A molecular phylogeny and classification of the largely succulent and mainly African Euphorbia subg. Athymalus (Euphorbiaceae)
dc.contributor.author | Peirson, Jess A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bruyns, Peter V. | |
dc.contributor.author | Riina, Ricarda | |
dc.contributor.author | Morawetz, Jeffery J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Berry, Paul E. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-01-15T20:31:01Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-01-15T20:31:01Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013-12 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Peirson, Jess A.; Bruyns, Peter V.; Riina, Ricarda; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Berry, Paul E. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny and classification of the largely succulent and mainly African Euphorbia subg. Athymalus (Euphorbiaceae)." TAXON 62(6): 1178-1199. | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0040-0262 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1996-8175 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/147157 | |
dc.description.abstract | Euphorbia subg. Athymalus consists of approximately 150 species and is one of the four main lineages that comprise the species–rich genus Euphorbia. Most species in the subgenus are stem succulents with greatly reduced leaves, but there are also leafy herbs, shrubs, trees and geophytes. The subgenus is restricted to arid regions of the Old World. Most species are found in sub–Saharan Africa, with one in Macaronesia and adjacent parts of western Africa, a few in the Arabian Peninsula (one of which extends into Iran) and one native to Madagascar. Twenty–three species are endemic to the northeastern Horn of Africa (SE Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia), while 72 species are restricted to southern Africa (including Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland). Sixty of those are endemic to South Africa alone, where they are particularly associated with the semi–arid west and south of the country in the Greater Cape Floristic Region and the Nama Karoo Region. We sampled 88 species and analyzed data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid ndhF regions. Analyses of the separate and combined datasets produced phylogenies that confirm the monophyly of E. subg. Athymalus and the placement of E. antso from Madagascar as sister to the rest of the subgenus. Our analyses also show that the subgenus consists of a grade of early–diverging lineages that are relatively poor in species and that the major radiation of succulent species in southern Africa forms a highly supported clade (E. sect. Anthacanthae). Species–level relationships within this southern African clade, however, remain largely unresolved. Our phylogenetic hypotheses allow us to propose a new classification for E. subg. Athymalus where seven sections are recognized, two of which are newly described. The large southern African E. sect. Anthacanthae is further divided into five subsections, and four series are recognized in E. subsect. Florispinae. | |
dc.publisher | Victor Masson & Fils. | |
dc.publisher | Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | |
dc.subject.other | NrITS | |
dc.subject.other | Phylogeny | |
dc.subject.other | Southern africa | |
dc.subject.other | Succulents | |
dc.subject.other | Greater cape floristic region | |
dc.subject.other | Biogeography | |
dc.subject.other | Euphorbia subg. athymalus | |
dc.subject.other | Cpdna | |
dc.subject.other | Medusoids | |
dc.title | A molecular phylogeny and classification of the largely succulent and mainly African Euphorbia subg. Athymalus (Euphorbiaceae) | |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Biology | |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147157/1/tax6269.pdf | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147157/2/tax6269-sup-001-pdf.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.12705/626.9 | |
dc.identifier.source | TAXON | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Riina, R. & Berry, P.E. 2013a. Euphorbia Planetary Biodiversity Inventory website. http://euphorbiaceae.org/pages/data_portal.html (accessed 23 Apr. 2013). | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. 2011. Mesquite: A modular system for evolutionary analysis, version 2.75. http://mesquiteproject.org | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Meve, U. & Liede, S. 2002. A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae—Ascle-piadoideae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 234: 171 – 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-002-0220-2 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Morawetz, J.J., Wagner, B., Riina, R. & Berry, P.E. 2009. Euphorbia Seed Atlas - Part 1. Euphorbia World 5 ( 3 ): 26 – 29. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Necker, N.J. de. 1790. Elementa Botanica, vol. 2. Neuwied am Rhein. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4452 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Partridge, T.C. & Maud, R.R. 2000. The Cenozoic of southern Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pax, F. 1921. Euphorbiaceae. Pp. 1 – 168 in: Engler, A. & Drude, O. (eds.). Die Vegetation der Erde, vol. 9, Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas, insbesondere seiner tropischen Gebiete, vol. 3 ( 2 ). Leipzig: Engelmann. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50144 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Posada, D. 2008. jModelTest: Phylogenetic model averaging. Molec. Biol. Evol. 25: 1253 – 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A. 2007. Tracer, version 1.4. Computer program and documentation distributed by the authors. http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer (accessed 10 June 2012). | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Reichenbach, H.G.L. 1829 (“1828”). Conspectus regni vegetabilisper gradus naturales evoluti, pars prima. Leipzig. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Riina, R. & Berry, P.E. (coord.) 2013b. Euphorbia Planetary Biodiversity Inventory database. http://www.tolkin.org/projects/72 (accessed 23 April 2013). | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Riina, R., Peirson, J.A., Geltman, D.V., Molero, J., Frajman, B., Pahlevani, A., Barres, L., Morawetz, J.J., Salmaki, Y, Zarre, S., Kryukov, A., Bruyns, P.V. & Berry, P.E. 2013. A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 62: 316 – 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/622.3 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ritz, C.M., Zimmermann, N.F.A. & Hellwig, F.H. 2003. Phylogeny of subsect. Meleuphorbia (A. Berger) Pax & Hoffm. (Euphorbia L.) reflects the climatic regime in South Africa. Pl. Syst. Evol. 241: 245 – 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-003-0064-4 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572 – 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Siesser, W. G. 1980. Late Miocene origin of the Benguela upswelling system off northern Namibia. Science 208: 283 – 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.208.4441.283 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Simmons, M.P. 2004. Independence of alignment and tree search. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 31: 874 – 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.008 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Snijman, D.A. In press. The Greater Cape Floristic Region, the extra Cape subregion. In: Snijman, D.A. (ed.). Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region, vol. 2, The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30. Cape Town: South African National Biodiversity Institute. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stamatakis, A. 2006. RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688 – 2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Steinmann, V.W. & Porter, J.M. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89: 453 – 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3298591 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Swofford, D.L. 2003. PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Uhlarz, H. 1974. Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur Morphologie der basalen Blatteffigurationen sukkulenter Euphorbien aus den Subsektionen Diacanthium Boiss. und Goniostema Baill. Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 9: 571 – 639. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wagner, B., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Berry, P.E., Moller, A. & Becker, R.W. 2010. Euphorbia Seed Atlas - Part 5. Euphorbia World 7 ( 1 ): 11. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wagner, B., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Berry, P.E., Moller, A. & Becker, R.W. 2011. Euphorbia Seed Atlas - Part 6. Euphorbia World 7 ( 2 ): 21. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wheeler, L.C. 1943. The genera of living Euphorbieae. Amer. Midland Naturalist 30: 456 – 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2421292 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wheeler, T.J. & Kececioglu, J.D. 2007. Multiple alignments by aligning alignments. Bioinformatics 23: i559 - i568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm226 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | White, A.C., Dyer, R.A. & Sloan, B. 1941. The succulent Euphorbieae, 2 vols. Pasadena: Abbey Gardens Press. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yang, Y., Riina, R., Morawetz, J.J., Haevermans, T., Aubriot, X. & Berry, P.E. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 61: 764 – 789. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zimmermann, N.F.A., Ritz, C.M. & Hellwig, F.H. 2010. Further support for the phylogenetic relationships within Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from nrITS and trnL-trnF IGS sequence data. Pl. Syst. Evol. 286: 39 – 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0272-7 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ali, J.R. & Huber, M. 2010. Mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar controlled by ocean currents. Nature 463: 653 – 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08706 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Arakaki, M., Christin, P.-A., Nyffeler, R., Lendel, A., Eggli, U., Ogburn, R.M., Spriggs, E, Moore, M.J. & Edwards, E.J. 2011. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent plant lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108: 8379 – 8384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100628108 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bally, P.R.O. 1959. Lithocaulon Bally (Asclepiadaceae), a new genus from Somaliland. Candollea 17: 53 – 59. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Barres, L., Vilatersana, R., Molero, J., Susanna, A. & Galbany-Casals, M. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Aphyllis (Euphorbiaceae) inferred from nrDNA and cpDNA markers with biogeographic insights. Taxon 60: 705 – 720. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bellstedt, D.U., Van Zyl, L., Marais, E.M., Bytebier, B., De Villiers, C.A., Makwarela, A.M. & Dreyer, L.L. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships, character evolution and biogeography of southern African members of Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae) based on three plastid regions. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 47: 932 – 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.019 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Boissier, E. 1862. Euphorbieae. Pp. 3 – 188 in: Candolle, A.P. de (ed.), Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 15 ( 2 ). Paris: Victor Masson & Fils. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.286 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Born, J., Linder, H.P. & Desmet, P. 2007. The Greater Cape Floristic Region. J. Biogeogr. 34: 147 – 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01595.x | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brown, N.E. 1915 (“1925”). Euphorbia. Pp. 222 – 375 in: Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (ed.), Flora capensis, vol. 5 ( 2 ). London: Reeve. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.821 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bruyns, P.V. 1992. Notes on African plants, Euphorbiaceae. Notes on Euphorbia species from the northwestern Cape. Bothalia 22: 37 – 42. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bruyns, P.V. 2000. Euphorbia. Pp. 455 – 458 in: Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J. (eds.), Cape plants. Strelitzia 9. Pretoria, St. Louis: National Botanical Institute: Missouri Botanical Garden. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bruyns, P.V. 2012. Nomenclature and typification of southern African species of Euphorbia. Bothalia 42: 217 – 245. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bruyns, P.V., Mapaya, R.J. & Hedderson, T. 2006. A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. Taxon 55: 397 – 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065587 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bruyns, P.V., Klak, C. & Hanácek, P. 2011. Age and diversity in Old World succulent species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 60: 1717 – 1733. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carter, S. 1988. Euphorbieae. Pp. 409 – 564 in: Polhill, R.M. (ed.), Flora of tropical East Africa: Euphorbiaceae, part 2. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Coetzee, J.A. 1980. Tertiary environmental changes along the southwestern African coast. Palaeontol. Afr. 23: 197 – 203. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Danty d’Isnard, A.-T. 1720. Établissement d’un genre de plante appelle Euphorbe; avec le dénombrement de ses espèces, de deux desquelles on donne les descriptions & les figures. Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Mém. Math. Phys. (Paris, 4to) 1720: 384 – 399. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Daru, B.H., Manning, J.C., Boatwright, J.S., Maurin, O., Maclean, N., Schaefer, H., Kuzmina, M. & Van der Bank, M. 2013. Molecular and morphological analysis of subfamily Alooideae (Asphodelaceae) and the inclusion of Chortolirion in Aloe. Taxon 62: 62 – 76. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Davis, S.D., Heywood, V.H. & Hamilton, A.C. (eds.) 1994. Centres of plant diversity: A guide and strategy for their conservation, vol. 1, Europe, Africa, South-west Asia and The Middle East. Cambridge, U.K.: WWF and IUCN. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Denis, M. 1921. Les Euphorbiées des Iles Australes d’Afrique. Nemours, France: Imprimerie Nemourienne. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36553 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dorsey, B.L., Haevermans, T., Aubriot, X. Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W. & Berry, P.E. 2013. Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia. Taxon 62: 291 – 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/622.! | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Esser, H.-J., Berry, P.E. & Riina, R. 2009. EuphORBia: A global inventory of the spurges. Blumea 54: 11 – 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651909X474023 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hässler, A. 1931. Verwandtschaflichte Gliederung der afrikanischen Euphorbien aus der Sektionen Trichadenia Pax und Rhizanthium Boiss. Bot. Not. 1931: 317 – 338. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hendey, Q.B. 1981. Geological succession at Langebaanweg, Cape Province and global events of the late Tertiary. S. African J. Sci. 77: 33 – 38. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Holmes, S. Carter. 1993. Euphorbia. Pp. 323 – 337 in: Thulin, M. (ed.). Flora of Somalia, vol. 1. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Horn, J.W., Van Ee, B.W., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W., Berry, P.E. & Wurdack, K.J. 2012. Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae). Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 63: 305 – 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754 – 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jürgens, N. 1991. A new approach to the Namib Region I, Phytogeo-graphic subdivision. Vegetatio 97: 21 – 38. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jürgens, N. 1997. Floristic biodiversity and history of African arid regions. Biodivers. & Conservation 6: 495 – 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018325026863 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Katoh, K., Kuma, K.-I., Toh, H. & Miyata, T. 2005. MAFFT version 5: Improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. Nucl. Acids Res. 33: 511 – 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki198 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Klak, C., Reeves, G. & Hedderson, T.A.J. 2004. Unmatched tempo of evolution in southern African semi-desert ice plants. Nature 427: 63 – 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02243 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Koutnik, D.L. 1984. A brief taxonomy of the Euphorbia clava-loricata complex (Treisia). Euphorbia J. 2: 38 – 50. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Leach, L.C. 1983. A new Euphorbia from South West Africa. J. S. African Bot. 49: 189 – 192. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Leach, L.C. 1984. A new Euphorbia from South Africa. J. S. African Bot. 50: 341 – 345. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Leandri, J. 1957. Euphorbia mandravioky, nom. nov. et un nom nouveau pour une sous-section du genre Euphorbe. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 104: 499 – 501. | |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.