View Item 

Show simple item record

Depression and parental bonding: Cause, consequence, or genetic covariance?
dc.contributor.authorNeale, Michael C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWalters, Ellenen_US
dc.contributor.authorHeath, Andrew C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKessler, Ronald C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPérusse, Danielen_US
dc.contributor.authorEaves, Lindon J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKendler, Kenneth S.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2013-12-04T18:57:12Z
dc.date.available2013-12-04T18:57:12Z
dc.date.issued1994en_US
dc.identifier.citationNeale, Michael C.; Walters, Ellen; Heath, Andrew C.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Pérusse, Daniel ; Eaves, Lindon J.; Kendler, Kenneth S. (1994). "Depression and parental bonding: Cause, consequence, or genetic covariance?." Genetic Epidemiology 11(6): 503-522. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/101796>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0741-0395en_US
dc.identifier.issn1098-2272en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/101796
dc.description.abstractIt is shown how information on the direction of causation between variables may be obtained from a cross‐sectional study of pairs of relatives. This method is applied to the study of the relationship between ratings of parents' rearing style and depression in their offspring. Adult female twins ascertained from a population‐based registry in Virginia completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies ‐ Depression Scale (CESD) and a 7‐item short form of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) about each of their parents. Two dimensions of parental behavior, overprotectiveness and coldness, were analyzed jointly with depression data in both genetic factor and directional genetic models. Models that specify ratings of parents as a cause of depression in the offspring fit the data significantly better than models that specify depression as a cause of ratings of parents. A still better fit is obtained with models that specify common genetic variance to depression and ratings, though causal models with error variance perform almost as well. In general, ratings of fathers show more genetic and less shared environmental variance than ratings of mothers, which might arise from more consistent treatment of offspring by mothers than by fathers. No effect of children eliciting parental rearing style was detected with these data. The relative merits of instrumental variable, longitudinal, and family approaches to testing causal models are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.en_US
dc.publisherWiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Companyen_US
dc.subject.otherLongitudinalen_US
dc.subject.otherInstrumental Variableen_US
dc.subject.otherDesignen_US
dc.subject.otherMethodologyen_US
dc.subject.otherStructural Equation Modelingen_US
dc.subject.otherMxen_US
dc.subject.otherParentsen_US
dc.subject.otherDepressionen_US
dc.subject.otherCESDen_US
dc.subject.otherPsychiatryen_US
dc.subject.otherGenesen_US
dc.subject.otherEnvironmenten_US
dc.subject.otherTwinsen_US
dc.subject.otherOverprotectivenessen_US
dc.subject.otherBondingen_US
dc.subject.otherColdnessen_US
dc.subject.otherParkeren_US
dc.subject.otherRatingsen_US
dc.subject.otherCausationen_US
dc.titleDepression and parental bonding: Cause, consequence, or genetic covariance?en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelBiological Chemistryen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelGeneticsen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelMolecular, Cellular and Developmental Biologyen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScienceen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arboren_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherDepartment of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmonden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missourien_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Richmonden_US
dc.identifier.pmid7713392en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/101796/1/1370110607_ftp.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/gepi.1370110607en_US
dc.identifier.sourceGenetic Epidemiologyen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC ( 1988 ): Handedness in a sample of volunteer twins. Behav Genet 18: 69 – 79.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKendler KS, Kidd KK ( 1986 ): Recurrence risks in an oligogenic threshold model: The effect of alterations in allele frequency. Ann Hum Genet 50: 83 – 91.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKendler KS, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Neale MC, Eaves LJ ( 1991a ):Coping: A genetic epidemiologic investigation. Psychol Med (in press).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKendler KS, Neale MC, Heath AC, Kessler RC, Eaves LJ ( 1991b ): Life events and depressive symptoms: A twin study perspective. In McGuffin P, Murray RM (eds):“ The New Genetics of Mental Illness.” London: Butterworth Heinemann.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKenny DA ( 1975 ): Cross‐lagged panel correlations: A test for spuriousness. Psychol Bull 82: 887 – 903.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKessler RC, Greenberg DF ( 1981 ):“ Linear Panel Analysis: Models of Quantitative Change.” New York: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLewinsohn PM, Rosenbaum M ( 1987 ): Recall of parental behavior by acute depressives, remitted depressives, and non‐depressives. J Person Soc Psychol 52: 611 – 619.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi CC ( 1975 ):“ Path Analysis—A Primer.” Pacific Grove. Boxwood Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLocasio JJ ( 1982 ): The cross‐lagged correlation technique: Reconsideration in terms of an exploratory utility, assumption specification and robustness. Educ Psychol Meas 42: 1023 – 1036.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMackinnon AJ, Henderson AS, Scott R, Duncan‐Jones P ( 1989 ): The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI): An epidemiological study in a general population sample. Psychol Med 19: 1023 – 1034.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMardia KV, Kent JT, Bibby JM ( 1979 ):“ Multivariate Analysis.” New York: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMartin NG, Eaves LJ ( 1977 ): The genetical analysis of covariance structures. Heredity 38: 79 – 95.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMather K, Jinks JL ( 1982 ):“ Biometrical Genetics.” 3rd Ed. New York: Methuen.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMayer LS ( 1984 ):“ Statistical Inferences in Cross‐lagged Panel Studies.”Technical report. Stanford, CA: Department of Statistics, Stanford University.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcArdle JJ ( 1986 ): Latent variable growth within behavior genetic models. Behav Genet 16: 163 – 200.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcArdle JJ, Boker SM ( 1990 ):“ RAMpath: Path Diagram Software.” Denver: Data Transforms, Inc.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorris‐Yates A, Andrews G, Howie P, Henderson S ( 1990 ): Twins: A test of the equal environments assumption. Acta Psychiat Scand 81: 322 – 326.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMyers JK, Weissman MM ( 1980 ): Use of self‐report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 137: 1081 – 1084.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC ( 1991 ):“ Mx: Statistical Modeling: User's Guide.” Richmond: Department of Human Genetics.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC, Cardon LR ( 1992 ):“ Methodology for Genetics Studies of Twins and Families.” The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC, Fulker DW ( 1984 ): A bivariate path analysis of fear data on twins and their parents. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 33: 237 – 286.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC, Martin NG ( 1989 ): The effects of age, sex and genotype on self‐report drunkenness following a challenge dose of alcohol. Behav Genet 19: 63 – 78.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC, Stevenson J ( 1989 ): Rater bias in the EASI temperament scales: A twin study. J Person Soc Psychol 56: 446 – 455.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC, Rushton JP, Fulker DW ( 1986 ): The heritability of items from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Person Indiv Diff 7: 771 – 779.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeale MC, Heath AC, Hewitt JK, Eaves LJ, Fulker DW ( 1989 ): Fitting genetic models with LISREL: Hypothesis testing. Behav Genet 19: 37 – 49.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParker G ( 1979a ): Reported parental characteristics in relation to trait depression and anxiety levels in a non‐clinical group. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 13: 260 – 264.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParker G ( 1979b ): Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. Br J Psychiatry 134: 138 – 147.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParker G ( 1981 ): Parental reports of depressives: An investigation of several explanations. J Affect Disord 3: 131 – 140.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParker G ( 1986 ): Validating an experimental measure of parental style: The use of a twin sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand 73: 22 – 27.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParker G, Kiloh L, Hayward L ( 1987 ): Parental representations of neurotic and endogenous depressives. J Affect Disord 13: 75 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerris C, Maj M, Perris H, Eisemann M ( 1985 ): Perceived parental rearing behaviour in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. Acta Psychiat Scand 72: 172 – 175.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlantes MM, Prusoff BA, Brennan J, Parker G ( 1988 ): Parental representations of depressive outpatients from a USA sample. J Affect Disord 15: 149 – 155.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlomin R, McClearn GE, Pedersen NL, Nesselroade JR, Bergeman CS ( 1988 ): Genetic influence on childhood family environment perceived retrospectively from the last half of the life span. Dev Psychol 24: 738 – 745.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRadloff LS ( 1977 ): The CES‐scale: A self‐report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 3: 385 – 401.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRaskin A, Boothe HH, Reatig NA, Schulterbrandt JG, Odle D ( 1971 ): Factor analyses of normal and depressed patients' memories of parental behavior. Psychol Rep 29: 871 – 879.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRigdon EE, Ferguson CE ( 1991 ): The performance of the polychoric correlation coefficient and selected fitting functions in confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal variables. J Market Res 28: 491 – 497.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRobins LN, Schoenberg SP, Holmes SJ, Ratcliff KS, Benham A, Works J ( 1985 ): Early home environment and retrospective recall: A test for concordance between siblings with an without psychiatric disorders. Am J Orthopsychiatry 55: 27 – 41.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRogosa DA ( 1980 ): A critique of cross‐lagged correlation. Psychol Bull 88: 245 – 258.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRutter M ( 1986 ): The developmental psychopathology of depression: Issues and perspectives. In Rutter M, Hard CE, Read PB (eds):“ Depression in Young People.” New York: Guilford Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTheil H ( 1971 ):“ Principles of Econometrics.” New York: John Wiley & Sons.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVogler GP ( 1985 ): Multivariate path analysis of familial resemblance. Genet Epidemiol 2: 35 – 54.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWerts CE, Linn RL, Jöreskog KG ( 1971 ): Estimating the parameters of path models involving unmeasured variables. In Blalock HM (ed):“ Causal Models in the Social Sciences.” Chicago: Aldine‐Atherton.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWerts CE, Linn RL, Jöreskog KG ( 1977 ): A simplex model for analyzing academic growth. Educ Psychol Meas 38: 89 – 95.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWerts CE, Jöreskog KG, Linn RL ( 1985 ): Comment on the estimation of measurement error in panel data. In Blalock HM Jr (ed):“ Causal Models in Panel and Experimental Designs.” New York: Aldine,pp 145 – 150.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilhelm K, Parker G ( 1990 ): Reliability of the parental bonding instrument and intimate bond measure scales. Aust NZ Psychiatry 24: 199 – 202.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoung PA, Eaves LJ, Eysenck HJ ( 1980 ): Intergenerational stability and change in the causes of variation in personality. Person Indiv Diff 1: 35 – 55.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkaike H ( 1987 ): Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika 52: 317 – 332.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlexander RD ( 1979 ):“ Darwinism and Human Affairs.” Seattle: University of Washington Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlnaes R, Torgerson S ( 1990 ): Parental representations in patients with major depression, anxiety disorder, and mixed conditions. Acta Psychiatr Scand 81: 518 – 522.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G ( 1979 ):“ Cognitive Theory of Depression.” New York: Gilford Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBecker J ( 1974 ):“ Depression—Theory and Research.”Winston, WA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBiddle BJ, Slavings RL, Anderson DS ( 1985 ): Methodological observations on applied behavioral science. J Appl Behav Sci 21: 79 – 93.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBirtchnell J ( 1988 ): Depression and family relationships: A study of young married women on a London housing estate. Br J Psychiatry 153: 758 – 769.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBollen KA ( 1989 ):“ Structural Equations With Latent Variables.” New York: John Wiley & Sons.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrowne MW ( 1984 ): Asymptotically distribution‐free methods for the analysis of covariance structures. Br J Math Stat Psychol 37: 1 – 21.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCampbell DT ( 1963 ): From description to experimentation: Interpreting trends from quasi‐experiments. In Harris CW (ed):“ Problems in Measuring Change.” Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarey G ( 1986 ): A general multivariate approach to linear modelling in human genetics. Am J Hum Genet 39: 775 – 786.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChodoff P ( 1972 ): The depressive personality. Arch Gen Psychiatry 27: 666 – 673.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceComstock GW, Helsing KJ ( 1976 ): Symptoms of depression in two communities. Psychol Med 6: 551 – 563.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCostello CG, Comrey AL ( 1967 ): Scales for measuring depression and anxiety. J Psychol 66: 303 – 313.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDaniels D, Plomin R ( 1985 ): Differential experience of siblings reared in the same family. Dev Psychol 21: 747 – 760.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDuffy DA, Martin NG ( 1994 ): Inferring the direction of causation in cross‐sectional twin data: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Genet Epidemiol 11: 483 – 502.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEaves LJ, Long J, Heath AC ( 1986 ): A theory of developmental change in quantitative phenotypes applied to cognitive development. Behav Genet 16: 143 – 162.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEaves LJ, Last K, Young PA, Martin NG ( 1978 ): Model fitting approaches to the analysis of human behaviour. Heredity 41: 249 – 320.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEaves LJ, Eysenck HJ, Martin NG ( 1989 ):“ Genes, Culture and Personality: An Empirical Approach.” London: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGotlib IH, Mount JH, Cordy NI, Whiffen VE ( 1988 ): Depression and perceptions of early parenting: A longitudinal investigation. Br J Psychiatry 152: 24 – 27.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeath AC ( 1986 ): Detecting the effects of genotypes X environment interaction on personality and symptoms of depression. Behav Genet 16: 622.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeath AC, Neale MC, Hewitt JK, Eaves LJ, Fulker DW ( 1989 ): Testing structural equation models for twin data using LISREL. Behav Genet 19: 9 – 36.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeise DR ( 1975 ):“ Causal Analysis.” New York: John Wiley & Sons.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolmes SJ, Robins LN ( 1987 ): The influence of childhood disciplinary experience on the development of alcoholism and depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 28: 399 – 415.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacobson S, Fasman J, DiMascio A ( 1975 ): Deprivation in the childhood of depressed women. J Nerv Ment Dis 160: 5 – 14.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJinks JL, Fulker DW ( 1970 ): Comparison of the biometrical genetical, MAVA and classical approaches to the analysis of human behavior. Psychol Bull 73: 311 – 349.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJöreskog KG, Sörbom D ( 1986 ):“ PRELIS: A Preprocessor for LISREL.” Chicago: Scientific Software, Inc.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
1370110607_ftp.pdf
Size:
1.192MB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.