View Item 

Show simple item record

Summary and recommendations of a National Cancer Institute workshop on issues limiting the clinical use of Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms for megavoltage external beam radiation therapy
dc.contributor.authorFraass, Benedick A.
dc.contributor.authorSmathers, James
dc.contributor.authorDeye, James
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-06T20:49:38Z
dc.date.available2017-01-06T20:49:38Z
dc.date.issued2003-12
dc.identifier.citationFraass, Benedick A.; Smathers, James; Deye, James (2003). "Summary and recommendations of a National Cancer Institute workshop on issues limiting the clinical use of Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms for megavoltage external beam radiation therapy." Medical Physics 30(12): 3206-3216.
dc.identifier.issn0094-2405
dc.identifier.issn2473-4209
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/135029
dc.publisherAmerican Association of Physicists in Medicine
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.subject.otherRadiation therapy
dc.subject.otherMonte Carlo algorithms
dc.subject.otherNuclear data analysis
dc.subject.otherMedical treatment planning
dc.subject.otherCancer
dc.subject.otherComputational methods
dc.subject.otherPhysicists
dc.subject.otherverification
dc.subject.otherrecommendations
dc.subject.otherMonte Carlo
dc.subject.otherMonte Carlo methods
dc.subject.otherRadiation monitoring, control, and safety
dc.subject.othercancer
dc.subject.otherMonte Carlo methods
dc.subject.otherdosimetry
dc.subject.otherradiation therapy
dc.subject.otherMonte Carlo methods
dc.subject.otherDosimetry
dc.subject.otherclinical use
dc.titleSummary and recommendations of a National Cancer Institute workshop on issues limiting the clinical use of Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms for megavoltage external beam radiation therapy
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelMedicine (General)
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.contributor.affiliationumDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
dc.contributor.affiliationotherDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
dc.contributor.affiliationotherRadiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135029/1/mp6990.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1118/1.1626990
dc.identifier.sourceMedical Physics
dc.identifier.citedreferenceL. J. Shukovsky, “ Dose, time, volume relationships in squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx,” Am. J. Roentgenol. AJRRAV --> 108, 27 – 29 ( 1970 ). AJRRAV --> 0002‐9580
dc.identifier.citedreferenceP. McGinley and K. E. Huffman, “ Photon and neutron dose equivalent in the maze of a high‐energy medical accelerator facility,” Radiat. Prot. Manage. RPMAEI --> 17, 43 – 46 ( 2000 ). RPMAEI --> 0740‐0640
dc.identifier.citedreferenceICRU: Report No. 44, “Tissue Substitutes in Radiation Dosimetry and Measurement,” Washington, D.C., International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 1989.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceW. Schneider, T. Bortfeld, and W. Schlegel, “ Correlation between CT number and tissue parameters needed for Monte Carlo simulations of clinical dose distributions,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 45, 459 – 478 ( 2000 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC. M. Ma, B. A. Faddegon, D. W. O. Rogers, and T. R. Mackie, “ Accurate characterization of Monte Carlo calculated electron beams for radiotherapy,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 24, 401 – 416 ( 1997 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceB. Faddegon, J. Balogh, R. Mackenzie, and D. Scora, “Clinical considerations of Monte Carlo for electron radiotherapy treatment planning,” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53, 217–227 (1998).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceI. Chetty, J. J. DeMarco, and T. D. Solberg, “ A virtual source model for Monte Carlo modeling of arbitrary intensity distributions,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 27, 166 – 172 ( 2000 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. Deng, S. B. Jiang, J. S. Li, T. Pawlicki, and C. M. Ma, “ Photon beam characterization and modeling for Monte Carlo treatment planning,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 45, 411 – 427 ( 2000 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. K. Fix, M. Stampanoni, P. Manser, R. J. Born, R. Mini, and P. Ruegsegger, “ A multiple source model for 6 MV photon beam dose calculations,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 46, 1407 – 1428 ( 2001 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceS. B. Jiang, J. Deng, J. S. Li, P. Pawlicki, A. L. Boyer, and C. M. Ma, “Modeling and Commissioning of Clinical Photon Beams for Monte Carlo Treatment Planning,” in Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on the Use of Computer in Radiation Therapy (ICCR), edited by W. Schlegel and T. Bortfeld (Springer‐Verlag, Heidelberg, 2000), pp. 434–436.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceS. B. Jiang, A. L. Boyer, and C. M. Ma, “ Modeling the extrafocal radiation and monitor chamber backscatter for photon beam dose calculation,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 28, 55 – 66 ( 2001 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. Deng, S. B. Jiang, P. Pawlicki, J. S. Li, and C. M. Ma, “Electron beam commissioning for Monte Carlo dose calculation,” in Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on the Use of Computer in Radiation Therapy (ICCR), edited by W. Schlegel and T. Bortfeld (Springer‐Verlag, Heidelberg, 2000), pp. 431–433.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. J. Fischer and J. E. Moulder, “ The steepness of the dose‐response curve in radiation therapy,” Radiology RADLAX --> 117, 179 – 184 ( 1975 ). RADLAX --> 0033‐8419
dc.identifier.citedreferenceICRU: Report No. 24, “Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient Irradiated by Beams of X or Gamma Rays in Radiotherapy Procedures,” Washington, D.C., International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 1976.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceR. Loevinger and T. P. Loftus, “Uncertainty in the delivery of absorbed dose,” in Ionizing Radiation Metrology, International Course, edited by E. Casnati (Varenna, Italy, 1974), pp. 459–473 (Bologna, Editrice Compositore, 1977).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. Langer and P. Kijewski, “ Computer controlled radiation therapy for non‐small cell lung cancer: Sensitivity of tumor dose gains to pulmonary dose‐volume restrictions,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. IOBPD3 --> 22, 325 – 332 ( 1992 ). IOBPD3 --> 0360‐3016
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. Langer, P. Kijewski, R. Brown, and C. Ha, “ The effect on minimum tumor dose of restricting target dose inhomogeneity in optimized 3‐dimensional treatment of lung cancer,” Radiother. Oncol. RAONDT --> 21, 245 – 256 ( 1991 ). RAONDT --> 0167‐8140
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC. M. Ma, E. Mok, A. Kapur, T. Pawlicki, D. Findley, S. Brain, K. Forster, and A. L. Boyer, “ Clinical implementation of a Monte Carlo treatment planning system,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 26, 2133 – 2143 ( 1999 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceP. J. Keall, J. V. Siebers, M. Arnfield, J. O. Kim, and R. Mohan, “ 2001 Monte Carlo dose calculations for dynamic IMRT treatments,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 46, 929 – 934 ( 2001 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. V. Siebers, P. J. Keall, J. O. Kim, and R. Mohan, “ A method for photon beam Monte Carlo multileaf collimator particle transport,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 47 ( 17 ), 3225 – 3249 ( 2002 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceT. D. Solberg, J. J. DeMarco, J. B. Smathers, F. E. Holly, A. A. F. DeSalles, “ Monte Carlo Treatment Planning for Stereotactic Radiosurger,” Radiother. Oncol. RAONDT --> 49, 73 – 84 ( 1998 ). RAONDT --> 0167‐8140
dc.identifier.citedreferenceG. Ding, “ Dose discrepencies between Monte Carlo calculations and measurements in the buildup region for a high energy photon beam,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 29, 2459 – 2463 ( 2002 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceB. Fraass, K. Doppke, M. Hunt, G. Kutcher, G. Starkschall, R. Stern, and J. Van Dyke, “ American Association of Physicists in Medicine Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 53: Quality assurance for clinical radiotherapy treatment planning,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 25, 1773 – 1829 ( 1998 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceR. Rice, B. Mijnheer, and L. Chin, “ Benchmark measurements for lung dose corrections for x‐ray beams,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. IOBPD3 --> 15, 399 – 409 ( 1988 ). IOBPD3 --> 0360‐3016
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMCNPX User’s Manual, Version 2.4.0, LA‐CP‐02‐408 (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 2003).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceI. J. Chetty, J. M. Moran, T. Nurushev, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, S. J. Wilderman, and A. F. Bielajew, “ Experimental validation of the dose planning method (DPM) Monte Carlo code using minimally scattered electron beams in heterogeneous media,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 47, 1837 – 1851 ( 2002 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceI. J. Chetty, P. M. Charland, N. Tyagi, D. L. McShan, A. F. Bielajew, and B. A. Fraass, “ Photon beam relative dose validation of the DPM Monte Carlo code in lung‐equivalent media,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 30, 563 – 573 ( 2003 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. Fippel, I. Kawrakow, and K. Friedrich, “ Electron beam dose calculations with the VMC algorithm and the verification data of the NCI working group,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 42, 501 – 520 ( 1997 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. S. Li, T. Pawlicki, J. Deng, S. B. Jiang, E. Mok, and C. M. Ma, “ Validation of a Monte Carlo dose calculation tool radiotherapy treatment planning,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 45, 2969 – 2985 ( 2000 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. J. DeMarco, T. D. Solberg, J. B. Smathers, “ A CT‐based Monte Carlo simulation tool for dosimetry planning and analysis,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 25, 1 – 11 ( 1998 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. V. Siebers, P. J. Keall, J. O. Kim, R. Mohan, “Performance benchmarks of the MCV Monte Carlo system,” in Proceedings of the XIIIth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy, edited by W. Schlegel and T. Bortfeld (Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 2000), pp. 129–131.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. R. Arnfield, C. L. Hartmann‐Siantar, J. Siebers, P. Garmon, L. Cox, and R. Mohan, “ The impact of electron transport on the accuracy of computed dose,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 27, 1266 – 1274 ( 2000 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceL. Wang, M. Lovelock, and C. S. Chui, “ Experimental verification of a CT‐based Monte Carlo dose‐calculation method in heterogeneous phantoms,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 26, 2626 – 2634 ( 1999 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC. M. Ma, P. Reckwerdt, M. Holmes, D. W. O. Rogers, and B. Geiser, DOSXYZ Users Manual. NRC Report PIRS 509b, 1998.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. K. Fix, H. Keller, E. J. Born, and P. Ruegsegger, “ Simple beam models for Monte Carlo photon beam dose calculations in radiotherapy,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 27, 2739 – 2747 ( 2000 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. M. Michalski et al., “ Preliminary report of toxicity following: 3D radiation therapy for prostate cancer on 3DOG/RTOG 9406,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. IOBPD3 --> 46, 391 – 402 ( 2000 ). IOBPD3 --> 0360‐3016
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. A. Purdy, W. B. Harm, J. M. Michalski, and W. R. Bosch, “ Initial experience with quality assurance of multi‐Institutional 3D radiotherapy clinical trials,” Strahlenther. Onkol. STONE4 --> 174, 40 – 42 ( 1998 ). STONE4 --> 0179‐7158
dc.identifier.citedreferenceR. Mohan, C. Chui, and L. Lidofsky, “ Energy and angular distributions of photons from medical linear accelerators,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 12, 592 – 597 ( 1985 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD. W. O. Rogers and A. F. Bielajew, “Monte Carlo Techniques of electron and photon transport of radiation dosimetry,” Chapter 4 in The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation, Vol. III, edited by K. R. Kase, B. E. Bjarngard, and F. H. Attiz (Academic, 1985).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceP. Andreo, “ Monte Carlo techniques in medical radiation physics,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 26, 861 – 920 ( 1991 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceP. L. Petti, M. S. Goodman, T. A. Gabriel, and R. Mohan, “ Investigation of buildup dose from electron contamination of clinical photon beams,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 10, 18 – 25 ( 1983 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceW. R. Nelson, H. Hirayama, and D. W. O. Rogers, The EGS4 code system—Report SLAC‐265, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, 1985.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceI. Kawrakow, “ Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. I. EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 27, 485 – 498 ( 2000 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer, ETRAN, Monte Carlo code system for electron and photon transport through extended media. RISC computer code package CCC‐107, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 1973.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceA. Fasso, A. Ferrari, and P. R. Sala, Electron‐photon transport in FLUKA: Status. in Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, edited by A. Kling, F. J. C. Barao, M. Nakagawa, L. Tavora, and P. Vaz (Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, 2000), pp. 159–164.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. Goosens, S. Giani, and S. Ravndal, GEANT: detector description and simulation tool. Technical Report CERN Program Library, long writeup W5013 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. A. Halblieb and T. A. Mehlhorn, ITS: The Integrated TIGER Series of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport codes, Sandia National Laboratory report, SAND 84‐0573, 1984.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMCNP—A general Monte Carlo N‐Particle transport code, edited by J. F. Briesmeister Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA‐12625‐M, 1993.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceF. Salvat, J. M. Fernández‐Varea, J. Baró, and J. Sempau, “PENELOPE, an algorithm and computer code for Monte Carlo simulation of electron‐photon showers,” in Ciemat (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Report No. 799, 1992.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC. M. Ma, J. S. Li, T. Pawlicki, S. B. Jiang, and J. Deng, “MCDOSE—a Monte Carlo dose calculation tool for radiation therapy treatment planning,” in Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on the Use of Computer in Radiation Therapy (ICCR), edited by W. Schlegel and T. Bortfeld (Springer‐Verlag, Heidelberg), pp. 123–125.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceL. Wang, C. S. Chui, and M. Lovelock, “ A patient‐specific Monte Carlo dose‐calculation method for photon beams,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 25, 867 – 878 ( 1998 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. Sempau, S. J. Wilderman, and A. F. Bielajew, “ DPM, a fast, accurate Monte Carlo code optimized for photon and electron radiotherapy treatment planning dose calculations,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 45, 2263 – 2291 ( 2000 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceA. E. Schach von Wittetnau, L. J. Cox, P. M. Bergstrom, W. P. Chandler, C. L. Hartmann‐Siantar, and R. Mohan, “ Correlated histogram representation of Monte Carlo derived medical accelerator photon‐output phase space,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 26, 1196 – 1211 ( 1999 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC. L. Hartmann Siantar, R. S. Walling, T. P. Daly, B. Faddegon, N. Albright, Paul Bergstrom, A. F. Bielajew, C. Chuang, D. Garrett, R. K. House, D. Knapp, D. J. Wieczorek, and L. J. Verhey, “ Description and dosimetric verification of the PEREGRINE Monte Carlo dose calculation system for photon beams incident on a water phantom,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 28, 1322 – 1337 ( 2001 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreference“VMC++, electron and photon Monte Carlo calculations optimized for Radiation Treatment Planning” in Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications: Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Meeting, Lisbon, edited by A. Kling, F. Barao, M. Nakagawa, L. Tavora, and P. Vaz (Springer, Berlin, 2001), pp. 229–236.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. Fippel, “ Fast Monte Carlo dose calculation for photon beams based on the VMC electron algorithm,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 26, 1466 – 1475 ( 1999 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceH. Neuenschwander, T. R. Mackie, and P. J. Reckwerdt, “ MMC—a high‐performance Monte Carlo code for electron beam treatment planning,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 40, 543 – 574 ( 1995 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceP. J. Keall and P. W. Hoban, “ Super‐Monte Carlo: A 3D electron beam dose calculation algorithm,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 23, 2023 – 2034 ( 1996 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD. W. O. Roger, B. A. Faddegon, G. X. Ding, C. M. Ma, J. Wei, and T. R. Mackie, “ BEAM: A Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 22, 503 – 524 ( 1995 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. V. Siebers, P. J. Keall, B. Libby, and R. Mohan, “ Comparison of EGS4 and MCNP4b Monte Carlo codes for generation of photon phase space distributions for a Varian 2100C,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 44, 3009 – 3026 ( 1999 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceC. M. Ma, “Characterization of computer simulated radiotherapy beams for Monte Carlo treatment planning,” Radiation Phys. Chemistry 53, 329–344 (1998).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceA. E. Schach von Wittenau, P. M. Bergstrom, Jr., and L. J. Cox, “ Patient‐dependent beam‐modifier physics in Monte Carlo photon dose calculations,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 27, 935 – 947 ( 2000 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceE. R. Woodcock et al., in Argonne National Laboratory Report, ANL‐7050, 557, 1965.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceI. Lux and L. Koblinger, Monte Carlo Particle Transport Methods: Neutron and Photon Calculations (CRC, Boca Raton, 1991).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. J. DeMarco, T. D. Solberg, I. Chetty, and J. B. Smathers, “Efficient sampling algorithms for Monte Carlo based treatment planning,” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53, 229–234 (1998).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceI. Kawrakow and M. Fippel, “ Investigation of variance reduction techniques for Monte Carlo photon dose calculation using XVMC,” Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 --> 45, 2163 – 2184 ( 2000 ). PHMBA7 --> 0031‐9155
dc.identifier.citedreferenceM. Berger, “Monte Carlo Calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged particles,” Methods Comput. Phys. 135–215 (1963).
dc.identifier.citedreference“Handbook on Photonuclear Data for Applications, Cross Sections and Spectra,” IAEA‐TECDOC—Draft No. 3, March 2000.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJ. A. Rawlinson, M. K. Islam, and D. M. Galbraith, “ Dose to radiation therapists from activation at high‐energy accelerators used for conventional and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy,” Med. Phys. MPHYA6 --> 29, 598 – 608 ( 2002 ). MPHYA6 --> 0094‐2405
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD. Followill, P. Geis, and A. Boyer, “ Estimates of whole‐body dose equivalent produced by beam intensity modulated conformal therapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. IOBPD3 --> 38, 667 – 672 ( 1997 ). IOBPD3 --> 0360‐3016
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
mp6990.pdf
Size:
79.44KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.