Simulating conventional and unconventional methods of electronic and distributed voting: Effects on time, errors, and satisfaction.

Abstract

This study explored the problem of introducing the innovation of Electronic Voting to potential users. There were two components in this innovation: (a) changing the voting technology by using an electronic machine; and (b) changing the voting procedure to the less-traditional voting method of distributing a relatively large number of votes among several alternatives. The experimental design consisted of exposing each subject to the four possible combinations of the variations in the innovations. The subjects were 95 students recruited by advertising at a large midwestern public university. The experimental conditions were found to significantly impact performance. Electronic Voting was perceived as easier to use, reduced voters' errors and took less time. However, the time gains were not fully perceived by respondents. Almost half of the respondents availed themselves of the distributed voting option. Respondents reported the procedure left them feeling better able to express themselves and more satisfied with the process even though they found it harder to understand. Distributed voting also took longer. Electronic voting has the potential to significantly increase efficiency by reducing either waiting time or investment in voting systems by twenty-five to fifty percent. Further gains in both efficiency and system satisfaction could flow from ease of use and reductions in numbers of invalid ballots. The results for distributed voting point at the possibilities for using interactive electronic interfaces to make new voting options feasible. Such new options could increase satisfaction with the political system and perhaps heighten system responsiveness. However the introduction of both innovations will require public education to familiarize users with potential gains and to increase comfort with new procedures.