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Cultural Models Of Infant Emotions And Needs Among The Gamo People Of Southern Ethiopia

dc.contributor.authorBader, Lauren R.
dc.contributor.authorFouts, Hillary N.
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-20T15:34:51Z
dc.date.available2019-11-01T15:10:33Zen
dc.date.issued2018-09
dc.identifier.citationBader, Lauren R.; Fouts, Hillary N. (2018). "Cultural Models Of Infant Emotions And Needs Among The Gamo People Of Southern Ethiopia." Infant Mental Health Journal 39(5): 497-510.
dc.identifier.issn0163-9641
dc.identifier.issn1097-0355
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/146436
dc.description.abstractHow mothers perceive their infants’ emotions and their subsequent responses are influenced by cultural values and beliefs. Mothers who live in particularly harsh environments may have perceptions about their infants’ emotions that reflect not only cultural values but also constraints of the environment. In this qualitative study, 29 Gamo mothers living in rural Ethiopia were interviewed about perceptions of their infants’ emotions, how they felt about these emotions, and what they believed their infants needed in response. Through constant comparative analysis and thematic coding, several patterns emerged in mothers’ perceptions about their infants’ emotions and what constituted appropriate responses. Mothers said that their infants’ negative emotions were possibly related to illness and that appropriate responses were focused mostly on breastfeeding, complementary food, and needing to be held. Mothers also discussed their work demands and how they conflicted with their desire to respond to their infants; however, many mothers said that they relied on their older children to help. Mothers’ responses were centered on a parenting strategy aimed at promoting infant health and survival, which is consistent with research on parents living in rural environments who subsist by farming and have relatively high risk for infant mortality.RESUMENLos valores y creencias culturales influyen la manera como las madres perciben las emociones de sus infantes y sus respuestas subsecuentes. Las madres que viven en ambientes particularmente hostiles pudieran tener percepciones acerca de las emociones de sus infantes que reflejan no sólo los valores culturales sino también las restricciones del entorno. En este estudio cualitativo, 29 madres Gamo residentes en Etiopía fueron entrevistadas acerca de sus percepciones de las emociones de sus infantes, cómo se sentían acerca de estas emociones, y qué creían ellas que sus infantes necesitaban a manera de respuesta. A través de constantes análisis comparativos y codificaciones temáticas, surgieron varios patrones en las percepciones que las madres tenían acerca de las emociones de sus infantes y lo que constituía respuestas apropiadas. Las madres dijeron que las emociones negativas de sus infantes estaban posiblemente relacionadas con la enfermedad y que las respuestas apropiadas estaban enfocadas primordialmente en el proceso de amamantar, alimentos complementarios y la necesidad de ser llevado en brazos. Las madres también explicaron los requerimientos de su trabajo y cómo los mismos estaban en conflicto con su deseo de responder a sus infantes; sin embargo, muchas madres dijeron que ellas confiaban en la ayuda de sus hijos mayores. Las respuestas de las madres se centraron en una estrategia de crianza dirigida a promover la salud y supervivencia del infante, lo cual es consistente con la investigación acerca de progenitores que viven en entornos rurales que subsisten por medio de la agricultura y tienen un riesgo relativamente alto de mortalidad infantilRÉSUMÉLa manière dont les mères perçoivent les émotions de leurs bébés et leurs réactions qui s’en suivent sont influencées par les valeurs et les croyances culturelles. Les mères qui vivent dans des milieux particulièrement durs peuvent avoir des perceptions des émotions de leurs bébés qui reflètent non seulement des valeurs culturelles mais aussi les contraintes de leur milieu, de leur environnement. Dans cette étude qualitative, 29 mères Gamos vivant dans l’Ethiopie rurale ont été interviewées à propos de leurs perceptions des émotions de leurs bébés, ce qu’elles ressentaient à propos de ces émotions, et ce dont elles croyaient que leurs bébés avaient besoin en réponse. A travers une analyse comparative constante et un codage thématique, certains patterns ont émergé dans les perceptions des mères des émotions de leurs bébés et ce qui constituait des réactions, des réponses appropriées. Les mères ont indiqué que les émotions négatives de leurs bébés étaient peut‐être liées à une maladie ou que les réponses appropriées étaient dans l’ensemble focalisées sur l’allaitement au sein, de la nourriture complémentaire et le besoin d’être tenu. Les mères ont aussi discuté les exigences de leur travail et la manière dont celles‐ci présentaient un conflit avec leur désir de répondre à leurs bébés. Cependant beaucoup de mères ont dit qu’elles se reposaient sur l’aide de leurs enfants les plus âgés. Les réponses, les réactions des mères étaient centrées sur une stratégie de parentage destinée à promouvoir la santé du bébé et sa survie, ce qui s’aligne avec les recherches sur les parents vivant en milieux ruraux qui subsistent grâce à la petite agriculture et qui ont un risque relativement élevé de mortalité du nourrisson.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWie Mütter die Emotionen ihrer Säuglinge wahrnehmen und wie sie darauf reagieren, wird von kulturellen Werten und Überzeugungen beeinflusst. Mütter, die in besonders rauen Umgebungen leben, mögen Auffassungen über die Emotionen ihrer Säuglinge haben, die nicht nur die kulturellen Werte, sondern auch die Einschränkungen der Umwelt widerspiegeln. In dieser qualitativen Studie wurden 29 Mütter der Gamo, die im ländlichen Äthiopien leben, befragt, wie sie die Emotionen ihrer Säuglinge wahrnehmen, wie sie sich in Bezug auf diese Emotionen fühlen und was sie glauben, was ihre Säuglinge als Reaktion darauf benötigen. Durch ständige vergleichende Analysen und thematische Kodierungen entstanden verschiedene Muster bezüglich der Auffassungen der Mütter über die Emotionen ihrer Säuglinge und über angemessene Reaktionen. Die Mütter berichteten, dass die negativen Emotionen ihrer Säuglinge möglicherweise mit einer Krankheit zusammenhängen und dass sich angemessene Reaktionen vor allem auf das Stillen, die Beikost und die Notwendigkeit, sie zu tragen, konzentrieren. Die Mütter diskutierten auch über ihre Arbeitsanforderungen und wie sie mit ihrem Wunsch, auf ihre Säuglinge zu reagieren, in Konflikt gerieten; viele Mütter sagten jedoch, dass sie sich auf ihre älteren Kinder als Unterstützung verlassen würden. Die Antworten der Mütter konzentrierten sich auf eine Erziehungsstrategie zur Förderung der Gesundheit und des Überlebens von Säuglingen, die mit der Forschung über Eltern, die in ländlichen Gebieten leben, von der Landwirtschaft abhängig sind und bei denen ein relativ hohes Risiko für Kindersterblichkeit vorliegt, im Einklang steht.抄録南部エチオピアのガモ族における乳幼児の感情と要求の文化モデル母親たちが乳幼児の感情をどう認識してそれに応じるか、は、文化的価値観や信念の影響を受ける。特に厳しい環境に暮らす母親は、乳幼児の感情を、単に文化的価値だけでなく環境による制約を反映するものととらえるかもしれない。この定性的研究では、エチオピアの農村に住む29人のガモ族の母親が、自分の乳幼児の感情への認識や、自分の感じ方、また乳幼児がどんな応答を必要とすると信じているかについてインタビューを受けた。一定の比較分析と主題コード化を通して、母親が乳幼児の感情をどうとらえ何が適切な反応を構成すると思うかについて、いくつかのパターンが判明した。母親たちは、乳児の否定的な感情は多くの場合病気に関連していて、適切な対応は母乳をあげること、またはそれを補う食物をあげること、抱っこすること、が適切な対応であると述べた。母親たちは仕事の荷が重いこと、自分たちの願うように赤ん坊に対応してやれない葛藤を抱えていることも話し合った。しかし、多くの母親は年上のきょうだいの助けを期待していると語った。母親たちの反応は、乳幼児の健康と生存の増進のための戦略が中心であり、これは、農業で暮らし、乳児死亡率のリスクが比較的高い農村環境の親の研究と一致する。摘要埃塞俄比亞南部加莫人民嬰兒情緒和需求的文化模式母親如何感知嬰兒的情緒及其隨後的反應, 受到文化價值觀和信仰的影響。生活在特別惡劣環境中的母親可能對嬰兒的情緒有所了解, 這些感受不僅反映其文化價值, 也反映環境的限制。這項定性研究, 訪問居住在埃塞俄比亞農村地區的29名加莫母親, 了解她們對嬰兒情緒的看法丶她們對這些情緒的感受, 以及她們認為嬰兒需要如何回應。通過不斷的比較分析和主題編碼, 母親對嬰兒情緒的看法以及適當反應出現幾種模式。母親認為嬰兒的負面情緒可能與疾病有關, 並認為適當的反應集中在母乳喂養丶補充食物和嬰兒需要被抱。母親還討論她們的工作要求, 以及這些要求與回應嬰兒的願望發生衝突; 然而, 許多母親說她們依靠年齡較大的孩子來幫忙。母親的回應集中於促進嬰兒健康和生存的育兒策略, 這與生活在農村環境以農業為生, 嬰兒死亡風險相對較高的父母之研究一致。ملخصالنماذج الثقافية لعواطف واحتياجات الرضع في مجتمعات الجامو في جنوب اثيوبياتتأثر تصورات الأمهات عن عواطف أطفالهن واستجابتهن اللاحقة بالقيم والمعتقدات الثقافية. فالأمهات اللاتي يعشن في بيئات قاسيه على وجه التحديد قد يكون لديهن تصورات بشان عواطف الرضع قد لا تعكس القيم الثقافية فحسب ، بل أيضا قيود وخصوصيات تلك البيئة. في هذه الدراسة الوصفية ، أجريت مقابلات مع 29 من الأمهات داخل مجتمعات الجامو واللاتي يعشن في المناطق الريفية في اثيوبيا بشان تصوراتهن لعواطف أطفالهن الرضع ، وكيف شعرن بهذه العواطف ، وما يعتقدن ان أطفالهن يحتاجون اليه استجابه لذلك. ومن خلال التحليل المقارن الثابت وتكويد المواضيع ، ظهرت عده أنماط في تصورات الأمهات بشان عواطف أطفالهن الرضع وما يشكل استجابات مناسبه في المواقف المختلفة. وقالت الأمهات ان العواطف السلبية للرضع قد تكون مرتبطة بالمرض وان الاستجابات المناسبة تتركز في معظمها علي الرضاعة الطبيعية والغذاء التكميلي وحاجة الطفل لأن تحمله أمه. وناقشت الأمهات أيضا متطلبات عملهن وكيفيه تعارضها مع رغبتهن في الاستجابة لأطفالهن ؛ بيد ان كثيرا من الأمهات أوضحن أنهن يعتمدن علي أطفالهن الأكبر سنا للمساعدة. وتركزت استجابات الأمهات علي استراتيجية الرعاية الوالدية التي تهدف إلى تعزيز صحة الرضع وبقاءهم ، والتي تتسق مع البحوث المتعلقة بالآباء الذين يعيشون في بيئات ريفيه ويعتمدون على الزراعة ولديهم مخاطر عاليه نسبيا من حيث وفيات الرضع.
dc.publisherWinston
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.subject.other文化モデル
dc.subject.otherEthiopia
dc.subject.othercultural model
dc.subject.otherinfant emotion
dc.subject.otherEtiopía
dc.subject.othermodelo cultural
dc.subject.other乳幼児の感情
dc.subject.other埃塞俄比亞
dc.subject.other文化模式
dc.subject.other嬰兒情感
dc.subject.otherأثيوبيا ، النموذج الثقافي ، عاطفه الرضع
dc.subject.otherEthiopie
dc.subject.othermodèle culturel
dc.subject.otherémotion du nourrisson
dc.subject.otherÄthiopien
dc.subject.otherKulturmodell
dc.subject.otherkindliche Emotionen
dc.subject.otherエチオピア
dc.subject.otheremoción infantil
dc.titleCultural Models Of Infant Emotions And Needs Among The Gamo People Of Southern Ethiopia
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPediatrics
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPsychology
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPsychiatry
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPublic Health
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelSocial Sciences
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146436/1/imhj21734.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146436/2/imhj21734_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/imhj.21734
dc.identifier.sourceInfant Mental Health Journal
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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