Show simple item record

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis

dc.contributor.authorWise, Sarah K.
dc.contributor.authorLin, Sandra Y.
dc.contributor.authorToskala, Elina
dc.contributor.authorOrlandi, Richard R.
dc.contributor.authorAkdis, Cezmi A.
dc.contributor.authorAlt, Jeremiah A.
dc.contributor.authorAzar, Antoine
dc.contributor.authorBaroody, Fuad M.
dc.contributor.authorBachert, Claus
dc.contributor.authorCanonica, G. Walter
dc.contributor.authorChacko, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorCingi, Cemal
dc.contributor.authorCiprandi, Giorgio
dc.contributor.authorCorey, Jacquelynne
dc.contributor.authorCox, Linda S.
dc.contributor.authorCreticos, Peter Socrates
dc.contributor.authorCustovic, Adnan
dc.contributor.authorDamask, Cecelia
dc.contributor.authorDeConde, Adam
dc.contributor.authorDelGaudio, John M.
dc.contributor.authorEbert, Charles S.
dc.contributor.authorEloy, Jean Anderson
dc.contributor.authorFlanagan, Carrie E.
dc.contributor.authorFokkens, Wytske J.
dc.contributor.authorFranzese, Christine
dc.contributor.authorGosepath, Jan
dc.contributor.authorHalderman, Ashleigh
dc.contributor.authorHamilton, Robert G.
dc.contributor.authorHoffman, Hans Jürgen
dc.contributor.authorHohlfeld, Jens M.
dc.contributor.authorHouser, Steven M.
dc.contributor.authorHwang, Peter H.
dc.contributor.authorIncorvaia, Cristoforo
dc.contributor.authorJarvis, Deborah
dc.contributor.authorKhalid, Ayesha N.
dc.contributor.authorKilpeläinen, Maritta
dc.contributor.authorKingdom, Todd. T.
dc.contributor.authorKrouse, Helene
dc.contributor.authorLarenas‐linnemann, Desiree
dc.contributor.authorLaury, Adrienne M.
dc.contributor.authorLee, Stella E.
dc.contributor.authorLevy, Joshua M.
dc.contributor.authorLuong, Amber U.
dc.contributor.authorMarple, Bradley F.
dc.contributor.authorMcCoul, Edward D.
dc.contributor.authorMcMains, K. Christopher
dc.contributor.authorMelén, Erik
dc.contributor.authorMims, James W.
dc.contributor.authorMoscato, Gianna
dc.contributor.authorMullol, Joaquim
dc.contributor.authorNelson, Harold S.
dc.contributor.authorPatadia, Monica
dc.contributor.authorPawankar, Ruby
dc.contributor.authorPfaar, Oliver
dc.contributor.authorPlatt, Michael P.
dc.contributor.authorReisacher, William
dc.contributor.authorRondón, Carmen
dc.contributor.authorRudmik, Luke
dc.contributor.authorRyan, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorSastre, Joaquin
dc.contributor.authorSchlosser, Rodney J.
dc.contributor.authorSettipane, Russell A.
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Hemant P.
dc.contributor.authorSheikh, Aziz
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Timothy L.
dc.contributor.authorTantilipikorn, Pongsakorn
dc.contributor.authorTversky, Jody R.
dc.contributor.authorVeling, Maria C.
dc.contributor.authorWang, De Yun
dc.contributor.authorWestman, Marit
dc.contributor.authorWickman, Magnus
dc.contributor.authorZacharek, Mark
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-07T18:24:54Z
dc.date.available2019-04-01T15:01:10Zen
dc.date.issued2018-02
dc.identifier.citationWise, Sarah K.; Lin, Sandra Y.; Toskala, Elina; Orlandi, Richard R.; Akdis, Cezmi A.; Alt, Jeremiah A.; Azar, Antoine; Baroody, Fuad M.; Bachert, Claus; Canonica, G. Walter; Chacko, Thomas; Cingi, Cemal; Ciprandi, Giorgio; Corey, Jacquelynne; Cox, Linda S.; Creticos, Peter Socrates; Custovic, Adnan; Damask, Cecelia; DeConde, Adam; DelGaudio, John M.; Ebert, Charles S.; Eloy, Jean Anderson; Flanagan, Carrie E.; Fokkens, Wytske J.; Franzese, Christine; Gosepath, Jan; Halderman, Ashleigh; Hamilton, Robert G.; Hoffman, Hans Jürgen ; Hohlfeld, Jens M.; Houser, Steven M.; Hwang, Peter H.; Incorvaia, Cristoforo; Jarvis, Deborah; Khalid, Ayesha N.; Kilpeläinen, Maritta ; Kingdom, Todd. T.; Krouse, Helene; Larenas‐linnemann, Desiree ; Laury, Adrienne M.; Lee, Stella E.; Levy, Joshua M.; Luong, Amber U.; Marple, Bradley F.; McCoul, Edward D.; McMains, K. Christopher; Melén, Erik ; Mims, James W.; Moscato, Gianna; Mullol, Joaquim; Nelson, Harold S.; Patadia, Monica; Pawankar, Ruby; Pfaar, Oliver; Platt, Michael P.; Reisacher, William; Rondón, Carmen ; Rudmik, Luke; Ryan, Matthew; Sastre, Joaquin; Schlosser, Rodney J.; Settipane, Russell A.; Sharma, Hemant P.; Sheikh, Aziz; Smith, Timothy L.; Tantilipikorn, Pongsakorn; Tversky, Jody R.; Veling, Maria C.; Wang, De Yun; Westman, Marit; Wickman, Magnus; Zacharek, Mark (2018). "International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis." International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 8(2): 108-352.
dc.identifier.issn2042-6976
dc.identifier.issn2042-6984
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/142491
dc.publisherJaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.subject.otherasthma
dc.subject.otheratopic dermatitis
dc.subject.otheravoidance
dc.subject.otherbiologic
dc.subject.othercockroach
dc.subject.otherconjunctivitis
dc.subject.otherconsensus
dc.subject.othercorticosteroid
dc.subject.othercough
dc.subject.othercromolyn
dc.subject.otherdecongestant
dc.subject.othereosinophilic esophagitis
dc.subject.otherenvironment
dc.subject.otherepicutaneous immunotherapy
dc.subject.otherepidemiology
dc.subject.otherevidenceâ based medicine
dc.subject.otherfood allergy
dc.subject.othergenetics
dc.subject.otherhouse dust mite
dc.subject.otherIgE
dc.subject.otherimmunoglobulin E
dc.subject.otherimmunotherapy
dc.subject.otherinhalant allergy
dc.subject.otherleukotriene
dc.subject.othermicrobiome
dc.subject.otheroccupational rhinitis
dc.subject.otheromalizumab
dc.subject.otherpathophysiology
dc.subject.otherperennial
dc.subject.otherpet dander
dc.subject.otherpollen
dc.subject.otherprobiotic
dc.subject.otherquality of life
dc.subject.otherrhinitis
dc.subject.otherrhinosinusitis
dc.subject.otherrisk factor
dc.subject.othersaline
dc.subject.otherseasonal
dc.subject.othersensitization
dc.subject.othersinusitis
dc.subject.othersleep
dc.subject.othersocioeconomic
dc.subject.othersubcutaneous immunotherapy
dc.subject.othersublingual immunotherapy
dc.subject.othersystematic review
dc.subject.otherspecific IgE
dc.subject.othervalidated survey
dc.subject.otherrhinitis
dc.subject.othertotal IgE
dc.subject.othertranscutaneous immunotherapy
dc.subject.otherallergen extract
dc.subject.otherallergy
dc.subject.otherallergen immunotherapy
dc.subject.otherallergic rhinitis
dc.subject.otherantihistamine
dc.titleInternational Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelAllergy and Clinical Immunology
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142491/1/ICARAuthorCOI2017.8.15.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142491/2/ICARPrimaryAuthorCOIForms1.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142491/3/ICARSecondaryAuthorCOIForms.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142491/4/ICARPrimaryAuthorCOIForms2.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142491/5/alr22073_am.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142491/6/alr22073.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/alr.22073
dc.identifier.sourceInternational Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaForce CF, Carr W, Tilles SA, et al. Evaluation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray, 0.6%, used in combination with an intranasal corticosteroid in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2010; 31: 132 â 140.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilliams H, Robertson C, Stewart A, et al. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103: 125 â 138.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim JP, Chao LX, Simpson EL, Silverberg JI. Persistence of atopic dermatitis (AD): a systematic review and metaâ analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016; 75: 681 â 687.e11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRhodes HL, Thomas P, Sporik R, Holgate ST, Cogswell JJ. A birth cohort study of subjects at risk of atopy: twentyâ twoâ year followâ up of wheeze and atopic status. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165: 176 â 180.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGustafsson D, Sjoberg O, Foucard T. Development of allergies and asthma in infants and young children with atopic dermatitisâ a prospective followâ up to 7 years of age. Allergy. 2000; 55: 240 â 245.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchneider L, Hanifin J, Boguniewicz M, et al. Study of the atopic march: development of atopic comorbidities. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016; 33: 388 â 398.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMortz CG, Andersen KE, Dellgren C, Barington T, Bindslevâ Jensen C. Atopic dermatitis from adolescence to adulthood in the TOACS cohort: prevalence, persistence and comorbidities. Allergy. 2015; 70: 836 â 845.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSybilski AJ, Raciborski F, Lipiec A, et al. Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in Poland according to the Epidemiology of Allergic Disorders in Poland (ECAP) study. J Dermatol. 2015; 42: 140 â 147.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBozek A, Jarzab J. Epidemiology of IgEâ dependent allergic diseases in elderly patients in Poland. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013; 27: e140 â e145.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHon KL, Wang SS, Leung TF. The atopic march: from skin to the airways. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012; 11: 73 â 77.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBatlles Garrido J, Torresâ Borrego J, Bonillo Perales A, et al. Prevalence and factors linked to atopic eczema in 10â and 11â yearâ old schoolchildren. Isaac 2 in Almeria, Spain. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2010; 38: 174 â 180.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeroni DG, Piacentini GL, Bodini A, Rigotti E, Pigozzi R, Boner AL. Prevalence and risk factors for atopic dermatitis in preschool children. Br J Dermatol. 2008; 158: 539 â 543.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLowe AJ, Hosking CS, Bennett CM, et al. Skin prick test can identify eczematous infants at risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2007; 37: 1624 â 1631.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaraman O, Turgut CS, Uzuner N, et al. The determination of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and atopy prevalence in 9â to 11â yearâ old children in the city of Izmir. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2006; 27: 319 â 324.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKusel MM, Holt PG, de Klerk N, Sly PD. Support for 2 variants of eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 1067 â 1072.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKidon MI, Chiang WC, Liew WK, et al. Sensitization to dust mites in children with allergic rhinitis in Singapore: does it matter if you scratch while you sneeze ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 434 â 440.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYemaneberhan H, Flohr C, Lewis SA, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of atopic dermatitis symptoms in rural and urban Ethiopia. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 779 â 785.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOzdemir N, Ucgun I, Metintas S, Kolsuz M, Metintas M. The prevalence of asthma and allergy among university freshmen in Eskisehir, Turkey. Respir Med. 2000; 94: 536 â 541.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGarciaâ Gonzalez JJ, Vegaâ Chicote JM, Rico P, et al. Prevalence of atopy in students from Malaga, Spain. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998; 80: 237 â 244.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeung R, Ho P. Asthma, allergy, and atopy in three Southâ East Asian populations. Thorax. 1994; 49: 1205 â 1210.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceInuo C, Kondo Y, Tanaka K, et al. Japanese cedar pollenâ based subcutaneous immunotherapy decreases tomato fruitâ specific basophil activation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2015; 167: 137 â 145.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKondo Y, Urisu A. Oral allergy syndrome. Allergol Int. 2009; 58: 485 â 491.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEbner C, Birkner T, Valenta R, et al. Common epitopes of birch pollen and applesâ studies by western and northern blot. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991; 88: 588 â 594.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOrtolani C, Pastorello EA, Farioli L, et al. IgEâ mediated allergy from vegetable allergens. Ann Allergy. 1993; 71: 470 â 476.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLieberman P, Nicklas RA, Randolph C, et al. Anaphylaxisâ a practice parameter update 2015. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115: 341 â 384.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSkamstrup Hansen K, Vestergaard H, Stahl Skov P, et al. Doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled food challenge with apple. Allergy. 2001; 56: 109 â 117.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBohle B, Zwolfer B, Heratizadeh A, et al. Cooking birch pollenâ related food: divergent consequences for IgEâ and T cellâ mediated reactivity in vitro and in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 118: 242 â 249.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBindslevâ Jensen C, Vibits A, Stahl Skov P, Weeke B. Oral allergy syndrome: the effect of astemizole. Allergy. 1991; 46: 610 â 613.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsero R. Effects of birch pollenâ specific immunotherapy on apple allergy in birch pollenâ hypersensitive patients. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998; 28: 1368 â 1373.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBolhaar ST, Tiemessen MM, Zuidmeer L, et al. Efficacy of birchâ pollen immunotherapy on crossâ reactive food allergy confirmed by skin tests and doubleâ blind food challenges. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 761 â 769.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMauro M, Russello M, Incorvaia C, et al. Birchâ apple syndrome treated with birch pollen immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 156: 416 â 422.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsero R. How long does the effect of birch pollen injection SIT on apple allergy last ? Allergy. 2003; 58: 435 â 438.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse JH. Allergy and Immunology: An Otolaryngic Approach. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBircher AJ, Van Melle G, Haller E, Curty B, Frei PC. IgE to food allergens are highly prevalent in patients allergic to pollens, with and without symptoms of food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 1994; 24: 367 â 374.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarseglia GL, Poddighe D, Caimmi D, et al. Role of adenoids and adenoiditis in children with allergy and otitis media. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009; 9: 460 â 464.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCassano P, Gelardi M, Cassano M, Fiorella ML, Fiorella R. Adenoid tissue rhinopharyngeal obstruction grading based on fiberendoscopic findings: a novel approach to therapeutic management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003; 67: 1303 â 1309.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZhang L, Mendozaâ Sassi RA, Cesar JA, Chadha NK. Intranasal corticosteroids for nasal airway obstruction in children with moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008: CD006286.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEvcimik MF, Dogru M, Cirik AA, Nepesov MI. Adenoid hypertrophy in children with allergic disease and influential factors. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015; 79: 694 â 697.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDogru M, Evcimik MF, Calim OF. Does adenoid hypertrophy affect disease severity in children with allergic rhinitis ? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 274: 209 â 213.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceModrzynski M, Zawisza E. The influence of birch pollination on the adenoid size in children with intermittent allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007; 71: 1017 â 1023.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAtan Sahin O, Kececioglu N, Serdar M, Ozpinar A. The association of residential mold exposure and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children living in damp environments. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2016; 88: 233 â 238.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHuang SW, Giannoni C. The risk of adenoid hypertrophy in children with allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 87: 350 â 355.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaraca CT, Toros SZ, Noseri H, et al. Role of allergy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. J Craniofac Surg. 2012; 23: e611 â e613.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmeli F, Brocchetti F, Tosca MA, Signori A, Ciprandi G. Adenoidal hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis: is there an inverse relationship ? Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013; 27: e5 â e10.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSadeghiâ Shabestari M, Jabbari Moghaddam Y, Ghaharri H. Is there any correlation between allergy and adenotonsillar tissue hypertrophy ? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011; 75: 589 â 591.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEren E, Arslanoglu S, Erdem SB, et al. Chicken or the egg: the dilemma of allergic rhinitis versus adenoid hypertrophy. Rhinology. 2015; 53: 154 â 159.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNi K, Zhao L, Wu J, Chen W, HongyaYang, Li X. Th17/Treg balance in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the relationship with allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015; 79: 1448 â 1454.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMasieri S, Trabattoni D, Incorvaia C, et al. A role for Waldeyer’s ring in immunological response to allergens. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014; 30: 203 â 205.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWarman M, Granot E, Halperin D. Improvement in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis: a secondary benefit of adenoidectomy in children. Ear Nose Throat J. 2015; 94: 220, 222, 224â 227. https://www.entjournal.com/article/improvement-allergic-and-nonallergic-rhinitis-secondary-benefit-adenoidectomy-children. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScadding G. Nonâ surgical treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy: the role of treating IgEâ mediated inflammation. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010; 21: 1095 â 1106.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChohan A, Lal A, Chohan K, Chakravarti A, Gomber S. Systematic review and metaâ analysis of randomized controlled trials on the role of mometasone in adenoid hypertrophy in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015; 79: 1599 â 1608.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePagella F, De Amici M, Pusateri A, et al. Adenoids and clinical symptoms: Epidemiology of a cohort of 795 pediatric patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015; 79: 2137 â 2141.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFriedman RA, Doyle WJ, Casselbrant ML, Bluestone C, Fireman P. Immunologicâ mediated eustachian tube obstruction: a doubleâ blind crossover study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1983; 71: 442 â 447.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSkoner DP, Doyle WJ, Chamovitz AH, Fireman P. Eustachian tube obstruction after intranasal challenge with house dust mite. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986; 112: 840 â 842.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSkoner DP, Doyle WJ, Fireman P. Eustachian tube obstruction (ETO) after histamine nasal provocationâ a doubleâ blind doseâ response study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987; 79: 27 â 31.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBluestone CD, Cantekin EI. Current clinical methods, indications and interpretation of eustachian tube function tests. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1981; 90: 552 â 562.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceO’Connor RD, Ort H, Leong AB, Cook DA, Street D, Hamburger RN. Tympanometric changes following nasal antigen challenge in children with allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1984; 53: 468 â 471.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLazoâ Saenz JG, Galvanâ Aguilera AA, Martinezâ Ordaz VA, Velascoâ Rodriguez VM, Nievesâ Renteria A, Rinconâ Castaneda C. Eustachian tube dysfunction in allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005; 132: 626 â 629.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKnight LC, Eccles R, Morris S. Seasonal allergic rhinitis and its effects on eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1992; 17: 308 â 312.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOsur SL, Volovitz B, Dickson S, Enck DC, Bernstein JM. Eustachian tube dysfunction in children with ragweed hayfever during natural pollen exposure. Allergy Proc. 1989; 10: 133 â 139.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein JM, Lee J, Conboy K, Ellis E, Li P. Further observations on the role of IgEâ mediated hypersensitivity in recurrent otitis media with effusion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985; 93: 611 â 615.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein JM, Lee J, Conboy K, Ellis E, Li P. The role of IgEâ mediated hypersensitivity in recurrent otitis media with effusion. Am J Otol. 1983; 5: 66 â 69.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein JM, Ellis E, Li P. The role of IgEâ mediated hypersensitivity in otitis media with effusion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1981; 89: 874 â 878.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaffarelli C, Savini E, Giordano S, Gianlupi G, Cavagni G. Atopy in children with otitis media with effusion. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998; 28: 591 â 596.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYeo SG, Park DC, Eun YG, Cha CI. The role of allergic rhinitis in the development of otitis media with effusion: effect on eustachian tube function. Am J Otolaryngol. 2007; 28: 148 â 152.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChantzi FM, Kafetzis DA, Bairamis T, et al. IgE sensitization, respiratory allergy symptoms, and heritability independently increase the risk of otitis media with effusion. Allergy. 2006; 61: 332 â 336.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTomonaga K, Kurono Y, Mogi G. The role of nasal allergy in otitis media with effusiom. Acta Otolaryngol. 1998; 458: s41 â s47.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBorge P. Atopy and secretory otitis media. Immunological studies and responses to topical corticosteroid therapy. J Laryngol Otol. 1983; 97: 117 â 129.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorey JP, Adham RE, Abbass AH, Seligman I. The role of IgEâ mediated hypersensitivity in otitis media with effusion. Am J Otolaryngol. 1994; 15: 138 â 144.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKreinerâ Moller E, Chawes BL, Cayeâ Thomasen P, Bonnelykke K, Bisgaard H. Allergic rhinitis is associated with otitis media with effusion: a birth cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42: 1615 â 1620.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHurst DS. Efficacy of allergy immunotherapy as a treatment for patients with chronic otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008; 72: 1215 â 1223.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHurst DS. Association of otitis media with effusion and allergy as demonstrated by intradermal skin testing and eosinophil cationic protein levels in both middle ear effusions and mucosal biopsies. Laryngoscope. 1996; 106: 1128 â 1137.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHurst DS. Allergy management of refractory serous otitis media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990; 102: 664 â 669.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlles R, Parikh A, Hawk L, Darby Y, Romero JN, Scadding G. The prevalence of atopic disorders in children with chronic otitis media with effusion. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2001; 12: 102 â 106.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcMahan JT, Calenoff E, Croft DJ, Barenholtz L, Weber LD. Chronic otitis media with effusion and allergy: modified RAST analysis of 119 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1981; 89: 427 â 431.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLildholdt T, Kortholm B. Beclomethasone nasal spray in the treatment of middleâ ear effusion â a doubleâ blind study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1982; 4: 133 â 137.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShapiro GG, Bierman CW, Furukawa CT, et al. Treatment of persistent eustachian tube dysfunction in children with aerosolized nasal dexamethasone phosphate versus placebo. Ann Allergy. 1982; 49: 81 â 85.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilliamson I, Benge S, Barton S, et al. Topical intranasal corticosteroids in 4â 11 year old children with persistent bilateral otitis media with effusion in primary care: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2009; 339: b4984.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosenfeld RM, Shin JJ, Schwartz SR, et al. Clinical practice guideline: otitis media with effusion (update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016; 154: S1 â S41.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSajjadi H, Paparella MM. Meniere’s disease. Lancet. 2008; 372: 406 â 414.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDerebery MJ. Allergic and immunologic aspects of Meniere’s disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996; 114: 360 â 365.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSingh S, Nagarkar AN, Bansal S, Vir D, Gupta AK. Audiological manifestations of allergic rhinitis. J Laryngol Otol. 2011; 125: 906 â 910.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDerebery MJ, Berliner KI. Prevalence of allergy in Meniere’s disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000; 123: 69 â 75.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDerebery MJ. Allergic management of Meniere’s disease: an outcome study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000; 122: 174 â 182.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDerebery MJ, Valenzuela S. Meniere’s syndrome and allergy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1992; 25: 213 â 224.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeles E, Godekmerdan A, Kalidag T, et al. Meniere’s disease and allergy: allergens and cytokines. J Laryngol Otol. 2004; 118: 688 â 693.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHsu L, Zhu XN, Zhao YS. Immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes in endolymphatic hydrops. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1990; 99: 535 â 538.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGibbs SR, Mabry RL, Roland PS, Shoup AG, Mabry CS. Electrocochleographic changes after intranasal allergen challenge: a possible diagnostic tool in patients with Meniere’s disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999; 121: 283 â 284.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceViscomi GJ, Bojrab DI. Use of electrocochleography to monitor antigenic challenge in Meniere’s disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992; 107: 733 â 737.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIrwin RS, Baumann MH, Bolser DC, et al. Diagnosis and management of cough executive summary: ACCP evidenceâ based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006; 129: 1S â 23S.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePassali D, Benedetto de F, Benedetto de M, et al. Rhinoâ Bronchial Syndrome. The SIOâ AIMAR (Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgeryâ Interdisciplinary Scientific Association for the Study of the Respiratory Diseases) survey. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2011; 31: 27 â 34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin HC, Cho SH, Ghoshal AG, et al. Respiratory diseases and the impact of cough in Taiwan: results from the APBORD observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95: e3854.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGhoshal AG, Ravindran GD, Gangwal P, et al. The burden of segregated respiratory diseases in India and the quality of care in these patients: results from the Asiaâ Pacific Burden of Respiratory Diseases study. Lung India. 2016; 33: 611 â 619.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrzychâ Falta E, Piekarska B, Sybilski A, Wojas O, Samolinski B. The safety of nasal allergen challenge test assessed in lower airways. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 14: 581 â 588.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChakir J, Laviolette M, Turcotte H, Boutet M, Boulet LP. Cytokine expression in the lower airways of nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis: influence of natural allergen exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: 904 â 910.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChakir J, Laviolette M, Boutet M, Laliberte R, Dube J, Boulet LP. Lower airways remodeling in nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis. Lab Invest. 1996; 75: 735 â 744.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuday T, Gavliakova S, Mokry J, Medvedova I, Kavalcikovaâ Bogdanova N, Plevkova J. The guinea pig sensitized by house dust mite: a model of experimental cough studies. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016; 905: 87 â 95.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCho SH, Lin HC, Ghoshal AG, et al. Respiratory disease in the Asiaâ Pacific region: cough as a key symptom. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016; 37: 131 â 140.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHe S, Li YJ, Chen J. Clinical features of allergic rhinitis in children of Shanghai, China. Genet Mol Res. 2016; 15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoth DF, Ferguson BJ. Vocal allergy: recent advances in understanding the role of allergy in dysphonia. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010; 18: 176 â 181.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMillqvist E, Bende M, Brynnel M, Johansson I, Kappel S, Ohlsson AC. Voice change in seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Voice. 2008; 22: 512 â 515.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKoc EA, Koc B, Erbek S. Comparison of acoustic and stroboscopic findings and voice handicap index between allergic rhinitis patients and controls. Balkan Med J. 2014; 31: 340 â 344.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse JH, Dworkin JP, Carron MA, Stachler RJ. Baseline laryngeal effects among individuals with dust mite allergy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008; 139: 149 â 151.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRandhawa PS, Nouraei S, Mansuri S, Rubin JS. Allergic laryngitis as a cause of dysphonia: a preliminary report. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2010; 35: 169 â 174.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamdan AL, Sibai A, Youssef M, Deeb R, Zaitoun F. The use of a screening questionnaire to determine the incidence of allergic rhinitis in singers with dysphonia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006; 132: 547 â 549.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTurley R, Cohen SM, Becker A, Ebert CS Jr. Role of rhinitis in laryngitis: another dimension of the unified airway. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2011; 120: 505 â 510.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimberg S, Sala E, Tuomainen J, Ronnemaa AM. Vocal symptoms and allergyâ a pilot study. J Voice. 2009; 23: 136 â 139.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRandhawa PS, Mansuri S, Rubin JS. Is dysphonia due to allergic laryngitis being misdiagnosed as laryngopharyngeal reflux ? Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2010; 35: 1 â 5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrook CD, Platt MP, Reese S, Noordzij JP. Utility of allergy testing in patients with chronic laryngopharyngeal symptoms: is it allergic laryngitis? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016; 154: 41 â 45.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEren E, Arslanoglu S, Aktas A, et al. Factors confusing the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux: the role of allergic rhinitis and interâ rater variability of laryngeal findings. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014; 271: 743 â 747.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBelafsky PC, Peake J, Smileyâ Jewell SM, Verma SP, Dworkinâ Valenti J, Pinkerton KE. Soot and house dust mite allergen cause eosinophilic laryngitis in an animal model. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126: 108 â 112.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMouadeb DA, Belafsky PC, Birchall M, Hood C, Konia T, Pinkerton KE. The effects of allergens and tobacco smoke on the laryngeal mucosa of guinea pigs. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009; 140: 493 â 497.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoth DF, Abbott KV, Carroll TL, Ferguson BJ. Evidence for primary laryngeal inhalant allergy: a randomized, doubleâ blinded crossover study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 10 â 18.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReidy PM, Dworkin JP, Krouse JH. Laryngeal effects of antigen stimulation challenge with perennial allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 128: 455 â 462.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDworkin JP, Reidy PM, Stachler RJ, Krouse JH. Effects of sequential Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen stimulation on anatomy and physiology of the larynx. Ear Nose Throat J. 2009; 88: 793 â 799.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrook C, Noordzij JP, Russell K, Aliphas A, Platt M. Predictive findings of allergic disease in fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy. Laryngoscope. 2015; 125: 286 â 290.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacksonâ Menaldi CA, Dzul AI, Holland RW. Allergies and vocal fold edema: a preliminary report. J Voice. 1999; 13: 113 â 122.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpergel JM, Brownâ Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL, et al. 14 years of eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical features and prognosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009; 48: 30 â 36.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoyâ Ghanta S, Larosa DF, Katzka DA. Atopic characteristics of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 6: 531 â 535.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFuruta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology. 2007; 133: 1342 â 1363.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAssa’ad AH, Putnam PE, Collins MH, et al. Pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: an 8â year followâ up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 119: 731 â 738.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlazaâ Martin AM, Jimenezâ Feijoo R, Andaluz C, et al. Polysensitization to aeroallergens and food in eosinophilic esophagitis in a pediatric population. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2007; 35: 35 â 37.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSugnanam KK, Collins JT, Smith PK, et al. Dichotomy of food and inhalant allergen sensitization in eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy. 2007; 62: 1257 â 1260.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRemedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, Kerlin P. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 63: 3 â 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGuajardo JR, Plotnick LM, Fende JM, Collins MH, Putnam PE, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilâ associated gastrointestinal disorders: a worldâ wideâ web based registry. J Pediatr. 2002; 141: 576 â 581.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoawad FJ, Veerappan GR, Lake JM, et al. Correlation between eosinophilic oesophagitis and aeroallergens. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010; 31: 509 â 515.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlmansa C, Krishna M, Buchner AM, et al. Seasonal distribution in newly diagnosed cases of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104: 828 â 833.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang FY, Gupta SK, Fitzgerald JF. Is there a seasonal variation in the incidence or intensity of allergic eosinophilic esophagitis in newly diagnosed children ? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007; 41: 451 â 453.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRamirez RM, Jacobs RL. Eosinophilic esophagitis treated with immunotherapy to dust mites. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132: 503 â 504.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShedden A. Impact of nasal congestion on quality of life and work productivity in allergic rhinitis: findings from a large online survey. Treat Respir Med. 2005; 4: 439 â 446.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Blaiss MS, Derebery MJ, et al. Burden of allergic rhinitis: results from the Pediatric Allergies in America survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124: S43 â S70.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Neukirch F, Bousquet PJ, et al. Severity and impairment of allergic rhinitis in patients consulting in primary care. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 117: 158 â 162.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCraig TJ, Hanks CD, Fisher LH. How do topical nasal corticosteroids improve sleep and daytime somnolence in allergic rhinitis? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 1264 â 1266.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSherkat AA, Sardana N, Safaee S, Lehman EB, Craig TJ. The role of pseudoephedrine on daytime somnolence in patients suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 106: 97 â 102.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFerguson BJ. Influences of allergic rhinitis on sleep. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 130: 617 â 629.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMann RD, Pearce GL, Dunn N, Shakir S. Sedation with â nonâ sedatingâ antihistamines: four prescriptionâ event monitoring studies in general practice. BMJ. 2000; 320: 1184 â 1186.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHindmarch I, Shamsi Z. Antihistamines: models to assess sedative properties, assessment of sedation, safety and other sideâ effects. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999; 29 ( Suppl 3 ): 133 â 142.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIshman SL, Smith DF, Benke JR, Nguyen MT, Lin SY. The prevalence of sleepiness and the risk of sleepâ disordered breathing in children with positive allergy test. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2012; 2: 139 â 143.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYuksel H, Sogut A, Yilmaz H, Yilmaz O, Dinc G. Sleep actigraphy evidence of improved sleep after treatment of allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 103: 290 â 294.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBenninger MS, Benninger RM. The impact of allergic rhinitis on sexual activity, sleep, and fatigue. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 358 â 365.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Nathan R, Derebery J, et al. Sleep, quality of life, and productivity impact of nasal symptoms in the United States: findings from the Burden of Rhinitis in America survey. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 244 â 254.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOrlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Hwang PH, et al. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6 ( Suppl )1: S22 â S209.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ. 1996; 312: 71 â 72.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRudmik L, Smith TL. Development of an evidenceâ based review with recommendations using an online iterative process. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2011; 1: 431 â 437.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and metaâ analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009; 6: e1000100.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOxford Centre for Evidenceâ based Medicine (CEBM). Levels of Evidence. http://www.cebm.net/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-2009/. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmerican Academy of Pediatrics Steering Committee on Quality Improvement, Management. Classifying recommendations for clinical practice guidelines. Pediatrics. 2004; 114: 874 â 877.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N; Aria Workshop Group; World Health Organization. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 108: S147 â S334.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHansel F. Clinical and histopathologic studies of the nose and sinuses in allergy. J Allergy. 1929; 1: 43 â 70.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBauchau V, Durham SR. Prevalence and rate of diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in Europe. Eur Respir J. 2004; 24: 758 â 764.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry crossâ sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006; 368: 733 â 743.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVinke JG, KleinJan A, Severijnen LW, Hoeve LJ, Fokkens WJ. Differences in nasal cellular infiltrates between allergic children and ageâ matched controls. Eur Respir J. 1999; 13: 797 â 803.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePapatziamos G, van der Ploeg I, Hemlin C, Patwardhan A, Scheynius A. Increased occurrence of IgE+ and FcepsilonRI+ cells in adenoids from atopic children. Allergy. 1999; 54: 916 â 925.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBauchau V, Durham SR. Epidemiological characterization of the intermittent and persistent types of allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2005; 60: 350 â 353.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiprandi G, Buscaglia S, Pesce G, et al. Minimal persistent inflammation is present at mucosal level in patients with asymptomatic rhinitis and mite allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 96: 971 â 979.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlattsâ Mills TA, Hayden ML, Chapman MD, Wilkins SR. Seasonal variation in dust mite and grassâ pollen allergens in dust from the houses of patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987; 79: 781 â 791.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceConnell JT. Quantitative intranasal pollen challenges. 3. The priming effect in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy. 1969; 43: 33 â 44.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWachs M, Proud D, Lichtenstein LM, Kageyâ Sobotka A, Norman PS, Naclerio RM. Observations on the pathogenesis of nasal priming. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989; 84: 492 â 501.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJuliusson S, Bende M. Priming effect of a birch pollen season studied with laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Allergy. 1988; 18: 615 â 618.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNaito K, Ishihara M, Senoh Y, Takeda N, Yokoyama N, Iwata S. Seasonal variations of nasal resistance in allergic rhinitis and environmental pollen counts. II: Efficacy of preseasonal therapy. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1993; 20: 31 â 38.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKoh YY, Lim HS, Min KU, Min YG. Airways of allergic rhinitics are â primedâ to repeated allergen inhalation challenge. Clin Exp Allergy. 1994; 24: 337 â 346.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAssing K, Bodtger U, Poulsen LK, Malling HJ. Grass pollen symptoms interfere with the recollection of birch pollen symptomsâ a prospective study of suspected, asymptomatic skin sensitization. Allergy. 2007; 62: 373 â 377.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLanier B, Kai G, Marple B, Wall GM. Pathophysiology and progression of nasal septal perforation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007; 99: 473 â 479; quiz 480â 471, 521.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKnani J, Campbell A, Enander I, Peterson CG, Michel FB, Bousquet J. Indirect evidence of nasal inflammation assessed by titration of inflammatory mediators and enumeration of cells in nasal secretions of patients with chronic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 90: 880 â 889.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRicca V, Landi M, Ferrero P, et al. Minimal persistent inflammation is also present in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: 54 â 57.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiediker M, Monn C, Koller T, Stahel WA, Wuthrich B. Air pollutants enhance rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in pollenâ allergic individuals. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 87: 311 â 318.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Annesiâ Maesano I, Carat F, et al. Characteristics of intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis: DREAMS study group. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 728 â 732.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, et al. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 122: S1 â S84.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Hoecke H, Vastesaeger N, Dewulf L, Sys L, van Cauwenberge P. Classification and management of allergic rhinitis patients in general practice during pollen season. Allergy. 2006; 61: 705 â 711.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemoly P, Allaert FA, Lecasble M, Bousquet J, Pragma. Validation of the classification of ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma). Allergy. 2003; 58: 672 â 675.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachert C, van Cauwenberge P, Olbrecht J, van Schoor J. Prevalence, classification and perception of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in Belgium. Allergy. 2006; 61: 693 â 698.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTodoâ Bom A, Loureiro C, Almeida MM, et al. Epidemiology of rhinitis in Portugal: evaluation of the intermittent and the persistent types. Allergy. 2007; 62: 1038 â 1043.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemoly P, Passalacqua G, Pfaar O, Sastre J, Wahn U. Management of the polyallergic patient with allergy immunotherapy: a practiceâ based approach. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016; 12: 2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZuberbier T, Bachert C, Bousquet PJ, et al. GA(2) LEN/EAACI pocket guide for allergenâ specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy. 2010; 65: 1525 â 1530.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePfaar O, Demoly P, Gerth van Wijk R, et al. Recommendations for the standardization of clinical outcomes used in allergen immunotherapy trials for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: an EAACI Position Paper. Allergy. 2014; 69: 854 â 867.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaahtela T, Burbach GJ, Bachert C, et al. Clinical relevance is associated with allergenâ specific wheal size in skin prick testing. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014; 44: 407 â 416.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVarghese M, Glaum MC, Lockey RF. Drugâ induced rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 381 â 384.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSettipane RA, Kaliner MA. Chapter 14: Nonallergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013; 27 Suppl 1: S48 â 51.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWalgama ES, Hwang PH. Aspirinâ exacerbated respiratory disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017; 50: 83 â 94.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSousa AR, Parikh A, Scadding G, Corrigan CJ, Lee TH. Leukotrieneâ receptor expression on nasal mucosal inflammatory cells in aspirinâ sensitive rhinosinusitis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 1493 â 1499.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarnes PJ. Neurogenic inflammation in the airways. Respir Physiol. 2001; 125: 145 â 154.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaliner MA, Baraniuk JN, Benninger M, et al. Consensus definition of nonallergic rhinopathy, previously referred to as vasomotor rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, and/or idiopathic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J. 2009; 2: 119 â 120.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSettipane RA, Charnock DR. Epidemiology of rhinitis: allergic and nonallergic. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007; 19: 23 â 34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMah GT, Tejani AM, Musini VM. Methyldopa for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009: CD003893.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKiroglu AF, Bayrakli H, Yuca K, Cankaya H, Kiris M. Nasal obstruction as a common sideâ effect of sildenafil citrate. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006; 208: 251 â 254.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMotamed M, Sandhu D, Murty GE. Sildenafil and nasal obstruction. J Otolaryngol. 2003; 32: 259 â 261.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCingi C, Ozdoganoglu T, Songu M. Nasal obstruction as a drug side effect. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2011; 5: 175 â 182.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTogias A. Unique mechanistic features of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: S599 â 604.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiccio MM, Proud D. Evidence that enhanced nasal reactivity to bradykinin in patients with symptomatic allergy is mediated by neural reflexes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 97: 1252 â 1263.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShirasaki H, Kanaizumi E, Himi T. Immunohistochemical localization of the bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors in human nasal mucosa. Mediators Inflamm. 2009; 2009: 102406.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTrimarchi M, Miluzio A, Nicolai P, Morassi ML, Bussi M, Marchisio PC. Massive apoptosis erodes nasal mucosa of cocaine abusers. Am J Rhinol. 2006; 20: 160 â 164.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTan TH, Stevenson B, Yip D. Docetaxelâ induced nasal septal perforation. Intern Med J. 2006; 36: 471 â 472.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang SH, Wang HW, Wang JY. Effects of cocaine on human nasal mucosa. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1993; 250: 245 â 248.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSnyder RD, Snyder LB. Intranasal cocaine abuse in an allergists office. Ann Allergy. 1985; 54: 489 â 492.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHall LJ, Jackson RT. Effects of alpha and beta adrenergic agonists on nasal blood flow. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1968; 77: 1120 â 1130.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWalker JS. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Allergy. 1952; 23: 183 â 186.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim D, Steinhart B. Seizures induced by recreational abuse of bupropion tablets via nasal insufflation. CJEM. 2010; 12: 158 â 161.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSataloff RT, Gullane PJ, Goldstein DP. Sataloff’s Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing; 2016.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDaws LC, Callaghan PD, Moron JA, et al. Cocaine increases dopamine uptake and cell surface expression of dopamine transporters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002; 290: 1545 â 1550.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiddleton LS, Nuzzo PA, Lofwall MR, Moody DE, Walsh SL. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of intranasal crushed buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone tablets in opioid abusers. Addiction. 2011; 106: 1460 â 1473.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZhang H, Prisinzano TE, Donovan MD. Permeation and metabolism of cocaine in the nasal mucosa. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2012; 37: 255 â 262.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRamey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006; 16: 148 â 155.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf PM. Rhinitis medicamentosa. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007; 19: 295 â 304.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMin YG, Kim HS, Suh SH, Jeon SY, Son YI, Yoon S. Paranasal sinusitis after longâ term use of topical nasal decongestants. Acta Otolaryngol. 1996; 116: 465 â 471.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf P, Juto JE. Sustained use of xylometazoline nasal spray shortens the decongestive response and induces rebound swelling. Rhinology. 1995; 33: 14 â 17.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBralow L. Vicks Sinex PDR. Montvale, NJ: Thomson, 2004.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFleece L, Mizes JS, Jolly PA, Baldwin RL. Rhinitis medicamentosa. Conceptualization, incidence, and treatment. Ala J Med Sci. 1984; 21: 205 â 208.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKnipping S, Holzhausen HJ, Goetze G, Riederer A, Bloching MB. Rhinitis medicamentosa: electron microscopic changes of human nasal mucosa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007; 136: 57 â 61.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarple B, Roland P, Benninger M. Safety review of benzalkonium chloride used as a preservative in intranasal solutions: an overview of conflicting data and opinions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 130: 131 â 141.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf P. Adverse effects of benzalkonium chloride on the nasal mucosa: allergic rhinitis and rhinitis medicamentosa. Clin Ther. 1999; 21: 1749 â 1755.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf P. Rhinitis medicamentosa: a review of causes and treatment. Treat Respir Med. 2005; 4: 21 â 29.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf P. Benzalkonium chloride as a preservative in nasal solutions: reâ examining the data. Respir Med. 2001; 95: 728 â 733.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorris S, Eccles R, Martez SJ, Riker DK, Witek TJ. An evaluation of nasal response following different treatment regimes of oxymetazoline with reference to rebound congestion. Am J Rhinol. 1997; 11: 109 â 115.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChodirker WB. Rhinitis medicamentosa. Can Med Assoc J. 1981; 124: 370, 372.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMay M, West JW. The â stuffyâ nose. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1973; 6: 655 â 674.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraf P, Hallen H, Juto JE. The pathophysiology and treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1995; 20: 224 â 229.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceElwany S, Abdelâ Salaam S. Treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa with fluticasone propionateâ an experimental study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2001; 258: 116 â 119.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTas A, Yagiz R, Yalcin O, et al. Use of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa: an experimental study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005; 132: 608 â 612.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStephens AL Jr, Boggs PB. Intranasal dexamethasone: an adjunct in the treatment of chemical rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1968; 26: 612 â 613.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceElwany SS, Stephanos WM. Rhinitis medicamentosa. An experimental histopathological and histochemical study. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1983; 45: 187 â 194.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSettipane RA. Other causes of rhinitis: mixed rhinitis, rhinitis medicamentosa, hormonal rhinitis, rhinitis of the elderly, and gustatory rhinitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2011; 31: 457 â 467.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDykewicz MS, Fineman S, Skoner DP, et al. Diagnosis and management of rhinitis: complete guidelines of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998; 81: 478 â 518.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkerlund A, Bende M. Sustained use of xylometazoline nose drops aggravates vasomotor rhinitis. Am J Rhinol. 1991; 5: 157 â 160.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoo JK, Seikaly H, Calhoun KH. Extended use of topical nasal decongestants. Laryngoscope. 1997; 107: 40 â 43.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscato G, Vandenplas O, Gerth Van Wijk R, et al. Occupational rhinitis. Allergy. 2008; 63: 969 â 980.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscato G, Dykewicz MS, Desrosiers M, Castano R. Occupational rhinitis. In: Malo JL, Chanâ Yeung M, Bernstein D, eds. Asthma in the Workplace. New York: Taylor & Francis; 2013: 344 â 356.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSiracusa A, Desrosiers M, Marabini A. Epidemiology of occupational rhinitis: prevalence, aetiology and determinants. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 1519 â 1534.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrant A. Baker’s asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 7: 152 â 155.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFolletti I, Forcina A, Marabini A, Bussetti A, Siracusa A. Have the prevalence and incidence of occupational asthma and rhinitis because of laboratory animals declined in the last 25 years? Allergy. 2008; 63: 834 â 841.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMazurek JM, Weissman DN. Occupational respiratory allergic diseases in healthcare workers. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16: 77.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSzeszeniaâ Dabrowska N, Swiatkowska B, Wilczynska U. Occupational diseases among farmers in Poland. Med Pr. 2016; 67: 163 â 171.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLopata AL, Jeebhay MF. Airborne seafood allergens as a cause of occupational allergy and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013; 13: 288 â 297.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCullinan P, Harris JM, Newman Taylor AJ, et al. An outbreak of asthma in a modern detergent factory. Lancet. 2000; 356: 1899 â 1900.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscato G, Pala G, Perfetti L, Frascaroli M, Pignatti P. Clinical and inflammatory features of occupational asthma caused by persulphate salts in comparison with asthma associated with occupational rhinitis. Allergy. 2010; 65: 784 â 790.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePala G, Pignatti P, Perfetti L, et al. Occupational rhinitis and asthma due to cabreuva wood dust. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 104: 268 â 269.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSiracusa A, Folletti I, Moscato G. Nonâ IgEâ mediated and irritantâ induced workâ related rhinitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 13: 159 â 166.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchyllert C, Ronmark E, Andersson M, et al. Occupational exposure to chemicals drives the increased risk of asthma and rhinitis observed for exposure to vapours, gas, dust and fumes: a crossâ sectional populationâ based study. Occup Environ Med. 2016; 73: 663 â 669.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSiracusa A, De Blay F, Folletti I, et al. Asthma and exposure to cleaning productsâ a European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology task force consensus statement. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1532 â 1545.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFolletti I, Zock JP, Moscato G, Siracusa A. Asthma and rhinitis in cleaning workers: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. J Asthma. 2014; 51: 18 â 28.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMalo JL, Lemiere C, Desjardins A, Cartier A. Prevalence and intensity of rhinoconjunctivitis in subjects with occupational asthma. Eur Respir J. 1997; 10: 1513 â 1515.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCastano R, Malo JL. Occupational rhinitis and asthma: where do we stand, where do we go? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2010; 10: 135 â 142.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy. 2008; 63 ( Suppl 86 ): 8 â 160.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkpinarâ Elci M, Pasquale DK, Abrokwah M, Nguyen M, Elci OC. United airway disease among crop farmers. J Agromedicine. 2016; 21: 217 â 223.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscato G, Pala G, Folletti I, Siracusa A, Quirce S. Occupational rhinitis affects occupational asthma severity. J Occup Health. 2016; 58: 310 â 313.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOttaviano G, Fokkens WJ. Measurements of nasal airflow and patency: a critical review with emphasis on the use of peak nasal inspiratory flow in daily practice. Allergy. 2016; 71: 162 â 174.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePignatti P, Pala G, Pisati M, Perfetti L, Banchieri G, Moscato G. Nasal blown secretion evaluation in specific occupational nasal challenges. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010; 83: 217 â 223.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGomez F, Rondon C, Salas M, Campo P. Local allergic rhinitis: mechanisms, diagnosis and relevance for occupational rhinitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 15: 111 â 116.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Campo P, Togias A, et al. Local allergic rhinitis: concept, pathophysiology, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 1460 â 1467.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrammer LC, 3rd. Occupational rhinitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36: 333 â 341.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscato G, Pala G, Sastre J. Specific immunotherapy and biological treatments for occupational allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 14: 576 â 581.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscato G, Pala G, Boillat MA, et al. EAACI position paper: prevention of workâ related respiratory allergies among preâ apprentices or apprentices and young workers. Allergy. 2011; 66: 1164 â 1173.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFossâ Skiftesvik MH, Winther L, Johnsen CR, et al. High occurrence of rhinitis symptoms in hairdressing apprentices. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2017; 7: 43 â 49.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShusterman D. Occupational irritant and allergic rhinitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2014; 14: 425.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOttaviano G, Staffieri A, Stritoni P, et al. Nasal dysfunction induced by chlorinate water in competitive swimmers. Rhinology. 2012; 50: 294 â 298.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Disease Control. 1986 Surgeon General’s report: the health consequences of involuntary smoking. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1986; 35: 769 â 770.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTai CF, Baraniuk JN. Upper airway neurogenic mechanisms. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 2: 11 â 19.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeggs WJ. RADS and RUDSâ the toxic induction of asthma and rhinitis. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1994; 32: 487 â 501.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrooks SM, Weiss MA, Bernstein IL. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Persistent asthma syndrome after high level irritant exposures. Chest. 1985; 88: 376 â 384.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraham C, Rosenkranz HS, Karol MH. Structureâ activity model of chemicals that cause human respiratory sensitization. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997; 26: 296 â 306.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKimber I, Dearman RJ. Toxicology of Chemical Respiratory Hypersensitivity. London: Taylor & Francis; 1997.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaur X. A compendium of causative agents of occupational asthma. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2013; 8: 15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCartier A, Grammer L, Malo JL, et al. Specific serum antibodies against isocyanates: association with occupational asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989; 84: 507 â 514.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKimber I, Dearman RJ. Chemical respiratory allergy: role of IgE antibody and relevance of route of exposure. Toxicology. 2002; 181â 182: 311 â 315.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWisnewski AV. Developments in laboratory diagnostics for isocyanate asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 7: 138 â 145.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEriksson J, Ekerljung L, Sundblad BM, et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with high prevalence of chronic rhinitis and low prevalence of allergic rhinitis in men. Allergy. 2013; 68: 347 â 354.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReh DD, Higgins TS, Smith TL. Impact of tobacco smoke on chronic rhinosinusitis: a review of the literature. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2012; 2: 362 â 369.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAbramson MJ, Schindler C, Schikowski T, et al. Rhinitis in Swiss adults is associated with asthma and early life factors, but not second hand tobacco smoke or obesity. Allergol Int. 2016; 65: 192 â 198.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePallasaho P, Kainu A, Juusela M, Meren M, Sovijarvi A. High prevalence of rhinitis symptoms without allergic sensitization in Estonia and Finland. Eur Clin Respir J. 2015; 2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShargorodsky J, Garciaâ Esquinas E, Galan I, Navasâ Acien A, Lin SY. Allergic sensitization, rhinitis and tobacco smoke exposure in US adults. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0131957.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGleich GJ, Welsh PW, Yunginger JW, Hyatt RE, Catlett JB. Allergy to tobacco: an occupational hazard. N Engl J Med. 1980; 302: 617 â 619.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBurrows B, Halonen M, Lebowitz MD, Knudson RJ, Barbee RA. The relationship of serum immunoglobulin E, allergy skin tests, and smoking to respiratory disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982; 70: 199 â 204.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBascom R, Kesavanathan J, Fitzgerald TK, Cheng KH, Swift DL. Sidestream tobacco smoke exposure acutely alters human nasal mucociliary clearance. Environ Health Perspect. 1995; 103: 1026 â 1030.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLundblad L, Lundberg JM. Capsaicin sensitive sensory neurons mediate the response to nasal irritation induced by the vapour phase of cigarette smoke. Toxicology. 1984; 33: 1 â 7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeggs WJ. Neurogenic inflammation and sensitivity to environmental chemicals. Environ Health Perspect. 1993; 101: 234 â 238.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBascom R, Kulle T, Kageyâ Sobotka A, Proud D. Upper respiratory tract environmental tobacco smoke sensitivity. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991; 143: 1304 â 1311.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceQuillen DM, Feller DB. Diagnosing rhinitis: allergic vs. nonallergic. Am Fam Physician. 2006; 73: 1583 â 1590.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDesrosiers M, Evans GA, Keith PK, et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2011; 7: 2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 152: S1 â S39.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl. 2012;( 23 ): 3 p preceding table of contents, 1â 298.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllegard E, Hellgren M, Toren K, Karlsson G. The incidence of pregnancy rhinitis. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2000; 49: 98 â 101.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLieberman P, Pattanaik D. Nonallergic rhinitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2014; 14: 439.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllegard EK. The etiology and management of pregnancy rhinitis. Am J Respir Med. 2003; 2: 469 â 475.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchatz M, Zeiger RS. Diagnosis and management of rhinitis during pregnancy. Allergy Proc. 1988; 9: 545 â 554.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSobol SE, Frenkiel S, Nachtigal D, Wiener D, Teblum C. Clinical manifestations of sinonasal pathology during pregnancy. J Otolaryngol. 2001; 30: 24 â 28.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeorgitis JW. Prevalence and differential diagnosis of chronic rhinitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2001; 1: 202 â 206.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllegard EK, Karlsson NG, Ellegard LH. Rhinitis in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and some endocrine disorders. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007; 19: 305 â 321.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceToppozada H, Michaels L, Toppozada M, Elâ Ghazzawi I, Talaat M, Elwany S. The human respiratory nasal mucosa in pregnancy. An electron microscopic and histochemical study. J Laryngol Otol. 1982; 96: 613 â 626.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStroud RH, Wright ST, Calhoun KH. Nocturnal nasal congestion and nasal resistance. Laryngoscope. 1999; 109: 1450 â 1453.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTurnbull GL, Rundell OH, Rayburn WF, Jones RK, Pearman CS. Managing pregnancyâ related nocturnal nasal congestion. The external nasal dilator. J Reprod Med. 1996; 41: 897 â 902.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEccles R. Nasal airflow in health and disease. Acta Otolaryngol. 2000; 120: 580 â 595.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchatz M, Zeiger RS, Falkoff R. Asthma and allergic diseases during pregnancy. In: Adkinson NF, Bochner BS, Burks AW, et al., eds. Middleton’s Allergy: Principles and Practice. St. Louis: Mosby; 2014: 951.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGaravello W, Somigliana E, Acaia B, Gaini L, Pignataro L, Gaini RM. Nasal lavage in pregnant women with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010; 151: 137 â 141.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllegard EK, Hellgren M, Karlsson NG. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in pregnancy rhinitis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2001; 26: 394 â 400.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKumar R, Hayhurst KL, Robson AK. Ear, nose, and throat manifestations during pregnancy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011; 145: 188 â 198.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSettipane RA, Lieberman P. Update on nonallergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 86: 494 â 507; quiz 507â 498.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFokkens WJ. Thoughts on the pathophysiology of nonallergic rhinitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2002; 2: 203 â 209.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWolstenholme CR, Philpott CM, Oloto EJ, Murty GE. Does the use of the combined oral contraceptive pill cause changes in the nasal physiology in young women ? Am J Rhinol. 2006; 20: 238 â 240.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRaphael G, Raphael MH, Kaliner M. Gustatory rhinitis: a syndrome of foodâ induced rhinorrhea. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989; 83: 110 â 115.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBock SA, Atkins FM. Patterns of food hypersensitivity during sixteen years of doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled food challenges. J Pediatr. 1990; 117: 561 â 567.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKleineâ Tebbe J, Herold DA. [Crossâ reactive allergen clusters in pollenâ associated food allergy]. Hautarzt. 2003; 54: 130 â 137. German.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOsterballe M, Mortz CG, Hansen TK, Andersen KE, Bindslevâ Jensen C. The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in young adults. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009; 20: 686 â 692.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEriksson NE, Wihl JA, Arrendal H. Birch pollenâ related food hypersensitivity: influence of total and specific IgE levels. A multicenter study. Allergy. 1983; 38: 353 â 357.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, et al. Food allergy: a practice parameter updateâ 2014. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 1016 â 1025.e43.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVally H, de Klerk N, Thompson PJ. Alcoholic drinks: important triggers for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: 462 â 467.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndersson M, Persson CG, Svensson C, Cervinâ Hoberg C, Greiff L. Effects of loratadine on red wineâ induced symptoms and signs of rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 2003; 123: 1087 â 1093.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNihlen U, Greiff LJ, Nyberg P, Persson CG, Andersson M. Alcoholâ induced upper airway symptoms: prevalence and coâ morbidity. Respir Med. 2005; 99: 762 â 769.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGershwin ME, Ough C, Bock A, Fletcher MP, Nagy SM, Tuft DS. Grand rounds: adverse reactions to wine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985; 75: 411 â 420.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDahl R, Henriksen JM, Harving H. Red wine asthma: a controlled challenge study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986; 78: 1126 â 1129.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEmery NL, Vollmer WM, Buist AS, Osborne ML. Selfâ reported food reactions and their associations with asthma. West J Nurs Res. 1996; 18: 643 â 654.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRyden O, Andersson B, Andersson M. Disease perception and social behaviour in persistent rhinitis: a comparison between patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2004; 59: 461 â 464.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBergman H, Kallmen H. Alcohol use among Swedes and a psychometric evaluation of the alcohol use disorders identification test. Alcohol Alcohol. 2002; 37: 245 â 251.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLinneberg A, Petersen J, Nielsen NH, et al. The relationship of alcohol consumption to total immunoglobulin E and the development of immunoglobulin E sensitization: the Copenhagen Allergy Study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 192 â 198.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGonzalezâ Quintela A, Gude F, Boquete O, et al. Association of alcohol consumption with total serum immunoglobulin E levels and allergic sensitization in an adult populationâ based survey. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 199 â 205.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllis AK, Keith PK. Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2006; 6: 215 â 220.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacobs RL, Freedman PM, Boswell RN. Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia (NARES syndrome). Clinical and immunologic presentation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1981; 67: 253 â 262.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimola M, Malmberg H. Sense of smell in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Allergy. 1998; 53: 190 â 194.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoneretâ Vautrin DA, Jankowski R, Bene MC, et al. NARES: a model of inflammation caused by activated eosinophils ? Rhinology. 1992; 30: 161 â 168.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePowe DG, Huskisson RS, Carney AS, Jenkins D, Jones NS. Evidence for an inflammatory pathophysiology in idiopathic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 864 â 872.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger G, Goldberg A, Ophir D. The inferior turbinate mast cell population of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol. 1997; 11: 63 â 66.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDe Corso E, Baroni S, Lucidi D, et al. Nasal lavage levels of granulocyteâ macrophage colonyâ stimulating factor and chronic nasal hypereosinophilia. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 557 â 562.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDe Corso E, Baroni S, Battista M, et al. Nasal fluid release of eotaxinâ 3 and eotaxinâ 2 in persistent sinonasal eosinophilic inflammation. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4: 617 â 624.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKramer MF, Burow G, Pfrogner E, Rasp G. In vitro diagnosis of chronic nasal inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 1086 â 1092.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGroger M, Klemens C, Wendt S, et al. Mediators and cytokines in persistent allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012; 159: 171 â 178.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarcella R, Croce A, Moretti A, Barbacane RC, Di Giocchino M, Conti P. Transcription and translation of the chemokines RANTES and MCPâ 1 in nasal polyps and mucosa in allergic and nonâ allergic rhinopathies. Immunol Lett. 2003; 90: 71 â 75.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeric A, Sotirovic J, Spadijerâ Mirkovic C, Matkovicâ Jozin S, Peric AV, Vojvodic D. Nonselective chemokine levels in nasal secretions of patients with perennial nonallergic and allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6: 392 â 397.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNumao T, Agrawal DK. Neuropeptides modulate human eosinophil chemotaxis. J Immunol. 1992; 149: 3309 â 3315.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKramer MF, de la Chaux R, Fintelmann R, Rasp G. NARES: a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea ? Am J Otolaryngol. 2004; 25: 173 â 177.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePipkorn U, Proud D, Lichtenstein LM, Kageyâ Sobotka A, Norman PS, Naclerio RM. Inhibition of mediator release in allergic rhinitis by pretreatment with topical glucocorticosteroids. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316: 1506 â 1510.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBanov CH, Lieberman P, Vasomotor Rhinitis Study Group. Efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of vasomotor (perennial nonallergic) rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 86: 28 â 35.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSettipane RA. Epidemiology of vasomotor rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J. 2009; 2: 115 â 118.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMullarkey MF, Hill JS, Webb DR. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis: their characterization with attention to the meaning of nasal eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1980; 65: 122 â 126.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEnberg RN. Perennial nonallergic rhinitis: a retrospective review. Ann Allergy. 1989; 63: 513 â 516.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSegboer CL, Holland CT, Reinartz SM, et al. Nasal hyperâ reactivity is a common feature in both allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1427 â 1434.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJames LK, Durham SR. Rhinitis with negative skin tests and absent serum allergenâ specific IgE: more evidence for local IgE ? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124: 1012 â 1013.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCampo P, Rondon C, Gould HJ, Barrionuevo E, Gevaert P, Blanca M. Local IgE in nonâ allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45: 872 â 881.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEifan AO, Durham SR. Pathogenesis of rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2016; 46: 1139 â 1151.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein JA, Hastings L, Boespflug EL, Allendorfer JB, Lamy M, Eliassen JC. Alteration of brain activation patterns in nonallergic rhinitis patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment with intranasal azelastine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 106: 527 â 532.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSahinâ Yilmaz AA, Corey JP. Rhinitis in the elderly. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007; 19: 209 â 219.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEdelstein DR. Aging of the normal nose in adults. Laryngoscope. 1996; 106: 1 â 25.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLindemann J, Sannwald D, Wiesmiller K. Ageâ related changes in intranasal air conditioning in the elderly. Laryngoscope. 2008; 118: 1472 â 1475.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePinto JM, Jeswani S. Rhinitis in the geriatric population. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2010; 6: 10.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDelGaudio JM, Panella NJ. Presbynasalis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6: 1083 â 1087.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRodriguez K, Rubinstein E, Ferguson BJ. Clear anterior rhinorrhea in the population. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 1063 â 1067.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParashar R, Amir M, Pakhare A, Rathi P, Chaudhary L. Age related changes in autonomic functions. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10: CC11 â CC15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHotta H, Uchida S. Aging of the autonomic nervous system and possible improvements in autonomic activity using somatic afferent stimulation. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2010; 10 ( Suppl 1 ): S127 â S136.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLal D, Corey JP. Vasomotor rhinitis update. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 12: 243 â 247.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKimmelman CP, Ali GH. Vasomotor rhinitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1986; 19: 65 â 71.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaptist AP, Nyenhuis S. Rhinitis in the elderly. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36: 343 â 357.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJanzen VD. Rhinological disorders in the elderly. J Otolaryngol. 1986; 15: 228 â 230.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiftci Z, Catli T, Hanci D, Cingi C, Erdogan G. Rhinorrhoea in the elderly. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015; 272: 2587 â 2592.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBozek A. Pharmacological management of allergic rhinitis in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 2017; 34: 21 â 28.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHo JC, Chan KN, Hu WH, et al. The effect of aging on nasal mucociliary clearance, beat frequency, and ultrastructure of respiratory cilia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163: 983 â 988.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMirza N, Kroger H, Doty RL. Influence of age on the â nasal cycleâ . Laryngoscope. 1997; 107: 62 â 66.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSlavin RG. Treating rhinitis in the older population: special considerations. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2009; 5: 9.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchrodter S, Biermann E, Halata Z. Histological evaluation of ageâ related changes in human respiratory mucosa of the middle turbinate. Anat Embryol (Berl). 2003; 207: 19 â 27.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLoftus PA, Wise SK, Nieto D, Panella N, Aiken A, DelGaudio JM. Intranasal volume increases with age: computed tomography volumetric analysis in adults. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126: 2212 â 2215.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSlavin RG. Special considerations in treatment of allergic rhinitis in the elderly: role of intranasal corticosteroids. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2010; 31: 179 â 184.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWheatley LM, Togias A. Clinical practice. Allergic rhinitis. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372: 456 â 463.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSeidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, et al. Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis executive summary. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 152: 197 â 206.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScheithauer MO. Surgery of the turbinates and â empty noseâ syndrome. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010; 9: Doc03.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCoste A, Dessi P, Serrano E. Empty nose syndrome. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2012; 129: 93 â 97.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSozansky J, Houser SM. Pathophysiology of empty nose syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2015; 125: 70 â 74.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKuan EC, Suh JD, Wang MB. Empty nose syndrome. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015; 15: 493.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHouser SM. Surgical treatment for empty nose syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007; 133: 858 â 863.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZhao K, Blacker K, Luo Y, Bryant B, Jiang J. Perceiving nasal patency through mucosal cooling rather than air temperature or nasal resistance. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e24618.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZhao K, Jiang J, Blacker K, et al. Regional peak mucosal cooling predicts the perception of nasal patency. Laryngoscope. 2014; 124: 589 â 595.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWillatt DJ, Jones AS. The role of the temperature of the nasal lining in the sensation of nasal patency. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1996; 21: 519 â 523.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKimbell JS, Frank DO, Laud P, Garcia GJ, Rhee JS. Changes in nasal airflow and heat transfer correlate with symptom improvement after surgery for nasal obstruction. J Biomech. 2013; 46: 2634 â 2643.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLindemann J, Tsakiropoulou E, Scheithauer MO, Konstantinidis I, Wiesmiller KM. Impact of menthol inhalation on nasal mucosal temperature and nasal patency. Am J Rhinol. 2008; 22: 402 â 405.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVelasquez N, Thamboo A, Habib AR, Huang Z, Nayak JV. The Empty Nose Syndrome 6â Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q): a validated 6â item questionnaire as a diagnostic aid for empty nose syndrome patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2017; 7: 64 â 71.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee TJ, Fu CH, Wu CL, et al. Evaluation of depression and anxiety in empty nose syndrome after surgical treatment. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126: 1284 â 1289.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoore EJ, Kern EB. Atrophic rhinitis: a review of 242 cases. Am J Rhinol. 2001; 15: 355 â 361.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGoodman WS, De Souza FM. Atrophic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1973; 6: 773 â 782.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCottle MH. Nasal atrophy, atrophic rhinitis, ozena: medical and surgical treatment: repair of septal perforations. J Int Coll Surg. 1958; 29: 472 â 484.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHildenbrand T, Weber RK, Brehmer D. Rhinitis sicca, dry nose and atrophic rhinitis: a review of the literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011; 268: 17 â 26.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarnes PJ. Pathophysiology of allergic inflammation. Immunol Rev. 2011; 242: 31 â 50.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlobid I, Mullol J, Cid MC. Rhinitis of granulomatous and vasculitic diseases. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007; 19: 221 â 239.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSardana K, Goel K. Nasal septal ulceration. Clin Dermatol. 2014; 32: 817 â 826.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlobid I, Guilemany JM, Mullol J. Nasal manifestations of systemic illnesses. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2004; 4: 208 â 216.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWatts RA, Lane S, Scott DG. What is known about the epidemiology of the vasculitides ? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005; 19: 191 â 207.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGubbels SP, Barkhuizen A, Hwang PH. Head and neck manifestations of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2003; 36: 685 â 705.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMetaxaris G, Prokopakis EP, Karatzanis AD, et al. Otolaryngologic manifestations of small vessel vasculitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2002; 29: 353 â 356.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDiamantopoulos, II, Jones NS. The investigation of nasal septal perforations and ulcers. J Laryngol Otol. 2001; 115: 541 â 544.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrayson PC, Steiling K, Platt M, et al. Defining the nasal transcriptome in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s). Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015; 67: 2233 â 2239.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIzquierdoâ Dominguez A, Cordero Castillo A, Alobid I, Mullol J. Churgâ Strauss syndrome or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Sinusitis. 2015; 1: 24 â 43.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349: 36 â 44.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmith RM, Jones RB, Guerry MJ, et al. Rituximab for remission maintenance in relapsing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyâ associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64: 3760 â 3769.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChaigne B, Dion J, Guillevin L, Mouthon L, Terrier B. [Pathophysiology of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churgâ Strauss)]. Rev Med Interne. 2016; 37: 337 â 342. French.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGroh M, Pagnoux C, Baldini C, et al. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churgâ Strauss) (EGPA) Consensus Task Force recommendations for evaluation and management. Eur J Intern Med. 2015; 26: 545 â 553.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeogh KA, Specks U. Churgâ Strauss syndrome: clinical presentation, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and leukotriene receptor antagonists. Am J Med. 2003; 115: 284 â 290.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNoth I, Strek ME, Leff AR. Churgâ Strauss syndrome. Lancet. 2003; 361: 587 â 594.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGross WL. Churgâ Strauss syndrome: update on recent developments. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002; 14: 11 â 14.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim S, Marigowda G, Oren E, Israel E, Wechsler ME. Mepolizumab as a steroidâ sparing treatment option in patients with Churgâ Strauss syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: 1336 â 1343.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLong CM, Smith TL, Loehrl TA, Komorowski RA, Toohill RJ. Sinonasal disease in patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Rhinol. 2001; 15: 211 â 215.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValeyre D, Prasse A, Nunes H, Uzunhan Y, Brillet PY, Mullerâ Quernheim J. Sarcoidosis. Lancet. 2014; 383: 1155 â 1167.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRybicki BA, Major M, Popovich J Jr, Maliarik MJ, Iannuzzi MC. Racial differences in sarcoidosis incidence: a 5â year study in a health maintenance organization. Am J Epidemiol. 1997; 145: 234 â 241.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJudson MA. The clinical features of sarcoidosis: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015; 49: 63 â 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLawson W, Jiang N, Cheng J. Sinonasal sarcoidosis: a new system of classification acting as a guide to diagnosis and treatment. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014; 28: 317 â 322.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRottoli P, Bargagli E, Chidichimo C, et al. Sarcoidosis with upper respiratory tract involvement. Respir Med. 2006; 100: 253 â 257.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChapelonâ Abric C, Saadoun D, Biard L, et al. Longâ term outcome of infliximab in severe chronic and refractory systemic sarcoidosis: a report of 16 cases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015; 33: 509 â 515.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLisnevskaia L, Murphy G, Isenberg D. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 2014; 384: 1878 â 1888.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThong B, Olsen NJ. Systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis and management. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017; 56: i3 â i13.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDurcan L, Petri M. Immunomodulators in SLE: clinical evidence and immunologic actions. J Autoimmun. 2016; 74: 73 â 84.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGarcia A, De Sanctis JB. A review of clinical trials of belimumab in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Pharm Des. 2016; 22: 6306 â 6312.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMin YG. The pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2010; 2: 65 â 76.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKakli HA, Riley TD. Allergic rhinitis. Prim Care. 2016; 43: 465 â 475.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBenninger MS, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, et al. Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 129: S1 â S32.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Hamilos DL, Hadley JA, et al. Rhinosinusitis: establishing definitions for clinical research and patient care. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114: 155 â 212.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShapiro DJ, Gonzales R, Cabana MD, Hersh AL. National trends in visit rates and antibiotic prescribing for children with acute sinusitis. Pediatrics. 2011; 127: 28 â 34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTogias A. Systemic effects of local allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: S8 â S14.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePinart M, Benet M, Annesiâ Maesano I, et al. Comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma in IgEâ sensitised and nonâ IgEâ sensitised children in MeDALL: a populationâ based cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2014; 2: 131 â 140.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTogias AG. Systemic immunologic and inflammatory aspects of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: S247 â S250.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOsguthorpe JD. Pathophysiology of and potential new therapies for allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 384 â 392.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKulig M, Bergmann R, Klettke U, Wahn V, Tacke U, Wahn U. Natural course of sensitization to food and inhalant allergens during the first 6 years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103: 1173 â 1179.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChaplin DD. Overview of the immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: S3 â S23.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSin B, Togias A. Pathophysiology of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2011; 8: 106 â 114.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar R, Mori S, Ozu C, Kimura S. Overview on the pathomechanisms of allergic rhinitis. Asia Pac Allergy. 2011; 1: 157 â 167.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiu YJ. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: master switch for allergic inflammation. J Exp Med. 2006; 203: 269 â 273.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNurieva RI, Liu X, Dong C. Yinâ Yang of costimulation: crucial controls of immune tolerance and function. Immunol Rev. 2009; 229: 88 â 100.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeha RS. Regulation of IgE synthesis in humans. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 90: 143 â 150.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHenry AJ, Cook JP, McDonnell JM, et al. Participation of the Nâ terminal region of Cepsilon3 in the binding of human IgE to its highâ affinity receptor FcepsilonRI. Biochemistry. 1997; 36: 15568 â 15578.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePosa D, Hofmaier S, Arasi S, Matricardi PM. Natural evolution of IgE responses to mite allergens and relationship to progression of allergic disease: a review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017; 17: 28.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCameron L, Hamid Q, Wright E, et al. Local synthesis of epsilon germline gene transcripts, ILâ 4, and ILâ 13 in allergic nasal mucosa after ex vivo allergen exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: 46 â 52.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar R, Yamagishi S, Yagi T. Revisiting the roles of mast cells in allergic rhinitis and its relation to local IgE synthesis. Am J Rhinol. 2000; 14: 309 â 317.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePowe DG, Jagger C, Kleinjan A, Carney AS, Jenkins D, Jones NS. â Entopyâ : localized mucosal allergic disease in the absence of systemic responses for atopy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 1374 â 1379.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar R, Ra C. IgEâ Fc epsilonRIâ mast cell axis in the allergic cycle. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998; 28 ( Suppl 3 ): 6 â 14.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar R, Okuda M, Yssel H, Okumura K, Ra C. Nasal mast cells in perennial allergic rhinitics exhibit increased expression of the Fc epsilonRI, CD40L, ILâ 4, and ILâ 13, and can induce IgE synthesis in B cells. J Clin Invest. 1997; 99: 1492 â 1499.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePowe DG, Jones NS. Local mucosal immunoglobulin E production: does allergy exist in nonâ allergic rhinitis ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36: 1367 â 1372.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Bogas G, Barrionuevo E, Blanca M, Torres MJ, Campo P. Nonallergic rhinitis and lower airway disease. Allergy. 2017; 72: 24 â 34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScadding G, Hellings P, Alobid I, et al. Diagnostic tools in rhinology EAACI position paper. Clin Transl Allergy. 2011; 1: 2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFuiano N, Fusilli S, Passalacqua G, Incorvaia C. Allergenâ specific immunoglobulin E in the skin and nasal mucosa of symptomatic and asymptomatic children sensitized to aeroallergens. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010; 20: 425 â 430.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Campo P, Galindo L, et al. Prevalence and clinical relevance of local allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2012; 67: 1282 â 1288.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZicari AM, Occasi F, Di Fraia M, et al. Local allergic rhinitis in children: novel diagnostic features and potential biomarkers. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016; 30: 329 â 334.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDuman H, Bostanci I, Ozmen S, Dogru M. The relevance of nasal provocation testing in children with nonallergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2016; 170: 115 â 121.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlancaâ Lopez N, Campo P, Salas M, et al. Seasonal local allergic rhinitis in areas with high concentrations of grass pollen. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016; 26: 83 â 91.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuntarickpornpan P, Veskitkul J, Pacharn P, et al. The proportion of local allergic rhinitis to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016; 27: 574 â 579.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Campo P, Zambonino MA, et al. Followâ up study in local allergic rhinitis shows a consistent entity not evolving to systemic allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 1026 â 1031.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSennekamp J, Joest I, Filipiakâ Pittroff B, von Berg A, Berdel D. Local allergic nasal reactions convert to classic systemic allergic reactions: a longâ term followâ up. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2015; 166: 154 â 160.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Campo P, Blancaâ Lopez N, Torres MJ, Blanca M. More research is needed for local allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2015; 167: 99 â 100.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePowe DG, Huskisson RS, Carney AS, et al. Mucosal Tâ cell phenotypes in persistent atopic and nonatopic rhinitis show an association with mast cells. Allergy. 2004; 59: 204 â 212.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Dona I, Lopez S, et al. Seasonal idiopathic rhinitis with local inflammatory response and specific IgE in absence of systemic response. Allergy. 2008; 63: 1352 â 1358.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Romero JJ, Lopez S, et al. Local IgE production and positive nasal provocation test in patients with persistent nonallergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 119: 899 â 905.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWedback A, Enbom H, Eriksson NE, Moverare R, Malcus I. Seasonal nonâ allergic rhinitis (SNAR)â a new disease entity? A clinical and immunological comparison between SNAR, seasonal allergic rhinitis and persistent nonâ allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 2005; 43: 86 â 92.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHuggins KG, Brostoff J. Local production of specific IgE antibodies in allergicâ rhinitis patients with negative skin tests. Lancet. 1975; 2: 148 â 150.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBozek A, Ignasiak B, Kasperskaâ Zajac A, Scierski W, Grzanka A, Jarzab J. Local allergic rhinitis in elderly patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 114: 199 â 202.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlimek L, Bardenhewer C, Spielhaupter M, Harai C, Becker K, Pfaar O. [Local allergic rhinitis to Alternaria alternata: evidence for local IgE production exclusively in the nasal mucosa]. HNO. 2015; 63: 364 â 372. German.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLopez S, Rondon C, Torres MJ, et al. Immediate and dual response to nasal challenge with dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in local allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 1007 â 1014.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Fernandez J, Lopez S, et al. Nasal inflammatory mediators and specific IgE production after nasal challenge with grass pollen in local allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124: 1005 â 1011.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCampo P, Villalba M, Barrionuevo E, et al. Immunologic responses to the major allergen of olea europaea in local and systemic allergic rhinitis subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45: 1703 â 1712.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCoker HA, Durham SR, Gould HJ. Local somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients. J Immunol. 2003; 171: 5602 â 5610.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDurham SR, Gould HJ, Thienes CP, et al. Expression of epsilon germâ line gene transcripts and mRNA for the epsilon heavy chain of IgE in nasal B cells and the effects of topical corticosteroid. Eur J Immunol. 1997; 27: 2899 â 2906.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlattsâ Mills TA. Local production of IgG, IgA and IgE antibodies in grass pollen hay fever. J Immunol. 1979; 122: 2218 â 2225.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTakhar P, Smurthwaite L, Coker HA, et al. Allergen drives class switching to IgE in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis. J Immunol. 2005; 174: 5024 â 5032.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYing S, Humbert M, Meng Q, et al. Local expression of epsilon germline gene transcripts and RNA for the epsilon heavy chain of IgE in the bronchial mucosa in atopic and nonatopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 686 â 692.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceErazo A, Kutchukhidze N, Leung M, et al. Unique maturation program of the IgE response in vivo. Immunity. 2007; 26: 191 â 203.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCameron L, Gounni AS, Frenkiel S, Lavigne F, Vercelli D, Hamid Q. S epsilon S mu and S epsilon S gamma switch circles in human nasal mucosa following ex vivo allergen challenge: evidence for direct as well as sequential class switch recombination. J Immunol. 2003; 171: 3816 â 3822.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmurthwaite L, Walker SN, Wilson DR, et al. Persistent IgE synthesis in the nasal mucosa of hay fever patients. Eur J Immunol. 2001; 31: 3422 â 3431.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDullaers M, De Bruyne R, Ramadani F, Gould HJ, Gevaert P, Lambrecht BN. The who, where, and when of IgE in allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 635 â 645.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGomez E, Campo P, Rondon C, et al. Role of the basophil activation test in the diagnosis of local allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132: 975 â 976.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePapadopoulos NG, Bernstein JA, Demoly P, et al. Phenotypes and endotypes of rhinitis and their impact on management: a PRACTALL report. Allergy. 2015; 70: 474 â 494.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceToppilaâ Salmi S, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ, et al. Molecular mechanisms of nasal epithelium in rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015; 15: 495.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOppenheimer J, Nelson HS. Skin testing: a survey of allergists. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 96: 19 â 23.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBashir ME, Ward JM, Cummings M, et al. Dual function of novel pollen coat (surface) proteins: IgEâ binding capacity and proteolytic activity disrupting the airway epithelial barrier. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e53337.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSteelant B, Farre R, Wawrzyniak P, et al. Impaired barrier function in patients with house dust miteâ induced allergic rhinitis is accompanied by decreased occludin and zonula occludensâ 1 expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 1043 â 1053. e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Tongeren J, Golebski K, Van Egmond D, de Groot EJ, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. Synergy between TLRâ 2 and TLRâ 3 signaling in primary human nasal epithelial cells. Immunobiology. 2015; 220: 445 â 451.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRadman M, Golshiri A, Shamsizadeh A, et al. Tollâ like receptor 4 plays significant roles during allergic rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015; 43: 416 â 420.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Tongeren J, Roschmann KI, Reinartz SM, et al. Expression profiling and functional analysis of Tollâ like receptors in primary healthy human nasal epithelial cells shows no correlation and a refractory LPS response. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015; 5: 42.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVroling AB, Jonker MJ, Luiten S, Breit TM, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. Primary nasal epithelium exposed to house dust mite extract shows activated expression in allergic individuals. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008; 38: 293 â 299.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGolebski K, van Egmond D, de Groot EJ, Roschmann KI, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. EGRâ 1 and DUSPâ 1 are important negative regulators of proâ allergic responses in airway epithelium. Mol Immunol. 2015; 65: 43 â 50.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMjosberg JM, Trifari S, Crellin NK, et al. Human ILâ 25â and ILâ 33â responsive type 2 innate lymphoid cells are defined by expression of CRTH2 and CD161. Nat Immunol. 2011; 12: 1055 â 1062.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMatsushita K, Kato Y, Akasaki S, Yoshimoto T. Proallergic cytokines and group 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic nasal diseases. Allergol Int. 2015; 64: 235 â 240.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBartemes KR, Kephart GM, Fox SJ, Kita H. Enhanced innate type 2 immune response in peripheral blood from patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 671 â 678.e4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarta MR, Broide DH, Doherty TA. Insights into group 2 innate lymphoid cells in human airway disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16: 8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDoherty TA, Scott D, Walford HH, et al. Allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis rapidly induces increased peripheral blood type 2 innate lymphoid cells that express CD84. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 1203 â 1205.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaoâ Araya M, Steveling E, Scadding GW, Durham SR, Shamji MH. Seasonal increases in peripheral innate lymphoid type 2 cells are inhibited by subcutaneous grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 1193 â 1195.e4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSteelant B, Seys SF, Boeckxstaens G, Akdis CA, Ceuppens JL, Hellings PW. Restoring airway epithelial barrier dysfunction: a new therapeutic challenge in allergic airway disease. Rhinology. 2016; 54: 195 â 205.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMelvin TA, Ramanathan M Jr. Role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012; 20: 194 â 198.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGenuneit J, Seibold AM, Apfelbacher CJ, et al. Overview of systematic reviews in allergy epidemiology. Allergy. 2017; 72: 849 â 856.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNg CL, Wang DY. Latest developments in allergic rhinitis in Allergy for clinicians and researchers. Allergy. 2015; 70: 1521 â 1530.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHirsch AG, Yan XS, Sundaresan AS, et al. Fiveâ year risk of incident disease following a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2015; 70: 1613 â 1621.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkdis CA, Bachert C, Cingi C, et al. Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: a PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 1479 â 1490.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShim E, Lee E, Yang SI, et al. The association of lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and exhaled nitric oxide differs between atopic and nonâ atopic asthma in children. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2015; 7: 339 â 345.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAgache I, Sugita K, Morita H, Akdis M, Akdis CA. The complex type 2 endotype in allergy and asthma: from laboratory to bedside. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015; 15: 29.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTan HT, Sugita K, Akdis CA. Novel biologicals for the treatment of allergic diseases and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16: 70.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSoyka MB, Wawrzyniak P, Eiwegger T, et al. Defective epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis: the regulation of tight junctions by IFNâ γ and ILâ 4. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 1087 â 1096.e10.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWawrzyniak P, Wawrzyniak M, Wanke K, et al. Regulation of bronchial epithelial barrier integrity by type 2 cytokines and histone deacetylases in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 139: 93 â 103.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraunstahl GJ, Fokkens W. Nasal involvement in allergic asthma. Allergy. 2003; 58: 1235 â 1243.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIzuhara Y, Matsumoto H, Nagasaki T, et al. Mouth breathing, another risk factor for asthma: the Nagahama Study. Allergy. 2016; 71: 1031 â 1036.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFogg MI, Ruchelli E, Spergel JM. Pollen and eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 112: 796 â 797.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBagnasco M, Mariani G, Passalacqua G, et al. Absorption and distribution kinetics of the major Parietaria judaica allergen (Par j 1) administered by noninjectable routes in healthy human beings. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997; 100: 122 â 129.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraunstahl GJ. United airways concept: what does it teach us about systemic inflammation in airways disease ? Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009; 6: 652 â 654.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRimmer J, Hellgren J, Harvey RJ. Simulated postnasal mucus fails to reproduce the symptoms of postnasal drip in rhinitics but only in healthy subjects. Rhinology. 2015; 53: 129 â 134.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraunstahl GJ, Kleinjan A, Overbeek SE, Prins JB, Hoogsteden HC, Fokkens WJ. Segmental bronchial provocation induces nasal inflammation in allergic rhinitis patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 161: 2051 â 2057.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraunstahl GJ, Overbeek SE, Fokkens WJ, et al. Segmental bronchoprovocation in allergic rhinitis patients affects mast cell and basophil numbers in nasal and bronchial mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 164: 858 â 865.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraunstahl GJ, Overbeek SE, Kleinjan A, Prins JB, Hoogsteden HC, Fokkens WJ. Nasal allergen provocation induces adhesion molecule expression and tissue eosinophilia in upper and lower airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 469 â 476.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllakhverdi Z, Comeau MR, Smith DE, et al. CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells are potent effectors of allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 123: 472 â 478.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSergejeva S, Malmhall C, Lotvall J, Pullerits T. Increased number of CD34+ cells in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients: inhibition by a local corticosteroid. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 34 â 38.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMuraro A, Lemanske RF Jr, Hellings PW, et al. Precision medicine in patients with allergic diseases: airway diseases and atopic dermatitisâ PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 1347 â 1358.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkdis M, Aab A, Altunbulakli C, et al. Interleukins (from ILâ 1 to ILâ 38), interferons, transforming growth factor beta, and TNFâ alpha: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138: 984 â 1010.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchuijs MJ, Willart MA, Vergote K, et al. Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells. Science. 2015; 349: 1106 â 1110.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol. 2015; 16: 45 â 56.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVareille M, Kieninger E, Edwards MR, Regamey N. The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011; 24: 210 â 229.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKleinJan A, Willart M, van Rijt LS, et al. An essential role for dendritic cells in human and experimental allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 118: 1117 â 1125.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnnunziato F, Romagnani C, Romagnani S. The 3 major types of innate and adaptive cellâ mediated effector immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135: 626 â 635.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDurham SR, Ying S, Varney VA, et al. Cytokine messenger RNA expression for ILâ 3, ILâ 4, ILâ 5, and granulocyte/macrophageâ colonyâ stimulating factor in the nasal mucosa after local allergen provocation: relationship to tissue eosinophilia. J Immunol. 1992; 148: 2390 â 2394.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSogut A, Yilmaz O, Kirmaz C, et al. Regulatoryâ T, Tâ helper 1, and Tâ helper 2 cell differentiation in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis with olive pollen sensitivity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012; 157: 349 â 353.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar RU, Okuda M, Okubo K, Ra C. Lymphocyte subsets of the nasal mucosa in perennial allergic rhinitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 152: 2049 â 2058.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkdis M. Healthy immune response to allergens: T regulatory cells and more. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006; 18: 738 â 744.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKubo T, Wawrzyniak P, Morita H, et al. CpGâ DNA enhances the tight junction integrity of the bronchial epithelial cell barrier. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 1413 â 1416.e8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeoras SN, Rezaee F. Epithelial barrier function: at the front line of asthma immunology and allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 509 â 520.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkdis M, Akdis CA. Therapeutic manipulation of immune tolerance in allergic disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009; 8: 645 â 660.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRaedler D, Ballenberger N, Klucker E, et al. Identification of novel immune phenotypes for allergic and nonallergic childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135: 81 â 91.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkdis M, Verhagen J, Taylor A, et al. Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergenâ specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Exp Med. 2004; 199: 1567 â 1575.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuarezâ Fueyo A, Ramos T, Galan A, et al. Grass tablet sublingual immunotherapy downregulates the TH2 cytokine response followed by regulatory Tâ cell generation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 130 â 138.e2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFox EM, Torrero MN, Evans H, Mitre E. Immunologic characterization of 3 murine regimens of allergenâ specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135: 1341 â 1351.e7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkdis CA, Akdis M. Advances in allergen immunotherapy: aiming for complete tolerance to allergens. Sci Transl Med. 2015; 7: 280 ps286.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDoherty TA, Baum R, Newbury RO, et al. Group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2) are enriched in active eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 792 â 794.e3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorita H, Arae K, Unno H, et al. An interleukinâ 33â mast cellâ interleukinâ 2 axis suppresses papainâ induced allergic inflammation by promoting regulatory T cell numbers. Immunity. 2015; 43: 175 â 186.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGanzer U, Bachert C. Localization of IgE synthesis in immediateâ type allergy of the upper respiratory tract. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1988; 50: 257 â 264.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKleinJan A, Vinke JG, Severijnen LW, Fokkens WJ. Local production and detection of (specific) IgE in nasal Bâ cells and plasma cells of allergic rhinitis patients. Eur Respir J. 2000; 15: 491 â 497.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGevaert P, Holtappels G, Johansson SG, Cuvelier C, Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Organization of secondary lymphoid tissue and local IgE formation to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyp tissue. Allergy. 2005; 60: 71 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBentley AM, Jacobson MR, Cumberworth V, et al. Immunohistology of the nasal mucosa in seasonal allergic rhinitis: increases in activated eosinophils and epithelial mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 89: 877 â 883.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKleinJan A, McEuen AR, Dijkstra MD, Buckley MG, Walls AF, Fokkens WJ. Basophil and eosinophil accumulation and mast cell degranulation in the nasal mucosa of patients with hay fever after local allergen provocation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: 677 â 686.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGomez E, Corrado OJ, Baldwin DL, Swanston AR, Davies RJ. Direct in vivo evidence for mast cell degranulation during allergenâ induced reactions in man. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986; 78: 637 â 645.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaenuki Y, Matsushita K, Futatsugiâ Yumikura S, et al. A critical role of ILâ 33 in experimental allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 184 â 194.e11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSemikâ Orzech A, Barczyk A, Wiaderkiewicz R, Pierzchala W. Eotaxin, but not ILâ 8, is increased in upper and lower airways of allergic rhinitis subjects after nasal allergen challenge. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011; 32: 230 â 238.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim TH, Lee JY, Lee HM, et al. Remodelling of nasal mucosa in mild and severe persistent allergic rhinitis with special reference to the distribution of collagen, proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 1742 â 1754.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar R. Mast cells in allergic airway disease and chronic rhinosinusitis. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2005; 87: 111 â 129.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePowe DG, Hiskisson RS, Carney AS, Jenkins D, Jones NS. Idiopathic and allergic rhinitis show a similar inflammatory response. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2000; 25: 570 â 576.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScadding GW, Calderon MA, Bellido V, et al. Optimisation of grass pollen nasal allergen challenge for assessment of clinical and immunological outcomes. J Immunol Methods. 2012; 384: 25 â 32.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceErin EM, Zacharasiewicz AS, Nicholson GC, et al. Topical corticosteroid inhibits interleukinâ 4, â 5 and â 13 in nasal secretions following allergen challenge. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 1608 â 1614.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceErin EM, Leaker BR, Zacharasiewicz AS, et al. Single dose topical corticosteroid inhibits ILâ 5 and ILâ 13 in nasal lavage following grass pollen challenge. Allergy. 2005; 60: 1524 â 1529.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSim TC, Reece LM, Hilsmeier KA, Grant JA, Alam R. Secretion of chemokines and other cytokines in allergenâ induced nasal responses: inhibition by topical steroid treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 152: 927 â 933.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTerada N, Hamano N, Kim WJ, et al. The kinetics of allergenâ induced eotaxin level in nasal lavage fluid: its key role in eosinophil recruitment in nasal mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 164: 575 â 579.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson AM, Duong M, Crawford L, Denburg J. An evaluation of peripheral blood eosinophil/basophil progenitors following nasal allergen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 39 â 44.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBradding P, Holgate ST. The mast cell as a source of cytokines in asthma. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996; 796: 272 â 281.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar RU, Okuda M, Hasegawa S, et al. Interleukinâ 13 expression in the nasal mucosa of perennial allergic rhinitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 152: 2059 â 2067.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmurthwaite L, Durham SR. Local IgE synthesis in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2002; 2: 231 â 238.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar R. Epithelial cells as immunoregulators in allergic airway diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 2: 1 â 5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiconaâ Limon P, Kim LK, Palm NW, Flavell RA. TH2, allergy and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol. 2013; 14: 536 â 542.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYing S, O’Connor B, Ratoff J, et al. Expression and cellular provenance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and chemokines in patients with severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Immunol. 2008; 181: 2790 â 2798.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Heinzerling L, Bachert C, et al. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens. Allergy. 2012; 67: 18 â 24.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKimura S, Pawankar R, Mori S, et al. Increased expression and role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in nasal polyposis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2011; 3: 186 â 193.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsaka D, Yoshikawa M, Nakayama T, Yoshimura T, Moriyama H, Otori N. Elevated levels of interleukinâ 33 in the nasal secretions of patients with allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012; 158 ( Suppl 1 ): 47 â 50.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOkayama Y, Okumura S, Sagara H, et al. FcepsilonRIâ mediated thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by interleukinâ 4â primed human mast cells. Eur Respir J. 2009; 34: 425 â 435.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNakamaru Y, Oridate N, Nishihira J, Takagi D, Furuta Y, Fukuda S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in allergic rhinitis: its identification in eosinophils at the site of inflammation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2004; 113: 205 â 209.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKobayashi H, Gleich GJ, Butterfield JH, Kita H. Human eosinophils produce neurotrophins and secrete nerve growth factor on immunologic stimuli. Blood. 2002; 99: 2214 â 2220.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFigueroa DJ, Borish L, Baramki D, Philip G, Austin CP, Evans JF. Expression of cysteinyl leukotriene synthetic and signalling proteins in inflammatory cells in active seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 1380 â 1388.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSanderson CJ. Interleukinâ 5, eosinophils, and disease. Blood. 1992; 79: 3101 â 3109.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePawankar R. Inflammatory mechanisms in allergic rhinitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 7: 1 â 4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNonaka M, Pawankar R, Fukumoto A, Ogihara N, Sakanushi A, Yagi T. Induction of eotaxin production by interleukinâ 4, interleukinâ 13 and lipopolysaccharide by nasal fibroblasts. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 804 â 811.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNair P, Pizzichini MM, Kjarsgaard M, et al. Mepolizumab for prednisoneâ dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 985 â 993.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiossec P, Korn T, Kuchroo VK. Interleukinâ 17 and type 17 helper T cells. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361: 888 â 898.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHan D, Wang C, Lou W, Gu Y, Wang Y, Zhang L. Allergenâ specific ILâ 10â secreting type I T regulatory cells, but not CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells, are decreased in peripheral blood of patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. Clin Immunol. 2010; 136: 292 â 301.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaumann R, Rabaszowski M, Stenin I, et al. Comparison of the nasal release of ILâ 4, ILâ 10, ILâ 17, CCL13/MCPâ 4, and CCL26/eotaxinâ 3 in allergic rhinitis during season and after allergen challenge. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013; 27: 266 â 272.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiu Y, Yu HJ, Wang N, et al. Clara cell 10â kDa protein inhibits T(H)17 responses through modulating dendritic cells in the setting of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 387 â 394.e12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang DY, Li Y, Yan Y, Li C, Shi L. Upper airway stem cells: understanding the nose and role for future cell therapy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015; 15: 490.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAkira S. Pathogen recognition by innate immunity and its signaling. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2009; 85: 143 â 156.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLim MC, Taylor RM, Naclerio RM. The histology of allergic rhinitis and its comparison to cellular changes in nasal lavage. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 151: 136 â 144.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmin K, Rinne J, Haahtela T, et al. Inflammatory cell and epithelial characteristics of perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis with a symptom history of 1 to 3 yearsâ duration. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 249 â 257.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCalderon MA, Lozewicz S, Prior A, Jordan S, Trigg CJ, Davies RJ. Lymphocyte infiltration and thickness of the nasal mucous membrane in perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994; 93: 635 â 643.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGao T, Ng CL, Li C, et al. Smoking is an independent association of squamous metaplasia in Chinese nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6: 66 â 74.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZhao L, Li YY, Li CW, et al. Increase of poorly proliferated p63+ /Ki67+ basal cells forming multiple layers in the aberrant remodeled epithelium in nasal polyps. Allergy. 2017; 72: 975 â 984.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi YY, Li CW, Chao SS, et al. Impairment of cilia architecture and ciliogenesis in hyperplastic nasal epithelium from nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 1282 â 1292.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEifan AO, Orban NT, Jacobson MR, Durham SR. Severe persistent allergic rhinitis. Inflammation but no histologic features of structural upper airway remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015; 192: 1431 â 1439.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Jacot W, Vignola AM, Bachert C, Van Cauwenberge P. Allergic rhinitis: a disease remodeling the upper airways ? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 43 â 49.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSvensson C, Andersson M, Greiff L, Alkner U, Persson CG. Exudative hyperresponsiveness of the airway microcirculation in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995; 25: 942 â 950.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSajjan U, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Gruenert DC, Hershenson MB. Rhinovirus disrupts the barrier function of polarized airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 178: 1271 â 1281.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceComstock AT, Ganesan S, Chattoraj A, et al. Rhinovirusâ induced barrier dysfunction in polarized airway epithelial cells is mediated by NADPH oxidase 1. J Virol. 2011; 85: 6795 â 6808.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCoyne CB, Shen L, Turner JR, Bergelson JM. Coxsackievirus entry across epithelial tight junctions requires occludin and the small GTPases Rab34 and Rab5. Cell Host Microbe. 2007; 2: 181 â 192.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVercelli D. Discovering susceptibility genes for asthma and allergy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008; 8: 169 â 182.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePortelli MA, Hodge E, Sayers I. Genetic risk factors for the development of allergic disease identified by genomeâ wide association. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45: 21 â 31.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePost S, Nawijn MC, Hackett TL, et al. The composition of house dust mite is critical for mucosal barrier dysfunction and allergic sensitisation. Thorax. 2012; 67: 488 â 495.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeoras SN, Rezaee F, Lerner L, Beck L. Dangerous allergens: why some allergens are bad actors. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2010; 10: 92 â 98.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMinshall E, Ghaffar O, Cameron L, et al. Assessment by nasal biopsy of longâ term use of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray (Nasonex) in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998; 118: 648 â 654.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceToppilaâ Salmi S, Renkonen J, Joenvaara S, Mattila P, Renkonen R. Allergen interactions with epithelium. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 11: 29 â 32.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRenkonen J, Mattila P, Lehti S, et al. Birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 binds to and is transported through conjunctival epithelium in allergic patients. Allergy. 2009; 64: 868 â 875.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMattila P, Renkonen J, Toppilaâ Salmi S, et al. Timeâ series nasal epithelial transcriptomics during natural pollen exposure in healthy subjects and allergic patients. Allergy. 2010; 65: 175 â 183.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMattila K, Renkonen R. Modelling of Bet v 1 binding to lipids. Scand J Immunol. 2009; 70: 116 â 124.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLey RE, Peterson DA, Gordon JI. Ecological and evolutionary forces shaping microbial diversity in the human intestine. Cell. 2006; 124: 837 â 848.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiiser A. The human microbiome, asthma, and allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2015; 11: 35.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBendiks M, Kopp MV. The relationship between advances in understanding the microbiome and the maturing hygiene hypothesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013; 13: 487 â 494.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePrince BT, Mandel MJ, Nadeau K, Singh AM. Gut microbiome and the development of food allergy and allergic disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015; 62: 1479 â 1492.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarimi K, Inman MD, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P. Lactobacillus reuteri â induced regulatory T cells protect against an allergic airway response in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009; 179: 186 â 193.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNoverr MC, Huffnagle GB. The â microflora hypothesisâ of allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 1511 â 1520.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAbrahamsson TR, Jakobsson HE, Andersson AF, Bjorksten B, Engstrand L, Jenmalm MC. Low gut microbiota diversity in early infancy precedes asthma at school age. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014; 44: 842 â 850.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSjogren YM, Jenmalm MC, Bottcher MF, Bjorksten B, Sverremarkâ Ekstrom E. Altered early infant gut microbiota in children developing allergy up to 5 years of age. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009; 39: 518 â 526.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMelli LC, do Carmoâ Rodrigues MS, Araujoâ Filho HB, Sole D, de Morais MB. Intestinal microbiota and allergic diseases: a systematic review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016; 44: 177 â 188.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFujimura KE, Sitarik AR, Havstad S, et al. Neonatal gut microbiota associates with childhood multisensitized atopy and T cell differentiation. Nat Med. 2016; 22: 1187 â 1191.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIpci K, Altintoprak N, Muluk NB, Senturk M, Cingi C. The possible mechanisms of the human microbiome in allergic diseases. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 274: 617 â 626.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenders J, Thijs C, van den Brandt PA, et al. Gut microbiota composition and development of atopic manifestations in infancy: the KOALA birth cohort study. Gut. 2007; 56: 661 â 667.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdlerberth I, Strachan DP, Matricardi PM, et al. Gut microbiota and development of atopic eczema in 3 European birth cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: 343 â 350.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBisgaard H, Li N, Bonnelykke K, et al. Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 128: 646 â 652.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohansson MA, Sjogren YM, Persson JO, Nilsson C, Sverremarkâ Ekstrom E. Early colonization with a group of Lactobacilli decreases the risk for allergy at five years of age despite allergic heredity. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e23031.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLan F, Zhang N, Gevaert E, Zhang L, Bachert C. Viruses and bacteria in Th2â biased allergic airway disease. Allergy. 2016; 71: 1381 â 1392.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBroder I, Barlow PP, Horton RJ. The epidemiology of asthma and hay fever in a total community, Tecumseh, Michigan. I. Description of study and general findings. J Allergy. 1962; 33: 513 â 523.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTurkeltaub PC, Gergen PJ. Prevalence of upper and lower respiratory conditions in the US population by social and environmental factors: data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976 to 1980 (NHANES II). Ann Allergy. 1991; 67: 147 â 154.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSalo PM, Calatroni A, Gergen PJ, et al. Allergyâ related outcomes in relation to serum IgE: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005â 2006. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127: 1226 â 1235.e7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVariations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, selfâ reported asthma attacks, and use of asthma medication in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Eur Respir J. 1996; 9: 687 â 695.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet PJ, Leynaert B, Neukirch F, et al. Geographical distribution of atopic rhinitis in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I. Allergy. 2008; 63: 1301 â 1309.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWuthrich B, Schindler C, Leuenberger P, Ackermannâ Liebrich U. Prevalence of atopy and pollinosis in the adult population of Switzerland (SAPALDIA study). Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1995; 106: 149 â 156.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJarvis D, Newson R, Lotvall J, et al. Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: the GA2LEN survey in Europe. Allergy. 2012; 67: 91 â 98.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUpton MN, McConnachie A, McSharry C, et al. Intergenerational 20 year trends in the prevalence of asthma and hay fever in adults: the Midspan family study surveys of parents and offspring. BMJ. 2000; 321: 88 â 92.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeat JK, Haby M, Spijker J, Berry G, Woolcock AJ. Prevalence of asthma in adults in Busselton, Western Australia. BMJ. 1992; 305: 1326 â 1329.
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Marco R, Cappa V, Accordini S, et al. Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010. Eur Respir J. 2012; 39: 883 â 892.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang XD, Zheng M, Lou HF, et al. An increased prevalence of selfâ reported allergic rhinitis in major Chinese cities from 2005 to 2011. Allergy. 2016; 71: 1170 â 1180.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBjerg A, Ekerljung L, Middelveld R, et al. Increased prevalence of symptoms of rhinitis but not of asthma between 1990 and 2008 in Swedish adults: comparisons of the ECRHS and GA(2)LEN surveys. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e16082.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEriksson J, Ekerljung L, Ronmark E, et al. Update of prevalence of selfâ reported allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal symptoms among adults in Sweden. Clin Respir J. 2012; 6: 159 â 168.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBiagini JM, LeMasters GK, Ryan PH, et al. Environmental risk factors of rhinitis in early infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006; 17: 278 â 284.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHerr M, Just J, Nikasinovic L, et al. Risk factors and characteristics of respiratory and allergic phenotypes in early childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 389 â 396.e4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHill DA, Grundmeier RW, Ram G, Spergel JM. The epidemiologic characteristics of healthcare providerâ diagnosed eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy in children: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2016; 16: 133.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKulig M, Klettke U, Wahn V, Forster J, Bauer CP, Wahn U. Development of seasonal allergic rhinitis during the first 7 years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: 832 â 839.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKurukulaaratchy RJ, Karmaus W, Raza A, Matthews S, Roberts G, Arshad SH. The influence of gender and atopy on the natural history of rhinitis in the first 18 years of life. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011; 41: 851 â 859.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWestman M, Lupinek C, Bousquet J, et al. Early childhood IgE reactivity to pathogenesisâ related class 10 proteins predicts allergic rhinitis in adolescence. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135: 1199 â 1206.e11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWestman M, Stjarne P, Asarnoj A, et al. Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 403 â 408.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBjorksten B, Clayton T, Ellwood P, Stewart A, Strachan D, ISAAC phase III study group. Worldwide time trends for symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis: Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008; 19: 110 â 124.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePols DH, Wartna JB, van Alphen EI, et al. Interrelationships between atopic disorders in children: a metaâ analysis based on ISAAC questionnaires. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0131869.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E, et al. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2013; 41: 73 â 85.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeinmayr G, Forastiere F, Weiland SK, et al. International variation in prevalence of rhinitis and its relationship with sensitisation to perennial and seasonal allergens. Eur Respir J. 2008; 32: 1250 â 1261.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim J, Han Y, Seo SC, et al. Association of carbon monoxide levels with allergic diseases in children. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016; 37: e1 â e7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi CW, Chen DD, Zhong JT, et al. Epidemiological characterization and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in the general population in Guangzhou City in china. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e114950.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAhn JC, Kim JW, Lee CH, Rhee CS. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitus, allergic rhinitis, and nasal septal deviation: results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008â 2012. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016; 142: 162 â 167.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSong WJ, Sohn KH, Kang MG, et al. Urbanâ rural differences in the prevalence of allergen sensitization and selfâ reported rhinitis in the elderly population. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 114: 455 â 461.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceToth I, Peternel R, Gajnik D, Vojnikovic B. Microâ regional hypersensitivity variations to inhalant allergens in the city of Zagreb and Zagreb County. Coll Antropol. 2011; 35 ( Suppl 2 ): 31 â 37.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceErbas B, Lowe AJ, Lodge CJ, et al. Persistent pollen exposure during infancy is associated with increased risk of subsequent childhood asthma and hayfever. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013; 43: 337 â 343.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeggs PJ, Katelaris CH, Medek D, et al. Differences in grass pollen allergen exposure across Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2015; 39: 51 â 55.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWestman M, Kull I, Lind T, et al. The link between parental allergy and offspring allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1571 â 1578.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThomsen SF, Ulrik CS, Kyvik KO, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to hay fever among young adult twins. Respir Med. 2006; 100: 2177 â 2182.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRasanen M, Laitinen T, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Laitinen LA. Hay feverâ a Finnish nationwide study of adolescent twins and their parents. Allergy. 1998; 53: 885 â 890.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFerreira MA, Matheson MC, Tang CS, et al. Genomeâ wide association analysis identifies 11 risk variants associated with the asthma with hay fever phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 1564 â 1571.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHinds DA, McMahon G, Kiefer AK, et al. A genomeâ wide association metaâ analysis of selfâ reported allergy identifies shared and allergyâ specific susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2013; 45: 907 â 911.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRamasamy A, Curjuric I, Coin LJ, et al. A genomeâ wide metaâ analysis of genetic variants associated with allergic rhinitis and grass sensitization and their interaction with birth order. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 128: 996 â 1005.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFerreira MA, Matheson MC, Duffy DL, et al. Identification of IL6R and chromosome 11q13.5 as risk loci for asthma. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1006 â 1014.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeidinger S, Willisâ Owen SA, Kamatani Y, et al. A genomeâ wide association study of atopic dermatitis identifies loci with overlapping effects on asthma and psoriasis. Hum Mol Genet. 2013; 22: 4841 â 4856.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarenholz I, Esparzaâ Gordillo J, Ruschendorf F, et al. Metaâ analysis identifies seven susceptibility loci involved in the atopic march. Nat Commun. 2015; 6: 8804.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStockis J, Colau D, Coulie PG, Lucas S. Membrane protein GARP is a receptor for latent TGFâ beta on the surface of activated human Treg. Eur J Immunol. 2009; 39: 3315 â 3322.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBonnelykke K, Matheson MC, Pers TH, et al. Metaâ analysis of genomeâ wide association studies identifies ten loci influencing allergic sensitization. Nat Genet. 2013; 45: 902 â 906.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHenmyr V, Lindâ Hallden C, Carlberg D, et al. Characterization of genetic variation in TLR8 in relation to allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2016; 71: 333 â 341.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBonnelykke K, Sparks R, Waage J, Milner JD. Genetics of allergy and allergic sensitization: common variants, rare mutations. Curr Opin Immunol. 2015; 36: 115 â 126.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDavila I, Mullol J, Ferrer M, et al. Genetic aspects of allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19 ( Suppl 1 ): 25 â 31.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndiappan AK, Nilsson D, Hallden C, et al. Investigating highly replicated asthma genes as candidate genes for allergic rhinitis. BMC Med Genet. 2013; 14: 51.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNilsson D, Andiappan AK, Hallden C, et al. Tollâ like receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with allergic rhinitis: a case control study. BMC Med Genet. 2012; 13: 66.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKang I, Oh YK, Lee SH, Jung HM, Chae SC, Lee JH. Identification of polymorphisms in the Tollâ like receptor gene and the association with allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010; 267: 385 â 389.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKormann MS, Ferstl R, Depner M, et al. Rare TLR2 mutations reduce TLR2 receptor function and can increase atopy risk. Allergy. 2009; 64: 636 â 642.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMollerâ Larsen S, Nyegaard M, Haagerup A, Vestbo J, Kruse TA, Borglum AD. Association analysis identifies TLR7 and TLR8 as novel risk genes in asthma and related disorders. Thorax. 2008; 63: 1064 â 1069.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSun Q, Liu Y, Zhang S, et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis risk: a systematic review and metaâ analysis with 6351 cases and 11472 controls. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8: 15752 â 15758.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJin P, Andiappan AK, Quek JM, et al. A functional brainâ derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variant increases the risk of moderateâ toâ severe allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135: 1486 â 1493.e8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNilsson D, Andiappan AK, Hallden C, et al. Poor reproducibility of allergic rhinitis SNP associations. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e53975.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJoubert BR, Felix JF, Yousefi P, et al. DNA methylation in newborns and maternal smoking in pregnancy: genomeâ wide consortium metaâ analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 2016; 98: 680 â 696.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGruzieva O, Xu CJ, Breton CV, et al. Epigenomeâ wide metaâ analysis of methylation in children related to prenatal NO 2 air pollution exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2017; 125: 104 â 110.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi JY, Zhang Y, Lin XP, et al. Association between DNA hypomethylation at IL13 gene and allergic rhinitis in house dust, miteâ sensitized subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2016; 46: 298 â 307.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNestor CE, Barrenas F, Wang H, et al. DNA methylation changes separate allergic patients from healthy controls and may reflect altered CD4+ Tâ cell population structure. PLoS Genet. 2014; 10: e1004059.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSarnowski C, Laprise C, Malerba G, et al. DNA methylation within melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) mediates paternally transmitted genetic variant effect on asthma plus rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138: 748 â 753.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiang L, Willisâ Owen SA, Laprise C, et al. An epigenomeâ wide association study of total serum immunoglobulin E concentration. Nature. 2015; 520: 670 â 674.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEverson TM, Lyons G, Zhang H, et al. DNA methylation loci associated with atopy and high serum IgE: a genomeâ wide application of recursive Random Forest feature selection. Genome Med. 2015; 7: 89.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBunyavanich S, Schadt EE, Himes BE, et al. Integrated genomeâ wide association, coexpression network, and expression single nucleotide polymorphism analysis identifies novel pathway in allergic rhinitis. BMC Med Genomics. 2014; 7: 48.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHirota T, Takahashi A, Kubo M, et al. Genomeâ wide association study identifies three new susceptibility loci for adult asthma in the Japanese population. Nat Genet. 2011; 43: 893 â 896.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoffatt MF, Gut IG, Demenais F, et al. A largeâ scale, consortiumâ based genomewide association study of asthma. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 1211 â 1221.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndiappan AK, Wang de Y, Anantharaman R, et al. Genomeâ wide association study for atopy and allergic rhinitis in a Singapore Chinese population. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e19719.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorver K, Kerkhof M, Brussee JE, et al. House dust mite allergen reduction and allergy at 4 yr: follow up of the PIAMAâ study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006; 17: 329 â 336.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIlli S, Weber J, Zutavern A, et al. Perinatal influences on the development of asthma and atopy in childhood. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 112: 132 â 139.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchoos AM, Chawes BL, Jeldingâ Dannemand E, Elfman LB, Bisgaard H. Early indoor aeroallergen exposure is not associated with development of sensitization or allergic rhinitis in highâ risk children. Allergy. 2016; 71: 684 â 691.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKihlstrom A, Lilja G, Pershagen G, Hedlin G. Exposure to birch pollen in infancy and development of atopic disease in childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 110: 78 â 84.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarinho S, Simpson A, Lowe L, Kissen P, Murray C, Custovic A. Rhinoconjunctivitis in 5â yearâ old children: a populationâ based birth cohort study. Allergy. 2007; 62: 385 â 393.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim YK, Chang YS, Lee MH, et al. Role of environmental exposure to spider mites in the sensitization and the clinical manifestation of asthma and rhinitis in children and adolescents living in rural and urban areas. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002; 32: 1305 â 1309.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiedler J, Eder W, Oberfeld G, Schreuer M. Austrian children living on a farm have less hay fever, asthma and allergic sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 194 â 200.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeynaert B, Neukirch C, Jarvis D, et al. Does living on a farm during childhood protect against asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in adulthood ? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 164: 1829 â 1834.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNafstad P, Magnus P, Gaarder PI, Jaakkola JJ. Exposure to pets and atopyâ related diseases in the first 4 years of life. Allergy. 2001; 56: 307 â 312.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFasce L, Tosca MA, Silvestri M, Olcese R, Pistorio A, Rossi GA. â Earlyâ cat ownership and the risk of sensitization and allergic rhinitis in Ligurian children with respiratory symptoms. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 94: 561 â 565.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDimichâ Ward H, Chow Y, Chung J, Trask C. Contact with livestockâ a protective effect against allergies and asthma ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36: 1122 â 1129.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIbargoyenâ Roteta N, Aguinagaâ Ontoso I, Fernandezâ Benitez M, et al. Role of the home environment in rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in schoolchildren in Pamplona, Spain. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2007; 17: 137 â 144.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMajkowskaâ Wojciechowska B, Pelka J, Korzon L, et al. Prevalence of allergy, patterns of allergic sensitization and allergy risk factors in rural and urban children. Allergy. 2007; 62: 1044 â 1050.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerzanowski MS, Chew GL, Divjan A, et al. Cat ownership is a risk factor for the development of antiâ cat IgE but not current wheeze at age 5 years in an innerâ city cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121: 1047 â 1052.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVargas C, Bustos P, Diaz PV, Amigo H, Rona RJ. Childhood environment and atopic conditions, with emphasis on asthma in a Chilean agricultural area. J Asthma. 2008; 45: 73 â 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlm B, Goksor E, Thengilsdottir H, et al. Early protective and risk factors for allergic rhinitis at age 4(1/2) yr. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011; 22: 398 â 404.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLampi J, Canoy D, Jarvis D, et al. Farming environment and prevalence of atopy at age 31: prospective birth cohort study in Finland. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011; 41: 987 â 993.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMatheson MC, Dharmage SC, Abramson MJ, et al. Earlyâ life risk factors and incidence of rhinitis: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Studyâ an international populationâ based cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 128: 816 â 823.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Gurrin LC, et al. Pets at birth do not increase allergic disease in atâ risk children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42: 1377 â 1385.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerkin MR, Bader T, Rudnicka AR, Strachan DP, Owen CG. Interâ relationship between rhinitis and conjunctivitis in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and associated risk factors in rural UK children. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0143651.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTamay Z, Akcay A, Ones U, Guler N, Kilic G, Zencir M. Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in primary school children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007; 71: 463 â 471.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBatllesâ Garrido J, Torresâ Borrego J, Rubiâ Ruiz T, et al. Prevalence and factors linked to allergic rhinitis in 10 and 11â yearâ old children in Almeria. Isaac Phase II, Spain. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2010; 38: 135 â 141.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLombardi E, Simoni M, La Grutta S, et al. Effects of pet exposure in the first year of life on respiratory and allergic symptoms in 7â yrâ old children. The SIDRIAâ 2 study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010; 21: 268 â 276.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKurosaka F, Terada T, Tanaka A, et al. Risk factors for wheezing, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis in the previous 12 months among sixâ yearâ old children in Himeji City, Japan: food allergy, older siblings, dayâ care attendance and parental allergy history. Allergol Int. 2011; 60: 317 â 330.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrunekreef B, Von Mutius E, Wong G, et al. Exposure to cats and dogs, and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema. Epidemiology. 2012; 23: 742 â 750.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTamay Z, Akcay A, Ergin A, Guler N. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and risk factors in 6â to 7â yearold children in Istanbul, Turkey. Turk J Pediatr. 2014; 56: 31 â 40.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYang SI, Lee E, Jung YH, et al. Effect of antibiotic use and mold exposure in infancy on allergic rhinitis in susceptible adolescents. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 113: 160 â 165 e161.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHesselmar B, Aberg N, Aberg B, Eriksson B, Bjorksten B. Does early exposure to cat or dog protect against later allergy development ? Clin Exp Allergy. 1999; 29: 611 â 617.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnyo G, Brunekreef B, de Meer G, Aarts F, Janssen NA, van Vliet P. Early, current and past pet ownership: associations with sensitization, bronchial responsiveness and allergic symptoms in school children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002; 32: 361 â 366.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHenriksen AH, Holmen TL, Bjermer L. Sensitization and exposure to pet allergens in asthmatics versus nonâ asthmatics with allergic rhinitis. Respir Med. 2001; 95: 122 â 129.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWaser M, von Mutius E, Riedler J, et al. Exposure to pets, and the association with hay fever, asthma, and atopic sensitization in rural children. Allergy. 2005; 60: 177 â 184.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen CM, Rzehak P, Zutavern A, et al. Longitudinal study on cat allergen exposure and the development of allergy in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 119: 1148 â 1155.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSultesz M, Katona G, Hirschberg A, Galffy G. Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in primary schoolchildren in Budapest. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010; 74: 503 â 509.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSandini U, Kukkonen AK, Poussa T, Sandini L, Savilahti E, Kuitunen M. Protective and risk factors for allergic diseases in highâ risk children at the ages of two and five years. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 156: 339 â 348.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKellberger J, Dressel H, Vogelberg C, et al. Prediction of the incidence and persistence of allergic rhinitis in adolescence: a prospective cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 397 â 402.e3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim WK, Kwon JW, Seo JH, et al. Interaction between IL13 genotype and environmental factors in the risk for allergic rhinitis in Korean children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 421 â 426.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLodrup Carlsen KC, Roll S, Carlsen KH, et al. Does pet ownership in infancy lead to asthma or allergy at school age? Pooled analysis of individual participant data from 11 European birth cohorts. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e43214.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLam A, Wong GW, Poon CM, Lee SS. A GISâ based assessment of environmental influences on allergy development in children. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2014; 26: 575 â 587.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTorfi Y, Bitarafan N, Rajabi M. Impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors on atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis: a cross sectional study. EXCLI J. 2015; 14: 1040 â 1048.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStark PC, Celedon JC, Chew GL, et al. Fungal levels in the home and allergic rhinitis by 5 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 2005; 113: 1405 â 1409.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKuyucu S, Saraclar Y, Tuncer A, et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of rhinitis in Turkish children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase 2. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006; 17: 269 â 277.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDeng Q, Lu C, Ou C, Chen L, Yuan H. Preconceptional, prenatal and postnatal exposure to outdoor and indoor environmental factors on allergic diseases/symptoms in preschool children. Chemosphere. 2016; 152: 459 â 467.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin Z, Norback D, Wang T, et al. The first 2â year home environment in relation to the new onset and remission of asthmatic and allergic symptoms in 4246 preschool children. Sci Total Environ. 2016; 553: 204 â 210.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThacher JD, Gruzieva O, Pershagen G, et al. Mold and dampness exposure and allergic outcomes from birth to adolescence: data from the BAMSE cohort. Allergy. 2017; 72: 967 â 974.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBornehag CG, Sundell J, Hagerhedâ Engman L, et al. â Dampnessâ at home and its association with airway, nose, and skin symptoms among 10,851 preschool children in Sweden: a crossâ sectional study. Indoor Air. 2005; 15 ( Suppl 10 ): 48 â 55.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHardjojo A, Shek LP, van Bever HP, Lee BW. Rhinitis in children less than 6 years of age: current knowledge and challenges. Asia Pac Allergy. 2011; 1: 115 â 122.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDharmage SC, Lodge CL, Matheson MC, Campbell B, Lowe AJ. Exposure to cats: update on risks for sensitization and allergic diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012; 12: 413 â 423.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJi Y, Liu Y, Yang N. Pediatric rhinitis risk factors. Exp Ther Med. 2016; 12: 2383 â 2386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlduraywish SA, Lodge CJ, Campbell B, et al. The march from early life food sensitization to allergic disease: a systematic review and metaâ analyses of birth cohort studies. Allergy. 2016; 71: 77 â 89.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrockow I, Zutavern A, Hoffmann U, et al. Early allergic sensitizations and their relevance to atopic diseases in children aged 6 years: results of the GINI study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19: 180 â 187.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKulig M, Bergmann R, Tacke U, Wahn U, Guggenmoosâ Holzmann I. Longâ lasting sensitization to food during the first two years precedes allergic airway disease. The MAS Study Group, Germany. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998; 9: 61 â 67.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGarden FL, Simpson JM, Marks GB; CAPS Investigators. Atopy phenotypes in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) cohort and the relationship with allergic disease: clinical mechanisms in allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013; 43: 633 â 641.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChiu CY, Huang YL, Tsai MH, et al. Sensitization to food and inhalant allergens in relation to atopic diseases in early childhood: a birth cohort study. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e102809.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKjaer HF, Eller E, Andersen KE, Host A, Bindslevâ Jensen C. The association between early sensitization patterns and subsequent allergic disease. The DARC birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009; 20: 726 â 734.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLilja G, Dannaeus A, Foucard T, Graffâ Lonnevig V, Johansson SG, Oman H. Effects of maternal diet during late pregnancy and lactation on the development of atopic diseases in infants up to 18 months of ageâ inâ vivo results. Clin Exp Allergy. 1989; 19: 473 â 479.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFalthâ Magnusson K, Kjellman NI. Development of atopic disease in babies whose mothers were receiving exclusion diet during pregnancyâ a randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987; 80: 868 â 875.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZutavern A, Brockow I, Schaaf B, et al. Timing of solid food introduction in relation to eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food and inhalant sensitization at the age of 6 years: results from the prospective birth cohort study LISA. Pediatrics. 2008; 121: e44 â e52.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZeiger RS, Heller S. The development and prediction of atopy in highâ risk children: followâ up at age seven years in a prospective randomized study of combined maternal and infant food allergen avoidance. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 95: 1179 â 1190.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDunlop J, Matsui E, Sharma HP. Allergic rhinitis: environmental determinants. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36: 367 â 377.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDiazâ Sanchez D. Pollution and the immune response: atopic diseasesâ are we too dirty or too clean ? Immunology. 2000; 101: 11 â 18.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD’Amato G, Liccardi G, D’Amato M, Cazzola M. The role of outdoor air pollution and climatic changes on the rising trends in respiratory allergy. Respir Med. 2001; 95: 606 â 611.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDiazâ Sanchez D, Penichetâ Garcia M, Saxon A. Diesel exhaust particles directly induce activated mast cells to degranulate and increase histamine levels and symptom severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: 1140 â 1146.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCodispoti CD, LeMasters GK, Levin L, et al. Traffic pollution is associated with early childhood aeroallergen sensitization. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 114: 126 â 133.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim BJ, Kwon JW, Seo JH, et al. Association of ozone exposure with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 107: 214 â 219.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGehring U, Wijga AH, Hoek G, et al. Exposure to air pollution and development of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis throughout childhood and adolescence: a populationâ based birth cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2015; 3: 933 â 942.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnderson HR, Ruggles R, Pandey KD, et al. Ambient particulate pollution and the worldâ wide prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children: phase one of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Occup Environ Med. 2010; 67: 293 â 300.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJung DY, Leem JH, Kim HC, et al. Effect of trafficâ related air pollution on allergic disease: results of the children’s health and environmental research. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2015; 7: 359 â 366.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShirinde J, Wichmann J, Voyi K. Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and hayfever symptoms among children are associated with frequency of truck traffic near residences: a cross sectional study. Environ Health. 2015; 14: 84.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSingh S, Sharma BB, Salvi S, et al. Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema: prevalence and associated factors in children. Clin Respir J. (in press). Epub 2016 Sep 24. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12561.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang IJ, Tung TH, Tang CS, Zhao ZH. Allergens, air pollutants, and childhood allergic diseases. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016; 219: 66 â 71.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiu W, Huang C, Hu Y, et al. Associations of gestational and early life exposures to ambient air pollution with childhood respiratory diseases in Shanghai, China: a retrospective cohort study. Environ Int. 2016; 92â 93: 284 â 293.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChiang TY, Yuan TH, Shie RH, Chen CF, Chan CC. Increased incidence of allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma, in children living near a petrochemical complex with SO 2 pollution. Environ Int. 2016; 96: 1 â 7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChung HY, Hsieh CJ, Tseng CC, Yiin LM. Association between the first occurrence of allergic rhinitis in preschool children and air pollution in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016; 13 ( 3 ). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030268.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim HH, Lee CS, Yu SD, et al. Nearâ road exposure and impact of air pollution on allergic diseases in elementary school children: a crossâ sectional study. Yonsei Med J. 2016; 57: 698 â 713.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYang HJ. Impact of perinatal environmental tobacco smoke on the development of childhood allergic diseases. Korean J Pediatr. 2016; 59: 319 â 327.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGangl K, Reininger R, Bernhard D, et al. Cigarette smoke facilitates allergen penetration across respiratory epithelium. Allergy. 2009; 64: 398 â 405.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMishra NC, Rirâ Simaâ Ah J, Langley RJ, et al. Nicotine primarily suppresses lung Th2 but not goblet cell and muscle cell responses to allergens. J Immunol. 2008; 180: 7655 â 7663.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaulyte J, Regueira C, Montesâ Martinez A, Khudyakov P, Takkouche B. Active or passive exposure to tobacco smoking and allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, and food allergy in adults and children: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. PLoS Med. 2014; 11: e1001611.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHur K, Liang J, Lin SY. The role of secondhand smoke in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4: 110 â 116.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin SY, Reh DD, Clipp S, Irani L, Navasâ Acien A. Allergic rhinitis and secondhand tobacco smoke: a populationâ based study. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011; 25: e66 â e71.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeil T, Lau S, Roll S, et al. Maternal smoking increases risk of allergic sensitization and wheezing only in children with allergic predisposition: longitudinal analysis from birth to 10 years. Allergy. 2009; 64: 445 â 451.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWright AL, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD, Halonen M, Morgan W, Taussig LM. Epidemiology of physicianâ diagnosed allergic rhinitis in childhood. Pediatrics. 1994; 94: 895 â 901.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBendtsen P, Gronbaek M, Kjaer SK, Munk C, Linneberg A, Tolstrup JS. Alcohol consumption and the risk of selfâ reported perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis in young adult women in a populationâ based cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38: 1179 â 1185.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCodispoti CD, Levin L, LeMasters GK, et al. Breastâ feeding, aeroallergen sensitization, and environmental exposures during infancy are determinants of childhood allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: 1054 â 1060.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnnesiâ Maesano I, Oryszczyn MP, Neukirch F, Kauffmann F. Relationship of upper airway disease to tobacco smoking and allergic markers: a cohort study of men followed up for 5 years. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997; 114: 193 â 201.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHersoug LG, Husemoen LL, Thomsen SF, Sigsgaard T, Thuesen BH, Linneberg A. Association of indoor air pollution with rhinitis symptoms, atopy and nitric oxide levels in exhaled air. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010; 153: 403 â 412.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLinneberg A, Nielsen NH, Madsen F, Frolund L, Dirksen A, Jorgensen T. Factors related to allergic sensitization to aeroallergens in a crossâ sectional study in adults: The Copenhagen Allergy Study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 1409 â 1417.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEriksson J, Ekerljung L, Pullerits T, et al. Prevalence of chronic nasal symptoms in West Sweden: risk factors and relation to selfâ reported allergic rhinitis and lower respiratory symptoms. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 154: 155 â 163.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShargorodsky J, Garciaâ Esquinas E, Navasâ Acien A, Lin SY. Allergic sensitization, rhinitis, and tobacco smoke exposure in U.S. children and adolescents. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 471 â 476.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKatotomichelakis M, Tripsianis G, Daniilidi A, et al. Smoking effects on quality of life of allergic rhinitis patients after sublingual immunotherapy. Rhinology. 2015; 53: 325 â 331.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWaite KJ. Blackley and the development of hay fever as a disease of civilization in the nineteenth century. Med Hist. 1995; 39: 186 â 196.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceButland BK, Strachan DP, Lewis S, Bynner J, Butler N, Britton J. Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts. BMJ. 1997; 315: 717 â 721.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLewis SA, Britton JR. Consistent effects of high socioeconomic status and low birth order, and the modifying effect of maternal smoking on the risk of allergic disease during childhood. Respir Med. 1998; 92: 1237 â 1244.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraback L, Hjern A, Rasmussen F. Social class in asthma and allergic rhinitis: a national cohort study over three decades. Eur Respir J. 2005; 26: 1064 â 1068.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBergmann RL, Edenharter G, Bergmann KE, Lau S, Wahn U. Socioeconomic status is a risk factor for allergy in parents but not in their children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 1740 â 1745.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlmqvist C, Pershagen G, Wickman M. Low socioeconomic status as a risk factor for asthma, rhinitis and sensitization at 4 years in a birth cohort. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 612 â 618.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHammerâ Helmich L, Linneberg A, Thomsen SF, Glumer C. Association between parental socioeconomic position and prevalence of asthma, atopic eczema and hay fever in children. Scand J Public Health. 2014; 42: 120 â 127.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrabenhenrich LB, Keil T, Reich A, et al. Prediction and prevention of allergic rhinitis: a birth cohort study of 20 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 932 â 940.e12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMatheson MC, Walters EH, Simpson JA, et al. Relevance of the hygiene hypothesis to early vs. late onset allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009; 39: 370 â 378.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee KS, Rha YH, Oh IH, Choi YS, Choi SH. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors related to allergic diseases in Korean adolescents based on the Seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Webâ based Survey: a crossâ sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2016; 16: 19.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenaranda A, Garcia E, Barragan AM, et al. Factors associated with allergic rhinitis in Colombian subpopulations aged 1 to 17 and 18 to 59. Rhinology. 2016; 54: 56 â 67.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWronka I, Klis K, Jarzebak K. Association of allergic rhinitis in female university students with socioâ economic factors and markers of estrogens levels. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016; 884: 53 â 59.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStrachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ. 1989; 299: 1259 â 1260.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSection on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012; 129: e827 â e841.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSzajewska H. Early nutritional strategies for preventing allergic disease. Isr Med Assoc J. 2012; 14: 58 â 62.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoppu U, Kalliomaki M, Laiho K, Isolauri E. Breast milkâ immunomodulatory signals against allergic diseases. Allergy. 2001; 56 ( Suppl 67 ): 23 â 26.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFriedman NJ, Zeiger RS. The role of breastâ feeding in the development of allergies and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115: 1238 â 1248.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMimouni Bloch A, Mimouni D, Mimouni M, Gdalevich M. Does breastfeeding protect against allergic rhinitis during childhood? A metaâ analysis of prospective studies. Acta Paediatr. 2002; 91: 275 â 279.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLodge CJ, Tan DJ, Lau MX, et al. Breastfeeding and asthma and allergies: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2015; 104: 38 â 53.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKramer MS, Matush L, Bogdanovich N, Dahhou M, Platt RW, Mazer B. The low prevalence of allergic disease in Eastern Europe: are risk factors consistent with the hygiene hypothesis ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2009; 39: 708 â 716.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStrachan DP. Epidemiology of hay fever: towards a community diagnosis. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995; 25: 296 â 303.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBjorksten B, Aitâ Khaled N, Innes Asher M, Clayton TO, Robertson C; ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global analysis of breast feeding and risk of symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in 6â 7 year old children: ISAAC phase three. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2011; 39: 318 â 325.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKurt E, Metintas S, Basyigit I, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of allergies in Turkey: results of a multicentric crossâ sectional study in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007; 18: 566 â 574.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee SY, Kwon JW, Seo JH, et al. Prevalence of atopy and allergic diseases in Korean children: associations with a farming environment and rural lifestyle. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012; 158: 168 â 174.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiyake Y, Arakawa M, Tanaka K, Sasaki S, Ohya Y. Crossâ sectional study of allergic disorders associated with breastfeeding in Japan: the Ryukyus Child Health Study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007; 18: 433 â 440.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiyake Y, Yura A, Iki M. Breastfeeding and the prevalence of symptoms of allergic disorders in Japanese adolescents. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 312 â 316.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSelcuk ZT, Caglar T, Enunlu T, Topal T. The prevalence of allergic diseases in primary school children in Edirne, Turkey. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997; 27: 262 â 269.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSong N, Shamssain M, Zhang J, et al. Prevalence, severity and risk factors of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in a large group of Chinese schoolchildren. J Asthma. 2014; 51: 232 â 242.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSun Y, Sundell J. Life style and home environment are associated with racial disparities of asthma and allergy in Northeast Texas children. Sci Total Environ. 2011; 409: 4229 â 4234.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEhlayel MS, Bener A. Duration of breastâ feeding and the risk of childhood allergic diseases in a developing country. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008; 29: 386 â 391.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeroni DG, Piacentini GL, Alfonsi L, et al. Rhinitis in preâ school children: prevalence, association with allergic diseases and risk factors. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 1349 â 1354.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSiriaksorn S, Suchaitanawanit S, Trakultivakorn M. Allergic rhinitis and immunoglobulin deficiency in preschool children with frequent upper respiratory illness. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2011; 29: 73 â 77.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceApfelbacher C, Frew E, Xiang A, Apfel A, Smith H. Assessment of pet exposure by selfâ report in epidemiological studies of allergy and asthma: a systematic review. J Asthma. 2016; 53: 363 â 373.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTakkouche B, Gonzalezâ Barcala FJ, Etminan M, Fitzgerald M. Exposure to furry pets and the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis: a metaâ analysis. Allergy. 2008; 63: 857 â 864.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen CM, Tischer C, Schnappinger M, Heinrich J. The role of cats and dogs in asthma and allergyâ a systematic review. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2010; 213: 1 â 31.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmallwood J, Ownby D. Exposure to dog allergens and subsequent allergic sensitization: an updated review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012; 12: 424 â 428.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLodge CJ, Allen KJ, Lowe AJ, et al. Perinatal cat and dog exposure and the risk of asthma and allergy in the urban environment: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012; 2012: 176484.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChristensen SH, Timm S, Janson C, et al. A clear urbanâ rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a populationâ based study in Northern Europe. Eur Clin Respir J. 2016; 3: 33463.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevon Hertzen L, Hanski I, Haahtela T. Natural immunity. Biodiversity loss and inflammatory diseases are two global megatrends that might be related. EMBO Rep. 2011; 12: 1089 â 1093.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarmaus W, Botezan C. Does a higher number of siblings protect against the development of allergy and asthma? A review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002; 56: 209 â 217.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStrachan DP, Aitâ Khaled N, Foliaki S, et al. Siblings, asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema: a worldwide perspective from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45: 126 â 136.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCampbell BE, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Burgess JA, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC. Exposure to â farmingâ and objective markers of atopy: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45: 744 â 757.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHouse JS, Wyss AB, Hoppin JA, et al. Earlyâ life farm exposures and adult asthma and atopy in the Agricultural Lung Health Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 140: 249 â 256.e14.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVon Ehrenstein OS, Von Mutius E, Illi S, Baumann L, Bohm O, von Kries R. Reduced risk of hay fever and asthma among children of farmers. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 187 â 193.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiedler J, Braunâ Fahrlander C, Eder W, et al. Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a crossâ sectional survey. Lancet. 2001; 358: 1129 â 1133.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarnes M, Cullinan P, Athanasaki P, et al. Crete: does farming explain urban and rural differences in atopy ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 1822 â 1828.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDowns SH, Marks GB, Mitakakis TZ, Leuppi JD, Car NG, Peat JK. Having lived on a farm and protection against allergic diseases in Australia. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 570 â 575.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWickens K, Lane JM, Fitzharris P, et al. Farm residence and exposures and the risk of allergic diseases in New Zealand children. Allergy. 2002; 57: 1171 â 1179.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRemes ST, Pekkanen J, Soininen L, Kajosaari M, Husman T, Koivikko A. Does heredity modify the association between farming and allergy in children ? Acta Paediatr. 2002; 91: 1163 â 1169.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRemes ST, Iivanainen K, Koskela H, Pekkanen J. Which factors explain the lower prevalence of atopy amongst farmersâ children ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 427 â 434.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimpson A, Martinez FD. The role of lipopolysaccharide in the development of atopy in humans. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 209 â 223.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTischer C, Gehring U, Chen CM, et al. Respiratory health in children, and indoor exposure to (1,3)â betaâ Dâ glucan, EPS mould components and endotoxin. Eur Respir J. 2011; 37: 1050 â 1059.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCuelloâ Garcia CA, Brozek JL, Fiocchi A, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of allergy: a systematic review and metaâ analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 952 â 961.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEge MJ, Mayer M, Normand AC, et al. Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364: 701 â 709.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevon Hertzen L, Laatikainen T, Pitkanen T, et al. Microbial content of drinking water in Finnish and Russian Karelia â implications for atopy prevalence. Allergy. 2007; 62: 288 â 292.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValkonen M, Wouters IM, Taubel M, et al. Bacterial exposures and associations with atopy and asthma in children. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0131594.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFujimura KE, Johnson CC, Ownby DR, et al. Man’s best friend? The effect of pet ownership on house dust microbial communities. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126: 410 â 412.e3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArrieta MC, Stiemsma LT, Dimitriu PA, et al. Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma. Sci Transl Med. 2015; 7: 307 ra152.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHua X, Goedert JJ, Pu A, Yu G, Shi J. Allergy associations with the adult fecal microbiota: analysis of the American Gut Project. EBioMedicine. 2016; 3: 172 â 179.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHanski I, von Hertzen L, Fyhrquist N, et al. Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109: 8334 â 8339.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFyhrquist N, Ruokolainen L, Suomalainen A, et al. Acinetobacter species in the skin microbiota protect against allergic sensitization and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 1301 â 1309.e11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLinneberg A, Dam Petersen K, Hahnâ Pedersen J, Hammerby E, Serupâ Hansen N, Boxall N. Burden of allergic respiratory disease: a systematic review. Clin Mol Allergy. 2016; 14: 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHahnâ Pedersen J, Boxall N, Maier W, Linneberg A, Serupâ Hansen N. Systematic literature review assessing data on the burden of allergic rhinitis from a cost and quality of life perspective. Value Health. 2014; 17: A602.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWare J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12â Item Shortâ Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996; 34: 220 â 233.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Lu JF, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36â item Shortâ Form Health Survey (SFâ 36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Med Care. 1994; 32: 40 â 66.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJuniper EF, Guyatt GH. Development and testing of a new measure of health status for clinical trials in rhinoconjunctivitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991; 21: 77 â 83.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTatar EC, Surenoglu UA, Ozdek A, Saylam G, Korkmaz H. The effect of combined medical treatment on quality of life in persistent allergic rhinitis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013; 65: 333 â 337.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYamada T, Yamamoto H, Kubo S, et al. Efficacy of mometasone furoate nasal spray for nasal symptoms, quality of life, rhinitisâ disturbed sleep, and nasal nitric oxide in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: e9 â e16.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Zuberbier T, Canonica GW, Fokkens WJ, Gopalan G, Shekar T. Randomized controlled trial of desloratadine for persistent allergic rhinitis: correlations between symptom improvement and quality of life. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013; 34: 274 â 282.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachert C, Bousquet J, Canonica GW, et al. Levocetirizine improves quality of life and reduces costs in longâ term management of persistent allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114: 838 â 844.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolmberg K, Tonnel AB, Dreyfus I, et al. Desloratadine relieves nasal congestion and improves qualityâ ofâ life in persistent allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2009; 64: 1663 â 1670.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWalter Canonica G, Bousquet J, Van Hammée G, et al.; XPERT Study Group. Levocetirizine improves healthâ related quality of life and health status in persistent allergic rhinitis. Respir Med. 2006; 100: 1706 â 1715.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoiby AS, Strand V, Robinson DS, Sager A, Rak S. Efficacy, safety, and immunological effects of a 2â year immunotherapy with Depigoid birch pollen extract: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 1062 â 1070.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceColas C, Monzon S, Venturini M, Lezaun A. Doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study with a modified therapeutic vaccine of Salsola kali (Russian thistle) administered through use of a cluster schedule. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 117: 810 â 816.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrinkhaus B, Witt CM, Jena S, Liecker B, Wegscheider K, Willich SN. Acupuncture in patients with allergic rhinitis: a pragmatic randomized trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 101: 535 â 543.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet PJ, Demoly P, Devillier P, Mesbah K, Bousquet J. Impact of allergic rhinitis symptoms on quality of life in primary care. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013; 160: 393 â 400.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStull DE, Schaefer M, Crespi S, Sandor DW. Relative strength of relationships of nasal congestion and ocular symptoms with sleep, mood and productivity. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009; 25: 1785 â 1792.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadario G, Ciprandi G, Di Cara G, et al. Comparison between continuous or intermittent schedules of sublingual immunotherapy for house dust mites: effects on compliance, patients satisfaction, quality of life and safety. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2008; 21: 471 â 473.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJaruvongvanich V, Mongkolpathumrat P, Chantaphakul H, Klaewsongkram J. Extranasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis are difficult to treat and affect quality of life. Allergol Int. 2016; 65: 199 â 203.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSong Y, Wang M, Xie J, et al. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis among elementary and middle school students in Changsha city and its impact on quality of life. J Laryngol Otol. 2015; 129: 1108 â 1114.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Blaiss MS, Naclerio RM, et al. Burden of allergic rhinitis: allergies in America, Latin America, and Asiaâ Pacific adult surveys. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33 ( Suppl 1 ): S113 â S141.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKatelaris CH, Sacks R, Theron PN. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the Australian population: burden of disease and attitudes to intranasal corticosteroid treatment. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013; 27: 506 â 509.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBukstein D, Parikh R, Eid S, Ferro T, Morello JP. Beclomethasone Dipropionate Nasal Aerosol in Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (BALANCE) study: 6â month results. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016; 37: 121 â 130.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeynaert B, Neukirch C, Liard R, Bousquet J, Neukirch F. Quality of life in allergic rhinitis and asthma. A populationâ based study of young adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 162: 1391 â 1396.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJuniper EF, Rohrbaugh T, Meltzer EO. A questionnaire to measure quality of life in adults with nocturnal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 111: 484 â 490.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMajani G, Baiardini I, Giardini A, et al. Healthâ related quality of life assessment in young adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2001; 56: 313 â 317.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWitt CM, Reinhold T, Jena S, Brinkhaus B, Willich SN. Costâ effectiveness of acupuncture in women and men with allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled study in usual care. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 169: 562 â 571.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRadcliffe MJ, Lewith GT, Turner RG, Prescott P, Church MK, Holgate ST. Enzyme potentiated desensitisation in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: double blind randomised controlled study. BMJ. 2003; 327: 251 â 254.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGerth Van Wijk R, Terreehorst IT, Mulder PG, Garrelds IM, Blom HM, Popering S. Intranasal capsaicin is lacking therapeutic effect in perennial allergic rhinitis to house dust mite. A placeboâ controlled study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 1792 â 1798.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFilanowicz M, Szynkiewicz E, Cegla B, Bartuzi Z. Analysis of the quality of life of patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis after immunotherapy. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016; 33: 134 â 141.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemoly P, Bousquet PJ, Mesbah K, Bousquet J, Devillier P. Visual analogue scale in patients treated for allergic rhinitis: an observational prospective study in primary care: asthma and rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013; 43: 881 â 888.
dc.identifier.citedreferencede la Hoz Caballer B, Rodriguez M, Fraj J, Cerecedo I, Antolinâ Amerigo D, Colas C. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on work productivity in primary care practice and a comparison with other common diseases: the Crossâ sectional study to evAluate work Productivity in allergic Rhinitis compared with other common dIseases (CAPRI) study. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2012; 26: 390 â 394.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Gross GN, Katial R, Storms WW. Allergic rhinitis substantially impacts patient quality of life: findings from the Nasal Allergy Survey Assessing Limitations. J Fam Pract. 2012; 61: S5 â 10.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiprandi G, Cadario G, Valle C, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy in polysensitized patients: effect on quality of life. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010; 20: 274 â 279.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePetersen KD, Kronborg C, Gyrdâ Hansen D, Dahl R, Larsen JN, Lowenstein H. Quality of life in rhinoconjunctivitis assessed with generic and diseaseâ specific questionnaires. Allergy. 2008; 63: 284 â 291.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiprandi G, Klersy C, Cirillo I, Marseglia GL. Quality of life in allergic rhinitis: relationship with clinical, immunological, and functional aspects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2007; 37: 1528 â 1535.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Rienzo V, Pucci S, D’Alo A, et al. Effects of highâ dose sublingual immmunotherapy on quiality of life in patients with cypressâ induced rhinitis: a placebo controlled study. Clin Exp Allergy Rev. 2006; 6: 67 â 70.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaforest L, Bousquet J, Neukirch F, et al. Influence of sociodemographic factors on quality of life during pollen season in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 95: 26 â 32.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCingi C, Oghan F, Eskiizmir G, Yaz A, Ural A, Erdogmus N. Desloratadineâ montelukast combination improves quality of life and decreases nasal obstruction in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 801 â 806.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGurevich F, Glass C, Davies M, et al. The effect of intranasal steroid budesonide on the congestionâ related sleep disturbance and daytime somnolence in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2005; 26: 268 â 274.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHughes K, Glass C, Ripchinski M, et al. Efficacy of the topical nasal steroid budesonide on improving sleep and daytime somnolence in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2003; 58: 380 â 385.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCraig TJ, Teets S, Lehman EB, Chinchilli VM, Zwillich C. Nasal congestion secondary to allergic rhinitis as a cause of sleep disturbance and daytime fatigue and the response to topical nasal corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 101: 633 â 637.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMansfield LE, Posey CR. Daytime sleepiness and cognitive performance improve in seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with intranasal fluticasone propionate. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007; 28: 226 â 229.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShanqun L, Shenyuan L, Zhou J, Bai C. The role of montelukast and intranasal budesonide on OSAHS and allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2009; 64: 591.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThompson A, Sardana N, Craig TJ. Sleep impairment and daytime sleepiness in patients with allergic rhinitis: the role of congestion and inflammation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013; 111: 446 â 451.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRimmer J, Downie S, Bartlett DJ, Gralton J, Salome C. Sleep disturbance in persistent allergic rhinitis measured using actigraphy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 103: 190 â 194.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChafen JJ, Newberry SJ, Riedl MA, et al. Diagnosing and managing common food allergies: a systematic review. JAMA. 2010; 303: 1848 â 1856.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLavie P, Gertner R, Zomer J, Podoshin L. Breathing disorders in sleep associated with â microarousalsâ in patients with allergic rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 1981; 92: 529 â 533.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCamhi SL, Morgan WJ, Pernisco N, Quan SF. Factors affecting sleep disturbances in children and adolescents. Sleep Med. 2000; 1: 117 â 123.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoung T, Finn L, Kim H. Nasal obstruction as a risk factor for sleepâ disordered breathing. The University of Wisconsin Sleep and Respiratory Research Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997; 99: S757 â S762.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParikh NG, Junaid I, Sheinkopf L, Randhawa I, Santiago SM, Klaustermeyer WB. Clinical control in the dual diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and rhinitis: a prospective analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014; 28: e52 â e55.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAcar M, Cingi C, Sakallioglu O, San T, Fatih Yimenicioglu M, Bal C. The effects of mometasone furoate and desloratadine in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013; 27: e113 â e116.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLavigne F, Petrof BJ, Johnson JR, et al. Effect of topical corticosteroids on allergic airway inflammation and disease severity in obstructive sleep apnoea. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013; 43: 1124 â 1133.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcNicholas WT, Tarlo S, Cole P, et al. Obstructive apneas during sleep in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982; 126: 625 â 628.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse HJ, Davis JE, Krouse JH. Immune mediators in allergic rhinitis and sleep. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002; 126: 607 â 613.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeng J, Xuan J, Qiao X, et al. Assessment of sleep impairment in persistent allergic rhinitis patients using polysomnography. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 155: 57 â 62.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBozkurt B, Serife Ugur K, Karamanli H, Kucuker F, Ozol D. Polysomnographic findings in persistent allergic rhinitis. Sleep Breath. 2017; 21: 255 â 261.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim DK, Han DH. Impact of allergic rhinitis on quality of life after adenotonsillectomy for pediatric sleepâ disordered breathing. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 741 â 746.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUdaka T, Suzuki H, Fujimura T, et al. Chronic nasal obstruction causes daytime sleepiness and decreased quality of life even in the absence of snoring. Am J Rhinol. 2007; 21: 564 â 569.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMintz M, Garcia J, Diener P, Liao Y, Dupclay L, Georges G. Triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray improves nocturnal rhinitisâ related quality of life in patients treated in a primary care setting: the Quality of Sleep in Allergic Rhinitis study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 92: 255 â 261.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJanson C, De Backer W, Gislason T, et al. Increased prevalence of sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness in subjects with bronchial asthma: a population study of young adults in three European countries. Eur Respir J. 1996; 9: 2132 â 2138.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceColas C, Galera H, Anibarro B, et al. Disease severity impairs sleep quality in allergic rhinitis (The SOMNIAAR study). Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42: 1080 â 1087.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeger D, Annesiâ Maesano I, Carat F, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its consequences on quality of sleep: an unexplored area. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 1744 â 1748.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGadi G, Wali S, Koshak E, et al. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic markers in obstructive sleep apnea. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017; 7: 37 â 44.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePark CE, Shin SY, Lee KH, Cho JS, Kim SW. The effect of allergic rhinitis on the degree of stress, fatigue and quality of life in OSA patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012; 269: 2061 â 2064.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCanova CR, Downs SH, Knoblauch A, Andersson M, Tamm M, Leuppi JD. Increased prevalence of perennial allergic rhinitis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Respiration. 2004; 71: 138 â 143.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStuck BA, Czajkowski J, Hagner AE, et al. Changes in daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and objective sleep patterns in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a controlled clinical trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 663 â 668.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKoinisâ Mitchell D, Kopel SJ, Boergers J, et al. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sleep problems in urban children. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015; 11: 101 â 110.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarone JG, Hanson C, DaJusta DG, Gioia K, England SJ, Schneider D. Nocturnal enuresis and overweight are associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatrics. 2009; 124: e53 â e59.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin SY, Melvin TA, Boss EF, Ishman SL. The association between allergic rhinitis and sleepâ disordered breathing in children: a systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 504 â 509.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Francesco RC, Alvarez J. Allergic rhinitis affects the duration of rapid eye movement sleep in children with sleepâ disordered breathing without sleep apnea. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6: 465 â 471.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChimenz R, Manti S, Fede C, et al. Primary nocturnal enuresis in children with allergic rhinitis and severe adenotonsillar hypertrophy: a single center pilot study. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2015; 29: 73 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePoachanukoon O, Kitcharoensakkul M. Snoring and sleep problems in children with and without allergic rhinitis: a case control study. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015; 98 Suppl 2: S138 â S144.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKwon JA, Lee M, Yoo KB, Park EC. Does the duration and time of sleep increase the risk of allergic rhinitis? Results of the 6â year nationwide Korea youth risk behavior webâ based survey. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e72507.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi AM, Au CT, So HK, Lau J, Ng PC, Wing YK. Prevalence and risk factors of habitual snoring in primary school children. Chest. 2010; 138: 519 â 527.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVichyanond P, Suratannon C, Lertbunnaphong P, Jirapongsananuruk O, Visitsunthorn N. Clinical characteristics of children with nonâ allergic rhinitis vs with allergic rhinitis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2010; 28: 270 â 274.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSogut A, Yilmaz O, Dinc G, Yuksel H. Prevalence of habitual snoring and symptoms of sleepâ disordered breathing in adolescents. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009; 73: 1769 â 1773.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiukkonen K, Virkkula P, Aronen ET, Kirjavainen T, Pitkaranta A. All snoring is not adenoids in young children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008; 72: 879 â 884.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKalra M, Lemasters G, Bernstein D, et al. Atopy as a risk factor for habitual snoring at age 1 year. Chest. 2006; 129: 942 â 946.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNg DK, Kwok KL, Cheung JM, et al. Prevalence of sleep problems in Hong Kong primary school children: a communityâ based telephone survey. Chest. 2005; 128: 1315 â 1323.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSogut A, Altin R, Uzun L, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and associated symptoms in 3â 11â yearâ old Turkish children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39: 251 â 256.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChng SY, Goh DY, Wang XS, Tan TN, Ong NB. Snoring and atopic disease: a strong association. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 38: 210 â 216.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnuntaseree W, Rookkapan K, Kuasirikul S, Thongsuksai P. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in Thai schoolâ age children: prevalence and predisposing factors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32: 222 â 227.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBhattacharjee R, Kheirandishâ Gozal L, Spruyt K, et al. Adenotonsillectomy outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children: a multicenter retrospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 182: 676 â 683.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGoldbart AD, Goldman JL, Veling MC, Gozal D. Leukotriene modifier therapy for mild sleepâ disordered breathing in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 172: 364 â 370.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKidon MI, See Y, Goh A, Chay OM, Balakrishnan A. Aeroallergen sensitization in pediatric allergic rhinitis in Singapore: is airâ conditioning a factor in the tropics ? Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004; 15: 340 â 343.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMansfield LE, Diaz G, Posey CR, Floresâ Neder J. Sleep disordered breathing and daytime quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis during treatment with intranasal budesonide. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 92: 240 â 244.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcColley SA, Carroll JL, Curtis S, Loughlin GM, Sampson HA. High prevalence of allergic sensitization in children with habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 1997; 111: 170 â 173.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePrice D, Scadding G, Ryan D, et al. The hidden burden of adult allergic rhinitis: UK healthcare resource utilisation survey. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015; 5: 39.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReed SD, Lee TA, McCrory DC. The economic burden of allergic rhinitis: a critical evaluation of the literature. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004; 22: 345 â 361.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Demarteau N, Mullol J, et al. Costs associated with persistent allergic rhinitis are reduced by levocetirizine. Allergy. 2005; 60: 788 â 794.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNathan RA. The burden of allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007; 28: 3 â 9.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEuropean Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Allergy Awareness Campaign. http://www.eaaci.org/outreach/eaaci-campaigns/2877-allergy-awareness-campaign.html. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAntonescu E, Childers N, Elisabeta Gardini E, et al. European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). EAACI Campaigns. The MEP Written declaration campaign. http://www.eaaci.org/outreach/eaaci-campaigns/2670-ad.html. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGoetzel RZ, Long SR, Ozminkowski RJ, Hawkins K, Wang S, Lynch W. Health, absence, disability, and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting U.S. employers. J Occup Environ Med. 2004; 46: 398 â 412.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Bukstein DA. The economic impact of allergic rhinitis and current guidelines for treatment. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 106: S12 â S16.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSeidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, et al. Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 152: S1 â S43.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlaiss MS. Allergic rhinitis: direct and indirect costs. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2010; 31: 375 â 380.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlaiss MS. Important aspects in management of allergic rhinitis: compliance, cost, and quality of life. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003; 24: 231 â 238.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSantos R, Cifaldi M, Gregory C, Seitz P. Economic outcomes of a targeted intervention program: the costs of treating allergic rhinitis patients. Am J Manag Care. 1999; 5: S225 â S234.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBhattacharyya N. Incremental healthcare utilization and expenditures for allergic rhinitis in the United States. Laryngoscope. 2011; 121: 1830 â 1833.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCardell LO, Olsson P, Andersson M, et al. TOTALL: high cost of allergic rhinitisâ a national Swedish populationâ based questionnaire study. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2016; 26: 15082.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCrystalâ Peters J, Crown WH, Goetzel RZ, Schutt DC. The cost of productivity losses associated with allergic rhinitis. Am J Manag Care. 2000; 6: 373 â 378.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWalker S, Khanâ Wasti S, Fletcher M, Cullinan P, Harris J, Sheikh A. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with a detrimental effect on examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers: caseâ control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: 381 â 387.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLamb CE, Ratner PH, Johnson CE, et al. Economic impact of workplace productivity losses due to allergic rhinitis compared with select medical conditions in the United States from an employer perspective. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006; 22: 1203 â 1210.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFineman SM. The burden of allergic rhinitis: beyond dollars and cents. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 88: 2 â 7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlanc PD, Trupin L, Eisner M, et al. The work impact of asthma and rhinitis: findings from a populationâ based survey. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001; 54: 610 â 618.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKay GG. The effects of antihistamines on cognition and performance. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: S622 â S627.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchoenwetter WF, Dupclay L Jr, Appajosyula S, Botteman MF, Pashos CL. Economic impact and qualityâ ofâ life burden of allergic rhinitis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004; 20: 305 â 317.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHellgren J, Cervin A, Nordling S, Bergman A, Cardell LO. Allergic rhinitis and the common coldâ high cost to society. Allergy. 2010; 65: 776 â 783.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJauregui I, Mullol J, Davila I, et al. Allergic rhinitis and school performance. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19 ( Suppl 1 ): 32 â 39.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMir E, Panjabi C, Shah A. Impact of allergic rhinitis in school going children. Asia Pac Allergy. 2012; 2: 93 â 100.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmall P, Frenkiel S, Becker A. The Canadian Rhinitis Working Group. Rhinitis: a practical and comprehensive approach to assessment and therapy. J Otolaryngol. 2007; 36 ( Suppl 1 ): S5 â S27. http://www.allergyfoundation.ca/userfiles/Rhinitis-guidelines%202007.pdf. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchatz M. A survey of the burden of allergic rhinitis in the USA. Allergy. 2007; 62 ( Suppl 85 ): 9 â 16.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNg ML, Warlow RS, Chrishanthan N, Ellis C, Walls R. Preliminary criteria for the definition of allergic rhinitis: a systematic evaluation of clinical parameters in a disease cohort (I). Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 1314 â 1331.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCosta DJ, Amouyal M, Lambert P, et al. How representative are clinical study patients with allergic rhinitis in primary care ? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127: 920 â 926.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRaza SN, Yousuf K, Small P, Frenkiel S. Diagnosing allergic rhinitis: effectiveness of the physical examination in comparison to conventional skin testing. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011; 40: 407 â 412.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmeli F, Brocchetti F, Tosca MA, Signori A, Ciprandi G. Nasal endoscopy in children with suspected allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope. 2011; 121: 2055 â 2059.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEren E, Aktas A, Arslanoglu S, et al. Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis: interâ rater reliability and predictive value of nasal endoscopic examination: a prospective observational study. Clin Otolaryngol. 2013; 38: 481 â 486.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJareoncharsri P, Thitadilok V, Bunnag C, Ungkanont K, Voraprayoon S, Tansuriyawong P. Nasal endoscopic findings in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1999; 17: 261 â 267.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWhite LJ, Rotella MR, DelGaudio JM. Polypoid changes of the middle turbinate as an indicator of atopic disease. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4: 376 â 380.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamizan AW, Christensen JM, Ebenzer J, et al. Middle turbinate edema as a diagnostic marker of inhalant allergy. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2017; 7: 37 â 42.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDelGaudio JM, Loftus PA, Hamizan AW, Harvey RJ, Wise SK. Central compartment atopic disease. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2017; 31: 228 â 234.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrunner JP, Jawad BA, McCoul ED. Polypoid change of the middle turbinate and paranasal sinus polyposis are distinct entities. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017; 157: 519 â 523.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmerican College of Radiology (ACR). ACR Position Statement on Recent Studies Regarding CT Scans and Increased Cancer Risk. December 15, 2009. https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/CT-Scans-and-Increased-Cancer-Risk. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP, et al. Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2012; 380: 499 â 505.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMucci T, Govindaraj S, Tversky J. Allergic rhinitis. Mt Sinai J Med. 2011; 78: 634 â 644.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJung YG, Cho HJ, Park GY, et al. Comparison of the skinâ prick test and Phadia ImmunoCAP as tools to diagnose houseâ dust mite allergy. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2010; 24: 226 â 229.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllenbecker MJ. Engineering controls as an intervention to reduce worker exposure. Am J Ind Med. 1996; 29: 303 â 307.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWood RA, Phipatanakul W, Hamilton RG, Eggleston PA. A comparison of skin prick tests, intradermal skin tests, and RASTs in the diagnosis of cat allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103: 773 â 779.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWestwood M, Ramaekers B, Lang S, et al. ImmunoCAP(R) ISAC and Microtest for multiplex allergen testing in people with difficult to manage allergic disease: a systematic review and cost analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2016; 20: 1 â 178.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTversky J, MacGlashan DWJ. Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) camera as a novel approach to allergy skin testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 139: AB156.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDeshpande PR, Rajan S, Sudeepthi BL, Abdul Nazir CP. Patientâ reported outcomes: a new era in clinical research. Perspect Clin Res. 2011; 2: 137 â 144.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScadding GW, Calderon MA, Shamji MH, et al. Effect of 2 years of treatment with sublingual grass pollen immunotherapy on nasal response to allergen challenge at 3 years among patients with moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis: the GRASS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017; 317: 615 â 625.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZieglmayer P, Fockeâ Tejkl M, Schmutz R, et al. Mechanisms, safety and efficacy of a B cell epitopeâ based vaccine for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy. EBioMedicine. 2016; 11: 43 â 57.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMosbech H, Canonica GW, Backer V, et al. SQ house dust mite sublingually administered immunotherapy tablet (ALK) improves allergic rhinitis in patients with house dust mite allergic asthma and rhinitis symptoms. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 114: 134 â 140.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCasale TB. Antiâ immunoglobulin E (omalizumab) therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 164: S18 â S21.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCalderon MA, Bernstein DI, Blaiss M, Andersen JS, Nolte H. A comparative analysis of symptom and medication scoring methods used in clinical trials of sublingual immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014; 44: 1228 â 1239.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDevillier P, Bousquet PJ, Grassinâ Delyle S, et al. Comparison of outcome measures in allergic rhinitis in children, adolescents and adults. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016; 27: 375 â 381.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemoly P, Emminger W, Rehm D, Backer V, Tommerup L, Kleineâ Tebbe J. Effective treatment of house dust miteâ induced allergic rhinitis with 2 doses of the SQ HDM SLITâ tablet: Results from a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled phase III trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 444 â 451.e8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFonseca JA, Nogueiraâ Silva L, Moraisâ Almeida M, et al. Validation of a questionnaire (CARAT10) to assess rhinitis and asthma in patients with asthma. Allergy. 2010; 65: 1042 â 1048.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlimek L, Bachert C, Lukat KF, Pfaar O, Meyer H, Narkus A. Allergy immunotherapy with a hypoallergenic recombinant birch pollen allergen rBet v 1â FV in a randomized controlled trial. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015; 5: 28.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHäfner D, Reich K, Matricardi PM, Meyer H, Kettner J, Narkus A. Prospective validation of â Allergyâ Controlâ SCOREâ ¢â : a novel symptomâ medication score for clinical trials. Allergy. 2011; 66: 629 â 636.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemoly P, Jankowski R, Chassany O, Bessah Y, Allaert FA. Validation of a selfâ questionnaire for assessing the control of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011; 41: 860 â 868.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemoly P, Calderon MA, Casale T, et al. Assessment of disease control in allergic rhinitis. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013; 3: 7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Schatz M, Nathan R, Garris C, Stanford RH, Kosinski M. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test in patients with rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 379 â 386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpector SL, Nicklas RA, Chapman JA, et al. Symptom severity assessment of allergic rhinitis: part 1. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91: 105 â 114.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnnesiâ Maesano I, Didier A, Klossek M, Chanal I, Moreau D, Bousquet J. The score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR): a simple and valid assessment method in population studies. Allergy. 2002; 57: 107 â 114.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet PJ, Combescure C, Neukirch F, et al. Visual analog scales can assess the severity of rhinitis graded according to ARIA guidelines. Allergy. 2007; 62: 367 â 372.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDevillier P, Chassany O, Vicaut E, et al. The minimally important difference in the Rhinoconjunctivitis Total Symptom Score in grassâ pollenâ induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy. 2014; 69: 1689 â 1695.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalimberti M, Passalacqua G, Incorvaia C, et al. Catching allergy by a simple questionnaire. World Allergy Organ J. 2015; 8: 16.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Bona D, Plaia A, Letoâ Barone MS, La Piana S, Di Lorenzo G. Efficacy of grass pollen allergen sublingual immunotherapy tablets for seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175: 1301 â 1309.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnon JB. Introduction to in vivo allergy testing. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993; 109: 593 â 600.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim BJ, Mun SK. Objective measurements using the skin prick test in allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010; 136: 1104 â 1106.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein IL, Li JT, Bernstein DI, et al. Allergy diagnostic testing: an updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 100: S1 â S148.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTschopp JM, Sistek D, Schindler C, et al. Current allergic asthma and rhinitis: diagnostic efficiency of three commonly used atopic markers (IgE, skin prick tests, and Phadiatop). Results from 8329 randomized adults from the SAPALDIA Study. Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. Allergy. 1998; 53: 608 â 613.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSander I, Fleischer C, Meurer U, Bruning T, Raulfâ Heimsoth M. Allergen content of grass pollen preparations for skin prick testing and sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy. 2009; 64: 1486 â 1492.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCurin M, Reininger R, Swoboda I, Focke M, Valenta R, Spitzauer S. Skin prick test extracts for dog allergy diagnosis show considerable variations regarding the content of major and minor dog allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 154: 258 â 263.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown HM, Su S, Thantrey N. Prick testing for allergens standardized by using a precision needle. Clin Allergy. 1981; 11: 95 â 98.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAtes A, Kinikli G, Turgay M, Aydogan N, Duman M. The results of skin prick testing in patients with allergic rhinitis: a comparison between a multiple lancet device and a single lancet. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2004; 22: 109 â 114.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePhagoo SB, Wilson NM, Silverman M. Skin prick testing using allergenâ coated lancets: a comparison between a multiple lancet device and a single lancet applied with varying pressures. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991; 21: 589 â 593.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRhodius R, Wickens K, Cheng S, Crane J. A comparison of two skin test methodologies and allergens from two different manufacturers. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 88: 374 â 379.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePiette V, Bourret E, Bousquet J, Demoly P. Prick tests to aeroallergens: is it possible simply to wipe the device between tests ? Allergy. 2002; 57: 940 â 942.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNevis IF, Binkley K, Kabali C. Diagnostic accuracy of skinâ prick testing for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016; 12: 20.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse JH, Shah AG, Kerswill K. Skin testing in predicting response to nasal provocation with alternaria. Laryngoscope. 2004; 114: 1389 â 1393.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse JH, Sadrazodi K, Kerswill K. Sensitivity and specificity of prick and intradermal testing in predicting response to nasal provocation with timothy grass antigen. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 131: 215 â 219.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGungor A, Houser SM, Aquino BF, et al. A comparison of skin endpoint titration and skinâ prick testing in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Ear Nose Throat J. 2004; 83: 54 â 60.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZarei M, Remer CF, Kaplan MS, et al. Optimal skin prick wheal size for diagnosis of cat allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 92: 604 â 610.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePumhirun P, Janeâ Trakoonroj S, Wasuwat P. Comparison of in vitro assay for specific IgE and skin prick test with intradermal test in patients with allergic rhinitis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2000; 18: 157 â 160.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeinzerling L, Mari A, Bergmann KC, et al. The skin prick testâ European standards. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013; 3: 3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKvisselgaard AD, Kroigaard M, Mosbech HF, Garvey LH. No cases of perioperative allergy to local anaesthetics in the Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017; 61: 149 â 155.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMertes PM, Moneretâ Vautrin DA, Leynadier F, Laxenaire MC. Skin reactions to intradermal neuromuscular blocking agent injections: a randomized multicenter trial in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2007; 107: 245 â 252.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMota I, Gaspar A, Chambel M, Piedade S, Moraisâ Almeida M. Hypersensitivity to betaâ lactam antibiotics: a threeâ year study. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 48: 212 â 219.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerti A, Dellaâ Torre E, Yacoub M, et al. Patients with breakthrough reactions to iodinated contrast media have low incidence of positive skin tests. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 48: 137 â 144.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTrevino RJ, Gordon BR, Veling MC. Food allergy and hypersensitivity. In: Krouse HJ, Chadwick SJ, Gordon BR, Derebery MJ, eds. Allergy and Immunology: An Otolaryngic Approach: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002: 50 â 77.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFox RA, Sabo BM, Williams TP, Joffres MR. Intradermal testing for food and chemical sensitivities: a doubleâ blind controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103: 907 â 911.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDe Asis LB, Reisacher WR. Allergen immunotherapy. In: Rosenstreich DL, ed. Manual of Allergy and Clinical Immunology for Otolaryngologists. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing; 2015: 383 â 406.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeltier J, Ryan MW. Comparison of intradermal dilutional testing, skin prick testing, and modified quantitative testing for common allergens. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007; 137: 246 â 249.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTrevino RJ, Veling MC. The importance of quantifying skin reactivity in treating allergic rhinitis with immunotherapy. Ear Nose Throat J. 2000; 79: 362 â 364, 366.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNiemeijer NR, Goedewaagen B, Kauffman HF, de Monchy JG. Optimization of skin testing. I. Choosing allergen concentrations and cutoff values by factorial design. Allergy. 1993; 48: 491 â 497.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFornadley JA. Skin testing for inhalant allergy. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4 ( Suppl 2 ): S41 â S45.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLockey RF, Benedict LM, Turkeltaub PC, Bukantz SC. Fatalities from immunotherapy (IT) and skin testing (ST). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987; 79: 660 â 677.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKing HC. Skin endpoint titration. Still the standard ? Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1992; 25: 13 â 25.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeltier J, Ryan MW. Comparison of intradermal dilutional testing with the Multiâ Test II applicator in testing for mold allergy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006; 134: 240 â 244.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimons JP, Rubinstein EN, Kogut VJ, Melfi PJ, Ferguson BJ. Comparison of Multiâ Test II skin prick testing to intradermal dilutional testing. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 130: 536 â 544.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePurohit A, Laffer S, Metzâ Favre C, et al. Poor association between allergenâ specific serum immunoglobulin E levels, skin sensitivity and basophil degranulation: a study with recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and an immunoglobulin E detection system measuring immunoglobulin E capable of binding to Fc epsilon RI. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 186 â 192.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerera MG, Bernstein IL, Michael JG, Johansson SG. Predictability of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in ragweed pollenosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975; 111: 605 â 610.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOntario HQ. Skin testing for allergic rhinitis: a health technology assessemnt. Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series. 2016; 16: 1 â 45.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNiemeijer NR, Fluks AF, de Monchy JG. Optimization of skin testing. II. Evaluation of concentration and cutoff values, as compared with RAST and clinical history, in a multicenter study. Allergy. 1993; 48: 498 â 503.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson HS, Oppenheimer J, Buchmeier A, Kordash TR, Freshwater LL. An assessment of the role of intradermal skin testing in the diagnosis of clinically relevant allergy to Timothy grass. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 97: 1193 â 1201.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReddy PM, Nagaya H, Pascual HC, et al. Reappraisal of intracutaneous tests in the diagnosis of reaginic allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1978; 61: 36 â 41.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchwindt CD, Hutcheson PS, Leu SY, Dykewicz MS. Role of intradermal skin tests in the evaluation of clinically relevant respiratory allergy assessed using patient history and nasal challenges. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 94: 627 â 633.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLarrabee YC, Reisacher W. Intradermal testing after negative skin prick testing for patients with high suspicion of allergy. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 547 â 550.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEscudero AI, Sanchezâ Guerrero IM, Mora AM, et al. Costâ effectiveness of various methods of diagnosing hypersensitivity to Alternaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1993; 21: 153 â 157.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse JH, Krouse HJ. Modulation of immune mediators with MQTâ based immunotherapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006; 134: 746 â 750.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLewis AF, Franzese C, Stringer SP. Diagnostic evaluation of inhalant allergies: a costâ effectiveness analysis. Am J Rhinol. 2008; 22: 246 â 252.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLong WF, Taylor RJ, Wagner CJ, Leavengood DC, Nelson HS. Skin test suppression by antihistamines and the development of subsensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985; 76: 113 â 117.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePhillips MJ, Meyrick Thomas RH, Moodley I, Davies RJ. A comparison of the in vivo effects of ketotifen, clemastine, chlorpheniramine and sodium cromoglycate on histamine and allergen induced weals in human skin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 15: 277 â 286.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimons FE, Simons KJ. Peripheral H1â blockade effect of fexofenadine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997; 79: 530 â 532.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimons FE, Johnston L, Gu X, Simons KJ. Suppression of the early and late cutaneous allergic responses using fexofenadine and montelukast. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 86: 44 â 50.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlmind M, Dirksen A, Nielsen NH, Svendsen UG. Duration of the inhibitory activity on histamineâ induced skin weals of sedative and nonâ sedative antihistamines. Allergy. 1988; 43: 593 â 596.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCook TJ, MacQueen DM, Wittig HJ, Thornby JI, Lantos RL, Virtue CM. Degree and duration of skin test suppression and side effects with antihistamines. A double blind controlled study with five antihistamines. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1973; 51: 71 â 77.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePearlman DS, Grossman J, Meltzer EO. Histamine skin test reactivity following single and multiple doses of azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91: 258 â 262.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiller J, Nelson HS. Suppression of immediate skin tests by ranitidine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989; 84: 895 â 899.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKupczyk M, Kuprys I, Bochenskaâ Marciniak M, Gorski P, Kuna P. Ranitidine (150 mg daily) inhibits wheal, flare, and itching reactions in skinâ prick tests. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007; 28: 711 â 715.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHarvey RP, Schocket AL. The effect of H1 and H2 blockade on cutaneous histamine response in man. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1980; 65: 136 â 139.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRao KS, Menon PK, Hilman BC, Sebastian CS, Bairnsfather L. Duration of the suppressive effect of tricyclic antidepressants on histamineâ induced whealâ andâ flare reactions in human skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988; 82: 752 â 757.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse JH, Brown RW, Fineman SM, et al. Asthma and the unified airway. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007; 136: S75 â S106.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIsik SR, Celikel S, Karakaya G, Ulug B, Kalyoncu AF. The effects of antidepressants on the results of skin prick tests used in the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 154: 63 â 68.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorren J, Shapiro G, Reimann J, et al. Allergen skin tests and free IgE levels during reduction and cessation of omalizumab therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121: 506 â 511.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHill SL 3rd, Krouse JH. The effects of montelukast on intradermal wheal and flare. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 129: 199 â 203.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCuhadaroglu C, Erelel M, Kiyan E, Ece T, Erkan F. Role of Zafirlukast on skin prick test. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2001; 29: 66 â 68.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDes Roches A, Paradis L, Bougeard YH, Godard P, Bousquet J, Chanez P. Longâ term oral corticosteroid therapy does not alter the results of immediateâ type allergy skin prick tests. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 98: 522 â 527.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSlott RI, Zweiman B. A controlled study of the effect of corticosteroids on immediate skin test reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1974; 54: 229 â 234.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOlson R, Karpink MH, Shelanski S, Atkins PC, Zweiman B. Skin reactivity to codeine and histamine during prolonged corticosteroid therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990; 86: 153 â 159.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeng B, Thakor A, Clayton E, Finkas L, Riedl MA. Factors associated with negative histamine control for penicillin allergy skin testing in the inpatient setting. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115: 33 â 38.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNarasimha SK, Srinivas CR, Mathew AC. Effect of topical corticosteroid application frequency on histamineâ induced wheals. Int J Dermatol. 2005; 44: 425 â 427.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndersson M, Pipkorn U. Inhibition of the dermal immediate allergic reaction through prolonged treatment with topical glucocorticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987; 79: 345 â 349.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePipkorn U, Proud D, Lichtenstein LM, et al. Effect of shortâ term systemic glucocorticoid treatment on human nasal mediator release after antigen challenge. J Clin Invest. 1987; 80: 957 â 961.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGradman J, Wolthers OD. Suppressive effects of topical mometasone furoate and tacrolimus on skin prick testing in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008; 25: 269 â 270.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShah KM, Rank MA, Dave SA, Oslie CL, Butterfield JH. Predicting which medication classes interfere with allergy skin testing. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2010; 31: 477 â 482.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDuenasâ Laita A, Ruizâ Munoz P, Armentia A, Pinacho F, Martinâ Armentia B. Successful treatment of chronic drugâ resistant urticaria with alprazolam. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 123: 504 â 505.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpergel JM, Nurse N, Taylor P, Parneixâ Spake A. Effect of topical pimecrolimus on epicutaneous skin testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114: 695 â 697.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMore DR, Napoli DC, Hagan LL. Herbal supplements and skin testing: the lack of effect of commonly used herbal supplements on histamine skin prick testing. Allergy. 2003; 58: 492 â 494.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNoga O, Hanf G, Kunkel G. Immunological and clinical changes in allergic asthmatics following treatment with omalizumab. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003; 131: 46 â 52.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePipkorn U, Hammarlund A, Enerback L. Prolonged treatment with topical glucocorticoids results in an inhibition of the allergenâ induced wealâ andâ flare response and a reduction in skin mast cell numbers and histamine content. Clin Exp Allergy. 1989; 19: 19 â 25.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndo M, Shima M. Serum interleukins 12 and 18 and immunoglobulin E concentrations and allergic symptoms in Japanese schoolchildren. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2007; 17: 14 â 19.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarinho S, Simpson A, Soderstrom L, Woodcock A, Ahlstedt S, Custovic A. Quantification of atopy and the probability of rhinitis in preschool children: a populationâ based birth cohort study. Allergy. 2007; 62: 1379 â 1386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKalpaklioglu AF, Kavut AB. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis: can we find the differences/similarities between the two pictures ? J Asthma. 2009; 46: 481 â 485.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJung YG, Kim KH, Kim HY, Dhong HJ, Chung SK. Predictive capabilities of serum eosinophil cationic protein, percentage of eosinophils and total immunoglobulin E in allergic rhinitis without bronchial asthma. J Int Med Res. 2011; 39: 2209 â 2216.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemirjian M, Rumbyrt JS, Gowda VC, Klaustermeyer WB. Serum IgE and eosinophil count in allergic rhinitisâ analysis using a modified Bayesâ theorem. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012; 40: 281 â 287.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHatcher JL, Cohen SD, Mims JW. Total serum immunoglobulin E as a marker for missed antigens on in vitro allergy screening. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 782 â 787.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarli R, Balbaloglu E, Uzun L, Cinar F, Ugur MB. Correlation of symptoms with total IgE and specific IgE levels in patients presenting with allergic rhinitis. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2013; 7: 75 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChung D, Park KT, Yarlagadda B, Davis EM, Platt M. The significance of serum total immunoglobulin E for in vitro diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4: 56 â 60.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacobs TS, Forno E, Brehm JM, et al. Underdiagnosis of allergic rhinitis in underserved children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 737 â 739.e6.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi Y, Wu R, Tian Y, Bao T, Tian Z. The correlation of serum eosinophil cationic protein level with eosinophil count, and total IgE level in Korean adult allergic rhinitis patients. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2016; 34: 33 â 37.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePark SC, Kim JH, Lee KH, Hong SC, Lee HS, Kang JW. Association of serum eosinophilia and total immunoglobulin E concentration with the risk of allergic symptoms and allergic sensitization, respectively: A 2â year followâ up study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016; 86: 167 â 171.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSatwani H, Rehman A, Ashraf S, Hassan A. Is serum total IgE levels a good predictor of allergies in children ? J Pak Med Assoc. 2009; 59: 698 â 702.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTu YL, Chang SW, Tsai HJ, et al. Total serum IgE in a populationâ based study of Asian children in Taiwan: reference value and significance in the diagnosis of allergy. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e80996.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTay TR, Bosco J, Aumann H, O’Hehir R, Hew M. Elevated total serum immunoglobulin E (â ¥1000 IU/mL): implications ? Intern Med J. 2016; 46: 846 â 849.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHussâ Marp J, Darsow U, Brockow K, et al. Can immunoglobulin Eâ measurement replace challenge tests in allergic rhinoconjunctivits to grass pollen ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2011; 41: 1116 â 1124.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarakoc GB, Yilmaz M, Altintas DU, Kendirli SG. Can serumâ specific IgE/total IgE ratio predict clinical response to allergenâ specific immunotherapy in children monosensitized to house dust mite ? J Allergy (Cairo). 2012; 2012: 694094.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Lorenzo G, Mansueto P, Pacor ML, et al. Evaluation of serum sâ IgE/total IgE ratio in predicting clinical response to allergenâ specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 123: 1103 â 1110.e4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShamji MH, Kappen JH, Akdis M, et al. Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: an EAACI Position Paper. Allergy. 2017; 72: 1156 â 1173.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamilton RG. Clinical laboratory assessment of immediateâ type hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: S284 â S296.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWide L, Bennich H, Johansson SG. Diagnosis of allergy by an inâ vitro test for allergen antibodies. Lancet. 1967; 2: 1105 â 1107.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCox L. Overview of serologicalâ specific IgE antibody testing in children. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011; 11: 447 â 453.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOsguthorpe JD. In vitro allergy testing. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4 ( Suppl 2 ): S46 â S50.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown CE, Jones CJ, Stuttaford L, Robertson A, Rashid RS, Smith HE. A qualitative study of the allergy testing experiences, views and preferences of adult patients. Clin Transl Allergy. 2016; 6: 34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMari A, Iacovacci P, Afferni C, et al. Specific IgE to crossâ reactive carbohydrate determinants strongly affect the in vitro diagnosis of allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103: 1005 â 1011.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWood RA, Segall N, Ahlstedt S, Williams PB. Accuracy of IgE antibody laboratory results. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007; 99: 34 â 41.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang J, Godbold JH, Sampson HA. Correlation of serum allergy (IgE) tests performed by different assay systems. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121: 1219 â 1224.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEmanuel IA. In vitro testing for allergy diagnosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2003; 36: 879 â 893.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorsico AG, De Amici M, Ronzoni V, et al. Allergenâ specific immunoglobulin E and allergic rhinitis severity. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2017; 8: 1 â 4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiprandi G, De Amici M, Giunta V, Marseglia GL. Comparison of serum specific IgE and skin prick test in polysensitized patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010; 23: 1293 â 1295.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen ST, Sun HL, Lu KH, Lue KH, Chou MC. Correlation of immunoglobulin E, eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil count with the severity of childhood perennial allergic rhinitis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006; 39: 212 â 218.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiprandi G, Comite P, Ferrero F, Fontana V, Bruzzone M, Mussap M. Serum allergenâ specific IgE, allergic rhinitis severity, and age. Rhinology. 2016; 54: 231 â 238.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiprandi G, Comite P, Ferrero F, et al. Birch allergy and oral allergy syndrome: the practical relevance of serum immunoglobulin E to Bet v 1. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016; 37: 43 â 49.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHowarth P, Malling HJ, Molimard M, Devillier P. Analysis of allergen immunotherapy studies shows increased clinical efficacy in highly symptomatic patients. Allergy. 2012; 67: 321 â 327.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOwnby DR, Bailey J. Comparison of MAST with radioallergosorbent and skin tests for diagnosis of allergy in children. Am J Dis Child. 1986; 140: 45 â 48.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFerguson AC, Murray AB. Predictive value of skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests for clinical allergy to dogs and cats. CMAJ. 1986; 134: 1365 â 1368.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChinoy B, Yee E, Bahna SL. Skin testing versus radioallergosorbent testing for indoor allergens. Clin Mol Allergy. 2005; 3: 4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTversky JR, Chelladurai Y, McGready J, Hamilton RG. Performance and pain tolerability of current diagnostic allergy skin prick test devices. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015; 3: 888 â 893.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIshizaka T, Ishizaka K, Johansson SG, Bennich H. Histamine release from human leukocytes by antiâ gamma E antibodies. J Immunol. 1969; 102: 884 â 892.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGendo K, Larson EB. Evidenceâ based diagnostic strategies for evaluating suspected allergic rhinitis. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 140: 278 â 289.
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Vos G, Nazari R, Ferastraoaru D, et al. Discordance between aeroallergen specific serum IgE and skin testing in children younger than 4 years. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013; 110: 438 â 443.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSharma HP, Wood RA, Bravo AR, Matsui EC. A comparison of skin prick tests, intradermal skin tests, and specific IgE in the diagnosis of mouse allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121: 933 â 939.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein DI, Biagini RE, Karnani R, et al. In vivo sensitization to purified Hevea brasiliensis proteins in health care workers sensitized to natural rubber latex. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 111: 610 â 616.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKoskela H, Taivainen A, Tukiainen H, Chan HK. Inhalation challenge with bovine dander allergens: who needs it ? Chest. 2003; 124: 383 â 391.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ClinicalLabFeeSched/. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiccardi G, D’Amato G, Canonica GW, Salzillo A, Piccolo A, Passalacqua G. Systemic reactions from skin testing: literature review. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006; 16: 75 â 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson HS, Lahr J, Buchmeier A, McCormick D. Evaluation of devices for skin prick testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 101: 153 â 156.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndersen HH, Lundgaard AC, Petersen AS, et al. The lancet weight determines wheal diameter in response to skin prick testing with histamine. PLoS One. 2016; 11: e0156211.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarr WW, Martin B, Howard RS, et al. Comparison of test devices for skin prick testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 341 â 346.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSeibert SM, King TS, Kline D, Mende C, Craig T. Reliability of skin test results when read at different time points. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011; 32: 203 â 205.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan der Veen MJ, Mulder M, Witteman AM, et al. Falseâ positive skin prick test responses to commercially available dog dander extracts caused by contamination with house dust mite ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ) allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 98: 1028 â 1034.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCann WA, Ownby DR. The reproducibility of the allergy skin test scoring and interpretation by boardâ certified/boardâ eligible allergists. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 89: 368 â 371.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChoi IS, Koh YI, Koh JS, Lee MG. Sensitivity of the skin prick test and specificity of the serumâ specific IgE test for airway responsiveness to house dust mites in asthma. J Asthma. 2005; 42: 197 â 202.
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Vos G. Skin testing versus serumâ specific IgE testing: which is better for diagnosing aeroallergen sensitization and predicting clinical allergy ? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2014; 14: 430.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHermansson LL, Korhonen K, Silvan M, Rantanen S, Isoaho R, Savolainen J. Prospective study on costâ effectiveness of nurse interviw introducing retesting with in vitro diagnostics (IVD) to parents of children with suspected food allergy in Finland. Value Health. 2014; 17: A588.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePastorello EA, Incorvaia C, Ortolani C, et al. Studies on the relationship between the level of specific IgE antibodies and the clinical expression of allergy: I. Definition of levels distinguishing patients with symptomatic from patients with asymptomatic allergy to common aeroallergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 96: 580 â 587.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaxel BR, Huppertz T, Boessert P, Bast F, Fruth K. Correlation of skin test results and specific immunoglobulin E blood levels with nasal provocation testing for houseâ dust mite allergies. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016; 30: 60 â 64.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdinoff AD, Rosloniec DM, McCall LL, Nelson HS. Immediate skin test reactivity to Food and Drug Administrationâ approved standardized extracts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990; 86: 766 â 774.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTantilipikorn P, Danpornprasert P, Ngaotepprutaram P, Assanasen P, Bunnag C, Thinkhamrop B. The correlation between intradermal testing and serum specific IgE to house dust mite in negative skin prick test allergic rhinitis adult patients. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2015; 33: 308 â 311.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePowe DG, Groot Kormelink T, Sisson M, et al. Evidence for the involvement of free light chain immunoglobulins in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: 139 â 145.e3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKleinJan A, Godthelp T, van Toornenenbergen AW, Fokkens WJ. Allergen binding to specific IgE in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997; 99: 515 â 521.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarney AS, Powe DG, Huskisson RS, Jones NS. Atypical nasal challenges in patients with idiopathic rhinitis: more evidence for the existence of allergy in the absence of atopy ? Clin Exp Allergy. 2002; 32: 1436 â 1440.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReisacher WR, Bremberg MG. Prevalence of antigenâ specific immunoglobulin E on mucosal brush biopsy of the inferior turbinates in patients with nonallergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4: 292 â 297.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNicolai T, Bellach B, Mutius EV, Thefeld W, Hoffmeister H. Increased prevalence of sensitization against aeroallergens in adults in West compared with East Germany. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997; 27: 886 â 892.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFuiano N, Fusilli S, Incorvaia C. A role for measurement of nasal IgE antibodies in diagnosis of Alternaria â induced rhinitis in children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012; 40: 71 â 74.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReisacher WR. Total and allergenâ specific immunoglobulin E in the serum and nasal mucosa of a nonallergic population. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6: 618 â 623.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Blancaâ Lopez N, Aranda A, et al. Local allergic rhinitis: allergen tolerance and immunologic changes after preseasonal immunotherapy with grass pollen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127: 1069 â 1071.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim JH, Yoon MG, Seo DH, et al. Detection of allergen specific antibodies from nasal secretion of allergic rhinitis patients. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016; 8: 329 â 337.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee KS, Yu J, Shim D, et al. Local immune responses in children and adults with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. PLoS One. 2016; 11: e0156979.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSakaida H, Masuda S, Takeuchi K. Measurement of Japanese cedar pollenâ specific IgE in nasal secretions. Allergol Int. 2014; 63: 467 â 473.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOta Y, Ikemiyagi Y, Sato T, et al. Measuring local immunoglobulin E in the inferior turbinate nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergol Int. 2016; 65: 396 â 399.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBecker S, Rasp J, Eder K, Berghaus A, Kramer MF, Groger M. Nonâ allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome is not associated with local production of specific IgE in nasal mucosa. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016; 273: 1469 â 1475.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReisacher WR. Detecting local immunoglobulin E from mucosal brush biopsy of the inferior turbinates using microarray analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 399 â 403.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReisacher WR. Mucosal brush biopsy testing of the inferior turbinate to detect local, antigenâ specific immunoglobulin E. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2012; 2: 69 â 74.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSensi LG, Piacentini GL, Nobile E, et al. Changes in nasal specific IgE to mites after periods of allergen exposureâ avoidance: a comparison with serum levels. Clin Exp Allergy. 1994; 24: 377 â 382.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoffmann HJ, Knol EF, Ferrer M, et al. Pros and cons of clinical basophil testing (BAT). Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16: 56.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSanz ML, Sanchez G, Gamboa PM, et al. Allergenâ induced basophil activation: CD63 cell expression detected by flow cytometry in patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lolium perenne. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 1007 â 1013.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOcmant A, Peignois Y, Mulier S, Hanssens L, Michils A, Schandene L. Flow cytometry for basophil activation markers: the measurement of CD203c upâ regulation is as reliable as CD63 expression in the diagnosis of cat allergy. J Immunol Methods. 2007; 320: 40 â 48.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNopp A, Cardell LO, Johansson SG, Oman H. CDâ sens: a biological measure of immunological changes stimulated by ASIT. Allergy. 2009; 64: 811 â 814.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNopp A, Cardell LO, Johansson SG. CDâ sens can be a reliable and easyâ toâ use complement in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013; 161: 87 â 90.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchmid JM, Wurtzen PA, Dahl R, Hoffmann HJ. Early improvement in basophil sensitivity predicts symptom relief with grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 741 â 744.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOzdemir SK, Guloglu D, Sin BA, Elhan AH, Ikinciogullari A, Misirligil Z. Reliability of basophil activation test using CD203c expression in diagnosis of pollen allergy. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011; 25: e225 â e231.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeÅ niak M, Dyga W, Porebski G, Czarnobilska E. [Basophil activation testâ a practical approach to diagnosis of common respiratory allergy]. Przegl Lek. 2015; 72: 725 â 730. Polish.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLesniak M, Dyga W, Rusinek B, Mazur M, Czarnobilska E. Comparison of the basophil activation test versus the nasal provocation test in establishing eligibility for specific immunotherapy. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2016; 126: 521 â 529.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNopp A, Johansson SG, Ankerst J, et al. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity: a useful approach to antiâ IgE treatment efficacy evaluation. Allergy. 2006; 61: 298 â 302.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZidarn M, Kosnik M, Silar M, Grahek A, Korosec P. Rhinitis symptoms caused by grass pollen are associated with elevated basophile allergen sensitivity and a larger grassâ specific immunoglobulin E fraction. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42: 49 â 57.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZidarn M, Kosnik M, Silar M, Bajrovic N, Korosec P. Sustained effect of grass pollen subcutaneous immunotherapy on suppression of allergenâ specific basophil response; a realâ life, nonrandomized controlled study. Allergy. 2015; 70: 547 â 555.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Overtvelt L, Baronâ Bodo V, Horiot S, et al. Changes in basophil activation during grassâ pollen sublingual immunotherapy do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Allergy. 2011; 66: 1530 â 1537.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndo N, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, et al. Allergenâ specific basophil reactivity exhibits daily variations in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2015; 70: 319 â 322.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMatricardi PM, Kleineâ Tebbe J, Hoffmann HJ, et al. EAACI Molecular Allergology User’s Guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016; 27 ( Suppl 23 ): 1 â 250.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSastre J. Molecular diagnosis in allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 1442 â 1460.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSastreâ Ibanez M, Sastre J. Molecular allergy diagnosis for the clinical characterization of asthma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015; 15: 789 â 799.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCanonica GW, Ansotegui IJ, Pawankar R, et al. A WAOâ ARIAâ GA 2 LEN consensus document on molecularâ based allergy diagnostics. World Allergy Organ J. 2013; 6: 17.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSastre J, Sastreâ Ibanez M. Molecular diagnosis and immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 16: 565 â 570.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSastre J. Molecular diagnosis and immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 13: 646 â 650.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScala E, Abeni D, Pomponi D, et al. Ole e 1, Ole e 7, and Ole e 9: identifying distinct clinical subsets of olive treeâ allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 629 â 631.e3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSastre J, Rodriguez F, Campo P, Laffond E, Marin A, Alonso MD. Adverse reactions to immunotherapy are associated with different patterns of sensitization to grass allergens. Allergy. 2015; 70: 598 â 600.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBronnert M, Mancini J, Birnbaum J, et al. Componentâ resolved diagnosis with commercially available D. pteronyssinus Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 10: relevant markers for house dust mite allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42: 1406 â 1415.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarber D, Arias J, Boquete M, et al. Analysis of mite allergic patients in a diverse territory by improved diagnostic tools. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42: 1129 â 1138.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarvalho Kdos A, de Meloâ Neto OP, Magalhaes FB, et al. Blomia tropicalis Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 recombinant allergens might confer higher specificity to serodiagnostic assays than whole mite extract. BMC Immunol. 2013; 14: 11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAyuso R, Reese G, Leongâ Kee S, Plante M, Lehrer SB. Molecular basis of arthropod crossâ reactivity: IgEâ binding crossâ reactive epitopes of shrimp, house dust mite and cockroach tropomyosins. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002; 129: 38 â 48.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGamez C, Sanchezâ Garcia S, Ibanez MD, et al. Tropomyosin IgEâ positive results are a good predictor of shrimp allergy. Allergy. 2011; 66: 1375 â 1383.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaarelainen S, Taivainen A, Rytkonenâ Nissinen M, et al. Assessment of recombinant dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2 for the diagnosis of dog allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 1576 â 1582.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMattsson L, Lundgren T, Everberg H, Larsson H, Lidholm J. Prostatic kallikrein: a new major dog allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 123: 362 â 368.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUriarte SA, Sastre J. Clinical relevance of molecular diagnosis in pet allergy. Allergy. 2016; 71: 1066 â 1068.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEder K, Becker S, San Nicolo M, Berghaus A, Groger M. Usefulness of component resolved analysis of cat allergy in routine clinical practice. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016; 12: 58.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCabanas R, Lopezâ Serrano MC, Carreira J, et al. Importance of albumin in crossâ reactivity among cat, dog and horse allergens. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2000; 10: 71 â 77.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmith W, Butler AJ, Hazell LA, et al. Fel d 4, a cat lipocalin allergen. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 1732 â 1738.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaarelainen S, Rytkonenâ Nissinen M, Rouvinen J, et al. Animalâ derived lipocalin allergens exhibit immunoglobulin E crossâ reactivity. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38: 374 â 381.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArruda LK, Vailes LD, Ferriani VP, Santos AB, Pomes A, Chapman MD. Cockroach allergens and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 419 â 428.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePostigo I, Gutierrezâ Rodriguez A, Fernandez J, Guisantes JA, Sunen E, Martinez J. Diagnostic value of Alt a 1, fungal enolase and manganeseâ dependent superoxide dismutase in the componentâ resolved diagnosis of allergy to Pleosporaceae. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011; 41: 443 â 451.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarber D, Moreno C, Ledesma A, et al. Degree of olive pollen exposure and sensitization patterns. Clinical implications. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2007; 17 ( Suppl 1 ): 11 â 16.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLetran A, Espinazo M, Moreno F. Measurement of IgE to pollen allergen components is helpful in selecting patients for immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013; 111: 295 â 297.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDeliu M, Belgrave D, Simpson A, Murray CS, Kerry G, Custovic A. Impact of rhinitis on asthma severity in schoolâ age children. Allergy. 2014; 69: 1515 â 1521.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarroll WD, Lenney W, Child F, et al. Asthma severity and atopy: how clear is the relationship ? Arch Dis Child. 2006; 91: 405 â 409.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimpson BM, Custovic A, Simpson A, et al. NAC Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (NACMAAS): risk factors for asthma and allergic disorders in adults. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 391 â 399.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDreborg S, Frew A. Position paper: allergen standardization and skin tests. Allergy. 1993; 48: 49 â 82.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, et al. Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 832 â 836.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDel Giacco SR, Bakirtas A, Bel E, et al. Allergy in severe asthma. Allergy. 2017; 72: 207 â 220.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoberts G, Ollert M, Aalberse R, et al. A new framework for the interpretation of IgE sensitization tests. Allergy. 2016; 71: 1540 â 1551.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoberts G, Xatzipsalti M, Borrego LM, et al. Paediatric rhinitis: position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1102 â 1116.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCustovic A, Johnston SL, Pavord I, et al. EAACI position statement on asthma exacerbations and severe asthma. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1520 â 1531.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTreudler R, Simon JC. Overview of component resolved diagnostics. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013; 13: 110 â 117.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatelis A, Borres MP, Kober A, Berthold M. Multiplex componentâ based allergen microarray in recent clinical studies. Clin Exp Allergy. 2016; 46: 1022 â 1032.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValenta R, Lidholm J, Niederberger V, Hayek B, Kraft D, Gronlund H. The recombinant allergenâ based concept of componentâ resolved diagnostics and immunotherapy (CRD and CRIT). Clin Exp Allergy. 1999; 29: 896 â 904.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsarnoj A, Hamsten C, Waden K, et al. Sensitization to cat and dog allergen molecules in childhood and prediction of symptoms of cat and dog allergy in adolescence: a BAMSE/MeDALL study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 813 â 821.e7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceProsperi MC, Belgrave D, Buchan I, Simpson A, Custovic A. Challenges in interpreting allergen microarrays in relation to clinical symptoms: a machine learning approach. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014; 25: 71 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimpson A, Lazic N, Belgrave DC, et al. Patterns of IgE responses to multiple allergen components and clinical symptoms at age 11 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 1224 â 1231.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCustovic A, Sonntag HJ, Buchan IE, Belgrave D, Simpson A, Prosperi MC. Evolution pathways of IgE responses to grass and mite allergens throughout childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 1645 â 1652.e8.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePosa D, Perna S, Resch Y, et al. Evolution and predictive value of IgE responses toward a comprehensive panel of house dust mite allergens during the first 2 decades of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 139: 541 â 549.e8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCustovic A, Lazic N, Simpson A. Pediatric asthma and development of atopy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 13: 173 â 180.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLazic N, Roberts G, Custovic A, et al. Multiple atopy phenotypes and their associations with asthma: similar findings from two birth cohorts. Allergy. 2013; 68: 764 â 770.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimpson A, Tan VY, Winn J, et al. Beyond atopy: multiple patterns of sensitization in relation to asthma in a birth cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 181: 1200 â 1206.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolt PG, Strickland D, Bosco A, et al. Distinguishing benign from pathologic TH2 immunity in atopic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 379 â 387.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosnerâ Friese K, Kaul S, Vieths S, Pfaar O. Environmental exposure chambers in allergen immunotherapy trials: current status and clinical validation needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135: 636 â 643.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWerfel T, Heratizadeh A, Niebuhr M, et al. Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 96 â 103.e9.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBadorrek P, Dick M, Emmert L, et al. Pollen starch granules in bronchial inflammation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012; 109: 208 â 214.e6.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAhuja SK, Manoharan MS, Harper NL, et al. Preservation of epithelial cell barrier function and muted inflammation in resistance to allergic rhinoconjunctivitis from house dust mite challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 139: 844 â 854.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllis AK, Steacy LM, Hobsbawn B, Conway CE, Walker TJ. Clinical validation of controlled grass pollen challenge in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU). Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2015; 11: 5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEllis AK, Soliman M, Steacy LM, Adams DE, Hobsbawn B, Walker TJ. Clinical validation of controlled exposure to birch pollen in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU). Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016; 12: 53.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEnomoto T, Ide T, Ogino S. Construction of an environmental exposure unit and investigation of the effects of cetirizine hydrochloride on symptoms of cedar pollinosis in Japan. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2007; 17: 173 â 181.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHashiguchi K, Tang H, Fujita T, et al. Validation study of the OHIO Chamber in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009; 149: 141 â 149.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacobs RL, Ramirez DA, Andrews CP. Validation of the biogenics research chamber for Juniperus ashei (mountain cedar) pollen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 107: 133 â 138.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrug N, Hohlfeld JM, Larbig M, et al. Validation of an environmental exposure unit for controlled human inhalation studies with grass pollen in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003; 33: 1667 â 1674.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLueer K, Biller H, Casper A, et al. Safety, efficacy and repeatability of a novel house dust mite allergen challenge technique in the Fraunhofer allergen challenge chamber. Allergy. 2016; 71: 1693 â 1700.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRonborg SM, Mosbech H, Poulsen LK. Exposure chamber for allergen challenge. A placeboâ controlled, doubleâ blind trial in houseâ dustâ mite asthma. Allergy. 1997; 52: 821 â 828.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZuberbier T, Abelson MB, Akdis CA, et al. Validation of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA 2 LEN) chamber for trials in allergy: innovation of a mobile allergen exposure chamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 139: 1158 â 1166.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHohlfeld JM, Hollandâ Letz T, Larbig M, et al. Diagnostic value of outcome measures following allergen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber compared with natural conditions. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 998 â 1006.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrug N, Gupta A, Badorrek P, et al. Efficacy of the oral chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule on TH2 cells antagonist BI 671800 in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 414 â 419.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Jäger S, Nirnberger G, et al. Pharmacodynamic dose finding of dimetindene in a sustained release formulation. Arzneimittelforschung. 1993; 43: 1193 â 1195.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak FF, Jäger S, Nirnberger G, et al. Doseâ related control of allergic rhinitis symptoms by a H1â receptor antagonist. Finding the proper doses [correction of dosis] of dimethindene maleate in patients with allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1994; 103: 298 â 302.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDay JH, Briscoe MP, Ratz JD, Ellis AK, Yao R, Danzig M. Onset of action of loratadine/montelukast in seasonal allergic rhinitis subjects exposed to ragweed pollen in the Environmental Exposure Unit. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 270 â 276.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Zieglmayer P, Zieglmayer R, Lemell P. Onset of action of loratadine/montelukast in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients exposed to grass pollen. Arzneimittelforschung. 2010; 60: 249 â 255.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerkowitz RB, Woodworth GG, Lutz C, et al. Onset of action, efficacy, and safety of fexofenadine 60 mg/pseudoephedrine 120 mg versus placebo in the Atlanta allergen exposure unit. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 89: 38 â 45.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDay JH, Briscoe MP, Rafeiro E, Ratz JD. Comparative clinical efficacy, onset and duration of action of levocetirizine and desloratadine for symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in subjects evaluated in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU). Int J Clin Pract. 2004; 58: 109 â 118.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Zieglmayer UP, Zieglmayer R, et al. Azelastine nasal spray and desloratadine tablets in pollenâ induced seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pharmacodynamic study of onset of action and efficacy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006; 22: 151 â 157.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDay JH, Briscoe MP, Rafeiro E, Hewlett D Jr, Chapman D, Kramer B. Randomized doubleâ blind comparison of cetirizine and fexofenadine after pollen challenge in the Environmental Exposure Unit: duration of effect in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2004; 25: 59 â 68.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMurdoch RD, Bareille P, Ignar D, et al. Onceâ daily dosing of levocabastine has comparable efficacy to twiceâ daily dosing in the treatment of allergic rhinitis assessed in an allergen challenge chamber. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 53: 811 â 818.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Zieglmayer PU, Zieglmayer R, Kavina A, Lemell P. Levocetirizine has a longer duration of action on improving total nasal symptoms score than fexofenadine after single administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005; 60: 24 â 31.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBadorrek P, Dick M, Schauerte A, et al. A combination of cetirizine and pseudoephedrine has therapeutic benefits when compared to single drug treatment in allergic rhinitis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 47: 71 â 77.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarchuk WT, Salapatek AM, Ge T, D’Angelo P, Liu X. A proofâ ofâ concept study of the effect of a novel H3â receptor antagonist in allergenâ induced nasal congestion. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132: 838 â 846.e6.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Toth J, Marks B, et al. Efficacy and safety relative to placebo of an oral formulation of cetirizine and sustainedâ release pseudoephedrine in the management of nasal congestion. Allergy. 1998; 53: 849 â 856.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYonekura S, Okamoto Y, Yamamoto H, et al. Randomized doubleâ blind study of prophylactic treatment with an antihistamine for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013; 162: 71 â 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrug N, Hohlfeld JM, Geldmacher H, et al. Effect of loteprednol etabonate nasal spray suspension on seasonal allergic rhinitis assessed by allergen challenge in an environmental exposure unit. Allergy. 2005; 60: 354 â 359.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSalapatek AM, Patel P, Gopalan G, Varghese ST. Mometasone furoate nasal spray provides early, continuing relief of nasal congestion and improves nasal patency in allergic patients. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2010; 24: 433 â 438.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZieglmayer P, Zieglmayer R, Bareille P, Rousell V, Salmon E, Horak F. Fluticasone furoate versus placebo in symptoms of grassâ pollen allergic rhinitis induced by exposure in the Vienna Challenge Chamber. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008; 24: 1833 â 1840.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBareille P, Murdoch RD, Denyer J, et al. The effects of a TRPV1 antagonist, SBâ 705498, in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 51: 576 â 584.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorren J, Wood RA, Patel D, et al. Effects of omalizumab on changes in pulmonary function induced by controlled cat room challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127: 398 â 405.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F. VTXâ 1463, a novel TLR8 agonist for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2011; 20: 981 â 986.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Zieglmayer P, Zieglmayer R, et al. The CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 reduces nasal and ocular symptoms in allergic subjects exposed to grass pollen, a randomised, placeboâ controlled, doubleâ blind trial. Allergy. 2012; 67: 1572 â 1579.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXiao JZ, Kondo S, Yanagisawa N, et al. Clinical efficacy of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum for the treatment of symptoms of Japanese cedar pollen allergy in subjects evaluated in an environmental exposure unit. Allergol Int. 2007; 56: 67 â 75.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Zieglmayer P, Zieglmayer R, et al. Early onset of action of a 5â grassâ pollen 300â IR sublingual immunotherapy tablet evaluated in an allergen challenge chamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124: 471 â 477.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeyer W, Narkus A, Salapatek AM, Hafner D. Doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled, doseâ ranging study of new recombinant hypoallergenic Bet v 1 in an environmental exposure chamber. Allergy. 2013; 68: 724 â 731.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNolte H, Maloney J, Nelson HS, et al. Onset and doseâ related efficacy of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy tablets in an environmental exposure chamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135: 1494 â 1501.e6.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatel D, Couroux P, Hickey P, et al. Fel d 1â derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: a randomized, placeboâ controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 103 â 109.e7.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatel P, Holdich T, Fischer von Weikersthalâ Drachenberg KJ, Huber B. Efficacy of a short course of specific immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to ragweed pollen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 121 â 129.e2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCommittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Guideline on the clinical development of products for specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases. Preâ authorisation evaluation of medicines for human use. November 20, 2008. Doc. Ref. CHMP/EWP/18504/2006. European Medicines Agency; 2008: S1 â S13. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003605.pdf. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceU.S. Department of Health and Human Services. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Guidance for Industry. Allergic rhinitis: clinical development programs for drug products. Draft: February 2016. Clinical/Medical Revision 1. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM071293.pdf. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAgache I, Bilo M, Braunstahl GJ, et al. In vivo diagnosis of allergic diseasesâ allergen provocation tests. Allergy. 2015; 70: 355 â 365.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiechelmann H, Epple B, Gropper G. Comparison of conjunctival and nasal provocation test in allergic rhinitis to house dust mite. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003; 130: 51 â 59.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDordal MT, Lluchâ Bernal M, Sánchez MC, et al.; SEAIC Rhinoconjunctivitis Committee. Allergenâ specific nasal provocation testing: review by the rhinoconjunctivitis committee of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2011; 21: 1 â 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMalm L, Gerth van Wijk R, Bachert C. Guidelines for nasal provocations with aspects on nasal patency, airflow, and airflow resistance. International Committee on Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airways, International Rhinologic Society. Rhinology. 2000; 38: 1 â 6.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGosepath J, Amedee RG, Mann WJ. Nasal provocation testing as an international standard for evaluation of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope. 2005; 115: 512 â 516.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCasset A, Khayath N, de Blay F. How in vitro assays contribute to allergy diagnosis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16: 82.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoffmann HJ, Santos AF, Mayorga C, et al. The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease. Allergy. 2015; 70: 1393 â 1405.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAiraksinen L, Tuomi T, Vanhanen M, Voutilainen R, Toskala E. Use of nasal provocation test in the diagnostics of occupational rhinitis. Rhinology. 2007; 45: 40 â 46.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCampo P, Salas M, Blancaâ Lopez N, Rondon C. Local allergic rhinitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36: 321 â 332.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIncorvaia C, Fuiano N, Canonica GW. Seeking allergy when it hides: which are the best fitting tests ? World Allergy Organ J. 2013; 6: 11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRondon C, Campo P, Herrera R, et al. Nasal allergen provocation test with multiple aeroallergens detects polysensitization in local allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 128: 1192 â 1197.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoller C, Bjorksten B, Nilsson G, Dreborg S. The precision of the conjunctival provocation test. Allergy. 1984; 39: 37 â 41.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBertel F, Mortemousque B, Sicard H, Andre C. [Conjunctival provocation test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis from house mites]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2001; 24: 581 â 589. French.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFauquert JL, Jedrzejczakâ Czechowicz M, Rondon C, et al. Conjunctival allergen provocation test: guidelines for daily practice. Allergy. 2017; 72: 43 â 54.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAgarwal G, Hernandez D, Citardi MJ, Fakhri S, Luong A. Endâ organ testing for allergic rhinitis with fungi is poorly correlated with fungal sensitivity. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013; 148: 391 â 395.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJang TY, Kim YH. Nasal provocation test is useful for discriminating allergic, nonallergic, and local allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015; 29: e100 â e104.
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Blay F, Doyen V, Lutz C, et al. A new, faster, and safe nasal provocation test method for diagnosing mite allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115: 385 â 390.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrzychâ Falta E, Furmanczyk K, Samolinski B. Specificity and sensitivity assessment of selected nasal provocation testing techniques. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016; 33: 464 â 468.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M, Iannuzzi L, Quaranta N, Landi M, Passalacqua G. NASAL cytology: practical aspects and clinical relevance. Clin Exp Allergy. 2016; 46: 785 â 792.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWaecker NJ Jr, Shope TR, Weber PA, Buck ML, Domingo RC, Hooper DG. The Rhinoâ Probe nasal curette for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993; 12: 326 â 329.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M, Passalacqua G, Fiorella ML, Quaranta N. Assessment of biofilm by nasal cytology in different forms of rhinitis and its functional correlations. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 45: 25 â 29.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Schunemann HJ, Samolinski B, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 1049 â 1062.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCanakcioglu S, Tahamiler R, Saritzali G, et al. Evaluation of nasal cytology in subjects with chronic rhinitis: a 7â year study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2009; 30: 312 â 317.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Lorenzo G, Pacor ML, Amodio E, et al. Differences and similarities between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in a large sample of adult patients with rhinitis symptoms. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 155: 263 â 270.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M, Ciprandi G, Incorvaia C, et al. Allergic rhinitis phenotypes based on monoâ allergy or polyâ allergy. Inflamm Res. 2015; 64: 373 â 375.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M, Incorvaia C, Passalacqua G, Quaranta N, Frati F. The classification of allergic rhinitis and its cytological correlate. Allergy. 2011; 66: 1624 â 1625.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M, Peroni DG, Incorvaia C, et al. Seasonal changes in nasal cytology in miteâ allergic patients. J Inflamm Res. 2014; 7: 39 â 44.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShah R, McGrath KG. Chapter 6: Nonallergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33 ( Suppl 1 ): S19 â S21.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M, Luigi Marseglia G, Licari A, et al. Nasal cytology in children: recent advances. Ital J Pediatr. 2012; 38: 51.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceComoglu S, Keles N, Deger K. Inflammatory cell patterns in the nasal mucosa of patients with idiopathic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2012; 26: e55 â e62.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M. â Overlappedâ rhinitis: a real trap for rhinoallergologists. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 46: 234 â 236.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelardi M, Quaranta N, Passalacqua G. When sneezing indicates the cell type. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 393 â 398.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpector SL, English G, Jones L. Clinical and nasal biopsy response to treatment of perennial rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1980; 66: 129 â 137.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHowarth PH, Persson CG, Meltzer EO, Jacobson MR, Durham SR, Silkoff PE. Objective monitoring of nasal airway inflammation in rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115: S414 â S441.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSivam A, Jeswani S, Reder L, et al. Olfactory cleft inflammation is present in seasonal allergic rhinitis and is reduced with intranasal steroids. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2010; 24: 286 â 290.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUller L, Emanuelsson CA, Andersson M, Erjefalt JS, Greiff L, Persson CG. Early phase resolution of mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in allergic rhinitis. Respir Res. 2010; 11: 54.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYang SH, Yu CL, Chen YL, Chiao SL, Chen ML. Traditional Chinese medicine, Xinâ yiâ san, reduces nasal symptoms of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by its diverse immunomodulatory effects. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010; 10: 951 â 958.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsai K, Foley SC, Sumi Y, et al. Amb a 1â immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide conjugate immunotherapy increases CD4+CD25+ T cells in the nasal mucosa of subjects with allergic rhinitis. Allergol Int. 2008; 57: 377 â 381.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRak S, Heinrich C, Scheynius A. Comparison of nasal immunohistology in patients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis treated with topical steroids or specific allergen immunotherapy. Allergy. 2005; 60: 643 â 649.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlewako H, Arvidsson M, Petruson K, et al. The effect of omalizumab on nasal allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 110: 68 â 71.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePullerits T, Linden A, Malmhall C, Lotvall J. Effect of seasonal allergen exposure on mucosal ILâ 16 and CD4+ cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2001; 56: 871 â 877.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson DR, Nouriâ Aria KT, Walker SM, et al. Grass pollen immunotherapy: symptomatic improvement correlates with reductions in eosinophils and ILâ 5 mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa during the pollen season. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 971 â 976.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKujundzic M, Babarovic E, Petkovic M, Pavlovicâ Ruzic I, Coklo M, Zamolo G. Mometasone furoate and nasal vascularisation in allergic patients. Coll Antropol. 2013; 37: 127 â 130.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRadulovic S, Jacobson MR, Durham SR, Nouriâ Aria KT. Grass pollen immunotherapy induces Foxp3â expressing CD4+ CD25+ cells in the nasal mucosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121: 1467 â 1472.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTill SJ, Jacobson MR, O’Brien F, et al. Recruitment of CD1a+ Langerhans cells to the nasal mucosa in seasonal allergic rhinitis and effects of topical corticosteroid therapy. Allergy. 2001; 56: 126 â 131.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNurmatov U, van Schayck CP, Hurwitz B, Sheikh A. House dust mite avoidance measures for perennial allergic rhinitis: an updated Cochrane systematic review. Allergy. 2012; 67: 158 â 165.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLund V, Aaronsen D, Bousquet J, Dahl R, Davies RJ, Durham S. International consensus report on the diagnosis and management of rhinitis. Allergy. 1994; 49: S1 â S34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMackay IS, Durham SR. ABC of allergies. Perennial rhinitis. BMJ. 1998; 316: 917 â 920.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWoodcock A, Custovic A. ABC of allergies. Avoiding exposure to indoor allergens. BMJ. 1998; 316: 1075 â 1078.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKrouse HJ. Environmental controls and avoidance measures. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4 ( Suppl 2 ): S32 â S34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGellerâ Bernstein C, Pibourdin JM, Dornelas A, Fondarai J. Efficacy of the acaricide: acardust for the prevention of asthma and rhinitis due to dust mite allergy, in children. Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1995; 27: 147 â 154.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGhazala L, Schmid F, Helbling A, Pichler WJ, Pichler CE. Efficacy of house dust mite and allergen impermeable encasings in patients with house dust mite allergy. Allergologie. 2004; 27: 26 â 34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKniest FM, Wolfs BJ, Vos H, et al. Mechanisms and patient compliance of dustâ mite avoidance regimens in dwellings of miteâ allergic rhinitic patients. Clin Exp Allergy. 1992; 22: 681 â 689.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoon JS, Choi SO. Environmental controls in reducing house dust mites and nasal symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis. Yonsei Med J. 1999; 40: 238 â 243.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReisman RE, Mauriello PM, Davis GB, Georgitis JW, DeMasi JM. A doubleâ blind study of the effectiveness of a highâ efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in the treatment of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990; 85: 1050 â 1057.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTerreehorst I, Hak E, Oosting AJ, et al. Evaluation of impermeable covers for bedding in patients with allergic rhinitis. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349: 237 â 246.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAntonicelli L, Bilo MB, Pucci S, Schou C, Bonifazi F. Efficacy of an airâ cleaning device equipped with a high efficiency particulate air filter in house dust mite respiratory allergy. Allergy. 1991; 46: 594 â 600.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSheikh A, Hurwitz B, Nurmatov U, van Schayck CP. House dust mite avoidance measures for perennial allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;( 7 ): CD001563.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStillerman A, Nachtsheim C, Li W, Albrecht M, Waldman J. Efficacy of a novel air filtration pillow for avoidance of perennial allergens in symptomatic adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 104: 440 â 449.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrehler R, Kniest FM. Encasing study in miteâ allergic patients: oneâ year, doubleâ blind, placebo and environmentalâ controlled investigation. Allergy and Clinical Immunology International â Journal of the World Allergy Organization. 2006; 18: 15 â 19.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosenstreich DL, Eggleston P, Kattan M, et al. The role of cockroach allergy and exposure to cockroach allergen in causing morbidity among innerâ city children with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1356 â 1363.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChew GL. Assessment of environmental cockroach allergen exposure. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012; 12: 456 â 464.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceColeman AT, Rettiganti M, Bai S, Brown RH, Perry TT. Mouse and cockroach exposure in rural Arkansas Delta region homes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 112: 256 â 260.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLe Cann P, Paulus H, Glorennec P, Le Bot B, Frain S, Gangneux JP. Home environmental interventions for the prevention or control of allergic and respiratory diseases: what really works. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017; 5: 66 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSever ML, Arbes SJ Jr, Gore JC, et al. Cockroach allergen reduction by cockroach control alone in lowâ income urban homes: a randomized control trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: 849 â 855.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcConnell R, Milam J, Richardson J, et al. Educational intervention to control cockroach allergen exposure in the homes of hispanic children in Los Angeles: results of the La Casa study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 426 â 433.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArbes SJ Jr, Sever M, Mehta J, et al. Abatement of cockroach allergens (Bla g 1 and Bla g 2) in lowâ income, urban housing: month 12 continuation results. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 109 â 114.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcConnell R, Jones C, Milam J, et al. Cockroach counts and house dust allergen concentrations after professional cockroach control and cleaning. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91: 546 â 552.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCastano R, Trudeau C, Castellanos L, Malo JL. Prospective outcome assessment of occupational rhinitis after removal from exposure. J Occup Environ Med. 2013; 55: 579 â 585.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWood RA, Eggleston PA, Rand C, Nixon WJ, Kanchanaraksa S. Cockroach allergen abatement with extermination and sodium hypochlorite cleaning in innerâ city homes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 87: 60 â 64.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGergen PJ, Mortimer KM, Eggleston PA, et al. Results of the National Cooperative Innerâ City Asthma Study (NCICAS) environmental intervention to reduce cockroach allergen exposure in innerâ city homes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103: 501 â 506.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEggleston PA, Wood RA, Rand C, Nixon WJ, Chen PH, Lukk P. Removal of cockroach allergen from innerâ city homes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 104: 842 â 846.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilliams LW, Reinfried P, Brenner RJ. Cockroach extermination does not rapidly reduce allergen in settled dust. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 104: 702 â 703.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEggleston PA, Butz A, Rand C, et al. Home environmental intervention in innerâ city asthma: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 95: 518 â 524.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorgan WJ, Crain EF, Gruchalla RS, et al. Results of a homeâ based environmental intervention among urban children with asthma. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351: 1068 â 1080.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSever ML, Salo PM, Haynes AK, Zeldin DC. Innerâ city environments and mitigation of cockroach allergen. Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41: S55 â S56.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCustovic A, Wijk RG. The effectiveness of measures to change the indoor environment in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma: ARIA update (in collaboration with GA(2)LEN). Allergy. 2005; 60: 1112 â 1115.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePortnoy J, Kennedy K, Sublett J, et al. Environmental assessment and exposure control: a practice parameterâ furry animals. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012; 108:223. e1 â 223.e15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSánchez J, Díez S, Cardona R. Pet avoidance in allergy cases: Is it possible to implement it ? Biomedica. 2015; 35: 357 â 362.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBjornsdottir US, Jakobinudottir S, Runarsdottir V, Juliusson S. The effect of reducing levels of cat allergen (Fel d 1) on clinical symptoms in patients with cat allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91: 189 â 194.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWood RA, Johnson EF, Van Natta ML, Chen PH, Eggleston PA. A placeboâ controlled trial of a HEPA air cleaner in the treatment of cat allergy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998; 158: 115 â 120.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAvner DB, Perzanowski MS, Plattsâ Mills TA, Woodfolk JA. Evaluation of different techniques for washing cats: quantitation of allergen removed from the cat and the effect on airborne Fel d 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997; 100: 307 â 312.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHodson T, Custovic A, Simpson A, Chapman M, Woodcock A, Green R. Washing the dog reduces dog allergen levels, but the dog needs to be washed twice a week. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103: 581 â 585.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWood RA, Chapman MD, Adkinson NF Jr, Eggleston PA. The effect of cat removal on allergen content in householdâ dust samples. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989; 83: 730 â 734.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVredegoor DW, Willemse T, Chapman MD, Heederik DJ, Krop EJ. Can f 1 levels in hair and homes of different dog breeds: lack of evidence to describe any dog breed as hypoallergenic. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 904 â 909 e907.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArshad SH. Environmental control for secondary prevention of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 2 â 4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNational Asthma Education Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPRâ 3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthmaâ Summary Report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: S94 â S138.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKalyoncu A. A new approach to an old problem: controversial issues in seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Ther. 2014; 5: 164 â 166.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD’Amato G, Cecchi L, Bonini S, et al. Allergenic pollen and pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy. 2007; 62: 976 â 990.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBastl K, Berger M, Bergmann KC, Kmenta M, Berger U. The medical and scientific responsibility of pollen information services. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017; 129: 70 â 74.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKiotseridis H, Cilio CM, Bjermer L, Tunsater A, Jacobsson H, Dahl A. Grass pollen allergy in children and adolescentsâ symptoms, health related quality of life and the value of pollen prognosis. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013; 3: 19.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFerguson BJ. Environmental controls of allergies. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008; 41: 411 â 417, viiiâ ix.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReisacher WR. Allergy treatment: environmental control strategies. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011; 44: 711 â 725, x.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceComert S, Karakaya G, Kalyoncu AF. Wraparound eyeglasses improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6: 722 â 730.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKenney P, Hilberg O, Pedersen H, Nielsen OB, Sigsgaard T. Nasal filters for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled crossover clinical trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 1477 â 1480.e13.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKenney P, Hilberg O, Laursen AC, Peel RG, Sigsgaard T. Preventive effect of nasal filters on allergic rhinitis: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled crossover park study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 1566 â 1572.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCasale TB, Blaiss MS, Gelfand E, et al. First do no harm: managing antihistamine impairment in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 111: S835 â S842.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrozek JL, Bousquet J, Baenaâ Cagnani CE, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126: 466 â 476.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWoosley RL, Chen Y, Freiman JP, Gillis RA. Mechanism of the cardiotoxic actions of terfenadine. JAMA. 1993; 269: 1532 â 1536.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYap YG, Camm AJ. Drug induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. Heart. 2003; 89: 1363 â 1372.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Bindslevâ Jensen C, Canonica GW, et al. The ARIA/EAACI criteria for antihistamines: an assessment of the efficacy, safety and pharmacology of desloratadine. Allergy. 2004; 59 ( Suppl 77 ): 4 â 16.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCompalati E, Canonica GW. Efficacy and safety of rupatadine for allergic rhinoâ conjunctivitis: a systematic review of randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled studies with metaâ analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013; 29: 1539 â 1551.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlaiss MS. Costâ effectiveness of H1â antihistamines. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2002; 17: 319 â 336.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceConsumer Reports Best Buy Drugs&trade. Using the antihistamines to treat: allergies, hay fever, & hives. Comparing effectiveness, safety, and price. Yonkers, NY: Consumer Reports of United States, Inc.; 2013. https://www.consumerreports.org/content/dam/cro/news_articles/health/PDFs/Antihistamines_Full_Report.pdf. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRidolo E, Montagni M, Bonzano L, Incorvaia C, Canonica GW. Bilastine: new insight into antihistamine treatment. Clin Mol Allergy. 2015; 13: 1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMullol J, Bousquet J, Bachert C, et al. Update on rupatadine in the management of allergic disorders. Allergy. 2015; 70 ( Suppl 100 ): 1 â 24.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScadding GK. Optimal management of allergic rhinitis. Arch Dis Child. 2015; 100: 576 â 582.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMosges R, Konig V, Koberlein J. The effectiveness of modern antihistamines for treatment of allergic rhinitisâ an IPD metaâ analysis of 140,853 patients. Allergol Int. 2013; 62: 215 â 222.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCompalati E, Baenaâ Cagnani R, Penagos M, et al. Systematic review on the efficacy of fexofenadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a metaâ analysis of randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled clinical trials. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 156: 1 â 15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFerrer M. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of levocetirizine. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2011; 7: 1035 â 1047.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMosges R, Konig V, Koberlein J. The effectiveness of levocetirizine in comparison with loratadine in treatment of allergic rhinitisâ a metaâ analysis. Allergol Int. 2011; 60: 541 â 546.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKatiyar S, Prakash S. Pharmacological profile, efficacy and safety of rupatadine in allergic rhinitis. Prim Care Respir J. 2009; 18: 57 â 68.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachert C. A review of the efficacy of desloratadine, fexofenadine, and levocetirizine in the treatment of nasal congestion in patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Ther. 2009; 31: 921 â 944.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachert C, van Cauwenberge P. Desloratadine treatment for intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis: a review. Clin Ther. 2007; 29: 1795 â 1802.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCanonica GW, Tarantini F, Compalati E, Penagos M. Efficacy of desloratadine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a metaâ analysis of randomized, doubleâ blind, controlled trials. Allergy. 2007; 62: 359 â 366.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatou J, De Smedt H, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Pathophysiology of nasal obstruction and metaâ analysis of early and late effects of levocetirizine. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36: 972 â 981.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchenkel EJ. Effect of desloratadine on the control of morning symptoms in patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2006; 27: 465 â 472.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHore I, Georgalas C, Scadding G. Oral antihistamines for the symptom of nasal obstruction in persistent allergic rhinitisâ a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 207 â 212.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePassalacqua G, Canonica GW. A review of the evidence from comparative studies of levocetirizine and desloratadine for the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Clin Ther. 2005; 27: 979 â 992.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGreisner WA 3rd. Onset of action for the relief of allergic rhinitis symptoms with secondâ generation antihistamines. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2004; 25: 81 â 83.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLimon L, Kockler DR. Desloratadine: a nonsedating antihistamine. Ann Pharmacother. 2003; 37: 237 â 246; quiz 313â 236.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBojkowski CJ, Gibbs TG, Hellstern KH, Major EW, Mullinger B. Acrivastine in allergic rhinitis: a review of clinical experience. J Int Med Res. 1989; 17 ( Suppl 2 ): 54B â 68B.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenston J, Wormsley KG. Adverse reactions and interactions with H2â receptor antagonists. Med Toxicol. 1986; 1: 192 â 216.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWoodâ Baker R, Lau L, Howarth PH. Histamine and the nasal vasculature: the influence of H1 and H2â histamine receptor antagonism. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1996; 21: 348 â 352.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaylorâ Clark T, Sodha R, Warner B, Foreman J. Histamine receptors that influence blockage of the normal human nasal airway. Br J Pharmacol. 2005; 144: 867 â 874.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang D, Clement P, Smitz J. Effect of H1 and H2 antagonists on nasal symptoms and mediator release in atopic patients after nasal allergen challenge during the pollen season. Acta Otolaryngol. 1996; 116: 91 â 96.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJuliusson S, Bende M. Effect of systemically administered H1â and H2â receptor antagonists on nasal blood flow as measured with laser Doppler flowmetry in a provoked allergic reaction. Rhinology. 1996; 34: 24 â 27.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrooks CD, Butler D, Metzler C. Effect of H2 blockade in the challenged allergic nose. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982; 70: 373 â 376.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarpenter GB, Bunkerâ Soler AL, Nelson HS. Evaluation of combined H1â and H2â receptor blocking agents in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1983; 71: 412 â 417.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarr WW, Ratner P, Munzel U, et al. Comparison of intranasal azelastine to intranasal fluticasone propionate for symptom control in moderateâ toâ severe seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: 450 â 458.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHan D, Chen L, Cheng L, et al. A multicenter randomized doubleâ blind 2â week comparison study of azelastine nasal spray 0.1% versus levocabastine nasal spray 0.05% in patients with moderateâ toâ severe allergic rhinitis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2011; 73: 260 â 265.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHowland WC, Amar NJ, Wheeler W, Sacks H. Efficacy and safety of azelastine 0.15% nasal spray administered once daily in patients with allergy to Texas mountain cedar pollen. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2011; 1: 275 â 279.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Blaiss M, Fairchild CJ. Comprehensive report of olopatadine 0.6% nasal spray as treatment for children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011; 32: 213 â 220.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKalpaklioglu AF, Kavut AB. Comparison of azelastine versus triamcinolone nasal spray in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2010; 24: 29 â 33.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger WE, Ratner PH, Casale TB, Meltzer EO, Wall GM. Safety and efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray 0.6% in pediatric subjects with allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 612 â 623.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein JA, Prenner B, Ferguson BJ, Portnoy J, Wheeler WJ, Sacks HJ. Doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial of reformulated azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009; 23: 512 â 517.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaliner MA, Storms W, Tilles S, et al. Comparison of olopatadine 0.6% nasal spray versus fluticasone propionate 50 microg in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 255 â 262.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShah S, Berger W, Lumry W, La Force C, Wheeler W, Sacks H. Efficacy and safety of azelastine 0.15% nasal spray and azelastine 0.10% nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 628 â 633.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShah SR, Nayak A, Ratner P, Roland P, Michael Wall G. Effects of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray 0.6% in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a phase III, multicenter, randomized, doubleâ blind, activeâ and placeboâ controlled study in adolescents and adults. Clin Ther. 2009; 31: 99 â 107.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Bavel J, Howland WC, Amar NJ, Wheeler W, Sacks H. Efficacy and safety of azelastine 0.15% nasal spray administered once daily in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 512 â 518.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Garadi R, Laforce C, et al. Comparative study of sensory attributes of two antihistamine nasal sprays: olopatadine 0.6% and azelastine 0.1%. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008; 29: 659 â 668.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePipkorn P, Costantini C, Reynolds C, et al. The effects of the nasal antihistamines olopatadine and azelastine in nasal allergen provocation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 101: 82 â 89.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLumry W, Prenner B, Corren J, Wheeler W. Efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray at a dose of 1 spray per nostril twice daily. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007; 99: 267 â 272.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatel P, D’Andrea C, Sacks HJ. Onset of action of azelastine nasal spray compared with mometasone nasal spray and placebo in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis evaluated in an environmental exposure chamber. Am J Rhinol. 2007; 21: 499 â 503.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatel D, Garadi R, Brubaker M, et al. Onset and duration of action of nasal sprays in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients: olopatadine hydrochloride versus mometasone furoate monohydrate. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007; 28: 592 â 599.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger W, Hampel F Jr, Bernstein J, Shah S, Sacks H, Meltzer EO. Impact of azelastine nasal spray on symptoms and quality of life compared with cetirizine oral tablets in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 97: 375 â 381.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHampel FC Jr, Ratner PH, Amar NJ, et al. Improved quality of life among seasonal allergic rhinitis patients treated with olopatadine HCl nasal spray 0.4% and olopatadine HCl nasal spray 0.6% compared with vehicle placebo. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2006; 27: 202 â 207.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorren J, Storms W, Bernstein J, et al. Effectiveness of azelastine nasal spray compared with oral cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Ther. 2005; 27: 543 â 553.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Hampel FC, Ratner PH, et al. Safety and efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 95: 600 â 606.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner PH, Hampel FC, Amar NJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis to mountain cedar. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 95: 474 â 479.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaForce CF, Corren J, Wheeler WJ, Berger WE, Rhinitis Study Group. Efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients who remain symptomatic after treatment with fexofenadine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 93: 154 â 159.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger WE, White MV, Rhinitis Study Group. Efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in patients with an unsatisfactory response to loratadine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91: 205 â 211.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaengpanich S, Assanasen P, deTineo M, Haney L, Naclerio RM, Baroody FM. Effects of intranasal azelastine on the response to nasal allergen challenge. Laryngoscope. 2002; 112: 47 â 52.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFalser N, Wober W, Rahlfs VW, Baehre M. Comparative efficacy and safety of azelastine and levocabastine nasal sprays in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Arzneimittelforschung. 2001; 51: 387 â 393.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerlin JM, Golden SJ, Teets S, Lehman EB, Lucas T, Craig TJ. Efficacy of a steroid nasal spray compared with an antihistamine nasal spray in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000; 100: S8 â S13.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGolden S, Teets SJ, Lehman EB, et al. Effect of topical nasal azelastine on the symptoms of rhinitis, sleep, and daytime somnolence in perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000; 85: 53 â 57.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger WE, Fineman SM, Lieberman P, Miles RM. Doubleâ blind trials of azelastine nasal spray monotherapy versus combination therapy with loratadine tablets and beclomethasone nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Rhinitis Study Groups. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999; 82: 535 â 541.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStern MA, Wade AG, Ridout SM, Cambell LM. Nasal budesonide offers superior symptom relief in perennial allergic rhinitis in comparison to nasal azelastine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998; 81: 354 â 358.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHerman D, Garay R, Le Gal M. A randomized doubleâ blind placebo controlled study of azelastine nasal spray in children with perennial rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1997; 39: 1 â 8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNewsonâ Smith G, Powell M, Baehre M, Garnham SP, MacMahon MT. A placebo controlled study comparing the efficacy of intranasal azelastine and beclomethasone in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1997; 254: 236 â 241.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeiler JM, Meltzer EO. Azelastine nasal spray as adjunctive therapy to azelastine tablets in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997; 79: 327 â 332.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaForce C, Dockhorn RJ, Prenner BM, et al. Safety and efficacy of azelastine nasal spray (Astelin NS) for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a 4â week comparative multicenter trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996; 76: 181 â 188.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCharpin D, Godard P, Garay RP, Baehre M, Herman D, Michel FB. A multicenter clinical study of the efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a comparison with oral cetirizine. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1995; 252: 455 â 458.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePelucchi A, Chiapparino A, Mastropasqua B, Marazzini L, Hernandez A, Foresi A. Effect of intranasal azelastine and beclomethasone dipropionate on nasal symptoms, nasal cytology, and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in allergic rhinitis in response to grass pollens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 95: 515 â 523.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGastpar H, Nolte D, Aurich R, et al. Comparative efficacy of azelastine nasal spray and terfenadine in seasonal and perennial rhinitis. Allergy. 1994; 49: 152 â 158.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Weiler JM, Dockhorn RJ, Widlitz MD, Freitag JJ. Azelastine nasal spray in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1994; 72: 354 â 359.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePassali D, Piragine F. A comparison of azelastine nasal spray and cetirizine tablets in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. J Int Med Res. 1994; 22: 17 â 23.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner PH, Findlay SR, Hampel F Jr, van Bavel J, Widlitz MD, Freitag JJ. A doubleâ blind, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994; 94: 818 â 825.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDavies RJ, Lund VJ, Hartenâ Ash VJ. The effect of intranasal azelastine and beclomethasone on the symptoms and signs of nasal allergy in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 1993; 31: 159 â 164.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDorow P, Aurich R, Petzold U. Efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray in patients with allergic rhinitis compared to placebo and budesonide. Arzneimittelforschung. 1993; 43: 909 â 912.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGambardella R. A comparison of the efficacy of azelastine nasal spray and loratidine tablets in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Int Med Res. 1993; 21: 268 â 275.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGastpar H, Aurich R, Petzold U, et al. Intranasal treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. Comparison of azelastine nasal spray and budesonide nasal aerosol. Arzneimittelforschung. 1993; 43: 475 â 479.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBascom R, Pipkorn U, Lichtenstein LM, Naclerio RM. The influx of inflammatory cells into nasal washings during the late response to antigen challenge. Effect of systemic steroid pretreatment. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988; 138: 406 â 412.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBascom R, Pipkorn U, Proud D, et al. Major basic protein and eosinophilâ derived neurotoxin concentrations in nasalâ lavage fluid after antigen challenge: effect of systemic corticosteroids and relationship to eosinophil influx. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989; 84: 338 â 346.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchwartz E, Levin L, Leibowitz H, et al. Oral cortisone therapy in ragweed hay fever. J Allergy. 1952; 23: 32 â 38.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchiller IW, Lowell FC. Oral cortisone in the treatment of hay fever. J Allergy. 1953; 24: 297 â 301.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchwartz E. Oral hydrocortisone therapy in bronchial asthma and bay fever. J Allergy. 1954; 25: 112 â 119.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrooks CD, Karl KJ, Francom SF. Oral methylprednisolone acetate (Medrol Tablets) for seasonal rhinitis: examination of dose and symptom response. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993; 33: 816 â 822.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKwaselow A, McLean J, Busse W, et al. A comparison of intranasal and oral flunisolide in the therapy of allergic rhinitis. Evidence for a topical effect. Allergy. 1985; 40: 363 â 367.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaraki M, Akiyama K, Mori N. Efficacy of intranasal steroid spray (mometasone furoate) on treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: comparison with oral corticosteroids. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013; 40: 277 â 281.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKronholm A. Injectable depot corticosteroid therapy in hay fever. J Int Med Res. 1979; 7: 314 â 317.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOhlander BO, Hansson RE, Karlsson KE. A comparison of three injectable corticosteroids for the treatment of patients with seasonal hay fever. J Int Med Res. 1980; 8: 63 â 69.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaursen LC, Faurschou P, Pals H, Svendsen UG, Weeke B. Intramuscular betamethasone dipropionate vs. oral prednisolone in hay fever patients. Allergy. 1987; 42: 168 â 172.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaursen LC, Faurschou P, Munch EP. Intramuscular betamethasone dipropionate vs. topical beclomethasone dipropionate and placebo in hay fever. Allergy. 1988; 43: 420 â 424.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBorum P, Gronborg H, Mygind N. Seasonal allergic rhinitis and depot injection of a corticosteroid. Evaluation of the efficacy of medication early and late in the season based on detailed symptom recording. Allergy. 1987; 42: 26 â 32.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAasbjerg K, Torpâ Pedersen C, Vaag A, Backer V. Treating allergic rhinitis with depotâ steroid injections increase risk of osteoporosis and diabetes. Respir Med. 2013; 107: 1852 â 1858.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMygind N, Laursen LC, Dahl M. Systemic corticosteroid treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a common but poorly documented therapy. Allergy. 2000; 55: 11 â 15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWall JW, Shure N. Intranasal cortisone; preliminary study. AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1952; 56: 172 â 176.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSidi E, Tardif R. [Treatment of allergic rhinitis accompanied by eczema with hydrocortisone acetate injected into nasal mucous membrane]. Sem Hop. 1955; 31: 1922 â 1923. French.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimmons MW. Intranasal injection of corticosteroids. Calif Med. 1960; 92: 155 â 158.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaker DC Jr, Strauss RB. Intranasal injections of long acting corticosteroids. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1962; 71: 525 â 531.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMabry RL. Intraturbinal steroid injection: indications, results, and complications. South Med J. 1978; 71: 789 â 791, 794.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYang TY, Jung YG, Kim YH, Jang TY. A comparison of the effects of botulinum toxin A and steroid injection on nasal allergy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008; 139: 367 â 371.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMabry RL. Intranasal corticosteroid injection: indications, technique, and complications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (1979). 1979; 87: 207 â 211.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRowe RJ, Dusler TW, Kinkella AM. Visual changes and triamcinolone. JAMA. 1967; 201: 333.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceByers B. Blindness secondary to steroid injections into the nasal turbinates. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979; 97: 79 â 80.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMartin PA, Church CA, Petti GH Jr, Hedayi R. Visual loss after intraturbinate steroid injection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 128: 280 â 281.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBascom R, Wachs M, Naclerio RM, Pipkorn U, Galli SJ, Lichtenstein LM. Basophil influx occurs after nasal antigen challenge: effects of topical corticosteroid pretreatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988; 81: 580 â 589.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Jalowayski AA, Orgel HA, Harris AG. Subjective and objective assessments in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: effects of therapy with mometasone furoate nasal spray. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 102: 39 â 49.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaroody FM, Cruz AA, Lichtenstein LM, Kageyâ Sobotka A, Proud D, Naclerio RM. Intranasal beclomethasone inhibits antigenâ induced nasal hyperresponsiveness to histamine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 90: 373 â 376.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeyer P, Andersson M, Persson CG, Greiff L. Steroidâ sensitive indices of airway inflammation in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2003; 14: 60 â 65.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenagos M, Compalati E, Tarantini F, Baenaâ Cagnani CE, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Efficacy of mometasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Metaâ analysis of randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled, clinical trials. Allergy. 2008; 63: 1280 â 1291.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRodrigo GJ, Neffen H. Efficacy of fluticasone furoate nasal spray vs. placebo for the treatment of ocular and nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011; 41: 160 â 170.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHerman H. Onceâ daily administration of intranasal corticosteroids for allergic rhinitis: a comparative review of efficacy, safety, patient preference, and cost. Am J Rhinol. 2007; 21: 70 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRachelefsky G, Farrar JR. A control model to evaluate pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis in children. JAMA Pediatr. 2013; 167: 380 â 386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCraig TJ, Mende C, Hughes K, Kakumanu S, Lehman EB, Chinchilli V. The effect of topical nasal fluticasone on objective sleep testing and the symptoms of rhinitis, sleep, and daytime somnolence in perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003; 24: 53 â 58.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Munafo DA, Chung W, Gopalan G, Varghese ST. Intranasal mometasone furoate therapy for allergic rhinitis symptoms and rhinitisâ disturbed sleep. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 105: 65 â 74.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO. Formulation considerations of intranasal corticosteroids for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007; 98: 12 â 21.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Bavel JH, Ratner PH, Amar NJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of onceâ daily treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate nasal aerosol in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: 386 â 396.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Jacobs RL, LaForce CF, Kelley CL, Dunbar SA, Tantry SK. Safety and efficacy of onceâ daily treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate nasal aerosol in subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: 249 â 257.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner PH, Andrews C, Martin B, et al. A study of the efficacy and safety of ciclesonide hydrofluoroalkane nasal aerosol in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis from mountain cedar pollen. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: 27 â 35.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLaForce C, van Bavel J, Meltzer EO, Wingertzahn MA. Efficacy and safety of ciclesonide hydrofluoroalkane nasal aerosol once daily for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 103: 166 â 173.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDay JH, Briscoe MP, Rafeiro E, Ellis AK, Pettersson E, Akerlund A. Onset of action of intranasal budesonide (Rhinocort aqua) in seasonal allergic rhinitis studied in a controlled exposure model. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: 489 â 494.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFokkens WJ, Cserhati E, dos Santos JM, et al. Budesonide aqueous nasal spray is an effective treatment in children with perennial allergic rhinitis, with an onset of action within 12 hours. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 89: 279 â 284.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaiser HB, Naclerio RM, Given J, Toler TN, Ellsworth A, Philpot EE. Fluticasone furoate nasal spray: a single treatment option for the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 119: 1430 â 1437.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDay J, Carrillo T. Comparison of the efficacy of budesonide and fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray for once daily treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 102: 902 â 908.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJuniper EF, Guyatt GH, O’Byrne PM, Viveiros M. Aqueous beclomethasone diproprionate nasal spray: regular versus â as requiredâ use in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990; 86: 380 â 386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJuniper EF, Guyatt GH, Archer B, Ferrie PJ. Aqueous beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of ragweed pollenâ induced rhinitis: further exploration of â as neededâ use. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993; 92: 66 â 72.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJen A, Baroody F, de Tineo M, Haney L, Blair C, Naclerio R. Asâ needed use of fluticasone propionate nasal spray reduces symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: 732 â 738.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDykewicz MS, Kaiser HB, Nathan RA, et al. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray improves nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis when used as needed (prn). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91: 44 â 48.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDeWester J, Philpot EE, Westlund RE, Cook CK, Rickard KA. The efficacy of intranasal fluticasone propionate in the relief of ocular symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003; 24: 331 â 337.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBielory L, Chun Y, Bielory BP, Canonica GW. Impact of mometasone furoate nasal spray on individual ocular symptoms of allergic rhinitis: a metaâ analysis. Allergy. 2011; 66: 686 â 693.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner P, Van Bavel J, Mohar D, et al. Efficacy of daily intranasal fluticasone propionate on ocular symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 114: 141 â 147.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaroody FM, Shenaq D, DeTineo M, Wang J, Naclerio RM. Fluticasone furoate nasal spray reduces the nasalâ ocular reflex: a mechanism for the efficacy of topical steroids in controlling allergic eye symptoms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 123: 1342 â 1348.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeith PK, Scadding GK. Are intranasal corticosteroids all equally consistent in managing ocular symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis ? Curr Med Res Opin. 2009; 25: 2021 â 2041.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaramarcaz P, Gibson PG. Intranasal corticosteroids for asthma control in people with coexisting asthma and rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;( 4 ): CD003570.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLohia S, Schlosser RJ, Soler ZM. Impact of intranasal corticosteroids on asthma outcomes in allergic rhinitis: a metaâ analysis. Allergy. 2013; 68: 569 â 579.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeiner JM, Abramson MJ, Puy RM. Intranasal corticosteroids versus oral H1 receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 1998; 317: 1624 â 1629.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYanez A, Rodrigo GJ. Intranasal corticosteroids versus topical H1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review with metaâ analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 89: 479 â 484.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBenninger M, Farrar JR, Blaiss M, et al. Evaluating approved medications to treat allergic rhinitis in the United States: an evidenceâ based review of efficacy for nasal symptoms by class. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 104: 13 â 29.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson AM, O’Byrne PM, Parameswaran K. Leukotriene receptor antagonists for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Am J Med. 2004; 116: 338 â 344.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMaspero JF, Rosenblut A, Finn A Jr, Lim J, Wu W, Philpot E. Safety and efficacy of fluticasone furoate in pediatric patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008; 138: 30 â 37.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Tripathy I, Maspero JF, Wu W, Philpot E. Safety and tolerability of fluticasone furoate nasal spray once daily in paediatric patients aged 6â 11 years with allergic rhinitis: subanalysis of three randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled, multicentre studies. Clin Drug Investig. 2009; 29: 79 â 86.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosenblut A, Bardin PG, Muller B, et al. Longâ term safety of fluticasone furoate nasal spray in adults and adolescents with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2007; 62: 1071 â 1077.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner PH, Meltzer EO, Teper A. Mometasone furoate nasal spray is safe and effective for 1â year treatment of children with perennial allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009; 73: 651 â 657.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVerkerk MM, Bhatia D, Rimmer J, Earls P, Sacks R, Harvey RJ. Intranasal steroids and the myth of mucosal atrophy: a systematic review of original histological assessments. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015; 29: 3 â 18.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan As A, Bronsky EA, Dockhorn RJ, et al. Once daily fluticasone propionate is as effective for perennial allergic rhinitis as twice daily beclomethasone diproprionate. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993; 91: 1146 â 1154.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrannan MD, Herron JM, Reidenberg P, Affrime MB. Lack of hypothalamicâ pituitaryâ adrenal axis suppression with onceâ daily or twiceâ daily beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray administered to patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Ther. 1995; 17: 637 â 647.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVargas R, Dockhorn RJ, Findlay SR, Korenblat PE, Field EA, Kral KM. Effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray versus oral prednisone on the hypothalamicâ pituitaryâ adrenal axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 102: 191 â 197.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHowland WC 3rd, Dockhorn R, Gillman S, et al. A comparison of effects of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray, oral prednisone, and placebo on adrenocortical function in male patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 98: 32 â 38.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNayak AS, Ellis MH, Gross GN, et al. The effects of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray on adrenocortical function in children with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 101: 157 â 162.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalant SP, Melamed IR, Nayak AS, et al. Lack of effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray on the hypothalamicâ pituitaryâ adrenal axis in 2â and 3â yearâ old patients. Pediatrics. 2003; 112: 96 â 100.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim K, Weiswasser M, Nave R, et al. Safety of onceâ daily ciclesonide nasal spray in children 2 to 5 years of age with perennial allergic rhinitis. Pediatr Asthma Allergy Immunol. 2007; 20: 229 â 242.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChervinsky P, Kunjibettu S, Miller DL, et al. Longâ term safety and efficacy of intranasal ciclesonide in adult and adolescent patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007; 99: 69 â 76.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatel D, Ratner P, Clements D, Wu W, Faris M, Philpot E. Lack of effect on adult and adolescent hypothalamicâ pituitaryâ adrenal axis function with use of fluticasone furoate nasal spray. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 100: 490 â 496.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeinstein S, Qaqundah P, Georges G, Nayak A. Efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray in children aged 2 to 5 years with perennial allergic rhinitis: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study with an openâ label extension. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 102: 339 â 347.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTripathy I, Levy A, Ratner P, Clements D, Wu W, Philpot E. HPA axis safety of fluticasone furoate nasal spray once daily in children with perennial allergic rhinitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009; 20: 287 â 294.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHampel FC Jr, Nayak NA, Segall N, Small CJ, Li J, Tantry SK. No hypothalamicâ pituitaryâ adrenal function effect with beclomethasone dipropionate nasal aerosol, based on 24â hour serum cortisol in pediatric allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115: 137 â 142.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiu A, Manche EE. Bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts associated with longâ term intranasal steroid use. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011; 37: 1555 â 1558.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAhmadi N, Snidvongs K, Kalish L, et al. Intranasal corticosteroids do not affect intraocular pressure or lens opacity: a systematic review of controlled trials. Rhinology. 2015; 53: 290 â 302.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMener DJ, Shargorodsky J, Varadhan R, Lin SY. Topical intranasal corticosteroids and growth velocity in children: a metaâ analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 95 â 103.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMucha SM, deTineo M, Naclerio RM, Baroody FM. Comparison of montelukast and pseudoephedrine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006; 132: 164 â 172.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorak F, Zieglmayer P, Zieglmayer R, et al. A placeboâ controlled study of the nasal decongestant effect of phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine in the Vienna Challenge Chamber. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 102: 116 â 120.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Ratner PH, McGraw T. Oral phenylephrine HCl for nasal congestion in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, openâ label, placeboâ controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015; 3: 702 â 708.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSalerno SM, Jackson JL, Berbano EP. The impact of oral phenylpropanolamine on blood pressure: a metaâ analysis and review of the literature. J Hum Hypertens. 2005; 19: 643 â 652.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSalerno SM, Jackson JL, Berbano EP. Effect of oral pseudoephedrine on blood pressure and heart rate: a metaâ analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165: 1686 â 1694.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, et al. Phenylpropanolamine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 1826 â 1832.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVernacchio L, Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Mitchell AA. Pseudoephedrine use among US children, 1999â 2006: results from the Slone survey. Pediatrics. 2008; 122: 1299 â 1304.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoberge RJ, Hirani KH, Rowland PL 3rd, Berkeley R, Krenzelok EP. Dextromethorphanâ and pseudoephedrineâ induced agitated psychosis and ataxia: case report. J Emerg Med. 1999; 17: 285 â 288.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSauder KL, Brady WJ Jr, Hennes H. Visual hallucinations in a toddler: accidental ingestion of a sympathomimetic overâ theâ counter nasal decongestant. Am J Emerg Med. 1997; 15: 521 â 526.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarnes ML, Biallosterski BT, Gray RD, Fardon TC, Lipworth BJ. Decongestant effects of nasal xylometazoline and mometasone furoate in persistent allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 2005; 43: 291 â 295.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWatanabe H, Foo TH, Djazaeri B, Duncombe P, Mackay IS, Durham SR. Oxymetazoline nasal spray three times daily for four weeks in normal subjects is not associated with rebound congestion or tachyphylaxis. Rhinology. 2003; 41: 167 â 174.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDevillier P, Dreyfus JF, Demoly P, Calderon MA. A metaâ analysis of sublingual allergen immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy in pollenâ induced seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. BMC Med. 2014; 12: 71.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrainger J, Drakeâ Lee A. Montelukast in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006; 31: 360 â 367.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRodrigo GJ, Yanez A. The role of antileukotriene therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a systematic review of randomized trials. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 96: 779 â 786.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGonyeau MJ, Partisan AM. A clinical review of montelukast in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Formulary. 2003; 38: 368 â 378.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEndo S, Gotoh M, Okubo K, Hashiguchi K, Suzuki H, Masuyama K. Trial of pranlukast inhibitory effect for cedar exposure using an OHIO chamber. J Drug Assess. 2012; 1: 48 â 54.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWakabayashi K, Hashiguchi K, Kanzaki S, et al. Pranlukast dry syrup inhibits symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis in children using OHIO Chamber. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: 102 â 109.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDay JH, Briscoe MP, Ratz JD. Efficacy of levocetirizine compared with montelukast in subjects with ragweedâ induced seasonal allergic rhinitis in the Environmental Exposure Unit. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008; 29: 304 â 312.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatel P, Philip G, Yang W, et al. Randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study of montelukast for treating perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 95: 551 â 557.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChervinsky P, Philip G, Malice MP, et al. Montelukast for treating fall allergic rhinitis: effect of pollen exposure in 3 studies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 92: 367 â 373.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePhilip G, Nayak AS, Berger WE, et al. The effect of montelukast on rhinitis symptoms in patients with asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004; 20: 1549 â 1558.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Adelsberg J, Philip G, Pedinoff AJ, et al. Montelukast improves symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis over a 4â week treatment period. Allergy. 2003; 58: 1268 â 1276.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Adelsberg J, Philip G, LaForce CF, et al. Randomized controlled trial evaluating the clinical benefit of montelukast for treating spring seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 90: 214 â 222.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePhilip G, Malmstrom K, Hampel FC, et al. Montelukast for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial performed in the spring. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002; 32: 1020 â 1028.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner PH, Howland WC 3rd, Arastu R, et al. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray provided significantly greater improvement in daytime and nighttime nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis compared with montelukast. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 90: 536 â 542.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePullerits T, Praks L, Skoogh BE, Ani R, Lotvall J. Randomized placeboâ controlled study comparing a leukotriene receptor antagonist and a nasal glucocorticoid in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159: 1814 â 1818.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGoodman MJ, Jhaveri M, Saverno K, Meyer K, Nightengale B. Costâ effectiveness of secondâ generation antihistamines and montelukast in relieving allergic rhinitis nasal symptoms. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2008; 1: 26 â 34.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJiang RS. Efficacy of a leukotriene receptor antagonist in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. J Otolaryngol. 2006; 35: 117 â 121.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAltounyan RE. Review of clinical activity and mode of action of sodium cromoglycate. Clin Allergy. 1980; 10 Suppl: 481 â 489.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKay AB, Walsh GM, Moqbel R, et al. Disodium cromoglycate inhibits activation of human inflammatory cells in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987; 80: 1 â 8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEdwards AM. Chromones. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2014; 100: 317 â 322.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKuriyama K, Hiyama Y, Nagatahira R, Okuda T, Saito K, Ito K. An antiallergic activity of disodium cromoglycate unrelated to mast cell activation. Agents Actions. 1986; 18: 473 â 478.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMurphy S, Kelly HW. Cromolyn sodium: a review of mechanisms and clinical use in asthma. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1987; 21: 22 â 35.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolgate ST. Reflections on the mechanism(s) of action of sodium cromoglycate (Intal) and the role of mast cells in asthma. Respir Med. 1989; 83 ( Suppl A ): 25 â 31.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNasalCrom. Cromolyn nasal. Drug monograph. Dosing. Epocrates, Inc.; 2017. http://online.epocrates.com/drugs/otcs/211701/NasalCrom/Dosing. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLejeune M, Lefebvre PP, Delvenne P, Elâ Shazly AE. Nasal sodium cromoglycate (Lomusol) modulates the early phase reaction of mild to moderate persistent allergic rhinitis in patients monoâ sensitized to house dust mite: a preliminary study. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 26: 272 â 276.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTandon MK, Strahan EG. Doubleâ blind crossover trial comparing beclomethasone dipropionate and sodium cromoglycate in perennial allergic rhinitis. Clin Allergy. 1980; 10: 459 â 462.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcDowell MK, Spitz E. Treatment of chronic perennial allergic rhinitis: a doubleâ blind trial of cromolyn sodium. Ann Allergy. 1977; 39: 169 â 174.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWarland A, Kapstad B. The effect of disodium cromoglycate in perennial allergic rhinitis. A controlled clinical study. Acta Allergol. 1977; 32: 195 â 199.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCohan RH, Bloom FL, Rhoades RB, Wittig HJ, Haugh LD. Treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis with cromolyn sodium. Doubleâ blind study on 34 adult patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1976; 58: 121 â 128.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLange B, Lukat KF, Rettig K, Holtappels G, Bachert C. Efficacy, costâ effectiveness, and tolerability of mometasone furoate, levocabastine, and disodium cromoglycate nasal sprays in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 95: 272 â 282.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFisher WG. Comparison of budesonide and disodium cromoglycate for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children. Ann Allergy. 1994; 73: 515 â 520.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Chanal I, Alquie MC, et al. Prevention of pollen rhinitis symptoms: comparison of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray and disodium cromoglycate aqueous nasal spray. A multicenter, doubleâ blind, doubleâ dummy, parallelâ group study. Allergy. 1993; 48: 327 â 333.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWelsh PW, Stricker WE, Chu CP, et al. Efficacy of beclomethasone nasal solution, flunisolide, and cromolyn in relieving symptoms of ragweed allergy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1987; 62: 125 â 134.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBjerrum P, Illum P. Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with budesonide and disodium cromoglycate. A doubleâ blind clinical comparison between budesonide and disodium cromoglycate. Allergy. 1985; 40: 65 â 69.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorrowâ Brown H, Jackson FA, Pover GM. A comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray and sodium cromoglycate nasal spray in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1984; 12: 355 â 361.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown HM, Engler C, English JR. A comparative trial of flunisolide and sodium cromoglycate nasal sprays in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Allergy. 1981; 11: 169 â 173.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson JA, Walker SR. A clinical study of the prophylactic use of betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Laryngol Otol. 1976; 90: 201 â 206.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFrankland AW, Walker SR. A comparison of intranasal betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Allergy. 1975; 5: 295 â 300.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO; NasalCrom Study Group. Efficacy and patient satisfaction with cromolyn sodium nasal solution in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a placeboâ controlled study. Clin Ther. 2002; 24: 942 â 952.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchuller DE, Selcow JE, Joos TH, et al. A multicenter trial of nedocromil sodium, 1% nasal solution, compared with cromolyn sodium and placebo in ragweed seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990; 86: 554 â 561.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChandra RK, Heresi G, Woodford G. Doubleâ blind controlled crossover trial of 4% intranasal sodium cromoglycate solution in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1982; 49: 131 â 134.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCraig S, Rubinstein E, Reisman RE, Arbesman CE. Treatment of ragweed hay fever with intranasally administered disodium cromoglycate. Clin Allergy. 1977; 7: 569 â 576.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHandelman NI, Friday GA, Schwartz HJ, et al. Cromolyn sodium nasal solution in the prophylactic treatment of pollenâ induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1977; 59: 237 â 242.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNizami RM, Baboo MT. Efficacy doubleâ blind, crossover study of sodium cromoglycate in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1977; 38: 42 â 45.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePosey WC, Nelson HS. Controlled trials with four per cent cromolyn spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Allergy. 1977; 7: 485 â 496.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKnight A, Underdown BJ, Demanuele F, Hargreave FE. Disodium cromoglycate in ragweedâ allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1976; 58: 278 â 283.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim KT, Kerwin E, Landwehr L, et al. Use of 0.06% ipratropium bromide nasal spray in children aged 2 to 5 years with rhinorrhea due to a common cold or allergies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 94: 73 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaiser HB, Findlay SR, Georgitis JW, et al. The anticholinergic agent, ipratropium bromide, is useful in the treatment of rhinorrhea associated with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1998; 19: 23 â 29.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEnsing K, de Zeeuw RA, Nossent GD, Koeter GH, Cornelissen PJ. Pharmacokinetics of ipratropium bromide after single dose inhalation and oral and intravenous administration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1989; 36: 189 â 194.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDockhorn R, Aaronson D, Bronsky E, et al. Ipratropium bromide nasal spray 0.03% and beclomethasone nasal spray alone and in combination for the treatment of rhinorrhea in perennial rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999; 82: 349 â 359.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFinn AF Jr, Aaronson D, Korenblat P, et al. Ipratropium bromide nasal spray 0.03% provides additional relief from rhinorrhea when combined with terfenadine in perennial rhinitis patients; a randomized, doubleâ blind, activeâ controlled trial. Am J Rhinol. 1998; 12: 441 â 449.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Orgel HA, Biondi R, et al. Ipratropium nasal spray in children with perennial rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997; 78: 485 â 491.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGorski P, Pazdrak K, Ruta U. Effect of ipratropium on nasal reactivity to histamine and eosinophil influx in perennial allergic rhinitis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993; 44: 545 â 547.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Orgel HA, Bronsky EA, et al. Ipratropium bromide aqueous nasal spray for patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a study of its effect on their symptoms, quality of life, and nasal cytology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 90: 242 â 249.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSanwikarja S, Schmitz PI, Dieges PH. The effect of locally applied ipratropium aerosol on the nasal methacholine challenge in patients with allergic and nonâ allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1986; 56: 162 â 166.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchultz Larsen F, Mygind N, Larsen FS. Ipratropium treatment for rhinorrhoea in patients with perennial rhinitis. An open followâ up study of efficacy and safety. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1983; 8: 267 â 272.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBorum P, Mygind N, Schultz Larsen F. Intranasal ipratropium: a new treatment for perennial rhinitis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1979; 4: 407 â 411.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMilgrom H, Biondi R, Georgitis JW, et al. Comparison of ipratropium bromide 0.03% with beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of perennial rhinitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999; 83: 105 â 111.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaiser HB, Findlay SR, Georgitis JW, et al. Longâ term treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis with ipratropium bromide nasal spray 0.06%. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 95: 1128 â 1132.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTsabouri S, Tseretopoulou X, Priftis K, Ntzani EE. Omalizumab for the treatment of inadequately controlled allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014; 2: 332 â 340.e1.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdelroth E, Rak S, Haahtela T, et al. Recombinant humanized mAbâ E25, an antiâ IgE mAb, in birch pollenâ induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: 253 â 259.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCasale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, et al. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001; 286: 2956 â 2967.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChervinsky P, Casale T, Townley R, et al. Omalizumab, an antiâ IgE antibody, in the treatment of adults and adolescents with perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91: 160 â 167.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOkubo K, Ogino S, Nagakura T, Ishikawa T. Omalizumab is effective and safe in the treatment of Japanese cedar pollenâ induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergol Int. 2006; 55: 379 â 386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCingi C, Conkâ Dalay M, Cakli H, Bal C. The effects of spirulina on allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008; 265: 1219 â 1223.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCasale TB, Bernstein IL, Busse WW, et al. Use of an antiâ IgE humanized monoclonal antibody in ragweedâ induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997; 100: 110 â 121.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorren J, Diazâ Sanchez D, Saxon A, et al. Effects of omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antiâ IgE antibody, on nasal reactivity to allergen and local IgE synthesis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 93: 243 â 248.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBez C, Schubert R, Kopp M, et al. Effect of antiâ immunoglobulin E on nasal inflammation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 1079 â 1085.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNagakura T, Ogino S, Okubo K, Sato N, Takahashi M, Ishikawa T. Omalizumab is more effective than suplatast tosilate in the treatment of Japanese cedar pollenâ induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38: 329 â 337.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKuehr J, Brauburger J, Zielen S, et al. Efficacy of combination treatment with antiâ IgE plus specific immunotherapy in polysensitized children and adolescents with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 109: 274 â 280.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRolinckâ Werninghaus C, Hamelmann E, Keil T, et al. The coâ seasonal application of antiâ IgE after preseasonal specific immunotherapy decreases ocular and nasal symptom scores and rescue medication use in grass pollen allergic children. Allergy. 2004; 59: 973 â 979.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCasale TB, Busse WW, Kline JN, et al. Omalizumab pretreatment decreases acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweedâ induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 117: 134 â 140.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKopp MV, Hamelmann E, Zielen S, et al. Combination of omalizumab and specific immunotherapy is superior to immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and coâ morbid seasonal allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009; 39: 271 â 279.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKopp MV, Hamelmann E, Bendiks M, et al. Transient impact of omalizumab in pollen allergic patients undergoing specific immunotherapy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013; 24: 427 â 433.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChaker AM, Shamji MH, Dumitru FA, et al. Shortâ term subcutaneous grass pollen immunotherapy under the umbrella of antiâ ILâ 4: A randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 452 â 461.e9.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCordray S, Harjo JB, Miner L. Comparison of intranasal hypertonic dead sea saline spray and intranasal aqueous triamcinolone spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ear Nose Throat J. 2005; 84: 426 â 430.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRogkakou A, Guerra L, Massacane P, et al. Effects on symptoms and quality of life of hypertonic saline nasal spray added to antihistamine in persistent allergic rhinitisâ a randomized controlled study. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 37: 353 â 356.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUral A, Oktemer TK, Kizil Y, Ileri F, Uslu S. Impact of isotonic and hypertonic saline solutions on mucociliary activity in various nasal pathologies: clinical study. J Laryngol Otol. 2009; 123: 517 â 521.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChusakul S, Warathanasin S, Suksangpanya N, et al. Comparison of buffered and nonbuffered nasal saline irrigations in treating allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope. 2013; 123: 53 â 56.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGaravello W, Romagnoli M, Sordo L, Gaini RM, Di Berardino C, Angrisano A. Hypersaline nasal irrigation in children with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2003; 14: 140 â 143.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGaravello W, Di Berardino F, Romagnoli M, Sambataro G, Gaini RM. Nasal rinsing with hypertonic solution: an adjunctive treatment for pediatric seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2005; 137: 310 â 314.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi H, Sha Q, Zuo K, et al. Nasal saline irrigation facilitates control of allergic rhinitis by topical steroid in children. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2009; 71: 50 â 55.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarchisio P, Varricchio A, Baggi E, et al. Hypertonic saline is more effective than normal saline in seasonal allergic rhinitis in children. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2012; 25: 721 â 730.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSatdhabudha A, Poachanukoon O. Efficacy of buffered hypertonic saline nasal irrigation in children with symptomatic allergic rhinitis: a randomized doubleâ blind study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012; 76: 583 â 588.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen JR, Jin L, Li XY. The effectiveness of nasal saline irrigation (seawater) in treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014; 78: 1115 â 1118.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHermelingmeier KE, Weber RK, Hellmich M, Heubach CP, Mosges R. Nasal irrigation as an adjunctive treatment in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2012; 26: e119 â e125.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePsaltis AJ, Foreman A, Wormald PJ, Schlosser RJ. Contamination of sinus irrigation devices: a review of the evidence and clinical relevance. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2012; 26: 201 â 203.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOzdemir O. Various effects of different probiotic strains in allergic disorders: an update from laboratory and clinical data. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010; 160: 295 â 304.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZuccotti G, Meneghin F, Aceti A, et al. Probiotics for prevention of atopic diseases in infants: systematic review and metaâ analysis. Allergy. 2015; 70: 1356 â 1371.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZajac AE, Adams AS, Turner JH. A systematic review and metaâ analysis of probiotics for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 524 â 532.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGuvenc IA, Muluk NB, Mutlu FS, et al. Do probiotics have a role in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?: A comprehensive systematic review and meta analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLue KH, Sun HL, Lu KH, et al. A trial of adding Lactobacillus johnsonii EM1 to levocetirizine for treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in children aged 7â 12 years. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012; 76: 994 â 1001.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang MF, Lin HC, Wang YY, Hsu CH. Treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis with lactic acid bacteria. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004; 15: 152 â 158.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeng GC, Hsu CH. The efficacy and safety of heatâ killed Lactobacillus paracasei for treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis induced by houseâ dust mite. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005; 16: 433 â 438.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCosta DJ, Marteau P, Amouyal M, et al. Efficacy and safety of the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei LPâ 33 in allergic rhinitis: a doubleâ blind, randomized, placeboâ controlled trial (GA2LEN Study). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014; 68: 602 â 607.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin TY, Chen CJ, Chen LK, Wen SH, Jan RH. Effect of probiotics on allergic rhinitis in Df, Dp or dustâ sensitive children: a randomized double blind controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2013; 50: 209 â 213.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKawase M, He F, Kubota A, et al. Effect of fermented milk prepared with two probiotic strains on Japanese cedar pollinosis in a doubleâ blind placeboâ controlled clinical study. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009; 128: 429 â 434.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGiovannini M, Agostoni C, Riva E, et al. A randomized prospective double blind controlled trial on effects of longâ term consumption of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei in preâ school children with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis. Pediatr Res. 2007; 62: 215 â 220.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTamura M, Shikina T, Morihana T, et al. Effects of probiotics on allergic rhinitis induced by Japanese cedar pollen: randomized doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled clinical trial. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007; 143: 75 â 82.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHelin T, Haahtela S, Haahtela T. No effect of oral treatment with an intestinal bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), on birchâ pollen allergy: a placeboâ controlled doubleâ blind study. Allergy. 2002; 57: 243 â 246.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNagata Y, Yoshida M, Kitazawa H, Araki E, Gomyo T. Improvements in seasonal allergic disease with Lactobacillus plantarum No. 14. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010; 74: 1869 â 1877.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen YS, Jan RL, Lin YL, Chen HH, Wang JY. Randomized placeboâ controlled trial of Lactobacillus on asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45: 1111 â 1120.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOuwehand AC, Nermes M, Collado MC, Rautonen N, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Specific probiotics alleviate allergic rhinitis during the birch pollen season. World J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15: 3261 â 3268.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin WY, Fu LS, Lin HK, Shen CY, Chen YJ. Evaluation of the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei (HF.A00232) in children (6â 13 years old) with perennial allergic rhinitis: a 12â week, doubleâ blind, randomized, placeboâ controlled study. Pediatr Neonatol. 2014; 55: 181 â 188.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYonekura S, Okamoto Y, Okawa T, et al. Effects of daily intake of Lactobacillus paracasei strain KW3110 on Japanese cedar pollinosis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2009; 30: 397 â 405.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIshida Y, Nakamura F, Kanzato H, et al. Clinical effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain Lâ 92 on perennial allergic rhinitis: a doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study. J Dairy Sci. 2005; 88: 527 â 533.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAldinucci C, Bellussi L, Monciatti G, et al. Effects of dietary yoghurt on immunological and clinical parameters of rhinopathic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002; 56: 1155 â 1161.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJan RH, Chen CJ, Chen LK, Wen SH, Lin TY. Is the effect of probiotics on allergic rhnitis confined to Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, or dustâ sensitive children? A randomized prospective doubleâ blind controlled trial. Ci Ji Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2011; 23: 51 â 54. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1016319011000474. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGotoh M, Sashihara T, Ikegami S, et al. Efficacy of oral administration of a heatâ killed Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809 on patients of Japanese cedar pollinosis with high Japaneseâ cedar pollenâ specific IgE. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2009; 73: 1971 â 1977.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIvory K, Chambers SJ, Pin C, Prieto E, Arques JL, Nicoletti C. Oral delivery of Lactobacillus casei Shirota modifies allergenâ induced immune responses in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38: 1282 â 1289.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSingh A, Haciniâ Rachinel F, Gosoniu ML, et al. Immuneâ modulatory effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 in individuals suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis to grass pollen: an exploratory, randomized, placeboâ controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013; 67: 161 â 167.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXiao JZ, Kondo S, Yanagisawa N, et al. Effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 [corrected] in relieving clinical symptoms and modulating plasma cytokine levels of Japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season. A randomized doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006; 16: 86 â 93.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXiao JZ, Kondo S, Yanagisawa N, et al. Probiotics in the treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis: a doubleâ blind placeboâ controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36: 1425 â 1435.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNishimura I, Igarashi T, Enomoto T, Dake Y, Okuno Y, Obata A. Clinical efficacy of halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus Th221 from soy sauce moromi for perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergol Int. 2009; 58: 179 â 185.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDolle S, Berg J, Rasche C, Worm M. Tolerability and clinical outcome of coseasonal treatment with Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 in grass pollenâ allergic subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2014; 163: 29 â 35.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiprandi G, Vizzaccaro A, Cirillo I, Tosca MA. Bacillus clausii effects in children with allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2005; 60: 702 â 703.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohnson DA, Hricik JG. The pharmacology of alphaâ adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993; 13: 110S â 115S; discussion 143Sâ 146S.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNielsen LP, Mygind N, Dahl R. Intranasal corticosteroids for allergic rhinitis: superior relief ? Drugs. 2001; 61: 1563 â 1579.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZieglmayer UP, Horak F, Toth J, Marks B, Berger UE, Burtin B. Efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of cetirizine and prolongedâ release pseudoephedrine versus budesonide nasal spray in the management of nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis. Treat Respir Med. 2005; 4: 283 â 287.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaiser HB, Banov CH, Berkowitz RR, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of onceâ daily versus twiceâ daily loratadineâ pseudoephedrine combinations versus placebo in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Ther. 1998; 5: 245 â 251.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNathan RA, Finn AF Jr, LaForce C, et al. Comparison of cetirizineâ pseudoephedrine and placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and concomitant mildâ toâ moderate asthma: randomized, doubleâ blind study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 97: 389 â 396.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcFadden EA, Gungor A, Ng B, Mamikoglu B, Moinuddin R, Corey J. Loratadine/pseudoephedrine for nasal symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study. Ear Nose Throat J. 2000; 79: 254, 257â 258, 260 passim.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSerra HA, Alves O, Rizzo LF, Devoto FM, Ascierto H. Loratadineâ pseudoephedrine in children with allergic rhinitis, a controlled doubleâ blind trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998; 45: 147 â 150.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorren J, Harris AG, Aaronson D, et al. Efficacy and safety of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and mild asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997; 100: 781 â 788.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBronsky E, Boggs P, Findlay S, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of a onceâ daily loratadineâ pseudoephedrine combination versus its components alone and placebo in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 96: 139 â 147.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrossman J, Bronsky EA, Lanier BQ, et al. Loratadineâ pseudoephedrine combination versus placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1989; 63: 317 â 321.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSussman GL, Mason J, Compton D, Stewart J, Ricard N. The efficacy and safety of fexofenadine HCl and pseudoephedrine, alone and in combination, in seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 104: 100 â 106.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBertrand B, Jamart J, Marchal JL, Arendt C. Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard alone and in combination in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis: a doubleâ blind multicentre study. Rhinology. 1996; 34: 91 â 96.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrosclaude M, Mees K, Pinelli ME, Lucas M, Van de Venne H. Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard, given alone or in combination, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 1997; 35: 67 â 73.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePleskow W, Grubbe R, Weiss S, Lutsky B. Efficacy and safety of an extendedâ release formulation of desloratadine and pseudoephedrine vs the individual components in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 94: 348 â 354.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChervinsky P, Nayak A, Rooklin A, Danzig M. Efficacy and safety of desloratadine/pseudoephedrine tablet, 2.5/120 mg two times a day, versus individual components in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2005; 26: 391 â 396.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrubbe RE, Lumry WR, Anolik R. Efficacy and safety of desloratadine/pseudoephedrine combination vs its components in seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19: 117 â 124.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChiang YC, Shyur SD, Chen TL, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cetirizine plus pseudoephedrine versus loratadine plus pseudoephedrine for perennial allergic rhinitis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2006; 24: 97 â 103.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen YA, Chang KP, Lin YS, Hao SP. A randomized, doubleâ blind, parallelâ group study to compare the efficacy and safety of a onceâ daily loratadineâ pseudoephedrine combination with that of a twiceâ daily loratadineâ pseudoephedrine combination in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007; 264: 1019 â 1025.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYau WP, Mitchell AA, Lin KJ, Werler MM, Hernandezâ Diaz S. Use of decongestants during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 178: 198 â 208.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHampton LM, Nguyen DB, Edwards JR, Budnitz DS. Cough and cold medication adverse events after market withdrawal and labeling revision. Pediatrics. 2013; 132: 1047 â 1054.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoinuddin R, deTineo M, Maleckar B, Naclerio RM, Baroody FM. Comparison of the combinations of fexofenadineâ pseudoephedrine and loratadineâ montelukast in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 92: 73 â 79.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStubner UP, Toth J, Marks B, Berger UE, Burtin B, Horak F. Efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of cetirizine and prolongedâ release pseudoephedrine versus xylometazoline nasal spray in nasal congestion. Arzneimittelforschung. 2001; 51: 904 â 910.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson A, Dempsey OJ, Sims EJ, Coutie WJ, Paterson MC, Lipworth BJ. Evaluation of treatment response in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis using domiciliary nasal peak inspiratory flow. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000; 30: 833 â 838.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarnes ML, Ward JH, Fardon TC, Lipworth BJ. Effects of levocetirizine as addâ on therapy to fluticasone in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36: 676 â 684.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner PH, van Bavel JH, Martin BG, et al. A comparison of the efficacy of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray and loratadine, alone and in combination, for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Fam Pract. 1998; 47: 118 â 125.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Lorenzo G, Pacor ML, Pellitteri ME, et al. Randomized placeboâ controlled trial comparing fluticasone aqueous nasal spray in monoâ therapy, fluticasone plus cetirizine, fluticasone plus montelukast and cetirizine plus montelukast for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 259 â 267.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePinar E, Eryigit O, Oncel S, Calli C, Yilmaz O, Yuksel H. Efficacy of nasal corticosteroids alone or combined with antihistamines or montelukast in treatment of allergic rhinitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2008; 35: 61 â 66.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFeng S, Fan Y, Liang Z, Ma R, Cao W. Concomitant corticosteroid nasal spray plus antihistamine (oral or local spray) for the symptomatic management of allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016; 273: 3477 â 3486.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCiebiada M, Barylski M, Gorska Ciebiada M. Nasal eosinophilia and serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in patients with allergic rhinitis treated with montelukast alone or in combination with desloratadine or levocetirizine. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013; 27: e58 â e62.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYamamoto H, Yamada T, Sakashita M, et al. Efficacy of prophylactic treatment with montelukast and montelukast plus addâ on loratadine for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: e17 â e22.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCingi C, Gunhan K, Gageâ White L, Unlu H. Efficacy of leukotriene antagonists as concomitant therapy in allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope. 2010; 120: 1718 â 1723.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi AM, Abdullah VJ, Tsen CS, et al. Leukotriene receptor antagonist in the treatment of childhood allergic rhinitisâ a randomized placeboâ controlled study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44: 1085 â 1092.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLu S, Malice MP, Dass SB, Reiss TF. Clinical studies of combination montelukast and loratadine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Asthma. 2009; 46: 878 â 883.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWatanasomsiri A, Poachanukoon O, Vichyanond P. Efficacy of montelukast and loratadine as treatment for allergic rhinitis in children. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2008; 26: 89 â 95.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaengpanich S, deTineo M, Naclerio RM, Baroody FM. Fluticasone nasal spray and the combination of loratadine and montelukast in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 129: 557 â 562.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNayak AS, Philip G, Lu S, Malice MP, Reiss TF; Montelukast Fall Rhinitis Investigator Group. Efficacy and tolerability of montelukast alone or in combination with loratadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a multicenter, randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial performed in the fall. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 88: 592 â 600.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, Malmstrom K, Lu S, et al. Concomitant montelukast and loratadine as treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, placeboâ controlled clinical trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: 917 â 922.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson AM, Orr LC, Sims EJ, Lipworth BJ. Effects of monotherapy with intraâ nasal corticosteroid or combined oral histamine and leukotriene receptor antagonists in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 61 â 68.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePrenner BM, Lu S, Danzig MR. Safety of fixedâ dose loratadine/montelukast in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2010; 31: 493 â 498.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger W, Meltzer EO, Amar N, et al. Efficacy of MPâ AzeFlu in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: Importance of paediatric symptom assessment. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016; 27: 126 â 133.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer E, Ratner P, Bachert C, et al. Clinically relevant effect of a new intranasal therapy (MP29â 02) in allergic rhinitis assessed by responder analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013; 161: 369 â 377.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePrice D, Shah S, Bhatia S, et al. A new therapy (MP29â 02) is effective for the longâ term treatment of chronic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2013; 23: 495 â 503.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarr W, Bernstein J, Lieberman P, et al. A novel intranasal therapy of azelastine with fluticasone for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 1282 â 1289.e10.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO, LaForce C, Ratner P, Price D, Ginsberg D, Carr W. MP29â 02 (a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate) in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial of efficacy and safety. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: 324 â 332.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIshikura Y, Sumwa Y, Okada T. Antiâ allergic effects of Rubus suavissimus extract. Japanese J Inflamm. 1995; 15: 167 â 173.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSalapatek AM, Lee J, Patel D, et al. Solubilized nasal steroid (CDXâ 947) when combined in the same solution nasal spray with an antihistamine (CDXâ 313) provides improved, fastâ acting symptom relief in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011; 32: 221 â 229.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHampel FC, Ratner PH, Van Bavel J, et al. Doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study of azelastine and fluticasone in a single nasal spray delivery device. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 105: 168 â 173.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRatner PH, Hampel F, Van Bavel J, et al. Combination therapy with azelastine hydrochloride nasal spray and fluticasone propionate nasal spray in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 100: 74 â 81.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger W, Bousquet J, Fox AT, et al. MPâ AzeFlu is more effective than fluticasone propionate for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. Allergy. 2016; 71: 1219 â 1222.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlimek L, Bachert C, Stjarne P, et al. MPâ AzeFlu provides rapid and effective allergic rhinitis control in real life: a panâ European study. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016; 37: 376 â 386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlimek L, Bachert C, Mosges R, et al. Effectiveness of MP29â 02 for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in realâ life: results from a noninterventional study. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015; 36: 40 â 47.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMa KW. Acupuncture: its place in the history of Chinese medicine. Acupunct Med. 2002; 18: 88 â 99.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZijlstra FJ, van den Bergâ de Lange I, Huygen FJ, Klein J. Antiâ inflammatory actions of acupuncture. Mediators Inflamm. 2003; 12: 59 â 69.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoberts J, Huissoon A, Dretzke J, Wang D, Hyde C. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008; 8: 13.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFeng S, Han M, Fan Y, et al. Acupuncture for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015; 29: 57 â 62.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePetti FB, Liguori A, Ippoliti F. Study on cytokines ILâ 2, ILâ 6, ILâ 10 in patients of chronic allergic rhinitis treated with acupuncture. J Tradit Chin Med. 2002; 22: 104 â 111.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDuddukuri GR, Kumar PS, Kumar VB, Athota RR. Immunosuppressive effect of honey on the induction of allergenâ specific humoral antibody response in mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997; 114: 385 â 388.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIshikawa Y, Tokura T, Nakano N, et al. Inhibitory effect of honeybeeâ collected pollen on mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro. J Med Food. 2008; 11: 14 â 20.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIshikawa Y, Tokura T, Ushio H, et al. Lipidâ soluble components of honeybeeâ collected pollen exert antiallergic effect by inhibiting IgEâ mediated mast cell activation in vivo. Phytother Res. 2009; 23: 1581 â 1586.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSubrahmanyam M. A prospective randomised clinical and histological study of superficial burn wound healing with honey and silver sulfadiazine. Burns. 1998; 24: 157 â 161.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlâ Waili NS, Boni NS. Natural honey lowers plasma prostaglandin concentrations in normal individuals. J Med Food. 2003; 6: 129 â 133.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsha’ari ZA, Ahmad MZ, Jihan WS, Che CM, Leman I. Ingestion of honey improves the symptoms of allergic rhinitis: evidence from a randomized placeboâ controlled trial in the East coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Ann Saudi Med. 2013; 33: 469 â 475.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaarinen K, Jantunen J, Haahtela T. Birch pollen honey for birch pollen allergyâ a randomized controlled pilot study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011; 155: 160 â 166.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRajan TV, Tennen H, Lindquist RL, Cohen L, Clive J. Effect of ingestion of honey on symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 88: 198 â 203.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBogdanov S, Jurendic T, Sieber R, Gallmann P. Honey for nutrition and health: a review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008; 27: 677 â 689.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMatkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N. Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Phytother Res. 2010; 24: 175 â 181.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD’Souza P, Amit A, Saxena VS, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ. Antioxidant properties of Allerâ 7, a novel polyherbal formulation for allergic rhinitis. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2004; 30: 99 â 109.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePratibha N, Saxena VS, Amit A, D’Souza P, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Antiâ inflammatory activities of Allerâ 7, a novel polyherbal formulation for allergic rhinitis. Int J Tissue React. 2004; 26: 43 â 51.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmit A, Saxena VS, Pratibha N, et al. Mast cell stabilization, lipoxygenase inhibition, hyaluronidase inhibition, antihistaminic and antispasmodic activities of Allerâ 7, a novel botanical formulation for allergic rhinitis. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2003; 29: 107 â 115.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGuo R, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007; 99: 483 â 495.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuzuki M, Yoshino K, Maedaâ Yamamoto M, Miyase T, Sano M. Inhibitory effects of tea catechins and Oâ methylated derivatives of (â )â epigallocatechinâ 3â Oâ gallate on mouse type IV allergy. J Agric Food Chem. 2000; 48: 5649 â 5653.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMaedaâ Yamamoto M, Inagaki N, Kitaura J, et al. Oâ methylated catechins from tea leaves inhibit multiple protein kinases in mast cells. J Immunol. 2004; 172: 4486 â 4492.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMasuda S, Maedaâ Yamamoto M, Usui S, Fujisawa T. â Benifuukiâ green tea containing oâ methylated catechin reduces symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial. Allergol Int. 2014; 63: 211 â 217.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHu G, Walls RS, Bass D, et al. The Chinese herbal formulation biminne in management of perennial allergic rhinitis: a randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled, 12â week clinical trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 88: 478 â 487.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShimoda H, Tanaka J, Yamada E, Morikawa T, Kasajima N, Yoshikawa M. Anti type I allergic property of Japanese butterbur extract and its mast cell degranulation inhibitory ingredients. J Agric Food Chem. 2006; 54: 2915 â 2920.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRussell LC, Burchiel KJ. Neurophysiological effects of capsaicin. Brain Res. 1984; 320: 165 â 176.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePhilip G, Baroody FM, Proud D, Naclerio RM, Togias AG. The human nasal response to capsaicin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994; 94: 1035 â 1045.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCheng J, Yang XN, Liu X, Zhang SP. Capsaicin for allergic rhinitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;( 2 ): CD004460.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorren J, Lemay M, Lin Y, Rozga L, Randolph RK. Clinical and biochemical effects of a combination botanical product (ClearGuard) for allergy: a pilot randomized doubleâ blind placeboâ controlled trial. Nutr J. 2008; 7: 20.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOhmori Y, Ito M, Kishi M, Mizutani H, Katada T, Konishi H. Antiallergic constituents from oolong tea stem. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995; 18: 683 â 686.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein DI, Bernstein CK, Deng C, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of grapeseed extract in the treatment of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 88: 272 â 278.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChakravarty N. Inhibition of histamine release from mast cells by nigellone. Ann Allergy. 1993; 70: 237 â 242.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEl Gazzar M, El Mezayen R, Marecki JC, Nicolls MR, Canastar A, Dreskin SC. Antiâ inflammatory effect of thymoquinone in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006; 6: 1135 â 1142.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKalus U, Pruss A, Bystron J, et al. Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on subjective feeling in patients with allergic diseases. Phytother Res. 2003; 17: 1209 â 1214.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNikakhlagh S, Rahim F, Aryani FH, Syahpoush A, Brougerdnya MG, Saki N. Herbal treatment of allergic rhinitis: the use of Nigella sativa. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011; 32: 402 â 407.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlsamarai AM, Abdulsatar M, Ahmed Alobaidi AH. Evaluation of topical black seed oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2014; 13: 75 â 82.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRotondo S, Rajtar G, Manarini S, et al. Effect of transâ resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. Br J Pharmacol. 1998; 123: 1691 â 1699.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVarilek GW, Yang F, Lee EY, et al. Green tea polyphenol extract attenuates inflammation in interleukinâ 2â deficient mice, a model of autoimmunity. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 2034 â 2039.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYang F, de Villiers WJ, McClain CJ, Varilek GW. Green tea polyphenols block endotoxinâ induced tumor necrosis factorâ production and lethality in a murine model. J Nutr. 1998; 128: 2334 â 2340.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMakino T, Furuta Y, Wakushima H, Fujii H, Saito K, Kano Y. Antiâ allergic effect of Perilla frutescens and its active constituents. Phytother Res. 2003; 17: 240 â 243.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTakano H, Osakabe N, Sanbongi C, et al. Extract of Perilla frutescens enriched for rosmarinic acid, a polyphenolic phytochemical, inhibits seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in humans. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004; 229: 247 â 254.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLenon GB, Xue CC, Story DF, Thien FC, McPhee S, Li CG. Inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators in primary and cultured cells by a Chinese herbal medicine formula for allergic rhinitis. Chin Med. 2007; 2: 2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLenon GB, Li CG, Xue CC, Thien FC, Story DF. Inhibition of release of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators in airway and vascular tissues and macrophages by a chinese herbal medicine formula for allergic rhinitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007; 4: 209 â 217.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXue CC, Thien FC, Zhang JJ, Da Costa C, Li CG. Treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis by Chinese herbal medicine: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003; 9: 80 â 87.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMao TK, Van de Water J, Gershwin ME. Effects of a Spirulinaâ based dietary supplement on cytokine production from allergic rhinitis patients. J Med Food. 2005; 8: 27 â 30.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarkos PD, Leong SC, Karkos CD, Sivaji N, Assimakopoulos DA. Spirulina in clinical practice: evidenceâ based human applications. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011; 2011: 531053.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYonekura S, Okamoto Y, Yamasaki K, et al. A randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study of tenâ cha ( Rubus suavissimus ) on house dust mite allergic rhinitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2011; 38: 600 â 607.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDas AK, Mizuguchi H, Kodama M, et al. Shoâ seiryuâ to suppresses histamine signaling at the transcriptional level in TDIâ sensitized nasal allergy model rats. Allergol Int. 2009; 58: 81 â 88.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaba S. Doubleâ blind clinical tiral of Shoâ seiryuâ to (TJâ 19) for perennial nasal allergy. Pract Otol. 1995; 88: 389 â 405.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBadar VA, Thawani VR, Wakode PT, et al. Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia in allergic rhinitis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 96: 445 â 449.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoscheck B, Fink RC, McMichael A. Nettle extract ( Urtica dioica ) affects key receptor and enzymes associated with allergic rhinitis. Phytother Res. 2009; 23: 920 â 926.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMittman P. Randomized, doubleâ blind study of freezeâ dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Planta Med. 1990; 56: 44 â 47.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePassali D, Lauriello M, Anselmi M, Bellussi L. Treatment of hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate: longâ term results in 382 patients randomly assigned to therapy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1999; 108: 569 â 575.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJose J, Coatesworth AP. Inferior turbinate surgery for nasal obstruction in allergic rhinitis after failed medical treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;( 12 ): CD005235.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCosta DJ, Sanford T, Janney C, Cooper M, Sindwani R. Radiographic and anatomic characterization of the nasal septal swell body. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010; 136: 1107 â 1110.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaratzanis AD, Fragiadakis G, Moshandrea J, Zenk J, Iro H, Velegrakis GA. Septoplasty outcome in patients with and without allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 2009; 47: 444 â 449.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim YH, Kim BJ, Bang KH, Hwang Y, Jang TY. Septoplasty improves life quality related to allergy in patients with septal deviation and allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011; 145: 910 â 914.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMori S, Fujieda S, Yamada T, Kimura Y, Takahashi N, Saito H. Longâ term effect of submucous turbinectomy in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope. 2002; 112: 865 â 869.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen YL, Tan CT, Huang HM. Longâ term efficacy of microdebriderâ assisted inferior turbinoplasty with lateralization for hypertrophic inferior turbinates in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope. 2008; 118: 1270 â 1274.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaffier PP, Scherer H, Neumann K, Luck S, Enzmann H, Haisch A. Diode laser treatment in therapyâ resistant allergic rhinitis: impact on nasal obstruction and associated symptoms. Lasers Med Sci. 2011; 26: 57 â 67.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChang CW, Ries WR. Surgical treatment of the inferior turbinate: new techniques. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 12: 53 â 57.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHytonen ML, Back LJ, Malmivaara AV, Roine RP. Radiofrequency thermal ablation for patients with nasal symptoms: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009; 266: 1257 â 1266.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi KK, Powell NB, Riley RW, Troell RJ, Guilleminault C. Radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction for treatment of turbinate hypertrophy: a pilot study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998; 119: 569 â 573.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin HC, Lin PW, Friedman M, et al. Longâ term results of radiofrequency turbinoplasty for allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010; 136: 892 â 895.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSiméon R, Soufflet B, Souchal Delacour I. Coblation turbinate reduction in childhood allergic rhinitis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2010; 127: 77 â 82.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAksoy F, Yildirim YS, Veyseller B, Ozturan O, Demirhan H. Midterm outcomes of outfracture of the inferior turbinate. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010; 143: 579 â 584.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChhabra N, Houser SM. The diagnosis and management of empty nose syndrome. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2009; 42: 311 â 330, ix.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTan G, Ma Y, Li H, Li W, Wang J. Longâ term results of bilateral endoscopic vidian neurectomy in the management of moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012; 138: 492 â 497.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarshak T, Yun WK, Hazout C, Sacks R, Harvey RJ. A systematic review of the evidence base for vidian neurectomy in managing rhinitis. J Laryngol Otol. 2016; 130 ( Suppl 4 ): S7 â S28.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKobayashi T, Hyodo M, Nakamura K, Komobuchi H, Honda N. Resection of peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerve compared to conventional posterior neurectomy in severe allergic rhinitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2012; 39: 593 â 596.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOsguthorpe JD. The evolution of understanding inhalant allergy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011; 44: 519 â 535, vii.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNoon L. Prophylactic inoculation against hayfever. Lancet. 1911; 1: 1572 â 1573.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMason WW, Ward WA. Standardized extracts. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1992; 25: 101 â 117.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZimmer J, Vieths S, Kaul S. Standardization and regulation of allergen products in the European Union. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16: 21.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCarnes J, Iraola V, Gallego M, Leonor JR. Control process for manufacturing and standardization of allergenic molecules. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015; 15: 37.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePark KH, Son M, Choi SY, et al. In vitro evaluation of allergen potencies of commercial house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy reagents. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2015; 7: 124 â 129.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThomsen GF, Schlunssen V, Skadhauge LR, et al. Are allergen batch differences and the use of double skin prick test important ? BMC Pulm Med. 2015; 15: 33.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSlater JE. Standardized allergen extracts in the United States. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2004; 18: 421 â 432.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJutel M, Agache I, Bonini S, et al. International Consensus on Allergen Immunotherapy II: mechanisms, standardization, and pharmacoeconomics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 358 â 368.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFernándezâ Caldas E, Zakzuk J, Lockey RF. Allergen Standardization. Posted September 2009. Milwaukee, WI: World Allergy Organization; 2009. http://www.worldallergy.org/professional/allergic_diseases_center/allergen_standardization/. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFocke M, Marth K, Flicker S, Valenta R. Heterogeneity of commercial Timothy grass pollen extracts. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38: 1400 â 1408.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreticos PS. Allergen immunotherapy: vaccine modification. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36: 103 â 124.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValenta R, Campana R, Fockeâ Tejkl M, Niederberger V. Vaccine development for allergenâ specific immunotherapy based on recombinant allergens and synthetic allergen peptides: lessons from the past and novel mechanisms of action for the future. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137: 351 â 357.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWorm M, Patel D, Creticos PS. Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013; 22: 1347 â 1357.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePauli G, Larsen TH, Rak S, et al. Efficacy of recombinant birch pollen vaccine for the treatment of birchâ allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 122: 951 â 960.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNony E, Bouley J, Le Mignon M, et al. Development and evaluation of a sublingual tablet based on recombinant Bet v 1 in birch pollenâ allergic patients. Allergy. 2015; 70: 795 â 804.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlimek L, Schendzielorz P, Pinol R, Pfaar O. Specific subcutaneous immunotherapy with recombinant grass pollen allergens: first randomized doseâ ranging safety study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42: 936 â 945.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJutel M, Jaeger L, Suck R, Meyer H, Fiebig H, Cromwell O. Allergenâ specific immunotherapy with recombinant grass pollen allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 608 â 613.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCircassia Pharmaceuticals. Circassia Announces Topâ Line Results from Cat Allergy Phase III Study. Press release. Oxford, UK: Circassia Pharmaceuticals; June 20, 2016. http://www.circassia.com/media/press-releases/circassia-announces-top-line-results-from-cat-allergy-phase-iii-study/. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCircassia Pharmaceuticals. Circassia Announces Topâ Line Results from House Dust Mite Allergy Field Study. Press release. Oxford, UK: Circassia Pharmaceuticals; April 18, 2017. http://www.circassia.com/media/press-releases/circassia-announces-top-line-results-from-house-dust-mite-allergy-field-study/. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpertini F, DellaCorte G, Kettner A, et al. Efficacy of 2 months of allergenâ specific immunotherapy with Bet v 1â derived contiguous overlapping peptides in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: results of a phase IIb study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138: 162 â 168.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNorman PS, Lichtenstein LM, Marsh DG. Studies on allergoids from naturally occurring allergens. IV. Efficacy and safety of longâ term allergoid treatment of ragweed hay fever. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1981; 68: 460 â 470.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrammer LC, Zeiss CR, Suszko IM, Shaughnessy MA, Patterson R. A doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial of polymerized whole ragweed for immunotherapy of ragweed allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982; 69: 494 â 499.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrammer LC, Shaughnessy MA, Suszko IM, Shaughnessy JJ, Patterson R. A doubleâ blind histamine placeboâ controlled trial of polymerized whole grass for immunotherapy of grass allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1983; 72: 448 â 453.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePfaar O, Urry Z, Robinson DS, et al. A randomized placeboâ controlled trial of rush preseasonal depigmented polymerized grass pollen immunotherapy. Allergy. 2012; 67: 272 â 279.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePfaar O, Biedermann T, Klimek L, Sager A, Robinson DS. Depigmentedâ polymerized mixed grass/birch pollen extract immunotherapy is effective in polysensitized patients. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1306 â 1313.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFrancis JN, Durham SR. Adjuvants for allergen immunotherapy: experimental results and clinical perspectives. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 4: 543 â 548.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreticos PS, Schroeder JT, Hamilton RG, et al. Immunotherapy with a ragweedâ tollâ like receptor 9 agonist vaccine for allergic rhinitis. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 1445 â 1455.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBusse W, Gross G, Korenblat P, Nayak N, Tarpay M, Levitt D. Phase 2/3 study of the novel vaccine Amb a 1 immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotide conjugate AIC in ragweed allergic adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 117: S88 â S89.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDuBuske LM, Frew AJ, Horak F, et al. Ultrashortâ specific immunotherapy successfully treats seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to grass pollen. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011; 32: 239 â 247.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCouroux P, Patel D, Armstrong K, Larche M, Hafner RP. Fel d 1â derived synthetic peptide immunoâ regulatory epitopes show a longâ term treatment effect in cat allergic subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45: 974 â 981.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePurohit A, Niederberger V, Kronqvist M, et al. Clinical effects of immunotherapy with genetically modified recombinant birch pollen Bet v 1 derivatives. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38: 1514 â 1525.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOldfield WL, Larche M, Kay AB. Effect of Tâ cell peptides derived from Fel d 1 on allergic reactions and cytokine production in patients sensitive to cats: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002; 360: 47 â 53.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMaguire P, Nicodemus C, Robinson D, Aaronson D, Umetsu DT. The safety and efficacy of ALLERVAX CAT in cat allergic patients. Clin Immunol. 1999; 93: 222 â 231.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNorman PS, Ohman JL Jr, Long AA, et al. Treatment of cat allergy with Tâ cell reactive peptides. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996; 154: 1623 â 1628.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLitwin A, Pesce AJ, Fischer T, Michael M, Michael JG. Regulation of the human immune response to ragweed pollen by immunotherapy. A controlled trial comparing the effect of immunosuppressive peptic fragments of short ragweed with standard treatment. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991; 21: 457 â 465.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlimek L, Uhlig J, Mosges R, Rettig K, Pfaar O. A high polymerized grass pollen extract is efficacious and safe in a randomized doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled study using a novel upâ dosing clusterâ protocol. Allergy. 2014; 69: 1629 â 1638.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorrigan CJ, Kettner J, Doemer C, Cromwell O, Narkus A, Study Group. Efficacy and safety of preseasonalâ specific immunotherapy with an aluminiumâ adsorbed sixâ grass pollen allergoid. Allergy. 2005; 60: 801 â 807.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Hejjaoui A, Soussana M, Michel FB. Doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled immunotherapy with mixed grassâ pollen allergoids. IV. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of two dosages of a highâ molecularâ weight allergoid. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990; 85: 490 â 497.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Maasch HJ, Hejjaoui A, et al. Doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled immunotherapy with mixed grassâ pollen allergoids. III. Efficacy and safety of unfractionated and highâ molecularâ weight preparations in rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989; 84: 546 â 556.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePfaar O, Nell MJ, Boot JD, et al. A randomized, 5â arm dose finding study with a mite allergoid SCIT in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients. Allergy. 2016; 71: 967 â 976.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTulic MK, Fiset PO, Christodoulopoulos P, et al. Amb a 1â immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide conjugate immunotherapy decreases the nasal inflammatory response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 235 â 241.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDrachenberg KJ, Wheeler AW, Stuebner P, Horak F. A wellâ tolerated grass pollenâ specific allergy vaccine containing a novel adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A, reduces allergic symptoms after only four preseasonal injections. Allergy. 2001; 56: 498 â 505.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSenti G, Johansen P, Haug S, et al. Use of Aâ type CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as an adjuvant in allergenâ specific immunotherapy in humans: a phase I/IIa clinical trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009; 39: 562 â 570.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Lockey R, Malling HJ. Allergen immunotherapy: therapeutic vaccines for allergic diseases. A WHO position paper. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 102: 558 â 562.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePfaar O, Bachert C, Bufe A, et al. Guideline on allergenâ specific immunotherapy in IgEâ mediated allergic diseases: S2k Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the Society for Pediatric Allergy and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the Medical Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the Austrian Society for Allergy and Immunology (OGAI), the Swiss Society for Allergy and Immunology (SGAI), the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German Society of Otoâ Rhinoâ Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNOâ KHC), the German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Society for Pediatric Pneumology (GPP), the German Respiratory Society (DGP), the German Association of ENT Surgeons (BVâ HNO), the Professional Federation of Paediatricians and Youth Doctors (BVKJ), the Federal Association of Pulmonologists (BDP) and the German Dermatologists Association (BVDD). Allergo J Int. 2014; 23: 282 â 319.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePassalacqua G, Canonica GW. Allergen immunotherapy: history and future developments. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36: 1 â 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachert C, Larche M, Bonini S, et al. Allergen immunotherapy on the way to productâ based evaluationâ a WAO statement. World Allergy Organ J. 2015; 8: 29.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeadows A, Kaambwa B, Novielli N, et al. A systematic review and economic evaluation of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy in adults and children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Health Technol Assess. 2013; 17: vi, xiâ xiv, 1â 322.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin SY, Erekosima N, Suarezâ Cuervo C, et al. Allergenâ Specific Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and/or Asthma: Comparative Effectiveness Review. Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 111. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK133239/. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWenzel SE. Complex phenotypes in asthma: current definitions. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 26: 710 â 715.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePurkey MT, Smith TL, Ferguson BJ, et al. Subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: an evidence based review of the recent literature with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013; 3: 519 â 531.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJutel M, Agache I, Bonini S, et al. International consensus on allergy immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 556 â 568.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRajakulasingam K. Early improvement of patientsâ condition during allergenâ specific subcutaneous immunotherapy with a highâ dose hypoallergenic 6â grass pollen preparation. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 44: 128 â 134.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBozek A, Kolodziejczyk K, Krajewskaâ Wojtys A, Jarzab J. Preâ seasonal, subcutaneous immunotherapy: a doubleâ blinded, placeboâ controlled study in elderly patients with an allergy to grass. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016; 116: 156 â 161.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCox L, Nelson H, Lockey R, et al. Allergen immunotherapy: a practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127: S1 â S55.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacobsen L, Niggemann B, Dreborg S, et al. Specific immunotherapy has longâ term preventive effect of seasonal and perennial asthma: 10â year followâ up on the PAT study. Allergy. 2007; 62: 943 â 948.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePajno GB, Barberio G, De Luca F, Morabito L, Parmiani S. Prevention of new sensitizations in asthmatic children monosensitized to house dust mite by specific immunotherapy. A sixâ year followâ up study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 1392 â 1397.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePurelloâ D’Ambrosio F, Gangemi S, Merendino RA, et al. Prevention of new sensitizations in monosensitized subjects submitted to specific immunotherapy or not. A retrospective study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31: 1295 â 1302.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePitsios C, Demoly P, Bilo MB, et al. Clinical contraindications to allergen immunotherapy: an EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2015; 70: 897 â 909.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCox L, Jacobsen L. Comparison of allergen immunotherapy practice patterns in the United States and Europe. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 103: 451 â 459; quiz 459â 461, 495.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFranklin W, Lowell FC. Comparison of two dosages of ragweed extract in the treatment of pollenosis. JAMA. 1967; 201: 915 â 917.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohnstone DE, Dutton A. The value of hyposensitization therapy for bronchial asthma in childrenâ a 14â year study. Pediatrics. 1968; 42: 793 â 802.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFrew AJ, Powell RJ, Corrigan CJ, Durham SR; UK Immunotherapy Study Group. Efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy with SQ allergen extract in treatmentâ resistant seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 117: 319 â 325.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson HS. Subcutaneous injection immunotherapy for optimal effectiveness. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2011; 31: 211 â 226, viii.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson H, Blaiss M, Nolte H, Wurtz SO, Andersen JS, Durham SR. Efficacy and safety of the SQâ standardized grass allergy immunotherapy tablet in monoâ and polysensitized subjects. Allergy. 2013; 68: 252 â 255.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCalderon MA, Cox L, Casale TB, Moingeon P, Demoly P. Multipleâ allergen and singleâ allergen immunotherapy strategies in polysensitized patients: looking at the published evidence. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 929 â 934.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlume SW, Yeomans K, Allenâ Ramey F, et al. Administration and burden of subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis in U.S. and Canadian clinical practice. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2015; 21: 982 â 990.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Cauwenberge P, Bachert C, Passalacqua G, et al. Consensus statement on the treatment of allergic rhinitis. European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2000; 55: 116 â 134.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLowell FC, Franklin W. A doubleâ blind study of the effectiveness and specificity of injecton therapy in ragweed hay fever. N Engl J Med. 1965; 273: 675 â 679.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReid MJ, Moss RB, Hsu YP, Kwasnicki JM, Commerford TM, Nelson BL. Seasonal asthma in northern California: allergic causes and efficacy of immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986; 78: 590 â 600.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEsch RE. Allergen immunotherapy: what can and cannot be mixed ? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 122: 659 â 660.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrier TJ, LeFevre DM, Duncan EA, Esch RE, Coyne TC. Allergen stabilities and compatibilities in mixtures of highâ protease fungal and insect extracts. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012; 108: 439 â 447.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeber RW. Patterns of pollen crossâ allergenicity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 112: 229 â 239; quiz 240.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Metre TE Jr, Rosenberg GL, Vaswani SK, Ziegler SR, Adkinson NF. Pain and dermal reaction caused by injected glycerin in immunotherapy solutions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996; 97: 1033 â 1039.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlunkett G. Update: stability of allergen extracts to establish expiration dating. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016; 24: 261 â 269.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEpstein TG, Liss GM, Murphyâ Berendts K, Bernstein DI. Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal reactions to subcutaneous immunotherapy: national surveillance study on allergen immunotherapy (2008â 2013). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016; 116: 354 â 359.e2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim DH, Park YS, Jang HJ, Kim JH, Lim DH. Prevalence and allergen of allergic rhinitis in Korean children. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016; 30: 72 â 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchaffer FM, Garner LM, Ebeling M, Adelglass JM, Hulsey TC, Naples AR. The efficacy assessment of a selfâ administered immunotherapy protocol. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; 6: 148 â 155.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNanda A, O’Connor M, Anand M, et al. Dose dependence and time course of the immunologic response to administration of standardized cat allergen extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114: 1339 â 1344.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLent AM, Harbeck R, Strand M, et al. Immunologic response to administration of standardized dog allergen extract at differing doses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 118: 1249 â 1256.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFeng S, Xu Y, Ma R, Sun Y, Luo X, Li H. Cluster subcutaneous allergen specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e86529.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinslow AW, Turbyville JC, Sublett JW, Sublett JL, Pollard SJ. Comparison of systemic reactions in rush, cluster, and standardâ build aeroallergen immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016; 117: 542 â 545.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTabar AI, Echechipia S, Garcia BE, et al. Doubleâ blind comparative study of cluster and conventional immunotherapy schedules with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 109 â 118.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePfaar O, Klimek L, Fischer I, et al. Safety of two cluster schedules for subcutaneous immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis or asthma patients sensitized to inhalant allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009; 150: 102 â 108.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCalabria CW, Cox L. Accelerated immunotherapy schedules and premedication. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2011; 31: 251 â 263, ix.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMatsuoka T, Shamji MH, Durham SR. Allergen immunotherapy and tolerance. Allergol Int. 2013; 62: 403 â 413.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJutel M, Akdis M, Budak F, et al. ILâ 10 and TGFâ beta cooperate in the regulatory T cell response to mucosal allergens in normal immunity and specific immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol. 2003; 33: 1205 â 1214.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchmitt J, Schwarz K, Stadler E, Wustenberg EG. Allergy immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis effectively prevents asthma: results from a large retrospective cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136: 1511 â 1516.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDurham SR, Walker SM, Varga EM, et al. Longâ term clinical efficacy of grassâ pollen immunotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 468 â 475.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEbner C, Kraft D, Ebner H. Booster immunotherapy (BIT). Allergy. 1994; 49: 38 â 42.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArroabarren E, Tabar AI, Echechipia S, Cambra K, Garcia BE, Alvarezâ Puebla MJ. Optimal duration of allergen immunotherapy in children with dust mite respiratory allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015; 26: 34 â 41.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReid MJ, Lockey RF, Turkeltaub PC, Plattsâ Mills TA. Survey of fatalities from skin testing and immunotherapy 1985â 1989. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993; 92: 6 â 15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein DI, Wanner M, Borish L, Liss GM, American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology Immunotherapy Committee, Immunology. Twelveâ year survey of fatal reactions to allergen injections and skin testing: 1990â 2001. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 1129 â 1136.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTankersley MS, Butler KK, Butler WK, Goetz DW. Local reactions during allergen immunotherapy do not require dose adjustment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: 840 â 843.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKelso JM. The rate of systemic reactions to immunotherapy injections is the same whether or not the dose is reduced after a local reaction. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 92: 225 â 227.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKennedy JL, Robinson D, Christophel J, Borish L, Payne S. Decisionâ making analysis for allergen immunotherapy versus nasal steroids in the treatment of nasal steroidâ responsive allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014; 28: 59 â 64.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeiding H, Jorgensen KP. A costâ effectiveness analysis of immunotherapy with SQ allergen extract for patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in selected European countries. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007; 23: 1113 â 1120.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHankin CS, Cox L, Bronstone A, Wang Z. Allergy immunotherapy: reduced health care costs in adults and children with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 1084 â 1091.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLarenas Linnemann DE. One hundred years of immunotherapy: review of the first landmark studies. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33: 122 â 128.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScadding GK, Brostoff J. Low dose sublingual therapy in patients with allergic rhinitis due to house dust mite. Clin Allergy. 1986; 16: 483 â 491.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRadulovic S, Calderon MA, Wilson D, Durham S. Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;( 12 ): CD002893.
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Bot CM, Moed H, Berger MY, Roder E, van Wijk RG, van der Wouden JC. Sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis: quality of systematic reviews. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011; 22: 548 â 558.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoder E, Berger MY, de Groot H, van Wijk RG. Immunotherapy in children and adolescents with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: a systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008; 19: 197 â 207.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLarenasâ Linnemann D, Blaiss M, Van Bever HP, Compalati E, Baenaâ Cagnani CE. Pediatric sublingual immunotherapy efficacy: evidence analysis, 2009â 2012. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013; 110: 402 â 415 e409.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKim JM, Lin SY, Suarezâ Cuervo C, et al. Allergenâ specific immunotherapy for pediatric asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2013; 131: 1155 â 1167.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDurham SR, Creticos PS, Nelson HS, et al. Treatment effect of sublingual immunotherapy tablets and pharmacotherapies for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis: pooled analyses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138: 1081 â 1088.e4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCalderon MA, Simons FE, Malling HJ, Lockey RF, Moingeon P, Demoly P. Sublingual allergen immunotherapy: mode of action and its relationship with the safety profile. Allergy. 2012; 67: 302 â 311.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMaloney J, Durham S, Skoner D, et al. Safety of sublingual immunotherapy Timothy grass tablet in subjects with allergic rhinitis with or without conjunctivitis and history of asthma. Allergy. 2015; 70: 302 â 309.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreticos PS, Bernstein DI, Casale TB, Lockey RF, Maloney J, Nolte H. Coseasonal initiation of allergen immunotherapy: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016; 4: 1194 â 1204.e4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOykhman P, Kim HL, Ellis AK. Allergen immunotherapy in pregnancy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2015; 11: 31.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarogna M, Tomassetti D, Bernasconi A, et al. Preventive effects of sublingual immunotherapy in childhood: an open randomized controlled study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 101: 206 â 211.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValovirta E, Berstad AK, de Blic J, et al. Design and recruitment for the GAP trial, investigating the preventive effect on asthma development of an SQâ standardized grass allergy immunotherapy tablet in children with grass pollenâ induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Clin Ther. 2011; 33: 1537 â 1546.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarogna M, Spadolini I, Massolo A, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Longâ lasting effects of sublingual immunotherapy according to its duration: a 15â year prospective study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126: 969 â 975.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLarenasâ Linnemann D. How does the efficacy and safety of Oralair® compare to other products on the market ? Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016; 12: 831 â 850.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLarenasâ Linnemann D. Direct comparison of efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy tablets for rhinoconjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016; 116: 274 â 286.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValovirta E, Jacobsen L, Ljorring C, Koivikko A, Savolainen J. Clinical efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with tree pollen extract in children. Allergy. 2006; 61: 1177 â 1183.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSkoner D, Gentile D, Bush R, Fasano MB, McLaughlin A, Esch RE. Sublingual immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis caused by ragweed pollen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: 660 â 666.e4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreticos PS, Esch RE, Couroux P, et al. Randomized, doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled trial of standardized ragweed sublingualâ liquid immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 751 â 758.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreticos PS, Maloney J, Bernstein DI, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a ragweed allergy immunotherapy tablet in North American and European adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 1342 â 1349.e6.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNolte H, Amar N, Bernstein DI, et al. Safety and tolerability of a short ragweed sublingual immunotherapy tablet. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 113: 93 â 100.e3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCortellini G, Spadolini I, Patella V, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for Alternaria â induced allergic rhinitis: a randomized placeboâ controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 105: 382 â 386.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBergmann KC, Demoly P, Worm M, et al. Efficacy and safety of sublingual tablets of house dust mite allergen extracts in adults with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 1608 â 1614.e6.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSwamy RS, Reshamwala N, Hunter T, et al. Epigenetic modifications and improved regulatory Tâ cell function in subjects undergoing dual sublingual immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 215 â 224.e7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmar SM, Harbeck RJ, Sills M, Silveira LJ, O’Brien H, Nelson HS. Response to sublingual immunotherapy with grass pollen extract: monotherapy versus combination in a multiallergen extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124: 150 â 156.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeatherman BD, Khalid A, Lee S, et al. Dosing of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: evidenceâ based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5: 773 â 783.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMakatsori M, Scadding GW, Lombardo C, et al. Dropouts in sublingual allergen immunotherapy trialsâ a systematic review. Allergy. 2014; 69: 571 â 580.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLin SY, Erekosima N, Kim JM, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma: a systematic review. JAMA. 2013; 309: 1278 â 1288.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRadulovic S, Wilson D, Calderon M, Durham S. Systematic reviews of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Allergy. 2011; 66: 740 â 752.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Bona D, Plaia A, Scafidi V, Letoâ Barone MS, Di Lorenzo G. Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with grass allergens for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126: 558 â 566.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLotvall J, Akdis CA, Bacharier LB, et al. Asthma endotypes: a new approach to classification of disease entities within the asthma syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127: 355 â 360.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChelladurai Y, Suarezâ Cuervo C, Erekosima N, et al. Effectiveness of subcutaneous versus sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2013; 1: 361 â 369.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDi Bona D, Plaia A, Letoâ Barone MS, La Piana S, Di Lorenzo G. Efficacy of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy with grass allergens for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a metaâ analysisâ based comparison. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 1097 â 1107.e2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson H, Cartier S, Allenâ Ramey F, Lawton S, Calderon MA. Network metaâ analysis shows commercialized subcutaneous and sublingual grass products have comparable efficacy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015; 3: 256 â 266.e3.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAasbjerg K, Dalhoff KP, Backer V. Adverse events during immunotherapy against grass pollenâ induced allergic rhinitisâ differences between subcutaneous and sublingual treatment. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015; 117: 73 â 84.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDranitsaris G, Ellis AK. Sublingual or subcutaneous immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis: an indirect analysis of efficacy, safety and cost. J Eval Clin Pract. 2014; 20: 225 â 238.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCalderon MA, Casale TB, Nelson HS, Demoly P. An evidenceâ based analysis of house dust mite allergen immunotherapy: a call for more rigorous clinical studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132: 1322 â 1336.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDretzke J, Meadows A, Novielli N, Huissoon A, Fryâ Smith A, Meads C. Subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and indirect comparison. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 1361 â 1366.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoeks SB, de Groot H, Hoekstra MO. [Sublingual immunotherapy in children with asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis: not enough evidence because of poor quality of the studies; a systematic review of literature]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2008; 152: 261 â 268. Dutch.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDurham SR, Emminger W, Kapp A, et al. SQâ standardized sublingual grass immunotherapy: confirmation of disease modification 2 years after 3 years of treatment in a randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 717 â 725.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDidier A, Malling HJ, Worm M, Horak F, Sussman GL. Prolonged efficacy of the 300IR 5â grass pollen tablet up to 2 years after treatment cessation, as measured by a recommended daily combined score. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015; 5: 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLarsson O, Hellkvist L, Petersonâ Westin U, Cardell LO. Novel strategies for the treatment of grass pollenâ induced allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016; 16: 1143 â 1150.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSenti G, Kundig TM. Novel delivery routes for allergy immunotherapy: intralymphatic, epicutaneous, and intradermal. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36: 25 â 37.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCox L, Compalati E, Kundig T, Larche M. New directions in immunotherapy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013; 13: 178 â 195.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGaraczi E, Szabo K, Francziszti L, et al. DermAll nanomedicine for allergenâ specific immunotherapy. Nanomedicine. 2013; 9: 1245 â 1254.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePhillips EW. Relief of hayâ fever by intradermal injections of pollen extract. JAMA. 1926; 86: 182 â 184. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1926.02670290022008.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSenti G, Graf N, Haug S, et al. Epicutaneous allergen administration as a novel method of allergenâ specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124: 997 â 1002.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAgostinis F, Forti S, Di Berardino F. Grass transcutaneous immunotherapy in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy. 2010; 65: 410 â 411.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSenti G, von Moos S, Tay F, et al. Epicutaneous allergenâ specific immunotherapy ameliorates grass pollenâ induced rhinoconjunctivitis: a doubleâ blind, placeboâ controlled dose escalation study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 128 â 135.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSenti G, von Moos S, Tay F, Graf N, Johansen P, Kundig TM. Determinants of efficacy and safety in epicutaneous allergen immunotherapy: summary of three clinical trials. Allergy. 2015; 70: 707 â 710.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSenti G, Prinz Vavricka BM, Erdmann I, et al. Intralymphatic allergen administration renders specific immunotherapy faster and safer: a randomized controlled trial. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105: 17908 â 17912.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSenti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129: 1290 â 1296.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHylander T, Latif L, Peterssonâ Westin U, Cardell LO. Intralymphatic allergenâ specific immunotherapy: an effective and safe alternative treatment route for pollenâ induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 412 â 420.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHylander T, Larsson O, Peterssonâ Westin U, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy of pollenâ induced rhinoconjunctivitis: a doubleâ blind placeboâ controlled trial. Respir Res. 2016; 17: 10.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePatterson AM, Bonny AE, Shiels WE, 2nd, Erwin EA. Threeâ injection intralymphatic immunotherapy in adolescents and young adults with grass pollen rhinoconjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016; 116: 168 â 170.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWitten M, Malling HJ, Blom L, Poulsen BC, Poulsen LK. Is intralymphatic immunotherapy ready for clinical use in patients with grass pollen allergy ? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132: 1248 â 1252.e5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchmid JM, Nezam H, Madsen HH, Schmitz A, Hoffmann HJ. Intralymphatic immunotherapy induces allergen specific plasmablasts and increases tolerance to skin prick testing in a pilot study. Clin Transl Allergy. 2016; 6: 19.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaudorf E, Laursen LC, Lanner A, et al. Oral immunotherapy in birch pollen hay fever. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987; 80: 153 â 161.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOppenheimer J, Areson JG, Nelson HS. Safety and efficacy of oral immunotherapy with standardized cat extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994; 93: 61 â 67.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Deusen MA, Angelini BL, Cordoro KM, Seiler BA, Wood L, Skoner DP. Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy with short ragweed extract. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997; 78: 573 â 580.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStaden U, Rolinckâ Werninghaus C, Brewe F, Wahn U, Niggemann B, Beyer K. Specific oral tolerance induction in food allergy in children: efficacy and clinical patterns of reaction. Allergy. 2007; 62: 1261 â 1269.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllam JP, Stojanovski G, Friedrichs N, et al. Distribution of Langerhans cells and mast cells within the human oral mucosa: new application sites of allergens in sublingual immunotherapy ? Allergy. 2008; 63: 720 â 727.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCanonica GW, Cox L, Pawankar R, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy: World Allergy Organization position paper 2013 update. World Allergy Organ J. 2014; 7: 6.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReisacher WR, Suurna MV, Rochlin K, Bremberg MG, Tropper G. Oral mucosal immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2016; 7: 21 â 28.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePassalacqua G, Albano M, Ruffoni S, et al. Nasal immunotherapy to Parietaria: evidence of reduction of local allergic inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 152: 461 â 466.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePajno GB, Vita D, Caminiti L, et al. Children’s compliance with allergen immunotherapy according to administration routes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 1380 â 1381.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTari MG, Mancino M, Monti G. Immunotherapy by inhalation of allergen in powder in house dust allergic asthmaâ a doubleâ blind study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1992; 2: 59 â 67.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamelmann E, Rolinckâ Werninghaus C, Wahn U. Is there a role for antiâ IgE in combination with specific allergen immunotherapy ? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 3: 501 â 510.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlunker S, Saggar LR, Seyfertâ Margolis V, et al. Combination treatment with omalizumab and rush immunotherapy for ragweedâ induced allergic rhinitis: inhibition of IgEâ facilitated allergen binding. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: 688 â 695.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKopp MV, Brauburger J, Riedinger F, et al. The effect of antiâ IgE treatment on in vitro leukotriene release in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 110: 728 â 735.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMassanari M, Nelson H, Casale T, et al. Effect of pretreatment with omalizumab on the tolerability of specific immunotherapy in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125: 383 â 389.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePortnoy J, King K, Kanarek H, Horner S. Incidence of systemic reactions during rush immunotherapy. Ann Allergy. 1992; 68: 493 â 498.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLockey RF, Nicoaraâ Kasti GL, Theodoropoulos DS, Bukantz SC. Systemic reactions and fatalities associated with allergen immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 87: 47 â 55.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBegin P, Dominguez T, Wilson SP, et al. Phase 1 results of safety and tolerability in a rush oral immunotherapy protocol to multiple foods using omalizumab. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2014; 10: 7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchulze J, Rose M, Zielen S. Beekeepers anaphylaxis: successful immunotherapy covered by omalizumab. Allergy. 2007; 62: 963 â 964.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalera C, Soohun N, Zankar N, Caimmi S, Gallen C, Demoly P. Severe anaphylaxis to bee venom immunotherapy: efficacy of pretreatment and concurrent treatment with omalizumab. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19: 225 â 229.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCox L, Plattsâ Mills TA, Finegold I, et al. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force Report on omalizumabâ associated anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: 1373 â 1377.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLimb SL, Starke PR, Lee CE, Chowdhury BA. Delayed onset and protracted progression of anaphylaxis after omalizumab administration in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: 1378 â 1381.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGlobal Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma; 2017. http://ginasthma.org/2017-gina-report-global-strategy-for-asthma-management-and-prevention/. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNational Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR3). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/asthsumm.pdf. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBritish guideline on the management of asthma. Edinburgh: UK: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. London, UK: British Thoracic Society. 2016. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/document-library/clinical-information/asthma/btssign-asthma-guideline-2016. December 19, 2017.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlaza Moral V, Alonso Mostaza S, Alvarez Rodriguez C, et al. Spanish guideline on the management of asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016; 26 ( Suppl 1 ): 1 â 92.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAntonicelli L, Micucci C, Voltolini S, et al. Allergic rhinitis and asthma comorbidity: ARIA classification of rhinitis does not correlate with the prevalence of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2007; 37: 954 â 960.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLinneberg A, Henrik Nielsen N, Frølund L, Madsen F, Dirksen A, Jørgensen T; Copenhagen Allergy Study. The link between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma: a prospective populationâ based study. The Copenhagen Allergy Study. Allergy. 2002; 57: 1048 â 1052.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeynaert B, Neukirch C, Kony S, et al. Association between asthma and rhinitis according to atopic sensitization in a populationâ based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113: 86 â 93.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOhta K, Bousquet PJ, Aizawa H, et al. Prevalence and impact of rhinitis in asthma. SACRA, a crossâ sectional nationâ wide study in Japan. Allergy. 2011; 66: 1287 â 1295.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePonte EV, Franco R, Nascimento HF, et al. Lack of control of severe asthma is associated with coâ existence of moderateâ toâ severe rhinitis. Allergy. 2008; 63: 564 â 569.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValero A, Pereira C, Loureiro C, et al. Interrelationship between skin sensitization, rhinitis, and asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis: a study of Spain and Portugal. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19: 167 â 172.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBresciani M, Paradis L, Des Roches A, et al. Rhinosinusitis in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 107: 73 â 80.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceten Brinke A, Grootendorst DC, Schmidt JT, et al. Chronic sinusitis in severe asthma is related to sputum eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 109: 621 â 626.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Gaugris S, Kocevar VS, et al. Increased risk of asthma attacks and emergency visits among asthma patients with allergic rhinitis: a subgroup analysis of the investigation of montelukast as a partner agent for complementary therapy [corrected]. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 723 â 727.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePrice D, Zhang Q, Kocevar VS, Yin DD, Thomas M. Effect of a concomitant diagnosis of allergic rhinitis on asthmaâ related health care use by adults. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35: 282 â 287.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSazonov Kocevar V, Thomas J 3rd, Jonsson L, et al. Association between allergic rhinitis and hospital resource use among asthmatic children in Norway. Allergy. 2005; 60: 338 â 342.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThomas M, Kocevar VS, Zhang Q, Yin DD, Price D. Asthmaâ related health care resource use among asthmatic children with and without concomitant allergic rhinitis. Pediatrics. 2005; 115: 129 â 134.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGaugris S, Sazonovâ Kocevar V, Thomas M. Burden of concomitant allergic rhinitis in adults with asthma. J Asthma. 2006; 43: 1 â 7.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIbanez MD, Valero AL, Montoro J, et al. Analysis of comorbidities and therapeutic approach for allergic rhinitis in a pediatric population in Spain. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013; 24: 678 â 684.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLatvala J, von Hertzen L, Lindholm H, Haahtela T. Trends in prevalence of asthma and allergy in Finnish young men: nationwide study, 1966â 2003. BMJ. 2005; 330: 1186 â 1187.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraback L, Hjern A, Rasmussen F. Trends in asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema among Swedish conscripts from farming and nonâ farming environments. A nationwide study over three decades. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 38 â 43.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee SL, Wong W, Lau YL. Increasing prevalence of allergic rhinitis but not asthma among children in Hong Kong from 1995 to 2001 (Phase 3 International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood). Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004; 15: 72 â 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSelnes A, Nystad W, Bolle R, Lund E. Diverging prevalence trends of atopic disorders in Norwegian children. Results from three crossâ sectional studies. Allergy. 2005; 60: 894 â 899.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnderson HR, Ruggles R, Strachan DP, et al. Trends in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, hay fever, and eczema in 12â 14 year olds in the British Isles, 1995â 2002: questionnaire survey. BMJ. 2004; 328: 1052 â 1053.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHuurre TM, Aro HM, Jaakkola JJ. Incidence and prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis: a cohort study of Finnish adolescents. J Asthma. 2004; 41: 311 â 317.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRobertson CF, Roberts MF, Kappers JH. Asthma prevalence in Melbourne schoolchildren: have we reached the peak ? Med J Aust. 2004; 180: 273 â 276.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTeeratakulpisarn J, Wiangnon S, Kosalaraksa P, Heng S. Surveying the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in schoolâ children in Khon Kaen, Northeastern Thailand using the ISAAC questionnaire: phase III. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2004; 22: 175 â 181.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVellinga A, Droste JH, Vermeire PA, et al. Changes in respiratory and allergic symptoms in schoolchildren from 1996 to 2002, results from the ISAAC surveys in Antwerp (Belgium). Acta Clin Belg. 2005; 60: 219 â 225.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalassi C, De Sario M, Biggeri A, et al. Changes in prevalence of asthma and allergies among children and adolescents in Italy: 1994â 2002. Pediatrics. 2006; 117: 34 â 42.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraunâ Fahrlander C, Gassner M, Grize L, et al. No further increase in asthma, hay fever and atopic sensitisation in adolescents living in Switzerland. Eur Respir J. 2004; 23: 407 â 413.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSettipane RJ, Settipane GA. IgE and the allergyâ asthma connection in the 23â year followâ up of Brown University students. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2000; 21: 221 â 225.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBodtger U, Poulsen LK, Linneberg A. Rhinitis symptoms and IgE sensitization as risk factors for development of later allergic rhinitis in adults. Allergy. 2006; 61: 712 â 716.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlaschke PP, Janson C, Norrman E, Bjornsson E, Ellbjar S, Jarvholm B. Onset and remission of allergic rhinitis and asthma and the relationship with atopic sensitization and smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 162: 920 â 924.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGuerra S, Sherrill DL, Martinez FD, Barbee RA. Rhinitis as an independent risk factor for adultâ onset asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 109: 419 â 425.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceToren K, Olin AC, Hellgren J, Hermansson BA. Rhinitis increase the risk for adultâ onset asthmaâ a Swedish populationâ based caseâ control study (MAPâ study). Respir Med. 2002; 96: 635 â 641.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePorsbjerg C, von Linstow ML, Ulrik CS, Nepperâ Christensen S, Backer V. Risk factors for onset of asthma: a 12â year prospective followâ up study. Chest. 2006; 129: 309 â 316.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeynaert B, Neukirch F, Demoly P, Bousquet J. Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and rhinitis comorbidity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106: S201 â S205.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShaaban R, Zureik M, Soussan D, et al. Rhinitis and onset of asthma: a longitudinal populationâ based study. Lancet. 2008; 372: 1049 â 1057.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShaaban R, Zureik M, Soussan D, et al. Allergic rhinitis and onset of bronchial hyperresponsiveness: a populationâ based study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 176: 659 â 666.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRochat MK, Illi S, Ege MJ, et al. Allergic rhinitis as a predictor for wheezing onset in schoolâ aged children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126: 1170 â 1175.e2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBurgess JA, Walters EH, Byrnes GB, et al. Childhood allergic rhinitis predicts asthma incidence and persistence to middle age: a longitudinal study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: 863 â 869.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSibbald B, Rink E. Epidemiology of seasonal and perennial rhinitis: clinical presentation and medical history. Thorax. 1991; 46: 895 â 901.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorren J, Adinoff AD, Buchmeier AD, Irvin CG. Nasal beclomethasone prevents the seasonal increase in bronchial responsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992; 90: 250 â 256.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKersten ET, van Leeuwen JC, Brand PL, et al. Effect of an intranasal corticosteroid on exercise induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47: 27 â 35.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReed CE, Marcoux JP, Welsh PW. Effects of topical nasal treatment on asthma symptoms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988; 81: 1042 â 1047.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChyrekâ Borowska S, Siergiejko Z, Michalska I. The effects of a new generation of H1 antihistamines (cetirizine and loratadine) on histamine release and the bronchial response to histamine in atopic patients. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1995; 5: 103 â 107.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWasserfallen JB, Leuenberger P, Pecoud A. Effect of cetirizine, a new H1 antihistamine, on the early and late allergic reactions in a bronchial provocation test with allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993; 91: 1189 â 1197.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNishimura M, Koga T, Kamimura T, et al. Comparison of leukotriene receptor antagonists and antiâ histamines as an addâ on therapy in patients with asthma complicated by allergic rhinitis. Kurume Med J. 2011; 58: 9 â 14.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuissa S, Ernst P. Bias in observational study of the effectiveness of nasal corticosteroids in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115: 714 â 719.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrembiale RD, Camporota L, Naty S, Tranfa CM, Djukanovic R, Marsico SA. Effects of specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitic individuals with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 162: 2048 â 2052.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRak S, Lowhagen O, Venge P. The effect of immunotherapy on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil cationic protein in pollenâ allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988; 82: 470 â 480.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoller C, Dreborg S, Ferdousi HA, et al. Pollen immunotherapy reduces the development of asthma in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis (the PATâ study). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 109: 251 â 256.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNovembre E, Galli E, Landi F, et al. Coseasonal sublingual immunotherapy reduces the development of asthma in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114: 851 â 857.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGotzsche PC, Johansen HK. House dust mite control measures for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;( 2 ): CD001187.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTerreehorst I, Duivenvoorden HJ, Tempelsâ Pavlica Z, et al. The effect of encasings on quality of life in adult house dust mite allergic patients with rhinitis, asthma and/or atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2005; 60: 888 â 893.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNational Asthma Education Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPRâ 3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthmaâ Summary Report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007; 120: S94 â S138.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEgan M, Bunyavanich S. Allergic rhinitis: the â Ghost Diagnosisâ in patients with asthma. Asthma Res Pract. 2015; 1: 8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimons FE. Is antihistamine (H1â receptor antagonist) therapy useful in clinical asthma ? Clin Exp Allergy. 1999; 29 ( Suppl 3 ): 98 â 104.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAubier M, Neukirch C, Peiffer C, Melac M. Effect of cetirizine on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy. 2001; 56: 35 â 42.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Emonot A, Germouty J, et al. Doubleâ blind multicenter study of cetirizine in grassâ pollenâ induced asthma. Ann Allergy. 1990; 65: 504 â 508.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Ganse E, Kaufman L, Derde MP, Yernault JC, Delaunois L, Vincken W. Effects of antihistamines in adult asthma: a metaâ analysis of clinical trials. Eur Respir J. 1997; 10: 2216 â 2224.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a doubleâ blind, randomised, placeboâ controlled trial: first results of ETAC. Early Treatment of the Atopic Child. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998; 9: 116 â 124.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnvari S, Vyhlidal CA, Dai H, Jones BL. Genetic variation along the histamine pathway in children with allergic versus nonallergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015; 53: 802 â 809.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBhargava S, Prakash A, Rehan HS, Gupta LK. Effect of systemic corticosteroids on serum apoptotic markers and quality of life in patients with asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015; 36: 275 â 282.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHenriksen JM, Wenzel A. Effect of an intranasally administered corticosteroid (budesonide) on nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, and asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984; 130: 1014 â 1018.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWatson WT, Becker AB, Simons FE. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with intranasal corticosteroids in patients with mild asthma: effect on lower airway responsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993; 91: 97 â 101.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGani F, Pozzi E, Crivellaro MA, et al. The role of patient training in the management of seasonal rhinitis and asthma: clinical implications. Allergy. 2001; 56: 65 â 68.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeltzer EO. Role for cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy in asthma and their potential role in allergic rhinitis based on the concept of â one linked airway diseaseâ . Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000; 84: 176 â 185; quiz 185â 177.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Reid J, van Weel C, et al. Allergic rhinitis management pocket reference 2008. Allergy. 2008; 63: 990 â 996.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNowak D. Management of asthma with antiâ immunoglobulin E: a review of clinical trials of omalizumab. Respir Med. 2006; 100: 1907 â 1917.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBousquet J, Cabrera P, Berkman N, et al. The effect of treatment with omalizumab, an antiâ IgE antibody, on asthma exacerbations and emergency medical visits in patients with severe persistent asthma. Allergy. 2005; 60: 302 â 308.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD’Amato G, Salzillo A, Piccolo A, D’Amato M, Liccardi G. A review of antiâ IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) as add on therapy for severe allergic (IgEâ mediated) asthma. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007; 3: 613 â 619.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNormansell R, Walker S, Milan SJ, Walters EH, Nair P. Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;( 1 ): CD003559.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHumbert M, Boulet LP, Niven RM, Panahloo Z, Blogg M, Ayre G. Omalizumab therapy: patients who achieve greatest benefit for their asthma experience greatest benefit for rhinitis. Allergy. 2009; 64: 81 â 84.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVignola AM, Humbert M, Bousquet J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of antiâ immunoglobulin E therapy with omalizumab in patients with concomitant allergic asthma and persistent allergic rhinitis: SOLAR. Allergy. 2004; 59: 709 â 717.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLai T, Wang S, Xu Z, et al. Longâ term efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with persistent uncontrolled allergic asthma: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. Sci Rep. 2015; 5: 8191.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceErekosima N, Suarezâ Cuervo C, Ramanathan M, et al. Effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma: a systematic review. Laryngoscope. 2014; 124: 616 â 627.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson DR, Lima MT, Durham SR. Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: systematic review and metaâ analysis. Allergy. 2005; 60: 4 â 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEng PA, Borerâ Reinhold M, Heijnen IA, Gnehm HP. Twelveâ year followâ up after discontinuation of preseasonal grass pollen immunotherapy in childhood. Allergy. 2006; 61: 198 â 201.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceInal A, Altintas DU, Yilmaz M, Karakoc GB, Kendirli SG, Sertdemir Y. Prevention of new sensitizations by specific immunotherapy in children with rhinitis and/or asthma monosensitized to house dust mite. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2007; 17: 85 â 91.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNiggemann B, Jacobsen L, Dreborg S, et al. Fiveâ year followâ up on the PAT study: specific immunotherapy and longâ term prevention of asthma in children. Allergy. 2006; 61: 855 â 859.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePasquali M, Baiardini I, Rogkakou A, et al. Levocetirizine in persistent allergic rhinitis and asthma: effects on symptoms, quality of life and inflammatory parameters. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36: 1161 â 1167.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaenaâ Cagnani CE, Berger WE, DuBuske LM, et al. Comparative effects of desloratadine versus montelukast on asthma symptoms and use of beta 2â agonists in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003; 130: 307 â 313.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMin YG, Choi BY, Kwon SK, et al. Multicenter study on the prevalence of perennial allergic rhinitis and allergyâ associated disorders. J Korean Med Sci. 2001; 16: 697 â 701.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger WE, Schenkel EJ, Mansfield LE; Desloratadine Study Group. Safety and efficacy of desloratadine 5 mg in asthma patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 89: 485 â 491.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAaronson DW. Evaluation of cetirizine in patients with allergic rhinitis and perennial asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996; 76: 440 â 446.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrant JA, Nicodemus CF, Findlay SR, et al. Cetirizine in patients with seasonal rhinitis and concomitant asthma: prospective, randomized, placeboâ controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 95: 923 â 932.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJindal A, Suriyan S, Sagadevan S, et al. Comparison of oral montelukast and intranasal fluticasone in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10: OC06 â OC10.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaiardini I, Villa E, Rogkakou A, et al. Effects of mometasone furoate on the quality of life: a randomized placeboâ controlled trial in persistent allergic rhinitis and intermittent asthma using the Rhinasthma questionnaire. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011; 41: 417 â 423.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNair A, Vaidyanathan S, Clearie K, Williamson P, Meldrum K, Lipworth BJ. Steroid sparing effects of intranasal corticosteroids in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2010; 65: 359 â 367.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAgondi RC, Machado ML, Kalil J, Giavinaâ Bianchi P. Intranasal corticosteroid administration reduces nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness and improves asthma symptoms. J Asthma. 2008; 45: 754 â 757.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePedroletti C, Lundahl J, Alving K, Hedlin G. Effect of nasal steroid treatment on airway inflammation determined by exhaled nitric oxide in allergic schoolchildren with perennial rhinitis and asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008; 19: 219 â 226.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDahl R, Nielsen LP, Kips J, et al. Intranasal and inhaled fluticasone propionate for pollenâ induced rhinitis and asthma. Allergy. 2005; 60: 875 â 881.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNathan RA, Yancey SW, Waitkusâ Edwards K, et al. Fluticasone propionate nasal spray is superior to montelukast for allergic rhinitis while neither affects overall asthma control. Chest. 2005; 128: 1910 â 1920.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStelmach R, do Patrocinio TNM, Ribeiro M, Cukier A. Effect of treating allergic rhinitis with corticosteroids in patients with mildâ toâ moderate persistent asthma. Chest. 2005; 128: 3140 â 3147.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThio BJ, Slingerland GL, Fredriks AM, et al. Influence of intranasal steroids during the grass pollen season on bronchial responsiveness in children and young adults with asthma and hay fever. Thorax. 2000; 55: 826 â 832.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKatial RK, Oppenheimer JJ, Ostrom NK, et al. Adding montelukast to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol for control of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2010; 31: 68 â 75.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePrice DB, Swern A, Tozzi CA, Philip G, Polos P. Effect of montelukast on lung function in asthma patients with allergic rhinitis: analysis from the COMPACT trial. Allergy. 2006; 61: 737 â 742.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArbes SJ Jr, Gergen PJ, Elliott L, Zeldin DC. Prevalences of positive skin test responses to 10 common allergens in the US population: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116: 377 â 383.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaroody FM, Mucha SM, Detineo M, Naclerio RM. Nasal challenge with allergen leads to maxillary sinus inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121: 1126 â 1132 e1127.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaroody FM, Mucha SM, deTineo M, Naclerio RM. Evidence of maxillary sinus inflammation in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012; 146: 880 â 886.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNaclerio RM, deTineo ML, Baroody FM. Ragweed allergic rhinitis and the paranasal sinuses. A computed tomographic study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997; 123: 193 â 196.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSavolainen S. Allergy in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. Allergy. 1989; 44: 116 â 122.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChen CF, Wu KG, Hsu MC, Tang RB. Prevalence and relationship between allergic diseases and infectious diseases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2001; 34: 57 â 62.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolzmann D, Willi U, Nadal D. Allergic rhinitis as a risk factor for orbital complication of acute rhinosinusitis in children. Am J Rhinol. 2001; 15: 387 â 390.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYu X, Sperling A, Blair C, Thompson K, Naclerio R. Antigen stimulation of TH2 cells augments acute bacterial sinusitis in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114: 328 â 334.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNaclerio R, Blair C, Yu X, Won YS, Gabr U, Baroody FM. Allergic rhinitis augments the response to a bacterial sinus infection in mice: a review of an animal model. Am J Rhinol. 2006; 20: 524 â 533.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKalfa VC, Spector SL, Ganz T, Cole AM. Lysozyme levels in the nasal secretions of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and recurrent sinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004; 93: 288 â 292.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMelvin TA, Lane AP, Nguyen MT, Lin SY. Allergic rhinitis patients with recurrent acute sinusitis have increased sinonasal epithelial cell TLR9 expression. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010; 142: 659 â 664.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilson KF, McMains KC, Orlandi RR. The association between allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: an evidenceâ based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014; 4: 93 â 103.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi QC, Cheng KJ, Wang F, Zhou SH. Role of atopy in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: does an atopic condition affect the severity and recurrence of disease ? J Laryngol Otol. 2016; 130: 640 â 644.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRantala A, Jaakkola JJ, Jaakkola MS. Respiratory infections in adults with atopic disease and IgE antibodies to common aeroallergens. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e68582.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFrerichs KA, Nigten G, Romeijn K, Kaper NM, Grolman W, van der Heijden GJ. Inconclusive evidence for allergic rhinitis to predict a prolonged or chronic course of acute rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014; 150: 22 â 27.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTan BK, Zirkle W, Chandra RK, et al. Atopic profile of patients failing medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2011; 1: 88 â 94.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePearlman AN, Chandra RK, Chang D, et al. Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009; 23: 145 â 148.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGelincik A, Buyukozturk S, Aslan I, et al. Allergic vs nonallergic rhinitis: which is more predisposing to chronic rhinosinusitis ? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 101: 18 â 22.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKirtsreesakul V, Ruttanaphol S. The relationship between allergy and rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2008; 46: 204 â 208.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRobinson S, Douglas R, Wormald PJ. The relationship between atopy and chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol. 2006; 20: 625 â 628.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlho OP, Karttunen R, Karttunen TJ. Nasal mucosa in natural colds: effects of allergic rhinitis and susceptibility to recurrent sinusitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004; 137: 366 â 372.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Zele T, Gevaert P, Watelet JB, et al. Staphylococcus aureus colonization and IgE antibody formation to enterotoxins is increased in nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114: 981 â 983.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerrettini S, Carabelli A, Sellariâ Franceschini S, et al. Perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis: correlation with rhinologic risk factors. Allergy. 1999; 54: 242 â 248.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHouser SM, Keen KJ. The role of allergy and smoking in chronic rhinosinusitis and polyposis. Laryngoscope. 2008; 118: 1521 â 1527.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlâ Qudah M. Food sensitization in medically resistant chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2016; 169: 40 â 44.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGorgulu O, Ozdemir S, Canbolat EP, Sayar C, Olgun MK, Akbas Y. Analysis of the roles of smoking and allergy in nasal polyposis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2012; 121: 615 â 619.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLill C, Loader B, Seemann R, et al. Milk allergy is frequent in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011; 25: e221 â e224.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMunoz del Castillo F, Juradoâ Ramos A, Fernandezâ Conde BL, et al. Allergenic profile of nasal polyposis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19: 110 â 116.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCollins MM, Loughran S, Davidson P, Wilson JA. Nasal polyposis: prevalence of positive food and inhalant skin tests. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006; 135: 680 â 683.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKirtsreesakul V. Role of allergy in the therapeutic response of nasal polyps. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2002; 20: 141 â 146.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVoegels RL, Santoro P, Butugan O, Formigoni LG. Nasal polyposis and allergy: is there a correlation ? Am J Rhinol. 2001; 15: 9 â 14.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsero R, Bottazzi G. Nasal polyposis: a study of its association with airborne allergen hypersensitivity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001; 86: 283 â 285.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsero R, Bottazzi G. Hypersensitivity to molds in patients with nasal polyposis: a clinical study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105: 186 â 188.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePang YT, Eskici O, Wilson JA. Nasal polyposis: role of subclinical delayed food hypersensitivity. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000; 122: 298 â 301.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePumhirun P, Limitlaohapanth C, Wasuwat P. Role of allergy in nasal polyps of Thai patients. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1999; 17: 13 â 15.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeith PK, Conway M, Evans S, et al. Nasal polyps: effects of seasonal allergen exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994; 93: 567 â 574.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBonfils P, Malinvaud D. Influence of allergy in patients with nasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Acta Otolaryngol. 2008; 128: 186 â 192.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceErbek SS, Erbek S, Topal O, Cakmak O. The role of allergy in the severity of nasal polyposis. Am J Rhinol. 2007; 21: 686 â 690.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBonfils P, Avan P, Malinvaud D. Influence of allergy on the symptoms and treatment of nasal polyposis. Acta Otolaryngol. 2006; 126: 839 â 844.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerger WE, Granet DB, Kabat AG. Diagnosis and management of allergic conjunctivitis in pediatric patients. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2017; 38: 16 â 27.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStrachan D, Sibbald B, Weiland S, et al. Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1997; 8: 161 â 176.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlexandropoulos T, Haidich AB, Pilalas D, Dardavessis T, Daniilidis M, Arvanitidou M. Characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis in an outpatient clinic: a retrospective study. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2013; 41: 194 â 200.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGradman J, Wolthers OD. Allergic conjunctivitis in children with asthma, rhinitis and eczema in a secondary outpatient clinic. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006; 17: 524 â 526.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKosrirukvongs P, Visitsunthorn N, Vichyanond P, Bunnag C. Allergic conjunctivitis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2001; 19: 237 â 244.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlmaliotis D, Michailopoulos P, Gioulekas D, et al. Allergic conjunctivitis and the most common allergens in Northern Greece. World Allergy Organ J. 2013; 6: 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHan DH, Ahn JC, Mun SJ, Park SK, Oh SY, Rhee CS. Novel risk factors for allergic rhinitis in Korean elementary school children: ARCOâ kids phase II in a community. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2015; 7: 234 â 240.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNavarro A, Colas C, Anton E, et al. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in allergy consultations in Spain: Alergologicaâ 2005. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009; 19 ( Suppl 2 ): 7 â 13.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBielory L, Skoner DP, Blaiss MS, et al. Ocular and nasal allergy symptom burden in America: the Allergies, Immunotherapy, and RhinoconjunctivitiS (AIRS) surveys. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2014; 35: 211 â 218.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchneider L, Tilles S, Lio P, et al. Atopic dermatitis: a practice parameter update 2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 295 â 299 e291â e227.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDrucker AM. Atopic dermatitis: burden of illness, quality of life, and associated complications. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2017; 38: 3 â 8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpergel JM, Paller AS. Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 112: S118 â S127.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThe ISAAC story. The International Study of Allergies and Asthma in Childhood. ISAAC Steering Committee; 2017. http://isaac.auckland.ac.nz/story/index.html. Accessed December 19, 2017.
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.