Dynamics and nonlinear attitude control of multibody space systems.

Abstract

In this dissertation, we study dynamics and attitude control problems for a multibody system in space. The key feature of this work is the systematic use of shape changes as three dimensional attitude controls. Control models are identified for a general class of multibody space systems that are controlled by thrusters, reaction wheels, and/or joint actuators. The important role of shape change in attitude maneuvers for a multibody space system is identified and shape change is recognized as a means of attitude control. Formulas that quantify three dimensional attitude changes induced by periodic shape changes, rotation of reaction wheels and nonzero angular momentum are developed. The formulas prove fundamental for development of numerous attitude control algorithms. Explicit construction procedures are developed for shape changes that accomplish a desired three dimensional reconfiguration of a free-floating multibody space system with zero angular momentum with prescribed accuracy. The control computation involves evaluation of certain Lie brackets and solution of a simple system of algebraic equations. Explicit construction procedures are developed for shape changes that accomplish a desired three dimensional reorientation of a free-floating multibody space system with constant nonzero angular momentum with prescribed accuracy. Control algorithms are provided for reorientation of a multibody space system to one of its relative equilibria. Explicit control algorithms are developed for reaction wheel and shape changes that accomplish a desired three dimensional reorientation for a spacecraft system containing a single reaction wheel and a single movable appendage. Characterization of shape changes that enhance effectiveness of reaction wheels and joint actuators is given, and control algorithms are provided for effective simultaneous attitude changes and shape changes. Feedback attitude control laws are developed for three dimensional attitude maneuvers of a multibody space system.