Glaucoma patients not compliant with their drug therapy: Clinical and behavioural aspects - Granstrom, P.A. (British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1982)
The pattern of drug self-administration among 15 patients not compliant with their pilocarpine therapy was studied with an electronic medication monitor. Recording the data and the hour every time the medication bottle was opened, the monitor gives detailed information on the medication behaviour. The results indicate different types of medication errors: inadequate spacing of doses during day with long intervals during the night, frequently missed doses at noon, and long interruptions in the medication, sometimes lasting for several days. Improvement in their compliance was seen in patients who were given instruction and taught to relate their medication to specified events in the day.
Keywords: pilocarpine; aged; case report; glaucoma; patient compliance; self medication; therapy; topical drug administration; visual system

Reports on the ophthalmic situation in the Comoro Islands - Klauss, V.; Klauss, C. (Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, 1982)
Keywords: adolescent; adult; ambulatory care; article; eye disease; glaucoma; human; Indian Ocean; myopia

Usefulness of gonioscopy and Becker's goniograms in the ambulatory treatment of glaucoma - Zeromska-Zbierska, I.; Sowińska-Garstkowa, B. (Klinika oczna, 1982)
Keywords: adolescent; adult; aged; ambulatory care; anterior eye chamber; article; child; female; follow up; glaucoma; gonioscopy; human; devices; male; middle aged; monitoring; pathophysiology

Malignant compliance - Norell, S.E. (Lancet, 1982)
Keywords: pilocarpine; case report; editorial; glaucoma; patient compliance; therapy; topical drug administration; visual system

Monitoring compliance with pilocarpine therapy - Norell, S.E. (American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1981)
I used a recording medication monitor to obtain objective information on self-medication by date and hour from a group of 82 patients using pilocarpine three times daily to prevent visual loss from glaucoma. Doses meant to be taken during the day were missed more than twice as often as morning or evening doses. Of the missed doses, 272 (54%) were noon doses, but only 98 (19%) were morning doses. Medication compliance may be substantially improved by choosing a drug that needs to be taken less often than three times daily. The number of missed doses per day increased significantly during a 20-day period between clinic visits. This suggested that shorter intervals between clinic visits may improve adherence to the drug regimen prescribed.
Keywords: pilocarpine; central nervous system; dose response; drug response; glaucoma; major clinical study; outpatient; patient compliance; psychological aspect; therapy; visual system

The 'eye-bus'. A mobile eye service for the district public health service - Brinck, H.P.; Aasved, H.; Eriksen, H.L.; Sorheim, H. (Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening, 1981)
The ophthalmological service for disabled and old age pensioners in the rural districts of Norway is at present very insufficient. A pioneer project was therefore initiated by The National Association for the Prevention of Blindness during the spring of 1980 by equipping a mini-bus with the instruments and examination facilities for ophthalmological cases. The service was designed to take care of those categories of patients who would have great difficulty in being transported over long distances to have an ophthalmological examination. Four districts within the county of Hordaland were selected for a pilot study, revealing a great demand for an eye service by patients in old age homes and in other institutions for chronically disabled persons. 153 patients were examined and 76 had senile cataract, 32 showed a senile macular degeneration and glaucoma was discovered in 10 patients. Minor disorders were diagnosed in many patients. 31 patients (20%) were classified as blind or visually disabled, 15 were referred to hospital for ophthalmological treatment, while 24 started medical treatment or changed previous treatment. 66 persons needed new spectacle correction for optima visual function.
Keywords: ambulatory care; geographic distribution; Norway; ophthalmology; prevention; therapy; visual system

Determination of acetazolamide compliance in patients with glaucoma - Alward, P.D.; Wilensky, J.T. (Archives of Ophthalmology, 1981)
In an objective test to determine compliance with acetazolamide regimens by patients with glaucoma, treated inpatients had lower carbon dioxide levels (≤ 20 mEq/L) than untreated patients (≥ 25 mEq/L). The test results may be inaccurate in some obese diabetic patients with hyperglycemia and in some patients with obstructive lung disease, such as asthma and emphysema. In an outpatient clinic population, the test showed that 35% (30/87) of the patients did not seem to be taking acetazolamide and 22% (19/87) seemed to be taking it less frequently.
Keywords: acetazolamide; carbon dioxide; asthma; central nervous system; diabetes mellitus; emphysema; endocrine system; glaucoma; hyperglycemia; major clinical study; patient compliance; psychological aspect; respiratory system; therapy; visual system

Means of increasing the effectiveness of dispensary care for glaucoma patients - Ustinova, E.I.; Astapova, N.N.; Luchik, V.I.; Khil'ko, O.N.; Fedorenko, N.A. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1981)
Keywords: adult; aged; ambulatory care; article; blindness; female; glaucoma; human; male; middle aged; standard; time

Accuracy of patient interviews and estimates by clinical staff in determining medication compliance - Norell, S.E. (Social Science and Medicine - Part E Medical Psychology, 1981)
In research, as well as in daily practice, patient interviews and estimates by clinical staff are used to determine patients' adherence to drug regimens. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of these methods in determining medication compliance among patients treated with pilocarpine to prevent visual loss from glaucoma. This was done by comparisons with objective and detailed information on self-medication behaviour obtained with a recording medication monitor. Results indicated that estimates by clinical staff were not useful in determining medication compliance. Patient interviews indentified 7 out of 16 patients who missed doses at least once a week. However, underreporting of missed doses was a major problem in determining medication compliance by interview. Of 73 patients interviewed, only 4% reported two or more missed doses during the past 7 days, whereas monitor records showed that 33% of the patients missed at least 2 doses, and 16% missed at least 6 doses, during the past week.
Keywords: pilocarpine; adult; article; central nervous system; glaucoma; major clinical study; patient compliance; therapy; visual system

Medication behaviour. A study of outpatients treated with pilocarpine eye drops for primary open-angle glaucoma. - Norell, S. (Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum, 1980)
Keywords: diagnostic agent; eye drops; fluorescein derivative; pilocarpine; article; drug self administration; glaucoma; human; information processing; medical ethics; medication error; methodology; patient compliance; patient education; patient participation; psychological aspect; self medication

Compliance of patients on acetazolamide - Wilensky, J.T.; Alward, P.D. (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1980)
Keywords: acetazolamide; epinephrine; abstract report; acidosis; adverse drug reaction; glaucoma; oral drug administration; patient compliance; therapy; visual system

Characteristics of patients with primary glaucoma and the quality of the outpatient services in various regions of the RSFSR - Kozlova, L.P.; Leonov, S.A.; Sokolova, P.D.; Voitova, R.N.; Sporova, N.A. (Vestnik oftalmologii, 1980)
Keywords: adult; age; aged; ambulatory care; article; glaucoma; health care quality; human; middle aged; Russian Federation; standard

A medication monitor and fluorescein technique designed to study medication behaviour - Norell, S.E.; Granstrom, P.A.; Wassen, R. (Acta Ophthalmologica, 1980)
Methods were developed to study medication behaviour, in order to obtain accurate and detailed information on the patterns of drug-taking in medication with eye drops. A medication monitor was designed, which recorded the data and hour each time the medication bottle was opened. A fluorescein technique was designed to study the ability of patients to administer the eye drops in the conjunctival sac. Some problems in the measurement of medication behaviour are discussed. In a group of patients with open-angle glaucoma, for whom pilocarpine eye drops three times daily had been prescribed, 18% of dose intervals had a duration of 12 h or more and 11% had a duration of 4 h or less. Fluorescein tests indicated that the patients were usually able to administer the eye drops correctly.
Keywords: eye drops; fluorescein; pilocarpine; drug monitoring; drug therapy; fluorescence angiography; glaucoma; monitoring; patient compliance; therapy; topical drug administration; visual system

Compliance with ocular therapy - Ashburn Jr., F.S.; Goldberg, I.; Kass, M.A. (Survey of Ophthalmology, 1980)
Patient noncompliance with the physician's prescribed therapeutic regimen can present serious obstacles both to individual patient care and to the obtaining of information necessary for controlled drug trials. Unfortunately, the physician often is unable to determine whether and to what extent a patient is not complying with therapy. This article reviews the problem of patient noncomplicance with particular emphasis on how and why noncompliance occurs, and methods of predicting, detecting and coping with the defaulting patient.
Keywords: eye drops; pilocarpine; drug therapy; glaucoma; patient compliance; psychological aspect; review; therapy; topical drug administration; visual system

Efficacy and patient acceptance of pilocarpine gel - Goldberg, I.; Ashburn Jr., F.S.; Kass, M.A.; Becker, B. (American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1979)
Fifteen patients with symmetrically increased intraocular pressure (IOP) participated in a single masked random 30 day clinical trial comparing 4% pilocarpine hydrochloride gel applied at bedtime to one eye with 4% pilocarpine hydrochloride drops instilled four times daily in the fellow eye. Both forms of pilocarpine reduced IOP significantly at 8 a.m., 12 noon, and 4 p.m. (P < .01). At these times there was no significant difference in effect between the two forms of pilocarpine (P > .05). The mean IOP of eyes treated with gel showed no significant difference from the pretreatment value at 10 p.m. (P = .37), whereas at this time eyes treated with drops did maintain a significant IOP reduction (P = .02). At 10 p.m. pilocarpine drops reduced IOP significantly more than did pilocarpine gel (P = .002). Pupil diameter was affected by the gel and drops in a similar pattern to that of IOP. Patients tolerated the gel with few side effects and were pleased by the convenience of administration once daily.
Keywords: pilocarpine; drug efficacy; drug therapy; gel; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; patient compliance; therapy; topical drug administration; visual system

Improving medication compliance: a randomised clinical trial - Norell, S.E. (British Medical Journal, 1979)
A medication monitor which recorded the date and hour each time a medicine bottle was opened was used to evaluate a programme for improving patients' compliance with their treatment. Eighty-two patients with glaucoma who had been prescribed pilocarpine eye drops three times daily to prevent visual loss were randomised into two groups. Both groups used the medication monitor during two 20-day periods, but before the second period the experimental group were given an education and tailoring programme in an attempt to improve their compliance. Nine patients missed the second treatment period and were excluded from the analysis. The patients in the experimental group showed significantly improved compliance when compared with the control group. The numbers of missed doses were reduced by about half, as was the proportion of time that exceeded the eight-hour dose intervals. Follow-up studies are needed to determine how long the improved compliance persists, but anyone considering setting up an education and tailoring programme should recognise the extent to which therapeutic efforts are wasted because of non-compliance.
Keywords: clinical trial; controlled study; drug therapy; geographic distribution; human; methodology; monitoring; patient compliance; psychological aspect; randomized controlled trial; short survey; therapy

Patient compliance and the 'usefulness product' of timolol - Worthen, D.M. (Survey of Ophthalmology, 1979)
The practical value of any therapy depends upon a combination of effectiveness of the agent (or procedure) and the extent to which the patient complies in its proper administration. Thus, it might be said that the multiple of effectiveness times compliance equals the 'usefulness product'. Among the various glaucoma therapies, this product seems to range from about 30%-90%. Timolol's effectiveness in lowering intracular pressure combined with its low incidence of side effects yields a high usefulness product, and this may decrease the incidence of surgery required for the treatment of the open-angle glaucomas.
Keywords: epinephrine; pilocarpine; propranolol; timolol; drug efficacy; drug therapy; glaucoma; human cell; intraocular pressure; major clinical study; patient compliance; therapy; topical drug administration; visual system

The treatment of glaucoma - Crick, R.P. (Journal of Pharmacotherapy, 1978)
Keywords: acetazolamide; epinephrine; carbachol; demecarium; diclofenamide; ecothiopate iodide; glycerol; guanethidine; mannitol; methylcellulose; neostigmine; physostigmine; pilocarpine; polyvinyl alcohol; drug therapy; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; patient compliance; therapy; visual system; daranide; diamox; oratrol

Effectiveness of mass screening and ambulatory care of patients with glaucoma under regional conditions - Gaevyǐ, M.D. (Oftalmologicheskiǐ zhurnal, 1978)
Keywords: adult; aged; ambulatory care; article; evaluation study; female; glaucoma; human; male; mass screening; middle aged; oculoplethysmography; Ukraine

Case record in a glaucoma outpatient clinic (author's transl) - Wawer, P. (Klinika oczna, 1978)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; chronic disease; follow up; glaucoma; human; medical record

Organization of glaucoma detection in a rural district and its economic effect - Vodovozov, A.M.; Mikhalev, V.A.; Kulikov, I.A. (Oftalmologicheskiǐ zhurnal, 1978)
Keywords: adult; ambulatory care; article; comparative study; economics; glaucoma; health; human; mass screening; organization and management; Russian Federation

Analysis of glaucomatous process according to data of dispensarization of patients - Kozlova, L.P.; Sokolova, P.D.; Zubareva, T.V.; Zhukovskii, G.S.; Nepomniashchii, V.P. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1977)
Keywords: adult; aged; ambulatory care; article; glaucoma; human; middle aged; pathophysiology; time

15,000 diagnoses in outpatient ophthalmologic care - Ehinger, B. (Läkartidningen, 1977)
Keywords: acute disease; adolescent; adult; aged; ambulatory care; article; cataract; child; conjunctivitis; eye disease; glaucoma; human; middle aged; refraction error; register; strabismus; Sweden

Nd:Yag laser. - Vucicevic, Z.M.; Webb, R. (Transactions. Section on Ophthalmology. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, 1976)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; glaucoma; human; devices; laser

Directed prevention of glaucoma and glaucoma dispensatory in the Medizinisches Zentrum Mitte, Rostock - Rathmann, G. (Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung, 1976)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; eye fundus; German Democratic Republic; glaucoma; gonioscopy; health education; human; intraocular pressure; leisure; visual field

Results achieved by ambulatory treatment of glaucomatous patients - Perlis, I.V. (Vestnik oftalmologii, 1976)
Keywords: adult; ambulatory care; article; glaucoma; human

First experience of dispensarization of patients with frequently recurring ocular herpes - Kasparov, A.A.; Cherlakov, I.A. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1975)
Keywords: adolescent; adult; ambulatory care; article; cornea ulcer; human; middle aged; recurrent disease

Pre-glaucoma - Belen'kii, K.R. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1975)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; follow up; glaucoma; human; intraocular pressure; oculoplethysmography; prospective study

Results of prolonged dispensarization of persons with suspected glaucoma - Kozlova, L.P.; Fedorova, S.M. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1974)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; follow up; glaucoma; human; intraocular pressure; oculoplethysmography; time

Data on the results of dispensary treatment of glaucoma in an urban ophthalmological service - Mihaila, A. (Revista de chirurgie, oncologie, radiologie, o. r. l., oftalmologie, stomatologie. Oftalmologie, 1974)
Keywords: adult; aged; ambulatory care; article; evaluation study; female; glaucoma; human; male; middle aged

Automated interpretation of the Mackay Marg Tonograph by digital computer - Pryor, T.A. (Computers and Biomedical Research, 1973)
A program for the multiphasic health testing of outpatients and scheduled admissions at the Latter day Saints Hospital in Salt Lake City has been in operation since May of 1968. Approximately 10,000 per year are tested in the facility with an average patient flow of ten patients per hour during peak usage hours. The initial set of tests developed for the facility included a self administered history questionnaire, and electrocardiogram, pulmonary function analysis, blood pressure, temperature, SMA 12 channel chemistry determination, hematology analysis, and urinalysis. One of the common tests administered at multiphasic health testing facilities is tonometry for detection of patients with glaucoma.
Keywords: ambulatory care; computer analysis; diagnosis; digital computer; eye; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; methodology; therapy; tonography; tonometry

Experience in actively detecting glaucoma patients - Sedel'nikov, G.N.; Indeikin, E.N. (Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal, 1973)
Keywords: adult; ambulatory care; article; glaucoma; human; military medicine; oculoplethysmography; USSR

Cataract and glaucoma surgery in the out-patient - Voth, J.A. (Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, 1973)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; cataract extraction; glaucoma; human; patient transport; postoperative care; preoperative care; procedures

Experience in studying the effectiveness of dispensary observation of glaucoma patients - Pleshkov, V.V. (Vestnik oftalmologii, 1972)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; blindness; glaucoma; human; medical record; Russian Federation; time

A mobile health clinic in rural Oklahoma (H.S.M.H.A. health reports, 1971)
The promise of better health care for rural citizens is becoming a reality in a U.S.A. state (Oklahoma), due to the State Department of Health's mobile health clinic. The clinic is manned by a public health nurse and a home health aide. In some communities, a school nurse also assists in the clinic. Services offered include chest X rays, diabetes screening, blood pressure measurements, various blood tests, tuberculin skin tests, glaucoma screening, family planning conferences, immunizations including diphtheria tetanus pertussis, diphtheria tetanus, rubella, and measles, and oral poliomyelitis vaccine. The glaucoma tests and chest X rays are given in permanent facilities, such as schools, which usually are adjacent to the mobile unit.
Keywords: oral poliomyelitis vaccine; ambulatory care; blood; blood pressure measurement; community; diabetes mellitus; diphtheria; family planning; glaucoma; health; health care; health care personnel; health center; health service; immunization; measles; nurse; outpatient department; pertussis; rubella; school; school health nursing; screening; tetanus; thorax radiography; tuberculin test; United States

Value of dispensary observation of glaucomatous patients - Il'ina, T.G. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1970)
Keywords: adult; age; aged; ambulatory care; article; female; glaucoma; hospitalization; human; male; middle aged; Uzbekistan

Early detection and dispensary treatment of patients with glaucoma in a regional polyclinic in Leningrad - Lopukhov, V.N. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1969)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; female; glaucoma; human; male; mass screening; middle aged; Russian Federation

Long-term ambulatory observations of patients with suspected glaucoma - Ustinova, E.I. (Vestnik oftalmologii, 1969)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; female; follow up; glaucoma; human; male; middle aged

The most frequent errors in the diagnosis and observation of primary glaucoma in the ophthalmological field practice - Dienstbier, E. (Ceskoslovenská oftalmologie, 1969)
Keywords: cholinesterase inhibitor; aged; ambulatory care; article; community care; Czechoslovakia; female; follow up; glaucoma; human; intraocular pressure; national health service; visual field

Our idea on the organization and activity of a glaucoma dispensary - Smeral, L. (Ceskoslovenská oftalmologie, 1969)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; classification; glaucoma; human; intraocular pressure; oculoplethysmography; procedures

10-year experience at a glaucoma consultation clinic - Helm, A. (Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen, 1969)
Keywords: adult; age; aged; ambulatory care; article; female; German Democratic Republic; glaucoma; human; male; middle aged; occupation; outpatient department; season

Active screening of glaucoma in the field - Uher, M. (Moznosti aktivniho vyhledavani glaukomu v terenu depistaz ve trech vybranych zdravotnickych obvodech okresu kolin, 1968)
From a mixed population above 40 yr of age the author examined 5,664 persons by measuring the intraocular pressure in both eyes, using a Schiotz tonometer and by examination of the papillae, and detected 17 patients suffering from simple glaucoma not previously diagnosed. Seven patients were detected because they had suspect or pathologic hypertension, in 10 suspicion was aroused by the appearance of discs of visual bundles, while the intraocular tension was normal. Twenty three patients in the investigated areas were already under dispensary care. The incidence of glaucoma was found to increase from 0.4 to QTt.
Keywords: ambulatory care; examination; eye; glaucoma; hypertension; intraocular pressure; open angle glaucoma; patient; population; screening; tonometer

On the therapy of herpes simplex keratitis with heparin and trypsin - Szeghy, G.; Kenyeres, B. (Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, 1968)
Keywords: heparin; trypsin; ambulatory care; animal; article; cornea ulcer; drug effect; Herpes simplex virus; human; Leporidae

Organization of the detection and ambulatory care of patients in the Moldavian Republic Glaucoma Office - Dobromyslov, A.N.; Skripnichenko, L.I. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1968)
Keywords: adult; aged; ambulatory care; article; glaucoma; human; middle aged; Moldova

Our experience in the treatment of congenital glaucoma - Grigor'eva, V.N.; Ustinova, E.I. (Oftalmologicheskii zhurnal, 1968)
Keywords: glutamic acid derivative; hydrolase; miotic agent; nicotinic acid derivative; vitamin; ambulatory care; article; biological therapy; buphthalmos; child; drug antagonism; female; glaucoma; human; infant; male; newborn; preschool child

Organization of active detection of glaucoma patients and their dispensary service in rural regions - Solovei, N.I. (Vestnik oftalmologii, 1968)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; Belarus; female; glaucoma; health; human; male

Glaucoma in rural areas and its outpatient treatment - Glagovskaia, Z.N. (Oftalmologicheskiǐ zhurnal, 1966)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; female; glaucoma; health; human; male; middle aged

Fibrinolysis induced by ocular surgery - Maeda, I. (J. Clin. Ophthal., 1964)
The plasmin activity was determined by the fibrin plate method according to Astrup and Müllertz, before and after surgery in 69 patients of whom 41 had cataract, 18 retinal detachment, 5 glaucoma, 3 concomitant squint, 1 endophthalmitis, and 1 an orbital tumor. Twelve normal volunteers examined dit no show any fibrinolysis. Blood specimens were obtained from 20 cases of incipient cataract, in whom fibrinolysis occurred in 5 cases. Among operated cases the plasmin was in active state in about 90% of them after operation, and also in about 61% immediately before operation. In the majority of cases the postoperative plasma showed more plasmin activity than before surgery, decreasing gradually from day to day during the postoperative period. Apprehensive fear of operation in these patients seemed to promote fibrinolysis as manifestation of the alarm reaction of Selye.
Keywords: fibrin; plasmin; blood; cataract; endophthalmitis; eye surgery; fear; fibrinolysis; glaucoma; orbit tumor; patient; plasma; postoperative period; retina detachment; strabismus; physiological stress; surgery; volunteer

Result of dispensary service of glaucoma in the Tomsk area. - Selitskaia, T.I. (Sovetskaia meditsina, 1958)
Keywords: ambulatory care; article; glaucoma; GLAUCOMA/therapy; OUTPATIENT SERVICES

The experience of an ambulatory service for glaucomatous patients in remote areas (Russian text) - Popoff, A.A. (Vestnik Oftalmologii, 1953)
A great deal of work has been done in the Pugatshov section in the field of glaucoma. The glaucoma patients were put on a special list, appointments were made and a sufficient amount of miotics and transport to the clinic were provided for the patients. Radio talks and lectures to the laity and general practitioners emphasized the importance of early recognition of the disease. Small units with an eye specialist were sent to the remoter areas to look for glaucoma patients. As a result of this campaign the number of glaucoma patients seen included not only old, hopelessly blind patients, but also a number of early cases referred by general practitioners to the central clinic. A table illustrates the greatly increased number of patients (many on their own initiative) who applied to the glaucoma clinic during the years 1949-1952. Surgical treatment has also increased and prevention of blindness from glaucoma is on the upgrade, as a result of the prophylactic measures.
Keywords: miotic agent; ambulatory care; blindness; eye; general practitioner; glaucoma; medical specialist; outpatient department; patient; prevention; surgery