View Item 

Show simple item record

Cultural Differences in Visual Search for Geometric Figures
dc.contributor.authorUeda, Yoshiyuki
dc.contributor.authorChen, Lei
dc.contributor.authorKopecky, Jonathon
dc.contributor.authorCramer, Emily S.
dc.contributor.authorRensink, Ronald A.
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, David E.
dc.contributor.authorKitayama, Shinobu
dc.contributor.authorSaiki, Jun
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-05T16:37:45Z
dc.date.available2019-03-01T21:00:18Zen
dc.date.issued2018-01
dc.identifier.citationUeda, Yoshiyuki; Chen, Lei; Kopecky, Jonathon; Cramer, Emily S.; Rensink, Ronald A.; Meyer, David E.; Kitayama, Shinobu; Saiki, Jun (2018). "Cultural Differences in Visual Search for Geometric Figures." Cognitive Science 42(1): 286-310.
dc.identifier.issn0364-0213
dc.identifier.issn1551-6709
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141634
dc.description.abstractWhile some studies suggest cultural differences in visual processing, others do not, possibly because the complexity of their tasks draws upon high‐level factors that could obscure such effects. To control for this, we examined cultural differences in visual search for geometric figures, a relatively simple task for which the underlying mechanisms are reasonably well known. We replicated earlier results showing that North Americans had a reliable search asymmetry for line length: Search for long among short lines was faster than vice versa. In contrast, Japanese participants showed no asymmetry. This difference did not appear to be affected by stimulus density. Other kinds of stimuli resulted in other patterns of asymmetry differences, suggesting that these are not due to factors such as analytic/holistic processing but are based instead on the target‐detection process. In particular, our results indicate that at least some cultural differences reflect different ways of processing early‐level features, possibly in response to environmental factors.
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.publisherCambridge University Press
dc.subject.otherCultural differences
dc.subject.otherSearch asymmetry
dc.subject.otherCognitive processing
dc.subject.otherVisual attention
dc.subject.otherVisual search
dc.titleCultural Differences in Visual Search for Geometric Figures
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelNeurosciences
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141634/1/cogs12490_am.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141634/2/cogs12490.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/cogs.12490
dc.identifier.sourceCognitive Science
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaiki, J., Koike, T., Takahashi, K., & Inoue, T. ( 2005 ). Visual search asymmetry with uncertain targets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 1274 – 1287.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMasuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. ( 2001 ). Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 922 – 934.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMasuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. ( 2006 ). Culture and change blindness. Cognitive Science, 30, 381 – 399.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiyamoto, Y., Nisbett, R. E., & Masuda, T. ( 2006 ). Culture and the physical environment: Holistic versus analytic perceptual affordances. Psychological Science, 17, 113 – 119.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiyamoto, Y., Yoshikawa, S., & Kitayama, S. ( 2011 ). Feature and configuration in face processing: Japanese are more configural than Americans. Cognitive Science, 35, 563 – 574.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNisbett, R. E. ( 2003 ). The geography of thought: How Asians and Westerners think differently … and why. New York: The Free Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNisbett, R. E., & Masuda, T. ( 2003 ). Culture and point of view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 11163 – 11175.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNorenzayan, A., Choi, I., & Peng, K. ( 2007 ). Perception and cognition. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 569 – 594 ). New York: Guilford Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePelli, D. G. ( 1997 ). The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10, 437 – 442.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRauschenberger, R., & Yantis, S. ( 2006 ). Perceptual encoding efficiency in visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 116 – 131. doi: 10.1037/0096‐3445.135.1.116
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRayner, K., Castelhano, M. S., & Yang, J. ( 2009 ). Eye movements when looking at unusual/weird scenes: Are there cultural differences? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 35, 254 – 259. doi: 10.1037/a0013508
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRayner, K., Li, X., Williams, C. C., Cave, K. R., & Well, A. D. ( 2007 ). Eye movements during information processing tasks: Individual differences and cultural effects. Vision Research, 47, 2714 – 2726.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRensink, R. A., & Enns, J. T. ( 1995 ). Preemption effect in visual search: Evidence for low‐level grouping. Psychological Review, 102, 101 – 130.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaiki, J. ( 2008 ). Stimulus‐driven mechanisms underlying visual search asymmetry revealed by classification image analyses. Journal of Vision, 8 ( 4 ):30, 1 – 19.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShen, J., & Reingold, E. M. ( 2001 ). Visual search asymmetry: The influence of stimulus familiarity and low‐level features. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 464 – 475.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShweder, R. A. ( 1991 ). Thinking through cultures: Expeditions in cultural psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSzwed, M., Quao, E., Jobert, A., Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. ( 2014 ). Effects of literacy in early visual and occipitotemporal areas of Chinese and French readers. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26, 459 – 475.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTreisman, A., & Gelade, G. ( 1980 ). A feature‐integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97 – 136.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTreisman, A., & Gormican, S. ( 1988 ). Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries. Psychological Review, 95, 15 – 48.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTreisman, A., & Sato, S. ( 1990 ). Conjunction search revised. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 459 – 478.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTreisman, A., & Souther, J. ( 1985 ). Search asymmetry: A diagnostic for preattentive processing of separable features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 285 – 310.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUeda, Y., & Komiya, A. ( 2012 ). Cultural adaptation of visual attention: Calibration of the oculomotor control system in accordance with cultural scenes. PLoS ONE, 7, e50282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050282
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUeda, Y., Kurosu, S., & Saiki, J. ( 2015 ). Intensity of visual search asymmetry depends on physical property in target‐present trials and search type in target‐absent trials. Journal of Vision, 15, 1368. doi: 10.1167/15.12.1368
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWolfe, J. M. ( 2001 ). Asymmetries in visual search: An introduction. Perception and Psychophysics, 63, 381 – 389.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWolfe, J. M. ( 2007 ). Guided Search 4.0: Current progress with a model of visual search. In W. Gray (Ed.), Integrated models of cognitive systems (pp. 99 – 119 ). New York: Oxford University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWolfe, J. M. ( 2012 ). When do I quit? The search termination problem in visual search. In M. D. Dodd & J. H. Flowers (Eds.), The influence of attention, learning, and motivation on visual search: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 183 – 208 ). New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZhang, L., Tong, M. H., Marks, T. K., Shan, H., & Cottrell, G. W. ( 2008 ). SUN: A Bayesian framework for saliency using natural statistics. Journal of Vision, 8 ( 7 ): 1 – 20.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZhou, J., Gotch, C., Zhou, Y., & Liu, Z. ( 2008 ). Perceiving an object in its context — is the context cultural or perceptual? Journal of Vision, 8 ( 12 ): 1 – 5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAbel, T. M., & Hsu, F. I. ( 1949 ). Some aspects of personality of Chinese as revealed by the Rorschach Test. Projective Techniques, 13, 285 – 301.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrainard, D. H. ( 1997 ). The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision, 10, 433 – 436.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBruce, N. D. B., & Tsotsos, J. K. ( 2011 ). Visual representation determines search difficulty: Explaining visual search asymmetries. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 5, 33. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2011.00033
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaldara, R., Zhou, X., & Miellet, S. ( 2010 ). Putting culture under the “spotlight” reveals universal information use for face recognition. PLoS ONE, 5, e9708. doi: 10.1371/jounal.pone.0009708
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaparos, S., Ahmed, L., Bremner, A. J., de Fockert, J. W., Linnell, K. J., & Davidoff, J. ( 2012 ). Exposure to an urban environment alters the local bias of a remote culture. Cognition, 122, 80 – 85. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.08.013
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChua, H. F., Boland, J. E., & Nisbett, R. E. ( 2005 ). Cultural variation in eye movements during scene perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 12629 – 12633.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChun, M. M., & Wolfe, J. M. ( 1996 ). Just say no: How are visual searches terminated when there is no target present? Cognitive Psychology, 30, 39 – 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDoherty, M. J., Tsuji, H., & Phillips, W. A. ( 2008 ). The context sensitivity of visual size perception varies across cultures. Perception, 37, 1426 – 1433.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEnns, J. T., Ochs, E. P., & Rensink, R. A. ( 1990 ). VSearch: Macintosh software for experiments in visual search. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 22, 118 – 122.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEvans, K., Rotello, C. M., Li, X., & Rayner, K. ( 2009 ). Scene perception and memory revealed by eye movements and receiver‐operating characteristic analysis: Does a cultural difference truly exist? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 276 – 285. doi: 10.1080/17470210802373720
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFreeman, J., Ziemba, C. M., Heeger, D. J., Simoncelli, E. P., & Movshon, J. A. ( 2013 ). A functional and perceptual signature of the second visual area in primates. Nature Neuroscience, 16, 974 – 981. doi: 10.1038/nn.3402
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHan, S., & Northoff, G. ( 2008 ). Culture‐sensitive neural substrates of human cognition: A transcultural neuroimaging approach. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 646 – 654.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJi, L., Peng, K., & Nisbett, R. E. ( 2000 ). Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 943 – 955.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKitayama, S., Duffy, S., Kawamura, T., & Larsen, J. T. ( 2003 ). Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at new look. Psychological Science, 14, 201 – 206.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKitayama, S., Snibbe, A. C., Markus, H. R., & Suzuki, T. ( 2004 ). Is there “free” choice? Self and dissonance in two cultures. Psychological Science, 15, 527 – 533.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKristofferson, M. W. ( 1972 ). What item recognition and visual search functions are similar. Perception & Psychophysics, 12, 379 – 384.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLucy, J. A. ( 1992a ). Grammatical categories and cognition: A case of study of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLucy, J. A. ( 1992b ). Language diversity and thought: A reformulation of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMalinowski, P., & Hübner, R. ( 2001 ). The effect of familiarity on visual‐search performance: Evidence for learned basic features. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 458 – 463.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarkus, H., & Kitayama, S. ( 1991 ). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224 – 253.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMasuda, T., Gonzalez, R., Kwan, L., & Nisbett, R. E. ( 2008 ). Culture and aesthetic preference: Comparing the attention to context of East Asians and Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1260 – 1275.
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
cogs12490_am.pdf
Size:
390.1KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open
Name:
cogs12490.pdf
Size:
1019.KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.