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Exploring the cross correlations and autocorrelations of the ULF indices and incorporating the ULF indices into the systems science of the solar wind‐driven magnetosphere
dc.contributor.authorBorovsky, Joseph E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDenton, Michael H.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-06T16:49:55Z
dc.date.availableWITHHELD_11_MONTHSen_US
dc.date.available2014-08-06T16:49:55Z
dc.date.issued2014-06en_US
dc.identifier.citationBorovsky, Joseph E.; Denton, Michael H. (2014). "Exploring the cross correlations and autocorrelations of the ULF indices and incorporating the ULF indices into the systems science of the solar wind‐driven magnetosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 119(6): 4307-4334.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2169-9380en_US
dc.identifier.issn2169-9402en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108067
dc.description.abstractThe ULF magnetospheric indices S gr , S geo , T gr , and T geo are examined and correlated with solar wind variables, geomagnetic indices, and the multispacecraft‐averaged relativistic‐electron flux F in the magnetosphere. The ULF indices are detrended by subtracting off sine waves with 24 h periods to form S grd , S geod , T grd , and T geod . The detrending improves correlations. Autocorrelation‐function analysis indicates that there are still strong 24 h period nonsinusoidal signals in the indices which should be removed in future. Indications are that the ground‐based indices S grd and T grd are more predictable than the geosynchronous indices S geod and T geod . In the analysis, a difference index ∆ S mag  ≈  S grd − 0.693 S geod is derived: the time integral of ∆ S mag has the highest ULF index correlation with the relativistic‐electron flux F . In systems‐science fashion, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to correlate the relativistic‐electron flux simultaneously with the time integrals of (a) the solar wind velocity, (b) the solar wind number density, (c) the level of geomagnetic activity, (d) the ULF indices, and (e) the type of solar wind plasma (coronal hole versus streamer belt): The time integrals of the solar wind density and the type of plasma have the highest correlations with F . To create a solar wind‐Earth system of variables, the two indices S grd and S geod are combined with seven geomagnetic indices; from this, CCA produces a canonical Earth variable that is matched with a canonical solar wind variable. Very high correlations ( r corr  = 0.926) between the two canonical variables are obtained. Key Points ULF indices contain nonsinusoidal periodic signals in universal time ULF indices are not the strongest correlator with radiation belt electron fluxes ULF indices were integrated into a mathematical system science of magnetosphereen_US
dc.publisherJohn Wileyen_US
dc.subject.otherULF Indexen_US
dc.subject.otherSystems Scienceen_US
dc.subject.otherCanonical Correlation Analysisen_US
dc.subject.otherSolar Wind/Magnetosphere Couplingen_US
dc.titleExploring the cross correlations and autocorrelations of the ULF indices and incorporating the ULF indices into the systems science of the solar wind‐driven magnetosphereen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelAstronomy and Astrophysicsen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScienceen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108067/1/jgra51050.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/2014JA019876en_US
dc.identifier.sourceJournal of Geophysical Research: Space Physicsen_US
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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