Building from Scratch: New Cities, Privatized Urbanism and the Spatial Restructuring of Johannesburg after Apartheid
dc.contributor.author | Herbert, Claire W. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Murray, Martin J. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2015-09-01T19:30:22Z | |
dc.date.available | 2016-06-01T20:54:36Z | en |
dc.date.issued | 2015-05 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Herbert, Claire W.; Murray, Martin J. (2015). "Building from Scratch: New Cities, Privatized Urbanism and the Spatial Restructuring of Johannesburg after Apartheid." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 39(3): 471-494. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0309-1317 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1468-2427 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/113120 | |
dc.description.abstract | By the start of the twenty‐first century, the once dominant historical downtown core of Johannesburg had lost its privileged status as the center of business and commercial activities, the metropolitan landscape having been restructured into an assemblage of sprawling, rival edge cities. Real estate developers have recently unveiled ambitious plans to build two completely new cities from scratch: Waterfall City and Lanseria Airport City (formerly called Cradle City) are master‐planned, holistically designed ‘satellite cities’ built on vacant land. While incorporating features found in earlier city‐building efforts, these two new self‐contained, privately‐managed cities operate outside the administrative reach of public authority and thus exemplify the global trend toward privatized urbanism. Waterfall City, located on land that has been owned by the same extended family for nearly 100 years, is spearheaded by a single corporate entity. Lanseria Airport City/Cradle City is a planned ‘aerotropolis’ surrounding the existing Lanseria airport at the northwest corner of the Johannesburg metropole. These two new private cities differ from earlier large‐scale urban projects because everything from basic infrastructure (including utilities, sewerage, and the installation and maintenance of roadways), landscaping, security services, the regulation of common spaces, and selling and branding the city are firmly in the hands of private profit‐making corporate entities and outside the mandate of public authorities. | en_US |
dc.publisher | Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | en_US |
dc.publisher | Brookings Institution Press | en_US |
dc.subject.other | South Africa | en_US |
dc.subject.other | megaprojects | en_US |
dc.subject.other | megareal estate development | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Privatized urbanism | en_US |
dc.subject.other | private cities | en_US |
dc.subject.other | edge cities | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Johannesburg | en_US |
dc.title | Building from Scratch: New Cities, Privatized Urbanism and the Spatial Restructuring of Johannesburg after Apartheid | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Urban Planning | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Social Sciences | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113120/1/ijur12180.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/1468-2427.12180 | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | International Journal of Urban and Regional Research | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Murray, M.J. ( 2013 ) The quandary of post‐public space: New Urbanism, Melrose Arch, and the rebuilding of Johannesburg after apartheid. Journal of Urban Design 18. 1, 119 – 44. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pírez, P. ( 2002 ) Buenos Aires: fragmentation and privatization of the metropolitan city. Environment and Urbanization 14. 1, 145 – 58. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rogerson, C. ( 2003 ) Local economic development in Midrand, South Africa's ecocity. Urban Forum 14. 2/3, 201 – 22. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | SA Commercial Prop News (2012) Central Park at Waterfall Business Estate set to become an icon of twenty‐first‐century quality urban living. 23 July [WWW document]. URL http://www.sacommercialpropnews.co.za (accessed 10 May 2014). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sassen, S. ( 2007 ) Toward a multiplication of specialized assemblages of territory, authority and rights. Parallax 13. 1, 87 – 94. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sassen, S. ( 2008 ) Neither global nor national: novel assemblages of territory, authority and rights. Ethics and Global Politics 1. 12, 61 – 79. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Seshadri, T. ( 2012 ) An analysis of the feasibility of private land assembly for Special Economic Zones in India. Urban Studies 49. 10, 2285 – 300. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shatkin, G. ( 2008 ) The city and the bottom line: urban megaprojects and the privatization of planning in Southeast Asia. Environment and Planning A 40. 2, 383 – 401. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shatkin, G. ( 2011 ) Planning privatopolis: representation and contestation in the development of urban integrated mega‐projects. In A. Roy and A. Ong (eds.), Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global, Wiley Blackwell, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sibali, L. (2009) Take‐off for Lanseria's new cradle city. Business Day (Johannesburg, South Africa) 25 February [WWW document]. URL http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/resources/doc/nb/news/132D6BC985B866B8?p=AWNB (accessed 12 January 2011). Sidaway, J. ( 2007 ) Enclave space: a new metageography of development? Area 39. 3, 331 – 39. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Soja, E. ( 1992 ) Inside exopolis: scenes from Orange County. In M. Sorkin (ed.), Variations on a theme park, Hill and Wang, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Soja, E. ( 1996 ) Los Angeles, 1965–1992: from crisis‐generated restructuring to restructuring‐generated crisis. In A. Scott and E. Soja (eds.), The city: Los Angeles and urban theory at the end of the twentieth century, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Soja, E. ( 2000 ) Postmetropolis: critical studies of cities and regions. Blackwell, Malden, MA. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sudjic, D. ( 1993 ) The 100 mile city. Flamingo, London. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Swyngedouw, E., F. Moulaert and A. Rodriguez ( 2002 ) Neoliberal urbanization in Europe: large‐scale urban development projects and the new urban policy. Antipode 34. 3, 547 – 48. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tait, M. and O. Jensen ( 2007 ) Traveling ideas, power, and place: the case of urban villages and business improvement districts. International Planning Studies 11. 2, 107 – 27. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taşan‐Kok, T. ( 2010 ) Entrepreneurial governance: challenges of large‐scale property‐led urban regeneration projects. Tijdschrift voor Economische en≈Sociale Geografie 101. 2, 126 – 50. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Teaford, J. ( 1997 ) Post‐suburbia: government and politics in the edge cities. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Thompson, C. ( 2013 ) Master‐planned estates: privatization, socio‐spatial polarization and community. Geography Compass 7. 1, 85 – 93. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | van der Merwe, C. ( 2009 ) ‘Green city’ master plan approved by Gauteng councils. Engineering News 26 June [WWW document]. URL http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/green‐building‐platform‐cradle‐city‐masterplan‐approved‐2009‐06‐26 (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Varnelis, K. ( 2005 ) Los Angeles: cluster city. In S. Read, J. Rosemann and J. van Eldijk (eds.), Future city, Spon Press, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Visser, A. ( 2012 ) Lanseria buy ‘will support growth of aerotropolis'. Business Day 19 November [WWW document]. URL http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/resources/doc/nb/news/142AA997F5F9BFC0?p=AWNB (accessed 6 July 2013). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ward, K. ( 2003 ) Entrepreneurial urbanism, state restructuring and civilising ‘new’ East Manchester. Area 35. 2, 116 – 27. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wong, K.‐Y. and D.K.Y. Chu ( 1984 ) Export Processing Zones and Special Economic Zones as generators of economic development: the Asian experience. Geografiska Annaler B 66. 1, 1 – 16. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Altshuler, A. and D. Luberoff ( 2003 ) Mega‐projects: the changing politics of urban public investment. Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Beauregard, R. ( 1995 ) Edge cities: peripheralising the centre. Urban Geography 16. 8, 708 – 21. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Beavon, K.S.O. ( 1997 ) Johannesburg: a city and metropolitan area in transformation. In C. Rakodi (ed.), The urban challenge in Africa: growth and management of its large cities, United Nations University Press, Tokyo. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Beavon, K.S.O. ( 2004 ) Johannesburg: the making and shaping of the city. University of South Africa Press, Pretoria. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bezmez, D. ( 2008 ) The politics of urban waterfront regeneration: the case of Halíc (the Golden Horn), Istanbul. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32. 4, 815 – 40. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bloom, J. ( 2006 ) Paths to success for a ‘city region'. Business Day 2 September [WWW document]. URL http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/resources/doc/nb/news/132D6E6328CDB1A8?p=AWNB (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Booyens, Y. ( 2012 ) Airport to get a new R150m runway. Engineering News 30 March [WWW document]. URL http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/airport‐to‐get‐r150m‐runway‐2012‐03‐30 (accessed 6 July 2013). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Borsdorf, A., R. Hidalgo and R. Sánchez ( 2007 ) A new model of urban development in Latin America: the gated communities and fenced cities in the metropolitan areas of Santiago de Chile and Valparaíso. Cities 24. 5, 365 – 78. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bremner, L. ( 1998 ) Crime and the emerging landscape of post‐apartheid Johannesburg. In H. Judin and I. Vladislavić (eds.), Blank: architecture, apartheid and after, NAi Publishers, Rotterdam. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bremner, L. ( 2002a ) Living on the edge. Sunday Times Lifestyle 17 February [WWW document]. URL http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/resources/doc/nb/news/132F6B6696691750?p=AWNB (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bremner, L. ( 2002b ) Closure, simulation, and ‘making‐do’ in the contemporary Johannesburg landscape. In O. Enwezor et al. (ed.), Under siege: four African cities: Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos, Documenta 11, platform 4, Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern‐Ruit. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bremner, L. ( 2005 ) Remaking Johannesburg. In S. Read, J. Rosemann and J. van Eldijk (eds.), Future city, Routledge, London. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bullard, R., G. Johnson and A. Torres ( 2000 ) Sprawl city: race, politics, and planning in Atlanta. Island Press, Washington, DC. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bunnell, T., D. Goh, C.‐K. Lai and C.‐W. Pow ( 2012 ) Global urban frontiers: Asian cities in theory, practice and imagination. Urban Studies 43. 13, 2785 – 93. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chauke, A. (2006) Private airport will get a huge upgrade. Sunday Times 26 September [WWW document]. URL http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/resources/doc/nb/news/132F684C0CCE4648?p=AWNB (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chipkin, C. ( 2008 ) Johannesburg transition: architecture and society from 1950. STE Publishers, Johannesburg. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | City Press ( 2012) Lanseria lifts off to next level. 24 November [WWW document]. URL http://www.citypress.co.za/business/lanseria‐lifts‐off‐to‐next‐level‐20121124/ (accessed 6 July 2013). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cox, A. (2006a) R15bn ‘city’ to link Pretoria and Joburg. The Star 3 May [WWW document]. URL http://www.iol.co.za/news/south‐africa/r15bn‐city‐to‐link‐pretoria‐and‐joburg‐1.276236#.VNj8_3azgkQ (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cox, A. (2006b) Shopping centres worth billions in pipeline. Pretoria News 4 July [WWW document]. URL http://www.goproperty.co.za/15_news_Shopping‐centres‐worth‐billions‐in‐pipeline.html (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cox, A. (2010) Green architecture: a first for SA. Pretoria News 17 November [WWW document]. URL http://www.iolproperty.co.za/roller/news/entry/green_architecture_a_first_for (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Czeglédy, A. ( 2003 ) Villas of the Highveld: a cultural perspective on Johannesburg and its ‘northern suburbs'. In R. Tomlinson, R. Beauregard, L. Bremner and X. Mangcu (eds.), Emerging Johannesburg: perspectives on the postapartheid city, Routledge, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Daily Sun (2009) Cradle City is coming soon. 26 February, 3 [WWW document]. URL http://www.keyprojects.co.za/admin/documents/090226thesun.pdf (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Datta, A. ( 2012 ) India's ecocity? Environment, urbanisation, and mobility in the making of Lavasa. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 30. 6, 982 – 96. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | de Cauter, L. ( 2001 ) The capsule and the network. Oase: Tijdschrift voor Architectuur 54, 123 – 32. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Diaz Orueta, F. and S. Fainstein ( 2008 ) The new mega‐projects: genesis and impacts. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32. 4, 759 – 67. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dick, H. and P. Rimmer ( 1998 ) Beyond the third world city: the new urban geography of Southeast Asia. Urban Studies 35. 12, 2303 – 21. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dirsuweit, T. and F. Schattauer ( 2004 ) Fortresses of desire: Melrose Arch and the emergence of urban tourist spectacles. GeoJournal 60. 3, 239 – 47. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Doucet, B. ( 2013 ) Variations of the entrepreneurial city: goals, roles and visions in Rotterdam's Kop van Zuide and the Glasgow Harbour megaprojects. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37. 6, 2035 – 51. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Douglass, M. ( 2010 ) Globalization, mega‐projects, and the environment: urban form and water in Jakarta. Environment and Urbanization Asia 1. 1, 45 – 65. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Douglass, M. and L. Huang ( 2007 ) Globalizing the city in Southeast Asia: utopia on the urban edge––the case of Phu My Hung, Saigon. International Journal of Asia‐Pacific Studies 3. 2, 1 – 42. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dunham‐Jones, E. ( 2000 ) New Urbanism as a counter‐project to Post‐Industrialism. Places 3. 2, 6 – 31. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Easterling, K. ( 2005 ) Enduring innocence: global architecture and its political masquerades. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Easterling, K. ( 2007a ) Extrastatecraft. Perspecta 39, 4 – 16. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Easterling, K. ( 2007b ) The zone. In C. de Baan, J. Declerk and V. Patteeuw (eds.), Visionary power: producing the contemporary city, NAi Publishers, Rotterdam. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Elsheshtawy, Y. ( 2010 ) Dubai: behind an urban spectacle. Routledge, London and New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Engineering News (2013) Waterfall Business Estate is positioned to be one of SA's most successful nodes, 6 November [WWW document]. URL http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/html (accessed 10 May 2014). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | EPROP Commercial Marketplace (2009a) Airport‐based Cradle City aims to be Gauteng's green city of the future, 18 February [WWW document]. URL http://www.eprop.co.za/html (accessed 10 May 2014). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | EPROP Commercial Marketplace (2009b) City within a city. 26 August [WWW document]. URL http://www.eprop.co.za/html (accessed 10 May 2014). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | EPROP Commercial Property Marketplace (2009c) Cradle City ‘aerotropolis’ to complement area planning objectives. 11 July [WWW document]. URL http://www.eprop.co.za/html (accessed 10 May 2014). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Evans, G. ( 2003 ) Hard branding the cultural city––from Prado to Prada. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27. 2, 417 – 40. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fainstein, S. ( 2008 ) Mega‐projects in New York, London and Amsterdam. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32. 4, 768 – 85. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fife, I. ( 2008 ) Property tycoon's R25bn coup … and how he did it. Financial Mail 5 September, 34–41. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fife, I. ( 2009 ) Birth of a private city. Financial Mail 20 March [WWW document]. URL http://www.eprop.co.za/commercial‐property‐news/item/10565‐Birth‐of‐a‐private‐city.html (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fife, I. and X. Bhengu ( 2006 ) Land of promise. Financial Mail 2 February [WWW document]. URL http://www.eprop.co.za/commercial‐property‐news/item/6517‐Land‐of‐promise.html (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fishman, R. ( 1987 ) Bourgeois utopias: the rise and fall of suburbia. Basic Books, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fishman, R. ( 2008 ) New Urbanism in the age of re‐urbanism. In T. Haas (ed.), New Urbanism and beyond: designing cities for the future, Rizzoli, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Garreau, J. ( 1991 ) Edge city: life on the new frontier. Doubleday Press, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goldberger, P. ( 1996 ) The rise of the private city. In J. Vitullo‐Martin (ed.), Breaking away: the future of cities, Twentieth Century Fund, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gordon, P. and H. Richardson ( 1996 ) Beyond polycentricity: the dispersed metropolis, Los Angeles, 1970–1990. Journal of the American Planning Association 62. 3, 289 – 95. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Graham, S. and S. Marvin ( 2001 ) Splintering urbanism: networked infrastructures, technological mobilities, and the urban condition. Routledge, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greenberg, M. ( 2008 ) Branding New York: how a city in crisis was sold to the world. Routledge, New York, NY. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hall, T. and P. Hubbard ( 1996 ) The entrepreneurial city: new urban politics, new urban geography? Progress in Human Geography 20. 2, 153 – 74. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hall, T. and P. Hubbard ( 1998 ) The entrepreneurial city: geographies of politics, regime and representation. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hall, P. and K. Pain ( 2006 ) The polycentric metropolis: learning from mega‐city regions in Europe. Earthscan, London. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hansen, H. and L. Winther ( 2007 ) The spaces of urban economic geographies: industrial transformation in the outer city of Copenhagen. Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 107. 2, 45 – 58. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Harvey, D. ( 1989 ) From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the transformation of urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler 71. B, 3 – 17. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hogan, T., T. Bunnell, C.‐P. Pow, E. Permanasari and S. Morshidi ( 2012 ) Asian urbanisms and the privatization of cities. Cities 29. 1, 59 – 63. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huyssen, A. ( 1997 ) The voids of Berlin. Critical Inquiry 24. 1, 57 – 81. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jessop, B. ( 1997 ) The entrepreneurial city: re‐imagining localities, redesigning economic governance, or restructuring capital? In J. Jewson and S. MacGregor (eds.), Transforming cities: contested governance and new spatial divisions, Routledge, London. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kanna, A. ( 2011 ) Dubai, the city as corporation. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kasarda, J. ( 2009 ) Airport cities. Urban Land 68. 4, 56 – 60. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kasarda, J. and G. Lindsay ( 2011 ) Aerotropolis: the way we'll live next. Allen Lane, London. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kim, C. ( 2010 ) Place promotion and symbolic characterization of New Songdo City, South Korea. Cities 27. 1, 13 – 19. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Klingmann, A. ( 2007 ) Brandscapes: architecture and the experience economy. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kokx, A. ( 2011 ) Partnerships in urban restructuring: building long‐term relationships or pragmatic managerial tool? The Dutch experience. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35. 5, 1026 – 47. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lang, E. ( 2003 ) Edgeless cities: exploring the elusive metropolis. Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lang, R. and J. Lefurgy ( 2007 ) Boomburgs: the rise of America's accidental cities. Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lehrer, U. and J. Laidley ( 2008 ) Old mega‐projects newly packaged? Waterfront redevelopment in Toronto. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32. 4, 786 – 803. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lipman, A. and H. Harris ( 1999 ) Fortress Johannesburg. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 26. 5, 727 – 40. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mabin, A. ( 2007 ) Johannesburg: (South) Africa's aspirant global city. In K. Segbers (ed.), The making of global city regions: Johannesburg, Mumbai/Bombay, São Paulo, and Shanghai, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | MacLeod, G. ( 2002 ) From urban entrepreneurialism to a ‘revanchist city'? On the spatial injustices of Glasgow's renaissance. Antipode 34. 3, 602 – 23. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Martin Kramer Engineering (2006) New development for Gauteng. 21 June [WWW document]. URL http://www.waterfallinfo.co.za/news.php?item.18.8 (accessed 10 May 2014). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Murphy, P. and T. Hogan ( 2012 ) Discordant order: Manila's neo‐patrimonial urbanism. Thesis Eleven 112. 1, 10 – 34. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Murray, M.J. ( 2008 ) The city in fragments: kaleidoscopic Johannesburg after apartheid. In G. Prakash and K. Kruse (eds.), The spaces of the modern city: imaginaries, politics, and everyday life, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Murray, M.J. ( 2011 ) City of extremes: the spatial politics of Johannesburg. Duke University Press, Durham, NC. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ong, A. ( 2006 ) Neoliberalism as exception: mutations in citizenship and sovereignty. Duke University Press, Durham, NC. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Paling, W. ( 2012 ) Planning a future for Phnom Penh: mega projects, aid dependence and disjointed governance. Urban Studies 49. 13, 2889 – 912. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Phillips, D.R. and A. Yeh ( 1987 ) The provision of housing and social services in China's Special Economic Zones. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5. 4, 447 – 68. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Phillips, D.R. and A. Yeh ( 1989 ) Special Economic Zones. In D. Goodman (ed.), China's regional development, Routledge, London. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pillay, U. ( 2006 ) SA's global city region of the future. Business Day 11 July [WWW document]. URL http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/resources/doc/nb/news/132D6E7356E0B080?p=AWNB (accessed 12 January 2011). | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.