Factors Influencing Dental Implant Survival & Success: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: With the increasing number of implants affected by peri-implant diseases, disease prevention by identifying and managing risk factors are crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the odds ratios (ORs) of various risks related to implant success. Materials and Methods: Subjects with at least one implant placed and with periapical or bitewing radiographs taken at the time of prosthesis placement and at least one year follow-up after implant restoration were included. Data at patient and implant level, including surgical related factors, restorative related factors, and peri-implant parameters were recorded. The associations and ORs between implant success and the recorded variables were analyzed. Results: A total of 550 implants (mean 6.25 year follow-up) from 200 subjects were included. Treatment success was found in 75.5% of the subjects and 71.82% of the implants. Implant success is associated with the following variables: non-smokers (OR= 3.68), non-diabetes (OR= 5.85), healthy periodontium (OR= 7.13), and single implant placement (OR= 3.58). At implant level, implant success is associated with provider experiences (OR= 4.40). Furthermore, implant-supported single crowns were found with higher success rate compared to bridge restoration (OR= 3.62); implant-supported restorations without cantilever design had higher success rate (OR= 6.94). Probing depth (OR= 3.51) was also found to be negatively associated with implant success. Conclusion: Prevalence of peri-implant diseases (peri-implant mucositits and peri-implantitis) is high, affecting 69.5% of the patients and 77.6% of the implants. Factors such as smoking, diabetes, history of periodontal disease, number of implants placed, provider level, restoration type and cantilever design have significant impact on implant success. Probing depth is a good indicator to determine peri-implant health but not bleeding on probing.