Tribal Planning in the Face of Environmental Injustice

Abstract

Energy resources like coal, oil, and uranium are found on many Native American reservations across North America. Historically, tribal communities have had little to no control over their extraction or production but have suffered from associated economic decline, environmental degradation, health problems, and loss of cultural heritage. This article explores the various impacts as well as some creative solutions that tribes are using to regain autonomy over their land and the resources available to them. Tribal planning is a growing field that should take into account the cultural impacts of different kinds of development on tribal communities. City market test the applicability of Granapati’s analysis to different markets. Finally, common threads supporting successful cooperative housing markets are highlighted.