View Item 

Show simple item record

Effects of nitrogen deposition and empirical nitrogen critical loads for ecoregions of the United States
dc.contributor.authorPardo, Linda H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFenn, Mark E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGoodale, Christine L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGeiser, Linda H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDriscoll, Charles T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAllen, Edith B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBaron, Jill S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBobbink, Rolanden_US
dc.contributor.authorBowman, William D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorClark, Christopher M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorEmmett, Bridgeten_US
dc.contributor.authorGilliam, Frank S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGreaver, Tara L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHall, Sharon J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLilleskov, Erik A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Linglien_US
dc.contributor.authorLynch, Jason A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNadelhoffer, Knute J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPerakis, Steven S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRobin-Abbott, Molly J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorStoddard, John L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWeathers, Kathleen C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDennis, Robin L.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-02-01T18:49:50Z
dc.date.available2016-02-01T18:49:50Z
dc.date.issued2011-12en_US
dc.identifier.citationPardo, Linda H.; Fenn, Mark E.; Goodale, Christine L.; Geiser, Linda H.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Allen, Edith B.; Baron, Jill S.; Bobbink, Roland; Bowman, William D.; Clark, Christopher M.; Emmett, Bridget; Gilliam, Frank S.; Greaver, Tara L.; Hall, Sharon J.; Lilleskov, Erik A.; Liu, Lingli; Lynch, Jason A.; Nadelhoffer, Knute J.; Perakis, Steven S.; Robin-Abbott, Molly J.; Stoddard, John L.; Weathers, Kathleen C.; Dennis, Robin L. (2011). "Effects of nitrogen deposition and empirical nitrogen critical loads for ecoregions of the United States." Ecological Applications 21(8): 3049-3082.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1051-0761en_US
dc.identifier.issn1939-5582en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/117159
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.en_US
dc.publisherEcological Society of Americaen_US
dc.subject.othercommunity shiftsen_US
dc.subject.otherair pollutionen_US
dc.subject.otheratmospheric N depositionen_US
dc.subject.otherbiodiversityen_US
dc.subject.othernatural resource protectionen_US
dc.subject.othernitrate leachingen_US
dc.subject.othernitrogen saturationen_US
dc.subject.otherplant nitrogen cyclingen_US
dc.subject.othervegetation type conversionen_US
dc.titleEffects of nitrogen deposition and empirical nitrogen critical loads for ecoregions of the United Statesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelEcology and Evolutionary Biologyen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScienceen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherCentre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, LL57 2UW United Kingdomen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherB-WARE Research Center, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlandsen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherU.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniversity of California, Riverside, California 92521 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherSyracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUSDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon 97339 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherCornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUSDA Forest Service, Riverside, California 92507 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUSDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 705 Spear Street, South Burlington, Vermont 05403 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUSDA Forest Service, Houghton, Michigan 49931 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherArizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherU.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherMarshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherU.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherCary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York 12545 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherU.S. EPA, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherU.S. Geological Survey, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USAen_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117159/1/eap20112183049.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1890/10-2341.1en_US
dc.identifier.sourceEcological Applicationsen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNilles, M. A., and B. E. Conley. 2001. Changes in the chemistry of precipitation in the United States, 1981–1998. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 130: 409 – 414.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMichel, T. J., J. E. Saros, S. J. Interlandi, and A. P. Wolfe. 2006. Resource requirements of four freshwater diatom taxa determined by in situ growth bioassays using natural populations from alpine lakes. Hydrobiologia 568: 235 – 243.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiller, A. E., and W. D. Bowman. 2002. Variation in nitrogen-15 natural abundance and nitrogen uptake traits among co-occurring alpine species: do species partition nitrogen form? Oecologia 130: 609 – 616.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMitchell, R. J., A. M. Truscot, I. D. Leith, J. N. Cape, N. van Dijk, Y. S. Tang, D. Fowler, and M. A. Sutton. 2005. A study of epiphytic communities of Atlantic oak woods along an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient. Journal of Ecology 93: 482 – 492.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoore, T., C. Blodau, J. Turunen, N. Roulet, and P. J. H. Richard. 2004. Patterns of nitrogen and sulfur accumulation and retention in ombrotrophic bogs, eastern Canada. Global Change Biology 11: 256 – 367.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNADP [National Atmospheric Deposition Program]. 2009. Atmospheric integrated research monitoring network. NADP, Champaign, Illinois, USA. 〈 http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/airmon/ 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNEG/ECP [New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers] Forest Mapping Group. 2003. Assessment of forest sensitivity to nitrogen and sulfur deposition in New England and Eastern Canada: pilot phase report. Conference of the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 〈 http://www.ecosystems-research.com/fmi/VT-NF-Forest-Sensitivity-Report.pdf  〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNordin, A., J. Strengbom, and L. Ericson. 2006. Responses to ammonium and nitrate additions by boreal plants and their natural enemies. Environmental Pollution 141: 167 – 174.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNordin, A., J. Strengbom, J. Witzell, T. Näsholm, and L. Ericson. 2005. Nitrogen deposition and the biodiversity of boreal forests: Implications for the nitrogen critical load. Ambio 34: 20 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNRC [National Research Council]. 2004. Air quality management in the United States. National Academy of Sciences Press, Washington, D.C., USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNydick, K. R., B. M. Lafrancois, J. S. Baron, and B. M. Johnson. 2004. Nitrogen regulation of algal biomass, productivity, and composition in shallow mountain lakes, Snowy Range, Wyoming, USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 61: 1256 – 1268.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOllinger, S. V., J. D. Aber, G. M. Lovett, S. E. Milham, and R. G. Lathrop. 1993. A spatial model of atmospheric deposition for the northeastern U.S. Ecological Applications 3: 459 – 472.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOuimet, R., P. A. Arp, S. A. Watmough, J. Aherne, and I. Demerchant. 2006. Determination and mapping critical loads of acidity and exceedances for upland forest soils in eastern Canada. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 172: 57 – 66.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePardo, L. H. 2010. Approaches for estimating critical loads of N and S deposition for forest ecosystems on U.S. federal lands. General Technical Report NRS-71. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePardo, L. H., et al. 2011 a. Synthesis. Pages 229 – 284 in L. H. Pardo, M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll, editors. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePardo, L. H., E. A. Lilleskov, L. H. Geiser, and M. J. Robin-Abbott. 2011 b. Methods. Pages 25 – 35 in L. H. Pardo, M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll, editors. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePardo, L. H., M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll. 2011 c. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePoikolainen, J., H. Lippo, M. Hongisto, E. Kubin, K. Mikkola, and M. Lindgren. 1998. On the abundance of epiphytic green algae in relation to the nitrogen concentrations of biomonitors and nitrogen deposition in Finland. Environmental Pollution 102: 85 – 92.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePorter, E., T. Blett, D. Potter, and C. Huber. 2005. Protecting resources on federal lands: Implications of critical loads for atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur. BioScience 55: 603 – 612.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePorter, M. K. 2007. Regional modeling of nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury atmospheric deposition in the Pacific Northwest. M.S. thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePosch, M., P. A. M. de Smet, J.-P. Hettelingh, and R. J. Downing, editors. 1995. Calculation and mapping of critical thresholds in Europe. Status Report 1995. RIVM Report Number 259101004. Coordination Center for Effects, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 〈 http://www.mnp.nl/cce/publ/ 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePosch, M., P. A. M. de Smet, J.-P. Hettelingh, and R. J. Downing, editors. 2001. Modelling and mapping of critical thresholds in Europe. Status report 2001. RIVM Report Noumber 259101010. Coordination Center for Effects, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 〈 http://www.mnp.nl/cce/publ/ 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePypker, T. G. 2004. Influence of canopy structure and epiphytes on the hydrology of Douglas-fir forests. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRabalais, N. N. 2002. Nitrogen in aquatic systems. Ambio 31: 102 – 112.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRao, L. E., and E. B. Allen. 2010. Combined effects of precipitation and nitrogen deposition on native and invasive winter annual production in California deserts. Oecologia 62: 1035 – 1046.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRao, L. E., E. B. Allen, and T. Meixner. 2010. Risk-based determination of critical nitrogen deposition loads for fire spread in southern California deserts. Ecological Applications 20: 1320 – 1335.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRochefort, L., D. H. Vitt, and S. E. Bayley. 1990. Growth, production, and decomposition dynamics of Sphagnum under natural and experimentally acidified conditions. Ecology 71: 1986 – 2000.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRueth, H. M., and J. S. Baron. 2002. Differences in Englemann spruce forest biogeochemistry east and west of the Continental Divide in Colorado, USA. Ecosystems 5: 45 – 57.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRueth, H. M., J. S. Baron, and E. J. Allstott. 2003. Responses of Engelmann spruce forests to nitrogen fertilization in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Ecological Applications 13: 664 – 673.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaros, J. E., T. J. Michel, S. J. Interlandi, and A. P. Wolfe. 2005. Resource requirements of Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria crotonensis in oligotrophic alpine lakes: implications for recent phytoplankton community reorganizations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 62: 1681 – 1689.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchaberg, P. G., D. H. DeHayes, G. J. Hawley, P. F. Murakami, G. R. Strimbeck, and S. G. McNulty. 2002. Effects of chronic N fertilization on foliar membranes, cold tolerance, and carbon storage in montane red spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1351 – 1359.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSickman, J. O., J. M. Melack, and J. L. Stoddard. 2002. Regional analysis of inorganic nitrogen yield and retention in high-elevation ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains. Biogeochemistry 57: 341 – 374.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSlootweg, J., M. Posch, and J.-P. Hettelingh, editors. 2007. Critical loads of nitrogen and dynamic modelling: CCE Progress Report 2007. MNP Report 500090001. Coordination Centre for Effects, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStevens, C. J., N. B. Dise, J. O. Mountford, and D. J. Gowing. 2004. Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands. Science 303: 1876 – 1879.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStrengbom, J., M. Walheim, T. Näsholm, and L. Ericson. 2003. Regional differences in the occurrence of understory species reflect nitrogen deposition in Swedish forests. Ambio 32: 91 – 97.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuding, K. N., K. L. Gross, and G. R. Houseman. 2004. Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 46 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSullivan, T. J., B. J. Cosby, K. A. Tonnessen, and D. W. Clow. 2005. Surface water acidification responses and critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Loch Vale watershed, Colorado. Water Resources Research 41: W01021.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSutton, M., S. Reis, and S. M. H. Baker, editors. 2009. Atmospheric ammonia. Springer Science, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThomas, R. Q., C. D. Canham, K. C. Weathers, and C. L. Goodale. 2010. Increased tree carbon storage in response to nitrogen deposition in the US. Nature Geoscience 3: 13 – 17.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTilman, D. 1987. Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients. Ecological Monographs 57: 189 – 214.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTonnesen, G., Z. Wang, M. Omary, and C. J. Chien. 2007. Assessment of nitrogen deposition: modeling and habitat assessment. CEC-500-2005-032. California Energy Commission, PIER Energy-Related Environmental Research, University of California, Riverside, California, USA. 〈 http://www.energy.ca.gov/2006publications/CEC-500-2006-032/CEC-500-2006-032.PDF 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUBA [UmweltBundesAmt]. 2004. Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical levels/loads and geographical areas where they are exceeded. Federal Environmental Agency (UmweltBundesAmt), Berlin, Germany. 〈 http://www.rivm.nl/en/themasites/icpmm/manual-and-downloads/manual-english/index.html 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUSDA Forest Service. 2001. U.S. forest facts and historical trends. Report Number FS-696. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUSDA, NRCS [U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service]. 2009. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. 〈 http://plants.usda.gov 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUSDI, FWS [U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service]. 2005. Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States 1998 to 2004. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceU.S. EPA [Environmental Protection Agency]. 1993. Air quality criteria for oxides of nitrogen. Volume 2. Report Number EPA/600/8-91/049aF-cF. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceU.S. EPA [Environmental Protection Agency]. 2007. Acid rain and related programs: 2007 Progress Report. U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., USA. 〈 http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/progress/docs/2007ARPReport.pdf  〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceU.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for oxides of nitrogen and sulfur ecological criteria (final report). Number EPA/600/R-08/082F. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment–RTP Division, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. 〈 http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=201485 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Diepen, L. T. A. 2008. The role and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Acer saccharum dominated forest ecosystems under natural and N-amended conditions. Dissertation. Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Diepen, L. T. A., E. A. Lilleskov, K. S. Pregitzer, and R. M. Miller. 2007. Decline of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in northern hardwood forests exposed to chronic nitrogen additions. New Phytologist 176: 175 – 183.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVitt, D. H., K. Wieder, L. A. Halsey, and M. Turetsky. 2003. Response of Sphagnum fuscum to nitrogen deposition: a case study of ombrogenous peatlands in Alberta, Canada. Bryologist 1062: 235 – 245.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWallander, H. 1995. A new hypothesis to explain allocation of dry matter between mycorrhizal fungi and pine seedlings in relation to nutrient supply. Plant and Soil 169: 243 – 248.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeathers, K. C., M. L. Cadenasso, and S. T. A. Pickett. 2001. Forest edges as nutrient and pollutant concentrators: Potential synergisms between fragmentation, forest canopies, and the atmosphere. Conservation Biology 15: 1506 – 1514.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeathers, K., and J. A. Lynch. 2011. Deposition. Pages 15 – 24 in L. H. Pardo, M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll, editors. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeathers, K. C., S. M. Simkin, G. M. Lovett, and S. E. Lindberg. 2006. Empirical modeling of atmospheric deposition in mountainous landscapes. Ecological Applications 16: 1590 – 1607.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWedin, D. A., and D. Tilman. 1996. Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274: 1720 – 1723.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeiss, S. B. 1999. Cars, cows, and checkerspot butterflies: Nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species. Conservation Biology 13: 1476 – 1486.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWhytemare, A. B., R. L. Edmonds, J. D. Aber, and K. Lajtha. 1997. Influence of excess nitrogen deposition on a white spruce ( Picea glauca ) stand in southern Alaska. Biogeochemistry 38: 173 – 187.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWigand, C., R. A. McKinney, M. A. Charpentier, M. M. Chintala, and G. B. Thursby. 2003. Relationships of nitrogen loadings, residential development, and physical characteristics with plant structure in New England salt marshes. Estuaries 26: 1494 – 1504.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilliams, M. W., and K. A. Tonnessen. 2000. Critical loads for inorganic nitrogen deposition in the Colorado Front Range, USA. Ecological Applications 10: 1648 – 1665.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWolfe, A. P., J. S. Baron, and R. J. Cornett. 2001. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition induces rapid ecological changes in alpine lakes of the Colorado Front Range (USA). Journal of Paleolimnology 25: 1 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWolfe, A. P., A. C. Van Gorp, and J. S. Baron. 2003. Recent ecological and biogeochemical changes in alpine lakes of Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA): a response to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. Geobiology 1: 153 – 168.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWu, W., and C. T. Driscoll. 2010. Impact of climate change on three-dimensional dynamic critical load functions. Environmental Science and Technology 44: 720 – 726.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoshida, L. C., and E. B. Allen. 2004. 15 N uptake by mycorrhizal Artemisia californica and the invasive Bromus madritensis of a N-eutrophied shrubland. Biology and Fertility of Soil 39: 243 – 248.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAber, J. D., C. L. Goodale, S. V. Ollinger, M.-L. Smith, A. H. Magill, M. E. Martin, R. A. Hallet, and J. L. Stoddard. 2003. Is nitrogen deposition altering the nitrogen status of Northeastern forests? BioScience 53 (4): 375 – 389.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAber, J., W. McDowell, K. Nadelhoffer, A. Magill, G. Berntson, M. Kamakea, S. McNulty, W. Currie, L. Rustad, and I. Fernandez. 1998. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems. BioScience 48: 921 – 934.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAber, J. D., K. J. Nadelhoffer, P. Steudler, and J. M. Melillo. 1989. Nitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems. BioScience 39: 378 – 386.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdams, M. B., D. R. DeWalle, W. T. Peterjohn, F. S. Gilliam, W. E. Sharpe, and K. W. J. Williard. 2006. Soil chemical responses to experimental acidification treatments. Pages 41 – 69 in M. B. Adams, D. R. DeWalle, and J. L. Hom, editors. The Fernow Watershed acidification study. Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAldous, A. R. 2002. Nitrogen retention by Sphagnum mosses: responses to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and drought. Canadian Journal of Botany 80: 721 – 731.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllen, E. B., L. E. Rao, R. J. Steers, A. Bytnerowicz, and M. E. Fenn. 2009. Impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on vegetation and soils in Joshua Tree National Park. Pages 78 – 100 in R. H. Webb, L. F. Fenstermaker, J. S. Heaton, D. L. Hughson, E. V. McDonald, and D. M. Miller, editors. The Mojave Desert: ecosystem processes and sustainability. University of Nevada Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllen, E. B., P. J. Temple, A. Bytnerowicz, M. J. Arbaugh, A. G. Sirulnik, and L. E. Rao. 2007. Patterns of understory diversity in mixed coniferous forests of southern California impacted by air pollution. Scientific World Journal 7 (S1): 247 – 263. [doi: 10.1100/tsw.2007.72]en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmaranthus, M. P. 1998. The importance and conservation of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in forest ecosystems: Lessons from Europe and the Pacific Northwest. General Technical Report PNW QTR-431. USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArens, S. J. T., P. F. Sullivan, and J. M. Welker. 2008. Nonlinear responses to nitrogen and strong interactions with nitrogen and phosphorus additions drastically alter the structure and function of a high arctic ecosystem. Journal of Geophysical Research—Biogeosciences 113:G03S09.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaez, S., J. Fargione, D. I. Moore, S. L. Collins, and J. R. Gosz. 2007. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the northern Chihuahuan desert: Temporal trends and potential consequences. Journal of Arid Environments 68: 640 – 651.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaker, J. P., J. Van Sickle, C. J. Gagen, B. P. Baldigo, D. W. Bath, R. F. Carline, D. R. DeWalle, W. A. Kretser, P. S. Murdoch, W. E. Sharpe, H. A. Simonin, and P. J. Wigington. 1996. Episodic acidification of small streams in the northeastern United States: effects on fish populations. Ecological Applications 6: 422 – 437.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaron, J. S. 2006. Hindcasting nitrogen deposition to determine ecological critical load. Ecological Applications 16: 433 – 439.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaron, J. S., C. T. Driscoll, and J. L. Stoddard. 2011. Inland surface waters. Pages 209 – 227 in L. H. Pardo, M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll, editors. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaron, J. S., D. S. Ojima, E. A. Holland, and W. J. Parton. 1994. Analysis of nitrogen saturation potential in Rocky Mountain tundra and forest: implications for aquatic systems. Biogeochemistry 27: 61 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaron, J. S., H. M. Rueth, A. M. Wolfe, K. R. Nydick, E. J. Allstott, J. T. Minear, and B. Moraska. 2000. Ecosystem responses to nitrogen deposition in the Colorado Front Range. Ecosystems 3: 352 – 368.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarret, J. E., and I. C. Burke. 2002. Nitrogen retention in semiarid ecosystems across a soil organic-matter gradient. Ecological Applications 12: 878 – 890.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBelyazid, S., O. Westling, and H. Sverdrup. 2006. Modelling changes in forest soil chemistry at 16 Swedish coniferous forest sites following deposition reduction. Environmental Pollution 144: 596 – 609.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerryman, S., and J. Straker. 2008. Nitrogen loading and terrestrial vegetation–assessment of existing regional monitoring and recommendations. Report prepared for the Cumulative Environmental Management Association NOx-SO2 Management Working Group and Eutrophication Task Group. C. E. Jones and Associates, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerryman, S., L. Geiser, and G. Brenner. 2004. Depositional gradients of atmospheric pollutants in the Athabasca Oil Sands region, Alberta, Canada: an analysis of lichen tissue and lichen communities. Lichen Indicator Pilot Program 2002-2003. Final Report Submitted to the Terrestrial Environmental Effects Monitoring (TEEM) Science Sub-committee of the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA). February 25, 2004. Ft. McMurray, Alberta, Canada.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlett, T., L. Geiser, and E. Porter. 2003. Air pollution-related lichen monitoring in national parks, forests, and refuges. Guidelines of studies intended for regulatory and management purposes. Technical Report NPS D2292. USDI national Park Service Air Resources Division, Denver, Colorado, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBobbink, R., M. Ashmore, S. Braun, W. Flückinger, and I. J. J. van den Wyngaert. 2003. Empirical nitrogen critical loads for natural and semi-natural ecosystems: 2002 update. Pages 43 – 107 in B. Achermann and R. Bobbick, editors. Empirical critical loads for nitrogen. Environmental Documentation Number 164. Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests, and Landscape, Berne, Switzerland.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBobbink, R., D. Boxman, E. Fremstad, G. Heil, A. Houdijk, and J. Roelofs. 1992. Critical loads for nitrogen eutrophication of terrestrial and wetland ecosystems based upon changes in vegetation and fauna. Pages 111 – 159 in Grennfelt and Thörnelöf, editors. Critical loads for nitrogen. Nord 41. Nordic Council of ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBobbink, R., and J. P. Hettelingh, editors. 2011. Review and revision of empirical critical loads and dose-response relationships. RIVM Report 680359002. Coordination Centre for Effects, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 〈 www.rivm.nl/cce 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBobbink, R., et al. 2010. Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis. Ecological Applications 20: 30 – 59.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBobbink, R., M. Hornung, and J. G. M. Roelofs. 1998. The effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi-natural European vegetation. Journal of Ecology 86: 738.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoonpragob, K., Nash T. H. III, and C. A. Fox. 1989. Seasonal deposition patterns of acidic ions and ammonium to the lichen Ramalina menziesii Tayl. in Southern California. Environmental and Experimental Botany 29: 187 – 197.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBowman, W. D., J. R. Larson, K. Holland, M. Wiedermann, and J. Nieves. 2006. Nitrogen critical loads for alpine vegetations and ecosystem response: Are we there yet? Ecological Applications 16: 1183 – 1193.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBreiner, J., B. S. Gimeno, and M. Fenn. 2007. Calculation of theoretical and empirical nutrient N critical loads in the mixed-conifer ecosystems of southern California. Scientific World Journal 7 (S1): 198 – 205.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBurns, D. A., T. Blett, R. Haeuber, and L. H. Pardo. 2008. Critical loads as a policy tool for protecting ecosystems from the effects of air pollutants. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 156 – 159. [doi: 10.1890/070040]en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceByun, D. W., and J. K. S. Ching, editors. 1999. Science algorithms of the EPA models-3 community multiscale air quality model (CMAQ) modeling system. EPA/600/R-99/030. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C., USA. 〈 http://www.epa.gov/asmdnerl/CMAQ/CMAQscienceDoc.html 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceByun, D., and K. L. Schere. 2006. Review of the governing equations, computational algorithms, and other components of the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Applied Mechanics Reviews 59: 51 – 77.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaffrey, J. M., M. C. Murrell, C. Wigand, and R. McKinney. 2007. Effect of nutrient loading on biogeochemical and microbial processes in a New England salt marsh. Biogeochemistry 82: 251 – 264.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCape, J. N., L. J. van der Eerden, L. J. Sheppard, I. D. Leith, and M. A. Sutton. 2009. Pages 15 – 40 in M. Sutton, S. Reis, and S. M. H. Baker, editors. Atmospheric ammonia. Springer Science, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCEC [Commission for Environmental Cooperation]. 1997. Ecological regions of North America. Toward a common perspective. CEC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 〈 http://www.cec.org/files/pdf/BIODIVERSITY/eco-engEN.pdf 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClark, C. M., S. Hobbie, R. Venterea, and D. Tilman. 2009. Long-lasting effects on N cycling 12 years after treatments cease despite minimal N retention. Global Change Biology 15: 1755 – 1766.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClark, C. M., and D. Tilman. 2008. Loss of plant species after chronic low-level nitrogen deposition to prairie grasslands. Nature 451: 712 – 715.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClark, J. E., E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie. 2005. Population dynamics of harvest mice ( Reithrodontomys fulvescens and R. montanus ) across a nitrogen-amended old field. American Midland Naturalist 154: 240 – 252.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClark, J. E., E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, S. J. Tunnell, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie. 2003. Population dynamics of hispid cotton rats ( Sigmodon hispidus ) across a nitrogen-amended landscape. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81: 994 – 1003.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCornelissen, J. H. C., S. I. Lang, N. A. Soudzilovskaia, and H. J. During. 2007. Comparative cryptogam ecology: a review of bryophyte and lichen traits that drive biogeochemistry. Annals of Botany 99: 987 – 1001.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Vries, W., et al. 2007. Developments in modelling critical nitrogen loads for terrestrial ecosystems in Europe. Report 1382. Alterra Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Vries, W., et al. 2010. Use of dynamic soil–vegetation models to assess impacts of nitrogen deposition on plant species composition: an overview. Ecological Applications 20: 60 – 79.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDighton, J., A. R. Tuininga, D. M. Gray, R. E. Huskins, and T. Belton. 2004. Impacts of atmospheric deposition on New Jersey pine barren forest soils and communities of ectomycorrhizae. Forest Ecology and Management 201: 131 – 144.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDriscoll, C. T., G. B. Lawrence, A. J. Bulger, T. J. Butler, C. S. Cronan, C. Eagar, K. F. Lambert, G. E. Likens, J. L. Stoddard, and K. C. Weathers. 2001. Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: Sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies. BioScience 51: 180 – 198.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDriscoll, C. T., D. Whitall, J. Aber, E. Boyer, M. Castro, C. Cronan, C. L. Goodale, P. Groffman, C. Hopkinson, K. Lambert, G. Lawrence, and S. Ollinger. 2003. Nitrogen pollution in the northeastern United States: sources, effects, and management options. BioScience 53: 357 – 374.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDupont, J., T. A. Clair, C. Gagnon, D. S. Jeffries, J. S. Kahl, S. Nelson, and J. Peckenham. 2005. Estimation of critical loads of acidity for lakes in northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 109: 275 – 292.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEgerton-Warburton, L. M., and E. B. Allen. 2000. Shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities along an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient. Ecological Applications 10: 484 – 496.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEgerton-Warburton, L. M., R. C. Graham, E. B. Allen, and M. F. Allen. 2001. Reconstruction of the historical changes in mycorrhizal fungal communities under anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268: 2479 – 2484.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceElser, J. J., T. Anderson, J. S. Baron, A.-K. Bergström, M. Kyle, K. R. Nydick, L. Steger, and D. O. Hessen. 2009. Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Science 326: 835 – 837.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEnvironment Canada. 2008. Canada-United States air quality agreement progress report. Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. 〈 http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/D8E5913D-0A85-4BE4-AD67-B627D0C0FE87/CanadaUnitedStatesAirQualityAgreementProgressReport2008.pdf 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEpstein, H. E., I. C. Burke, and A. R. Mosier. 2001. Plant effects on nitrogen retention in shortgrass steppe 2 years after 15 N addition. Oecologia 128: 422 – 430.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFalkengren-Grerup, U. 1995. Interspecies differences in the preference of ammonium and nitrate in vascular plants. Oecologia 102: 305 – 311.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., E. B. Allen, and L. H. Geiser. 2011. Mediterranean California. Pages 143 – 169 in L. H. Pardo, M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll, editors. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., E. B. Allen, S. B. Weiss, S. Jovan, L. Geiser, G. S. Tonnesen, R. F. Johnson, L. E. Rao, B. S. Gimeno, F. Yuan, T. Meixner, and A. Bytnerowicz. 2010. Nitrogen critical loads and management alternatives for N-impacted ecosystems in California. Journal of Environmental Management 91: 2404 – 2423.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., J. S. Baron, E. B. Allen, H. M. Rueth, K. R. Nydick, L. Geiser, W. D. Bowman, J. O. Sickman, T. Meixner, D. W. Johnson, and P. Neitlich. 2003 a. Ecological effects of nitrogen deposition in the western United States. BioScience 53: 404 – 420.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., L. I. de Bauer, A. Quevedo-Nolasco, and C. Rodriguez-Frausto. 1999. Nitrogen and sulfur deposition and forest nutrient status in the Valley of Mexico. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 113: 155 – 174.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., L. I. de Bauer, K. Zeller, A. Quevedo, C. Rodríguez, and T. Hernández-Tejeda. 2002. Nitrogen and sulfur deposition in the Mexico City Air Basin: Impacts on forest nutrient status and nitrate levels in drainage waters. Pages 298 – 319 in M. E. Fenn, L. I. de Bauer, and T. Hernández-Tejeda, editors. Urban air pollution and forests: resources at risk in the Mexico City air basin. Ecological Studies Series, Volume 156. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., and L. H. Geiser. 2011. Temperate sierra. Pages 175 – 180 in L. H. Pardo, M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll, editors. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., R. Haueber, G. S. Tonnensen, J. S. Baron, S. Grossman-Clarke, D. Hope, D. A. Jaffe, S. Copeland, L. Geiser, H. M. Rueth, and J. O. Sickman. 2003 b. Nitrogen emission, deposition, and monitoring in the Western United States. BioScience 53: 391 – 403.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., S. Jovan, F. Yuan, L. Geiser, T. Meixner, and B. S. Gimeno. 2008. Empirical and simulated critical loads for nitrogen deposition in California mixed conifer forests. Environmental Pollution 155: 492 – 511.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., and M. A. Poth. 1999. Temporal and spatial trends in streamwater nitrate concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California. Journal of Environmental Quality 28: 822 – 836.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., M. A. Poth, A. Bytnerowicz, J. O. Sickman, and B. K. Takemoto. 2003 c. Effects of ozone, nitrogen deposition, and other stressors on montane ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada. Pages 111 – 155 in A. Bytnerowicz, M. J. Arbaugh, and R. Alonso, editors. Developments in environmental science. Volume 2. Ozone air pollution in the Sierra Nevada: distribution and effects on forests. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFenn, M. E., J. O. Sickman, A. Bytnerowicz, D. W. Clow, N. P. Molotch, J. E. Pleim, G. S. Tonnesen, K. C. Weathers, P. E. Padgett, and D. H. Campbell. 2009. Methods for measuring atmospheric nitrogen deposition inputs in arid and montane ecosystems of western North America. Pages 179 – 228 in A. H. Legge, editor. Developments in environmental science. Volume 9. Air quality and ecological impacts: relating sources to effects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalloway, J. N. 1998. The global nitrogen cycle: changes and consequences. Environmental Pollution 102: 15 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalloway, J. N., J. D. Aber, J. W. Erisman, S. P. Seitzinger, R. W. Howarth, E. B. Cowling, and B. J. Cosby. 2003. The nitrogen cascade. BioScience 53: 341 – 356.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalloway, J. N., et al. 2004. Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry 70: 153 – 226.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeiser, L. H., A. R. Ingersoll, A. Bytnerowicz, and S. A. Copeland. 2008. Evidence of enhanced atmospheric ammoniacal nitrogen in Hells Canyon NRA: Implications for natural and cultural resources. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 58: 1223 – 1234.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeiser, L. H., S. E. Jovan, D. A. Glavich, and M. Porter. 2010. Lichen-based critical loads for nitrogen deposition in western Oregon and Washington Forests, USA. Environmental Pollution 158: 2412 – 2421.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeiser, L. H., and P. N. Neitlich. 2007. Air pollution and climate gradients in western Oregon and Washington indicated by epiphytic macrolichens. Environmental Pollution 145: 203 – 218.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilliam, F. S. 2006. Response of the herbaceous layer of forest ecosystems to excess nitrogen deposition. Journal of Ecology 94: 1176 – 1191.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilliam, F. S. 2007. The ecological significance of the herbaceous layer in forest ecosystems. BioScience 57: 845 – 858.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilliam, F. S., M. B. Adams, and B. M. Yurish. 1996. Ecosystem nutrient responses to chronic nitrogen inputs at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 196 – 205.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilliam, F. S., A. W. Hockenberry, and M. B. Adams. 2006. Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the herbaceous layer of a central Appalachian hardwood forest. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 133: 240 – 254.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGlavich, D. A., and L. H. Geiser. 2008. Potential approaches to developing lichen-based critical loads and levels for nitrogen, sulfur and metal-containing atmospheric pollutants in North America. Bryologist 111: 638 – 649.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGotelli, N. J., and A. M. Ellison. 2002. Nitrogen deposition and extinction risk in the northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea. Ecology 83: 2758 – 2765.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGotelli, N. J., and A. M. Ellison. 2006. Forecasting extinction risk with nonstationary matrix models. Ecological Applications 16: 51 – 61.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGreaver, T., L. Liu, and R. Bobbink. 2011. Wetlands. Pages 193 – 208 in L. H. Pardo, M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. Driscoll, editors. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. General Technical Report NRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrulke, N. E., C. P. Andersen, M. E. Fenn, and P. R. Miller. 1998. Ozone exposure and nitrogen deposition lowers root biomass of ponderosa pine in the San Bernardino Mountains, California. Environmental Pollution 103: 63 – 73.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrulke, N. E., and L. Balduman. 1999. Deciduous conifers: high N deposition and O 3 exposure effects on growth and biomass allocation in ponderosa pine. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 116: 235 – 248.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTilman, D. 1993. Species richness of experimental productivity gradients: How important is colonization limitation. Ecology 74: 2179 – 2191.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrulke, N. E., R. A. Minnich, T. D. Paine, S. J. Seybold, D. J. Chavez, M. E. Fenn, P. J. Riggan, and A. Dunn. 2009. Air pollution increases forest susceptibility to wildfires: a case study in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California. Pages 365 – 403 in A. Bytnerowicz, M. J. Arbaugh, A. R. Riebau, and C. Andersen, editors. Wildland fires and air pollution. Developments in Environmental Science, Volume 8. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHettelingh, J.-P., M. Posch, and J. Slootweg, editors. 2008. Critical load, dynamic modelling and impact assessment in Europe. CCE Status Report 2008. Coordination Centre for Effects, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 〈 http://www.rivm.nl/thema/en/themasites/cce/index.html 〉en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHurd, T. M., A. R. Brach, and D. J. Raynal. 1998. Response of understory vegetation of Adirondack forests to nitrogen additions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28: 799 – 807.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHyvärinen, M., B. Walter, and R. Koopmann. 2003. Impact of fertilisation on phenol content and growth rate of Cladina stellaris: a test of the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis. Oecologia 134: 176 – 181.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceInouye, R. S. 2006. Effects of shrub removal and nitrogen addition on soil moisture in sagebrush steppe. Journal of Arid Environments 65: 604 – 618.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJones, M. E., T. D. Paine, M. E. Fenn, and M. A. Poth. 2004. Influence of ozone and nitrogen deposition on bark beetle activity under drought conditions. Forest Ecology and Management 200: 67 – 76.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJorgensen, E. E., et al. 2005. Ecosystem stress from chronic exposure to low levels of nitrate. EPA/600/R-05/087. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJovan, S. 2008. Lichen bioindication of biodiversity, air quality, and climate: baseline results from monitoring in Washington, Oregon, and California. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-737. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJovan, S., and B. McCune. 2005. Air quality bioindication in the greater Central Valley of California with epiphytic macrolichen communities. Ecological Applications 15: 1712 – 1726.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKelly, V. R., G. M. Lovett, K. C. Weathers, and G. E. Likens. 2005. Trends in atmospheric ammonium concentrations in relation to atmospheric sulfate and local agriculture. Environmental Pollution 135: 363 – 369.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKleijn, D., R. M. Bekker, R. Bobbink, M. C. C. de Graaf, and J. G. M. Roelofs. 2008. In search for key biogeochemical factors affecting plant species persistence in heathlands and acidic grasslands: a comparison of common and rare species. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 680 – 687.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKnops, J. M. H., Nash T. H. III, V. L. Boucher, and W. L. Schlesinger. 1991. Mineral cycling and epiphytic lichens: implications at the ecosystem level. Lichenologist 23: 309 – 321.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrupa, S. V. 2003. Effects of atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) on terrestrial vegetation: a review. Environmental Pollution 124: 179 – 221.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKytöviita, M.-M., and P. D. Crittenden. 2007. Growth and nitrogen relations in the mat-forming lichens Stereocaulon paschale and Cladonia stellaris. Annals of Botany 100: 1537 – 1545.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLafrancois, B. M., K. R. Nydick, B. M. Johnson, and J. S. Baron. 2004. Cumulative effects of nutrients and pH on the plankton of two mountain lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 61: 1153 – 1165.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLatimer, J. S., and S. A. Rego. 2010. Empirical relationship between eelgrass extent and predicted watershed-derived nitrogen loading for shallow New England estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 90: 231 – 240.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeBauer, D. S., and K. K. Treseder. 2008. Nitrogen limitation of net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is globally distributed. Ecology 89: 371 – 379.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLehmann, C. M. B., V. C. Bowersox, and S. M. Larson. 2005. Spatial and temporal trends of precipitation chemistry in the United States, 1985–2002. Environmental Pollution 135: 347 – 361.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLilleskov, E. A. 1999. Decline of above- and belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity over an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient near Kenai, Alaska. Dissertation. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLilleskov, E. A. 2005. How do composition, structure, and function of mycorrhizal fungal communities respond to nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure? Pages 769 – 801 in J. Dighton, J. F. White, P. Oudemans, editors. The fungal community: its organization and role in the rcosystem. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLilleskov, E. A., T. J. Fahey, T. R. Horton, and G. M. Lovett. 2002. Belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal community change over a nitrogen deposition gradient in Alaska. Ecology 83: 104 – 115.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLilleskov, E. A., T. J. Fahey, and G. M. Lovett. 2001. Ectomycorrhizal fungal aboveground community change over an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient. Ecological Applications 11: 397 – 410.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLilleskov, E. A., P. M. Wargo, K. A. Vogt, and D. J. Vogt. 2008. Mycorrhizal fungal community relationship to root nitrogen concentration over a regional atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient in the northeastern US. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 1260 – 1266.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiu, L., and T. L. Greaver 2009. A review of nitrogen enrichment effects on three biogenic GHGs: The CO 2 sink may be largely offset by stimulated N 2 O and CH 4 emission. Ecology Letters 12: 1103 – 1117.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLovett, G. M., T. Tear, D. Evers, S. E. G. Findlay, B. J. Cosby, J. Dunscomb, C. Driscoll, and K. C. Weathers. 2009. Effects of air pollution on ecosystems and biological diversity in the eastern United States. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1162: 99 – 135.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMakkonen, S., R. S. K. Hurri, and M. Hyvarinen. 2007. Differential responses of lichen symbionts to enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus availability: an experiment with Cladina stellaris. Annals of Botany 99: 877 – 884.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCune, B. M., and L. H. Geiser. 2009. Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. Second edition. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCune, B., J. Grenon, L. S. Mutch, and E. P. Martin. 2007. Lichens in relation to management issues in the Sierra Nevada national parks. Pacific Northwest Fungi 2: 1 – 39.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcKane, R. B., L. C. Johnson, G. R. Shaver, K. J. Nadelhoffer, E. B. Rastetter, B. Fry, A. E. Giblin, K. Kielland, B. L. Kwiatkowski, J. A. Laundre, and G. Murray. 2002. Resource-based niches provide a basis for plant species diversity and dominance in arctic tundra. Nature 415: 68 – 71.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcNulty, S. G., and J. L. Boggs. 2010. A conceptual framework: redefining forest soil's critical acid loads under a changing climate. Environmental Pollution 158: 2053 – 2058.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcNulty, S. G., J. Boggs, J. D. Aber, L. Rustad, and A. Magill. 2005. Red spruce ecosystem level changes following 14 years of chronic N fertilization. Forest Ecology and Management 219: 279 – 291.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcNulty, S. G., E. C. Cohen, J. A. M. Myers, T. J. Sullivan, and H. Li. 2007. Estimates of critical acid loads and exceedances for forest soils across the conterminous United States. Environmental Pollution 149: 281 – 292.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeixner, T., and M. Fenn. 2004. Biogeochemical budgets in a Mediterranean catchment with high rates of atmospheric N deposition: importance of scale and temporal asynchrony. Biogeochemistry 70: 331 – 356.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
eap20112183049.pdf
Size:
6.240MB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.