Statistical Characteristics of Polar Cap Patches Observed by RISR‐C
dc.contributor.author | Ren, Jiaen | |
dc.contributor.author | Zou, Shasha | |
dc.contributor.author | Gillies, Robert G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Donovan, Eric | |
dc.contributor.author | Varney, Roger H. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-11-20T15:36:29Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-10-01T16:02:11Z | en |
dc.date.issued | 2018-08 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ren, Jiaen; Zou, Shasha; Gillies, Robert G.; Donovan, Eric; Varney, Roger H. (2018). "Statistical Characteristics of Polar Cap Patches Observed by RISR‐C." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 123(8): 6981-6995. | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2169-9380 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2169-9402 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/146513 | |
dc.description.abstract | Polar cap “patches” are ~100 to 1,000 km islands of high‐density plasma at polar latitudes, which can cause scintillation to communication and navigation signals. An automatic algorithm for patch identification has been developed and applied to the observations from the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar‐Canada during January to March and September to December, 2016. Four hundred thirty‐seven patches have been identified, and their statistical characteristics have been studied, including their occurrence rate as a function of magnetic local time (MLT) and statistical profiles of plasma parameters at different MLT sectors. About 60% of the patches are observed between 1200 and 2400 MLT, consistent with earlier observations near this latitude (~82° MLat) using different instruments. Superposed epoch analysis has been used to study the vertical profiles of electron density and temperature, ion temperature, vertical velocity, and flux measured within the patches where the density peaks. The patch median density is higher than the sector median with a ratio of ~1.8–2.1 at the altitude of F‐region density peak. Meanwhile, the patch electron temperature is typically lower than the sector median between ~200 and 450 km with the largest difference near noon (~380 K). In contrast, the ion temperature profile of the patches does not show obvious differences except in the noon sector, where the ion temperature is about 150 K higher than the sector median at ~360 km. Additionally, downward ion fluxes with peak exceeding ~1013 m−2 s−1 are found in the patches between ~200 and 400 km at all MLT sectors.Key PointsAn automatic algorithm was developed to identify polar cap patches observed by the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar‐CanadaA peak of patch occurrence is found between 14 and 19 magnetic local time at Resolute BayTypical plasma characteristics within the patches include high density, low electron temperature, and downward ion fluxes | |
dc.publisher | Cambridge University Press | |
dc.publisher | Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | |
dc.title | Statistical Characteristics of Polar Cap Patches Observed by RISR‐C | |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Astronomy and Astrophysics | |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146513/1/jgra54469_am.pdf | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146513/2/jgra54469.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1029/2018JA025621 | |
dc.identifier.source | Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sojka, J. J., Raitt, W. J., & Schunk, R. W. ( 1979 ). Effect of displaced geomagnetic and geographic poles on high‐latitude plasma convection and ionospheric depletions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84 ( A10 ), 5943 – 5951. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA084iA10p05943 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Noja, M., Stolle, C., Park, J., & Lühr, H. ( 2013 ). Long‐term analysis of ionospheric polar patches based on CHAMP TEC data. Radio Science, 48, 289 – 301. https://doi.org/10.1002/rds.20033 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Perry, G. W. ( 2015 ). Large scale plasma density perturbations in the polar F‐region ionosphere, (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from eCommons. ( http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD‐2015‐02‐1947 ). Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rodger, A. S., Pinnock, M., Dudeney, J. R., Baker, K. B., & Greenwald, R. A. ( 1994 ). A new mechanism for polar patch formation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 ( A4 ), 6425 – 6436. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA01501 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ruohoniemi, J. M., & Greenwald, R. A. ( 1996 ). Statistical patterns of high‐latitude convection obtained from Goose Bay HF radar observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101 ( A10 ), 21,743 – 21,763. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JA01584 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ruohoniemi, J. M., & Greenwald, R. A. ( 2005 ). Dependencies of high‐latitude plasma convection: Consideration of interplanetary magnetic field, seasonal, and universal time factors in statistical patterns. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A09204. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010815 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Schunk, R., & Nagy, A. ( 2009 ). Ionospheres: Physics, plasma physics, and chemistry. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511635342 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sojka, J. J., Bowline, M. D., & Schunk, R. W. ( 1994 ). Patches in the polar ionosphere: UT and seasonal dependence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 ( A8 ), 14,959 – 14,970. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA03327 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sojka, J. J., Bowline, M. D., Schunk, R. W., Decker, D. T., Valladares, C. E., Sheehan, R., et al. ( 1993 ). Modeling polar cap F‐region patches using time varying convection. Geophysical Research Letters, 20 ( 17 ), 1783 – 1786. https://doi.org/10.1029/93GL01347 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Spicher, A., Clausen, L. B. N., Miloch, W. J., Lofstad, V., Jin, Y., & Moen, J. I. ( 2017 ). Interhemispheric study of polar cap patch occurrence based on Swarm in situ data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122, 3837 – 3851. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023750 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tanaka, T. ( 2001 ). Interplanetary magnetic field B y and auroral conductance effects on high‐latitude ionospheric convection patterns. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106 ( A11 ), 24,505 – 24,516. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900061 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tsunoda, R. T. ( 1988 ). High‐latitude F region irregularities: A review and synthesis. Reviews of Geophysics, 26 ( 4 ), 719 – 760. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i004p00719 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wang, B., Nishimura, Y., Lyons, L. R., Zou, Y., Carlson, H. C., Frey, H. U., & Mende, S. B. ( 2016 ). Analysis of close conjunctions between dayside polar cap airglow patches and flow channels by all‐sky imager and DMSP. Earth, Planets and Space, 68 ( 1 ), 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623‐016‐0524‐z | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Weber, E. J., Buchau, J., Moore, J. G., Sharber, J. R., Livingston, R. C., Winningham, J. D., & Reinisch, B. W. ( 1984 ). F layer ionization patches in the polar cap. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 1683 – 1694. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA089iA03p01683 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wu, Q., Jee, G., Lee, C., Kim, J.‐H., Kim, Y. H., Ward, W., & Varney, R. H. ( 2017 ). First simultaneous multistation observations of the polar cap thermospheric winds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122, 907 – 915. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023560 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zhang, Q.‐H., Zhang, B. C., Liu, R. Y., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Moen, J., et al. ( 2011 ). On the importance of interplanetary magnetic field ∣B y ∣ on polar cap patch formation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, A05308. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016287 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zou, S., Moldwin, M. B., Ridley, A. J., Nicolls, M. J., Coster, A. J., Thomas, E. G., & Ruohoniemi, J. M. ( 2014 ). On the generation/decay of the storm‐enhanced density plumes: Role of the convection flow and field‐aligned ion flow. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119, 8543 – 8559. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020408 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zou, S., Ridley, A. J., Moldwin, M. B., Nicolls, M. J., Coster, A. J., Thomas, E. G., & Ruohoniemi, J. M. ( 2013 ). Multi‐instrument observations of SED during 24–25 October 2011 storm: Implications for SED formation processes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118, 7798 – 7809. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA018860 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zou, Y., Nishimura, Y., Lyons, L. R., Shiokawa, K., Donovan, E. F., Ruohoniemi, J. M., et al. ( 2015 ). Localized polar cap flow enhancement tracing using airglow patches: Statistical properties, IMF dependence, and contribution to polar cap convection. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120, 4064 – 4078. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020946 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anderson, D. N., Buchau, J., & Heelis, R. A. ( 1988 ). Origin of density enhancements in the winter polar cap ionosphere. Radio Science, 23 ( 4 ), 513 – 519. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS023i004p00513 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Atkinson, G., & Hutchison, D. ( 1978 ). Effect of the day night ionospheric conductivity gradient on polar cap convective flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83 ( A2 ), 725 – 729. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA083iA02p00725 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Basu, S., MacKenzie, E., & Basu, S. ( 1988 ). Ionospheric constraints on VHF/UHF communications links during solar maximum and minimum periods. Radio Science, 23 ( 3 ), 363 – 378. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS023i003p00363 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Basu, S., MacKenzie, E., Costa, E., Fougere, P., Carlson, H., & Whitney, H. ( 1987 ). 250 MHz/GHz scintillation parameters in the equatorial, polar, and auroral environments. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 5 ( 2 ), 102 – 115. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.1987.1146533 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carlson, H. C. ( 2012 ). Sharpening our thinking about polar cap ionospheric patch morphology, research, and mitigation techniques. Radio Science, 47, RS0L21. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RS004946 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carlson, H. C., Moen, J., Oksavik, K., Nielsen, C., McCrea, I. W., Pedersen, T., & Gallop, P. ( 2006 ). Direct observations of injection events of subauroral plasma into the polar cap. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L05103. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025230 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Coley, W. R., & Heelis, R. A. ( 1995 ). Adaptive identification and characterization of polar ionization patches. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100 ( A12 ), 23,819 – 23,827. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JA02700 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Crowley, G. ( 1996 ). Critical review of ionospheric patches and blobs. Review of Radio Science, 1993–1996, 619 – 648. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | David, M., Sojka, J. J., Schunk, R. W., & Coster, A. J. ( 2016 ). Polar cap patches and the tongue of ionization: A survey of GPS TEC maps from 2009 to 2015. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 2422 – 2428. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068136 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Foster, J. C. ( 1993 ). Storm time plasma transport at middle and high latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98 ( A2 ), 1675 – 1689. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JA02032 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Foster, J. C., Coster, A. J., Erickson, P. J., Holt, J. M., Lind, F. D., Rideout, W., et al. ( 2005 ). Multiradar observations of the polar tongue of ionization. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A09S31. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010928 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gillies, R. G., van Eyken, A., Spanswick, E., Nicolls, M. J., Kelly, J., Greffen, M., et al. ( 2016 ). First observations from the RISR‐C incoherent scatter radar. Radio Science, 51, 1645 – 1659. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RS006062 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Heelis, R. A., Sojka, J. J., David, M., & Schunk, R. W. ( 2009 ). Storm time density enhancements in the middle‐latitude dayside ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A03315. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013690 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hosokawa, K., Kashimoto, T., Suzuki, S., Shiokawa, K., Otsuka, Y., & Ogawa, T. ( 2009 ). Motion of polar cap patches: A statistical study with all‐sky airglow imager at Resolute Bay, Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A04318. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA014020 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lockwood, M., & Carlson, H. C. ( 1992 ). Production of polar cap electron density patches by transient magnetopause reconnection. Geophysical Research Letters, 19 ( 17 ), 1731 – 1734. https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL01993 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McEwen, D. J., & Harris, D. P. ( 1996 ). Occurrence patterns of F layer patches over the north magnetic pole. Radio Science, 31 ( 3 ), 619 – 628. https://doi.org/10.1029/96RS00312 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Moen, J., Gulbrandsen, N., Lorentzen, D. A., & Carlson, H. C. ( 2007 ). On the MLT distribution of F region polar cap patches at night. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L14113. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029632 | |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.