end have such a policy. Overt racial discrimination was not found to be a 
barrier to OTC access to syringes. Conclusions. To further decrease acquired 
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk among IDUs, there is a need for public 
education to counter empirically unsupported stereotypes about IDUs that 
diminish their access to health care and AIDS prevention resources and 
services. In states or cities where pharmacy sale of nonprescription 
syringes is illegal, policy makers should examine the benefits of removing 
existing barriers to sterile syringe acquisition. In cases in which pharmacy 
sale of nonprescription syringes is legal, local health departments should 
implement educational programs to inform pharmacy staff and management about 
the critically important role low-cost (or cost- free), sterile syringe 
access can play in HIV prevention.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (epidemiology, prevention)
  intravenous drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health care access
  health education
  health program
  law
  management
  marketing
  pharmacy
  prescription
  priority journal
  race
  syringe
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1999247761
MEDLINE PMID
  9722813 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9722813)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 888
TITLE
  Withdrawal after narcotic therapy: A survey of neonatal and pediatric 
clinicians
AUTHOR NAMES
  Scott C.S.
  Decker J.L.
  Edwards M.L.
  Freid E.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Scott C.S.; Decker J.L.) Division of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, 
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
(Freid E.B.) Depts. of Anesth. and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, 
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
(Edwards M.L.) Department of Nursing, Univ. of North Carolina Hospitals, 
Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
(Scott C.S.) CB #7360 Beard Hall, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of N. Carolina 
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.S. Scott, 7360 Beard Hall, School of Pharmacy, University of North 
Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, United States.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (1998) 18:6 I (1308-1312). Date of Publication: 
November/December 1998
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc., 750 Washington Street, Boston, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacists at the 1995 American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pediatric 
Practice and Research Network meeting volunteered to act as coordinators at 
their sites and survey pediatric and neonatal nurses, pharmacists, and 
physicians regarding dependency in neonatal and pediatric patients after 
therapeutic administration of narcotics. Thirteen (60%) of 21 coordinators 
returned 244 surveys. Primary symptoms of withdrawal reported by clinicians 
were agitation (100%), irritability (100%), inconsolability (100%), crying 
(99%), tremors (98%), high heart rate (98%), fidgets (98%), high blood 
pressure (97%), less sleep (96%), and sweating (94%). Most clinicians 
considered narcotic withdrawal to be a problem (74%) that should be treated 
(87%). A dependency scale is being developed and will include symptoms 
reported by more than 75% of respondents.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic agent (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic dependence
  newborn care
  withdrawal syndrome (side effect)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug induced disease (side effect)
  human
  hypertension (side effect)
  irritability
  newborn
  physical examination
  review
  sleep disorder (side effect)
  sweating
  symptomatology
  tachycardia (side effect)
  tremor (side effect)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (7)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998397801
MEDLINE PMID
  9855332 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9855332)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 889
TITLE
  Clinical and regulatory concerns in Alzheimer's disease management: Role of 
the pharmacist
AUTHOR NAMES
  Feinberg M.V.
  Michocki R.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Feinberg M.V., feinberg@pharmacy.ab.umd.edu) Elder Health Program, Dept. of 
Pharm. Practice and Science, University of Maryland (UM), Baltimore, MD, 
United States.
(Michocki R.J.) Department of Family Medicine, UM, .
(Feinberg M.V., feinberg@pharmacy.ab.umd.edu) Dept. of Pharm. Practice and 
Science, 506 West Fayette Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.V. Feinberg, Dept. of Pharmacy Practice/Science, 506 West Fayette Street, 
Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. Email: feinberg@pharmacy.ab.umd.edu
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (1998) 55:21 SUPPL. (S26-S31). 
Date of Publication: 1 Nov 1998
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  The role of the pharmacist in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is 
discussed. Health-system pharmacists can play a critical role in the 
management of AD, provided they remain up-to-date on new drug therapies, 
recent clinical findings, and educational resources for caregivers and 
families. Pharmacists in a long-term-care setting must know and apply the 
federal regulations set forth in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 
1987. Pharmacists have an excellent opportunity to optimize pharmacotherapy 
by carefully reviewing treatment regimens to identify potential drug-related 
problems. These might include improper drug selection, inappropriate dosage, 
adverse drug reactions, and interactions. Pharmacists should encourage the 
use of cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with mild to moderate AD and 
should monitor such therapy by interacting with nurses, physicians, and 
caregivers. AD patients not only suffer cognitive decline but may have 
psychiatric and behavioral disturbances, which can be especially problematic 
for the caregiver. When possible, these disturbances should be managed by 
nonpharmacologic strategies, such as environmental changes and behavior 
modification. The pharmacist can recommend and monitor the use of 
psychotropic agents for psychiatric and behavioral symptoms that do not 
respond to nonpharmacologic strategies. These drugs must be carefully 
selected and monitored, and gradual dosage reductions must be periodically 
attempted. Finally, pharmacists should provide caregivers and families with 
education, emotional support, and referrals. Pharmacists who are well- 
grounded in the regulatory and clinical issues surrounding AD can play a 
major role in managing this illness.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antidepressant agent (drug therapy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology)
  neuroleptic agent (drug therapy, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiarrhythmic agent
  anticonvulsive agent
  antiemetic agent
  antihistaminic agent
  antihypertensive agent
  benzodiazepine
  cholinergic receptor blocking agent
  decongestive agent
  digoxin
  diuretic agent
  histamine H2 receptor antagonist
  hypnotic sedative agent
  narcotic agent
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
  thyroid hormone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Alzheimer disease (disease management, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  caregiver
  cognition
  conference paper
  cost effectiveness analysis
  drug effect
  enzyme inhibition
  human
  nursing home
  patient care
  pharmacist
  priority journal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998377493
MEDLINE PMID
  9809109 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9809109)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 890
TITLE
  ASHP statement on the pharmacist's role in substance abuse prevention, 
education, and assistance
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baldwin J.N.
  Alexander J.W.
  Dole E.J.
  Ryan G.
  Hirning F.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baldwin J.N.; Alexander J.W.; Dole E.J.; Ryan G.; Hirning F.C.)
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (1998) 55:16 (1721-1724). Date of 
Publication: 15 Aug 1998
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  pharmacist
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  education
  health care organization
  health care system
  morbidity
  priority journal
  responsibility
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Pharmacy (39)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998286507
MEDLINE PMID
  9740911 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9740911)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 891
TITLE
  Use of the inhalant lanca by Brazilian medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mesquita A.M.
  De Andrade A.G.
  Anthony J.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mesquita A.M.) Orient. Assit. Prog. Dependent P., Masters Prog. Dept. 
Psychiat. M., Fed. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
(De Andrade A.G.) Alcohol Drug Dependence I., Psychiat. Inst. Hosp. das 
Clinicas, Fed. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
(Anthony J.C.) Department of Mental Hygiene, School of Hygiene and Public 
Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.M. Mesquita, PROAD, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao 
Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
SOURCE
  Substance Use and Misuse (1998) 33:8 (1667-1680). Date of Publication: 1998
ISSN
  1082-6084
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Informa Healthcare, 69-77 Paul Street, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  In a recent epidemiological survey of more than 700 Brazilian medical 
students, we found new evidence on a previously reported pattern of the 
'lanka perfume' inhalant drug use. With multiple logistic regression used to 
hold constant an array of suspected correlates, we found a moderately strong 
association between the use of marijuana and the use of lanka (adjusted odds 
ratio, OR = 5.6; p < .01). We also found that lanka is almost never used by 
students who have never consumed alcoholic beverages. This pattern of 
associations can be used to guide the planning of programs to reduce the 
occurrence of illicit use of pharmaceutical compounds by medical students in 
Brazil.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  alcohol abuse
  article
  cannabis addiction
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical student
  priority journal
  statistical analysis
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998235544
MEDLINE PMID
  9680087 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9680087)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 892
TITLE
  Optimizing smoking cessation strategies.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Andrews J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Andrews J.) Department of Veterans Affairs, Augusta, Ga., USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Andrews, Department of Veterans Affairs, Augusta, Ga., USA.
SOURCE
  The Nurse practitioner (1998) 23:8 (47-48, 51-52, 57-58 passim). Date of 
Publication: Aug 1998
ISSN
  0361-1817
ABSTRACT
  Smoking cigarettes remains the leading cause of preventable illnesses and 
premature deaths in the United States. Although approximately half of living 
Americans who have ever smoked have quit, recent studies show that more than 
70% of current smokers would like to stop smoking. Health care providers can 
enhance smoking cessation in their clients by performing assessments of both 
the physical and psychologic addictive aspects of smoking as well as past 
and current cessation barriers. Based on the assessment, the clinician 
should formulate a treatment plan by individualizing appropriate education, 
counseling, motivation, and pharmacologic support. This article reviews the 
prevalence and hazards of smoking and supplies health care providers with 
interventions to assist clients in becoming and remaining nonsmokers.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  patient education
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  review
  teaching
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  9718601 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9718601)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 893
TITLE
  Peer education of pharmacists and supplying pharmacies with IDU packets to 
increase injection drug users' access to sterile syringes in Connecticut [7]
AUTHOR NAMES
  Weinstein B.
  Toce P.
  Katz D.
  Ryan L.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Weinstein B.; Toce P.; Katz D.; Ryan L.L.) AIDS Programs, Connecticut Dept. 
of Public Health, Hartford, CT, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Weinstein, AIDS Programs, Connecticut Dept. of Public Health, Hartford, 
CT, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 
(1998) 18:SUPPL. (S146-S147). Date of Publication: 1 Jul 1998
ISSN
  1077-9450
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, United 
States.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (epidemiology, prevention)
  intravenous drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  education
  human
  infection prevention
  infection risk
  letter
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  priority journal
  syringe
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998221157
MEDLINE PMID
  9663643 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9663643)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 894
TITLE
  Pharmacists' attitudes about pharmacy sale of needles/syringes and needle 
exchange programs in a city without needle/syringe prescription laws
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gleghorn A.A.
  Gee G.
  Vlahov D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gleghorn A.A.; Gee G.) Dept. of Hlth. Plcy. and Management, Johns Hopkins 
University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Vlahov D.) Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of 
Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Gleghorn A.A.) S. Francisco Dept. of Public Health, Community Substance 
Abuse Services, 1380 Howard Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94103, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.A. Gleghorn, San Francisco Dept. of Public Health, Community Substance 
Abuse Services, 1380 Howard Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94103, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 
(1998) 18:SUPPL. (S89-S93). Date of Publication: 1 Jul 1998
ISSN
  1077-9450
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  We assessed pharmacists' practices for needle and syringe (NS) sales and 
their attitudes toward a needle exchange program through a telephone survey 
of 75 randomly selected pharmacies in Baltimore, Maryland, where possession 
of drug paraphernalia is illegal but where NS can be purchased without a 
prescription. Pharmacists' (n = 46) procedures for NS sales included asking 
for picture identification (54%), requiring a prescription (34%), or 
requiring a diabetic identification (DID, 34%) for NS purchase; multiple 
responses were allowed. The median number of prescription and 
nonprescription NS sold per month was 950. Most (86.6%) pharmacists reported 
selling NS without prescriptions at their discretion. Pharmacists sold a 
median of 16 nonprescription NS per month. Pharmacists who required 
prescriptions or DID (56.5%) sold nonprescription NS significantly less 
often than those who did not require prescriptions or DID (p = .007). Most 
pharmacists (87%) were aware of the needle exchange program, 78.3% supported 
the program, and 67.4% supported selling nonprescription NS in pharmacies. 
Although there was no difference in anticipated effects of needle exchange 
or in support for needle exchange between pharmacists who did or did not 
require prescriptions, DID, or both, pharmacists who did require then items 
were significantly less likely to support pharmacy sales of nonprescription 
NS than pharmacists with less restrictive sales policies (p = .04). Although 
most pharmacists surveyed supported access to sterile NS by injection drug 
users through a needle exchange program, there was a diversity of approaches 
to nonprescription NS sales among pharmacists in a city that does not 
require prescriptions for access to sterile NS. Most supported nonpharmacy 
needle exchange programs, and more than one half limited injection drug 
users' access to NS through restrictive sales practices. To reduce injection 
drag users' exposure to HIV, pharmacists should he educated about HIV 
prevention and injection drug use and he included in development of HIV 
prevention programs, including legal pharmacy NS sales.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (epidemiology, prevention)
  intravenous drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude
  health program
  human
  infection prevention
  infection risk
  law
  needle
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  prescription
  priority journal
  syringe
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998221144
MEDLINE PMID
  9663630 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9663630)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 895
TITLE
  Access to sterile syringes in Maine: Pharmacy practice after the 1993 repeal 
of the syringe prescription law
AUTHOR NAMES
  Case P.
  Beckett G.A.
  Stephen Jones T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Case P., pcase@hsph.harvard.edu) Department of Social Medicine, Harvard 
Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
(Beckett G.A.) Maine Bureau of Health, Augusta, ME, United States.
(Stephen Jones T.) Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Atlanta, GA, United 
States.
(Case P., pcase@hsph.harvard.edu) Department of Social Medicine, Harvard 
Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Case, Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 
Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Email: 
pcase@hsph.harvard.edu
SOURCE
  Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 
(1998) 18:SUPPL. (S94-S101). Date of Publication: 1 Jul 1998
ISSN
  1077-9450
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  In October 1993, the Maine legislature repealed the prescription law 
regulating the sale of syringes. The new law allowed but did not require 
licensed pharmacists to dispense syringes without a prescription to anyone 
18 years of age or older. From November 1995 to January 1996, we conducted a 
telephone survey of 208 Maine pharmacists to evaluate the sale of syringes 
with and without a prescription and to assess pharmacists' willingness to 
sell syringes without a prescription. We found that 94% of pharmacists were 
willing, in all cases or at the discretion of the pharmacist, to sell 
syringes without a prescription. However, when asked specifically about 
willingness to sell syringes without a prescription to suspected injection 
drug users (IDUs) ≤18 years of age, 47% were willing, 40% were not willing, 
and 13% did not know or declined to answer. Pharmacists reported other 
requirements for the purchase of syringes without a prescription, such as 
the requirement for the customer to provide a reasonable justification for 
the purchase. In all, there were 31 (15%) pharmacists in the sample willing 
to sell syringes to without a prescription with no additional requirements 
for purchase to suspected IDUs as permitted by law. There were few negative 
incidents reported involving IDUs and the sale of syringes without a 
prescription since amendment of the law. Although sales of syringes without 
a prescription were reported, the numbers sold fell short of the estimated 
number of syringes required for IDUs in Maine to use a new syringe for every 
injection. Despite the change in the prescription law intended to increase 
access to syringes, the data suggest barriers such as drug paraphernalia 
laws and pharmacy policies may prevent IDUs from purchasing syringes and 
contribute to ongoing transmission of HIV. Amendment of the drug 
paraphernalia and syringe possession laws, clarification of the legitimate 
medical purpose of access to sterile syringes for IDUs, and offering 
pharmacists continuing education on the prevention of blood-borne disease 
appear to be necessary steps in the effort to decrease the transmission of 
HIV among IDUs in Maine.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (epidemiology, prevention)
  intravenous drug abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  infection prevention
  infection risk
  law
  pharmacy
  prescription
  priority journal
  professional practice
  syringe
  virus transmission
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998221145
MEDLINE PMID
  9663631 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9663631)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 896
TITLE
  Medical student knowledge of morphine for the management of cancer pain
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sloan P.A.
  Montgomery C.
  Musick D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sloan P.A.; Montgomery C.; Musick D.) Department of Anesthesiology, Univ. 
of Kentucky Coll. of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.A. Sloan, Department of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Kentucky, Coll. of 
Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (1998) 15:6 (359-364). Date of 
Publication: June 1998
ISSN
  0885-3924
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Inadequate training of physicians contributes to the undertreatmet of cancer 
pain. To address these concerns, the University of Kentucky has introduced a 
4-week course for final-year medical students that teaches the principles of 
clinical pharmacology and pain management. The purposes of this study are to 
assess the knowledge deficits of final-year medical students about the use 
of morphine for cancer pain and to assess the efficacy of a short course on 
cancer pain management. Eighty-six final-year medical students completed a 
22-item questionnaire assessing their knowledge and attitudes toward the use 
of morphine for cancer pain. Students indicated their agreement with each 
statement on a four-point scale (one, strongly disagree; four, strongly 
agree). All students then completed a compulsory short course on pain 
management. The course content included a 1-hr lecture on chronic 
nonmalignant pain, a 1-hr lecture on acute pain management, and a 1-hr 
lecture on cancer pain management. In addition, students completed 
small-group, problem-based learning modules on several aspects of pain 
management. After the course, all students completed the same 22-item 
survey. The alpha reliability score of the pretest instrument was 0.55, and 
the posttest reliability was 0.86. Upon course completion, students agreed 
most strongly (mean ± SEM) that morphine should be given on a regular 
schedule for cancer pain (3.41 ± 0.08), that cancer pain management 
frequently requires co-analgesics (3.36 ± 0.06), and that patients with good 
pain relief function better than those with continuing pain (3.39 ± 0.08). A 
comparison of pretest and posttest means on specific items suggested that 
the greatest amount of learning took place in the following content areas: 
morphine is a good oral analgesic; increases in cancer pain should be 
treated by increasing the morphine dose; respiratory depression is not a 
concern for cancer pain patients; and morphine can be used over a wide range 
of doses. The regular use of morphine was recognized as the treatment drug 
of choice for cancer pain. The students showed improved knowledge scores on 
ten of the 22 items on the posttest survey. A significant increase in 
learning occurred on six knowledge and attitude items. On only one item 
(nausea as a side effect of morphine) did the knowledge scores decrease on 
the posttest. A significant minority (40%) of senior medical students had 
deficits in knowledge about the use of morphine for cancer pain. The risk of 
addiction, respiratory depression, and tolerance were misunderstood by a 
significant minority (25 %) of students.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  morphine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cancer pain (drug therapy)
  medical student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude
  cancer palliative therapy
  clinical education
  drug dependence
  drug indication
  human
  medical education
  nausea (side effect)
  respiration depression (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cancer (16)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998238605
MEDLINE PMID
  9670636 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9670636)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(98)00018-9
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 897
TITLE
  Use of antipsychotic drugs in nursing homes: Current compliance with OBRA 
regulations
AUTHOR NAMES
  Llorente M.D.
  Olsen E.J.
  Leyva O.
  Silverman M.A.
  Lewis J.E.
  Rivero J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Llorente M.D.; Olsen E.J.; Leyva O.; Silverman M.A.; Lewis J.E.; Rivero J.) 
University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
(Llorente M.D.; Olsen E.J.; Leyva O.; Rivero J.) UPBEAT Program, Miami Vet. 
Admin. Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States.
(Llorente M.D.; Olsen E.J.; Leyva O.; Silverman M.A.; Rivero J.) Miami Vet. 
Admin. Medical Center, Geriatric Res., Educ. and Clin. Ctr., Miami, FL, 
United States.
(Llorente M.D.) UPBEAT, Dept. of Psychiatric, Vet.' Administration Medical 
Center, 1201 NW 16 St., Miami, FL 33125, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.D. Llorente, UPBEAT, Psychia. Vet. Admin. Med. Ctr. Dept., 1201 NW 16 St., 
Miami, FL 33125, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (1998) 46:2 (198-201). Date of 
Publication: February 1998
ISSN
  0002-8614
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, United States.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To examine the degree and patterns of compliance with the Omnibus 
Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) regulations regarding the use of 
antipsychotic drugs in nursing homes. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 
all resident records. PARTICIPANTS: Eight nursing homes: five community, two 
county-owned, and one university-affiliated Veterans Administration 
facility. MEASUREMENTS: A structured assessment instrument to track 
compliance with each aspect of the OBRA regulations regarding antipsychotic 
drug use. RESULTS: A total of 1573 nursing home residents' pharmacy records 
were reviewed between August 1994 and March 1996. Two hundred seventy-nine 
residents were actively taking antipsychotic medications (prevalence = 
17.7%). Mean compliance greater than 70% was found for (1) appropriate 
diagnostic indication (X̄ = 70.9%), (2) dosage within recommended limits (X̄ 
= 90.1%), and 3) documented appropriate target symptoms (X̄ = 90.4%). 
Dosages were more likely to exceed limits in those patients with histories 
of major mental illness, particularly schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing 
homes were better able to comply with those guidelines that are most 
specific. Educational interventions now need to focus on behavioral 
interventions, monitoring of adverse effects, and efficacy. These data are 
useful in establishing threshold levels of performance and can be used by 
nursing homes for continuous quality improvement. OBRA continues to impact 
neuroleptic drug prescribing practices in nursing homes significantly.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  neuroleptic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug legislation
  drug misuse
  nursing home
  schizophrenia (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  aggression
  agitation
  article
  behavior therapy
  clinical practice
  cost control
  drug effect
  drug indication
  elderly care
  health education
  human
  major clinical study
  paranoia (epidemiology, side effect)
  practice guideline
  prevalence
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1998058235
MEDLINE PMID
  9475449 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9475449)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 898
TITLE
  Pharmacists' opinions and practices related to the sale of cigarettes and 
alcohol - A follow-up study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kotecki J.E.
  Torabi M.R.
  Elanjian S.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kotecki J.E.) Department of Physiology Science, Ball State University, .
(Torabi M.R.) Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, .
(Elanjian S.I.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University, .
(Kotecki J.E.) Department of Physiology Science, Ball State University, 
Muncie, IN 47306, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.E. Kotecki, Dept. of Physiol. and Health Science, Ball State University, 
Muncie, IN 47306, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Community Health (1997) 22:6 (469-479). Date of Publication: 1997
ISSN
  0094-5145
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Kluwer Academic Publishers, Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
  Opinions that pharmacists hold and their practices concerning sale of 
cigarettes and alcohol are of interest to health experts. As a follow-up to 
a 1990 statewide survey of pharmacists opinions and practices related to the 
sale of cigarettes and alcohol, this study was designed (1) to determine 
current opinions and practices of pharmacists' related to the sale of 
cigarettes and alcohol; (2) compare these findings with results from the 
1990 study; and (3) to gather new information on pharmacists' practice of 
health promotion activities. A structured survey questionnaire was designed 
and reviewed by a jury of experts and subsequently administered to hair of 
the 1340 pharmacies in Indiana. Collected data were analyzed by using 
descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Findings reveal that 64 
percent of responding pharmacists sell cigarettes in their stores even 
though 82 percent think that their stores should not sell cigarettes. 
Approximately 42 percent of the pharmacies sell alcoholic beverages while 
more than two-thirds of the pharmacists (68%) think pharmacies should not 
sell alcoholic beverages. These findings represent a decline of 7.2 percent 
in pharmacies that sell cigarettes and a 6.8 percent increase in pharmacies 
selling alcoholic beverages compared to the 1990 study. Study results also 
revealed that most pharmacists agree the use of cigarettes and alcohol were 
important causes of morbidity and mortality and that pharmacists should play 
a role in health promotion and disease prevention to the public. However, 
the majority do not ask their patients about their smoking and alcohol 
habits and do not participate in health education/promotion programs for the 
general community.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health promotion
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  alcohol consumption
  article
  attitude
  drug marketing
  human
  normal human
  professional practice
  smoking
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997369620
MEDLINE PMID
  9403403 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9403403)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 899
TITLE
  Pain knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers: Practice 
characteristic differences
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lebovits A.H.
  Florence I.
  Bathina R.
  Hunko V.
  Fox M.T.
  Bramble C.Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lebovits A.H.) Pain Management Center, Department of Anesthesiology, New 
York University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
(Florence I.; Bathina R.) Pain Management Service, Department of 
Anesthesiology, State Univ. New York Hlth. Sci. C.B., Brooklyn, NY, United 
States.
(Hunko V.) Department of Quality Management, Kings County Hospital Center, 
Brooklyn, NY, United States.
(Fox M.T.; Bramble C.Y.) Department of Nursing, Kings County Hospital 
Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.
(Lebovits A.H.) Pain Management Center, Department of Anesthesiology, New 
York University Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.H. Lebovits, Pain Management Center, Department of Anesthesiology, New 
York University Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Clinical Journal of Pain (1997) 13:3 (237-243). Date of Publication: 1997
ISSN
  0749-8047
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of different healthcare 
professionals regarding pain issues such as addiction, the assessment of 
pain, scheduling, use of analgesics, and pediatric pain. Additionally, to 
determine whether differences exist based on hospital setting, years of 
service, clinical practice area, and country of origin. Design: A total of 
686 nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and medical/nursing students from three 
hospitals completed a 17-item survey evaluating knowledge and beliefs about 
pain. Setting: The three hospital settings were a large city hospital, a 
private community hospital, and a state medical school- based hospital. 
Results: The overall percentage 'correct' score was only 56%. Physicians 
scored significantly higher, and pharmacists scored significantly lower than 
other groups. Nurses scored significantly less concordantly than physicians 
on 11 of the 17 items. Those identifying anesthesiology as their clinical 
practice area scored significantly higher than all other areas, whereas 
those practicing within medicine demonstrated significantly more 'correct' 
scores than those in surgery. City hospital respondents scored significantly 
lower than professionals practicing in the other two hospitals; non-U.S. 
country of origin professionals scored significantly lower than U.S. country 
of origin healthcare professionals. There were no significant differences 
based on postgraduate years of practice. Conclusions: Significant knowledge 
deficits regarding currently accepted principles of pain management practice 
as well as beliefs that could interfere with optimal care, mandate a need 
for educational interventions. Significant differences by profession, 
clinical practice area, and hospital setting reflect populations to be 
targeted for interventions. Unwarranted fear of addiction is a misunderstood 
and important concept that needs to be addressed.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude
  health care personnel
  pain
  professional practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  addiction
  analgesia
  article
  clinical practice
  drug use
  medical student
  nurse
  pharmacist
  physician
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Anesthesiology (24)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997380849
MEDLINE PMID
  9303256 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9303256)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199709000-00009
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 900
TITLE
  Journal interview - 40. Conversation with Avram Goldstein
AUTHOR NAMES
  Goldstein A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Goldstein A.)
SOURCE
  Addiction (1997) 92:10 (1241-1254). Date of Publication: 1997
ISSN
  0965-2140
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  In this occasional series we record the views and personal experience of 
people who have specially contributed to the evolution of ideas in the 
Journal's field of interest. Avram Goldstein, MD, is Professor Emeritus of 
Pharmacology at Stanford University. He is a pharmacologist and 
neuroscientist who has made fundamental contributions to research on 
addictive drugs. He has contributed substantially to clinical research, to 
technological advances and to thinking on policy. In the midst of these 
activities he found time to qualify as a pilot and write books on flying. 
Our interview tries to probe the question of how so productively he finds 
time to lead several lives at once.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical research
  drug dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  health care policy
  human
  interview
  medical school
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997338803
MEDLINE PMID
  9489042 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9489042)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02844.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 901
TITLE
  Formulation and stability of naltrexone oral liquid for rapid withdrawal 
from methadone
AUTHOR NAMES
  Fawcett J.P.
  Morgan N.C.
  Woods D.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Fawcett J.P., paul.fawcett@stonebow.otago.ac.nz; Woods D.J.) School of 
Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
(Morgan N.C.) School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, .
(Woods D.J.) Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand.
(Fawcett J.P., paul.fawcett@stonebow.otago.ac.nz) School of Pharmacy, 
University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.P. Fawcett, School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, 
New Zealand.
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (1997) 31:11 (1291-1295). Date of Publication: 
November 1997
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To assess the stability of naltrexone oral liquid prepared from 
tablets and powder, and to evaluate its use in precipitating rapid 
withdrawal from methadone. DESIGN: Naltrexone 1 mg/mL oral liquids were 
prepare from tablets and powder and stored in the dark at 4, 25, and 70 °C. 
Similar formulations containing 5 mg/mL were stored at 70 °C. The 1-mg/mL 
formulation prepared from tablets was clinically evaluated in inducing rapid 
withdrawal in two drug-dependent individuals receiving methadone maintenance 
treatment using a naltrexone dose titration protocol. SETTING: A university 
pharmacy school and affiliated urban teaching hospital. MAIN OUTCOME 
MEASURES: Samples removed at six time points were analyzed for naltrexone 
concentration to assess decomposition over 90 days. An opioid withdrawal 
symptom checklist was used to assess the severity of the withdrawal symptoms 
prior to, and 30 minutes after, each dose of naltrexone. RESULTS: 
Decomposition of naltrexone in all formulations stored at 4 and 25 °C was 
not significant over 90 days. Both patients tolerated naltrexone 1 mg/mL 
oral liquid, but found it bitter and gritty. Withdrawal symptoms were 
experienced immediately after the first dose, but were resolving by the end 
of day 3 of naltrexone treatment, at which stage both patients were able to 
tolerate a 50-mg tablet of naltrexone as maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: 
Naltrexone 1 mg/mL oral liquids prepared from tablets or powder are stable 
when stored in the dark for 60 days at 4 °C and for 30 days at 25 °C. The 
formulation prepared from tablets provides flexible dosing in patients 
undergoing rapid withdrawal from methadone.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methadone (drug dose, pharmacokinetics)
  naltrexone (drug administration, drug dose, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug formulation
  drug withdrawal
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  data analysis
  decomposition
  dose response
  high performance liquid chromatography
  human
  maintenance therapy
  oral drug administration
  priority journal
  titrimetry
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  trexan  , United StatesDuPont

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)DuPont
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Spanish, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997360527
MEDLINE PMID
  9391680 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9391680)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 902
TITLE
  Perceptions of United Kingdom pharmacy lecturers about teaching 
pharmaceutical care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Winit-Watjana W.
  Greene R.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Winit-Watjana W.; Greene R.J.) Department of Pharmacy, King's College 
London, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LX, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W. Winit-Watjana, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Manresa 
Road, London, SW3 6LX, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice (1997) 5:3 (133-140). Date of 
Publication: Sep 1997
ISSN
  0961-7671
ABSTRACT
  Pharmaceutical care is now regarded as the primary mission of pharmacy 
practice. To help ensure that this mission is fulfilled, pharmacy students 
need the clinical knowledge and skills that underlie pharmaceutical care, 
and pharmacy academics need to be aware of this concept and its 
applications. A survey was conducted of British pharmacy lecturers' views on 
teaching pharmaceutical care. Correlations between lecturers' 
characteristics (sex, teaching commitment and teaching experience) and the 
use of computer-aided learning (CAL) in teaching pharmaceutical care were 
also evaluated. Self-completion questionnaires were sent to 16 heads of 
departments of pharmacy practice, or their equivalent, for distribution. 
There was a 40 per cent response rate. Perceptions varied considerably in 
terms of the definition of pharmaceutical care the difference between 
clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care, the application in practice 
settings, drug-related problems, knowledge and skills required and the 
barriers to teaching pharmaceutical care. Lecturers' characteristics were 
not related to views on either the use of CAL generally or the potential use 
of CAL in teaching pharmaceutical care. Many respondents agreed that a CAL 
program could be used to supplement pharmaceutical care teaching. Further 
studies on pharmaceutical care teaching are suggested.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical pharmacy
  clinical practice
  computer system
  female
  human
  male
  perception
  pharmacy
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  teaching
  United Kingdom
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997362783
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 903
TITLE
  Pharmacist's management of drug-related problems: A tool for teaching and 
providing pharmaceutical care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Winslade N.E.
  Bajcar J.M.
  Bombassaro A.-M.
  Caravaggio C.D.
  Strong D.K.
  Yamashita S.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Winslade N.E.; Bajcar J.M.; Caravaggio C.D.; Strong D.K.; Yamashita S.K.) 
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Winslade N.E.; Yamashita S.K.) Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, 
Ont., Canada.
(Caravaggio C.D.) Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Strong D.K.) Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Bajcar J.M.) St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Bombassaro A.-M.) London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont., Canada.
(Winslade N.E.) Hortensialaan 41, 3702 VE Zeist, Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  N.E. Winslade, Hortensialaan 41, 3702 VE Zeist, Netherlands.
SOURCE
  Pharmacotherapy (1997) 17:4 (801-809). Date of Publication: July/August 1997
ISSN
  0277-0008
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Pharmacotherapy Publications Inc., 750 Washington Street, Boston, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  During the development of education and practice models based on the 
philosophy of pharmaceutical care (PC), six pharmacists worked with the 
University of Toronto Faculty of Pharmacy to implement the PC model in their 
practice sites. These pharmacists found it necessary to modify existing 
tools to create one that explicitly guided them through the PC process, 
including the phase of monitoring patients for desired outcomes. This 
resulted in the development of the Pharmacist's Management of Drug Related 
Problems. This tool requires pharmacists to collect patient drug and medical 
data and write responses to specific questions about the data to interpret 
their significance. As proficiency in providing PC is attained, the 
questions and space for written responses can be eliminated, leaving a 
comprehensive documentation system of patient outcomes and the data 
collected, recommendations made, and monitoring completed by the pharmacist. 
This tool has been adopted by the University of Toronto Faculty of Pharmacy 
and is being used in various continuing education programs and by practicing 
pharmacists across Canada.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical education
  education program
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  Canada
  continuing education
  human
  medical record
  paramedical education
  patient monitoring
  pharmacy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997227920
MEDLINE PMID
  9250561 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9250561)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 904
TITLE
  Visual symbolization as a learning tool: Teaching pharmacology to 
international audiences
AUTHOR NAMES
  Giannini A.J.
  Giannini J.N.
  Melemis S.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Giannini A.J.) Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., Columbus, OH, United States.
(Giannini J.N.) Poland Seminary, Poland, OH, United States.
(Melemis S.M.) Doctor's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Giannini A.J.) 721 Boardman-Poland Road, Boardman, OH 44512, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.J. Giannini, 721 Boardman-Poland Road, Boardman, OH 44512, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1997) 37:7 (559-565). Date of Publication: 
July 1997
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Medieval and Renaissance teaching techniques used linkage between course 
content and tangentially related visual symbols to reinforce lectures. This 
technique was adopted in teaching pharmacologic principles of addiction to 
international audiences. It produced significant results with non-English- 
speaking audiences using concurrent or consecutive translation. This 
technique may be useful for non-English-speaking audiences because of 
enhancement of all three areas of memory: attention, storage, and retrieval.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug research
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  education
  learning
  review
  symbolism
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997317801
MEDLINE PMID
  9243348 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9243348)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 905
TITLE
  Recognition
AUTHOR NAMES
  Beavers N.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Beavers N.)
SOURCE
  Drug Topics (1997) 141:8 (55). Date of Publication: 1997
ISSN
  0012-6616
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine (drug therapy)
  nicotine gum (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  accreditation
  pharmacist
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  fee
  human
  note
  patient counseling
  pharmacy benefit manager
  withdrawal syndrome (complication, drug therapy, prevention)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  nicoderm  SmithKline Beecham

  nicorette  SmithKline Beecham

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  SmithKline Beecham
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  nicotine gum (96055-45-7)
  nicotine (54-11-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997142443
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 906
TITLE
  Lack of cross-reactivity of Ambien (zolpidem) with drugs in standard urine 
drug screens
AUTHOR NAMES
  Piergies A.A.
  Sainati S.
  Roth-Schechter B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Piergies A.A.) Evanston (III) Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, 
Evanston, IL 60201, United States.
(Sainati S.) Lorex Pharmaceuticals, Skokie, IL, United States.
(Roth-Schechter B.) Boston Research and Science Consulting, Dover, MA, 
United States.
(Piergies A.A.) Evanston Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, 2650 Ridge 
Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.A. Piergies, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Evanston Hospital, 2650 Ridge 
Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, United States.
SOURCE
  Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (1997) 121:4 (392-394). Date 
of Publication: 1997
ISSN
  0003-9985
BOOK PUBLISHER
  College of American Pathologists, 325 Waukegan Road, Northfield, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Objective. To determine in healthy volunteers (men and women; 18 to 40 years 
old) the potential cross-reactivity of Ambien (zolpidem) and/or its 
metabolites with drugs that are screened by the Syva EMIT II and the Abbott 
AD(x) urine drug screens assays. Design. Open-label, fixed-treatment 
sequence of 1 night each of treatment with zolpidem (10 mg) and temazepam 
(15 mg). Setting. Clinical Pharmacology Unit within a teaching hospital. 
Main Outcome Measures. Over a 24-hour period, presence or absence of 
positive results on the Syva EMIT II or the Abbott AD(x) urine drug assay 
system, each performed at two different laboratory assay sites. Results. 
Following ingestion of zolpidem, no subject had any positive response in 
either laboratory to the Syva EMIT II or the Abbott AD(x) urine drug screen 
assays at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postdose. During the same time period, 
all subjects had measurable zolpidem plasma concentrations at 1.5 and 8 
hours postdose, with mean concentrations of 115.2 ng/mL and 30.1 ng/mL, 
respectively (in agreement with its half-life of 2.5 hours). The positive 
response rate at 10 hours after ingestion of Restoril (temazepam) among the 
four laboratory/assay combinations ranged from 36.8% to 73.7%, a range that 
is within the reported response rates for these tests. Conclusions. These 
data indicate that zolpidem will not cross-react in standard urine drug 
screens with benzodiazepines, opiates, barbiturates, cocaine, cannabinoids, 
or amphetamines.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  zolpidem tartrate (adverse drug reaction, clinical trial, drug 
concentration, drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacokinetics)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amphetamine derivative
  barbituric acid derivative
  benzodiazepine derivative
  cannabinoid derivative
  cocaine
  drug metabolite
  opiate derivative
  temazepam
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  insomnia (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  dose response
  drowsiness (side effect)
  drug blood level
  drug cross reactivity
  drug half life
  drug screening
  drug urine level
  female
  headache (side effect)
  human
  human experiment
  inflammation (side effect)
  male
  normal human
  rhinitis (side effect)
  salpingitis (side effect)
  taste disorder (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  ambien
  restoril
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  temazepam (846-50-4)
  zolpidem tartrate (99294-93-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997130349
MEDLINE PMID
  9140309 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9140309)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 907
TITLE
  Falsified or forged medical prescriptions as an indicator of 
pharmacodependence: A pilot study
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lapeyre-Mestre M.
  Damase-Michel C.
  Adams P.
  Michaud P.
  Montastruc J.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lapeyre-Mestre M.; Damase-Michel C.; Adams P.; Montastruc J.L.) Department 
of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Faculté de 
Médecine, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, F-31073, France.
(Michaud P.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculté de Pharmacie, 
Toulouse, France.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Michaud, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculte de Pharmacie, Toulouse, 
France.
SOURCE
  European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1997) 52:1 (37-39). Date of 
Publication: 1997
ISSN
  0031-6970
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Objective: While data on drug abuse liability have been determined for 
selected drugs in experimental studies, there is limited information 
available about drug abuse in real life. This study presents the results of 
a simple experimental epidemiologic survey of prescription forgeries in 
community pharmacies in the Midi-Pyrenees area (southwest France). During 
four periods (September-October 1991, January-June 1992, September-October 
1992 and January-June 1993), resident pharmacy students in several volunteer 
pharmacies were asked to complete a specific report form for each suspect 
prescription request. The main criteria used to identify forgeries were: 
inadequate dosage, multiple use of the prescription form, drafting not in 
accordance with the rules of prescription or false prescription forms 
(stolen prescription forms, photocopies). Results: A total of 165 falsified 
prescriptions were collected. The 305 drugs involved in these forged 
prescriptions were opiate analgesics, benzodiazepines, amphetamines and 
minor opiate analgesics. Medications were essentially buprenorphine, 
flunitrazepam (in 2 mg dosage), phenobarbitone + amphetamine and 
chlorazepate. Conclusion: These results suggest that forged prescriptions 
can be used as an indicator of potential abuse liability of marketed 
psychoactive drugs. Although this survey cannot describe the real prevalence 
of the misuse or abuse of drugs, it constitutes a useful warning 
epidemiologic system to elicit early observations regarding new misuses of 
drugs as they are requested at the pharmacy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amfepramone
  amphetamine
  bromazepam
  buprenorphine
  clobenzorex
  clorazepate
  fenozolone
  flunitrazepam
  lorazepam
  paracetamol
  phenobarbital
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  forgery
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  pharmacy
  prescription
  priority journal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfepramone (134-80-5, 90-84-6)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  bromazepam (1812-30-2)
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  clobenzorex (13364-32-4)
  clorazepate (20432-69-3, 23887-31-2)
  fenozolone (15302-16-6)
  flunitrazepam (1622-62-4)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  phenobarbital (50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997117650
MEDLINE PMID
  9143865 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9143865)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050246
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 908
TITLE
  The effects of buprenorphine in buprenorphine-maintained volunteers
AUTHOR NAMES
  Strain E.C.
  Walsh S.L.
  Preston K.L.
  Liebson I.A.
  Bigelow G.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Strain E.C.; Walsh S.L.; Preston K.L.; Liebson I.A.; Bigelow G.E.) Behav. 
Pharmacology Research Unit, Dept. of Psychiat. and Behav. Sci., Johns 
Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 
21224, United States.
(Preston K.L.) Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 
Baltimore, MD, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.C. Strain, Behavioral Pharmacology Res. Unit, Dept. Psychiatry and 
Behavioral Sci., Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Med., 5510 Nathan Shock 
Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
SOURCE
  Psychopharmacology (1997) 129:4 (329-338). Date of Publication: 1997
ISSN
  0033-3158
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Buprenorphine is a mu opioid partial agonist currently used as an analgesic, 
and being developed for the treatment of opioid dependence. The purpose of 
this study was to determine the abuse liability of parenteral buprenorphine 
in volunteers maintained on daily sublingual (SL) buprenorphine (8 mg). In a 
residential laboratory, eight volunteers underwent pharmacologic challenges 
two times per week. Medication challenges were 16 h after the daily dose of 
buprenorphine, and consisted of double-blind IM injections of buprenorphine 
(4, 8, 16 mg), the prototypic mu opioid agonist hydromorphone (9 and 18 mg), 
or saline. Assessments consisted of physiologic monitoring, subjects' 
self-reports, and a trained observer's ratings of drug effects, and were 
collected for 0.5 h before and 2.0 h following injection. Supplemental doses 
of IM buprenorphine produced opioid agonist-like effects, indicating some 
abuse potential of parenteral buprenorphine in buprenorphine-maintained 
patients. There was incomplete cross-tolerance to the effects of 
hydromorphone, suggesting that higher maintenance doses of buprenorphine may 
be needed to maximize clinical efficacy. However, there was a lack of graded 
dose-effects for hydromorphone, suggesting that buprenorphine's combination 
of partial agonist effects and high affinity for opioid receptors may limit 
the magnitude of effects of supplemental full agonists. Finally, 
participants tolerated cumulative doses of maintenance buprenorphine plus 
challenge buprenorphine without adverse effects, suggesting higher doses of 
buprenorphine can be safely administered to opioid dependent patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  buprenorphine (drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  hydromorphone (drug dose, pharmacology)
  mu opiate receptor agonist (drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  partial agonist (drug dose, drug therapy, pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate addiction (drug therapy)
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  cross tolerance
  double blind procedure
  female
  human
  human experiment
  intramuscular drug administration
  maintenance therapy
  male
  monitoring
  mood
  physiology
  priority journal
  provocation test
  sublingual drug administration
  volunteer
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United States)Knoll
   (United States)Nida
   (United Kingdom)Reckitt and Colman
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  buprenorphine (52485-79-7, 53152-21-9)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997065753
MEDLINE PMID
  9085402 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9085402)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050199
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 909
TITLE
  Cocaine effects on digital blood flow and diffusing capacity for carbon 
monoxide among chronic cocaine users
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sullivan J.T.
  Becker P.M.
  Preston K.L.
  Wise R.A.
  Wigely F.M.
  Testa M.P.
  Jasinski D.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sullivan J.T.; Becker P.M.; Wise R.A.; Wigely F.M.; Testa M.P.; Jasinski 
D.R.) Departments of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Johns 
Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Preston K.L.) Departments of Psychiatry Science, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. 
of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United 
States.
(Sullivan J.T.) Bayer Corporation, 400 Morgan Lane, West Haven, CT 06516, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.T. Sullivan, Bayer Corporation, 400 Morgan Lane, West Haven, CT 06516, 
United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Medicine (1997) 102:3 (232-238). Date of Publication: 
March 1997
ISSN
  0002-9343
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, United States.
ABSTRACT
  PURPOSE: TO determine the acute effects of intravenous (IV) cocaine on 
primarily digital skin blood flow and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide 
(CO), and secondarily on subjective and cardiovascular measures. PATIENTS 
AND METHODS: A double-blind, Latin- square, placebo-controlled, 
dose-response study was conducted in an inpatient general clinical research 
center and clinical pharmacology unit of a university teaching hospital. 
Twelve adult males with histories of illicit drug use including IV cocaine 
received 0, 25, and 50 mg of IV cocaine given as 1-minute infusions, on 3 
consecutive test days. Digital cutaneous blood flow was determined via laser 
doppler flowmetry and skin temperature. Diffusing capacity for carbon 
monoxide (D(CO)) was measured with standard techniques. Subjective responses 
were measured by oral report of a numerical ranking of strength of drug 
effect. Heart rate and blood pressure responses were measured by electronic 
sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: A maximal decrease in skin blood flow occurred at 
2 to 3 minutes after infusion, and was not distinguished among drug 
conditions. Blood flow returned to baseline more rapidly after placebo than 
after cocaine: 7 minutes (placebo), 35 minutes (25 mg cocaine), 50 minutes 
(50 mg cocaine). Skin temperature decreased by 1.25°C after placebo and by 
2.75 and 3.25°C after 25 and 50 mg of cocaine, respectively. D(co) changed 
by -1.02 (mean) ± 0.25 (standard deviation), 0.16 ± 1.22, and 0.21 ± 1.63 
ml/min/mm Hg following placebo, 25, and 50 mg of cocaine, respectively. 
Typical subjective, chronotropic, and pressor responses to cocaine were 
demonstrated, and these occurred in close temporal relationship to digital 
blood flow and skin temperature responses. CONCLUSIONS: The digital 
cutaneous circulation is highly sensitive to vasoconstrictor effects of 
cocaine. Pulmonary blood volume tends to be preserved after IV cocaine. 
Subjective effects and cardiovascular responses occur in concert with 
peripheral blood flow changes. The peripheral vasoconstrictor effects have 
implications for cocaine users with concurrent vasospastic or vasculopathic 
disorders.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cocaine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  skin blood flow
  substance abuse
  vascular disease
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  blood flow velocity
  blood pressure regulation
  chronotropism
  clinical article
  clinical trial
  conference paper
  controlled clinical trial
  controlled study
  drug effect
  heart rate
  human
  laser Doppler flowmetry
  lung diffusion capacity
  male
  pressor response
  priority journal
  skin temperature
  vasoconstriction
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997144384
MEDLINE PMID
  9217590 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217590)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00453-6
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 910
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care in a family medicine centre
AUTHOR NAMES
  Wong C.
  Cave A.
  Jarman R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Wong C.; Jarman R.) Caritas Health Group, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.
(Cave A.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C. Wong, Caritas Health Group, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (1997) 130:1 (35-43). Date of Publication: 
Feb 1997
ISSN
  0828-6914
ABSTRACT
  In recent years, pharmaceutical care in the ambulatory care setting has 
received increased interest due to its potential for improving patient 
well-being and realizing cost savings. In a family medicine centre 
associated with a teaching hospital, patients' perceptions of the potential 
role of a pharmacist were evaluated. The impact of patient/pharmacist 
interviews in identifying drug-related problems was also studied. Study 
candidates from two family practice physicians were randomly divided into 
two groups. The first group received only a questionnaire, whereas the 
second group received a one-on-one interview with a pharmacy resident 
followed by the questionnaire. Information from the interview and/or chart 
review was used to identify potential drug-related problems. Recommendations 
for changes in drug therapy were subsequently discussed with the respective 
family physician. Overall, patients in both groups were satisfied with 
pharmacy services. For survey questions dealing with the perceived benefit 
of pharmacists in providing pharmaceutical care, interviewed patients on 
average rated pharmacists more favourably than those who were not 
interviewed. A total of 42 drug-related problems were identified in 91 
patients, with almost four times more drug-related problems found in the 
group which received both an interview and chart review is in the group that 
had chart review alone.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  family medicine
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  article
  clinical trial
  controlled study
  drug therapy
  human
  interview
  patient satisfaction
  questionnaire
  randomized controlled trial
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997117643
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 911
TITLE
  Assessing substance abuse among health care students and the efficacy of 
educational interventions.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Coleman E.A.
  Honeycutt G.
  Ogden B.
  McMillan D.E.
  O'Sullivan P.S.
  Light K.
  Wingfield W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Coleman E.A.; Honeycutt G.; Ogden B.; McMillan D.E.; O'Sullivan P.S.; Light 
K.; Wingfield W.) College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical 
Sciences, Little Rock 77205, USA.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  E.A. Coleman, College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical 
Sciences, Little Rock 77205, USA.
SOURCE
  Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American 
Association of Colleges of Nursing (1997) 13:1 (28-37). Date of Publication: 
1997 Jan-Feb
ISSN
  8755-7223
ABSTRACT
  Approximately 10 per cent of nurses are chemically dependent, and, for many, 
substance abuse begins while attending nursing school. Faculty must be able 
to assess the extent of the problem, understand the contributing factors, 
recognize signs and symptoms, and use educational interventions in 
identifying and preventing chemical dependency in nurses. Beginning in 1989, 
the authors sampled all entering students in four colleges on a health 
science campus using the Standardized Substance Abuse Attitude Survey and 
obtained resurvey data from two of the colleges' 1989 entering classes in 
fall 1991. Each college developed educational interventions. Some clear 
differences between nursing and pharmacy students emerged and indicated that 
a greater emphasis on drug and alcohol education can pay dividends. 
Establishing a data base over a period of more than 2 years provides a 
foundation to evaluate further interventions.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (epidemiology, prevention)
  drinking behavior (epidemiology, prevention)
  health education
  nursing education
  nursing student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  attitude to health
  clinical trial
  curriculum
  factual database
  health care quality
  human
  methodology
  United States (epidemiology)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  9183110 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9183110)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 912
TITLE
  Women's health issues and counseling behaviors: A pilot survey of West 
Virginia pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ponte C.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ponte C.D.) Dept. of Clin. Pharm. and Fam. Med., Schools of Pharmacy and 
Medicine, West Virginia University, 1124 Health Sciences N, Morgantown, WV 
26506, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.D. Ponte, Clinical Pharmacy/Family Medicine, Schools of Pharmacy and 
Medicine, West Virginia University, 1124 Health Sciences N, Morgantown, WV 
26506, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Pharmacy Technology (1997) 13:1 (27-31). Date of Publication: Jan 
1997
ISSN
  8755-1225
ABSTRACT
  Objective: To assess the counseling behaviors of pharmacists concerning 
women's health issues. Design: A 14-item survey was mailed to 1,050 
pharmacists. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and 
cross-tabulation). An IBM-compatible microcomputer program, Epi Info Version 
5, was used for data analysis. Stratified analysis of the data was conducted 
using chi-square testing. Correlation between selected variables was 
determined using statistical analysis software. Setting: West Virginia. 
Participants: Two hundred seven practicing West Virginia pharmacists who 
completed or partially completed the questionnaire. Outcome Measures: The 
degree and nature of counseling by West Virginia pharmacists pertaining to 
women's health issues. Results: Almost 77% of the pharmacists were engaged 
in community practice. Seventy-four percent (151/203) of pharmacists counsel 
women about healthcare issues at least sometimes during a typical week. 
Women most often initiate the interaction. Sixty-nine percent were somewhat 
comfortable counseling women. The most common topics discussed were vaginal 
infections and estrogen replacement therapy. The most common barriers to 
effective counseling were time constraints and lack of patient requests. 
Almost 33% of the pharmacists (n = 68) agreed that academic curricula 
inadequately prepared them to counsel women. If reimbursement mechanisms 
were available, 36% of pharmacists (n = 70) would charge up to $5 per 
session. Sixteen percent (n = 32) would charge no fee. Conclusions: The 
small sample size and design of the survey could affect interpretation of 
the study results. Future research should address the specific types of 
counseling performed and the methods used, the practice setting and its 
influence on counseling, curricular influences on counseling, and pharmacist 
reimbursement philosophy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  patient counseling
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  estrogen therapy
  female
  health education
  human
  male
  normal human
  pharmacy
  reimbursement
  social work
  substance abuse
  vaginitis
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Pharmacy (39)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997080323
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 913
TITLE
  Problems with drugs in Croatia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Vrhovac B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Vrhovac B.) Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, 
University Hospital Rebro, Zagreb, Croatia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Vrhovac, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, 
University Hospital Rebro, Zagreb, Croatia.
SOURCE
  Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (1997) 6:1 (49-56). Date of 
Publication: Jan 1997
ISSN
  1053-8569
ABSTRACT
  Croatia has 4.8 million inhabitants, 11,800 physicians, 2000 pharmacists, 
two now shareholding, pharmaceutical companies (about 6500 employees, total 
sales of about $350 million). There are a number of problems due to the war 
(GNP fell from $3800 to about $1500), occupation of 25% of its territory, 
0.5 million refugees and lack of resources (US$139/capita for health, about 
$40 i.e. 30%!! for drugs) - about three times less than before the 
aggression. The drug situation is controlled with the help of: (1) donations 
(approximate value of $600 million since 1991 from Europe and US), (2) 
(essential) drug formularies - 250 for outpatients, and 580 generic names 
for various levels of hospital use, (3) special efforts to purchase drugs of 
good quality at a reasonable price (a kind of tender), (4) control of 
prescribing (prescriptions, specialists referral) especially by GPs. A new 
Medicines Act is in preparation and about 1000 generic names are on the 
market. Drug education - Pharmaca: the Croatian journal of pharmacotherapy 
has been published since 1962, there are several Drug bulletins (one 
published since 1975); special chapters on clinical pharmacology in 
textbooks, translation of three editions of Laurence's textbook with special 
commentary and adaptation to local needs; ADR spontaneous and intensive 
monitoring (WHO programme) with a personal feedback to the reporters and 
regular articles on drug use in a number of periodicals. Data on drug 
consumption indicates that there is room for improvement of prescribing. 
There is an enthusiasm for 'vasoactive drugs' - after dipyridamole came 
oxpentifylline and antimicrobials are always overprescribed. All these 
problems will hopefully decrease when the war finally stops and when 
industry (especially tourism) starts being fruitful again. In any case the 
importance of teaching of pharmacotherapy at the under- and postgraduate 
level should be recognized.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid (adverse drug reaction)
  amiodarone (adverse drug reaction)
  amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (adverse drug reaction)
  antiinfective agent
  atenolol (adverse drug reaction)
  azithromycin (adverse drug reaction)
  cefuroxime (adverse drug reaction)
  chlortalidone (adverse drug reaction)
  digoxin (adverse drug reaction)
  dipyridamole
  dipyrone (adverse drug reaction)
  gentamicin (adverse drug reaction)
  lisinopril (adverse drug reaction)
  mexiletine (adverse drug reaction)
  minoxidil (adverse drug reaction)
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (adverse drug reaction)
  pefloxacin (adverse drug reaction)
  pentoxifylline
  spironolactone (adverse drug reaction)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
  pharmacoepidemiology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  article
  Croatia
  drug industry
  economics
  education
  human
  law
  medical literature
  priority journal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  amiodarone (1951-25-3, 19774-82-4, 62067-87-2)
  amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (74469-00-4, 79198-29-1)
  atenolol (29122-68-7)
  azithromycin (83905-01-5)
  cefuroxime (55268-75-2, 56238-63-2)
  chlortalidone (77-36-1)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  dipyridamole (58-32-2)
  dipyrone (50567-35-6, 5907-38-0, 68-89-3)
  gentamicin (1392-48-9, 1403-66-3, 1405-41-0)
  lisinopril (76547-98-3, 83915-83-7)
  mexiletine (31828-71-4, 5370-01-4)
  minoxidil (38304-91-5)
  pefloxacin (70458-92-3)
  pentoxifylline (6493-05-6)
  spironolactone (52-01-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997113492
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1557(199701)6:1<49::AID-PDS245>3.0.CO;2-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 914
TITLE
  Drug-related problems identified and resolved using pharmaceutical care 
versus traditional clinical monitoring
AUTHOR NAMES
  Shalansky S.
  Nakagawa R.
  Wee A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Shalansky S.) Pharmacy Department, Lions Gate Hospital, North Vancouver, 
BC, Canada.
(Shalansky S.) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British 
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
(Nakagawa R.) Clinical Nutrition and Palliative Care, Lions Gate Hospital, .
(Nakagawa R.) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British 
Columbia, .
(Wee A.) Lions Gate Hospital, .
(Shalansky S.) Pharmacy Department, Lions Gate Hospital, 231 East 15th 
Street, North Vancouver, BC V7L 2L7, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  S. Shalansky, Pharmacy Department, Lions Gate Hospital, 231 East 15th 
Street, North Vancouver, BC V7L 2L7, Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1996) 49:6 (282-288). Date of 
Publication: Dec 1996
ISSN
  0008-4123
ABSTRACT
  Many hospital pharmacy departments are implementing pharmaceutical care 
(PC); however, time limitations are making this transition difficult. 
Unfortunately, with the current economic climate, increased staffing is 
unlikely in the foreseeable future. With this in mind, we designed a study 
to assess the impact of PC versus traditional clinical pharmacy monitoring 
on the number of drug-related problems (DRPs) identified and resolved 
without changing staffing levels or time allocated to clinical practice. 
Data collection was prospectively carried out during two eight-week periods 
on two general medicine wards (64 beds total) staffed by 1.5 full time 
equivalent clinical pharmacists. The same pharmacists were involved in both 
arms of the trial. The two data collection periods were separated by four 
months during which the clinical pharmacists learned and practiced PC. The 
two phases were similar in terms of the number of monitoring shifts (73 vs. 
73), mean hours of monitoring per shift (3.9 ± 1.3 vs. 3.9 ± 1.5), mean ward 
census (29.3 ± 2.5 vs. 29.8 ± 2.2), mean patient age (67.1 ± 18.1 vs. 68.4 ± 
16.0), and diagnoses. There were fewer patients monitored per shift during 
the PC phase (8.6 ± 3.2 vs. 14.1 ± 5.8), yet there were significantly more 
DRPs per shift identified (6.75 ± 5.25 vs. 8.63 ± 5.69, p = 0.04) and 
resolved (5.92 ± 4.74 vs. 7.79 ± 5.29, p = 0.025). There was no obvious 
advantage of either approach in terms of drug-related cost avoidance. In 
conclusion, despite caring for fewer patients using PC, more DRPs can be 
identified and resolved. Further study is required to assess whether 
implementing PC will result in improved patient outcomes.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  patient monitoring
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cost
  drug use
  health service
  hospital pharmacy
  intermethod comparison
  ward
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1997051460
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 915
TITLE
  Drug administration research - The contribution of pharmacoepidemiology to 
pharmaceutical monitoring
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bruppacher R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bruppacher R.) Inst. for Social- and Prev. M., University of Basel, Basel, 
Switzerland.
(Bruppacher R.) Potsdam Inst. for P., University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 
Germany.
(Bruppacher R.) Dept. of Epidemiol. and B., McGill University, Montreal, 
Que., Canada.
(Bruppacher R.) Alleeweg 8, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R. Bruppacher, Alleeweg 8, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland.
SOURCE
  Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae (1996) 71:5 (359-361). Date of Publication: Nov 
1996
ISSN
  0031-6865
ABSTRACT
  Providing pharmaceutical care for minor health problems in the self 
medication area and guaranteeing the proper execution of pharmacotherapy in 
the area of prescribed medicines is an evolving tasks of community 
pharmacists in modern health care. It requires knowledge on how drugs are 
taken by the patients and on what governs their behaviour. Physicians can 
rely on the feedback by their patient and their own objective measurements 
of the success of therapy, such feedback is very insecure for a pharmacist. 
He has to anticipate what will happen to drugs handed out. He should know 
the difficulties his clients will encounter in actually going through with 
prescribed therapies and recognise indicators of proper use or abuse. The 
lack of personal feedback has to be compensated by a good general knowledge 
of the situation and the problems in the patient's population. This requires 
continuous research activities to which community pharmacists could in turn 
contribute already during their curriculum at the schools of pharmacy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  conference paper
  drug abuse
  education
  feedback system
  human
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  prescription
  self medication
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1996367613
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(96)00033-7
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 916
TITLE
  The role of nitric oxide in gastric protection by honey
AUTHOR NAMES
  Mobarok Ali A.T.M.
  Al-Swayeh O.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Mobarok Ali A.T.M.; Al-Swayeh O.A.) Department of Medical Pharmacology, 
College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
(Mobarok Ali A.T.M.) Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of 
Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.T.M.M. Ali, Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King 
Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
SOURCE
  Saudi Medical Journal (1996) 17:3 (301-306). Date of Publication: 1996
ISSN
  0379-5284
ABSTRACT
  Objectives: To investigate the role of nitric oxide in the protective 
mechanism of honey against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Setting: 
Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud 
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats 
were used in all experiments. Honey orally and drugs intraperitoneally were 
administered to 24-hour fasted rats 30, 45 or 60 minutes before oral 
administration of one ml ethanol. Gastric mucosal lesions were assessed one 
hour after ethanol by modification of the method of Schiantarelli et al, 
1984. The severity of gastric lesions was analyzed statistically either 
using unpaired Student's t-test or by analysis of variance. Results: 
Pre-treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (12.5-5-50 mg/kg) which 
is reported to inhibit nitric oxide synthesis in various cells, dose 
dependently aggravated ethanol-induced gastric lesions. The enhancement of 
lesions was time dependent and maximum effect occurred if it was given 45 
minutes before ethanol. Pre-treatment with honey (1.25 mg/kg) afforded 
protection against ethanol-induced lesions by 78%. Pre-treatment with 
NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester 12.5 and 25 mg/kg brought down the 
protective effect of honey to 63% and 43% respectively. The attenuating 
effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (25 mg/kg) on honey-induced 
gastric protection was reversed by L-arginine (200 mg/kg) but not by 
D-arginine (200 mg/kg). Conclusion: The study suggests that 
NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester aggravated gastric lesions by inhibiting 
biosynthesis of nitric oxide and the gastric protection by honey may be due 
to modulation of nitric oxide system since pre-treatment with 
NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester reduced the protective effect of honey 
which was reversible by L-arginine but not by D-arginine.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  arginine (drug comparison, drug interaction, pharmacology)
  dextro arginine (drug comparison, pharmacology)
  nitric oxide (endogenous compound)
  nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (drug interaction, drug toxicity, 
pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol (drug interaction, drug toxicity)
  n(g) nitroarginine methyl ester (drug interaction, drug toxicity, 
pharmacology)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  honey (drug interaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
  stomach mucosa lesion (drug therapy)
  stomach protection
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal model
  article
  controlled study
  disease severity
  dose time effect relation
  drug antagonism
  drug potentiation
  intraperitoneal drug administration
  male
  nonhuman
  oral drug administration
  rat
  Saudi Arabia
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
   (United Kingdom)Sigma
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  arginine (1119-34-2, 15595-35-4, 7004-12-8, 74-79-3)
  n(g) nitroarginine methyl ester (50903-99-6)
  nitric oxide (10102-43-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Gastroenterology (48)
  General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy (5)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Arabic
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1996267309
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 917
TITLE
  The top ten problem drugs for the elderly
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dalziel W.B.
  Byszewski A.M.
  Ross A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dalziel W.B.) Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, 
University of Ottawa, .
(Byszewski A.M.) Department of Medicine, Geriatric Day Hospital, Ottawa 
Civic Hospital, .
(Ross A.) Geriatric Assessment Unit, Ottawa Civic Hospital, .
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.B. Dalziel, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, 
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (1996) 129:5 (32-34). Date of Publication: 
Jun 1996
ISSN
  0828-6914
ABSTRACT
  This article describes common important drug groups with high potential for 
problems for elderly consumers and tips for appropriate pharmacist 
intervention. Typically in Canadian medical and pharmacy school curricula, 
geriatric prescribing teaching is minimal but increasing slowly as the 
recognized importance of this area grows. The responsibility of appropriate 
pharmaceutical intervention for the elderly requires the combined expertise 
of knowledgeable consumers, pharmacists, and physicians working together.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amitriptyline
  antihistaminic agent
  antihypertensive agent
  benzodiazepine
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent
  cholinergic receptor blocking agent
  cimetidine
  digoxin
  fluoxetine
  laxative
  nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aged
  drug therapy
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adverse drug reaction
  drug contraindication
  drug safety
  human
  short survey
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  cimetidine (51481-61-9, 70059-30-2)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1996220490
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 918
TITLE
  Pharmaceutical care implementation in a community teaching hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Blain L.
  Rappaport P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Blain L.) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., 
Canada.
(Rappaport P.) Pharmaceutical Services, Toronto East General Hospital, 
Toronto, Ont., Canada.
(Rappaport P.) Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Toronto East General 
Hospital, 825 Coxwell Ave., Toronto, Ont. M4C 3E7, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Rappaport, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Services, Toronto East General 
Hospital, 825 Coxwell Ave., Toronto, Ont. M4C 3E7, Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1996) 49:2 (72-79). Date of 
Publication: Apr 1996
ISSN
  0008-4123
ABSTRACT
  The pharmacists at Toronto East General Hospital have been working towards 
the implementation of pharmaceutical care (PC) since 1991. To facilitate the 
progression from patient pharmacotherapy monitoring to PC, a structured 
program was developed to teach the pharmacists the process. Then, each 
pharmacist set a target of one, two or three years to provide full 
pharmaceutical care to 50 patients. At the same time, data were collected to 
determine if patient screening criteria could be developed and to evaluate 
the actual time required for initial work-up and patient follow-up. When 
this evaluation was performed, pharmacists were, on average, attaining 60% 
of their targeted numbers of patients receiving full PC. They understood the 
process, but were limited by the amount of time it took to follow each 
patient. Data collection for screening criteria did not show any correlation 
with age or service, but showed a positive relationship with length of stay. 
The average time per patient to provide PC was 206 minutes per admission. 
There was a significant correlation between the number of drug-related 
problems and the time to provide PC. The recommendations from three pharmacy 
working groups for ways to increase the amount of pharmacist time for direct 
patient care and increase the efficiency for pharmacists providing PC are 
presented.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital pharmacy
  patient care
  pharmaceutical care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  job performance
  learning
  major clinical study
  patient selection
  pharmacist
  workload
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1996164179
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 919
TITLE
  Process for preventing or identifying and resolving problems in drug therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Robertson K.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Robertson K.E., robertson@butler.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
Coll. of Pharm. and Health Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Avenue, 
Indianapolis, IN 46208, United States.
(Robertson K.E., robertson@butler.edu) Department of Pharmacy Practice, 
Coll. of Pharm. and Health Sciences, Butler University, .
(Robertson K.E., robertson@butler.edu) Community Hospital North, IN, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.E. Robertson, RCCPP, College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Butler 
University, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (1996) 53:6 (639-650). Date of 
Publication: 15 Mar 1996
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  A consistent process for preventing or identifying and resolving problems 
related to drug therapy is described. The process was originally developed 
to help pharmacy students focus on drug therapy issues during their clinical 
clerkship rotations. The first version of this approach to quality 
improvement consisted of lists of questions designed to prompt the student 
to prevent or identify and correct drug therapy problems. Because the 
learning style of some students is more visual, the questions were 
incorporated into flow charts. Students at a community hospital used the 
flow charts during their rotations through the critical care, 
medical-surgical, and psychiatric units, and the process appeared to result 
in improvements in the quality of care and in savings in the cost of care. 
As a result, a staff development and training project was begun to determine 
if staff pharmacists who use this process to evaluate drug therapy will 
begin to provide pharmaceutical care. This sort of transitional model of 
pharmaceutical care may expedite global implementation of the new practice 
philosophy. Flow charts encouraging a uniform approach to the prevention or 
identification and correction of drug therapy problems were developed for 
use by pharmacy students and generalist pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmaceutical care
  problem solving
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  clinical pharmacy
  cost control
  health care cost
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  quality control
  staff training
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1996102367
MEDLINE PMID
  8800969 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8800969)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 920
TITLE
  Impact of a short course in pharmacotherapy for undergraduate medical 
students: an international randomised controlled study
AUTHOR NAMES
  De Vries T.P.G.M.
  Henning R.H.
  Hogerzeil H.V.
  Bapna J.S.
  Bero L.
  Kafle K.K.
  Mabadeje A.F.B.
  Santoso B.
  Smith A.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (De Vries T.P.G.M.; Henning R.H.) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 
Faculty of Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
(Hogerzeil H.V.) World Health Organization, Action Programme on Essential 
Drugs, Geneva, Switzerland.
(Bapna J.S.) Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New 
Dehli, India.
(Bero L.) Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, 
University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Kafle K.K.) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan Univ. Teaching 
Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
(Mabadeje A.F.B.) Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, 
University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
(Santoso B.) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Gadjah Mada University, 
Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(Smith A.J.) Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Mater Misericordiae 
Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.V. Hogerzeil, Action Programme on Essential Drugs, World Health 
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
SOURCE
  Lancet (1995) 346:8988 (1454-1457). Date of Publication: 1995
ISSN
  0140-6736
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Limited, 32 Jamestown Road, London, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Irrational prescribing is a habit which is difficult to cure. However, 
prevention is possible and for this reason the WHO Action Programme on 
Essential Drugs aims to improve the teaching of pharmacotherapy to medical 
students. The impact of a short problem-based training course in 
pharmacotherapy, using a WHO manual on the principles of rational 
prescribing, was measured in an international multi-centre randomised 
controlled study of 219 undergraduate medical students in Groningen 
(Netherlands), Kathmandu (Nepal), Lagos (Nigeria), Newcastle (Australia), 
New Delhi (India), San Francisco (USA), and Yogyakarta (Japan). The manual 
and the course presented the students, who were about to enter the clinical 
phase of their studies, with a normative model for pharmacotherapeutic 
reasoning in which they were taught to generate a 'standard' 
pharmacotherapeutic approach to common disorders, resulting in a set of 
first-choice drugs called P(ersonal)-drugs. The students were then taught 
how to apply this set of P-drugs to specific patient problems on the 
symptomatic treatment of pain, using a six-step problem solving routine. The 
impact of the course was measured by tests before training, immediately 
after, and six months later. After the course, students from the study group 
performed significantly better than controls in all patient problems 
presented (p < 0.05). The students not only remembered how to solve old 
problems, but they could also apply their skills to new problems. Both 
retention and transfer effect were maintained at least six months after the 
training session in all seven medical schools. In view of the impossibility 
of teaching students all basic knowledge on the thousands of drugs 
available, this approach seems to be an efficient way of teaching rational 
prescribing. However, the method should be accompanied by a change in 
teaching methods away from the habit of transferring knowledge about the 
drugs towards problem-based teaching of therapeutic reasoning.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug choice
  medical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  controlled study
  drug therapy
  human
  medical student
  normal human
  palliative therapy
  prescription
  priority journal
  problem solving
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995359042
MEDLINE PMID
  7490991 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7490991)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92472-8
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 921
TITLE
  Comprehensive services in an ambulatory care pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lewis R.K.
  Carter B.L.
  Glover D.G.
  Hutchinson R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lewis R.K.; Carter B.L.; Glover D.G.; Hutchinson R.A.) Department of 
Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois, Chicago Medical Center, 833 South 
Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.K. Lewis, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois, Chicago 
Medical Center, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (1995) 52:16 (1793-1797). Date of 
Publication: 1995
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  The development of a comprehensive model of pharmacy practice in an 
ambulatory care setting is described. From 1991 to 1994, the department of 
ambulatory care pharmacy services at The University of Illinois at Chicago 
Medical Center converted its main outpatient pharmacy into a Pharmaceutical 
Care Center to serve as a model for community and hospital-based ambulatory 
care pharmacy services. The Pharmaceutical Care Center includes a waiting 
area, five private patient-assessment rooms, an examination room, a place 
for reviewing patient profiles and reference materials, space for storage 
and automation, an i.v. admixture area, a conference room, and office space. 
It serves 120-150 patients per day (10% just discharged from the hospital, 
90% seen in the clinic system). Pharmacy clerkship students and residents, 
under the oversight of faculty, conduct patient assessments, educate 
patients and family, monitor outcomes, and intervene when drug-related 
problems are detected. Patient assessments and therapeutic interventions are 
documented in the patient's medical record. Computers, automated medication 
filling, and technical support are used to enable pharmacists to concentrate 
on patient care. A model ambulatory care pharmacy provides both drug 
distribution and direct patient care services.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  ambulatory care
  article
  automation
  hospital service
  priority journal
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995261758
MEDLINE PMID
  8528835 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8528835)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 922
TITLE
  Education and training to provide pharmaceutical care
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schneider P.J.
  Sill Jr. B.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schneider P.J.; Sill Jr. B.E.) Department of Pharmacy, Ohio State 
University, Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.J. Schneider, Department of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Medical 
Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
SOURCE
  International Pharmacy Journal (1995) 9:4 (156-160). Date of Publication: 
1995
ISSN
  1010-0423
ABSTRACT
  The term 'pharmaceutical care' has captured the attention of pharmacists 
world-wide since the introduction of the term in 1990. The concept involves 
fundamental changes in how pharmacists think, what they need to do and how 
they practise. Furthermore, to prepare new pharmacists to transform pharmacy 
practice requires changes in the way the pharmacy students are selected, 
educated and trained. In an effort to provide educational and training 
opportunities for pharmacy students and pharmacists in the USA, a 
transformation in the academic and professional training programmes is 
underway. The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education has published a 
declaration of intent that it will only accredit colleges of pharmacy that 
offer the doctor pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree by the year 2000. More colleges 
of pharmacy are offering the Pharm.D. degree in flexible programmes to 
enable pharmacists in practice to earn this degree. The rationale for this 
is that pharmacists will need more clinical knowledge and training to 
identify, prevent and solve drug related problems that occur in clinical 
settings. The Commission on Credentialling of the American Society of 
Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) has developed a new residency accreditation 
standard that included an emphasis on pharmaceutical care. The thrust of the 
new standard is an expectation that the resident will be expected to gain 
experience in assuming responsibilities for the outcomes of a patient's drug 
therapy, both in the acute inpatient and ambulatory care setting. Both new 
graduates and practising pharmacists can enter residency programmes. There 
is an evolving requirement for pharmacists to have a Pharm.D. degree before 
entering an ASHP accredited residency in pharmacy practice, and a 
requirement to complete a pharmacy practice residency before entering a 
specially residency to assure an adequate foundation in the knowledge and 
skill needed to provide pharmaceutical care. It is through these educational 
and training programmes that pharmacists will be able to transform their 
practice and begin to provide pharmaceutical care.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care
  pharmaceutics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug information
  education
  patient care
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
  short survey
  training
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French, German
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995246678
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 923
TITLE
  Inappropriate use of nonpsychotropic medications in nursing homes
AUTHOR NAMES
  Williams B.
  Betley C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Williams B.; Betley C.) Div. of General Medicine, Dept. of Internal 
Medicine, Michigan University Medical Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., 
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0376, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Williams, Div. of General Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Michigan 
University Medical Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 
48109-0376, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (1995) 43:5 (513-519). Date of 
Publication: 1995
ISSN
  0002-8614
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, United States.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and patient-specific predictors of 
the use of 10 presumptively inappropriate medications used to treat medical 
conditions among nursing home residents, and to use this information to 
examine alternative screening strategies using computerized assessment data 
to identify residents who are at high risk of receiving inappropriate 
medications. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. PATIENTS: All 
persons residing in all 252 nursing homes in two states during the last 6 
months of 1991 (N = 21,884). MEASUREMENTS: Data were from Minimum Data Set 
Plus (MDS+) assessments, gathered as part of the Health Care Financing 
Administration (HCFA) Multistate Nursing Home Casemix and Quality 
Demonstration Project. The MDS+ is an expanded version of the federally 
mandated Minimum Data Set (MDS) that includes additional information on 
medications and their doses and schedules (frequency, standing vs prn). The 
reliability of the MDS has been demonstrated previously. Medications were 
defined as inappropriate using explicit criteria from published literature. 
Outcome measures were the standing use of each or any of 10 presumptively 
inappropriate medications used to treat medical (rather than psychiatric or 
behavioral) conditions. Potential predictors of inappropriate medication use 
included patient demographic characteristics, payer, a proxy measure for 
length of stay and admission source, functional status, number of standing 
medications, and state. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 12% of residents were 
prescribed one or more of 10 presumptively inappropriate meditations on a 
standing basis, a figure that differed substantially between states (14.0% 
vs 7.4% (P < .001)). The most prevalent inappropriate medications were 
dipyridamole (5.4% of residents), amitriptyline (3.3%), and methyldopa 
(1.8%). Among patients receiving 0 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7+ meditations, 5%, 
12%, and 19%, respectively, were receiving at least one inappropriate 
medication. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the strongest 
predictors of inappropriate medication use were state and the total number 
of standing medications prescribed. Including other statistically 
significant predictors of inappropriate medication use (age > 65 years, 
never having been married, severe functional limitations, being a long-stay 
patient, and medical diagnosis) did not substantially improve the overall 
predictive ability of the model. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of 
nursing home residents receives presumptively inappropriate medications to 
treat medical conditions. Selecting persons prescribed large numbers of 
medications for further review may be the most efficient method for nursing 
home or pharmacy personnel to identify residents at high risk of receiving 
inappropriate medications. Extensive additional information on residents' 
characteristics, although widely available through the Minimum Data Set, 
does not significantly improve the ability to identify residents receiving 
inappropriate medications for medical conditions. State-specific policies or 
provider practices also influence the likelihood of presumptively 
inappropriate medication use among nursing home residents and deserve 
further investigation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amitriptyline
  dipyridamole
  methyldopa
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  chlorpropamide
  cimetidine
  cyclandelate
  hydrochlorothiazide
  isoxsuprine
  ranitidine
  reserpine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse (epidemiology)
  nursing home
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  aged
  article
  combination chemotherapy
  female
  high risk patient
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  prediction
  screening
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  chlorpropamide (94-20-2)
  cimetidine (51481-61-9, 70059-30-2)
  cyclandelate (456-59-7)
  dipyridamole (58-32-2)
  hydrochlorothiazide (58-93-5)
  isoxsuprine (395-28-8, 579-56-6)
  methyldopa (555-29-3, 555-30-6)
  ranitidine (66357-35-5, 66357-59-3)
  reserpine (50-55-5, 8001-95-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995147294
MEDLINE PMID
  7730533 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7730533)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 924
TITLE
  University-based sports pharmacy program
AUTHOR NAMES
  Price K.O.
  Huff P.S.
  Isetts B.J.
  Goldwire M.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Price K.O.; Huff P.S.; Isetts B.J.; Goldwire M.A.) Meniscus Educational 
Institute, 105 North 22nd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.O. Price, Meniscus Educational Institute, 105 North 22nd Street, 
Philadelphia, PA 19103, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (1995) 52:3 (302-309). Date of 
Publication: 1995
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Ways for pharmacists to become involved in sports pharmacy are discussed, 
and a university-based sports pharmacy program is described. Sports pharmacy 
encompasses treating athletic injuries, distributing drugs and sports- 
related supplies, counseling patients, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes, 
along with educating athletes, trainers, and others about drug use and 
abuse. Pharmacists can contribute their expertise by presenting information 
at schools, health clubs, and other exercise-related organizations. They can 
serve on drug-testing crews at collegiate athletic events. Pharmacists can 
also provide supplies and services to schools or athletic facilities; 
ideally, this could be a contractual arrangement to provide comprehensive 
pharmaceutical care. A sports pharmacy program was implemented at the 
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980. Pharmacists provide 
drug therapy monitoring and patient education to all patients at the school; 
patients' level of athletic activity is taken into consideration. 
Pharmacists also ensure proper use, storage, and distribution of drugs kept 
in clinics, training rooms, and sports medicine travel bags, as well as 
identifying and providing drugs and supplies that might be needed at an 
off-campus event. They provide in service education to athletic trainers and 
physicians. The program has improved patient outcomes and helped to ensure 
adequate drug supplies and minimum waste. There are numerous opportunities 
for practitioners to become involved in sports pharmacy. A university-based 
sports pharmacy program improved the care of student athletes and helped 
contain drug costs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug (drug therapy)
  non prescription drug
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adrenalin
  alcohol
  aluminum magnesium hydroxide
  anabolic agent
  analgesic agent
  anesthetic agent
  antiasthmatic agent
  antibiotic agent
  anticonvulsive agent
  antihistaminic agent
  antiinflammatory agent
  antivirus agent
  beclometasone dipropionate
  bismuth salicylate
  bronchodilating agent
  bupivacaine
  chlorhexidine gluconate
  cocaine
  cromoglycate disodium
  decongestive agent
  dermatological agent
  dexamethasone
  diuretic agent
  erythropoietin
  gastrointestinal agent
  loperamide
  muscle relaxant agent
  probenecid
  Ringer lactate solution
  salbutamol
  unindexed drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care organization
  pharmacy
  sport injury (drug therapy, prevention)
  sports medicine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  athlete
  drug abuse
  drug cost
  drug information
  drug marketing
  drug monitoring
  drug screening
  drug use
  human
  inhalational drug administration
  intranasal drug administration
  intravenous drug administration
  nutrition
  oral drug administration
  patient counseling
  priority journal
  review
  student
  topical drug administration
  university
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  albuterol
  beconase
  epipen
  hibiclens
  imodium
  maalox
  marcaine
  nasalcrom
  pepto bismol
  vanceril
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  Ringer lactate solution (8022-63-7)
  adrenalin (51-43-4, 55-31-2, 6912-68-1)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  aluminum magnesium hydroxide (37317-08-1, 39366-43-3)
  beclometasone dipropionate (5534-09-8)
  bismuth salicylate (14882-18-9, 71156-53-1, 7460-14-2)
  bupivacaine (18010-40-7, 2180-92-9, 55750-21-5)
  chlorhexidine gluconate (18472-51-0)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  cromoglycate disodium (15826-37-6, 16110-51-3, 93356-79-7, 93356-84-4)
  dexamethasone (50-02-2)
  erythropoietin (11096-26-7)
  loperamide (34552-83-5, 53179-11-6)
  muscle relaxant agent (9008-44-0)
  probenecid (57-66-9)
  salbutamol (18559-94-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995077700
MEDLINE PMID
  7749959 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7749959)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 925
TITLE
  Pharmacists' role in a smoking-cessation program at a health maintenance 
organization
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baluch W.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baluch W.M.) Pharmacy Administration, Puget Sound Group Health Cooperative, 
801 S.W. 16th Street, Renton, WA 98057, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.M. Baluch, Pharmacy Administration, Puget Sound Group Health Cooperative, 
801 S.W. 16th Street, Renton, WA 98057, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (1995) 52:3 (287-293). Date of 
Publication: 1995
ISSN
  1079-2082
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  A comprehensive smoking-cessation program sponsored by a health maintenance 
organization (HMO) and the role of pharmacists in the program are described. 
Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound is an HMO serving more than 385,000 
enrollees in western Washington State. Group Health established a 
smoking-cessation program in 1985. The smoking-cessation benefit consists of 
interventions by providers to determine smoking status, a formal behavioral 
modification program, and nicotine-replacement therapy (beginning in 1993) 
for patients undergoing behavioral modification. The behavioral modification 
program is offered in group or individualized format. A team of trained 
nursing, medical, and pharmacy staff members provides consultative support 
to the program's smoking-cessation specialists. A tobacco-use road- map team 
has been created as part of the quality-improvement effort at Group Health; 
a pharmacist serves on this team. The ultimate goal of the team is to reduce 
the percentage of adult enrollees who smoke from the current 20% to 12.5% by 
2000. A procedure for promoting smoking cessation was presented to all the 
pharmacists, along with continuing-education sessions. The pharmacists are 
encouraged to be brief but consistent in their antismoking message and to 
apply the 'four A's' (ask about the patient's smoking status, advise the 
patient to quit smoking, assist in the patient's efforts to quit, and 
arrange follow-up). The inclusion of nicotine-replacement products in the 
smoking-cessation program in 1993 provided pharmacists with a key role in 
determining dosages and monitoring patients. Although the program is leading 
many smokers to quit, efforts will have to be intensified if program goals 
are to be realized by 2000. Pharmacists at an HMO that offers a 
comprehensive smoking-cessation program help identify smokers and encourage 
them to quit, assist with enrollees' nicotine-replacement therapy, and 
participate on the organization's quality-improvement team for tobacco use.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine (drug dose, drug therapy)
  nicotine gum (drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cigarette smoke
  tobacco smoke
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (drug therapy, epidemiology, prevention, therapy)
  health maintenance organization
  pharmacist
  smoking cessation
  tobacco
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  behavior modification
  dose response
  health program
  human
  major clinical study
  oral drug administration
  patient education
  patient monitoring
  priority journal
  review
  substitution therapy
  teamwork
  transdermal drug administration
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  nicoderm  Marion Merrell Dow

DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Marion Merrell Dow
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  nicotine (54-11-5)
  nicotine gum (96055-45-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995077697
MEDLINE PMID
  7749956 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7749956)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 926
TITLE
  Implications of behavioral pharmacology research for applied behavior 
analyses: JEAB's special issue celebrating the contributions of Joseph V. 
Brady (March 1994).
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kirby K.C.
  Bickel W.K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kirby K.C.; Bickel W.K.) Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of 
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19102-1192.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.C. Kirby, Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, 
Philadelphia 19102-1192.
SOURCE
  Journal of applied behavior analysis (1995) 28:1 (105-112). Date of 
Publication: 1995 Spring
ISSN
  0021-8855
ABSTRACT
  We review four articles from JEAB's March 1994 issue celebrating the 
contributions of Joseph V. Brady. These articles have implications for 
studying private events and for studying multiple operants. We suggest that 
regularly including self-reports about private events in behavioral 
pharmacological research has resulted in an accumulated knowledge that has 
facilitated examination of interesting relations among self-reports, 
environmental factors, and other observable behaviors. Methodological 
lessons that behavioral pharmacologists have learned regarding the study of 
multiple operants are also relayed. We provide examples of how these lessons 
could be useful to applied behavior analysts studying nonpharmacological 
issues.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychotropic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  instrumental conditioning
  publication
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  history
  human
  male
  motivation
  psychological aspect
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  7706145 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7706145)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 927
TITLE
  Educational intervention in pharmacy students' attitudes to HIV/AIDS and 
drug misuse
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sheridan J.
  Bates I.P.
  Webb D.G.
  Barber N.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sheridan J.; Bates I.P.; Webb D.G.; Barber N.D.) The Centre for Pharmacy 
Practice, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick 
Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Sheridan, The Centre for Pharmacy Practice, The School of Pharmacy, 
University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United 
Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Medical Education (1994) 28:6 (492-500). Date of Publication: 1994
ISSN
  0308-0110
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  By providing injecting equipment to drug misusers, community pharmacists in 
the UK may become involved in preventing the spread of HIV via the 
intravenous route. Over 60% of pharmacy graduates from the School of 
Pharmacy enter community pharmacy and, as part of their undergraduate 
course, attend a series of lectures and seminars on HIV/AIDS and drug 
misuse. The aim of this research was to: (1) investigate students' attitudes 
to these subjects; (2) assess the students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS; (3) 
evaluate any change in level of knowledge or of attitude after attending the 
course; and (4) investigate students' attitudes towards the teaching of 
these subjects. A questionnaire was administered to students before and 
after their undergraduate course. The level of knowledge increased 
significantly after attending the course. Students were asked their opinion 
on the teaching of HIV/AIDS and drug misuse at the School of Pharmacy. After 
the course, significantly more responded 'good' or 'very good' with regard 
to teaching on social issues in drug misuse, rehabilitation and treatment of 
drug misusers, and health education on HIV/AIDS. There was no significant 
change in attitude, after the course. Attitude to HIV/AIDS and drug misuse 
was found to be unassociated with previous experience of working in 
pharmacies supplying injecting equipment and prescribed methadone. Both 
attitude and pre-course assessed knowledge were significantly associated 
with race and religion. These results indicate that attending the course had 
the effect of increasing knowledge of HIV/AIDS and increasing confidence in 
counselling clients. The perception of the teaching was also seen to be more 
positive.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  methadone
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  attitude
  drug abuse
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (prevention)
  medical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  counseling
  drug misuse
  human
  normal human
  pharmacy
  questionnaire
  student
  teaching
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995022862
MEDLINE PMID
  7862010 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7862010)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 928
TITLE
  Geriatric assessment team case studies: An elderly patient requiring 
extensive care and scrutiny to avoid drug misadventuring
AUTHOR NAMES
  Karnik K.A.
  Boynton P.R.
  Fincham J.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Karnik K.A.; Boynton P.R.; Fincham J.E.) Sch Pharmacy Allied Hlth 
Profession, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.A. Karnik, Sch Pharmacy Allied Hlth Profession, Creighton University, 2500 
California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy (1994) 9:2 (69-75). Date of Publication: 
1994
ISSN
  8756-4629
ABSTRACT
  This case history of a 76 year old female with severely deteriorated mental 
and functional status is indicative of the important role the clinical 
pharmacist can play in Geriatric Assessment Teams (GATs). In this case, the 
patient was not taking any prescription medications, however, 
over-the-counter (OTC) drug consumption was problematic and often not 
recalled by the patient. Proper supervision and administration of medication 
was identified as a necessary function needed to be performed by someone 
other than the patient. A plan for the administration of necessary OTC drugs 
by caregivers was implemented. The role of the clinical pharmacist focused 
on the education of the caregivers about the potential misuse of OTC 
medication and the need to implement a mechanism for drug administration to 
proactively avoid current and future drug related problems.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  non prescription drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse (etiology, prevention)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  caregiver
  case report
  drug use
  female
  geriatrics
  health education
  human
  memory
  mental function
  pharmacist
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995113349
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 929
TITLE
  In pursuit of rational drug use and effective drug management: clinical and 
public health pharmacy viewpoint.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Passmore P.R.
  Kailis S.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Passmore P.R.; Kailis S.G.) Clinical Pharmacy Teaching Unit, School of 
Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P.R. Passmore, Clinical Pharmacy Teaching Unit, School of Pharmacy, Curtin 
University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia.
SOURCE
  Asia-Pacific journal of public health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for 
Public Health (1994) 7:4 (236-241). Date of Publication: 1994
ISSN
  1010-5395
ABSTRACT
  Drugs are major technology in preventing and combating disease both at the 
individual and community levels. Managing this valuable resource for optimum 
public health benefit is paramount. Pharmacists have been recognized by the 
World Health Organisation and others as having a key role to play in 
promoting rational drug use and strengthening effective drug management. 
However, the profession needs to answer some critical questions relating to 
effective communication of their clinical role. Factors associated with the 
primary care role of pharmacists are discussed and include education, social 
and political pressures and professional attitudes. There is evidence of an 
expanding role for pharmacy in the health sector and a number of new 
challenges for pharmacy's role in strengthening public health are emerging. 
These include the profession's involvement in overcoming chronic shortages 
of essential drugs, strategies to combat the fake and inferior quality drug 
problems, and increased efforts to educate the public in optimal drug 
therapy and compliance with recognized drug dosages. Pharmacists are urged 
to assist governments develop effective policies and legislations for the 
pharmaceutical sector, based on research findings of pharmaceutical issues 
affecting public health.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug utilization
  education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  developing country
  health personnel attitude
  human
  public health
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  7605700 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7605700)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 930
TITLE
  Problems with drugs in Croatia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Vrhovac B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Vrhovac B.) Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, 
Rebro University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Vrhovac, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Rebro 
University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
SOURCE
  Pharmaca (1994) 32:3 (257-269). Date of Publication: 1994
ISSN
  0031-6857
ABSTRACT
  Croatia has 4,8 million inhabitants, 11,800 physicians, 2000 pharmacists, 2 
pharmaceutical, now shareholding, companies (about 6500 employees, total 
sale about 350 mill USD). Now, there are a number of problems due to the war 
(GNP fell from 3800 to about 1500 USD), occupation of 25% of its territory, 
0.5 mill refugees and lack of resources (139 USD/cap for health, about 40 
USD, i.e. 30%!! for drugs) - about 3 times less than before the aggression. 
The drug situation is controlled with the help of: 1. donations (approx. 
value of 600 mill USD since 1991 from Europe and US); 2. (essential) drug 
formularies - for outpatients 250, for various levels of hospital use 580 
generic names; 3. special efforts to purchase drugs of good quality and 
reasonable price (a kind of tender); and 4. control of prescribing 
(prescriptions, specialists referral), especially of GPs. A new Medicines 
Act is in preparation, about 1000 generic names are on the market. Drug 
education: Pharmaca - a Croatian Journal of Pharmacotherapy, has been 
published since 1962, several Drug Bulletins (one published since 1975), 
special chapters on clinical pharmacology in textbooks, translation of 3 
editions of Laurence's textbook, with special commentary and adaptation to 
local needs; ADR spontaneous and intensive monitoring (WHO program) with a 
personal feedback to the reporters, regular articles on drug use in a number 
of periodicals, etc. Data on drug consumption indicate that there is room 
for improvement of prescribing. There is an enthusiasm for 'vasoactive 
drugs', after dipirydamole came oxpentifylline, and antimicrobials are 
always overprescribed. All these problems will hopefully decrease when the 
war finally stops and when the industry (especially tourism) become fruitful 
again. In any case, the importance of teaching pharmacotherapy at the under- 
and postgraduate level should be considered.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antiinfective agent
  dipyridamole
  pentoxifylline
  vasoactive agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical pharmacology
  drug industry
  drug legislation
  drug therapy
  drug use
  economic aspect
  pharmacist
  physician
  short survey
  vocational education
  war
  Yugoslavia
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  dipyridamole (58-32-2)
  pentoxifylline (6493-05-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, Serbian
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1995034523
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 931
TITLE
  The treatment of benzodiazepine dependence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ashton H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ashton H.) Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Dept. Pharmacological 
Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United 
Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H. Ashton, Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Dept. Pharmacological Sciences, 
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Addiction (1994) 89:11 (1535-1541). Date of Publication: 1994
ISSN
  0965-2140
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Withdrawal of benzodiazepines is currently advised for long-term 
benzodiazepine users because of doubts about continued efficacy, risks of 
adverse effects, including dependence and neuropsychological impairment and 
socio-economic costs. About half a million people in the UK may need advice 
on withdrawal. Successful withdrawal strategies should combine gradual 
dosage reduction and psychological support. The benzodiazepine dosage should 
be tapered at an individually titrated rate which should usually be under 
the patient's control. The whole process may take weeks or months. 
Withdrawal from diazepam is convenient because of available dosage 
strengths, but can be carried out directly from other benzodiazepines. 
Adjuvant medication may occasionally be required (antidepressants, 
propranolol) but no drugs have been proved to be of general utility in 
alleviating withdrawal-related symptoms. Psychological support should be 
available both during dosage reduction and for some months after cessation 
of drug use. Such support should include the provision of information about 
benzodiazepines, general encouragement, and measures to reduce anxiety and 
promote the learning of non-pharmacological ways of coping with stress. For 
many patients the degree of support required is minimal; a minority may need 
counselling or formal psychological therapy. Unwilling patients should not 
be forced to withdraw. With these methods, success rates of withdrawal are 
high and are unaffected by duration of usage, dosage or type of 
benzodiazepine, rate of withdrawal, symptom severity, psychiatric history or 
personality disorder. Longer-term outcome is less clear; a considerable 
proportion of patients may temporarily take benzodiazepines again and some 
need other psychotropic medication. However, the outcome may be improved by 
careful pharmacological and psychological handling of withdrawal and 
post-withdrawal phases.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  benzodiazepine derivative (drug dose, drug toxicity)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  antidepressant agent (drug therapy)
  propranolol (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence treatment
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anxiety
  article
  drug dependence (rehabilitation)
  drug efficacy
  drug withdrawal
  health hazard
  human
  patient counseling
  patient information
  psychopathy (epidemiology)
  social psychology
  socioeconomics
  United Kingdom
  withdrawal syndrome (drug therapy)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1994352877
MEDLINE PMID
  7841868 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7841868)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03755.x
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 932
TITLE
  A survey of alcohol and other drug use behaviors and risk factors in health 
profession students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kriegler K.A.
  Baldwin J.N.
  Scott D.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kriegler K.A.; Baldwin J.N.; Scott D.M.) Student Counseling Services, Med. 
Ctr. Understanding Subs. Abuse, University of Nebraska Medical Ctr., Omaha, 
NE, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.A. Kriegler, Student Counseling Services, Med. Ctr. Understanding Subs. 
Abuse, University of Nebraska Medical Ctr., Omaha, NE, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of American College Health (1994) 42:6 (259-265). Date of 
Publication: 1994
ISSN
  0744-8481
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Heldref Publications, 1319 Eighteenth Street NW, Washington, United States.
ABSTRACT
  This survey assessed the alcohol and other drug (AOD) use habits and risk 
factors of health profession students at a midwestern university health 
science center. The authors administered a 75-item survey to 1,707 students 
in selected classrooms: 984 students responded for a return rate of 57.6%. 
In 1990, they found, alcohol use among the health profession students in the 
past year was comparable to that of undergraduate college students 
nationally (86%), although significantly fewer health profession students 
drank heavily (27% had five or more drinks in the past 2 weeks, compared 
with 41% of college students). The percentage of health profession students 
who reported using tobacco or illicit drugs was lower than the percentage of 
undergraduate students who used these substances. At the time of the study, 
16% of the respondents may have had a potential current alcohol problem and 
3.5% a potential drug problem. Pharmacy students most often reported 
negative consequences from their AOD use. Peer pressure influenced the 
drinking decisions of 55% of the respondents; students in dentistry and 
pharmacy experienced the least support from peers for their decisions to 
abstain from drinking. Family histories of alcohol problems were reported by 
38% of the respondents, and family histories of drug use by 14.8%. Male 
health profession students, when compared with the female professional 
students, drank more and experienced more consequences of their drinking or 
drug use and were also more influenced by peers.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  amphetamine derivative
  cannabis
  cocaine
  illicit drug
  opiate agonist
  psychedelic agent
  sedative agent
  steroid
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (epidemiology, prevention)
  drug dependence (epidemiology, prevention)
  health care personnel
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  adult
  alcohol abuse
  alcohol consumption
  article
  college student
  drinking behavior
  drug abuse
  female
  health behavior
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  risk factor
  sex difference
  tobacco
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1994158878
MEDLINE PMID
  8046165 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8046165)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 933
TITLE
  Primary health-care services with a functional ambulatory care clinical 
pharmacy in a low-income housing project clinic.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Oke T.O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Oke T.O.) College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 
70125.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.O. Oke, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 
70125.
SOURCE
  Journal of the National Medical Association (1994) 86:6 (465-468). Date of 
Publication: Jun 1994
ISSN
  0027-9684
ABSTRACT
  This article describes the establishment of clinical pharmacy services at a 
primary health-care clinic in a low-income housing area in New Orleans. The 
St Thomas Health Care Services Outpatient Clinic was established in 1987 by 
the Catholic Sisters of Charity. The clinic provides care for 4500 
ambulatory patients who otherwise have inadequate health care. Xavier 
University College of Pharmacy established pharmacy services in the clinic 
as a site for its ambulatory clerkship students. The pharmacy provides 
training for students on the principles and practice standards of ambulatory 
care pharmacy services, which include taking medication history and 
performing drug therapy review. A computer-generated medical record was 
developed to provide access to patients' demographic and drug profiles. The 
system was designed to help the pharmacist preceptor and students detect, 
resolve, and prevent drug-related problems, and to aid in learning to 
monitor the progression of disease(s) and whether the patient is 
experiencing the desired therapeutic outcome. Direct contact with patients 
allows the pharmacist and the students to become familiar with patient 
compliance problems, adverse drug reaction monitoring, patient counseling 
techniques, and providing patient education.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health center
  pharmacy
  poverty
  primary health care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  housing
  human
  organization and management
  patient education
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  8078084 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8078084)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 934
TITLE
  The provision of pharmaceutical care in a veterans' affairs medical center 
outpatient HIV clinic
AUTHOR NAMES
  Warnock A.C.
  Rimland D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Warnock A.C.; Rimland D.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southern School 
of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 
30338, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.C. Warnock, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southern School of Pharmacy, 
Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30338, United 
States.
SOURCE
  Hospital Pharmacy (1994) 29:2 (114-116+119-120). Date of Publication: 1994
ISSN
  0018-5787
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Facts and Comparisons, 111 W. Port Plaza, Ste. 300, St. Louis, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Recognizing the unique needs and demands of HIV-infected patients, it was 
decided to implement pharmaceutical care in a VAMC outpatient HIV clinic. 
Services provided to the patients by the pharmacist include drug 
information, medication counseling with the help of educational handouts, 
and drug- related problem identification and resolution. The pharmacist also 
serves as a liaison between the patient and the VAMC outpatient pharmacy if 
conflicts arise. Services provided to the other members of the HIV clinic 
team include the provision of drug information and participation in clinical 
research. In addition, the HIV clinic provides a training site for pharmacy 
practice residents and Doctor of Pharmacy students on their ambulatory care 
rotation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cotrimoxazole (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  didanosine (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy)
  fluconazole (drug therapy)
  ketoconazole (drug combination, drug interaction, drug therapy)
  pentamidine isethionate (drug therapy)
  zidovudine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  aciclovir (drug therapy)
  ciprofloxacin (drug combination, drug therapy)
  clarithromycin (drug combination, drug therapy)
  clofazimine (drug combination, drug therapy)
  dapsone (drug interaction, drug therapy)
  ethambutol (drug combination, drug therapy)
  pentamidine (drug therapy)
  rifampicin (drug interaction, drug therapy)
  zalcitabine (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection (drug therapy)
  patient care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  anorexia (side effect)
  article
  fever (side effect)
  headache (side effect)
  human
  insomnia (side effect)
  mycobacteriosis (drug therapy)
  nausea (side effect)
  outpatient department
  patient compliance
  patient counseling
  pharmacy
  rash (side effect)
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  bactrim
  diflucan
  nizoral
  pentam
  retrovir
  videx
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  aciclovir (59277-89-3)
  ciprofloxacin (85721-33-1)
  clarithromycin (81103-11-9)
  clofazimine (2030-63-9)
  cotrimoxazole (8064-90-2)
  dapsone (80-08-0)
  didanosine (69655-05-6)
  ethambutol (10054-05-4, 1070-11-7, 3577-94-4, 74-55-5)
  fluconazole (86386-73-4)
  ketoconazole (65277-42-1)
  pentamidine (100-33-4)
  pentamidine isethionate (140-64-7)
  rifampicin (13292-46-1)
  zalcitabine (7481-89-2)
  zidovudine (30516-87-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1994077342
MEDLINE PMID
  10132150 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10132150)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 935
TITLE
  Substance use among Venezuelan medical and pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Baptista T.
  Novoa D.
  Hernández R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Baptista T.) Department of Human Physiology, Universidad de los Andes, 
Facultad de Medicina, P.O. Box 93, Mérida, 5101-A, Venezuela.
(Novoa D.; Hernández R.) Unit of Internal Medicine, Universidad de los 
Andes, Facultad de Medicina, P.O. Box 93, Mérida, 5101-A, Venezuela.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T. Baptista, Department of Human Physiology, Universidad de los Andes, 
Facultad de Medicina, PO Box 93, Merida, 5101-A, Venezuela.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (1994) 34:2 (121-127). Date of Publication: 1994
ISSN
  0376-8716
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd, P.O. Box 85, Limerick, Ireland.
ABSTRACT
  The frequency of substance use disorders and non-pathological use of drugs 
was assessed in a cohort of undergraduate medical (N=1013) and pharmacy 
students (N=426) from the University of the Andes (Merida, Venezuela). The 
survey was conducted using a self-administered Spanish version of the 
Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS-III-A). It was found that the lifetime 
frequency of substance use disorders was significantly higher in medical 
than in pharmacy students, but this difference disappeared when the sex was 
controlled. Substance use disorders were more common in single males and 
most cases were observed in subjects in their intermediate academic 
semesters. It was also found that the frequency of non-pathological use of 
drugs was higher in medical than in pharmacy students and in men than in 
women. The frequency of substance use disorders in our sample was smaller 
than that reported in American surveys of substance misuse among medical and 
pharmacy students. However, because of methodological differences these 
comparisons are questionable. Our results suggest that Venezuelan medical 
students are not at an unusually high risk of substance misuse when compared 
with pharmacy students whose reputedly low levels of substance use are often 
contrasted with those of the medical profession.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  amphetamine
  barbituric acid derivative
  cannabis
  cocaine
  diamorphine
  drug
  psychedelic agent
  tranquilizer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  substance abuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  female
  human
  major clinical study
  male
  medical student
  pharmacy
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  sex difference
  student
  tobacco
  university
  Venezuela
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1994078721
MEDLINE PMID
  8026299 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8026299)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(94)90132-5
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 936
TITLE
  Tangential symbols: Using visual symbolization to teach pharmacological 
principles of drug addiction to international audiences
AUTHOR NAMES
  Giannini A.J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Giannini A.J.) 3040 Belmont Avenue, Youngstown, OH 44504, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  A.J. Giannini, 3040 Belmont Avenue, Youngstown, OH 44504, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1993) 33:12 (1139-1146). Date of 
Publication: 1993
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Visual art was used to teach the biopsychiatric model of addiction to 
audiences in the Caribbean, Europe and Mideast. Art slides were tangentially 
linked to slides of pharmacological data. Stylistically dense art was 
processed by the intuitive right brain while spare notational 
pharmacological data was processed by the intellectual (rationalistic) left 
brain. Simultaneous presentation of these data enhanced attention and 
retention. This teaching paradigm was based on the nonliterate methods 
developed by Medieval architects and refined by Italian Renaissance 
philosopher, Marsilio Ficino.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amphetamine derivative (pharmacology)
  barbituric acid derivative (pharmacology)
  cathinone (pharmacology)
  diazepam (pharmacology)
  ethchlorvynol (pharmacology)
  methaqualone (pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzatropine (pharmacology)
  bromocriptine (drug therapy)
  cocaine (pharmacology)
  codeine (pharmacology)
  desipramine (drug therapy)
  haloperidol (drug therapy)
  ketamine (pharmacology)
  lysergide (pharmacology)
  mescaline (pharmacology)
  morphine derivative (pharmacology)
  naloxone (drug therapy)
  phencyclidine (pharmacology)
  physostigmine (drug therapy)
  psilocybine (pharmacology)
  stramonium
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence (drug therapy, prevention)
  medical education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug classification
  history of medicine
  human
  object relation
  symbolism
  teaching hospital
  vision
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  benzatropine (86-13-5)
  bromocriptine (25614-03-3)
  cathinone (5265-18-9, 71031-15-7, 77271-59-1)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  ethchlorvynol (113-18-8)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  ketamine (1867-66-9, 6740-88-1, 81771-21-3)
  lysergide (50-37-3)
  mescaline (11006-96-5, 54-04-6, 832-92-8)
  methaqualone (340-56-7, 72-44-6, 8056-67-5)
  naloxone (357-08-4, 465-65-6)
  phencyclidine (77-10-1, 956-90-1)
  physostigmine (57-47-6, 64-47-1)
  psilocybine (520-52-5)
  stramonium (8063-18-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1994027823
MEDLINE PMID
  7510314 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7510314)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 937
TITLE
  Pharmacy, undergraduates' and preregistration pharmacists' attitudes towards 
drug misuse and HIV
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sheridan J.
  Barber N.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sheridan J.; Barber N.D.) School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 
Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J. Sheridan, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick 
Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
SOURCE
  Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy (1993) 10:4 (163-170). Date of 
Publication: 1993
ISSN
  0281-0662
ABSTRACT
  The objectives of this study were: 1. To identify attitudes of pharmacy 
undergraduates (UG) and preregistration pharmacists (PR) towards drug misuse 
and HIV/AIDS. 2. To determine the level of tharmacy related experience of 
respondents in the areas of drug misuse and HIV/AIDS. 3. To determine the 
UGs) and PRs' perception of education at the School of Pharmacy, with 
respect to drug misuse and HIV/AIDS. 4. To investigate the use of 
information sources by UG and PR for information on HIV/AIDS and drug 
misuse. All third year UG and the previous year's UG, now PR pharmacists, 
were provided with questionnaires. Results indicated that both cohorts had a 
representative degree of professional exposure to drug misusers and the 
supply of controlled drugs. Both cohorts exhibited a positive professional 
attitude, believing that pharmacists had a role to play in the prevention of 
the spread of HIV. However, some negative attitudes were expressed which may 
have been related to fear, stigmatisation of intravenous drug misusers and 
persons with HIV, and lack of knowledge. Both cohorts indicated that they 
did not know enough to be able to counsel clients about drug misuse and 
HIV/AIDS. Results of the investigations into the use of information sources 
showed an underutilisation of professional journals and professional texts 
by undergraduates. Opinions on the teaching of these subjects at the School 
of Pharmacy was mixed. Principal components analysis produced evidence of 
three different 'types' of respondent; a general response of 'good' to 
'poor', a differentiation between the scientific and social content, and a 
differentiation between teaching on HIV/AIDS and on drug misuse. The results 
of the study will be used to assess the educational content and methodology 
of these subjects. Further research will be required into the relationship 
between knowledge and attitude and into the effect of teaching on attitude 
and knowledge.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  article
  drug abuse
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1994089904
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 938
TITLE
  A problem-solving system of instruction (CINE') on the pharmacology of drug 
dependence
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hutcheon D.
  Gertner S.
  Havelin D.M.
  Flynn E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hutcheon D.; Gertner S.; Havelin D.M.; Flynn E.) Pharmacology/Toxicology 
Department, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103, United 
States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D. Hutcheon, Pharmacology/Toxicology Department, New Jersey Medical School, 
UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
SOURCE
  NIDA Research Monograph Series (1993) :132 (324). Date of Publication: 1993
ISSN
  1046-9516
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  adrenergic receptor stimulating agent
  cocaine
  dopamine receptor stimulating agent
  serotonin agonist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  microcomputer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  calculation
  conference paper
  decision making
  drug antagonism
  drug screening
  drug tolerance
  drug toxicity
  drug withdrawal
  human
  laboratory
  learning
  technology
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1993301872
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 939
TITLE
  Establishment of a bone marrow transplant satellite pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Woloschuk D.M.M.
  Nazeravich D.R.
  Gray L.J.
  Larter J.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Woloschuk D.M.M.; Nazeravich D.R.; Gray L.J.; Larter J.M.) Health Sciences 
Centre, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Services, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, 
Man. R3A 1R9, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.M.M. Woloschuk, Health Sciences Centre, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Services, 
820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Man. R3A 1R9, Canada.
SOURCE
  Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1993) 46:1 (5-11). Date of 
Publication: 1993
ISSN
  0008-4123
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 30 Concourse Gate, Unit 3, Ottawa, 
Canada.
ABSTRACT
  The planning, establishment and operation of a bone marrow transplant 
(B.M.T.) satellite pharmacy in a 1100-bed teaching hospital are described. 
The B.M.T. satellite pharmacy was established because of the specialized 
pharmaceutical care needs of this patient population with a high risk for 
drug-related problems. The satellite pharmacy, which is located within a 
19-bed Oncology Unit, provides integrated clinical-distributive services 
(unit-dose, IV-admixture system) to all B.M.T. patients. The satellite is 
open 10.5 hours per day, seven days per week. Staff consists of three 
full-time equivalent (F.T.E.) staff pharmacists, a 0.5 F.T.E. technician, 
and one F.T.E. clinical pharmacist. Staff pharmacists rotate between 
provision of B.M.T. pharmacy services, and provision of pharmacy services 
for the provincial Home Parenteral Nutrition program. The pharmacists are 
responsible for all aspects of drug distribution and clinical services for 
B.M.T. patients. Additional drug distribution and clinical services are 
provided to other Oncology Unit patients. The establishment of a satellite 
pharmacy has provided unique opportunities for pharmaceutical care of the 
B.M.T. patient.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  cyclosporin A (drug therapy)
  prednisone (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  bone marrow transplantation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  graft rejection (drug therapy)
  human
  patient care
  pharmacy
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cyclosporin A (59865-13-3, 63798-73-2)
  prednisone (53-03-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Hematology (25)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English, French
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1993138562
MEDLINE PMID
  10124614 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10124614)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 940
TITLE
  Effects of an education program for community pharmacists on detecting 
drug-related problems in elderly patients.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kimberlin C.L.
  Berardo D.H.
  Pendergast J.F.
  McKenzie L.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kimberlin C.L.; Berardo D.H.; Pendergast J.F.; McKenzie L.C.) Department of 
Pharmacy Health Care Administration, University of Florida, Gainesville 
32610.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  C.L. Kimberlin, Department of Pharmacy Health Care Administration, 
University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
SOURCE
  Medical care (1993) 31:5 (451-468). Date of Publication: May 1993
ISSN
  0025-7079
ABSTRACT
  Community pharmacists are in a position to assume increased responsibility 
for preventing and resolving drug-related problems in ambulatory patients. 
Such an expanded role is mandated under provisions of the Omnibus Budget 
Reconciliation Act of 1990. The need for pharmacist oversight of drug 
therapy may be most acute in elderly patients. This study reports on a 
program to teach community pharmacists a process of assessing drug therapy 
of elderly patients and intervening to correct problems. Community 
pharmacists (N = 102) were assigned to treatment and control conditions. 
Both groups targeted patients meeting criteria and enrolled them into the 
study. Treatment group pharmacists, who participated in a training program, 
also assessed the medication use of enrolled patients to identify and 
resolve medication-related problems. Patients (N = 762) were telephoned by 
researchers 1 month after enrollment for an interview. Comparisons between 
treatment and control group patients were made on reports of pharmacist 
activities, knowledge of regimens, compliance, and potential drug therapy 
problems, such as interactions and side effects. Treatment patients were 
more likely to report that pharmacists provided information and assessed for 
problems than were control patients. These differences were maintained on 
3-month follow-up questionnaires. No differences were found on the odds that 
patients indicated misunderstanding of regimens, non-compliance, or 
potential therapeutic problems.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug (adverse drug reaction, drug administration)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  human relation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  article
  clinical trial
  comparative study
  controlled study
  counseling
  female
  follow up
  human
  male
  middle aged
  patient compliance
  randomized controlled trial
  time
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  8501992 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8501992)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 941
TITLE
  Pharmacy students' experience with identifying and solving drug-related 
problems during clinical clerkship
AUTHOR NAMES
  Briceland L.L.
  Hamilton R.A.
  Kane M.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Briceland L.L.; Hamilton R.A.; Kane M.P.) Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 
New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.L. Briceland, Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, 
NY 12208, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1993) 50:2 (294-296). Date of 
Publication: 1993
ISSN
  0002-9289
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical education
  clinical pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug indication
  drug industry
  note
  patient compliance
  pharmacist
  priority journal
  problem solving
  student
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1993051948
MEDLINE PMID
  8480787 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8480787)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 942
TITLE
  Pharmacy education and drug abuse in Pakistan.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Khan I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Khan I.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  I. Khan,
SOURCE
  World health forum (1992) 13:1 (57-58). Date of Publication: 1992
ISSN
  0251-2432
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (prevention)
  education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug legislation
  letter
  Pakistan
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  1637476 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1637476)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 943
TITLE
  Clinical pharmacology and the provision of drug information
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ohman B.
  Lyrvall H.
  Tornqvist E.
  Alvan G.
  Sjoqvist F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ohman B.; Lyrvall H.; Tornqvist E.; Alvan G.; Sjoqvist F.) Drug Information 
Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Huddinge University Hospital, 
S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  B. Ohman, Drug Information Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 
Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
SOURCE
  European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1992) 42:6 (563-567). Date of 
Publication: 1992
ISSN
  0031-6970
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Springer Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, Heidelberg, Germany.
ABSTRACT
  Clinical pharmacologists have a service role in the provision of drug 
information to individuals both in hospitals and primary health care. We 
present here a systematic approach in answering questions in a drug 
information centre (DIC), and describe the working method and the 
documentation of the work in a question answer (Q/A) data base. Drugline is 
a full-text data base offering problem-oriented drug evaluation comparable 
to a clinical consultation. The drug information is produced in a 
non-commercial drug information centre sponsored by the national health care 
section and the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies, and run jointly 
by clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists. A minor part of Drugline is 
available in English for online searching, in parallel with Medline at the 
database host, the Medical Information Centre at the Karolinska Institute 
Library and Information Centre, and the users represent mainly medical 
libraries, hospital pharmacies, university clinics, and the pharmaceutical 
industry. A network of DICs has been organized in Swedish university 
hospitals with access to Drugline for searching and the storage of questions 
and answers. This network has the potential for expansion throughout Europe. 
It offers the unique possibility of complementing drug product information 
with problem-oriented drug information emerging from cases in the real world 
of prescribing.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacology
  data base
  drug information
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cost
  drug industry
  education
  health care
  pharmacy
  physician
  priority journal
  short survey
  training
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Biophysics, Bioengineering and Medical Instrumentation (27)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1992173517
MEDLINE PMID
  1623895 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1623895)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 944
TITLE
  Evaluation of patient-care interventions by Pharm.D. clerkship students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Briceland L.L.
  Kane M.P.
  Hamilton R.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Briceland L.L.; Kane M.P.; Hamilton R.A.) Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 
New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.L. Briceland, Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, 
NY 12208, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1992) 49:5 (1130-1132). Date of 
Publication: 1992
ISSN
  0002-9289
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  A program is described in which Pharm.D. clerkship students provide 
pharmaceutical care by identifying drug-related problems, suggesting 
interventions to solve the problems, and documenting the patient's outcome. 
Four doctor of pharmacy degree students under the direct guidance of a 
clinical pharmacy preceptor suggested 231 patient-care interventions during 
their clinical rotations; 219 (94.8%) of the interventions were either fully 
or partially accepted by the prescriber. The most commonly solved drug- 
related problems were underdose (31.5%) and overdose (17.4%), followed by 
untreated indications (14.1%) and drug given without indication (13.7%). The 
remainder of the drug-related problems that the students solved were 
improper drug selection, failure to receive drug, adverse drug reactions, or 
drug interactions. All but 10 interventions were considered by preceptors to 
be significant contributions to patient care. The interventions were 
estimated to have decreased drug costs in 50.7% of the cases, increased drug 
costs in 23.7% of the cases, and not changed drug costs in 25.6% of the 
cases. Patient outcomes were documented by the students in 58.9% of cases; 
the desired goals of the accepted intervention were achieved in all 
documented cases. A preceptor-supervised intervention program was beneficial 
to Pharm.D. students and patients and was well received by prescribers.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  patient care
  problem solving
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  conference paper
  cost benefit analysis
  documentation
  drug choice
  drug induced disease (prevention)
  drug overdose (prevention)
  drug use
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1992164998
MEDLINE PMID
  1595740 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1595740)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 945
TITLE
  Availability of narcotics and pharmacists' attitudes toward narcotic 
prescriptions for cancer patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Holdsworth M.T.
  Raisch D.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Holdsworth M.T.; Raisch D.W.) College of Pharmacy, University of New 
Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.T. Holdsworth, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 
NM 87131, United States.
SOURCE
  Annals of Pharmacotherapy (1992) 26:3 (321-326). Date of Publication: 1992
ISSN
  1060-0280
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  OBJECTIVE: To determine narcotic availability and pharmacist apprehension 
toward dispensing narcotics for cancer patients. DESIGN: Mailing of a one- 
page survey. SETTING: All pharmacies in the state of New Mexico. 
PARTICIPANTS: Of the 309 pharmacies, 76.1 percent (235) completed the 
survey. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Apprehension was significantly 
elevated for methadone, hydromorphone, and for morphine doses >500 mg/d 
(p<0.001). The most common reasons listed for apprehension were forgery 
(46.4 percent), theft (40.4 percent), high dosages (23.8 percent), narcotic 
investigations (18.7 percent), and patient addiction (9.4 percent). 
Hydromorphone was available (in stock) in 80.5 percent of the pharmacies, 
followed by morphine 30-mg sustained-release tablets (64.5 percent) and 
methadone (53.4 percent). The vast majority of pharmacists were willing to 
order strong narcotics for specific patients. Pharmacists working in chain 
stores expressed a higher level of apprehension toward dispensing methadone 
and more frequently cited forgery as a reason for apprehension. Distance 
from a metropolitan area and practice setting best predicted apprehension to 
forgery (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists do not appear to be a major 
obstruction to adequate analgesia for cancer patients in New Mexico but may 
require further education regarding lack of narcotic addiction and dosing in 
patients with cancer.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic agent
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  hydromorphone
  methadone
  morphine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude
  cancer patient
  pharmacist
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  analgesia
  article
  drug dose
  education
  forgery
  human
  human experiment
  narcotic dependence
  priority journal
  United States
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1992124843
MEDLINE PMID
  1554950 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1554950)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 946
TITLE
  Research review. Opiate tolerance and dependence: Recent findings and 
synthesis
AUTHOR NAMES
  Trujillo K.A.
  Akil H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Trujillo K.A.; Akil H.) Mental Health Research Institute, University of 
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0720
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 
48109-0720
SOURCE
  New Biologist (1991) 3:10 (915-923). Date of Publication: 1991
ISSN
  1043-4674
ABSTRACT
  Recent studies have led to a greater understanding of the behavioral, 
cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying opiate tolerance and physical 
dependence. Behavioral studies have demonstrated that both direct 
pharmacological effects and the learning of interactions between drug 
effects and environmental cues are important in these phenomena. Behavioral 
studies have also revealed that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors may play a 
role in their development (or acquisition). Although in early cellular 
studies no consistent role was found for opioid receptors or endogenous 
opioid peptides in opiate tolerance and dependence, recent experiments 
suggest that β-endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin neurons may indeed have 
a role. Finally, studies at the molecular level suggest that a functional 
decoupling of opioid receptors from GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) may be 
important. In this review, we discuss these disparate findings and present a 
synthesis that shows how they might together contribute to the phenomena of 
opiate tolerance and physical dependence.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  beta endorphin (endogenous compound)
  dynorphin (endogenous compound)
  enkephalin (endogenous compound)
  guanine nucleotide binding protein (endogenous compound)
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor
  opiate receptor
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  beta endorphin (59887-17-1)
  dynorphin (74913-18-1)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1991349911
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 947
TITLE
  Personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in alcoholic 
women
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hallman J.
  Knorring L.V.
  Edman G.
  Oreland L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hallman J.; Knorring L.V.; Edman G.; Oreland L.) Department of Medical 
Pharmacology, BMC, POB 593, 751 24 Uppsala
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Medical Pharmacology, BMC, POB 593, 751 24 Uppsala
SOURCE
  Addictive Behaviors (1991) 16:6 (533-541). Date of Publication: 1991
ISSN
  0306-4603
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Elsevier Ltd, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  Twenty-nine women, sent to an inpatient treatment facility for 
rehabilitation and social training after treatment for heavy alcohol abuse, 
were compared with 29 female students of pharmacy or medicine with regard to 
platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and extraversion-impulsivity and 
anxiety-proneness personality traits. The alcoholic females were found to 
have slightly lower platelet MAO activity than the controls, the difference 
being considerably smaller than that previously found between male 
alcoholics and male controls. The personality pattern of the female 
alcoholics is in line with that previously found in alcoholic males. Thus, 
the female alcoholics were characterized by high anxiety proneness, 
impulsive acting-out behaviour, sensation seeking, social withdrawal, and a 
hostile attitude.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amine oxidase (flavin containing) (endogenous compound)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  enzyme activity
  personality
  thrombocyte
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  acting out
  anxiety
  article
  blood analysis
  clinical article
  controlled study
  female
  hostility
  human
  impulsiveness
  psychosocial withdrawal
  rating scale
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amine oxidase (flavin containing) (37255-42-8, 9001-66-5, 9059-11-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry (29)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1992027195
MEDLINE PMID
  1801577 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1801577)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(91)90061-L
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 948
TITLE
  Misperceptions and inadequate pain management in cancer patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bressler L.R.
  Geraci M.C.
  Schatz B.S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bressler L.R.; Geraci M.C.; Schatz B.S.) Pharmacy Practice Department, 
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 S. Wood, Chicago, IL 60612, 
United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  L.R. Bressler, Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, University 
of Illinois, 833 S. Wood, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
SOURCE
  DICP, Annals of Pharmacotherapy (1991) 25:11 (1225-1230). Date of 
Publication: 1991
ISSN
  1042-9611
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Harvey Whitney Books Company, 8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 415, Cincinnati, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  This article examines misperceptions and barriers to adequate pain relief in 
cancer patients. Healthcare professionals have gaps in their knowledge of 
opioid drugs as well as misconceptions concerning tolerance, physical 
dependence, and addiction that often lead to the underprescribing of these 
agents. The pervasiveness of the 'say no to drugs' message in our society 
and the fear of addiction on the part of patients and their families creates 
yet another barrier to the legitimate use of opioids to treat cancer pain. 
Legal and regulatory documents filled with arbitrary and ill-defined labels 
meant to promote the legitimate use of these drugs and curtail their misuse 
may instead intimidate healthcare professionals and negatively influence 
prescribing habits. Increased educational efforts for pharmacists and other 
healthcare professionals as well as the development of clinical role models 
and state cancer pain initiatives are cited as means to break down these 
barriers in order to achieve adequate pain relief for all cancer patients.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate (drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  codeine (drug combination, drug therapy)
  hydromorphone (drug therapy)
  morphine (drug therapy)
  paracetamol (drug combination, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  analgesia
  cancer pain (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug abuse
  drug choice
  drug dependence
  drug information
  drug tolerance
  drug use
  health care personnel
  human
  physician
  prescription
  priority journal
  review
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  dilaudid
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  codeine (76-57-3)
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Cancer (16)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1992020866
MEDLINE PMID
  1722370 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1722370)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 949
TITLE
  Molecular mechanisms of memory and drug dependence.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Alkon D.L.
  Matzel L.D.
  Collin C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Alkon D.L.; Matzel L.D.; Collin C.) National Institutes of Health, 
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bethesda, MD 20892.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.L. Alkon, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Molecular and 
Cellular Neurobiology, Bethesda, MD 20892.
SOURCE
  Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement. (1991) 1 (35-37). 
Date of Publication: 1991
ISSN
  1358-6173
ABSTRACT
  Addiction has long been thought to include both metabolic and psychological 
dependence. Psychological dependence must involve long-term memory of 
behavioral patterns in response to specific experimental contexts. Mammalian 
memory, and more specifically, human memory, is largely associative. Animal 
models of associative memory have been provided by Pavlovian conditioning of 
the snail Hermissenda crassicornis and the rabbit. Striking parallels have 
been observed in the intrinsic molecular and biophysical transformations 
which accompany acquisition of the conditioned response in these different 
animals. In brief, associated stimuli cause elevation of Ca2+ and 
diacylglycerol, translocation of protein kinase C, phosphorylation of a 
membrane-associated G-protein, reduction of K+ currents, modification of 
axonal transport and structural alterations of neuronal branches. These 
changes can be understood and modelled as a plausible basis for memory 
acquisition during conditioning as well as more cognitively relevant 
learning such as spatial maze learning for which related neuronal 
alterations have recently been found. Identification of memory-specific 
molecular steps may help target pharmacologic agents for amelioration of 
learned aspects of psychiatric syndromes such as those of drug dependence.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  memory
  snail
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal
  human
  pathophysiology
  physiology
  psychological aspect
  review
  synapse
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  1845561 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1845561)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 950
TITLE
  A cognitive-social learning approach to relapse: pharmacotherapy and relapse 
prevention counselling.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Annis H.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Annis H.M.) Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  H.M. Annis, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
SOURCE
  Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement. (1991) 1 
(527-530). Date of Publication: 1991
ISSN
  1358-6173
ABSTRACT
  A cognitive-social learning model of relapse prevention, specifically Albert 
Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, is one of the most influential 
theoretical frameworks that has been applied to the problem of relapse in 
the substance abuse field. Theory and research within this approach are 
reviewed and future directions for research are suggested. It is proposed 
that the critical distinction drawn between treatment strategies aimed at 
"initiation" versus "maintenance" of behaviour change provides a theoretical 
framework for the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of alcohol 
problems. Pharmacological agents can be powerful in initiating a change in 
consumption, but if patients externally attribute to the drug the cause of 
their improvement, maintenance of improvement following withdrawal of the 
drug is likely to be poor. Relapse prevention counselling procedures, on the 
other hand, have been designed to provide self-attribution for change in 
drinking behaviour on the part of patients to promote maintenance of 
treatment effects. A combined approach using pharmacological agents (aimed 
at initiating a change in drinking) in conjunction with relapse prevention 
counselling procedures (aimed at fostering internal attribution and 
maintenance of change) should improve long-term outcome results. Available 
empirical evidence is presented.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cyanamide (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism (drug therapy, rehabilitation)
  counseling
  learning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cognition
  human
  psychological aspect
  recurrent disease
  review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  cyanamide (151-51-9, 420-04-2)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  1845593 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1845593)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 951
TITLE
  Management of panic disorders
AUTHOR NAMES
  Alexander P.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Alexander P.E.)
SOURCE
  Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (1991) 23:4 (329-333). Date of Publication: 
1991
ISSN
  0279-1072
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Haight-Ashbury Publications, 612 Clayton Street, San Francisco, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Panic disorders are medical conditions requiring an eclectic treatment 
approach that often combines pharmacotherapeutics with education, cognitive- 
behavior therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. This article focuses on the 
management of medication within this framework. The medications that have 
been found to be effective include tricyclic antidepressants, fluoxetine, 
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and higher potency benzodiazepines. Although 
alprazolam is the most studied medication and acts very rapidly, each type 
of medication has unique advantages and liabilities. The general treatment 
strategy with all the medications is to start with a low dose and increase 
it slowly until side effects develop or panic attacks cease. The treatment 
approach should be oriented toward a chronic illness that often requires 
long-term medication.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alprazolam (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  benzodiazepine derivative (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  fluoxetine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  monoamine oxidase inhibitor (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (adverse drug reaction, drug dose, drug 
therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  caffeine (adverse drug reaction)
  desipramine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  imipramine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
  phenelzine (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  panic (drug therapy, side effect, therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  diet
  drug dependence (side effect)
  human
  mania (side effect)
  orthostatic hypotension (side effect)
  review
  tachycardia (side effect)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  fluoxetine (54910-89-3, 56296-78-7, 59333-67-4)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  phenelzine (156-51-4, 51-71-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1992114736
MEDLINE PMID
  1813604 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1813604)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 952
TITLE
  Pharmacy practice in private clinics in Nigeria
AUTHOR NAMES
  Erhun W.O.
  Ademola-Oresanya Y.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Erhun W.O.; Ademola-Oresanya Y.) Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, P.O. 
Box 531, Mushin
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, P.O. Box 531, Mushin
SOURCE
  Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy (1991) 8:3 (136-140). Date of 
Publication: 1991
ISSN
  0281-0662
ABSTRACT
  Hospital Pharmacy Practice is well established in government owned health 
institutions in Nigeria. This is not the case with the private institutions. 
This study sought to examine the role(s) played by pharmacists in private 
clinics, the physicians' perception of the pharmacist's role especially as 
it relates to the indispensability of the pharmacist and the distribution of 
pharmacies in these institutions. 64 private clinics were studied using 
questionnaires, structured interview and personal observation. 59% of the 
clinics had pharmacies and 48% of these had resident pharmacists. Physicians 
generally indicated that pharmacists were needed in private clinics for 
cases of drug abuse, misuse, and drug interactions. Some indicated that 
pharmacists may also assist in improving quality of health services. 
However, 48% of the physicians in the hospitals without resident pharmacists 
attributed it to lack of funds, hospital size and pharmacists' preference 
for part time jobs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health care system
  pharmacy
  private practice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  cooperation
  human
  job performance
  Nigeria
  pharmacist
  physician
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1992067263
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 953
TITLE
  The issues of chemical dependency in dentistry.
AUTHOR NAMES
  MacDonald R.M.
  MacInnis W.A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (MacDonald R.M.; MacInnis W.A.) Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 
Halifax, N.S.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.M. MacDonald, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S.
SOURCE
  Journal (Canadian Dental Association) (1991) 57:11 (873-874, 876). Date of 
Publication: Nov 1991
ISSN
  0709-8936
ABSTRACT
  The problem of chemical dependency is a topical issue in society today. With 
the increase in the number and types of prescription drugs, the 
proliferation of illegal drugs, and easy access to alcohol, chemical 
dependency has no socioeconomic boundaries. Professionals, blue collar 
workers and students, both male and female, are susceptible to the problem. 
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on chemical dependency 
as it relates to the profession of dentistry. It will also look at the 
definition, prevalence, etiology, recognition, treatment and prevention of 
chemical dependency. Most of the evidence from the literature indicates that 
chemical dependency is a disease; it is treatable and can be prevented. The 
treatment of the disease requires the input of support groups at the 
professional level as well as at student level. The prevention of chemical 
dependency must begin in the curricula of dental schools with emphasis on 
the pharmacology and interaction of drugs.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (epidemiology)
  dentist
  malpractice
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  Canada (epidemiology)
  human
  prevalence
  review
  United States (epidemiology)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  1747816 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1747816)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 954
TITLE
  Opiate tolerance and dependence: recent findings and synthesis.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Trujillo K.A.
  Akil H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Trujillo K.A.; Akil H.) Mental Health Research Institute, University of 
Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0720.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.A. Trujillo, Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann 
Arbor 48109-0720.
SOURCE
  The New biologist (1991) 3:10 (915-923). Date of Publication: Oct 1991
ISSN
  1043-4674
ABSTRACT
  Recent studies have led to a greater understanding of the behavioral, 
cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying opiate tolerance and physical 
dependence. Behavioral studies have demonstrated that both direct 
pharmacological effects and the learning of interactions between drug 
effects and environmental cues are important in these phenomena. Behavioral 
studies have also revealed that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors may play a 
role in their development (or acquisition). Although in early cellular 
studies no consistent role was found for opioid receptors or endogenous 
opioid peptides in opiate tolerance and dependence, recent experiments 
suggest that beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin neurons may indeed 
have a role. Finally, studies at the molecular level suggest that a 
functional decoupling of opioid receptors from GTP-binding proteins (G 
proteins) may be important. In this review, we discuss these disparate 
findings and present a synthesis that shows how they might together 
contribute to the phenomena of opiate tolerance and physical dependence.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  narcotic agent (adverse drug reaction, drug therapy, pharmacology)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  calcium
  dizocilpine maleate (pharmacology)
  endorphin
  guanine nucleotide binding protein
  n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor
  opiate receptor
  proopiomelanocortin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  opiate addiction
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal
  biological model
  biosynthesis
  drug antagonism
  drug effect
  drug tolerance
  gene expression regulation
  genetics
  human
  learning
  male
  metabolism
  nerve cell plasticity
  physiology
  rat
  rat strain
  review
  second messenger
  withdrawal syndrome
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  calcium (7440-70-2)
  dizocilpine maleate (77086-22-7)
  endorphin (60118-07-2)
  proopiomelanocortin (66796-54-1)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  1662985 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1662985)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 955
TITLE
  Geriatric pharmacy education in the United States of America
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cooper J.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cooper J.W.) Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, The 
University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, The University of 
Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
SOURCE
  Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy (1991) 5:4 (21-37). Date of Publication: 
1991
ISSN
  8756-4629
ABSTRACT
  The evolution of geriatric pharmacy education in the United States of 
America has been an outgrowth of the clinical pharmacy movement over the 
past 25 years. The establishment and further development of professional 
organizations that address the needs of the geriatric patient population 
include the American Society of Hospital Pharmacy, American Society of 
Consultant Pharmacists, and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. 
Despite gradual progress in the development of clinical educational 
programs, there are no required educational accreditation requirements for 
geriatrics training. There are health care needs and a high prevalence of 
unresolved drug-related problems of drug misuse and adverse reaction found 
in geriatric patients at all levels of care. The academic didactic courses 
for entry level clinicians in geriatrics include rigorous courses in 
pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacokinetics, patient assessment, and 
drug information. Clerkships at all levels of care that develop drug therapy 
consultation skills for geriatric patients, over a minimum of 1500 hours, 
should be an entry level requirement for all future practitioners of 
pharmacy. Post-graduate residency and fellowship training programs for the 
recent graduates and mini-residencies and concise certificate courses for 
past graduates should be encouraged for the development of a national 
standard of pharmacy care for geriatric patients.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  geriatrics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  education
  review
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1991232553
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 956
TITLE
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
AUTHOR NAMES
  Biederman J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Biederman J.) Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 
02114
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114
SOURCE
  Annals of Clinical Psychiatry (1991) 3:1 (9-22). Date of Publication: 1991
ISSN
  1040-1237
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Dowden Health Media,Inc, 110 Summit Avenue, Montvale, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent 
disorder that has an onset in early childhood, but persists frequently into 
adolescence and adulthood. Outcome studies suggest continued deleterious 
effects in adolescence and adulthood with continued academic impairment, and 
increased risk for the development of antisocial behaviors, substance abuse, 
and psychopathology. Recent findings indicate that ADHD is highly familial 
and that discrete subtypes may be identified based on patterns of 
comorbidity, particularly with conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders. These 
subtypes may have differing risk factors, clinical course, and 
pharmacological responses. Treatment needs to be multimodal and may include 
individual therapy, family counseling and parental guidance, cognitive and 
behavior therapy, remedial educational interventions, and pharmacotherapy. 
The mainstay of pharmacotherapy has been the stimulant medications, but 
alternative interventions including tricyclic antidepressants are available. 
Patients and families should be educated regarding the nature of this 
disorder, the available interventions, and the need for long-term support 
and follow-up.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amfebutamone (drug therapy)
  amphetamine (drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy)
  clonidine (drug therapy)
  methylphenidate (drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy)
  monoamine oxidase inhibitor (drug therapy)
  tricyclic antidepressant agent (drug comparison, drug dose, drug therapy)
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  desipramine (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  imipramine (drug comparison, drug therapy)
  placebo (drug comparison)
  propranolol (drug therapy)
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  antisocial behavior
  anxiety
  attention deficit disorder (drug therapy)
  family
  hyperactivity
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  child
  human
  review
  short survey
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amfebutamone (31677-93-7, 34911-55-2)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1991186162
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 957
TITLE
  Alcohol use and abuse in random samples of physicians and medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  McAuliffe W.E.
  Rohman M.
  Breer P.
  Wyshak G.
  Santangelo S.
  Magnuson E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McAuliffe W.E.; Rohman M.; Breer P.; Wyshak G.; Santangelo S.; Magnuson E.) 
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Hospital, 1493 
Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  W.E. McAuliffe, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 
Hospital, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Public Health (1991) 81:2 (177-182). Date of 
Publication: 1991
ISSN
  0090-0036
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Public Health Association Inc., 800 I Street NW, Washington, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Background. This study sought to resolve conflicting views about whether 
physicians are especially prone to alcohol abuse. Methods. Using an 
anonymous, mailed questionnaire on substance use, we surveyed 500 
physicians, 510 pharmacists, and 974 of their students. The physicians and 
pharmacists were selected randomly from the state society's membership 
lists, and students selected were from local school lists. Follow-up surveys 
were sent to nonresponders at two-week intervals. Results. The physicians 
and medical students did not drink especially heavily and were no more 
vulnerable to alcoholism than were their counterparts in pharmacy and other 
professions. Physicians differed from pharmacists in their style of drinking 
(greater frequency, smaller quantity), but not in total amount of alcohol 
consumed. Drinking habits among physicians were not associated with medical 
specialty or type of practice, but were positively related to gender (males 
drank more than females) and to age (older doctors were more apt to qualify 
as heavy drinkers than were younger doctors). Conclusions. Physicians were 
no more likely to abuse substances nonmedically than were other 
professionals. Any group in which alcohol use is nearly universal incurs a 
risk of abuse and impairment that cannot be ignored.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol consumption
  alcoholism
  drinking behavior
  medical student
  pharmacist
  physician
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  female
  human
  male
  normal human
  priority journal
  questionnaire
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1991117368
MEDLINE PMID
  1990855 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990855)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 958
TITLE
  Evaluation of substance abuse education courses in colleges of pharmacy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Miederhoff P.A.
  Lyng S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Miederhoff P.A.; Lyng S.) Department of Sociology, Virginia Commonwealth 
University, Richmond, VA 23298
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Sociology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 
23298
SOURCE
  Research Communications in Substances of Abuse (1990) 11:3 (135-151). Date 
of Publication: 1990
ISSN
  0193-0818
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  drug abuse
  education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  human
  normal human
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1990380840
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 959
TITLE
  Use of psychoactive drugs for nontherapeutic reasons by pharmacy students in 
Puerto Rico
AUTHOR NAMES
  Chavez M.L.
  Chavez P.I.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Chavez M.L.; Chavez P.I.) Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto 
Rico, G.P.O. Box 5067, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M.L. Chavez, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, G.P.O. Box 
5067, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1990) 47:11 (2520-2522). Date of 
Publication: 1990
ISSN
  0002-9289
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  psychostimulant agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  college student
  drug abuse
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  conference paper
  female
  human
  male
  normal human
  priority journal
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1991016384
MEDLINE PMID
  2278266 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2278266)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 960
TITLE
  Pharmacy practice in a chemical-dependency treatment center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ives T.J.
  Stults C.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ives T.J.; Stults C.C.) School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 
Chapel Hill, NC
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  T.J. Ives, Dept. of Family Medicine, Box 7595, Univ. of North Carolina, 
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7595, United States.
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1990) 47:5 (1080-1083). Date of 
Publication: 1990
ISSN
  0002-9289
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  The role of a pharmacist in a chemical-dependency treatment center is 
described. A pharmacist joined the staff of an outpatient methadone 
maintenance and chemical-dependency clinic at the request of the clinic's 
medical staff. In addition to the standard dispensing role, the pharmacist 
provides drug information, counsels staff and patients, and serves as the 
medical clinic coordinator. The pharmacist is also responsible for taking 
medical and drug-use histories, initially evaluating the degree of chemical 
dependency, assisting in the development of drug therapy plans for 
chemically dependent patients, and monitoring the effect of prescribed 
regimens. Other duties include serving as a health educator within the 
community and as a preceptor for baccalaureate and Doctor of Pharmacy 
students during substance abuse clerkships, and consulting on the management 
of chemically dependent patients who are hospitalized for other illnesses or 
specific conditions. The pharmacist's knowledge of pharmacotherapy and drug 
products and skill in assessing and managing problems related to substance 
abuse allowed physicians and nurses more time for other patient-care 
activities and helped the behavioral counselors develop a better 
understanding of the pharmacologic aspects involved in the health care of 
chemically dependent patients. The inclusion of a pharmacist in the 
chemical-dependency health-care team in this outpatient setting was 
accepted, valued, and recommended by the rest of the clinic staff.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hypnotic agent
  methadone
  opiate
  sedative agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  health care
  pharmacist
  withdrawal syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  detoxification
  drug information
  drug monitoring
  education
  human
  patient information
  physician
  priority journal
  responsibility
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methadone (1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1990151524
MEDLINE PMID
  2337098 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2337098)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 961
TITLE
  The physician's role in smoking cessation. A present and future agenda
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nett L.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nett L.M.) Presbyterian St Luke's Center for health Science Education, 
Denver, CO
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Presbyterian St Luke's Center for health Science Education, Denver, CO
SOURCE
  Chest (1990) 97:2 SUPPL. (28S-32S). Date of Publication: 1990
ISSN
  0012-3692
BOOK PUBLISHER
  American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, United 
States.
ABSTRACT
  Medical views in the United States on the effects of smoking have shifted 
dramatically since the published evidence in 1958 established the link 
between smoking and fatal disease. Today's physician should be a nonsmoking 
role model, whose workplace both directly and indirectly teaches smoking 
cessation skills. Publications on smoking cessation techniques from the 
National Institutes of Health along with intervention tools such as patient 
smoking history questionnaires are available free of charge to physicians. 
Patient histories are critical to the intervention process, for they provide 
essential clues and information about which stage in cessation of smoking 
the patient has already reached: precontemplation, contemplation, action, 
and maintenance. Different approaches and techniques are required at each 
stage. The most important objective for the physician with a patient at the 
stage of contemplating quitting is to initiate a conversation leading to a 
directive to quit, with benefits of quitting stressed as reinforcement. 
Actively motivated patients committed to quit dates may need both 
educational and pharmacologic support; issues such as nicotine dependence 
and withdrawal symptoms must be addressed. Pharmacologic therapy at this 
time may consist of substitution of nicotine-containing gum (nicotine 
polacrilex) for cigarettes. Used in sufficient, regular dosages, the 
nicotine gum has been found to help diminish withdrawal symptoms following 
smoking cessation. Other drug therapies are currently under study. For now, 
nicotine replacement therapy (where indicated) is to be used for at least 
three months, the period of greatest chance of relapse. The physician should 
continue to encourage patients who have quit smoking to forestall relapses, 
while tacitly understanding that the incidence of relapse is high in 
first-time quitters. Hospital inpatients provide an opportunity to initiate 
bedside smoking cessation programs. The hope is that, in the future, 
hospitals will involve the entire health team in comprehensive smoking 
cessation programs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  nicotine gum
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic obstructive lung disease
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  conference paper
  education
  human
  oral drug administration
  priority journal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  nicotine gum (96055-45-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Cancer (16)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1990040676
MEDLINE PMID
  2404711 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2404711)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 962
TITLE
  Teaching clinical pharmacology: Coordination with medical pharmacology 
courses
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lathers C.M.
  Smith C.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lathers C.M.; Smith C.M.) Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of 
Pennsylvania/EPPI, Philadelphia, PA
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Pennsylvania/EPPI, 
Philadelphia, PA
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1989) 29:7 (581-597). Date of Publication: 
1989
ISSN
  0091-2700
BOOK PUBLISHER
  SAGE Publications Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, United States.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  clinical pharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  education
  human
  methodology
  organization and management
  review
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1989199859
MEDLINE PMID
  2668349 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2668349)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 963
TITLE
  Drug substitution and rational therapeutics. Old problems and new challenges
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nelson E.B.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nelson E.B.) Hypertension Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College 
of Medicine, Houston, TX
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Hypertension Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 
Houston, TX
SOURCE
  Postgraduate Medicine (1989) 86:1 (247-250). Date of Publication: 1989
ISSN
  0032-5481
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Medquest Communications LLC, 3800 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 201, Cleveland, 
United States.
ABSTRACT
  Drug substitution is a reality of current medical practice. Physicians need 
to be aware of how it affects patients both medically and economically. 
Continuing education in clinical pharmacology is essential. Although generic 
substitution and formulary restriction are usually acceptable, therapeutic 
substitution is not. The responsibility of instituting therapy by writing a 
prescription must not be delegated to non-physicians. This could ultimately 
lead to more problems with adverse drug reactions and poor clinical outcome.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  drug formulation
  priority journal
  substitution therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1989183518
MEDLINE PMID
  2740274 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740274)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 964
TITLE
  Odorour urine in man after asparagus
AUTHOR NAMES
  Richer C.
  Decker N.
  Belin J.
  Imbs J.L.
  Montastruc J.L.
  Giudicelli J.F.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Richer C.; Decker N.; Belin J.; Imbs J.L.; Montastruc J.L.; Giudicelli 
J.F.) Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hopital de Bicetre, 94275 Le 
Kremlin-Bicetre Cedex
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hopital de Bicetre, 94275 Le 
Kremlin-Bicetre Cedex
SOURCE
  British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1989) 27:5 (640-641). Date of 
Publication: 1989
ISSN
  0306-5251
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT
  It has been recognized for many years that after eating asparagus, some 
humans produce odorous urine. One hundred and three French citizens (100 
Caucasians, 2 Asians and 1 black) from three geographically distinct areas 
(Paris, n=36; Strasbourg, n=29; Toulouse, n=38) voluntered for the study. 
They were all members of the medical staffs of the Pharmacological 
Departments or students in medicine or pharmacy of the three universities. 
The subjects (age: 35.8 ± 1.1 years (18-61), weight: 63.8 ± 1.1 kg (42-93), 
53 males, 66 non smokers) were not taking any drug, or asparagus or cabbage 
during the 2 days prior to the study and were not allowed to smoke or to 
drink coffee, tea or alcoholic beverages on the day of the experiment. After 
they had voided urine at 09.00 h, asparagus (five sticks, approximately 60 
g) was administered to the fasting volunteers together with 250 ml of water. 
Urine was collected 1 and 3 h later and checked for the characteristic 
odour. All volunteers (100%) were found to produce odorous urnies. Thus no 
genetic polymorphism could be detected among the investigated French 
population and especially among the 100 Caucasian subjects.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  asparagus
  pharmacogenetics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  female
  France
  heredity
  human
  human experiment
  male
  normal human
  odor
  oral drug administration
  priority journal
  urine
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1989145143
MEDLINE PMID
  2757887 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2757887)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 965
TITLE
  Project outreach: Organizations unified to reach youth
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dunnington B.C.
  Hayes M.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dunnington B.C.; Hayes M.L.) University of Missouri-Kansas City School of 
Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO 64110
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO 64110
SOURCE
  Public Health Reports (1989) 104:1 (79-82). Date of Publication: 1989
ISSN
  0033-3539
BOOK PUBLISHER
  Association of Schools of Public Health, 1101 15th Street NW Suite 910, 
Washington, United States.
ABSTRACT
  Youths of today are forced to deal with the external pressures of alcohol 
and drug abuse on all levels - from the older youngsters across the street 
pressuring them to be 'cool', to the 'cute dog' enticing them with the 
glamour of being the original 'party animal'. Through today's mass 
communications, young people are exposed to negative, self-destructive 
attitudes. It is important, therefore, to expose them to a more positive 
influence and try to reach them through parental guidance, personal contact, 
and peer pressure. To achieve this, the University of Missouri's Kansas City 
Chapter of the American Pharmaceutical Association's Academy of Students of 
Pharmacy, in conjunction with the Metropolitan Kansas City Area Task Force 
on Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse, proposed the development of an annual drug 
abuse prevention program that specifically targets fifth graders in the 
greater Kansas City metropolitan area. A primary goal of Project Outreach 
(Organizations Unified to Reach Youth) is to unite drug abuse prevention 
programs in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area in their outreach 
efforts to give positive support to Kansas City's youth against alcohol and 
other drugs. Phase I of Project Outreach consisted of a series of programs 
for the parents in the community. Phase II entailed college students who 
spoke to fifth graders in their classrooms. These students also participated 
in poster and poem contests centered around drug abuse prevention. In Phase 
III, which featured and outstanding, motivated speaker, the sample group of 
600 fifth graders in the area participated in a major event to give positive 
peer pressure to say no to drugs. Pertinent entertainment also was provided, 
and the governor of Missouri, John Ashcroft, attended the rally. In the 
future, each fifth grader will receive a free T-shirt as a tangible reminder 
of the main event. In Phase IV, to reinforce concepts presented in previous 
programming, the college students returned to the fifth grade classrooms to 
speak. Project Outreach programs are incorporated into existing drug abuse 
prevention programs and provide the foundation for the development of new 
drug abuse prevention programs in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol consumption
  cost
  drug abuse
  health education
  high school student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  economic aspect
  education
  human
  priority journal
  school child
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1989087043
MEDLINE PMID
  2493666 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2493666)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 966
TITLE
  Pharmacist involvement in a chemical-dependency rehabilitation program.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Haynes M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Haynes M.) CareUnit Hospital of Kirkland, WA 98034.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Haynes, CareUnit Hospital of Kirkland, WA 98034.
SOURCE
  American journal of hospital pharmacy (1988) 45:10 (2099-2101). Date of 
Publication: Oct 1988
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacist involvement in a small hospital for the treatment and 
rehabilitation of patients with chemical dependency is described. The 
pharmacist's primary responsibilities include provision of pharmaceutical 
services to meet the medical needs of patients during detoxification; 
development of detoxification protocols for management of withdrawal from 
drugs of abuse; education of patients and their families, other clinical 
staff members, and pharmacy students about the pathophysiology of addiction, 
treatment options, and the foundations of recovery; medication and addiction 
counseling; and multidisciplinary team support of recovery. To successfully 
fulfill this complex role, the pharmacist must have specialized education on 
alcoholism and addiction, develop good communications skills, and learn the 
dynamics of recovery support groups. The pharmacist employed at this 
hospital spends about 70% of her time with pharmaceutical services and 30% 
with counseling services. A pharmacist working in a chemical-dependency 
rehabilitation program has a unique opportunity to affect positively the 
physical and emotional health of the recovering individual by taking on 
responsibilities beyond those traditionally associated with pharmacy 
practice.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (rehabilitation)
  hospital pharmacy
  patient care
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  education
  hospital bed capacity
  human
  patient education
  pharmacy student
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  3228081 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3228081)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 967
TITLE
  Establishing a rehabilitation program for impaired pharmacists.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sheffield J.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sheffield J.W.) Pharmacists Rehabilitation Program, Texas Pharmaceutical 
Association, Austin 78761.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  J.W. Sheffield, Pharmacists Rehabilitation Program, Texas Pharmaceutical 
Association, Austin 78761.
SOURCE
  American journal of hospital pharmacy (1988) 45:10 (2092-2098). Date of 
Publication: Oct 1988
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  The Texas Pharmaceutical Association (TPA) rehabilitation program for 
impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students is described. Since its inception 
in 1983, the TPA Pharmacists Rehabilitation Program has provided assistance 
to impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students, as well as their families, 
friends, customers, and coworkers. The program uses a carefully developed 
intervention process designed to assist impaired pharmacists and pharmacy 
students in obtaining evaluation and treatment of their condition. After a 
referral, an appointment is made for the impaired person at 1 of 15 regional 
evaluation and referral centers across the state, where arrangements for 
appropriate treatment are made. After treatment, the Committee on 
Pharmacists Rehabilitation aids the pharmacist or student in reentering the 
profession or returning to school. Intervenors are pharmacists registered in 
the state of Texas who have participated in TPA's training sessions; TPA 
also provides an intervenor's workbook. Amendments to the Texas Pharmacy Act 
passed in 1983 and 1985 provide protection for intervenors who are working 
with pharmacists and pharmacy students with impairment problems. Referrals 
are made by means of a 24-hour, toll-free hotline funded by a pharmaceutical 
manufacturing company. Other funding comes from individual donors, member 
associations affiliated with TPA, chain drugstores, wholesalers, and the 
Texas State Board of Pharmacy. A successful rehabilitation program for 
impaired pharmacists and students must be carefully designed and 
implemented, with attention paid to legal, financial, and 
intervention-related issues associated with substance abuse.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction (rehabilitation)
  drug control
  licensing
  malpractice
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  health care organization
  legal aspect
  patient referral
  pharmacy student
  psychological aspect
  telephone
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  3228080 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3228080)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 968
TITLE
  Problems in assessing rationality of drug utilization in less developed 
countries
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ali H.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ali H.M.) Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of 
Khartoum, P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, 
P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum
SOURCE
  Acta Medica Scandinavica (1988) 223:SUPPL. 721 (27-30). Date of Publication: 
1988
ISSN
  0001-6101
ABSTRACT
  Less developed countries are facing various difficulties in assessing 
rationality of drug utilization. The problems are essentially related to 
four major areas; (a) Policies, administration and management, (b) Practice 
and services, (c) Education and training, (d) Monitoring and research. Drug 
policies have often failed to recognise the importance of identifying the 
levels of rationality of the various components of drug utilization. 
Consequently, neither the need nor the mechanisms to assess rationality were 
considered. Drug utilization data and records have been poorly developed and 
maintained, e.g. mal-managed, inaccurate, and without continuity with regard 
to collection, monitoring and evaluation. Provision and supply of drugs were 
handled by an unnecessary multiplicity of departments and state offices, 
none of which keeping complete records and/or information in relation to 
needs of drugs nor other health care requirements. Deficiencies and 
shortcomings associated with medical/pharmaceutical practice, services, 
education and training have as well contributed significantly to the failure 
of the less developed countries to assess and promote rationality of drug 
utilization.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  epidemiology
  human
  priority journal
  short survey
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1988086146
MEDLINE PMID
  3162632 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3162632)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 969
TITLE
  The prediction of drug use among college students from MMPI, MCMI, and 
sensation seeking scales
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jaffe L.T.
  Archer R.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jaffe L.T.; Archer R.P.) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 
Eastern Virgina Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virgina Medical 
School, Norfolk, VA 23501
SOURCE
  Journal of Personality Assessment (1987) 51:2 (243-253). Date of 
Publication: 1987
ISSN
  0022-3891
ABSTRACT
  This study examines the ability of five self-report assessment measures to 
predict college students' drug use across 12 pharmacological drug 
categories. Subjects were 125 female and 61 male university undergraduate 
students. The test battery included the following instruments: (a) the 
Psychopathic Deviancy (Pd) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality 
Inventory (MMPI); (b) the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale (MAC), a special scale 
of the MMPI; (c) the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS); (d) the Millon Alcohol 
Abuse Scale; and (e) the Millon Drug Abuse Scale. Scores from these 
instruments were utilized in linear combinations to predict individual drug 
use outcomes as well as polydrug versus single drug use patterns. The drug 
categories included in this investigation are coffee, tobacco, alcohol, 
marijuana, tranquilizers, depressants, amphetamines, LSD, other 
hallucinogens, solvents, narcotics, and cocaine. Results demonstrate 
significant and meaningful relationships between predictors and drug use 
levels among college students. Weighted equations derived from linear 
discriminant function analyses were generally capable of accurately 
classifying subject's drug use levels across drug categories and in 
discriminating single drug use from polydrug use patterns. Typically, the 
Sensation Seeking Scale entered as the most powerful predictor of substance 
use and abuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  amphetamine
  lysergide
  tranquilizer
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  tobacco
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  article
  central nervous system
  clinical article
  evaluation and follow up
  human
  intoxication
  prediction
  self report
  student
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  lysergide (50-37-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1987193708
MEDLINE PMID
  3598842 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3598842)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 970
TITLE
  Therapy consultation
AUTHOR NAMES
  Buonpane E.A.
  Brown R.O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Buonpane E.A.; Brown R.O.) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of 
Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of 
Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163
SOURCE
  Clinical Pharmacy (1987) 6:7 (520-521). Date of Publication: 1987
ISSN
  0278-2677
ABSTRACT
  The Therapy Consultation section provides brief advice, in 
question-and-answer format, on how to handle specific drug-therapy problems. 
Readers are invited to submit questions, which will be referred to a 
consultant for an answer. The problems should not be highly specialized or 
unusual, nor should they be mundane. Questions are answered briefly, based 
largely on the judgment and personal experience of the consultant, although 
selected references may be cited to substantiate the consultant's advice. 
Assistance in identifying Therapy Consultation topics is provided by the 
drug information centers at the following institutions; Albert B. Chandler 
Medical Center and College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington; 
Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson; Medical College of Virginia 
Hospitals, Richmond; University of California Medical Center, San Diego; and 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  consultation
  drug information
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  priority journal
  short survey
  theoretical study
  therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis (15)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1987181564
MEDLINE PMID
  3691003 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3691003)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 971
TITLE
  Drug-related admissions to a family medicine inpatient service
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ives T.J.
  Bentz E.J.
  Gwyther R.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ives T.J.; Bentz E.J.; Gwyther R.E.) Department of Family Medicine, School 
of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North 
Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
SOURCE
  Archives of Internal Medicine (1987) 147:6 (1117-1120). Date of Publication: 
1987
ISSN
  0003-9926
ABSTRACT
  Admissions to a family medicine inpatient service were monitored 
retrospectively over a one-year period to determine the incidence of 
drug-related hospitalizations. Of the 293 admissions, 45 (15.4%) were 
identified as drug related; in 29 admissions (9.9%), a drug-related problem 
was identified as the primary cause of hospitalization. The two patient 
characteristics associated with a drug-related admission (DRA) were marital 
status (divorced) and age (older patients). The two most common types of 
DRAs were adverse drug reactions (17/45, 37.8%) and drug abuse (14/45, 
31.1%), with alcohol being the most commonly abused agent. Adverse drug 
reactions were most commonly implicated in DRAs for patients over 70 years 
old, with drug abuse more evenly distributed among age groups. Educational 
programs that incorporate pharmacoepidemiologic strategies into all health 
care disciplines are necessary to address this public health issue.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  drug abuse
  drug therapy
  family medicine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  human
  major clinical study
  priority journal
  therapy
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Internal Medicine (6)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1987180777
MEDLINE PMID
  3592877 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3592877)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.147.6.1117
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 972
TITLE
  Current concepts in clinical therapeutics: Anxiety disorders, part 2
AUTHOR NAMES
  Dommisse C.S.
  Hayes P.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Dommisse C.S.; Hayes P.E.) Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 
Ridgefield, CT
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT
SOURCE
  Clinical Pharmacy (1987) 6:3 (196-215). Date of Publication: 1987
ISSN
  0278-2677
ABSTRACT
  The treatment of generalized anxiety disorder involves both nonpharmacologic 
and pharmacologic therapies. The combination may be better than either 
treatment alone. Not all anxious patients satisfy the revised DSM-III 
criteria for an anxiety disorder, and many patients seek temporary relief 
from occasiona. anxious symptoms secondary to a medical illness or 
environmental stressors (situational anxiety). Because individual 
psychotherapy is not always available and is expensive, many of these 
patients are given and will do well on as-needed anxiolytic drug therapy, 
preferably a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are the mostly widely 
prescribed anxiolytic agents and are currently the drugs of choice for the 
treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. They have a rapid onset of 
action, are quite effective, have a relatively high margin of safety, and 
are not usually lethal when taken alone in an overdose. Potential problems 
with using these agents include decreased daytime functioning and sedation 
(especially in the elderly), forgetfulness, and withdrawal symptoms 
following prolonged use. Patient education is an important aspect of 
effective drug management. Although β blockers have been used in the 
management of anxious patients since the 1960s, the role of these agents 
appears limited to those anxious patients whose physical symptoms, 
especially cardiovascular complaints, have not adequately responded to 
benzodiazepine therapy. Buspirone is the latest anxiolytic agent to be 
marketed and is the first nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic introduced in the 
United States in several years. Buspirone appears to be a useful alternative 
or possibly a first-line agent for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients 
with generalized anxiety disorder. Buspirone is possibly less sedating, 
causes less psychomotor impairment when taken in conjunction with alcohol, 
and has a lower potential for abuse than the benzodiazepines. Buspirone is 
not a controlled substance. Potential problems include a lat time of 7-10 
days before anxiolytic effects are evident. Patients currently receiving 
benzodiazepines should be carefully titrated off the current drug before 
buspirone therapy is begun. Buspirone is not indicated for use on an 
as-needed basis for control of anxious symptoms. Certainly there are a host 
of unanswered questions surrounding the clinical use of buspirone. Two 
important questions that can only be answered several years after marketing 
are: How effective is this drug, and are any dopaminergic 
(antipsychotic-like) side effects associated with its long-term use? Since 
this anxiolytic agent is not a benzodiazepine, patients and physicians will 
need to be educated about its proper use. Pharmacists should play a key role 
in educating the public regarding the proper use of this new drug.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alprazolam
  amitriptyline
  antidepressant agent
  benzodiazepine
  benzodiazepine derivative
  buspirone
  chlordiazepoxide
  clomipramine
  clonazepam
  clonidine
  clorazepate
  clorgyline
  desipramine
  diazepam
  diphenhydramine
  flurazepam
  halazepam
  hydroxyzine
  imipramine
  lorazepam
  meprobamate
  monoamine oxidase inhibitor
  nortriptyline
  oxazepam
  phenelzine
  prazepam
  propranolol
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  alcohol
  antacid agent
  carbamazepine
  cimetidine
  clorazepate dipotassium
  digoxin
  disulfiram
  DT0
  haloperidol
  isoniazid
  oral contraceptive agent
  rifampicin
  trazodone
  unclassified drug
  viltaril
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  4 aminobutyric acid brain level
  adverse drug reaction
  agoraphobia
  anxiety
  behavior therapy
  drug efficacy
  drug indication
  panic
  pharmacokinetics
  psychotherapy
  sedation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  human
  priority journal
  psychological aspect
  review
  therapy
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  anafranil
  atarax
  ativan 
  benadryl
  buspar
  catapres
  centrax
  equanil
  inderal
  klonopin
  librium
  miltown
  nardil
  paxipam
  serax
  tofranil
  tranxene
  valium
  valrelease
  viltaril
  xanax
DRUG MANUFACTURERS
  Abbott
  Ayerst
  Boehringer Ingelheim
  Bristol
  Hoffmann La Roche
  Mead Johnson
  Parke Davis
  Pfizer
  Roerig
  Schering
  Upjohn
  Wallace
  Wyeth
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  alprazolam (28981-97-7)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  benzodiazepine (12794-10-4)
  buspirone (33386-08-2, 36505-84-7)
  carbamazepine (298-46-4, 8047-84-5)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  cimetidine (51481-61-9, 70059-30-2)
  clomipramine (17321-77-6, 303-49-1)
  clonazepam (1622-61-3)
  clonidine (4205-90-7, 4205-91-8, 57066-25-8)
  clorazepate (20432-69-3, 23887-31-2)
  clorazepate dipotassium (57109-90-7)
  clorgyline (17780-72-2)
  desipramine (50-47-5, 58-28-6)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  diphenhydramine (147-24-0, 58-73-1)
  disulfiram (97-77-8)
  flurazepam (1172-18-5, 17617-23-1)
  halazepam (23092-17-3)
  haloperidol (52-86-8)
  hydroxyzine (2192-20-3, 64095-02-9, 68-88-2)
  imipramine (113-52-0, 50-49-7)
  isoniazid (54-85-3, 62229-51-0, 65979-32-0)
  lorazepam (846-49-1)
  meprobamate (57-53-4)
  nortriptyline (72-69-5, 894-71-3)
  oxazepam (604-75-1)
  phenelzine (156-51-4, 51-71-8)
  prazepam (2955-38-6)
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
  rifampicin (13292-46-1)
  trazodone (19794-93-5, 25332-39-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Adverse Reactions Titles (38)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1987114727
MEDLINE PMID
  2889558 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2889558)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 973
TITLE
  Use and abuse of controlled substances by pharmacists and pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  McAuliffe W.E.
  Santangelo S.L.
  Gingras J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McAuliffe W.E.; Santangelo S.L.; Gingras J.) Department of Psychiatry, 
Harvard Medical School, The Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, The Cambridge Hospital, 
Cambridge, MA 02139
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1987) 44:2 (311-317). Date of 
Publication: 1987
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  The use of controlled substances by samples of pharmacists and pharmacy 
student in one New England state was surveyed. A questionnaire was sent in 
November 1984 to a sample of 510 pharmacists randomly selected from the 
membership list of the state's pharmaceutical association and to a sample of 
470 students from the state's pharamcy schools; 76% and 67% of the eligible 
pharmacists and students reponded, respectively. The questionnaire elicited 
information about the respondents' use of controlled substances for 
self-treatment and recreation, as well as the the instrumental use of 
stimulants to enhance performance. Almost half of the pharmacists (46%) and 
two thirds of the students (62%) reported using a controlled substance at 
some time without a prescription; 19% and 41%, respectively, used one within 
the past year. Whereas students used the drugs most often for recreation 
(57% ever, 36% currently), use by pharmacists was more equally divided among 
self-treatment (29% ever, 13% currently), recreation (29% ever, 9% 
currently), and instrumental purposes (21% ever). The drugs most often used 
were marijuana, stimulants (especially cocaine by students), tranquilizers, 
and opiates. Drug use was generally limited in amount, but 18% of the 
pharmacists and 35% of the students who ever used a drug either became 
dependent or were at risk of drug abuse. Current drug use was most strongly 
associated with age, non-attendance at religious services, student access, 
year in school, and citizenship. The findings of this study suggest the need 
for continued development of impaired pharmacist committees and drug abuse 
prevention programs for pharmacists and pharmacy students.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  diagnosis
  drug abuse
  epidemiology
  human
  human experiment
  intoxication
  prevention
  priority journal
  questionnaire
  social aspect
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1987084277
MEDLINE PMID
  2882673 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2882673)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 974
TITLE
  Evaluation of mobile decentralized pharmaceutical services in a community 
teaching hospital
AUTHOR NAMES
  Cummins B.A.
  Kvancz D.A.
  Bennett D.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Cummins B.A.; Kvancz D.A.; Bennett D.L.) Department of Pharmacy Service, 
Mount Carmel Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43222
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Pharmacy Service, Mount Carmel Medical Center, Columbus, OH 
43222
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1987) 44:2 (324-332). Date of 
Publication: 1987
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  Mobile decentralized pharmaceutical services were compared with the previous 
centralized unit dose drug distribution services in a community teaching 
hospital. Medication order turnaround time, pharmacist workload activities, 
number of drug information requests, dose-activity index, and quality of 
drug distribution and drug administration record keeping were compared under 
the two systems. The number of drug therapy problems identified and resolved 
by decentralized pharmacists also was determined. Medication order 
turnaround time decreased from a mean of 198 minutes to 64 minutes in the 
centralized and decentralized systems, respectively. The number of drug 
information requests increased from 0.0055 to 0.05 requests per patient day. 
The percentage of requests related to adverse drug reactions, drug 
interactions, therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology increased in 
the decentralized system. The dose-activity index was 63.5% and 56.9% for 
centralized and decentralized systems, respectivey, with the mean number of 
doses handled per patient day at 14.4 and 10.7. Decentralized pharmacists 
spent substantially more time than centralized pharmacists performing 
educational, therapy-related, and dispensing activities and less time 
performing clerical and verification activities. Decentralized pharmacists 
detected a large number of drug therapy problems that probably would have 
gone undetected in the previous system. The decentralized system met 31 of 
the 32 quality assurance standards, compared with 20 standards met for the 
centralized system. The implementation of mobile decentralized services 
provided greater opportunities for use of the pharmacists' clinical skills 
and reduced the time allocated to traditional functions.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  community hospital
  drug distribution
  drug information
  health care delivery
  hospital
  teaching hospital
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  economic aspect
  education
  nonhuman
  priority journal
  short survey
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1987084279
MEDLINE PMID
  3565391 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3565391)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 975
TITLE
  Psychoactive drug use among practicing physicians and medical students
AUTHOR NAMES
  McAuliffe W.E.
  Rohman M.
  Santangelo S.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McAuliffe W.E.; Rohman M.; Santangelo S.) Department of Behavioral 
Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 
MA 02115
SOURCE
  New England Journal of Medicine (1986) 315:13 (805-810). Date of 
Publication: 1986
ISSN
  0028-4793
ABSTRACT
  We surveyed random samples of 500 practicing physicians and 504 medical 
students in a New England state during 1984-1985; 70 percent of the 
physicians and 79 percent of the students responded. Fifty-nine percent of 
the physicians and 78 percent of the students reported that they had used 
psychoactive drugs at some time in their lives. In both groups, recreational 
use most often involved marijuana and cocaine, and self-treatment most often 
involved tranquilizers and opiates. In the previous year, 25 percent of the 
physicians had treated themselves with a psychoactive drug, and 10 percent 
had used one reactionally. Although most of the use was experimental or 
infrequent, 10 percent of the physicians reported current regular drug use 
(once a month or more often) and 3 percent had histories of drug dependence. 
More physicians and medical students had used psychoactive drugs at some 
time than had comparable samples of pharmacists and pharmacy students. The 
results suggest a need for renewed professional education about the risks of 
drug misuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amphetamine
  barbituric acid derivative
  cannabis
  cocaine
  codeine
  dextropropoxyphene
  diamorphine
  fentanyl
  glutethimide
  methaqualone
  methylphenidate
  morphine
  oxycodone
  pentazocine
  pethidine
  phenmetrazine
  psychotropic agent
  tranquilizer
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  acetylsalicylic acid plus oxycodone plus oxycodone terephthalate
  opiate
  oxycodone plus paracetamol
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  drug dependence
  drug misuse
  drug use
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  clinical article
  epidemiology
  geographic distribution
  human
  intranasal drug administration
  intravenous drug administration
  medical student
  methodology
  oral drug administration
  physician
  priority journal
  United States
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  darvon
  demerol
  doriden
  percocet
  percodan
  preludin
  quaalude
  ritalin
  talwin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
  fentanyl (437-38-7)
  glutethimide (77-21-4)
  methaqualone (340-56-7, 72-44-6, 8056-67-5)
  methylphenidate (113-45-1, 298-59-9)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  pentazocine (359-83-1, 64024-15-3)
  percodan (64336-56-7)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  phenmetrazine (134-49-6, 1707-14-8, 57919-12-7)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Psychiatry (32)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1986228405
MEDLINE PMID
  3748091 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3748091)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 976
TITLE
  Problem-oriented drug monographs developed for physicians in Northern 
Ireland
AUTHOR NAMES
  Morrow N.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Morrow N.C.) The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 
Belfast, BT9 7BL
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, BT9 7BL
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1986) 43:2 (360-367). Date of 
Publication: 1986
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  Monographs prepared by a drug information pharmacist at a government 
hospital in Northern Ireland were evaluated by hospital and community 
physicians. The monographs related drug information to both the primary 
medical problem (e.g., angina) and secondary problems of individual patients 
(e.g., renal or hepatic dysfunction). The pharmacokinetic and 
pharmacodynamic properties of various agents in a drug group were compared. 
The initial monograph about β blockers was evaluated by 13 pharmacists in 
government hospitals. The monograph was then revised and two additional 
monographs were written on the use of benzodiazepines in anxiety and 
insomnia and the use of organic nitrates in cardiovascular disease. The 
three monographs were distributed to 122 hospital physicians and 67 
community physicians for evaluation of the information and the manner in 
which it was presented. Questionnaires were returned by 46% of the hospital 
physicians and 39% of the community physicians. Almost 50% of the responding 
prescribers said the monographs gave them new information. The lack of cost 
information in the monographs was cited as a problem by 25% of respondents. 
The most frequently suggested topics for additional monographs were 
antibiotics, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, 
bronchodilators, and antidepressants. Physicians considered the monographs a 
useful source of education about selection of appropriate drug therapy.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  benzodiazepine derivative
  beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent
  nitrate
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cost
  drug information
  education
  hospital
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  economic aspect
  nonhuman
  organization and management
  pharmacokinetics
  priority journal
  short survey
  United Kingdom
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  nitrate (14797-55-8)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1986076482
MEDLINE PMID
  2869687 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2869687)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 977
TITLE
  Skills of medical students and house officers in prescribing narcotic 
medications
AUTHOR NAMES
  Grossman S.A.
  Sheidler V.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Grossman S.A.; Sheidler V.R.) Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins 
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 
Baltimore, MD
SOURCE
  Journal of Medical Education (1985) 60:7 (552-557). Date of Publication: 
1985
ISSN
  0022-2577
ABSTRACT
  Eighty-eight medical students and house officers were given patient 
management questions to assess their ability to convert from one narcotic 
regimen to an approximately equal analgesic dose of a second regimen. Only 
8% of their answers were within the correct range, even though commonly used 
reference material was supplied to assist them in answering the questions. 
There were no significant differences in the responses of house officers 
from different medical specialities or among all the individuals at 
different educational levels. Correct answers to the patient management 
questions markedly increased after instruction on the use of a narcotic 
equivalency table. More emphasis on the importance of adequate pain control, 
better teaching of the pharmacology of narcotic analgesic drugs, and 
additional instruction on the use of narcotic equivalency tables are needed 
in medical school and house staff training programs.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hydromorphone
  morphine
  narcotic agent
  oxycodone
  paracetamol
  pethidine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alternative medicine
  drug abuse
  house officer
  medical student
  prescription
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  normal human
  pain
  priority journal
  theoretical study
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  hydromorphone (466-99-9, 71-68-1)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  oxycodone (124-90-3, 76-42-6)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1985232717
MEDLINE PMID
  4009670 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4009670)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 978
TITLE
  The underemphasis on smoking in medical education
AUTHOR NAMES
  Ginzel K.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Ginzel K.H.) Department of Pharmacology and Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72201
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Pharmacology and Interdisciplinary Toxicology, University of 
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72201
SOURCE
  New York State Journal of Medicine (1985) 85:7 (299-301). Date of 
Publication: 1985
ISSN
  0028-7628
ABSTRACT
  Wynder has expressed concern about 'the general apathy of the medical and 
scientific professions toward tobacco related issues', a sentiment echoed by 
others. Since cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of disease, 
disability, and death, this apathy is a serious matter. What is its origin? 
Is the exposure of the student in the health professions to the tobacco 
issue inadequate? How does it compare to the coverage of alcohol-related 
problems and drug abuse? The unfortunate exemption of tobacco from the Food 
and Drug Act of 1906 and its subsequent revisions and extensions detracts 
from the fact that tobacco is not less dependence-producing than other 
addictive drugs. The same is true for alcohol. As a preliminary probe, the 
following analysis focuses on a regular constituent of every medical school 
curriculum - the pharmacology course - which deals exclusively with drugs 
and traditionally covers the topic of substance abuse.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  medical education
  smoking
  textbook
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  education
  human
  intoxication
  priority journal
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Toxicology (52)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1986004181
MEDLINE PMID
  3862986 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3862986)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 979
TITLE
  Quitting smoking
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tunstall C.D.
  Ginsberg D.
  Hall S.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tunstall C.D.; Ginsberg D.; Hall S.M.) Center for Social and Behavioral 
Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Center for Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San 
Francisco, CA 94143
SOURCE
  International Journal of the Addictions (1985) 20:6-7 (1089-1112). Date of 
Publication: 1985
ISSN
  0020-773X
ABSTRACT
  Four factors which influence smoking treatment outcome are identified: 
environmental variables, client characteristics, process variables, and 
specific treatment approaches. Important environmental factors are stress 
and social support. Of client characteristics, sex is the best predictor of 
treatment success. Men are more likely to quit and maintain abstinence than 
women. However, the majority of women alter their smoking habits during 
pregnancy. Low-income persons and ethnic minorities are underrepresented 
among subjects in treatment studies and have larger percentages of smokers 
in the population at large. Extraverted smokers are more likely to begin to 
smoke and have difficulty quitting. Also, the more anxious, poorly adjusted 
smoker has more trouble quitting than the less troubled smoker. The higher 
the client's sense of self-efficacy, the better the chance of that person 
entering treatment and doing well. Furthermore, smokers who take in lower 
levels of nicotine are more successful at quitting. Many process questions 
are suggested. Few have been approached empirically. The effectiveness of 
ex-smokers as therapists in smoking cessation programs has not been 
systematically investigated, even though the smoking history of therapists 
is a question frequently asked by clients. We suggest that the skill and 
empathy of group leaders is more important than smoking history. Smoking 
therapists should be aware of nonspecific treatment factors such as positive 
expectations, social reinforcement, and self-disclosure which may have a 
powerful influence on the efficacy of smoking treatment. Specific treatment 
approaches were classified into three categories: low-contact approaches, 
including educational, self-help, and minimal treatment approaches; 
psychological treatments; and pharmacological treatment. Education, 
self-help, and minimal treatment approaches are thought to be accretively 
effective when the large size of the audience is considered. Also, 
innovative treatments which address the influence of social support systems 
and physiological addiction are promising treatments for individuals 
requiring a structured or intensive method of quitting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  forecasting
  smoking
  smoking cessation
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  character
  human
  human experiment
  psychological aspect
  review
  sex difference
  social aspect
  social structure
  survey
  therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1986083401
MEDLINE PMID
  3908337 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3908337)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 980
TITLE
  Epirubicin plasma and blood pharmacokinetics after single i.v. bolus in 
advanced cancer patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Camaggi C.M.
  Strocchi E.
  Martoni A.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Camaggi C.M.; Strocchi E.; Martoni A.) Institute of Organic Chemistry, 
Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Institute of Organic Chemistry, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna
SOURCE
  Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research (1985) 11:4 (285-294). Date 
of Publication: 1985
ISSN
  0378-6501
ABSTRACT
  Plasma and whole blood pharmacokinetics of epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin, 
epiDX), a new doxorubicin (DX) analogue with an improved spectrum of 
activity and lower toxicity, were investigated in advanced cancer patients 
after i.v. bolus administration. Drug decay is triphasic, with a long 
terminal half-life. Plasma and blood levels of the C-13 reduced epiDX 
metabolite, epirubicinol (epiDXol), are lower than those of the parent 
compound. Glucuronides of epiDX and epiDXol are also present in plasma, bile 
and urine; similar compounds are not described in the literature among the 
metabolites of DX. EpiDX plasma clearance is consistently higher and mean 
residence time lower than the corresponding DX parameters, thus indicating a 
more efficient disposition of the new drug. This behaviour is also reflected 
in a faster elimination of epiDXol with respect to the corresponding Dx 
metabolite, doxorubicinol. After an initial induction period, epiDX 
concentration is higher in whole blood than in plasma. Blood clearance is 
lower than plasma clearance; volume of distribution at steady state Vss is 
lower if blood concentration data are used in the pharmacokinetic analysis. 
Mean Residence Time is similar in plasma and blood. A statistically 
significant reduction of clearance parameters is observed in patients with 
liver metastases, even in the absence of altered bilirubin levels. Drug 
clearance problems induced by renal dysfunction become relevant only in 
severe renal failure.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  doxorubicin
  epirubicin
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  drug metabolite
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  cancer chemotherapy
  drug clearance
  drug therapy
  neoplasm
  pharmacokinetics
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  clinical article
  drug blood level
  human
  intravenous drug administration
  male genital system
  priority journal
  therapy
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  doxorubicin (23214-92-8, 25316-40-9)
  epirubicin (56390-09-1, 56420-45-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Cancer (16)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1985192900
MEDLINE PMID
  3869807 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3869807)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 981
TITLE
  Impairment risk in North Carolina pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Normark J.W.
  Eckel F.M.
  Pfifferling J.H.
  Cocolas G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Normark J.W.; Eckel F.M.; Pfifferling J.H.; Cocolas G.)
SOURCE
  American Pharmacy (1985) 25:6 (60-62). Date of Publication: 1985
ISSN
  0160-3450
ABSTRACT
  When the North Carolina Task Force on Impaired Pharmacists was formed in 
1983, its principal charge was to get an estimate of impaired pharmacists in 
the state, and then to recommend solutions if the impaired population was 
sufficiently large. But because the students attending the University of 
North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy (UNC) represent the future 
pharmacists of the state, they were a logical group to include in this 
overall effort. The authors surveyed UNC pharmacy students in their third, 
fourth, and fifth years of study to examine the extent of impairment risk 
among students, assess their sense of the problem within the school, and 
evaluate their feelings about the need for a program to aid impaired 
students.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  alcoholism
  disability
  drug abuse
  law
  legal liability
  pharmacist
  stress
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  legal aspect
  priority journal
  psychological aspect
  social aspect
  therapy
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1985183314
MEDLINE PMID
  4025143 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4025143)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 982
TITLE
  Impairment risk in North Carolina pharmacists
AUTHOR NAMES
  Normark J.W.
  Eckel F.M.
  Pfifferling J.H.
  Cocolas G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Normark J.W.; Eckel F.M.; Pfifferling J.H.; Cocolas G.) University of North 
Carolina School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
SOURCE
  American Pharmacy (1985) 25:6 (45-48). Date of Publication: 1985
ISSN
  0160-3450
ABSTRACT
  The tissue of pharmacist 'impairment' resulting from drug or alcohol abuse, 
emotional or education problems, or other causes is receiving considerable 
attention from pharmacy organizations. The American Pharmaceutical 
Association (APhA) and the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) 
have issued policy statements addressing impairment and distress. The APhA 
House of Delegates passed a resolution supporting the establishment of 
counseling, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention programs for 
pharmacists and students at the 1982 Annual Meeting. The ASHP House of 
Delegates adopted a statement encouraging the compilation and dissemination 
of information about prevention and treatment programs that pharmacists can 
contact for assistance in confronting impairment. A number of state pharmacy 
associations, most notably Texas and Georgia, have programs that offer 
impaired pharmacists options for treatment and rehabilitation, and also 
serve as a triage system for pharmacists. Other states, including North 
Carolina, are in the process of evaluating the need for programs concerned 
with impairment.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  alcoholism
  disability
  drug abuse
  law
  legal liability
  pharmacist
  stress
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  legal aspect
  organization and management
  priority journal
  psychological aspect
  social aspect
  therapy
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1985183309
MEDLINE PMID
  4025137 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4025137)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 983
TITLE
  The Virginia Program to help impaired pharmacy students
AUTHOR NAMES
  White C.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (White C.E.) Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Medical 
College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Medical College of 
Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298
SOURCE
  American Pharmacy (1985) 25:6 (57-59). Date of Publication: 1985
ISSN
  0160-3450
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  alcoholism
  drug abuse
  law
  medical liability
  pharmacist
  stress
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  legal aspect
  priority journal
  psychological aspect
  social aspect
  therapy
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1985183313
MEDLINE PMID
  4025141 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4025141)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 984
TITLE
  Aiding impaired pharmacists: What's being done today?
AUTHOR NAMES
  Nickel R.O.
  Briske K.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Nickel R.O.; Briske K.) School of Pharmacy, Ferris State College, Big 
Rapids, MI 49307
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  School of Pharmacy, Ferris State College, Big Rapids, MI 49307
SOURCE
  American Pharmacy (1985) 25:6 (40-44). Date of Publication: 1985
ISSN
  0160-3450
ABSTRACT
  The APhA House of Delegates, at the 1982 Annual Meeting, adopted a two-part 
policy statement on impaired pharmacists. The first part recommended that 
pharmacists not practice while impaired. The second recommended 'the 
establishment of progams providing counseling, treatment, prevention, and 
rehabilitation to pharmacists and pharmacy students.' In 1985, therefore, 
the question is: How well have these 1982 recommendations been carried out? 
This question stimulated the survey research project whose results are 
presented in this article.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  alcoholism
  disability
  drug abuse
  law
  legal liability
  pharmacist
  stress
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  legal aspect
  organization and management
  priority journal
  psychological aspect
  social aspect
  therapy
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1985183308
MEDLINE PMID
  4025136 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4025136)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 985
TITLE
  Survey of physician acceptance of the pneumococcal vaccine
AUTHOR NAMES
  Berk S.L.
  Verghese A.
  Berk M.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Berk S.L.; Verghese A.; Berk M.L.) Department of Medicine, East Tennessee 
State University, Quillen-Dishner College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Department of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen-Dishner 
College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN
SOURCE
  Southern Medical Journal (1984) 77:4 (450-454). Date of Publication: 1984
ISSN
  0038-4348
ABSTRACT
  A group of 251 randomly selected physicians completed a survey designed to 
study their attitudes toward, knowledge about, and use of pneumococcal 
vaccine. Eighty-five percent of respondents believed the vaccine had been 
proven effective. For the use of the vaccine, respondents supported broad 
indications, including chronic lung disease, alcoholism, and congestive 
heart failure. Some respondents expressed concern about the safety of the 
vaccine. Physicians who learned about the vaccine from continuing education 
programs, colleagues, and pharmaceutical representatives were likely to use 
the vaccine more often than those who did not.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  Pneumococcus vaccine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  chronic respiratory tract disease
  congestive cardiomyopathy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  human
  prevention
  respiratory system
  therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology (4)
  Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis (15)
  Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery (18)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1984119884
MEDLINE PMID
  6710200 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710200)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 986
TITLE
  Comparative evaluation of medical vs. social treatment of alcohol withdrawal 
syndrome
AUTHOR NAMES
  McGovern M.P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (McGovern M.P.) Clinical Division, Department of Psychology, Temple 
University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Clinical Division, Department of Psychology, Temple University, 
Philadelphia, PA 19122
SOURCE
  Journal of Clinical Psychology (1983) 39:5 (791-803). Date of Publication: 
1983
ISSN
  0021-9762
ABSTRACT
  Compared medical and social setting detoxification treatments of alcohol 
withdrawal syndrome on the degree to which each involved alcoholics in 
ongoing rehabilitative efforts. Two hundred patients were selected randomly 
from both treatments and administered the Physical Problem Inventory, Short 
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Assessment of Life Experience, and Level 
of Motivation scales. Analysis of covariance with multiple covariates was 
employed to assess the effect of the treatment model on willingness to 
continue rehabilitation as measured by the dependent variable, ongoing 
referral status. The difference between detoxification treatment models was 
highly significant, and none of the covariates, which controlled for pretest 
differences and the assignment process, was significant. Results are 
discussed in the context of current notions of pharmacotherapy, learning, 
and physiological models of withdrawal treatment. In addition, expectancies, 
in terms of perceived responsibility for outcome, are discussed as important 
factors that contribute to the discrepancy between medical vs. social models 
in the treatment of alcoholism.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  detoxification
  withdrawal syndrome
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  human
  therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1984101793
MEDLINE PMID
  6630559 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6630559)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 987
TITLE
  Pharmacologic basis for developing rational drug regimens for elderly 
patients
AUTHOR NAMES
  Bursztyn Goldberg P.
  Roberts J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Bursztyn Goldberg P.; Roberts J.) Dep. Pharmacol., Med. Coll. Pennsylvania, 
Philadelphia, PA 19129
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dep. Pharmacol., Med. Coll. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19129
SOURCE
  Medical Clinics of North America (1983) 67:2 (315-331). Date of Publication: 
1983
ISSN
  0025-7125
ABSTRACT
  Changes in responsiveness with age have been observed for autonomic drugs 
(agonists as well as antagonists, analgesics, anticonvulsants, 
bronchodilators, hypoglycemics, corticosteroids, and virtually every other 
group of drugs). This review is not meant to present an exhaustive treatment 
of the area, but rather to focus attention on the factors that contribute to 
alterations in sensitivity. As a secondary aim, the review serves to focus 
attention on the problem of adverse drug reactions, particularly those 
related to the practice of polypharmacy, which compounds the problem through 
drug interactions. As indicated in the introduction, adverse drug reactions 
(undesired or unwanted effects of drugs) occur more frequently in the older 
patient than in the young one. In the elderly, this relates to increased use 
of drugs, polypharmacy, diminution in the function of organs which play a 
role in drug distribution and elimination, and poor patient compliance. 
Drugs which most often result in adverse reactions in the elderly have been 
listed. It is of significance that this list includes many drugs that are 
obtainable over the counter without prescription, such as aspirin and 
antacids. Because of the widespread practice of polypharmacy in the elderly, 
there is an increased potential for drug interactions. Examples of drugs and 
the mechanisms whereby interactions occur, which are of particular 
significance in geriatric therapeutics, are provided. Since monographs 
summarizing drug interactions have been available for a number of years, it 
is somewhat surprising that the magnitude of the problem is still so great. 
It appears clear that the more we understand about the basic changes that 
occur in the physiology, biochemistry, and structure of an organism as it 
ages, and the more we learn about basic pharmacologic principles, the better 
we can combine the knowledge toward the development of rational therapeutic 
drug regimens for the geriatric patient. A summary of the major principles 
in prescribing drugs for the elderly is provided.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acetazolamide
  amobarbital
  carbenoxolone
  carisoprodol
  chlordiazepoxide
  chlorpromazine
  chlortalidone
  diazepam
  digitalis
  digoxin
  flurazepam
  heparin
  lidocaine
  meprobamate
  morphine
  pethidine
  phenobarbital
  phenylbutazone
  propranolol
  quinidine
  strychnine
  sulfadiazine
  tetracycline
  tolbutamide
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  aged
  bioavailability
  drug elimination
  drug half life
  drug therapy
  heart failure
  pharmacokinetics
  pharmacology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  cardiovascular system
  central nervous system
  heart
  human
  short survey
  therapy
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetazolamide (1424-27-7, 59-66-5)
  amobarbital (57-43-2, 64-43-7)
  carbenoxolone (5697-56-3, 7421-40-1)
  carisoprodol (78-44-4)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  chlorpromazine (50-53-3, 69-09-0)
  chlortalidone (77-36-1)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  digitalis (8031-42-3, 8053-83-6)
  digoxin (20830-75-5, 57285-89-9)
  flurazepam (1172-18-5, 17617-23-1)
  heparin (37187-54-5, 8057-48-5, 8065-01-8, 9005-48-5)
  lidocaine (137-58-6, 24847-67-4, 56934-02-2, 73-78-9)
  meprobamate (57-53-4)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  pethidine (28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1)
  phenobarbital (50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0)
  phenylbutazone (129-18-0, 50-33-9, 8054-70-4)
  propranolol (13013-17-7, 318-98-9, 3506-09-0, 4199-09-1, 525-66-6)
  quinidine (56-54-2)
  strychnine (1421-86-9, 57-24-9)
  sulfadiazine (547-32-0, 68-35-9)
  tetracycline (23843-90-5, 60-54-8, 64-75-5)
  tolbutamide (473-41-6, 64-77-7)
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Internal Medicine (6)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1983128954
MEDLINE PMID
  6338318 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338318)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 988
TITLE
  Clinical pharmacy in the 1980s
AUTHOR NAMES
  Smith W.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Smith W.E.)
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1983) 40:2 (223-229). Date of 
Publication: 1983
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  The advances of clinical pharmacy services over the past 20 years are 
reviewed, and measures to ensure that clinical pharmacy services are 
provided to all hospital patients who need them in the 1980s are outlined. 
Over the past 20 years, hospital pharmacists demonstrated that clinical 
pharmacy programs are cost effective and will improve the quality of patient 
care in hospitals by reducing drug-related problems. Other health 
professionals will support clinical pharmacy programs. Experience has shown 
that well-educated and committed pharmacists, as well as competent managers, 
are needed for a successful program. Implementation and expansion of 
clinical pharmacy services in the 1980s will be challenged by governmental 
cost controls, new technology, new drugs, and a physician surplus. The 
expansion of clinical pharmacy services to all hospital patients who need 
them in this era of price competition is a goal that presents challenges and 
opportunities for pharmacists. To meet this goal, each hospital pharmacy 
society should develop a strategic plan committed to the implementation of 
clinical services for patients within its specific geographical area. Before 
implementing additional services, each hospital should define the services 
to be provided, as well as the expected benefits for patients, physicians, 
and nurses. Since comprehensive clinical pharmacy services require the use 
of pharmacy technicians, the profession must resolve the question of 
technician role and training. Pharmacy education should provide knowledge, 
research experience, and teaching sites with role models providing clinical 
pharmacy services. Hospital pharmacy management is a specialty within 
pharmacy, and pharmacy schools should provide management courses. In 
addition, management residencies should be fostered.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  clinical pharmacy
  drug cost
  hospital care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  economic aspect
  human
  short survey
  therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1983080595
MEDLINE PMID
  6829578 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6829578)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 989
TITLE
  Caffeine use and young adult women
AUTHOR NAMES
  Vener A.M.
  Krupka L.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Vener A.M.; Krupka L.R.) Dep. Soc. Sci., Michigan State Univ., East 
Lansing, MI 48824
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dep. Soc. Sci., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824
SOURCE
  Journal of Drug Education (1982) 12:3 (273-283). Date of Publication: 1982
ISSN
  0047-2379
ABSTRACT
  A study of 491 randomly selected college women and men surveyed on two 
separate occasions and enrolled in required courses at a large Midwestern 
university showed that caffeine, a pharmacologically active psychotropic 
drug, was consumed by a large proportion of the respondents in a twenty-four 
hour period (86%). Women consumed a larger amount of caffeine and used more 
substances containing this drug. An increase in caffeine usage with 
increased psychic stress was observed for women only. About 15 per cent of 
the women sampled (N = 337) had ingested 500 mg or more during the survey 
period of highest stress. The data suggest that future investigations of the 
linkage of poor pregnancy outcomes with caffeine consumption must obtain an 
accurate appraisal of the total amount of caffeine ingested. This can be 
accomplished only if O-T-C drugs containing caffeine and such beverages as 
colas, teas and cocoa, as well as coffee, are taken into account.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  caffeine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  pregnancy
  stress
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  human
  human experiment
  normal human
  oral drug administration
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  caffeine (30388-07-9, 58-08-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1983029936
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 990
TITLE
  Drinking patterns and attitudes toward alcoholism of Australian 
human-service students
AUTHOR NAMES
  Engs R.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Engs R.C.) Dep. Health Saf. Educ., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dep. Health Saf. Educ., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405
SOURCE
  Journal of Studies on Alcohol (1982) 43:5 (517-531). Date of Publication: 
1982
ISSN
  0096-882X
ABSTRACT
  Drinking patterns and attitudes toward alcoholism of 1449 students in 
medicine, law, pharmacy, social work, applied psychology, police science, 
religion and nursing in Australia are reported, revealing primarily 
similarities with results of studies in other English-speaking countries.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  attitude
  drinking
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  central nervous system
  human
  normal human
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1983046627
MEDLINE PMID
  7144183 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7144183)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 991
TITLE
  Pharmacist participation in a multidisciplinary, community health-education 
project
AUTHOR NAMES
  Powell M.F.
  Solomon D.K.
  Cavette S.M.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Powell M.F.; Solomon D.K.; Cavette S.M.) Detroit Receiv. Hosp., Detroit, MI 
48201
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Detroit Receiv. Hosp., Detroit, MI 48201
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1982) 39:5 (851-852). Date of 
Publication: 1982
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  Before its merger with the Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health 
Center, the Wayne State University Health Care Institute (HCI) provided 
multidisciplinary health-care services to ambulatory patients of the Detroit 
Medical Center. One of these services was a health-education program called 
the Consumer Health Education Project (CHAP). The CHAP program promoted 
health and disease prevention through the dissemination of health 
information. The program offered health information to consumers in four 
general subject areas: nutrition, hypertension, drug use and misuse, and 
alcohol and substance abuse.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  education
  health
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  prevention
  psychological aspect
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1982220113
MEDLINE PMID
  7081265 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7081265)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 992
TITLE
  Medical, nursing, and pharmacy students' attitudes towards alcoholism in 
Queensland, Australia
AUTHOR NAMES
  Engs R.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Engs R.C.) Dep. Hlth Safety Educ., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dep. Hlth Safety Educ., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405
SOURCE
  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (1982) 6:2 (225-229). Date of 
Publication: 1982
ISSN
  0145-6008
ABSTRACT
  On the whole, the medical, nursing, and pharmacy students in this sample had 
more negative feelings towards alcoholics and the cause of alcoholism 
compared to the American students who were the norm for the instrument. 
Medical and pharmacy students were less apt to ascribe a psychological 
etiology to alcoholism and all groups were more socially rejecting and less 
humanistic towards the alcoholic compared to the norm. They also felt that 
alcoholism was more of a moral weakness and less of physical-genetic problem 
compared to the norm. Though the differences were statistically significant 
for most of the groups, they were under one scale point which might not have 
practical significance in terms of interaction on the part of these 
individuals with alcoholic persons. However, the results could indicate hat 
these students have attitudes towards alcoholics which could cause them 
problems with referrals and treatment interactions in their professional 
capacity. It was interesting that no significant differences between the 
different courses of study was found. This appears to be contrary to other 
reports from other countries. Perhaps medical-related students in Australia 
are more homogeneous due to similar backgrounds arising from living in a 
small country with less divergent ethnic backgrounds compared to larger 
nations. Final year students tended to be more negativistic on several 
scales compared to first year students which appears to support other 
studies which have also reported that students become more negativistic 
towards alcohol-dependent persons as they go through their course of study. 
Last year medical and nursing students were less likely to see alcoholism as 
having a physical-genetic basis, and last year medical students were less 
apt to view it as a treatable illness compared to the first year students in 
these groups. However, pharmacy students in their final year of school were 
more apt to envision alcoholism as a psychological problem, and final year 
medical students less likely to view alcoholism as a moral weakness. There 
was no change for any group on being less socially rejecting or more 
humanistic towards alcoholic persons due to the existing course curriculum 
for individuals in their last year of study.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  attitude
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  normal human
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1982147168
MEDLINE PMID
  7048975 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7048975)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 993
TITLE
  Hospital pharmacists as a source of drug information for physicians and 
nurses
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schweigert B.F.
  Oppenheimer P.R.
  Smith W.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schweigert B.F.; Oppenheimer P.R.; Smith W.E.) Pharm. Dept., Mem. Hosp. 
Med. Cent., Long Beach, CA 90801
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Pharm. Dept., Mem. Hosp. Med. Cent., Long Beach, CA 90801
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1982) 39:1 (74-77). Date of 
Publication: 1982
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  The types and frequency of questions asked of pharmacists working in a 
decentralized pharmaceutical service, and the frequency with which 
pharmacist-recommended changes were implemented by the inquirer, were 
studied. Data were collected for a 38-day period by all 26 of the 
pharmacists working in nine satellites. A drug information log was designed 
to document: (1) who asked the question; (2) whether the question was for 
general information or about a specific patient; (3) if a change in drug 
regimen was recommended and subsequently accepted; and (4) the nature of the 
question, including the drugs discussed. A total of 3946 questions were 
answered by the pharmacists, an average of 104 per day. Nearly half (46%) of 
the questions came from nurses, 38% from physicians (16% from attending 
physicians and 22% from residents), 12% from pharmacists, and 4% from other 
hospital personnel. Sixty-five percent of the questions concerned drug 
therapy problems of specific patients; 35% were for general drug 
information. The pharmacists recommended changes in drug therapy for 62% of 
the cases involving a specific patient. The pharmacists' recommendations 
were accepted and implemented 80% of the time. The most common problem 
prompting questions from the attending physicians, residents, and 
pharmacists was about drug 'dose', while for nurses it was the 'method of 
drug administration.' The drug groups that prompted the most questions from 
all four types of health-care professionals were the 'anti-infective drugs' 
and the 'CNS/analgesic' group. Cardiovascular drugs, theophylline 
derivatives, and i.v. and parenteral nutrition solutions were a common topic 
of questions as well. The high degree of compliance with the pharmacists' 
recommendations support the role of the pharmacist as a drug information 
source in the community hospital setting.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug information
  hospital personnel
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  nurse
  physician
  theoretical study
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1982077418
MEDLINE PMID
  7055151 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7055151)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 994
TITLE
  Positive community drug education: a team approach - family, pharmacist, 
community
AUTHOR NAMES
  Morris R.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Morris R.W.) Dept. Pharmacol., Univ. Illinois, Coll. Pharm., Urbana, IL
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Pharmacol., Univ. Illinois, Coll. Pharm., Urbana, IL
SOURCE
  Pharmindex (1981) 23:8 (9-19). Date of Publication: 1981
ISSN
  0031-7152
ABSTRACT
  The objectives of this paper are to summarize the status of drug abuse in 
the U.S., to relate current drug problems to those of previous cultures and 
civilizations, to identify the problems with older drug abuse programs, to 
identify the advantages of positive drug education, to identify the 
relationship of positive drug education to the maturing child, to identify 
the role of the family in positive drug education, to identify the role of 
the school in positive drug education, to identify the role of the 
pharmacist in community positive drug education, and to identify the way 
that a pharmacist might serve as leader of the community drug education 
program.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  community
  family
  health education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  drug dependence
  prevention
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1981252172
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 995
TITLE
  Pharmacists' knowledge in the area of alcohol, and alcohol and drug 
interactions
AUTHOR NAMES
  Barnes G.E.
  Chappell N.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Barnes G.E.; Chappell N.L.) Dept. Psychiat., Fac. Med., Univ. Manitoba, 
Winnipeg R3E 0W3
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Psychiat., Fac. Med., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0W3
SOURCE
  Social Science and Medicine - Part A Medical Sociology (1981) 15 A:5 
(649-657). Date of Publication: 1981
ABSTRACT
  Pharmacists from 6 urban centres across Canada were interviewed to determine 
their knowledge about alcohol and alcohol and drug interactions. Pharmacists 
generally performed quite poorly. Pharmacists who were more knowledgeable 
were also more professional in other areas of pharmacy practice. 
Multivariate data analysis utilizing four predictors: age, sex, work region, 
and work setting to predict alcohol and alcohol and drug interaction 
knowledge accounted for 30.7% of the variance in knowledge scores with three 
of the predictors, age, work region, and work setting making a significant 
contribution in the prediction of knowledge.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  chlorpromazine
  indometacin
  penicillin G
  probenecid
  salicylic acid
  warfarin
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcoholism
  drug interaction
  education
  pharmacist
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  human cell
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  chlorpromazine (50-53-3, 69-09-0)
  indometacin (53-86-1, 74252-25-8, 7681-54-1)
  penicillin G (1406-05-9, 61-33-6)
  probenecid (57-66-9)
  salicylic acid (63-36-5, 69-72-7)
  warfarin (129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1982033103
MEDLINE PMID
  6976626 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6976626)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 996
TITLE
  Development of drug delivery systems for use in treatment of narcotic 
addiction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sharon A.C.
  Wise D.L.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sharon A.C.; Wise D.L.) Dynatech R/D Co., Cambridge, MA 02139
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dynatech R/D Co., Cambridge, MA 02139
SOURCE
  NIDA Research Monograph Series (1981) No. 28 (194-213). Date of Publication: 
1981
ISSN
  1046-9516
ABSTRACT
  The long term goal of the NIDA narcotic antagonist program of developing an 
implantable, biodegradable, naltrexone/PLGA matrix system which will sustain 
the delivery of naltrexone to biological systems for one month has been 
achieved. The dosage forms which provide the desired delivery 
characteristics are 1.5 mm diameter beads composed of 70% by weight 
naltrexone base in 40,000 molecular weight, 90L/10G poly 
(L(+)-lactic-co-glycolic acid). Other dosage forms, including 1.5 mm 
diameter rods which provide 6 months' naltrexone release, finely divided 
injectable powders which provide up to 30 days naltrexone release, and 1.5 
mm diameter rods which provide 2 weeks' sustained delivery of morphine, have 
also been investigated. In vitro and in vivo release rates have been 
determined by measuring chemical concentrations in pH 7 buffer solution and 
urine, respectively. In vivo efficacy of naltrexone sustained delivery 
devices has been measured by direct challenge with morphine (Dewey-Harris 
mouse tail-flick test) and inhibition of morphine self-administration in 
monkeys. Good Manufacturing Practices documentation has been developed and 
used to produce a large batch of the 1.5 mm diameter naltrexone bead dosage 
forms at an FDA-registered pharmaceutical manufacturer. These beads, 
produced at the University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, are 
awaiting use in human clinical trials.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  methamphetamine
  morphine
  naltrexone
  naltrexone h 3
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug delivery system
  drug dependence
  drug dependence treatment
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  central nervous system
  methodology
  short survey
  sustained release preparation
  therapy
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  methamphetamine (28297-73-6, 51-57-0, 537-46-2, 7632-10-2)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  naltrexone (16590-41-3, 16676-29-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1982011172
MEDLINE PMID
  6791005 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6791005)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 997
TITLE
  An analysis of drug-seeking behavior in animals
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schuster C.R.
  Johanson C.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schuster C.R.; Johanson C.E.) Dept. Psychiat. Pharmacol., Univ. Chicago, 
Pritzker Sch. Med., Chicago, IL 60637
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Psychiat. Pharmacol., Univ. Chicago, Pritzker Sch. Med., Chicago, IL 
60637
SOURCE
  Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (1981) 5:3 (315-323). Date of 
Publication: 1981
ISSN
  0149-7634
ABSTRACT
  This article reviews the literature on the behavioral aspects of opiate 
dependence. Available data on the variables affecting drug-maintained 
behavior are presented. These variables are: (a) reinforcement variables, 
including parameters such as delay, magnitude, rate and duration of the 
reinforcing stimulus; (b) antecedent conditions, such as deprivation and 
satiation; (c) organismic variables, such as genotype, species, sex and age; 
(d) current environmental contingencies such as the schedule of 
reinforcement in effect, or extinction; and (e) such experiential variables 
as pharmacological and behavioral history of the organism. The review ends 
with a discussion of the implications of these variables for the treatment 
of drug abuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  amphetamine
  cocaine
  codeine
  dexpropoxyphene
  morphine
  nalorphine
  opiate
  pentazocine
  propiram fumarate
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  behavior
  conditioning
  drug dependence
  drug seeking behavior
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  animal experiment
  central nervous system
  mammal
  review
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  codeine (76-57-3)
  morphine (52-26-6, 57-27-2)
  nalorphine (1041-90-3, 57-29-4, 62-67-9)
  opiate (53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4)
  pentazocine (359-83-1, 64024-15-3)
  propiram fumarate (13717-04-9)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Physiology (2)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1982011508
MEDLINE PMID
  7029360 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7029360)
FULL TEXT LINK
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(81)90026-9
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 998
TITLE
  Drug misuse in older people
AUTHOR NAMES
  Raffoul P.R.
  Cooper J.K.
  Love D.W.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Raffoul P.R.; Cooper J.K.; Love D.W.) Coll. Soc. Work, Univ. Kentucky, 
Lexington, KY 40506
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Coll. Soc. Work, Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
SOURCE
  Gerontologist (1981) 21:2 (146-150). Date of Publication: 1981
ISSN
  0016-9013
ABSTRACT
  Drug misuse of prescription and OTC drugs was studied among 67 subjects aged 
60+ to determine the frequency of misuse and its relationship to various 
psychosocial, medical and pharmacological factors. Home interviews were 
conducted by interdisciplinary teams of Social Work graduate students and 
Doctor of Pharmacy students. Drug misuse was found among 43% of subjects 
with number of prescribing physicians and number of pharmacies directly 
related to misuse. Hypotheses derived from these findings suggest the need 
for educational intervention not only for older drug consumers but also for 
practicing physicians and pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug misuse
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  aged
  classification
  diagnosis
  normal human
  therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1981233062
MEDLINE PMID
  7215888 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7215888)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 999
TITLE
  Pharmacist involvement in an endocrinology clinic.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Miller K.O.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Miller K.O.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  K.O. Miller,
SOURCE
  American journal of hospital pharmacy (1981) 38:11 (1720-1721). Date of 
Publication: Nov 1981
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  The patient-care activities of pharmacists involved in the operation of an 
endocrinology clinic are described. During the patient's initial clinic 
visit, the pharmacist completes a medication profile by interviewing the 
patients and reviewing each patient's medication. The clinic also serves as 
a teaching laboratory. Pharmacy students gain experience interviewing, 
obtaining medication profiles, evaluating drug-related problems, and 
conveying their findings to the physician. The pharmacists' activities 
include: (1) explaining the prescribed medication to the patients on a 
one-to-one basis, (2) discussing the importance of compliance with the 
family members who motivate and reinforce positive behavior, (3) fostering 
relationships with the patients, physicians, and other patient-care 
personnel, and (4) helping the patients obtain medications that are not 
commonly found in community pharmacies. Pharmacist involvement in an 
endocrinology clinic can be an effective means of ensuring patient 
compliance and enhancing interdisciplinary participation, and it can serve 
as a clinical learning experience for pharmacy students.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  endocrine disease (drug therapy)
  outpatient department
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  hospital pharmacy
  human
  organization and management
  patient education
  United States
  utilization review
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  7304625 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7304625)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 1000
TITLE
  Consumer focus of a university drug and poison information center
AUTHOR NAMES
  Sigell L.T.
  Piascik M.F.
  Parker R.E.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Sigell L.T.; Piascik M.F.; Parker R.E.) Cincinnati Drug Poison Informat. 
Cent., Coll. Med., Univ. Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Cincinnati Drug Poison Informat. Cent., Coll. Med., Univ. Cincinnati, Ohio 
45267
SOURCE
  American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (1980) 37:9 (1206-1210). Date of 
Publication: 1980
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  The consumer-oriented aspect of a university drug and poison information 
center is described. The University of Cincinnati Medical Center began its 
24-hour consumer drug information telephone service in 1972. It is staffed 
by seven full-time employees, and pharmacists and pharmacy residents of 
nearby hospitals handle evening and weekend calls. AN participating 
personnel are trained in structured programs. The $78,000 annual budget for 
the consumer drug information service is funded exclusively from external 
sources such as mental health agencies, foundations, and donations. Of 
40,719 calls handled by the center in 1979, 83% were from the public. The 
total annual call volume has increased by 250% since 1972. In telephone 
follow-up of consumer calls, 73% of persons claimed they followed verbatim 
the advice given. Of calls during 1972, 1974, 1977, and 1979, 32.2% 
concerned drug abuse; 28.6%, identification of ingredients; and 10.9%, 
efficacy. Data from a three-month study in 1979 showed that the goal 
perceived by the information provider was to satisfy the curiosity of the 
caller 63.6% of the time (35.6% of the time immediate action was indicated). 
The authors believe that the center promotes appropriate use of physicians 
and pharmacists as sources of information for consumers.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  education
  information
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  prevention
  university
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1981028797
MEDLINE PMID
  7416175 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7416175)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1001
TITLE
  Pharmacist's role in projects for children and youth.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Scott D.M.
  Nordin J.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Scott D.M.; Nordin J.D.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.M. Scott,
SOURCE
  American journal of hospital pharmacy (1980) 37:10 (1339-1342). Date of 
Publication: Oct 1980
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  The establishment of clinical and distribute pharmaceutical services in an 
ambulatory care clinic serving primarily children and youth is discussed. In 
addition to assuring that drug therapy is appropriate and needed drugs are 
dispensed, the pharmacy staff administers the first dose of medications 
prescribed for pediatric patients. As part of the clinic's interdisciplinary 
health care team, pharmacists also provide therapeutic and pharmacokinetic 
consultations, drug monitoring, drug information, educational programs for 
patients, staff, pharmacy students and the community, and drug dependency 
and poison prevention services. Health professionals, patients, and the 
community have accepted the expanded role of the pharmacists.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  child health care
  outpatient department
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  drug information
  education
  manpower
  medical profession
  organization and management
  patient education
  pharmacist
  United States
  utilization review
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  7424930 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7424930)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 1002
TITLE
  A statewide decentralized public drug information system.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Montagne M.
  Clute S.S.
  McKennell T.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Montagne M.; Clute S.S.; McKennell T.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  M. Montagne,
SOURCE
  American journal of hospital pharmacy (1980) 37:9 (1211-1215). Date of 
Publication: Sep 1980
ISSN
  0002-9289
ABSTRACT
  A statewide drug information system designed to assist consumers and health 
professionals is described, with emphasis on the training of pharmacists in 
the system's satellites. The development of the system was initially funded 
by a 10-month, $12,500 grant from the Chemical Dependency Division of the 
State of Minnesota Department of Public Welfare. Twenty-one satellite drug 
information centers in community or hospital pharmacies are linked by a WATS 
telephone line to the library of the University of Minnesota College of 
Pharmacy. Consumers' questions are handled through the satellites with the 
pharmacists there referring to the central information source as needed. All 
the pharmacists in the system are trained in a one and one-half day program 
that covers (1) consultation skills, (2) communication skills, (3) drug 
information retrieval and distribution, (4) practical applications, (5) 
promotion, and (6) resources and referrals. The average amount of time 
devoted to the service for all pharmacy sites is 15-20 minutes per day. 
Percentage of time that specific resources are used include one's own 
knowledge and experience, 64.8%; a fellow pharmacist, 5.7%; another resource 
individual, 5.1%; a standard pharmacy reference book, 13.4%; the central 
clearinghouse at the college, 6.2%; and another resource facility, 4.8%. The 
authors believe that their system can be easily adapted to other areas.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug information
  health care planning
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  education
  organization and management
  pharmacy
  United States
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  7416176 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7416176)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 1003
TITLE
  Pharmacological instruction to undergraduate, nonprofessional students: A 
general introduction to drugs
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gerald M.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gerald M.C.) Div. Pharmacol., Coll. Pharm., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, 
Ohio
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Div. Pharmacol., Coll. Pharm., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio
SOURCE
  Health Communications and Informatics (1979) 5:1 (44-51). Date of 
Publication: 1979
ISSN
  0378-9845
ABSTRACT
  Whereas in the past instruction in pharmacology was restricted to health 
science students, recent years have witnessed the introduction of 
undergraduate, nonprofessional pharmacology courses on dozens of North 
American college campuses. The students enrolled in these courses possess 
widely diverse academic backgrounds, orientations, and vocational 
aspirations, representing an invigorating intellectual and didactic 
challenge for the instructor. The author advocates a scientifically-based 
orientation that survey the general pharmacology of many drug classes 
(rather than exclusively emphasizing substances of abuse) because of its 
inherent flexibility in keeping pace with contemporary developments. While 
such courses should be bases upon a good understanding of the fundamental 
principles of pharmacology, the author believes that students are more 
interested in drugs and drug classes per se. Since the backgrounds and 
interests of students electing these courses fundamentally differ from those 
of students in required health professional pharmacology courses, the 
general orientation, selection of subject matter, and level of scientific 
sophistication must also differ to achieve an educationally successful 
experience.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  health education
  pharmacology
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  geographic distribution
  normal human
  psychological aspect
  short survey
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1980013217
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1004
TITLE
  Utilization of the Poison Center for the teaching of clinical toxicology to 
medical and pharmacy students, housestaff, and health care professionals
AUTHOR NAMES
  Lovejoy Jr. F.H.
  Edlin A.I.
  Goldman P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Lovejoy Jr. F.H.; Edlin A.I.; Goldman P.) Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Unit, 
Massachusetts Poison Control Syst., Child. Hosp. Med. Cent., Harvard Med. 
Sch., Boston, Mass. 02115
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Unit, Massachusetts Poison Control Syst., Child. 
Hosp. Med. Cent., Harvard Med. Sch., Boston, Mass. 02115
SOURCE
  Clinical Toxicology (1979) 15:4 (393-400). Date of Publication: 1979
ISSN
  0009-9309
ABSTRACT
  The Massachusetts Poison Information Center has proved to be a good location 
for the teaching of clinical toxicology to physicians, pharmacists, and 
nurses at all periods of their training and professional development. With a 
continuous source of clinical problems, the availability of sophisticated 
information resources, and a wide array of clinical consultants, a center 
can become the setting for formal courses in toxicology, for fellowship 
training, and for continuing education. Review of clinical cases, discussion 
of management issues, literature reviews, bedside toxicology teaching, and 
formal weekly toxicology seminars are used to accomplish the educational 
goals of the program. We would like to consider a comprehensive Poison 
Center from the perspective of the educational opportunities it offers to a 
wide range of health care professionals. The experience of one Poison 
Center, specifically the Massachusetts Poison Information Center, will be 
described. The Massachusetts Poison Control System is responsible for 
coordinating programs relating to the provision of poison information and 
treatment and professional and public education. It also serves as a source 
of data of research. The Poison Information Center is the nidus for these 
efforts. Its full-time staff can be reached via a toll-free, statewide 
number 24 hr a day, 7 days a week, and receives queries both from the lay 
public and from health care professionals. Calls are received from 
physicians, nurses, and pharmacists in hospitals and outpatient facilities 
and from various suicide and drug-abuse services.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  medical education
  poison center
  toxicology
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  intoxication
  methodology
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine (35)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1980118162
MEDLINE PMID
  540486 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/540486)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1005
TITLE
  Delayed post-course evaluation by educator-students of a long-standing 
college drug education course
AUTHOR NAMES
  Hammarlund E.R.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Hammarlund E.R.) Sch. Pharm., Univ. Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Sch. Pharm., Univ. Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195
SOURCE
  Journal of Drug Education (1979) 9:1 (39-53). Date of Publication: 1979
ISSN
  0047-2379
ABSTRACT
  This report presents an evaluation of a specific college drug education 
course three to eight years later by surveying a large number of its 
previous educator-participants. Thus the respondents have had ample time to 
determine the usefulness of the various types of information acquired from 
the course during their subsequent classroom, counseling or administrative 
experiences. Over 100 anonymous responses (57%) were obtained from public 
school educators who from previous enrollment data were shown to have taken 
the course sometime between 1968-1973. Each year was represented in the 
survey. The relative value of the different topics in the course syllabus is 
discussed. General basic pharmacological information about ALL drugs, licit, 
illicit, alcohol, OTC, etc., was considered to be more valuable than 
specific information about current 'street' drugs. The respondents wanted 
none of the present topics deleted, and they suggested adding additional 
topics, e.g. chemical additives, megavitamins, geriatric pharmacy. Most of 
the respondents indicated that they consider themselves to be more objective 
about drugs now than they were previously but that they don't believe their 
attitudes toward drug abusers have changed in the intervening period.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  education
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adolescent
  prevention
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1979186486
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1006
TITLE
  Clinical pharmacists as allied health care providers to psychiatric 
patients.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Gray D.R.
  Namikas E.A.
  Sax M.J.
  Brinkman J.
  Cheung A.
  Gordon M.
  Parker A.G.
  Welch 3rd. P.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Gray D.R.; Namikas E.A.; Sax M.J.; Brinkman J.; Cheung A.; Gordon M.; 
Parker A.G.; Welch 3rd. P.H.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  D.R. Gray,
SOURCE
  Contemporary pharmacy practice (1979) 2:3 (108-116). Date of Publication: 
1979 Summer
ISSN
  0162-3761
ABSTRACT
  The effect of clinical pharmacy services on the quality and economy of 
health care provided to psychiatric patients at a Veterans Administration 
outpatient clinic was evaluated. Twenty-one patients were selected from the 
Day Treatment Center, of these, 19 patients completed the study. In 
providing health care to these psychiatric patients, the clinical pharmacist 
used a systemized approach including data gathering, evaluation, plan of 
action, and follow-up. In addition, medication groups and weekly staff 
meetings were incorporated into the patient treatment plan. Following a 
3-month study period, the impact of clinical pharmacy services was 
evaluated. The provision of allied health care to psychiatric patients by 
clinical pharmacists resulted in a decreased incidence and severity of 
adverse drug effects, fewer drug use problems, a reduction in the total 
number of drugs prescribed, improved patient drug knowledge, and reduced 
expenditures for health care without compromising the patient's mental 
functioning.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  hospital pharmacy
  mental disease (drug therapy)
  patient education
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  day care
  group process
  hospital bed capacity
  human
  organization and management
  patient care planning
  public hospital
  United States
  utilization review
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  10242843 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10242843)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 1007
TITLE
  Nonprescription medications: A need for information
AUTHOR NAMES
  Stewart E.
  Holloway P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Stewart E.; Holloway P.) Fac. Pharm., Univ. Toronto
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Fac. Pharm., Univ. Toronto
SOURCE
  On Continuing Practice (1978) 5:1 (7-14). Date of Publication: 1978
ISSN
  0315-1042
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  alcohol
  allopurinol
  amitriptyline
  amphetamine derivative
  analgesic agent
  anticoagulant agent
  barbituric acid derivative
  bromine derivative
  cholinergic receptor blocking agent
  diuretic agent
  erythromycin
  expectorant agent
  laxative
  lithium carbonate
  paracetamol
  penicillin G
  pheniramine maleate
  quinine
  salicylamide
  salicylic acid derivative
  sulfanilamide derivative
  vitamin
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS
  calcium bromolactate
  diphenhydramine
  dozex
  nite kaps
  persomnia
  restabs
  unclassified drug
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  adverse drug reaction
  drug abuse
  drug information
  drug marketing
  drug therapy
  health education
  law
  pharmacist
  prescription
  self medication
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  legal aspect
  prevention
  therapy
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  dozex
  nite kaps
  nytol
  persomnia
  restabs
  sominex
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  allopurinol (315-30-0)
  amitriptyline (50-48-6, 549-18-8)
  diphenhydramine (147-24-0, 58-73-1)
  erythromycin (114-07-8, 70536-18-4)
  lithium carbonate (554-13-2)
  paracetamol (103-90-2)
  penicillin G (1406-05-9, 61-33-6)
  pheniramine maleate (132-20-7)
  quinine (130-89-2, 130-95-0, 14358-44-2, 549-48-4, 549-49-5, 60-93-5, 
7549-43-1)
  salicylamide (65-45-2)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1978399744
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1008
TITLE
  Chemical dependency education within medical schools: Supervised clinical 
experience
AUTHOR NAMES
  Harris I.B.
  Westermeyer J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Harris I.B.; Westermeyer J.) Dept. Psychiat., Univ. Minnesota Med. Sch., 
Minneapolis, Minn. 55455
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Psychiat., Univ. Minnesota Med. Sch., Minneapolis, Minn. 55455
SOURCE
  American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse (1978) 5:1 (59-74). Date of 
Publication: 1978
ISSN
  0095-2990
ABSTRACT
  Physicians can play a significant role in chemical dependency, including 
early identification and intervention, referral to treatment resources, 
patient and community education, and responsible prescribing practices. Some 
medical schools have begun to provide instruction in the psychology, 
pharmacology, and physical pathology of chemical dependency; yet surveys 
indicate that few offer supervised clinical experience with chemically 
dependent patients. At the University of Minnesota Medical School, chemical 
dependency treatment centers are used to provide supervised clinical 
tutorials for all second year students as part of a coordinated chemical 
dependency curriculum. The authors describe the development, goals, 
organization, instructional approaches, and assessment of these tutorials. 
It is argued that chemical dependency treatment centers are a valuable 
resource in the education of medical students, as well as other 
professionals, if used with a view to their assets and limitations.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  United States
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1979001200
MEDLINE PMID
  696707 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/696707)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1009
TITLE
  The knowledge, attitudes, and experience of medical personnel treating pain 
in the terminally ill
AUTHOR NAMES
  Charap A.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Charap A.D.) Dept. Surg., Mount Sinai Sch. Med., City Univ. New York, N.Y.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Surg., Mount Sinai Sch. Med., City Univ. New York, N.Y.
SOURCE
  Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine (1978) 45:4 (561-580). Date of Publication: 
1978
ISSN
  0027-2507
ABSTRACT
  A multiple choice, true/false survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, 
attitudes, and experience of medical personnel engaged in the care of the 
terminally ill. The questionnaire focused on the management of pain by 
narcotic analgesics, especially the use of newer modalities of 
pharmacotherapy. Surgical residents, Fellows in Neoplastic Disease and 
Senior Clinical Nurses made up the sample population. The results indicated 
a lack of knowledge of not only the newer methods of pain management, but 
also of the fundamental principles governing analgesic therapy. Physicians 
and nurses overestimated the risks and dangers of physical dependence and 
addiction. They, however, assessed themselves as having sufficient 
knowledge, with the assistance of senior staff, to deal with most problems 
of terminal care. Surgical residents and nurses, in response to 'attitude' 
questions, indicated that they believed that most patients are over- rather 
than under-medicated. Although their aim in pain management was to provide 
complete or near complete analgesia and they recognised the role of anxiety 
in pain, their approach to analgesic therapy indicated a lack of knowledge 
of strategies to minimize anxiety, thus preventing them from providing 
optimal pain relief.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  chronic pain
  neoplasm
  terminal care
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  therapy
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Gerontology and Geriatrics (20)
  Anesthesiology (24)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1979039299
MEDLINE PMID
  81466 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/81466)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1010
TITLE
  Heroin in the treatment of morphine addiction
AUTHOR NAMES
  Kramer J.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Kramer J.C.) Dept. Med. Pharmacol. Therapeut., Univ. California, Irvine, 
Calif.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Med. Pharmacol. Therapeut., Univ. California, Irvine, Calif.
SOURCE
  Journal of Psychedelic Drugs (1977) 9:3 (193). Date of Publication: 1977
ISSN
  0022-393X
ABSTRACT
  Heroin, diacetylmorphine, is a drug whose pharmacology and history have been 
widely misperceived. It is popularly assumed to be more addicting than 
morphine. In fact, its addictiveness, though high, is of about the same 
order as morphine; some of its pharmacological characteristics make it 
somewhat more so, others less so. The similarities between the two are 
reinforced because heroin is rapidly metabolized to morphine. Heroin gained 
a heinous reputation once it became evident that it was addicting. First 
believed to be either non-addicting or less addicting than morphine, some 
reports of its addictive potential appeared within a year or two after its 
introduction in 1898. Heroin was first synthesized in 1874 by C.R. Wright 
(St. Mary's Hospital, London) who, while attempting to study the 
characteristics of some of the opium alkaloids, boiled morphine with acetic 
anhydride. F.M. Pierce (Owens College, London) studied its pharmacological 
effects from a sample sent by Wright. In 1898 the German pharmaceutical 
company Bayer marketed it and gave it the trade name 'Heroin'. It was 
introduced as a substitute for codeine in the control of cough. There is no 
evidence whatever that it was introduced as a substitute for morphine or for 
the treatment of morphine addiction. The small doses of heroin used and its 
oral administration obscured two important effects, however: the very first 
observers saw neither analgesia nor habituation. While by 1900 it was 
evident that heroin could be addicting, it still seemed to be less so than 
morphine. Between 1899 and 1902, physicians, a German, 2 Frenchman and an 
American, wrote papers advocating the use of heroin as an aid in withdrawal 
from morphine addiction, a heroin substitution-heroin withdrawal scheme. 
Between 1902 and 1905, 3 French reports expressed concern about the 
procedure, though one was critical of the misapplication of the technique 
rather than of the technique itself, which insisted that heroin be used as 
an aid in withdrawal, not as a maintenance drug. These French critics of 
heroin substitution based their arguments on the (erroneous) presumption 
that heroin was more toxic and caused a more persistent addiction than 
morphine, and on their unsubstantiated assumption that heroin addiction 
secondary to treatment of morphine addiction was becoming very widespread. 
It seems more likely that their conclusions reflected their concerns rather 
than their observation. In the United States heroin addiction was uncommon 
until after 1910 and did not constitute an important portion of the opiate 
problem until several years later. Most of the few who became addicted to 
heroin in those early years of the 20th century became so following its use 
for general medical purposes rather than because they received it as a 
treatment for addiction or a substitute for morphine. If any blame is to be 
accorded for the rising popularity of heroin among addicts, it can be 
attributed to the new laws controlling opiate dispensing (the Harrison 
Narcotic Tax Act of 1914 and subsequent Treasury Department restrictions and 
Supreme Court interpretations): because it was readily available from the 
illicit market while other opiates were not. The bad press that heroin, 'the 
Demon Flower,' received during the late 1910's and the 1920's was 
unjustified. This distortion of history was one of many promulgated by 
people whose purposes were honorable. They believed that drug use was a 
threat to the country and that essential legislation would be enacted only 
by rousing people and Congress. Their maneuver was effective. The law was 
passed and it came to be narrowly interpreted. This in turn led to the 
American system of addiction control, whereby responsibility for it turned 
over from the physician to the police and the option of narcotic 
maintenance, the British choice, was foreclosed. Thus was provided a fertile 
soil as well as the seeds for a black market that would become the source of 
new addiction as well as the sustainer of old addiction. Careful examination 
of the historical record can serve to correct long-held but erroneous 
assumptions and perhaps may alter the attitudes and policies that flowed 
from those errors. The historical record that heroin was not introduced as a 
treatment for morphine dependence, and that it was probably not even used 
very extensively for that purpose, may induce us to examine the origins of 
other of our assumptions about drug dependence.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  diamorphine
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence treatment
  morphine addiction
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  therapy
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  diamorphine (1502-95-0, 561-27-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1978393383
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1011
TITLE
  Implementation and evaluation of a drug education program for a pharmacy 
school curriculum
AUTHOR NAMES
  Moore S.R.
  Hollandsworth J.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Moore S.R.; Hollandsworth J.G.) Dept. Hlth Adm., Sch. Publ. Hlth, Univ. 
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Hlth Adm., Sch. Publ. Hlth, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.
SOURCE
  Journal of Drug Education (1977/1978) 7:4 (337-345). Date of Publication: 
1977
ISSN
  0047-2379
ABSTRACT
  As the result of a perceived need for some type of classroom attempt at 
approaching the subject of drug use in society, an interdisciplinary class 
was begun at the School of Pharmacy at the University of North Carolina. 
Using funding from Project SPEED, a NIDA contract with the Student American 
Pharmaceutical Association, and continuing them for a three year period, the 
program was able to substantiate both a significant change in the cognitive 
levels of knowledge about drugs and its effect in society, as well as 
significant changes in attitudes of students to that of a more accepting 
attitude toward drug users as well as greater desire for social change 
related to stereotypes and current social policy.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  curriculum
  drug abuse
  education
  stereotypy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  adult
  central nervous system
  normal human
  prevention
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1978268789
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1012
TITLE
  The pharmacology of drug abuse. A novel approach to drug education at San 
Quentin
AUTHOR NAMES
  Schmidt W.K.
  Burchiel S.W.
  Meyers F.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Schmidt W.K.; Burchiel S.W.; Meyers F.H.) Dept. Pharmacol., Univ. 
California, San Francisco, Calif.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Pharmacol., Univ. California, San Francisco, Calif.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (1977) 2:3 (175-183). Date of Publication: 1977
ISSN
  0376-8716
ABSTRACT
  A novel and successful undergraduate-level course in pharmacology has been 
established as part of the drug education program at California's San 
Quentin State Prison. The program was designed to create a 2-way 
teaching-learning experience between former drug abusers and their teachers, 
all of whom were doctoral candidates and post-doctoral scholars in 
pharmacology at a nearby university medical center. In reviewing the 
pharmacology of psychoactive drugs, the emphasis was on the principles of 
drug action in the central nervous system, with additional attention to 
those factors that contribute a potential for abuse. An attempt was made to 
present information in a strictly objective and non-prejudicial manner. An 
initial analysis has shown a possible change in attitude among the 
student-inmates toward drugs of abuse. It is likely that courses following a 
similar design would be well received and successful in any type of 
undergraduate program that addresses the subject of drug abuse.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  acetylsalicylic acid
  alcohol
  amphetamine
  barbituric acid derivative
  caffeine
  cannabis
  chlordiazepoxide
  chlorpromazine
  cocaine
  dextropropoxyphene
  diazepam
  lysergide
  narcotic agent
  phenytoin
  psychedelic agent
  tobacco smoke
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug abuse
  education
  prison
  student
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  theoretical study
DRUG TRADE NAMES
  aspirin
  darvon
  dilantin
  librium
  thorazine
  valium
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  acetylsalicylic acid (493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1)
  alcohol (64-17-5)
  amphetamine (1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 
60-13-9, 60-15-1)
  caffeine (58-08-2)
  cannabis (8001-45-4, 8063-14-7)
  chlordiazepoxide (438-41-5, 58-25-3)
  chlorpromazine (50-53-3, 69-09-0)
  cocaine (50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1)
  dextropropoxyphene (1639-60-7, 469-62-5)
  diazepam (439-14-5)
  lysergide (50-37-3)
  phenytoin (57-41-0, 630-93-3)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
  Neurology and Neurosurgery (8)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
  Drug Literature Index (37)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1978138381
MEDLINE PMID
  880874 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/880874)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1013
TITLE
  Drug related attitudes and knowledge of pharmacy students and college 
undergraduates
AUTHOR NAMES
  Stenmark D.E.
  Kinder B.N.
  Milne L.D.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Stenmark D.E.; Kinder B.N.; Milne L.D.) Dept. Psychol., Univ. South 
Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Dept. Psychol., Univ. South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208
SOURCE
  International Journal of the Addictions (1977) 12:1 (153-160). Date of 
Publication: 1977
ISSN
  0020-773X
ABSTRACT
  A drug related education appears to increase factual knowledge but has few 
effects upon attitudes even when the education has been of several years 
duration.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  attitude
  drug abuse
  education
  pharmacy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  epidemiology
  major clinical study
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Psychiatry (32)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Drug Dependence, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (40)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1978109820
MEDLINE PMID
  863558 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/863558)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1014
TITLE
  Liberty Caps: recreational hallucinogenic mushrooms
AUTHOR NAMES
  Pollock S.H.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Pollock S.H.) Div. Drug Alcohol Abuse, Dept. Pharmacol., Univ. Texas Hlth 
Sci. Cent., San Antonio, Tex.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Div. Drug Alcohol Abuse, Dept. Pharmacol., Univ. Texas Hlth Sci. Cent., San 
Antonio, Tex.
SOURCE
  Drug and Alcohol Dependence (1976) 1:6 (445-447). Date of Publication: 1976
ISSN
  0376-8716
ABSTRACT
  Since recreational use of psychoactive mushrooms has become a worldwide 
transcultural phenomenon, it is of great interest to learn more about fungal 
pharmacology. Clinical studies with psilocybin in both Europe and the United 
States strongly suggest that it is more efficacious than LSD or mescaline 
for psychotherapeutic purposes. The potential usefulness of psilocybin or a 
short acting congener in the psychiatric management of patients with alcohol 
and other drug dependencies certainly warrants investigation.
EMTREE DRUG INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  lysergide
  mescaline
  psilocin
  psilocybine
  psychedelic agent
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  drug dependence
  mushroom
  Psilocybe
  psychotherapy
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  major clinical study
  plant
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS
  lysergide (50-37-3)
  mescaline (11006-96-5, 54-04-6, 832-92-8)
  psilocin (26159-83-1, 520-53-6)
  psilocybine (520-52-5)
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Drug Literature Index (37)
  Psychiatry (32)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
  Forensic Science Abstracts (49)
  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (30)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1977195159
MEDLINE PMID
  1035156 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1035156)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1015
TITLE
  Pharmacies with automated drug profiles can enhance the quality and reduce 
the cost of drug therapy
AUTHOR NAMES
  Harsfield J.C.
  Pelis J.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Harsfield J.C.; Pelis J.) Univ. Massachusetts, Boston, Mass.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Univ. Massachusetts, Boston, Mass.
SOURCE
  Journal of the American College Health Association (1975) 23:4 (277-279). 
Date of Publication: 1975
ABSTRACT
  Availability of more drugs constitutes better health care that may also lead 
to many drug related problems such as interreactions, allergic reactions, 
and drug related diseases. One of the major concerns in health care today is 
the improper use of drugs and their impact on budgetary expenditures. To 
ensure good drug therapy of individuals enrolled in ambulatory programs or 
HMO's, there is a need to develop a drug surveillance system. Establishment 
of a patient drug profile is essential in developing a program that will 
successfully monitor drug therapy. A recent study determining drug therapy 
problems at an outpatient facility has been conducted at the North Carolina 
Memorial Hospital ambulatory care facility. Their report substantiates 
findings at the University of Massachusetts Health Services that a patient 
drug profile monitoring system should be a functional part of the operation 
of a large ambulatory facility. The accomplishments of an automated drug 
profile system would be of great benefit to the patient and all 
professionals involved in providing health care. It would promote rational 
drug therapy by assisting physicians in improving their prescribing 
practices. It would provide the pharmacist with information prior to the 
filling of a prescription so he can alert the physician of potential drug 
inter reactions and prevent possible drug overdose caused by cumulative or 
synergistic effects of drugs. The pharmacist with the patient drug profile 
can also alert physicians to possible drug induced diseases and prevent 
adverse drug reactions in sensitive patients.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  ambulatory care
  drug distribution
  economic aspect
  health care cost
  information
  medical education
  patient compliance
  pharmacy
  prescription
  public health service
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  methodology
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
  Public Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (17)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1976117669
MEDLINE PMID
  1141556 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1141556)
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1016
TITLE
  Considerations regarding inservice education and hospital pharmacy practice
AUTHOR NAMES
  Tkachuk J.G.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Tkachuk J.G.) Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Mich.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Mich.
SOURCE
  Abstracts of Hospital Management Studies (1974) 10:3 (11275:53p.). Date of 
Publication: 1974
ABSTRACT
  This essay reviews literature on inservice education and training, based 
primarily on experiences of the nursing profession, and reports a survey of 
hospital pharmacies in the metropolitan Detroit area, conducted through a 
mail questionnaire, to determine their current status in inservice 
education. Among findings: the small (60-110 bed) hospitals surveyed have 
more pharmacists per bed, and provide more unit dose dispensing and more 
pharmaceutical services through group practice; the large (360-1200 bed) 
hospitals have more routinely scheduled staff conferences, provide both more 
formalized on the job training for pharmacy technicians or supportive 
personnel, and more pharmacist involvement in drug abuse information.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  economic aspect
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  general hospital
  hospital
  paramedical profession
  pharmacist
  public hospital
  teaching hospital
  university hospital
EMBASE CLASSIFICATIONS
  Health Policy, Economics and Management (36)
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  1974206213
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1017
TITLE
  The potential of the pharmacist to serve as a drug abuse consultant
AUTHOR NAMES
  Jackson R.A.
  Elkins J.C.
  Smith M.C.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Jackson R.A.; Elkins J.C.; Smith M.C.) Univ. Mississippi, Sch. Pharm., 
University, MS, United States.
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  R.A. Jackson, Univ. Mississippi, Sch. Pharm., University, MS, United States.
SOURCE
  Journal of School Health (1972) 42:9 (536-539). Date of Publication: 1972
ISSN
  0022-4391
ABSTRACT
  The results of this study indicate that the pharmacist, when compared with 
students of social work, evidences greater capacity, in terms of drug 
knowledge, to serve as a source of drug information. In the interaction 
between the social worker and his or her clients the need for an adequate 
knowledge of drugs of abuse would seem evident in todays drug oriented 
society. According to the results of this study, the student trained in 
social work is not prepared for the assumption of a role of drug abuse 
counselor. Therefore, much time and expense would have to be utilized in 
order to produce a more knowledgeable consultant in matters concerning drug 
abuse. It is in this regard that the pharmacist could play a significant 
role. Many have called for the pharmacist to assume the role of drug abuse 
consultant. Presently, he does not seem to be assuming that role or 
utilizing his drug knowledge in matters of drug abuse. This study shows that 
he has the necessary items in his drug abuse armamentarium to be of great 
service to society.
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  consultation
  drug abuse
  pharmacist
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  abuse
  drug dependence
  drug information
  health education
  social work
  social worker
  society
  student
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY
  English
EMBASE ACCESSION NUMBER
  2008891941
COPYRIGHT
  Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

RECORD 1018
TITLE
  The pharmacist and drug abuse education.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1970) 10:12 (678-679). 
Date of Publication: Dec 1970
ISSN
  0003-0465
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  human
  pharmacist
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  5530855 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5530855)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.

RECORD 1019
TITLE
  The role of a school of pharmacy. Drug abuse education programming for a 
rural state--one approach.
AUTHOR NAMES
  Zanowiak P.
AUTHOR ADDRESSES
  (Zanowiak P.)
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
  P. Zanowiak,
SOURCE
  Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1970) 10:10 (566-568 
passim). Date of Publication: Oct 1970
ISSN
  0003-0465
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS (MAJOR FOCUS)
  addiction
  health education
EMTREE MEDICAL INDEX TERMS
  article
  education
  health care organization
  human
  school
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE
  English
MEDLINE PMID
  5528357 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5528357)
COPYRIGHT
  MEDLINE® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record.