Validity of environmental audits using GigaPan® and Google Earth Technology
dc.contributor.author | Twardzik, Erica | |
dc.contributor.author | Antonakos, Cathy | |
dc.contributor.author | Baiers, Ross | |
dc.contributor.author | Dubowitz, Tamara | |
dc.contributor.author | Clarke, Philippa | |
dc.contributor.author | Colabianchi, Natalie | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-07-08T03:42:33Z | |
dc.date.available | 2018-07-08T03:42:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2018-07-06 | |
dc.identifier.citation | International Journal of Health Geographics. 2018 Jul 06;17(1):26 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-018-0147-7 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/144541 | |
dc.description.abstract | Abstract Background Health behaviors are shaped by the context in which people live. However, documenting environmental context has remained a challenge. More specifically, direct observation techniques require large investments in time and resources and auditing the environment through web-based platforms has limited stability in spatio-temporal imagery. This study examined the validity of a new methodology, using GigaPan® imagery, where we took photos locally and, stitched them together using GigaPan® technology, and quantified environmental attributes from the resulting panoramic photo. For comparison, we examined validity using Google Earth imagery. Methods A total of 464 street segments were assessed using three methods: GigaPan® audits, Google Earth audits, and direct observation audits. Thirty-seven different attributes were captured representing three broad constructs: land use, traffic and safety, and amenities. Sensitivity (i.e. the proportion of true positives) and specificity (i.e. the proportion of true negatives) were used to estimate the validity of GigaPan® and Google Earth audits using direct observation audits as the gold standard. Results Using GigaPan®, sensitivity was 80% or higher for 6 of 37 items and specificity was 80% or higher for 31 of 37 items. Using Google Earth, sensitivity was 80% or higher for 8 of 37 items and specificity was 80% or higher for 30 of 37 items. The validity of GigaPan® and Google Earth was similar, with significant differences in sensitivity and specificity for 7 items and 2 items, respectively. Conclusion GigaPan® performed well, especially when identifying features absent from the environment. A major strength of the GigaPan® technology is its ability to be implemented quickly in the field relative to direct observation. GigaPan® is a method to consider as an alternative to direct observation when temporality is prioritized or Google Earth imagery is unavailable. | |
dc.title | Validity of environmental audits using GigaPan® and Google Earth Technology | |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144541/1/12942_2018_Article_147.pdf | |
dc.language.rfc3066 | en | |
dc.rights.holder | The Author(s) | |
dc.date.updated | 2018-07-08T03:42:34Z | |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
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