Effect of acute kidney injury on mortality and hospital stay in patient with severe acute pancreatitis

Abstract

AimSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) is believed to be a major risk factor leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) among critically ill patients, but little is known about SAP‐induced AKI. We study the incidence of AKI defined by the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria and the risk factors associated with outcomes among SAP‐induced AKI patients.MethodWe conducted a multicenter retrospective study of critically ill SAP‐induced AKI patients during the period August 2009 to June 2013. Data on enrolled patients were retrieved from electronic records. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed.ResultsAmong a total of 414 SAP patients admitted to intensive care units(ICU), 287 (69.3%) developed AKI during their ICU stay, with 16.7%, 18.4%, and 34.3% classified as AKI stage I,II, and III, respectively. SAP‐induced AKI patients experienced a significantly higher ICU mortality than those without AKI. The risk factors associated with ICU mortality among SAP‐induced AKI patients included ACS (odds ratio (OR) 10.58), RRT (OR 3.31), sepsis (OR 2.46), CTSI (OR 3.01), APACHE II score (OR 1.82), AKI III (OR 1.38), ICU‐length‐of‐stay (OR 1.04), and multi‐organ failure.ConclusionsThe paper represents the first attempt to investigate the etiology and epidemiology of AKI following SAP under the AKIN criteria among critically ill patients. Several independent risk factors were found to be associated with ICU mortality for AKI patients. The findings may pinpoint crucial therapeutic measures for preventing AKI among a vulnerable population and for more effective management of SAP‐induced AKI to improve the quality of intensive care.Summary at a GlanceIn this retrospective study of AKI following acute pancreatitis, the authors identify risk factors associated with mortality. These findings provide a basis for focussing on high risk patients for future trials of therapeutic interventions.