Physical Activity and Health Status of Members of a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Clubhouse Who Have Serious Mental Illness

Abstract

Statement of problem: People with serious mental illness are likely to die at significantly younger rates than the general population, and cardiovascular disease contributes the most to this disparity. Psychosocial rehabilitation clubhouses are unique settings with great potential for promoting health through programs that address risk factors like physical inactivity. The aim of our research was to explore past, present, and future physical activity experiences and interests of clubhouse members, and to assess their current general health status and physical activity levels. Theoretical/conceptual framework: Clubhouse Model and Social Exchange Theory. Methodology: This descriptive study utilized qualitative and quantative methods. Data was obtained from two focus group sessions held at the clubhouse to elicit members' ideas about physical activity, and subsequent one-on-one meetings between a focus group participant and researcher to complete a demographic sheet and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Subjects: Six males (39-58 yrs.) and six females (25-51 yrs.) participated in the study. All participants were receiving treatment at the community mental health agency and had a diagnosis of severe and persistent mental illness. Results: Many participants described physical activities in relation to their chosen clubhouse responsibilities. No one described physical activity in terms of structured or aerobic exercise. Barriers included limited space, prohibitive cost and lack of transportation to local recreation center and physical limitations. The need for a motivational leader was identified. Only four participants did not have high blood pressure, diabetes, or hear, kidney, or respiratory disease. Five participants (42%) had diabetes. Half of the females and a third of the males were obese. Few participants (n=3) regularly engages in even moderate levels of physical activity. Implication: Our study may be one of the first to explore how persons with serious mental illness perceive physical activity. Future research could examine the effects of a physical activity program on physical and mental health indicators and quality of life. A structured physical activity program may well become a catalyst for change.