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HINTS Outperforms ABCD 2 to Screen for Stroke in Acute Continuous Vertigo and Dizziness

dc.contributor.authorNewman‐toker, David E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKerber, Kevin A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHsieh, Yu‐hsiangen_US
dc.contributor.authorPula, John H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOmron, Rodneyen_US
dc.contributor.authorSaber Tehrani, Ali S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMantokoudis, Georgiosen_US
dc.contributor.authorHanley, Daniel F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorZee, David S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKattah, Jorge C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGoldstein, Joshua N.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2013-11-01T19:00:49Z
dc.date.available2014-11-03T16:20:37Zen_US
dc.date.issued2013-10en_US
dc.identifier.citationNewman‐toker, David E. ; Kerber, Kevin A.; Hsieh, Yu‐hsiang ; Pula, John H.; Omron, Rodney; Saber Tehrani, Ali S.; Mantokoudis, Georgios; Hanley, Daniel F.; Zee, David S.; Kattah, Jorge C.; Goldstein, Joshua N. (2013). " HINTS Outperforms ABCD 2 to Screen for Stroke in Acute Continuous Vertigo and Dizziness." Academic Emergency Medicine (10): 986-996. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/100264>en_US
dc.identifier.issn1069-6563en_US
dc.identifier.issn1553-2712en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/100264
dc.description.abstractObjectives Dizziness and vertigo account for about 4 million emergency department ( ED ) visits annually in the United States, and some 160,000 to 240,000 (4% to 6%) have cerebrovascular causes. Stroke diagnosis in ED patients with vertigo/dizziness is challenging because the majority have no obvious focal neurologic signs at initial presentation. The authors sought to compare the accuracy of two previously published approaches purported to be useful in bedside screening for possible stroke in dizziness: a clinical decision rule (head impulse, nystagmus type, test of skew [ HINTS ]) and a risk stratification rule (age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of symptoms, diabetes [ ABCD 2]). Methods This was a cross‐sectional study of high‐risk patients (more than one stroke risk factor) with acute vestibular syndrome ( AVS ; acute, persistent vertigo or dizziness with nystagmus, plus nausea or vomiting, head motion intolerance, and new gait unsteadiness) at a single academic center. All underwent neurootologic examination, neuroimaging (97.4% by magnetic resonance imaging [ MRI ]), and follow‐up. ABCD 2 risk scores (0–7 points), using the recommended cutoff of ≥4 for stroke, were compared to a three‐component eye movement battery ( HINTS ). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios ( LR +, LR –) were assessed for stroke and other central causes, and the results were stratified by age. False‐negative initial neuroimaging was also assessed. Results A total of 190 adult AVS patients were assessed (1999–2012). Median age was 60.5 years (range = 18 to 92 years; interquartile range [ IQR ] = 52.0 to 70.0 years); 60.5% were men. Final diagnoses were vestibular neuritis (34.7%), posterior fossa stroke (59.5% [105 infarctions, eight hemorrhages]), and other central causes (5.8%). Median ABCD 2 was 4.0 (range = 2 to 7; IQR  = 3.0 to 4.0). ABCD 2 ≥ 4 for stroke had sensitivity of 61.1%, specificity of 62.3%, LR + of 1.62, and LR – of 0.62; sensitivity was lower for those younger than 60 years old (28.9%). HINTS stroke sensitivity was 96.5%, specificity was 84.4%, LR + was 6.19, and LR – was 0.04 and did not vary by age. For any central lesion, sensitivity was 96.8%, specificity was 98.5%, LR + was 63.9, and LR – was 0.03 for HINTS , and sensitivity was 99.2%, specificity was 97.0%, LR + was 32.7, and LR – was 0.01 for HINTS “plus” (any new hearing loss added to HINTS ). Initial MRI s were falsely negative in 15 of 105 (14.3%) infarctions; all but one was obtained before 48 hours after onset, and all were confirmed by delayed MRI . Conclusions HINTS substantially outperforms ABCD 2 for stroke diagnosis in ED patients with AVS . It also outperforms MRI obtained within the first 2 days after symptom onset. While HINTS testing has traditionally been performed by specialists, methods for empowering emergency physicians ( EP s) to leverage this approach for stroke screening in dizziness should be investigated. Resumen Objetivos El mareo y el vértigo contabilizan aproximadamente 4 millones de visitas anuales a los servicios de urgencias ( SU ) en Estados Unidos, y de 160.000 a 240.000 (4% al 6%) tienen un origen cerebrovascular. El diagnóstico de ictus en los pacientes con vértigo o mareo es complejo debido a que la mayoría no tienen signos de focalidad neurológica evidentes en la atención inicial. Los autores comparan la certeza de dos aproximaciones previamente publicadas que resultaron ser de utilidad en el cribaje a pie de cama del posible ictus en el mareo: una regla de decisión clínica [ HINTS : Head Impulse (impulso de la cabeza), Nystagmus (nistagmo), Test of Skew (test de la desviación)], y una regla de estratificación del riesgo [ ABCD 2: Age (edad), Blood pressure (presión arterial), Clinical features (hallazgos clínicos), Duration of symptoms (duración de los síntomas), Diabetes (diabetes)]. Metodología Estudio transversal de pacientes de alto riesgo (más de un factor de riesgo de ictus) con síndrome vestibular agudo ( SVA ) (mareo o vértigo agudo persistente con nistagmo, más náuseas o vómitos; intolerancia a la movilización de la cabeza; e inestabilidad de la marcha aparecidos de novo ) realizado en un único centro universitario. Se llevó a cabo en todos los pacientes una exploración neurootológica, de neuroimagen (97,4% mediante resonancia magnética [ RM ]) y de seguimiento. Las puntuaciones de riesgo ABCD 2 (0–7 puntos), usando el punto de corte recomendado ≥ 4 para ictus, se compararon con una batería de movimiento ocular de tres componentes ( HINTS ). Se evaluaron la sensibilidad, la especificidad y las razones de probabilidad positiva y negativa ( RPP y RPN ) para ictus y otras causas centrales, y los resultados se estratificaron por edad. También se evaluaron los falsos negativos iniciales de la neuroimagen (RM). Resultados Se evaluaron 190 pacientes adultos con SVA (1999–2012). La mediana de edad fue de 60,5 años (rango 18 a 92 años; RIC 52,0 a 70,0 años); un 60,5% fueron hombres. Los diagnósticos finales fueron neuritis vestibular (34,7%), ictus de fosa posterior (59,5% [105 infartos, 8 hemorragias]) y otras causas centrales (5,8%). La mediana de ABCD 2 fue 4,0 (rango 2 a 7; RIC 3,0 a 4,0). ABCD 2 ≥4 para ictus tuvo una sensibilidad de un 61,1%, una especificidad de un 62,3%, una RPP de 1,62, y una RPN de 0,62; la sensibilidad fue menor para aquéllos que eran más jóvenes de 60 años (28,9%). La sensibilidad para el ictus del HINTS fue de un 96,5%, la especificidad de un 84,4%, la RPP de 6,19 y la RPN de 0,04, y no se modificó por la edad. Para cualquier lesión central, la sensibilidad fue de un 96,8%, la especificidad de un 98,5%, la RPP de 63,9 y la RPN de 0,03 para el HINTS ; y la sensibilidad de un 99,2%, la especificidad de un 97,0%, la RPP de 32,7 y la RPN de 0,01 para HINTS + (cualquier nueva pérdida de audición añadida al HINTS ). Las RM iniciales fueron falsamente negativas en 15 de 105 (14,3%) infartos, todas salvo una fueron hechas antes de las 48 horas del inicio de la clínica, y todos fueron confirmados por una RM diferida. Conclusiones El HINTS mejora sustancialmente el ABCD 2 para el diagnóstico de ictus en los pacientes con SVA en el SU . También supera a la RM obtenida en los primeros dos días tras el inicio de los síntomas. Dado que el test de HINTS se ha realizado tradicionalmente por especialistas, se deberían investigar métodos que permitan a los urgenciólogos hacer uso de esta aproximación para el cribado de ictus en el mareo.en_US
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.en_US
dc.publisherOxford University Pressen_US
dc.titleHINTS Outperforms ABCD 2 to Screen for Stroke in Acute Continuous Vertigo and Dizzinessen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelMedicine (General)en_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100264/1/acem12223.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100264/2/acem12223-sup-0001-DataSupplementS1.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/acem.12223en_US
dc.identifier.sourceAcademic Emergency Medicineen_US
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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